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Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:01,000 --> 00:00:03,560 ♪ ♪ 2 00:00:03,640 --> 00:00:05,400 Egypt, 3 00:00:05,480 --> 00:00:09,120 the richest source of archaeological treasures on the planet. 4 00:00:09,200 --> 00:00:12,000 Oh, that's a fabulous one. 5 00:00:14,480 --> 00:00:16,200 Beneath this desert landscape... 6 00:00:18,640 --> 00:00:21,800 lies the secrets of this ancient civilization. 7 00:00:21,880 --> 00:00:22,880 Wow. 8 00:00:22,960 --> 00:00:26,080 You can see why the Pharaohs chose this place. 9 00:00:26,160 --> 00:00:29,240 Now, for a full season of excavations, 10 00:00:30,320 --> 00:00:33,440 our cameras have been given unprecedented access 11 00:00:34,600 --> 00:00:37,880 to follow teams on the front line of archeology. 12 00:00:37,960 --> 00:00:40,640 I'm driving so fast because I'm so excited! 13 00:00:41,800 --> 00:00:44,120 It's an entrance. We can see an entrance! 14 00:00:45,440 --> 00:00:48,320 Revealing buried secrets. 15 00:00:48,400 --> 00:00:50,480 I have just been told that they have found something. 16 00:00:51,080 --> 00:00:52,560 Oh my gosh! 17 00:00:54,880 --> 00:00:55,880 A sphinx! 18 00:00:58,440 --> 00:01:02,320 And making discoveries that could rewrite ancient history. 19 00:01:07,920 --> 00:01:12,000 This time, new secrets of the boy king, Tutankhamun. 20 00:01:13,120 --> 00:01:15,040 Aliaa uses pioneering technology 21 00:01:15,120 --> 00:01:18,240 to reveal startling new evidence about his tomb, 22 00:01:18,320 --> 00:01:21,880 and why it remained hidden for 3,000 years. 23 00:01:21,960 --> 00:01:23,880 A lot of robberies were going on. 24 00:01:23,960 --> 00:01:25,400 How was it not found? 25 00:01:26,600 --> 00:01:28,800 Eissa's team discover a long-lost cache 26 00:01:28,880 --> 00:01:31,720 of King Tutankhamun's treasures. 27 00:01:31,800 --> 00:01:34,400 It's the most exciting discovery in my career. 28 00:01:36,000 --> 00:01:39,520 And Alejandro discovers extraordinary burial treasures 29 00:01:39,600 --> 00:01:42,720 in a 4,000 year-old tomb. 30 00:01:44,320 --> 00:01:45,920 Congratulations! 31 00:01:46,000 --> 00:01:49,000 ♪ ♪ 32 00:01:54,320 --> 00:01:57,320 ♪ ♪ 33 00:02:05,320 --> 00:02:07,160 The Valley of the Kings. 34 00:02:10,320 --> 00:02:12,760 3,500 years ago, 35 00:02:12,840 --> 00:02:16,320 the Great Pharaohs stopped building pyramids as their tombs. 36 00:02:17,280 --> 00:02:21,240 They chose these secluded cliffs to become their cemetery. 37 00:02:24,200 --> 00:02:27,560 Today, archaeologists come from all over the world 38 00:02:27,640 --> 00:02:30,040 to unlock the mysteries still hidden 39 00:02:30,120 --> 00:02:32,280 in this City of the Dead. 40 00:02:34,680 --> 00:02:38,440 It's the first day in the Valley for Cairo-born Egyptologist 41 00:02:38,520 --> 00:02:40,920 Aliaa Ismail and her team. 42 00:02:42,560 --> 00:02:44,400 There's a real buzz in this place. 43 00:02:44,480 --> 00:02:46,240 People are coming from all over the world, 44 00:02:46,680 --> 00:02:48,680 coming to the Valley, it's amazing. 45 00:02:50,240 --> 00:02:52,600 I'm so proud to have such ancestry. 46 00:02:52,680 --> 00:02:56,160 It's one of the most famous necropolises in the world 47 00:02:56,240 --> 00:02:59,840 and I think what is special is that it comes out of nowhere. 48 00:02:59,920 --> 00:03:01,720 ♪ ♪ 49 00:03:02,160 --> 00:03:04,800 Over 300 miles south of Cairo, 50 00:03:04,880 --> 00:03:06,680 in the heart of Egypt, 51 00:03:06,760 --> 00:03:09,760 lie the limestone cliffs of the Valley of the Kings. 52 00:03:14,640 --> 00:03:16,960 After 200 years of excavation, 53 00:03:17,040 --> 00:03:20,040 archaeologists have found 65 tombs 54 00:03:20,120 --> 00:03:22,320 hidden amongst the rocks. 55 00:03:22,400 --> 00:03:24,520 But, only one has ever been found 56 00:03:24,600 --> 00:03:26,680 with its treasure still inside. 57 00:03:26,760 --> 00:03:29,760 It belonged to the Pharaoh, Tutankhamun. 58 00:03:31,560 --> 00:03:34,560 This here is number 62, 59 00:03:35,120 --> 00:03:36,920 Tutankhamun. 60 00:03:37,000 --> 00:03:39,480 One of those great finds of the century. 61 00:03:39,560 --> 00:03:42,280 ♪ ♪ 62 00:03:42,360 --> 00:03:44,600 British explorer Howard Carter 63 00:03:44,680 --> 00:03:47,800 discovered Tutankhamun's tomb in 1922. 64 00:03:49,120 --> 00:03:53,040 One of his teams spotted steps leading down through the sand. 65 00:03:54,320 --> 00:03:56,160 They led to the tomb entrance, 66 00:03:56,240 --> 00:03:59,240 buried beneath meters of rubble and debris. 67 00:04:00,960 --> 00:04:02,840 What Carter found inside 68 00:04:02,920 --> 00:04:06,000 inspired archaeologists for generations to come. 69 00:04:11,120 --> 00:04:13,120 Deep inside the mountains, 70 00:04:16,000 --> 00:04:19,480 Amid a maze of tunnels that bore deep through the rock, 71 00:04:20,560 --> 00:04:23,760 Carter reached the tomb of Tutankhamun, 72 00:04:23,840 --> 00:04:26,320 hidden right in the center of the Valley. 73 00:04:27,840 --> 00:04:30,160 Inside, he found treasures 74 00:04:30,240 --> 00:04:32,840 unlike anything ever seen before. 75 00:04:35,920 --> 00:04:38,680 Over 5,000 priceless artifacts, 76 00:04:38,760 --> 00:04:40,760 including golden statues. 77 00:04:42,120 --> 00:04:45,120 In the burial chamber, the Pharaoh's mummy, 78 00:04:45,200 --> 00:04:48,640 wearing a golden death mask, was placed inside a coffin 79 00:04:48,720 --> 00:04:52,240 made of more than 200 pounds of solid gold. 80 00:04:53,240 --> 00:04:56,080 ♪ ♪ 81 00:04:56,840 --> 00:04:59,160 This intact tomb made Tutankhamun 82 00:04:59,240 --> 00:05:02,000 the most famous of the Pharaohs. 83 00:05:03,480 --> 00:05:06,760 Now, Aliaa is investigating this golden Pharaoh's life... 84 00:05:07,480 --> 00:05:08,480 Wow. 85 00:05:08,920 --> 00:05:12,040 And why his tomb remained hidden for so long. 86 00:05:13,440 --> 00:05:15,400 Aliaa's team have been scanning 87 00:05:15,480 --> 00:05:18,760 and documenting the tomb for the last 10 years, 88 00:05:19,160 --> 00:05:21,160 and they've made a remarkable discovery. 89 00:05:22,440 --> 00:05:25,240 The idea here is to understand what's going on 90 00:05:25,320 --> 00:05:27,320 when you look at the data void of color. 91 00:05:28,600 --> 00:05:30,640 The scans strip away the paint 92 00:05:30,720 --> 00:05:33,400 on the walls to reveal unusual markings. 