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That memory of going to
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arlington to bury one of my
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officers from the c.i.a.,
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elizabeth hanson, is one that
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will be with me for a long time.
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they put their lives on the line
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to serve this country, and
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that's what elizabeth hanson
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did.
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i knew that the c.i.a. officers
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were there because i ordered
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them to be there.
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i had to bear some of the
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responsibility for having taken
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this risk.
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initial reports indicate the
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bomber was being recruited by
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the c.i.a. as a source.
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this was the worst, single
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loss of life for the c.i.a.
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since 1983, when a truck bomber
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blew up the american embassy.
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this person obviously turned
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out to be a double agent and had
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blown himself up, as well as our
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officers.
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it's hard to find the words when
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suddenly you're told that seven
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of your officers have been
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killed and others seriously
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wounded.
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what went through my mind was
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the families out there who,
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within a few hours, were going
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to be informed that someone
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who... who they loved had been
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killed.
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we spent a lot of time trying to
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figure out who were the ones who
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pushed that button.
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we have a lot of sources that we
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rely on, spies.
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and so we immediately asked the
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question, "who the hell was
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involved in this tragic suicide
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bombing?"
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we were able to get pretty good
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intelligence.
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and so, we knew who the
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individual was.
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this was a bad guy, and he was
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clearly a leader.
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had been involved not only in
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going after our officers, but in
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killing members of our own
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forces in afghanistan.
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and it was on the day of
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elizabeth hanson's funeral that
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i got a call from our operations
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center.
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they thought they had pretty
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good information about where
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this individual was.
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unfortunately, this individual
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had family and wife and children
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around him, and so one of the
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tough questions was, you know,
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"what should we do?"
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standby.
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do not engage.
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do not engage the mosque.
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roger.
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if there were women and
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children in the shot, we
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normally would not
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take the shot.
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i remember calling the white
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house, and they were aware how
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tough a decision this is and
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basically said, "look, you know,
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you're going to have to make a
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judgment here."
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so i knew at that point that it
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was a decision that i was going
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to have to make.
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i mean, i'm the one who's going
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to have to say hail marys here.
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i was raised a catholic, i
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believe in my faith, and i rely
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a great deal on my faith
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throughout my life.
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i've always carried a rosary and
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always said a hell of a lot of
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hail marys in tough situations.
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and suddenly, you know, i found
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that i was making decisions on
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life and death as director, and
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those decisions are never easy,
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and frankly they shouldn't be
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easy.
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i felt it was really important
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in that job to do what i could
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to protect this country, so i
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passed on the word.
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i said, if you can isolate the
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individual and take the shot
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without impacting on women or
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children, then do it.
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but if you have no alternative
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and it looks like he might get
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away, then take the shot.
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let's go.
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roll it in.
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wildfire, we're cleared on the
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building.
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we're cleared on the big
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square building.
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go ahead and level it.
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roger that.
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yeah, direct hits right there.
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and it did involve collateral
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damage, but we got him.
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it's done.
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these are tough decisions,
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and you're damn right, they are
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tough decisions.
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but, you know, this is a war.
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this is a war.
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9/11, these people didn't
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hesitate a moment to kill 3,000
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people and take down the trade
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centers and hit the pentagon.
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these are individuals that would
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not hesitate to attack us again.
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in the end, what you do i think
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has to be based on what your
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guts tell you is right.
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that's really what it's all
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about.
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you have to be true to yourself
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as to what you think is right
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and hope that ultimately god
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agrees with you.
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narrator: inside the c.i.a...
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i'm forced to make decisions
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every day.
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narrator: director john
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brennan carries the burden of
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command.
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a lot of decisions that we
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recognize have risks associated
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with them, significant risks
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that sometimes can result in
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deaths.
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the c.i.a.'s actions a decade
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ago are a stain on our value and
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on our history.
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you can't claim that tying
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someone to the floor and having
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them freeze to death is not
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torture.
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torture was what the al qaeda
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terrorists did to 3,000
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americans on 9/11.
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i wish the world were
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simpler.
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i wish we didn't have these
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complex challenges that we face
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where there is not a right and
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wrong answer, where it's not
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black and white.
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on those days when i'm thinking
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about the things that worry me
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most, there is the biological
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agent, there is the devastating
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strategic type of terrorist
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attack, because we know that
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these individuals are so
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determined to cause as much
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havoc and destruction and death
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as possible.
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how do you deal with this
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phenomenon that we're facing as
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far as terrorism, like isis and
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their wanton, murderous
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activities?
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isis rules with brutality and
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fear, publicly executing those
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who offend its strict version of
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islamic law.
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well, we can let these
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terrorist organitions thrive
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and not take action against
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them, or we can try to take
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action that's going to disrupt
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their plans.
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narrator: in a conflict
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against a ruthless enemy, what
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are the rules for america's
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spymasters?
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go for the vehicle.
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you are now free to engage the
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moving vehicle.
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narrator: does the c.i.a. go
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too far...
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(unintelligible commands)
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narrator: ...or not far
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enough?
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killing people, no matter how
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bad they are, is not something
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that should ever rest easily in
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anybody's soul or in anybody's
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brain.
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sometimes i think we get
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ourselves into a frenzy, into
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believing that killing is the
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only answer to a problem.
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and the truth is, it's not.
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narrator: only 12 men alive
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today have made the
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life-and-death decisions that
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come with running the world's
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most powerful intelligence
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agency.
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let me bare my soul just a
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little bit more.
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narrator: the keepers of
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america's secrets,
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the spymasters and their top
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operatives share their
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convictions and, for the first
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time, their passionate
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disagreements, about the
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agency's past, its current
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mission and its future.
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it is a battle for the soul of
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the c.i.a.
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when you're confronting an
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enemy that's prepared to blow up
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and kill innocent men, women and
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children, you have to go at them
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using the capabilities that we
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have.