93 00:05:33,760 --> 00:05:35,320 This was the main scene, 94 00:05:35,400 --> 00:05:38,440 and here is the 3D of the North Wall. 95 00:05:38,520 --> 00:05:41,520 So, as you can see here, the silhouette of an image 96 00:05:41,600 --> 00:05:44,600 and this would have been done while they were painting. 97 00:05:46,080 --> 00:05:48,120 The images show the indented outline 98 00:05:48,200 --> 00:05:50,160 of the face hidden below. 99 00:05:50,840 --> 00:05:53,320 It's caused by the tip of the paintbrush 100 00:05:53,400 --> 00:05:56,480 if you start painting when the plaster is still wet. 101 00:05:56,560 --> 00:05:58,680 This is why the brushes would have made 102 00:05:58,760 --> 00:06:00,680 a very light impression, 103 00:06:00,760 --> 00:06:03,080 and this allows us to understand that it was rushed. 104 00:06:03,520 --> 00:06:06,520 But why would the tomb builders rush such an important job? 105 00:06:08,200 --> 00:06:11,480 The pictures on the wall reveal another set of clues. 106 00:06:11,560 --> 00:06:14,560 ♪ ♪ 107 00:06:15,760 --> 00:06:19,600 Despite becoming the most famous Pharaoh of Ancient Egypt, 108 00:06:20,240 --> 00:06:23,240 Tutankhamun did not have a lengthy reign. 109 00:06:24,240 --> 00:06:27,720 He was only a 9-year-old boy when he became King, 110 00:06:28,960 --> 00:06:32,760 and relied on trusted advisors to help rule his vast empire. 111 00:06:34,560 --> 00:06:37,200 As Tutankhamun grew older, 112 00:06:37,280 --> 00:06:40,440 he was known to portray himself as a warrior king, 113 00:06:40,520 --> 00:06:43,000 riding into battle on a chariot. 114 00:06:44,560 --> 00:06:47,880 But the boy king suffered from multiple illnesses, 115 00:06:47,960 --> 00:06:50,160 including malaria. 116 00:06:50,240 --> 00:06:53,840 He was only 19 years old when he unexpectedly died. 117 00:06:59,480 --> 00:07:02,800 Aliaa thinks the marks her scans reveal in the plaster 118 00:07:02,880 --> 00:07:06,760 are evidence of a hurried burial due to Tutankhamun's sudden death. 119 00:07:09,000 --> 00:07:11,160 The decorated part of the tomb is very small. 120 00:07:11,240 --> 00:07:12,920 It's only the burial chamber. 121 00:07:13,480 --> 00:07:16,120 The rest of the tomb is not decorated. 122 00:07:16,200 --> 00:07:18,920 If they had more time, all of this was going to be decorated. 123 00:07:19,720 --> 00:07:23,000 While the tomb's construction may have been rushed... 124 00:07:23,800 --> 00:07:25,240 ♪ ♪ 125 00:07:25,320 --> 00:07:28,280 its treasures were everything a Pharaoh could desire 126 00:07:28,640 --> 00:07:31,000 to take him into the afterlife. 127 00:07:32,080 --> 00:07:34,800 So, why did this tomb lay hidden below 128 00:07:34,880 --> 00:07:37,120 a layer of rock for thousands of years 129 00:07:37,480 --> 00:07:40,440 when all the other tombs in the Valley were looted? 130 00:07:42,480 --> 00:07:44,320 To solve this mystery, 131 00:07:44,400 --> 00:07:46,800 Aliaa will turn to new technology 132 00:07:46,880 --> 00:07:50,240 as she moves her investigation out into the Valley. 133 00:07:51,000 --> 00:07:53,480 ♪ ♪ 134 00:07:54,480 --> 00:07:57,480 300 miles north, in Giza... 135 00:08:00,040 --> 00:08:02,440 in the shadow of the pyramids... 136 00:08:03,480 --> 00:08:07,080 the biggest treasure haul in history is getting a new home. 137 00:08:08,640 --> 00:08:11,640 A one-billion-dollar museum and research center. 138 00:08:13,120 --> 00:08:16,920 When completed, the Grand Egyptian Museum 139 00:08:17,000 --> 00:08:19,800 will reunite all of Tutankhamun's treasures 140 00:08:19,880 --> 00:08:23,560 in one place, for the first time in 100 years. 141 00:08:24,320 --> 00:08:27,920 Having all of the pieces from the tomb of Tutankhamun 142 00:08:28,000 --> 00:08:30,680 together in one place, this will be 143 00:08:31,040 --> 00:08:34,800 a fantastic chance to find new facts, 144 00:08:34,880 --> 00:08:38,560 new hidden things about Tutankhamun. 145 00:08:41,480 --> 00:08:44,560 After Carter removed the treasures from Tut's tomb, 146 00:08:44,640 --> 00:08:47,640 they ended up in museums around Egypt. 147 00:08:48,840 --> 00:08:51,640 Now, for the first time in the museum's labs, 148 00:08:51,960 --> 00:08:54,000 scientists and Egyptologists 149 00:08:54,080 --> 00:08:57,160 will use modern technology to analyze each object. 150 00:08:58,400 --> 00:09:01,000 Some details reappear 151 00:09:01,080 --> 00:09:03,160 and give us new information 152 00:09:03,240 --> 00:09:05,200 about these antiquities. 153 00:09:06,160 --> 00:09:09,600 But some of Tut's greatest treasures are yet to arrive. 154 00:09:11,120 --> 00:09:13,640 ♪ ♪ 155 00:09:14,480 --> 00:09:17,200 300 miles south in the Luxor Museum, 156 00:09:18,200 --> 00:09:21,040 Eissa Zidan is preparing 122 of these 157 00:09:21,120 --> 00:09:23,840 priceless artifacts for the move to Giza. 158 00:09:28,320 --> 00:09:32,000 I'm very, very proud to work with this kind of artifact. 159 00:09:32,840 --> 00:09:36,640 We have a huge responsibility for dealing with the collection of Tutankhamun. 160 00:09:37,000 --> 00:09:41,680 This is once in a lifetime to move this collection to Cairo. 161 00:09:42,560 --> 00:09:44,480 Eissa's packing list includes 162 00:09:44,560 --> 00:09:46,720 one of Tut's famous chariots, 163 00:09:47,320 --> 00:09:49,520 intricate model boats, 164 00:09:49,600 --> 00:09:52,520 and a unique head of the cow goddess, Hathor, 165 00:09:53,160 --> 00:09:55,160 elaborately gilded with gold. 166 00:09:57,160 --> 00:10:01,000 In my opinion this head of cow, like the mask of Tutankhamun... 167 00:10:01,080 --> 00:10:03,600 is a very important piece in this collection. 168 00:10:09,560 --> 00:10:11,600 After just four hours, 169 00:10:11,680 --> 00:10:14,400 Eissa's packing suddenly comes to a halt. 170 00:10:14,480 --> 00:10:16,000 One of his teams has discovered 171 00:10:16,080 --> 00:10:18,560 something completely unexpected in the storeroom. 172 00:10:19,200 --> 00:10:20,880 It's an antique box 173 00:10:20,960 --> 00:10:23,360 that Howard Carter used to pack and transport 174 00:10:23,440 --> 00:10:26,320 Tutankhamun's treasures out of the tomb. 175 00:10:26,720 --> 00:10:29,440 I never discovered something like that before. 176 00:10:29,520 --> 00:10:32,160 It's the most exciting discovery in my career. 177 00:10:33,080 --> 00:10:36,120 The box has been missing, presumed lost, for decades... 178 00:10:38,000 --> 00:10:41,000 and no one knows what treasures it may hold. 179 00:10:41,800 --> 00:10:43,400 ♪ ♪ 180 00:10:43,480 --> 00:10:47,160 120 miles south of the Valley of the Kings, near Aswan, 181 00:10:50,080 --> 00:10:52,840 a Spanish Research Team from Jaen University 182 00:10:52,920 --> 00:10:56,400 is hoping to follow in Carter's footsteps 183 00:10:56,480 --> 00:10:59,800 and make new discoveries which could rewrite history. 184 00:11:01,160 --> 00:11:03,840 Professor Alejandro Jimenez-Serrano 185 00:11:03,920 --> 00:11:06,920 heads the largest foreign team working in Egypt. 186 00:11:07,600 --> 00:11:10,880 Today is the first day of the dig season. 187 00:11:10,960 --> 00:11:12,520 Sorry for the mess. 188 00:11:12,600 --> 00:11:15,720 We are sharing the room, three researchers of the team. 189 00:11:15,800 --> 00:11:18,320 This is my bed, supposedly the best one. 190 00:11:20,000 --> 00:11:21,920 Sorry. 191 00:11:22,000 --> 00:11:25,360 It's amazing to get up, and the first thing that you see, 192 00:11:25,440 --> 00:11:28,200 apart from the ugly face of your roommates, 193 00:11:28,280 --> 00:11:30,680 is the Qubbet el-Hawa, the hill. 194 00:11:31,760 --> 00:11:33,240 ♪ ♪ 195 00:11:33,320 --> 00:11:38,080 Qubbet el-Hawa is one of the largest ancient burial sites in Egypt. 196 00:11:38,600 --> 00:11:42,200 So far, 100 tombs have been discovered here. 197 00:11:42,800 --> 00:11:44,280 They belong to the nobles 198 00:11:44,360 --> 00:11:47,360 who governed Egypt hundreds of years before the Pharaohs 199 00:11:47,440 --> 00:11:49,920 buried in the Valley of the Kings. 200 00:11:53,680 --> 00:11:55,160 Alejandro's mission 201 00:11:55,240 --> 00:11:57,920 is to hunt for more unopened tombs 202 00:11:58,000 --> 00:12:01,160 and reveal more about these early Egyptians. 203 00:12:01,240 --> 00:12:03,800 It's difficult to explain how I feel. 204 00:12:03,880 --> 00:12:06,840 It's not only nervous. It's exciting. 205 00:12:06,920 --> 00:12:09,800 It's a mix of feelings. 206 00:12:09,880 --> 00:12:12,480 It's an honor to come every year. 207 00:12:14,480 --> 00:12:17,440 Now, it comes the most difficult part of the day. 208 00:12:17,520 --> 00:12:19,400 It's to climb the hill. 209 00:12:19,480 --> 00:12:23,200 ♪ ♪ 210 00:12:23,280 --> 00:12:26,280 This is the team's 10th year digging here. 211 00:12:26,360 --> 00:12:29,200 It's so nice to be here again. 212 00:12:29,280 --> 00:12:32,080 There's a reason why everyone is excited to be back. 213 00:12:33,080 --> 00:12:37,160 Last year, Alejandro found the entrance to a sealed tomb, 214 00:12:38,080 --> 00:12:41,360 but his permit expired before he could explore inside. 215 00:12:43,280 --> 00:12:46,560 Today is 40 degrees, and working underneath the sun, 216 00:12:46,640 --> 00:12:48,720 today's gonna be tough. 217 00:12:50,560 --> 00:12:52,760 To protect against modern day tomb-robbers... 218 00:12:54,840 --> 00:12:57,080 they put a steel security door to block 219 00:12:57,160 --> 00:12:58,680 the entrance of the vertical shaft 220 00:12:58,760 --> 00:13:01,680 that leads to the sealed burial chamber. 221 00:13:02,120 --> 00:13:04,320 Well, it has been one-year waiting, 222 00:13:04,400 --> 00:13:06,440 one-year imagining the possibilities. 223 00:13:07,160 --> 00:13:08,280 I'm very excited. 224 00:13:15,880 --> 00:13:18,080 ♪ ♪ 225 00:13:18,960 --> 00:13:20,440 In Luxor, 226 00:13:20,520 --> 00:13:23,680 Eissa's team pack Tutankhamun's treasures for the move 227 00:13:23,760 --> 00:13:26,560 to the Grand Egyptian Museum in Giza. 228 00:13:29,720 --> 00:13:33,000 But, in the storeroom, Eissa is ready to open 229 00:13:33,080 --> 00:13:36,560 Carter's long-lost box to discover what's inside. 230 00:13:40,000 --> 00:13:43,240 ♪ ♪ 231 00:13:43,320 --> 00:13:45,600 The team gather round to see if the box 232 00:13:45,680 --> 00:13:47,920 really does contain priceless treasures 233 00:13:48,000 --> 00:13:49,560 from Tutankhamun's tomb. 234 00:13:53,800 --> 00:13:56,520 Ah. 235 00:13:56,600 --> 00:13:59,000 - Fantastic. - It's amazing. 236 00:13:59,080 --> 00:14:00,920 These delicate wooden pieces 237 00:14:01,000 --> 00:14:03,240 are ancient boat parts. 238 00:14:03,320 --> 00:14:05,640 Thank you Mr. Mohamed Atwa for this new discovery. 239 00:14:08,560 --> 00:14:12,200 Storeroom records suggest they could be missing parts of a model boat 240 00:14:12,280 --> 00:14:15,760 Howard Carter found in Tutankhamun's tomb. 241 00:14:16,360 --> 00:14:19,840 This is the head of one of the paddles, like that. 242 00:14:19,920 --> 00:14:24,480 And the remains of the gold is still there after all these years. 243 00:14:24,560 --> 00:14:27,200 ♪ ♪ 244 00:14:27,280 --> 00:14:29,920 According to ancient Egyptian belief, 245 00:14:30,000 --> 00:14:33,000 boats played a key role after death. 246 00:14:33,600 --> 00:14:36,000 So, placing model boats into tombs 247 00:14:36,080 --> 00:14:38,480 was a vital part of any burial. 248 00:14:39,840 --> 00:14:42,360 The vessels also came complete with crew 249 00:14:42,440 --> 00:14:45,200 because it was believed the replicas would come to life 250 00:14:45,280 --> 00:14:48,280 and help with fishing and transport in the underworld. 251 00:14:51,000 --> 00:14:55,840 The Pharaohs used a special vessel to sail across the sky for eternity. 252 00:14:58,280 --> 00:15:02,200 Ordinary people also thought they could reach the afterlife by boat, 253 00:15:03,280 --> 00:15:06,760 rowing on the Nile and into the next world. 254 00:15:09,600 --> 00:15:12,320 You can see here the date of the newspaper. 255 00:15:12,400 --> 00:15:15,400 It's Sunday, 5th of November, 1933. 256 00:15:16,280 --> 00:15:19,440 Howard Carter, maybe he read this newspaper 257 00:15:19,520 --> 00:15:22,200 before using it as a support in this box 258 00:15:22,840 --> 00:15:25,280 To discover where these pieces came from, 259 00:15:25,360 --> 00:15:28,200 Mohammad inspects Carter's original inventory. 260 00:15:29,280 --> 00:15:34,200 Here's the photo taken from the tomb itself and here we can find the boat. 261 00:15:34,280 --> 00:15:39,040 It's lot number 321 and with the mast itself which is here. 262 00:15:39,720 --> 00:15:41,320 Records show that the box 263 00:15:41,400 --> 00:15:44,200 was sent to Luxor in 1973, 264 00:15:44,280 --> 00:15:47,360 but had gone missing, presumed lost or stolen. 265 00:15:48,040 --> 00:15:51,800 It's a really exciting, new discovery for one of the most 266 00:15:51,880 --> 00:15:55,160 important artifacts belonging to the King Tutankhamun. 