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for me, that's the basic rule:
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do we protect our people or do
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we not protect them?
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narrator: did the white house
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ignore the c.i.a.'s warnings
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about 911?
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3,000 americans had been
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killed.
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there was an emotional piece of
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this because we had woken up
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every day of our lives trying to
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stop what just had happened.
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narrator: what's fair game
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against terrorists hell-bent on
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attacking us again?
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black sites, indefinite
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detention?
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you're director of central
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intelligence and somebody comes
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forward and says to you, "we got
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these bad guys, we know they're
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bad guys.
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what would you like us to do
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with them?"
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well, the old traditional way
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would have been to put them in
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the back of the truck and shoot
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them.
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well, that's not a very good
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idea, is it?
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narrator: are brutal
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interrogation techniques ever
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acceptable?
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the senate report has
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publicly revealed graphic new
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details.
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...and the report says
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detainees were kept in total
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darkness, shackled to the wall
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in 45-degree temperatures.
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we were asked to do some very
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hard things.
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are we happy we did them?
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of course not.
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would we do them again?
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i would hope so if we found
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00:12:58,312 --> 00:12:59,080
ourselves in those
291
00:12:59,080 --> 00:13:02,750
circumstances.
292
00:13:02,750 --> 00:13:05,219
i just don't think a country
293
00:13:05,219 --> 00:13:09,289
like ours should be culpable of
294
00:13:09,289 --> 00:13:11,691
conducting torture.
295
00:13:11,691 --> 00:13:14,995
i just think it's beneath our
296
00:13:14,995 --> 00:13:16,062
dignity.
297
00:13:16,062 --> 00:13:17,964
i think it's poor for our
298
00:13:17,964 --> 00:13:22,369
reputation and the world.
299
00:13:22,369 --> 00:13:23,603
i'm not going to ever accept
300
00:13:23,603 --> 00:13:25,038
the use of the word "torture" in
301
00:13:25,038 --> 00:13:26,972
front of what happened here.
302
00:13:26,972 --> 00:13:31,110
i'm not going to fall to that.
303
00:13:31,110 --> 00:13:32,378
narrator: has the c.i.a.
304
00:13:32,378 --> 00:13:35,080
become a secret army, a killing
305
00:13:35,080 --> 00:13:38,317
machine?
306
00:13:38,317 --> 00:13:39,184
you're sitting there in the
307
00:13:39,184 --> 00:13:41,387
middle of nowhere in nevada, and
308
00:13:41,387 --> 00:13:43,622
you're looking at a screen that
309
00:13:43,622 --> 00:13:46,057
is televising what looks for all
310
00:13:46,057 --> 00:13:48,326
the world like a big video game.
311
00:13:48,326 --> 00:13:51,062
and push a button and a pickup
312
00:13:51,062 --> 00:13:53,031
truck explodes half a world
313
00:13:53,031 --> 00:13:57,101
away.
314
00:13:57,101 --> 00:13:58,536
i mean, if they're bad guys
315
00:13:58,536 --> 00:14:00,405
and they're doing us harm,
316
00:14:00,405 --> 00:14:02,774
i have no problem with that.
317
00:14:02,774 --> 00:14:07,244
now the dark side.
318
00:14:07,244 --> 00:14:08,845
you know, you can't be perfect.
319
00:14:08,845 --> 00:14:11,114
there is collateral damage.
320
00:14:11,114 --> 00:14:13,717
(crying)
321
00:14:21,792 --> 00:14:29,265
we feed the jihadi
322
00:14:29,265 --> 00:14:32,201
recruitment video that these
323
00:14:32,201 --> 00:14:36,939
americans are heartless killers.
324
00:14:36,939 --> 00:14:39,542
we may have to use these
325
00:14:39,542 --> 00:14:42,577
kinds of weapons, but, in the
326
00:14:42,577 --> 00:14:43,912
end, let me tell you
327
00:14:43,912 --> 00:14:46,948
something--if we fail to do this
328
00:14:46,948 --> 00:14:49,751
and god forbid this country
329
00:14:49,751 --> 00:14:53,121
faced another 9/11, you know
330
00:14:53,121 --> 00:14:54,255
what the first question would
331
00:14:54,255 --> 00:14:56,458
be: why the hell did you let
332
00:14:56,458 --> 00:14:57,959
this happen?
333
00:14:57,959 --> 00:14:59,593
why the hell did you let this
334
00:14:59,593 --> 00:15:01,595
happen?
335
00:15:09,670 --> 00:15:17,711
if you are a terrorism
336
00:15:21,381 --> 00:15:24,050
analyst for long enough, you
337
00:15:24,050 --> 00:15:26,019
will have many moments where you
338
00:15:26,019 --> 00:15:30,757
will feel responsible.
339
00:15:30,757 --> 00:15:32,992
responsible for not having
340
00:15:32,992 --> 00:15:34,927
stayed long enough, not having
341
00:15:34,927 --> 00:15:36,762
stayed late enough, not having
342
00:15:36,762 --> 00:15:38,330
thought hard enough.
343
00:15:38,330 --> 00:15:40,332
not having plowed through enough
344
00:15:40,332 --> 00:15:43,368
data to connect those proverbial
345
00:15:43,368 --> 00:15:44,436
dots.
346
00:15:44,436 --> 00:15:46,772
and you'll see on the other end
347
00:15:46,772 --> 00:15:49,374
of that individuals who are hurt
348
00:15:49,374 --> 00:15:52,444
or killed.
349
00:15:56,313 --> 00:15:58,816
i gave birth to my first son in
350
00:15:58,816 --> 00:16:00,418
what was a very emergency
351
00:16:00,418 --> 00:16:01,118
c-section.
352
00:16:01,118 --> 00:16:03,287
he was quite early.
353
00:16:03,287 --> 00:16:05,556
i was lying down in my hospital
354
00:16:05,556 --> 00:16:06,257
bed, still trying to get over
355
00:16:06,257 --> 00:16:08,859
some of the pain.
356
00:16:08,859 --> 00:16:11,362
my phone rang, and i heard my
357
00:16:11,362 --> 00:16:13,030
boss screaming on the other end,
358
00:16:13,030 --> 00:16:14,297
"your people did this, your
359
00:16:14,297 --> 00:16:16,266
people did this."
360
00:16:16,266 --> 00:16:17,400
and i had no idea what she was
361
00:16:17,400 --> 00:16:19,102
talking about, but i knew she
362
00:16:19,102 --> 00:16:20,136
meant something bad had
363
00:16:20,136 --> 00:16:23,540
happened.
364
00:16:23,540 --> 00:16:25,675
and i turned on the television,
365
00:16:25,675 --> 00:16:27,644
and i saw, and i knew what she
366
00:16:27,644 --> 00:16:28,545
meant.
367
00:16:28,545 --> 00:16:31,181
narrator: february 26, 1993.
368
00:16:31,181 --> 00:16:32,347
we heard a tremendous
369
00:16:32,347 --> 00:16:33,382
explosion.
370
00:16:33,382 --> 00:16:34,249
the entire building.
371
00:16:34,249 --> 00:16:34,950
narrator: in an underground
372
00:16:34,950 --> 00:16:37,419
garage in new york city, a van
373
00:16:37,419 --> 00:16:39,655
packed with explosives
374
00:16:39,655 --> 00:16:43,058
detonates, killing six people
375
00:16:43,058 --> 00:16:44,426
and injuring more than a
376
00:16:44,426 --> 00:16:45,828
thousand.
377
00:16:45,828 --> 00:16:47,963
it would be the first attack on
378
00:16:47,963 --> 00:16:49,164
the world trade center.
379
00:16:49,164 --> 00:16:50,265
the fact is, at this hour,
380
00:16:50,265 --> 00:16:52,066
police simply don't know who did
381
00:16:52,066 --> 00:16:56,037
this or why.
382
00:16:56,037 --> 00:16:57,405
the big message that comes
383
00:16:57,405 --> 00:16:59,674
out of the 1993 trade center
384
00:16:59,674 --> 00:17:02,910
bombing is that a threshold has
385
00:17:02,910 --> 00:17:03,845
been crossed.
386
00:17:03,845 --> 00:17:05,847
they've hit us here.
387
00:17:05,847 --> 00:17:07,782
but you know, thinking back on
388
00:17:07,782 --> 00:17:09,783
it, i'm not sure that message
389
00:17:09,783 --> 00:17:11,751
was as powerfully absorbed as we
390
00:17:11,751 --> 00:17:14,588
can see it in retrospect.
391
00:17:14,588 --> 00:17:15,322
narrator: the trail would
392
00:17:15,322 --> 00:17:16,857
lead to a shadowy network of
393
00:17:16,857 --> 00:17:18,892
jihadists in afghanistan that
394
00:17:18,892 --> 00:17:20,660
the world would come to know as
395
00:17:20,660 --> 00:17:22,562
al qaeda, and a charismatic
396
00:17:22,562 --> 00:17:24,564
saudi multi-millionaire.
397
00:17:24,564 --> 00:17:26,633
i had likened osama bin laden
398
00:17:26,633 --> 00:17:28,968
at the time to-- i know this is
399
00:17:28,968 --> 00:17:30,369
horrible to say, but to donald
400
00:17:30,369 --> 00:17:31,604
trump.
401
00:17:31,604 --> 00:17:32,605
you know, he was like the donald
402
00:17:32,605 --> 00:17:33,606
trump of the terrorism
403
00:17:33,606 --> 00:17:34,273
underworld.
404
00:17:34,273 --> 00:17:36,342
he had the wherewithal and a
405
00:17:36,342 --> 00:17:37,643
vision that was clearly
406
00:17:37,643 --> 00:17:38,811
controversial and different from
407
00:17:38,811 --> 00:17:40,179
everybody else, but, you know,
408
00:17:40,179 --> 00:17:41,914
the tenacity to follow it.
409
00:17:41,914 --> 00:17:43,649
i definitely drew a lot of
410
00:17:43,649 --> 00:17:45,484
snickers from my... from my
411
00:17:45,484 --> 00:17:46,985
colleagues who thought i was
412
00:17:46,985 --> 00:17:48,186
making a mountain out of a
413
00:17:48,186 --> 00:17:49,787
molehill and blowing him out of
414
00:17:49,787 --> 00:17:52,257
proportion.
415
00:17:52,257 --> 00:17:56,494
narrator: august 7, 1998.
416
00:17:56,494 --> 00:17:58,630
suicide truck bombers strike
417
00:17:58,630 --> 00:18:00,865
american embassies in tanzania
418
00:18:00,865 --> 00:18:04,202
and kenya, east africa.
419
00:18:04,202 --> 00:18:08,005
224 people lie dead, two of them
420
00:18:08,005 --> 00:18:11,141
c.i.a. officers.
421
00:18:11,141 --> 00:18:12,276
after the east africa
422
00:18:12,276 --> 00:18:13,911
bombings, i sat at home and
423
00:18:13,911 --> 00:18:15,913
furiously drafted a memo called
424
00:18:15,913 --> 00:18:18,282
"we're at war."
425
00:18:18,282 --> 00:18:20,584
enough swatting at flies; we
426
00:18:20,584 --> 00:18:21,885
need to put a worldwide plan in
427
00:18:21,885 --> 00:18:24,086
place where we can start
428
00:18:24,086 --> 00:18:25,988
demonstrating that we can
429
00:18:25,988 --> 00:18:27,423
penetrate this adversary, get
430
00:18:27,423 --> 00:18:28,958
into the sanctuary, penetrate
431
00:18:28,958 --> 00:18:31,160
his major operational hubs and
432
00:18:31,160 --> 00:18:33,429
set us up for really providing
433
00:18:33,429 --> 00:18:34,964
policymakers with hard
434
00:18:34,964 --> 00:18:36,432
intelligence with which they
435
00:18:36,432 --> 00:18:39,769
could make decisions.