267 00:15:56,360 --> 00:16:00,040 Eissa thinks the rest of the boat is safe in the new Cairo lab, 268 00:16:01,480 --> 00:16:04,000 so they might finally be able to reunite it. 269 00:16:07,000 --> 00:16:10,880 To transport the treasures to Giza, Eissa's team must traverse 270 00:16:10,960 --> 00:16:13,720 400 miles of barren desert roads 271 00:16:13,800 --> 00:16:15,800 and crowded city streets 272 00:16:15,880 --> 00:16:19,440 before they reach the safety of the new museum. 273 00:16:19,520 --> 00:16:21,120 ♪ ♪ 274 00:16:21,200 --> 00:16:23,360 It will take two trucks to transport 275 00:16:23,440 --> 00:16:26,160 all 122 of the artifacts to Giza. 276 00:16:27,880 --> 00:16:30,280 This is very, very big moment for the collection. 277 00:16:30,360 --> 00:16:33,320 This is the final trip of Tutankhamun. 278 00:16:36,480 --> 00:16:38,560 But, with such priceless relics on board, 279 00:16:39,440 --> 00:16:42,600 there's concern the convoy could be a target for a hijacking. 280 00:16:42,680 --> 00:16:46,440 We have a good police and good army. 281 00:16:46,520 --> 00:16:51,280 They will follow us during moving from Luxor until arrive to Cairo. 282 00:16:52,960 --> 00:16:56,040 With security in place, it's time to roll. 283 00:16:56,120 --> 00:16:59,280 ♪ ♪ 284 00:16:59,360 --> 00:17:03,200 They now face a grueling 12-hour journey through the desert 285 00:17:03,760 --> 00:17:06,360 to reach Giza before nightfall. 286 00:17:09,920 --> 00:17:11,960 Ever since Carter's discovery 287 00:17:12,040 --> 00:17:15,400 of Tutankhamun's priceless golden treasures, 288 00:17:15,960 --> 00:17:19,760 archaeologists have continued to try and work out where and how 289 00:17:20,320 --> 00:17:23,760 the ancient Egyptians found vast quantities of gold. 290 00:17:29,400 --> 00:17:32,280 50 miles south of the Valley of the Kings, 291 00:17:32,360 --> 00:17:34,560 on the edge of the Eastern Desert, 292 00:17:37,720 --> 00:17:40,280 French gold expert Thomas Faucher 293 00:17:40,360 --> 00:17:42,440 and archaeologist John Ward 294 00:17:42,520 --> 00:17:46,000 are on the hunt for the origins of Tutankhamun's gold. 295 00:17:46,880 --> 00:17:47,880 So, I'm going to... 296 00:17:47,960 --> 00:17:49,640 What are you waiting for, a traffic signal? 297 00:17:50,960 --> 00:17:53,640 ♪ ♪ 298 00:17:53,720 --> 00:17:59,000 The Eastern Desert covers 85,000 square miles of remote barren wilderness. 299 00:17:59,680 --> 00:18:03,640 Some of the rock here contains tiny grains of gold locked inside. 300 00:18:05,360 --> 00:18:09,160 Thomas has studied ancient gold mining techniques for seven years. 301 00:18:09,240 --> 00:18:12,880 Now, he wants to see if he can find any evidence of it. 302 00:18:14,120 --> 00:18:16,560 But, this part of the desert is a risky place to be. 303 00:18:17,560 --> 00:18:20,120 The thing is we need to leave before dark 304 00:18:20,200 --> 00:18:22,520 because it's not safe if we are staying there 305 00:18:22,600 --> 00:18:25,320 because we can lose our way. We can have an accident, 306 00:18:25,400 --> 00:18:27,440 and it's also at the sunset 307 00:18:27,520 --> 00:18:29,880 that all the snakes are going out. 308 00:18:29,960 --> 00:18:31,920 - Snakes? - Yeah, vipers. 309 00:18:32,000 --> 00:18:33,520 No one told me about... 310 00:18:33,600 --> 00:18:36,120 There are horrid vipers, yeah. 311 00:18:39,520 --> 00:18:41,880 First stop, an ancient well. 312 00:18:42,520 --> 00:18:45,720 It could provide clues to the location of mining communities 313 00:18:45,800 --> 00:18:47,800 during the time of Tutankhamun. 314 00:18:49,480 --> 00:18:52,200 This is the well just right in front of us here. 315 00:18:52,280 --> 00:18:54,480 It's dry! 316 00:18:54,560 --> 00:18:56,400 My God, that's a long way down. 317 00:18:57,720 --> 00:19:00,840 The well might be dry today, but it was so important, 318 00:19:00,920 --> 00:19:03,480 the ancient Egyptians built a temple to honor it. 319 00:19:04,160 --> 00:19:05,880 It's beautiful isn't it? 320 00:19:05,960 --> 00:19:08,400 They actually applied a plaster gyp ceiling, 321 00:19:08,480 --> 00:19:10,480 and then applied the paint. 322 00:19:10,560 --> 00:19:12,040 Amazing. 323 00:19:12,120 --> 00:19:15,160 ♪ ♪ 324 00:19:15,240 --> 00:19:18,200 The text engraved on these walls reveal clues 325 00:19:18,280 --> 00:19:21,280 about the gold miners and where they were heading. 326 00:19:25,240 --> 00:19:28,920 Ancient engineers built a network of wells and rest stops 327 00:19:29,000 --> 00:19:31,880 stretching all the way across the desert, 328 00:19:31,960 --> 00:19:34,440 each a day's walk from the last... 329 00:19:37,280 --> 00:19:40,160 enabling travelers and miners to safely cross 330 00:19:40,240 --> 00:19:42,720 and explore the barren desert. 331 00:19:43,800 --> 00:19:48,280 The temple carvings indicate these wells led towards the mines. 332 00:19:49,520 --> 00:19:52,880 Thomas hopes he will be able to find some evidence of the people 333 00:19:52,960 --> 00:19:56,200 behind Tutankhamun's gold mining operations. 334 00:19:56,280 --> 00:19:58,040 ♪ ♪ 335 00:19:58,520 --> 00:20:01,800 Now, it's time to go deeper East... 336 00:20:03,080 --> 00:20:04,920 Like an ancient treasure map, 337 00:20:05,000 --> 00:20:08,400 they must follow the trail of wells further into the desert. 338 00:20:16,760 --> 00:20:18,120 In Aswan, 339 00:20:18,200 --> 00:20:21,160 at the ancient burial site of Qubbet el-Hawa, 340 00:20:21,240 --> 00:20:25,080 Alejandro is about to open a 4,000-year-old tomb. 341 00:20:25,640 --> 00:20:29,200 They're on the hunt for whatever burial treasure may be inside. 342 00:20:29,280 --> 00:20:32,280 I don't know who is more nervous, me or my team. 343 00:20:38,520 --> 00:20:41,000 I want to go now! 344 00:20:45,000 --> 00:20:46,880 ♪ ♪ 345 00:20:46,960 --> 00:20:48,680 After a year of waiting, 346 00:20:48,760 --> 00:20:51,480 Alejandro can finally enter the tomb. 347 00:20:51,560 --> 00:20:53,240 It's amazing. 348 00:20:54,560 --> 00:20:57,560 It contains a 4,000-year-old coffin. 349 00:20:59,400 --> 00:21:03,360 Workers have inserted a box covered in acid-free paper 350 00:21:03,440 --> 00:21:05,880 inside the coffin to stop it collapsing 351 00:21:05,960 --> 00:21:08,200 while they examine the tomb. 352 00:21:08,280 --> 00:21:11,680 There... We have been very lucky. 353 00:21:12,280 --> 00:21:15,960 It's impossible to explain the feelings that I'm having. 