436
00:18:42,637 --> 00:18:44,406
narrator: cofer black, a
437
00:18:44,406 --> 00:18:46,608
legendary operative, had escaped
438
00:18:46,608 --> 00:18:48,343
an assassination attempt by al
439
00:18:48,343 --> 00:18:53,848
qaeda while serving in khartoum.
440
00:18:53,848 --> 00:18:55,083
the first week that i was in
441
00:18:55,083 --> 00:18:56,518
the counterterrorism center, new
442
00:18:56,518 --> 00:18:58,820
chief comes in, and they stick
443
00:18:58,820 --> 00:19:00,055
you in a conference room, and
444
00:19:00,055 --> 00:19:01,789
people start coming in and
445
00:19:01,789 --> 00:19:02,923
briefing you on all their areas
446
00:19:02,923 --> 00:19:04,792
of activity.
447
00:19:04,792 --> 00:19:06,093
i don't shock easy, but i was
448
00:19:06,093 --> 00:19:07,328
shocked.
449
00:19:07,328 --> 00:19:09,063
this was a wave of threats
450
00:19:09,063 --> 00:19:10,931
coming at the united states.
451
00:19:10,931 --> 00:19:13,234
there was no doubt in my mind
452
00:19:13,234 --> 00:19:15,369
that the united states was going
453
00:19:15,369 --> 00:19:17,171
to be struck and struck hard.
454
00:19:17,171 --> 00:19:18,339
lots of americans were going to
455
00:19:18,339 --> 00:19:21,674
die.
456
00:19:21,674 --> 00:19:22,976
sandy berger, the national
457
00:19:22,976 --> 00:19:24,444
security advisor at the end of
458
00:19:24,444 --> 00:19:25,478
the clinton administration,
459
00:19:25,478 --> 00:19:26,846
asked us for a very important
460
00:19:26,846 --> 00:19:28,181
piece of paper.
461
00:19:28,181 --> 00:19:29,415
we called it the "blue sky
462
00:19:29,415 --> 00:19:31,017
paper."
463
00:19:31,017 --> 00:19:34,053
he said, "i want you to imagine
464
00:19:34,053 --> 00:19:35,321
that you had all the authorities
465
00:19:35,321 --> 00:19:37,689
you needed and all the resources
466
00:19:37,689 --> 00:19:38,790
you needed to take down al
467
00:19:38,790 --> 00:19:39,124
qaeda.
468
00:19:39,124 --> 00:19:40,525
what would you do?"
469
00:19:40,525 --> 00:19:41,994
getting into the afghan
470
00:19:41,994 --> 00:19:42,995
sanctuary, launching a
471
00:19:42,995 --> 00:19:44,730
paramilitary operation-- we knew
472
00:19:44,730 --> 00:19:46,498
exactly what to do.
473
00:19:46,498 --> 00:19:48,166
we were ready to do it.
474
00:19:48,166 --> 00:19:51,136
the important part is, no
475
00:19:51,136 --> 00:19:52,771
action was taken.
476
00:19:52,771 --> 00:19:55,941
it was not advanced.
477
00:19:55,941 --> 00:19:57,108
narrator: as al qaeda grows
478
00:19:57,108 --> 00:19:59,143
more lethal, c.i.a. director
479
00:19:59,143 --> 00:20:01,245
george tenet faces a test that
480
00:20:01,245 --> 00:20:02,880
will define his place in
481
00:20:02,880 --> 00:20:05,850
history: can the c.i.a. stop bin
482
00:20:05,850 --> 00:20:08,586
laden before he strikes the
483
00:20:08,586 --> 00:20:13,858
united states again?
484
00:20:13,858 --> 00:20:16,393
on september 28, 2000, we
485
00:20:16,393 --> 00:20:18,428
were testing drones over
486
00:20:18,428 --> 00:20:20,797
afghanistan when we saw a very
487
00:20:20,797 --> 00:20:24,834
tall man in white robes who we
488
00:20:24,834 --> 00:20:27,437
assumed at the time was bin
489
00:20:27,437 --> 00:20:32,042
laden.
490
00:20:32,042 --> 00:20:34,076
i mean, i love this.
491
00:20:34,076 --> 00:20:36,078
this is such a washington thing.
492
00:20:36,078 --> 00:20:38,380
our instructions were to capture
493
00:20:38,380 --> 00:20:39,448
him, and that's what we
494
00:20:39,448 --> 00:20:41,016
attempted to do.
495
00:20:41,016 --> 00:20:41,917
and the difference between
496
00:20:41,917 --> 00:20:44,019
capturing, i would think, and
497
00:20:44,019 --> 00:20:46,221
the alternative is significant.
498
00:20:46,221 --> 00:20:47,856
and the gap is large.
499
00:20:47,856 --> 00:20:49,491
killing bin laden in the time
500
00:20:49,491 --> 00:20:51,260
period we operated was never an
501
00:20:51,260 --> 00:20:53,094
option because the attorney
502
00:20:53,094 --> 00:20:54,562
general of the united states
503
00:20:54,562 --> 00:20:57,665
could only be killed in theat he
504
00:20:57,665 --> 00:21:00,101
context of a capture operation.
505
00:21:00,101 --> 00:21:01,669
did you tell the white house,
506
00:21:01,669 --> 00:21:05,373
did you tell janet reno, "look,
507
00:21:05,373 --> 00:21:07,208
you don't get it.
508
00:21:07,208 --> 00:21:08,676
we have to kill this guy.
509
00:21:08,676 --> 00:21:10,278
we have to take him down"?
510
00:21:10,278 --> 00:21:11,411
no.
511
00:21:11,411 --> 00:21:12,979
i'll tell you why.
512
00:21:12,979 --> 00:21:14,448
i have an institutional
513
00:21:14,448 --> 00:21:16,516
responsibility; i play in a
514
00:21:16,516 --> 00:21:17,751
process where the president of
515
00:21:17,751 --> 00:21:18,952
the united states and the
516
00:21:18,952 --> 00:21:20,520
attorney general have to accept
517
00:21:20,520 --> 00:21:21,922
responsibility for the actions
518
00:21:21,922 --> 00:21:26,360
we're going to take.
519
00:21:26,360 --> 00:21:27,427
narrator: but the east africa
520
00:21:27,427 --> 00:21:29,929
bombings in 1998 had changed the
521
00:21:29,929 --> 00:21:31,263
calculus for president bill
522
00:21:31,263 --> 00:21:33,366
clinton.
523
00:21:33,366 --> 00:21:34,800
he launched cruise missile
524
00:21:34,800 --> 00:21:36,369
strikes in an effort to kill bin
525
00:21:36,369 --> 00:21:39,905
laden, but they missed.
526
00:21:39,905 --> 00:21:41,640
the clinton administration
527
00:21:41,640 --> 00:21:43,809
spent eight years learning to
528
00:21:43,809 --> 00:21:45,811
appreciate this threat, and only
529
00:21:45,811 --> 00:21:48,580
at the very end did they get it.
530
00:21:48,580 --> 00:21:49,914
i, george walker bush, do
531
00:21:49,914 --> 00:21:51,483
solemnly swear that i will
532
00:21:51,483 --> 00:21:52,584
faithfully execute the office of
533
00:21:52,584 --> 00:21:55,387
president of the united states.
534
00:21:55,387 --> 00:21:57,155
there's no doubt that
535
00:21:57,155 --> 00:21:58,556
policymakers across two
536
00:21:58,556 --> 00:22:00,191
administrations understood from
537
00:22:00,191 --> 00:22:03,194
me, and understood from cofer
538
00:22:03,194 --> 00:22:04,362
and all of our analysts and
539
00:22:04,362 --> 00:22:05,630
people who briefed them,
540
00:22:05,630 --> 00:22:06,864
understood the magnitude of the
541
00:22:06,864 --> 00:22:10,033
threat in front of them.
542
00:22:12,169 --> 00:22:15,572
in the spring of 2001, we
543
00:22:15,572 --> 00:22:17,441
submitted authorities to the
544
00:22:17,441 --> 00:22:19,109
incoming bush administration and
545
00:22:19,109 --> 00:22:20,677
essentially advocating a
546
00:22:20,677 --> 00:22:22,613
paramilitary operation.
547
00:22:22,613 --> 00:22:25,615
and the word back was, "we're
548
00:22:25,615 --> 00:22:27,083
not quite ready to consider this
549
00:22:27,083 --> 00:22:29,118
we don't want the clock to start
550
00:22:29,118 --> 00:22:31,821
ticking."
551
00:22:31,821 --> 00:22:33,756
what did that mean to you?
552
00:22:33,756 --> 00:22:34,991
that the administration was
553
00:22:34,991 --> 00:22:36,859
not quite ready to consider what
554
00:22:36,859 --> 00:22:38,227
its options were with regard to
555
00:22:38,227 --> 00:22:39,729
terrorism.
556
00:22:39,729 --> 00:22:41,164
i think they were mentally
557
00:22:41,164 --> 00:22:42,899
stuck back eight years ago.
558
00:22:42,899 --> 00:22:44,232
when they were in power, they
559
00:22:44,232 --> 00:22:45,400
were used to terrorists being
560
00:22:45,400 --> 00:22:46,802
euro lefties-- drink champagne
561
00:22:46,802 --> 00:22:48,103
by night, blow things up during
562
00:22:48,103 --> 00:22:50,305
the day-- and it was a very
563
00:22:50,305 --> 00:22:52,908
difficult sell to communicate
564
00:22:52,908 --> 00:22:55,010
the urgency to this.
565
00:23:03,117 --> 00:23:05,419
for us, the system was
566
00:23:05,419 --> 00:23:06,887
blinking red in the sense that
567
00:23:06,887 --> 00:23:07,721
we thought what we were
568
00:23:07,721 --> 00:23:10,991
uncovering was a top-down plot,
569
00:23:10,991 --> 00:23:12,326
something being ordered from
570
00:23:12,326 --> 00:23:14,395
afghanistan out.
571
00:23:14,395 --> 00:23:15,896
but it was very difficult for us
572
00:23:15,896 --> 00:23:19,300
to figure out what it was.
573
00:23:19,300 --> 00:23:20,533
narrator: the crisis comes to
574
00:23:20,533 --> 00:23:23,870
a head on july 10, 2001.
575
00:23:23,870 --> 00:23:25,004
richard blee, the head of the
576
00:23:25,004 --> 00:23:26,940
bin laden unit, barges into
577
00:23:26,940 --> 00:23:28,975
cofer black's office.
578
00:23:28,975 --> 00:23:30,310
he comes and he goes, "okay,
579
00:23:30,310 --> 00:23:31,511
roof's fallen in."
580
00:23:31,511 --> 00:23:33,079
i said, "great, what'cha got?"
581
00:23:33,079 --> 00:23:34,614
the information that we had now
582
00:23:34,614 --> 00:23:35,648
compiled was absolutely
583
00:23:35,648 --> 00:23:37,150
compelling.
584
00:23:37,150 --> 00:23:38,884
it was multiple-sourced, and it
585
00:23:38,884 --> 00:23:40,486
was... it was sort of the last
586
00:23:40,486 --> 00:23:41,587
straw.