354 00:21:16,040 --> 00:21:19,600 The burial consisted in two coffins, 355 00:21:19,680 --> 00:21:22,920 the outer coffin and the inner coffin. 356 00:21:23,000 --> 00:21:25,400 Among the debris of the outer coffin, 357 00:21:25,480 --> 00:21:28,200 Alejandro spots something extraordinary. 358 00:21:28,280 --> 00:21:31,960 ♪ ♪ 359 00:21:32,040 --> 00:21:35,160 It is full of wooden models, but unfortunately, 360 00:21:35,240 --> 00:21:38,040 the outer coffin fall over them. 361 00:21:38,360 --> 00:21:40,840 The chamber is full of model boats, 362 00:21:40,920 --> 00:21:42,920 similar to the one in Tutankhamun's tomb. 363 00:21:43,680 --> 00:21:46,000 To find this funerary boat 364 00:21:46,080 --> 00:21:48,080 in a tomb is rare today. 365 00:21:49,200 --> 00:21:50,440 But there's not just one. 366 00:21:51,120 --> 00:21:53,960 There's four, complete with crew. 367 00:21:56,120 --> 00:21:59,240 You want to laugh. You want to shout. You want to cry. 368 00:22:01,440 --> 00:22:03,880 This is the first time in 70 years 369 00:22:03,960 --> 00:22:06,960 a set of boats like this have been found. 370 00:22:07,520 --> 00:22:11,320 This discovery gives Alejandro an extremely rare opportunity 371 00:22:11,400 --> 00:22:14,400 to study such important burial goods. 372 00:22:16,840 --> 00:22:19,600 ♪ ♪ 373 00:22:19,680 --> 00:22:23,320 But first, he has to extract them from the tomb safely. 374 00:22:24,080 --> 00:22:27,160 Alejandro calls in his team of conservation specialists, 375 00:22:27,800 --> 00:22:29,240 Sara and Theresa. 376 00:22:29,320 --> 00:22:33,720 Sara: I have 1, 2, 3, 4 boats, 377 00:22:33,800 --> 00:22:36,480 and the conservation is very bad. 378 00:22:38,680 --> 00:22:42,600 Yeah, it's very difficult, and the insects eat the supports. 379 00:22:43,840 --> 00:22:47,040 Termites have attacked the wooden boats. 380 00:22:48,240 --> 00:22:51,760 Sara sprays on a liquid adhesive to hold them together. 381 00:22:53,760 --> 00:22:56,320 So, we will see if they are capable 382 00:22:56,400 --> 00:22:59,360 to make a miracle. 383 00:23:04,520 --> 00:23:07,720 They prepare a foam-lined cradle to support the boat 384 00:23:07,800 --> 00:23:10,480 for the move to the team's restoration lab, 385 00:23:11,840 --> 00:23:14,840 but the wooden hull is stuck to the tomb floor. 386 00:23:15,800 --> 00:23:19,600 It'll require surgical precision using scalpels to free it. 387 00:23:22,120 --> 00:23:24,480 From the tomb to the restoration lab, 388 00:23:24,560 --> 00:23:26,880 we are talking about perhaps 40 meters. 389 00:23:26,960 --> 00:23:29,560 But today's very windy, 390 00:23:29,640 --> 00:23:32,000 which is very, very aggressive. 391 00:23:35,440 --> 00:23:39,120 The ancient boats are extremely fragile. 392 00:23:41,040 --> 00:23:43,520 ♪ ♪ 393 00:23:44,920 --> 00:23:45,920 Get ready. 394 00:23:46,840 --> 00:23:48,480 With a drop in the wind, 395 00:23:48,560 --> 00:23:52,160 the team sees the chance to remove the first boat. 396 00:23:52,240 --> 00:23:53,720 Woman: Be careful! 397 00:24:23,640 --> 00:24:27,200 Wow. That was exciting. 398 00:24:28,320 --> 00:24:31,440 One of the best moments in my career. 399 00:24:31,520 --> 00:24:35,560 We have one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight... 400 00:24:35,640 --> 00:24:37,640 8 person. 401 00:24:39,440 --> 00:24:42,080 Will take many weeks 402 00:24:42,160 --> 00:24:44,720 to clean it and fix the pieces 403 00:24:44,800 --> 00:24:47,760 that were broken... 404 00:24:47,840 --> 00:24:50,280 some centuries ago. 405 00:24:52,480 --> 00:24:55,280 While the team gets to work on the boat, 406 00:24:55,360 --> 00:24:57,880 Alejandro can finally open the coffin 407 00:24:57,960 --> 00:25:01,000 to see who and what is inside. 408 00:25:03,560 --> 00:25:06,560 ♪ ♪ 409 00:25:12,920 --> 00:25:14,920 In the middle of the desert, 410 00:25:15,000 --> 00:25:18,040 the convoy carrying Tutankhamun's priceless treasures 411 00:25:18,120 --> 00:25:20,200 are two hours into their journey 412 00:25:20,280 --> 00:25:22,240 when Eissa spots a problem. 413 00:25:24,160 --> 00:25:26,920 I'm worried about the chariot. 414 00:25:27,720 --> 00:25:32,080 A thermal blanket protecting Tut's golden chariot is coming loose. 415 00:25:32,640 --> 00:25:36,040 If it flies off, it could cause a crash. 416 00:25:37,800 --> 00:25:39,120 We will stop to make it safe. 417 00:25:41,200 --> 00:25:44,640 The unscheduled stop in the desert makes this convoy, 418 00:25:44,720 --> 00:25:47,600 carrying the world's most priceless treasures, 419 00:25:47,680 --> 00:25:49,200 a potential target for hijackers. 420 00:25:53,760 --> 00:25:54,760 ♪ ♪ 421 00:25:58,000 --> 00:26:00,160 ♪ ♪ 422 00:26:00,240 --> 00:26:04,080 Eissa and his team are unable to secure the loose thermal covering 423 00:26:04,160 --> 00:26:06,800 protecting Tut's chariot. 424 00:26:06,880 --> 00:26:09,000 Some problems happen. 425 00:26:11,240 --> 00:26:12,600 Removing the cover, 426 00:26:12,680 --> 00:26:14,760 they risk the scorching desert heat 427 00:26:14,840 --> 00:26:17,320 potentially damaging the priceless treasure. 428 00:26:21,400 --> 00:26:22,800 Everything is okay. 429 00:26:23,240 --> 00:26:26,240 Now, Eissa needs to get the convoy moving. 430 00:26:33,280 --> 00:26:36,920 We hope to arrive to Cairo safely. 431 00:26:41,200 --> 00:26:43,200 ♪ ♪ 432 00:26:48,520 --> 00:26:52,160 In the Valley, Egyptologist Aliaa Ismail is on a mission 433 00:26:52,240 --> 00:26:55,200 to discover how Tutankhamun's tomb and treasures 434 00:26:55,280 --> 00:26:57,760 remained hidden for 3,000 years. 435 00:26:58,960 --> 00:27:00,960 Lot of robberies were going on 436 00:27:01,040 --> 00:27:04,000 in ancient times and modern times, 437 00:27:04,080 --> 00:27:06,560 but it seems that this particular tomb 438 00:27:06,640 --> 00:27:09,800 was not found. How was it not found? 439 00:27:13,280 --> 00:27:17,080 The ancient engineers of Tutankhamun's tomb had a plan. 440 00:27:18,240 --> 00:27:19,920 Inside the mountain, 441 00:27:20,000 --> 00:27:23,240 they went to great lengths to conceal the tomb. 442 00:27:23,320 --> 00:27:27,480 The Pharaoh's burial chamber is located 26 feet underground... 443 00:27:29,760 --> 00:27:32,120 and is defended from the inside out. 444 00:27:34,000 --> 00:27:37,800 Engineers constructed a wall to block off the burial chamber. 