587
00:23:41,587 --> 00:23:42,888
picked up the phone, called the
588
00:23:42,888 --> 00:23:44,022
secretary, "have to see the
589
00:23:44,022 --> 00:23:44,957
director, i'm coming up with
590
00:23:44,957 --> 00:23:45,724
rich."
591
00:23:45,724 --> 00:23:47,292
she says, "well, i'm sorry, he's
592
00:23:47,292 --> 00:23:49,261
in with the head of some foreign
593
00:23:49,261 --> 00:23:50,596
intelligence service."
594
00:23:50,596 --> 00:23:52,698
i said, "we're coming up.
595
00:23:52,698 --> 00:23:53,665
kick the guy out.
596
00:23:53,665 --> 00:23:54,500
we're coming now.
597
00:23:54,500 --> 00:23:56,768
tell him to get ready."
598
00:23:58,970 --> 00:24:00,505
george tenet is a very smart
599
00:24:00,505 --> 00:24:01,873
guy.
600
00:24:01,873 --> 00:24:04,041
chewing on his cigar, going back
601
00:24:04,041 --> 00:24:05,409
and forth, jumping up and down.
602
00:24:05,409 --> 00:24:06,811
his eyes are flashing.
603
00:24:06,811 --> 00:24:08,613
wish i had a film of it.
604
00:24:08,613 --> 00:24:10,114
he got it, all right.
605
00:24:10,114 --> 00:24:11,782
it's not just red lights.
606
00:24:11,782 --> 00:24:14,085
red lights and chatter is a
607
00:24:14,085 --> 00:24:15,253
convenient way this is
608
00:24:15,253 --> 00:24:15,986
portrayed.
609
00:24:15,986 --> 00:24:17,354
there were real plots being
610
00:24:17,354 --> 00:24:18,655
manifested.
611
00:24:18,655 --> 00:24:19,856
the american embassy in sana'a
612
00:24:19,856 --> 00:24:21,024
is going to be bombed, british
613
00:24:21,024 --> 00:24:22,392
and american schools in jeddah
614
00:24:22,392 --> 00:24:23,293
are going to be bombed.
615
00:24:23,293 --> 00:24:24,661
the world was on the edge of
616
00:24:24,661 --> 00:24:27,797
eruption.
617
00:24:29,132 --> 00:24:31,101
[parent explosion]
618
00:24:31,101 --> 00:24:32,702
now, what happens then in this
619
00:24:32,702 --> 00:24:34,770
period of time in june and july,
620
00:24:34,770 --> 00:24:37,806
the threat continues to rise.
621
00:24:37,806 --> 00:24:39,642
public pronouncements by people
622
00:24:39,642 --> 00:24:41,477
in al qaeda was, there would be
623
00:24:41,477 --> 00:24:43,479
eight major celebrations coming.
624
00:24:43,479 --> 00:24:44,880
the world was going to be
625
00:24:44,880 --> 00:24:45,848
stunned by what would soon
626
00:24:45,848 --> 00:24:47,049
happen.
627
00:24:47,049 --> 00:24:48,817
terrorists were disappearing.
628
00:24:48,817 --> 00:24:50,419
camps were closing.
629
00:24:50,419 --> 00:24:52,321
threat reporting on the rise.
630
00:24:52,321 --> 00:24:53,855
and this started building to a
631
00:24:53,855 --> 00:24:54,923
crescendo.
632
00:24:54,923 --> 00:24:56,357
we decided the next thing to
633
00:24:56,357 --> 00:24:57,559
do was pick up the white phone,
634
00:24:57,559 --> 00:24:58,726
call the white house, "we're
635
00:24:58,726 --> 00:25:00,028
coming down right now."
636
00:25:00,028 --> 00:25:01,229
i said, "condi, i have to
637
00:25:01,229 --> 00:25:02,564
come see you."
638
00:25:02,564 --> 00:25:03,898
it was one of the rare times in
639
00:25:03,898 --> 00:25:05,266
my seven years as director where
640
00:25:05,266 --> 00:25:06,868
i said, "i have to come see you.
641
00:25:06,868 --> 00:25:11,239
we're coming right now."
642
00:25:11,239 --> 00:25:12,472
narrator: present at the july
643
00:25:12,472 --> 00:25:14,241
10 white house meeting are
644
00:25:14,241 --> 00:25:15,742
national security advisor
645
00:25:15,742 --> 00:25:17,644
condoleezza rice and other top
646
00:25:17,644 --> 00:25:19,346
officials.
647
00:25:19,346 --> 00:25:21,448
so rich started by saying,
648
00:25:21,448 --> 00:25:22,649
"there will be significant
649
00:25:22,649 --> 00:25:23,984
terrorist attacks against the
650
00:25:23,984 --> 00:25:25,185
united states in the coming
651
00:25:25,185 --> 00:25:26,687
weeks or months.
652
00:25:26,687 --> 00:25:28,689
the attacks will be spectacular.
653
00:25:28,689 --> 00:25:30,189
they may be multiple.
654
00:25:30,189 --> 00:25:31,457
al qaeda's intention is the
655
00:25:31,457 --> 00:25:32,692
destruction of the united
656
00:25:32,692 --> 00:25:35,027
states."
657
00:25:35,027 --> 00:25:36,362
and i said, "this country's
658
00:25:36,362 --> 00:25:39,131
got to go a war footing now."
659
00:25:39,131 --> 00:25:42,535
i slammed my hand on the table.
660
00:25:42,535 --> 00:25:44,804
after it was over, rich blee and
661
00:25:44,804 --> 00:25:46,839
i sort of congratulated each
662
00:25:46,839 --> 00:25:49,507
other in the sense that, "i
663
00:25:49,507 --> 00:25:50,675
think we finally got through to
664
00:25:50,675 --> 00:25:52,377
these people.