445 00:27:39,200 --> 00:27:41,680 They filled the corridor leading to the King 446 00:27:41,760 --> 00:27:45,160 with tons of rubble, before sealing a final doorway 447 00:27:46,600 --> 00:27:48,880 And covering Tutankhamun's tomb 448 00:27:48,960 --> 00:27:51,880 with a vast amount of boulders under earth. 449 00:27:51,960 --> 00:27:54,720 Standard tomb protection of the day. 450 00:27:54,800 --> 00:27:57,280 ♪ ♪ 451 00:27:57,360 --> 00:27:59,800 But when Carter discovered this tomb, 452 00:27:59,880 --> 00:28:03,160 it had more material on top than any other in the Valley. 453 00:28:05,720 --> 00:28:08,440 This may explain how it remained undiscovered 454 00:28:08,520 --> 00:28:10,920 for over 3,000 years. 455 00:28:11,480 --> 00:28:14,800 But, how did this extra rock and debris get here? 456 00:28:18,200 --> 00:28:22,000 Aliaa joins German Geologist Martin Ziegler to investigate. 457 00:28:26,240 --> 00:28:27,680 If you want to understand 458 00:28:27,760 --> 00:28:29,140 the evolution of the Valley of the Kings, 459 00:28:29,160 --> 00:28:31,280 you need to also understand the evolution of the rock. 460 00:28:32,360 --> 00:28:35,120 Martin thinks there could be clues in the rocks at the entrance 461 00:28:35,200 --> 00:28:37,040 of a nearby tomb. 462 00:28:37,120 --> 00:28:40,680 Just at the entrance of it, a slab is just hanging above. 463 00:28:41,120 --> 00:28:43,800 A rock basically could fall out of the cliff. 464 00:28:44,800 --> 00:28:48,560 Egypt is hit with dozens of earthquakes each year. 465 00:28:49,160 --> 00:28:52,560 So, Martin's installed a seismometer to measure any vibrations 466 00:28:52,640 --> 00:28:55,160 that could trigger rockfall. 467 00:28:56,120 --> 00:28:58,360 With this one, we calculate it to be away 468 00:28:58,440 --> 00:29:01,440 about 600 to 700 kilometers from the Valley of the Kings. 469 00:29:01,520 --> 00:29:03,680 What if an earthquake were to happen 470 00:29:03,760 --> 00:29:07,280 much closer to the Valley of the Kings? How would it affect it? 471 00:29:07,360 --> 00:29:11,320 A very big earthquake could destabilize some rock portions. 472 00:29:11,400 --> 00:29:14,600 So, when you look in the history of recorded earthquakes, 473 00:29:14,680 --> 00:29:17,880 the historic timescales, let's say the thousands of years, 474 00:29:17,960 --> 00:29:21,480 we have some records of earthquakes of that type of magnitude. 475 00:29:21,560 --> 00:29:24,880 ♪ ♪ 476 00:29:24,960 --> 00:29:28,880 So, could rockfalls caused by earthquakes 3,000 years ago 477 00:29:29,320 --> 00:29:32,520 account for the extra tons of rock that covered the entrance 478 00:29:32,600 --> 00:29:35,040 to Tutankhamun's tomb? 479 00:29:35,120 --> 00:29:38,040 From the geological past and the historic point of view, 480 00:29:38,120 --> 00:29:39,620 they could have rockfalls or rock slides 481 00:29:39,640 --> 00:29:42,400 that are triggered by earthquakes, covering tombs. 482 00:29:45,280 --> 00:29:48,960 But there are no cliffs directly above Tutankhamun's tomb, 483 00:29:49,680 --> 00:29:52,680 so it wouldn't have been hit by a direct rockfall. 484 00:29:55,080 --> 00:29:58,240 How did so much extra material travel down the valley 485 00:29:58,320 --> 00:30:01,520 and completely cover the entrance to the tomb? 486 00:30:02,240 --> 00:30:06,120 To solve this mystery, Aliaa and Martin must take to the air. 487 00:30:12,600 --> 00:30:14,880 ♪ ♪ 488 00:30:14,960 --> 00:30:16,640 Deep in the Eastern Desert, 489 00:30:16,720 --> 00:30:19,440 Thomas and John are looking for evidence of the miners 490 00:30:19,520 --> 00:30:23,240 who produced the gold for Tutankhamun's treasures. 491 00:30:23,320 --> 00:30:26,080 They're trying to find a route of ancient wells 492 00:30:26,160 --> 00:30:27,960 that the gold miners would have followed 493 00:30:28,040 --> 00:30:29,440 as they traveled to the mines. 494 00:30:29,520 --> 00:30:31,920 It's like looking for a needle in a haystack. 495 00:30:32,000 --> 00:30:34,080 But, I'm losing a few kidneys. 496 00:30:38,360 --> 00:30:41,040 70 miles from the last ancient well, 497 00:30:41,120 --> 00:30:43,360 Thomas and John head into the unknown. 498 00:30:44,160 --> 00:30:46,280 With their GPS broken down, 499 00:30:46,360 --> 00:30:48,760 they now risk getting completely lost. 500 00:30:49,240 --> 00:30:51,320 This piece of technology is defunct. 501 00:30:53,000 --> 00:30:54,000 It is not working. 502 00:30:56,960 --> 00:30:59,960 Look here, it's literally on the right side. 503 00:31:00,040 --> 00:31:02,440 So, we're now at the back end. 504 00:31:02,520 --> 00:31:04,760 So, we need to turn around. 505 00:31:07,000 --> 00:31:09,000 But after two days searching, 506 00:31:09,080 --> 00:31:11,400 John thinks they may have finally found something. 507 00:31:12,840 --> 00:31:15,160 What's that over there? At the base of that mountain there? 508 00:31:16,440 --> 00:31:17,680 So, we found it! 509 00:31:21,000 --> 00:31:22,560 ♪ ♪ 510 00:31:22,640 --> 00:31:24,640 Okay, so it looks that we've found 511 00:31:24,720 --> 00:31:27,600 a very interesting place here. It's a settlement. 512 00:31:28,560 --> 00:31:31,440 It may look like scattered stones and debris, 513 00:31:31,520 --> 00:31:33,800 but to Thomas' expert eye, 514 00:31:33,880 --> 00:31:36,760 he can see the outline of ancient buildings. 515 00:31:36,840 --> 00:31:40,280 We have the huts where the people were living and where they were working. 516 00:31:40,360 --> 00:31:42,760 Yeah, we definitely have here... 517 00:31:43,680 --> 00:31:45,880 - the evidence where... - Oh, Thomas! 518 00:31:45,960 --> 00:31:48,040 I mean, people have been working here and we see, 519 00:31:48,120 --> 00:31:49,720 yeah, there are even more over there. 520 00:31:49,800 --> 00:31:52,080 As they get closer, John spots 521 00:31:52,160 --> 00:31:54,120 the tools the ancient miners would have used 522 00:31:54,200 --> 00:31:56,400 to extract gold from the rocks. 523 00:31:56,480 --> 00:31:57,760 Oh! 524 00:31:57,840 --> 00:31:59,840 Yeah, that's the grinding stone. 525 00:32:01,200 --> 00:32:03,960 - That's a pounder. - Yeah, that's a pounder. Exactly. 526 00:32:04,040 --> 00:32:05,480 That's what they would break... 527 00:32:05,560 --> 00:32:07,320 - Yeah, they would. - The quartz with. 528 00:32:08,480 --> 00:32:11,480 It's the remains of an ancient gold mining camp. 529 00:32:12,280 --> 00:32:14,880 I mean, how many people are we talking, 20, 30? 530 00:32:14,960 --> 00:32:17,440 Yeah, maybe there were families living here. 531 00:32:17,520 --> 00:32:19,520 ♪ ♪ 532 00:32:19,600 --> 00:32:23,240 Thomas has studied ancient mining techniques for years. 533 00:32:23,320 --> 00:32:25,880 But, seeing this evidence first-hand 534 00:32:25,960 --> 00:32:28,360 brings home the hardships the miners endured. 535 00:32:29,680 --> 00:32:31,440 You start from a piece of quartz like this, 536 00:32:31,520 --> 00:32:33,920 and you want to make product out of it. 537 00:32:34,000 --> 00:32:35,960 So, you need to crush it. 538 00:32:36,760 --> 00:32:39,320 You have to imagine how much pain it takes just to break 539 00:32:39,400 --> 00:32:41,960 a single piece of quartz, 540 00:32:42,040 --> 00:32:45,080 doing that like all day long, in the sun, 541 00:32:45,160 --> 00:32:48,760 pounding and pounding and grinding and grinding and doing that for years. 542 00:32:51,560 --> 00:32:53,880 ♪ ♪ 543 00:32:53,960 --> 00:32:57,640 Evidence here paints a picture of the life of desert miners. 544 00:33:00,080 --> 00:33:03,960 They cut shafts stretching up to 10 meters deep into the stone 545 00:33:05,520 --> 00:33:09,320 in search of precious seams of quartz rock that contained gold. 546 00:33:10,920 --> 00:33:14,000 Crushing the quartz was a massive undertaking. 547 00:33:14,080 --> 00:33:17,560 Mining experts have calculated that a team of 20 people 548 00:33:17,640 --> 00:33:21,360 would take a week to process enough stone to make just a spoonful of gold. 549 00:33:24,600 --> 00:33:27,080 - That's heavy. - Seriously. 550 00:33:27,160 --> 00:33:30,960 Sadly, there is very little evidence left of these ancient mines, 551 00:33:31,600 --> 00:33:34,800 but these settlements provide new insight into the communities 552 00:33:34,880 --> 00:33:38,320 that lived such hard lives processing the gold. 553 00:33:38,400 --> 00:33:41,280 We have all the material they were using, for sure, 554 00:33:41,360 --> 00:33:43,680 that they were working here to extract 555 00:33:43,760 --> 00:33:45,520 and process the gold 556 00:33:45,600 --> 00:33:47,960 to send it to the Valley of the Kings. 557 00:33:48,720 --> 00:33:51,120 - We've found it. - We've found it. 558 00:33:54,200 --> 00:33:55,520 ♪ ♪ 559 00:33:55,600 --> 00:33:59,400 In Aswan, Alejandro's team prepares to remove the coffin 560 00:33:59,480 --> 00:34:01,440 from the tomb they've opened. 561 00:34:01,520 --> 00:34:04,960 Inscriptions reveal it belongs to a man called Shemai. 562 00:34:06,040 --> 00:34:08,960 They have just struck the lid of the coffin of Shemai. 563 00:34:10,960 --> 00:34:13,840 Rebecca, you are the first person that is looking 564 00:34:13,920 --> 00:34:17,280 at Shemai's face in 4,000 years! 565 00:34:23,800 --> 00:34:25,480 Congratulations! 566 00:34:28,920 --> 00:34:32,200 The inner coffin is intact, but extremely fragile. 567 00:34:33,160 --> 00:34:35,080 Alejandro's team have reinforced it 568 00:34:35,160 --> 00:34:37,840 to try and protect the mummy inside. 569 00:34:38,560 --> 00:34:41,320 It's difficult to express the feelings that I have now. 570 00:34:41,400 --> 00:34:42,600 It's a special moment 571 00:34:42,920 --> 00:34:46,640 because I'm studying this family, 572 00:34:46,720 --> 00:34:49,880 and it's almost my second family. 573 00:34:53,960 --> 00:34:56,880 ♪ ♪ 574 00:34:59,720 --> 00:35:01,040 In the restoration lab, 575 00:35:01,120 --> 00:35:03,400 the intricate beauty of the model boats 576 00:35:03,480 --> 00:35:05,600 is starting to appear. 577 00:35:06,320 --> 00:35:08,800 Termites have eaten much of the wood, 578 00:35:10,720 --> 00:35:14,480 but their excrement has actually helped hold parts of the boats together 579 00:35:14,560 --> 00:35:15,960 for thousands of years. 580 00:35:16,520 --> 00:35:18,360 We have some parts that are still 581 00:35:18,440 --> 00:35:21,120 in a very good state of conservation. 582 00:35:21,200 --> 00:35:23,240 This head of the man, 583 00:35:23,320 --> 00:35:25,960 it is covered with excrement of the termites, 584 00:35:26,040 --> 00:35:29,080 but the wood is still visible. 585 00:35:30,440 --> 00:35:34,280 Alejandro has spotted a figure distinct from the other carvings. 586 00:35:35,640 --> 00:35:37,000 We can see 587 00:35:37,080 --> 00:35:38,360 in the middle of the boat, 588 00:35:38,440 --> 00:35:42,240 yellow face, which belongs to a mummy, 589 00:35:42,320 --> 00:35:45,320 which would represent Shemai. 590 00:35:46,280 --> 00:35:49,720 This exceptional discovery will help archaeologists 591 00:35:49,800 --> 00:35:51,440 understand the evolution 592 00:35:51,520 --> 00:35:54,520 of burial practices in ancient Egypt. 593 00:35:54,600 --> 00:35:57,320 ♪ ♪ 594 00:35:58,600 --> 00:36:02,320 I was dreaming always to discover something like this, 595 00:36:02,800 --> 00:36:06,480 and it's a dream that came truth. 596 00:36:08,480 --> 00:36:10,480 Alejandro's next task 597 00:36:10,560 --> 00:36:13,320 is to bring Shemai's mummy above ground 598 00:36:13,400 --> 00:36:16,840 for the first time in 4,000 years. 599 00:36:19,080 --> 00:36:21,080 ♪ ♪ 600 00:36:26,000 --> 00:36:29,880 ♪ ♪ 601 00:36:31,000 --> 00:36:32,400 In the Valley of the Kings, 602 00:36:32,800 --> 00:36:34,440 Aliaa and Martin look for clues 603 00:36:34,520 --> 00:36:36,920 to explain why Tutankhamun's tomb 604 00:36:37,000 --> 00:36:39,080 remained hidden for so long. 605 00:36:41,600 --> 00:36:43,760 They've got special permission from the government 606 00:36:43,840 --> 00:36:48,760 to use a drone to get a unique perspective on the position of Tutankhamun's tomb. 607 00:36:48,840 --> 00:36:49,840 Here we go. 608 00:36:53,040 --> 00:36:54,480 If you look down, 609 00:36:54,560 --> 00:36:58,960 we should be over the Tutankhamun entrance right now. 610 00:37:07,320 --> 00:37:09,560 Now, we can see the cliffs in the back, 611 00:37:09,640 --> 00:37:13,120 and we can see the central position of the tomb. 612 00:37:15,440 --> 00:37:17,520 And above, we can see debris. 613 00:37:19,080 --> 00:37:23,280 Loose rock and debris cover the cliffs behind Tut's tomb. 614 00:37:24,880 --> 00:37:27,600 But the drone also reveals these flood channels, 615 00:37:27,680 --> 00:37:31,040 carved into the rock by heavy rains over thousands of years, 616 00:37:32,160 --> 00:37:35,160 and that could be the vital missing clue. 617 00:37:36,400 --> 00:37:38,440 We think that if we have flash flooding, 618 00:37:38,520 --> 00:37:42,040 that material can flow down in these kinds of channels. 