665
00:25:52,377 --> 00:25:54,145
we have executed our
666
00:25:54,145 --> 00:25:54,879
responsibilities."
667
00:25:54,879 --> 00:25:56,514
what happened?
668
00:25:56,514 --> 00:25:57,349
yeah.
669
00:25:57,349 --> 00:25:59,184
what did happen?
670
00:25:59,184 --> 00:26:00,051
yeah.
671
00:26:00,051 --> 00:26:01,086
what happened?
672
00:26:01,086 --> 00:26:02,187
essentially, nothing
673
00:26:02,187 --> 00:26:03,922
happened?
674
00:26:03,922 --> 00:26:05,991
yeah, that's right.
675
00:26:05,991 --> 00:26:07,124
narrator: condoleezza rice
676
00:26:07,124 --> 00:26:08,459
would later write that her
677
00:26:08,459 --> 00:26:10,227
memory of the meeting was "not
678
00:26:10,227 --> 00:26:12,262
very crisp because we were
679
00:26:12,262 --> 00:26:13,664
discussing the threat every
680
00:26:13,664 --> 00:26:14,932
day."
681
00:26:14,932 --> 00:26:16,200
having raised the alert levels
682
00:26:16,200 --> 00:26:17,968
for u.s. personnel abroad, she
683
00:26:17,968 --> 00:26:19,903
added, "i thought we were doing
684
00:26:19,903 --> 00:26:23,841
what needed to be done."
685
00:26:31,914 --> 00:26:36,419
if on the 10th of september
686
00:26:36,419 --> 00:26:37,920
we'd been able to walk into the
687
00:26:37,920 --> 00:26:39,322
president of the united states
688
00:26:39,322 --> 00:26:41,924
and say, "we think u.s.
689
00:26:41,924 --> 00:26:43,259
airliners are going to be
690
00:26:43,259 --> 00:26:44,960
hijacked tomorrow," just think
691
00:26:44,960 --> 00:26:47,195
about it.
692
00:26:47,195 --> 00:26:47,929
if we had been able to give him
693
00:26:47,929 --> 00:26:51,333
that very specific piece, as the
694
00:26:51,333 --> 00:26:53,735
president, he may very well have
695
00:26:53,735 --> 00:26:55,570
held all the airliners from
696
00:26:55,570 --> 00:26:59,775
flying, until when?
697
00:27:07,882 --> 00:27:15,756
we might have stopped 9/11 from
698
00:27:15,756 --> 00:27:19,126
happening on 9/11, but i think
699
00:27:19,126 --> 00:27:20,327
it would've happened on the 10th
700
00:27:20,327 --> 00:27:21,928
of october or the 12th of
701
00:27:21,928 --> 00:27:24,297
november.
702
00:27:24,297 --> 00:27:25,932
if you don't put a system of
703
00:27:25,932 --> 00:27:28,001
defense in place, if you don't
704
00:27:28,001 --> 00:27:29,869
button up your airports, button
705
00:27:29,869 --> 00:27:31,571
up your buildings, change your
706
00:27:31,571 --> 00:27:33,239
visa policies, have some
707
00:27:33,239 --> 00:27:34,607
knowledge about what's going on
708
00:27:34,607 --> 00:27:36,609
in the united states, create a
709
00:27:36,609 --> 00:27:38,044
mechanism where there's a...
710
00:27:38,044 --> 00:27:40,212
where there's a quick swivel
711
00:27:40,212 --> 00:27:42,314
between foreign and domestic,
712
00:27:42,314 --> 00:27:45,918
you're going to get hurt.
713
00:27:50,155 --> 00:27:51,490
you know what really does
714
00:27:51,490 --> 00:27:53,392
piss me off?
715
00:27:53,392 --> 00:27:54,927
when people call this an
716
00:27:54,927 --> 00:27:56,829
intelligence failure.
717
00:27:56,829 --> 00:27:58,830
we knew this was coming,
718
00:27:58,830 --> 00:27:59,931
american interests are going to
719
00:27:59,931 --> 00:28:01,299
be attacked, and it could very
720
00:28:01,299 --> 00:28:03,334
well be in the united states.
721
00:28:03,334 --> 00:28:07,305
it's serious, it's coming.
722
00:28:07,305 --> 00:28:08,773
sometimes when i drive my car i
723
00:28:08,773 --> 00:28:10,475
think about it, and to me it
724
00:28:10,475 --> 00:28:12,677
remains incomprehensible still.
725
00:28:12,677 --> 00:28:15,646
i mean, how is it that you could
726
00:28:15,646 --> 00:28:19,783
warn senior people so many times
727
00:28:19,783 --> 00:28:22,419
and nothing actually happened?
728
00:28:22,419 --> 00:28:24,588
it's kind of like the "twilight
729
00:28:24,588 --> 00:28:25,689
zone."
730
00:28:25,689 --> 00:28:26,857
you almost sometimes feel like
731
00:28:26,857 --> 00:28:29,359
you want to pinch yourself.
732
00:28:29,359 --> 00:28:31,194
at the end of july, we were
733
00:28:31,194 --> 00:28:33,196
sitting in my conference room
734
00:28:33,196 --> 00:28:34,631
just thinking about all of this
735
00:28:34,631 --> 00:28:37,233
and trying to figure out how
736
00:28:37,233 --> 00:28:41,203
this attack might occur, and
737
00:28:41,203 --> 00:28:42,638
i'll never forget this till the
738
00:28:42,638 --> 00:28:44,473
day i die.
739
00:28:44,473 --> 00:28:46,442
rich blee looked at everybody
740
00:28:46,442 --> 00:28:49,912
and said, "they're coming here."
741
00:28:49,912 --> 00:28:51,981
and the silence that followed
742
00:28:51,981 --> 00:28:52,715
was deafening.
743
00:28:52,715 --> 00:28:55,650
you could hear a pin drop.