619 00:37:42,120 --> 00:37:45,120 ♪ ♪ 620 00:37:45,640 --> 00:37:49,480 Throughout history, the Valley has been hit by earthquakes, 621 00:37:49,560 --> 00:37:51,560 and occasional flash floods. 622 00:37:53,360 --> 00:37:57,160 The flood waters push rubble downhill toward the tombs. 623 00:38:01,240 --> 00:38:03,600 Tutankhamun's tomb lies in the spot 624 00:38:03,680 --> 00:38:05,680 where the channels of water converge... 625 00:38:08,840 --> 00:38:10,840 And dump tons of rock. 626 00:38:15,400 --> 00:38:19,440 This, combined with stone chippings from a tomb built above, 627 00:38:19,520 --> 00:38:22,640 buried the entrance deeper 628 00:38:22,720 --> 00:38:26,200 and kept it hidden for over 3,000 years. 629 00:38:28,720 --> 00:38:31,600 It's very exciting for me, as an Egyptologist, 630 00:38:31,680 --> 00:38:34,200 to see Tutankhamun's tomb from up here 631 00:38:34,280 --> 00:38:37,480 and see how it fits within the valley. 632 00:38:37,560 --> 00:38:41,360 It is the prime location. It is the one that was most protected. 633 00:38:41,440 --> 00:38:43,960 He got the most sheltered tomb of all. 634 00:38:46,120 --> 00:38:47,920 Tutankhamun was a boy king 635 00:38:48,000 --> 00:38:50,840 who played a minor role in Egypt's history. 636 00:38:52,280 --> 00:38:55,720 But because his tomb remained hidden for thousands of years, 637 00:38:57,000 --> 00:38:59,520 his treasure was kept safe from robbers 638 00:38:59,600 --> 00:39:02,600 and made him the legend we know today. 639 00:39:04,840 --> 00:39:07,840 ♪ ♪ 640 00:39:12,080 --> 00:39:14,440 In Aswan, the team are bringing the mummy 641 00:39:14,520 --> 00:39:18,160 of ancient Egyptian Shemai to the surface for the first time 642 00:39:18,240 --> 00:39:20,240 in 4,000 years. 643 00:39:28,520 --> 00:39:31,200 This is the culmination of 10 years of field work 644 00:39:31,280 --> 00:39:33,040 for Alejandro, 645 00:39:33,120 --> 00:39:35,000 and an incredible opportunity 646 00:39:35,080 --> 00:39:37,400 to learn more about Shemai. 647 00:39:48,640 --> 00:39:50,360 Oh. 648 00:39:50,720 --> 00:39:52,760 125. 649 00:39:52,840 --> 00:39:53,920 It's quite short. 650 00:39:54,000 --> 00:39:56,440 ♪ ♪ 651 00:39:56,520 --> 00:39:58,600 My daughter is more or less like this, 652 00:39:58,680 --> 00:40:00,680 and she's 8 years old, so... 653 00:40:02,760 --> 00:40:04,880 I expected that... 654 00:40:04,960 --> 00:40:06,400 at least... 655 00:40:06,480 --> 00:40:08,960 he would be around 20 years old or something. 656 00:40:10,200 --> 00:40:11,600 It has been a surprise. 657 00:40:11,680 --> 00:40:14,520 I never expected that... 658 00:40:14,840 --> 00:40:17,320 he could be just a boy. 659 00:40:19,200 --> 00:40:23,000 On his coffin, it was written that he was... 660 00:40:23,080 --> 00:40:26,920 the person in charge of the administration of the store. 661 00:40:27,960 --> 00:40:30,880 Controlling the store, you control the people 662 00:40:30,960 --> 00:40:34,800 because you decide who is going to receive food or not. 663 00:40:35,920 --> 00:40:38,120 This new evidence reveals Shemai 664 00:40:38,200 --> 00:40:42,240 held a powerful position in Egyptian Society at a very young age. 665 00:40:43,520 --> 00:40:45,640 He may not have been a Pharaoh, 666 00:40:45,720 --> 00:40:47,600 but like the boy King Tutankhamun, 667 00:40:48,360 --> 00:40:51,440 his status afforded him a tomb and burial goods 668 00:40:51,520 --> 00:40:54,520 to ensure a safe passage into the afterlife. 669 00:40:59,760 --> 00:41:02,240 ♪ ♪ 670 00:41:02,320 --> 00:41:05,000 It's taken 12 hours, but finally, 671 00:41:05,080 --> 00:41:07,400 Eissa and his convoy of Tutankhamun's treasures 672 00:41:07,480 --> 00:41:10,040 arrives in the city. 673 00:41:14,680 --> 00:41:18,800 Now we are in Cairo, welcomed by crowded traffic. 674 00:41:27,000 --> 00:41:28,640 Very, very, very exciting. 675 00:41:29,000 --> 00:41:31,120 We wait for this moment. 676 00:41:33,440 --> 00:41:36,160 Tarek Tawfik, the Museum Director, 677 00:41:36,240 --> 00:41:39,080 is anxious to get everything safely inside. 678 00:41:43,600 --> 00:41:46,880 The first cradles have to be taken out, 679 00:41:46,960 --> 00:41:50,400 in order for the Tutankhamun pieces to start emerging. 680 00:41:55,200 --> 00:41:57,560 Now, I can say I'm very, very happy. 681 00:41:57,640 --> 00:41:59,040 Mission is complete, yes. 682 00:42:00,080 --> 00:42:03,320 It will be like unpacking Christmas presents. 683 00:42:04,040 --> 00:42:05,600 When we get out these pieces 684 00:42:05,680 --> 00:42:08,400 and find out more details about 685 00:42:08,480 --> 00:42:12,360 how they compliment the whole story of King Tutankhamun. 686 00:42:13,360 --> 00:42:15,440 ♪ ♪ 687 00:42:16,520 --> 00:42:19,800 Eissa's team can finally unpack the priceless treasures. 688 00:42:25,120 --> 00:42:28,560 Scientists and Egyptologists can now begin to study 689 00:42:28,640 --> 00:42:31,440 and analyze each item in their new high-tech lab. 690 00:42:34,200 --> 00:42:37,360 Top of the list is the newly discovered boat pieces. 691 00:42:40,200 --> 00:42:42,640 We'll check now in our database 692 00:42:42,720 --> 00:42:45,960 which of them maybe related to any of the boats in the storeroom. 693 00:42:47,920 --> 00:42:50,160 For almost 100 years, 694 00:42:50,240 --> 00:42:53,120 the boat that was buried alongside Tutankhamun, 695 00:42:53,200 --> 00:42:55,320 to help him travel into the afterlife, 696 00:42:55,400 --> 00:42:57,960 has been missing its mast. 697 00:43:07,280 --> 00:43:08,760 Exactly. 698 00:43:09,440 --> 00:43:12,440 ♪ ♪ 699 00:43:22,280 --> 00:43:23,880 It is very beautiful. 700 00:43:26,680 --> 00:43:29,200 It's amazing that after all these years, 701 00:43:29,280 --> 00:43:31,360 we still have new discoveries 702 00:43:31,440 --> 00:43:33,640 and new secrets for this... 703 00:43:33,720 --> 00:43:36,680 golden King, Tutankhamun. 704 00:43:38,720 --> 00:43:41,000 100 years after its discovery, 705 00:43:41,080 --> 00:43:43,040 Tutankhamun's stunning treasure 706 00:43:43,120 --> 00:43:45,000 is still surprising the world. 707 00:43:48,160 --> 00:43:49,960 And the Valley of the Kings 708 00:43:50,040 --> 00:43:53,160 shows why it remains the greatest place on Earth 709 00:43:53,240 --> 00:43:56,920 to hunt for the secrets of Egypt's famous Pharaohs. 710 00:43:57,000 --> 00:43:59,000 ♪ ♪ 711 00:44:07,360 --> 00:44:09,360 Captioned by Point.360 52528

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