744
00:28:58,620 --> 00:29:01,256
"they're coming here."
745
00:29:09,330 --> 00:29:17,371
the head of my security
746
00:29:36,255 --> 00:29:38,825
detail came over to me to say a
747
00:29:38,825 --> 00:29:40,359
plane had hit one of the towers
748
00:29:40,359 --> 00:29:42,562
of the world trade center.
749
00:29:42,562 --> 00:29:44,263
my instinctual reaction was,
750
00:29:44,263 --> 00:29:44,897
"this is al qaeda.
751
00:29:44,897 --> 00:29:46,732
i've got to go."
752
00:29:46,732 --> 00:29:48,334
there are fire crews just
753
00:29:48,334 --> 00:29:49,968
streaming into this area from
754
00:29:49,968 --> 00:29:54,706
every conceivable direction.
755
00:29:54,706 --> 00:29:56,041
and we all looked around and
756
00:29:56,041 --> 00:29:58,043
we thought, "oh, my goodness.
757
00:29:58,043 --> 00:30:00,478
tragic accident."
758
00:30:00,478 --> 00:30:01,913
and people were talking about
759
00:30:01,913 --> 00:30:03,348
a private aircraft had flown
760
00:30:03,348 --> 00:30:06,451
into... into the tower.
761
00:30:06,451 --> 00:30:07,385
i thought, "geez, this must
762
00:30:07,385 --> 00:30:10,154
be the world's worst pilot."
763
00:30:10,154 --> 00:30:11,522
i jumped in the car.
764
00:30:11,522 --> 00:30:12,356
it was the world's longest
765
00:30:12,356 --> 00:30:13,190
car ride.
766
00:30:13,190 --> 00:30:14,225
it took 12 minutes, but the
767
00:30:14,225 --> 00:30:17,127
phones weren't working.
768
00:30:18,996 --> 00:30:21,398
looking up at the tv, in real
769
00:30:21,398 --> 00:30:24,001
time we saw the second plane hit
770
00:30:24,001 --> 00:30:27,136
the other tower.
771
00:30:30,373 --> 00:30:32,709
we knew, we all knew, "we're
772
00:30:32,709 --> 00:30:35,845
under attack."
773
00:30:35,845 --> 00:30:36,946
holy shit, the first one we
774
00:30:36,946 --> 00:30:38,047
thought was an accident.
775
00:30:38,047 --> 00:30:39,148
when we heard there was a second
776
00:30:39,148 --> 00:30:40,149
one, we definitely thought it
777
00:30:40,149 --> 00:30:41,384
was terrorism.
778
00:30:41,384 --> 00:30:42,252
and i heard a roar, and i
779
00:30:42,252 --> 00:30:43,286
looked up and saw the second
780
00:30:43,286 --> 00:30:44,220
plane hit.
781
00:30:44,220 --> 00:30:45,687
people were crying, holding
782
00:30:45,687 --> 00:30:48,523
on to each other.
783
00:30:56,598 --> 00:30:59,334
stay calm.
784
00:30:59,334 --> 00:31:00,669
stay calm, stay calm.
785
00:31:00,669 --> 00:31:01,503
please, god.
786
00:31:01,503 --> 00:31:02,537
you're doing a good job.
787
00:31:02,537 --> 00:31:03,639
and somebody said, "my god,
788
00:31:03,639 --> 00:31:04,672
they hit the pentagon, they hit
789
00:31:04,672 --> 00:31:05,873
the pentagon."
790
00:31:05,873 --> 00:31:06,807
ladies and gentlemen, let's
791
00:31:06,807 --> 00:31:07,875
keep move... away from the
792
00:31:07,875 --> 00:31:09,677
building.
793
00:31:09,677 --> 00:31:10,645
let's get away from the
794
00:31:10,645 --> 00:31:13,381
building, ladies and gentlemen.
795
00:31:16,651 --> 00:31:18,519
so director tenet said, "okay
796
00:31:18,519 --> 00:31:19,820
we have to evacuate
797
00:31:19,820 --> 00:31:22,355
headquarters."
798
00:31:22,355 --> 00:31:24,824
everybody out, everybody out.
799
00:31:24,824 --> 00:31:28,261
if they stay, they could die.
800
00:31:28,261 --> 00:31:30,430
i said, "we're needed.
801
00:31:30,430 --> 00:31:31,598
that's where our computers are.
802
00:31:31,598 --> 00:31:33,099
we need to respond.
803
00:31:33,099 --> 00:31:34,234
if that's the case, then we'll
804
00:31:34,234 --> 00:31:37,337
just have to die."
805
00:31:37,337 --> 00:31:38,805
narrator: that day, michael
806
00:31:38,805 --> 00:31:40,806
morell, the president's briefer,
807
00:31:40,806 --> 00:31:42,274
is with george w. bush in
808
00:31:42,274 --> 00:31:43,943
florida.
809
00:31:43,943 --> 00:31:46,445
it was our job to prevent an
810
00:31:46,445 --> 00:31:48,614
attack, and we didn't do it.
811
00:31:48,614 --> 00:31:52,685
on our watch, this happened.
812
00:31:52,685 --> 00:31:54,353
we went back to "air force one."
813
00:31:54,353 --> 00:31:57,122
there was a ring of secret
814
00:31:57,122 --> 00:31:58,090
service agents around "air force
815
00:31:58,090 --> 00:32:03,094
one" with automatic weapons.
816
00:32:03,094 --> 00:32:04,195
we took off.
817
00:32:04,195 --> 00:32:06,197
we went up at a very steep
818
00:32:06,197 --> 00:32:09,100
ascent.
819
00:32:09,100 --> 00:32:10,368
and i remember saying to the
820
00:32:10,368 --> 00:32:12,370
president's military aide,
821
00:32:12,370 --> 00:32:13,471
"where are we going?"
822
00:32:13,471 --> 00:32:14,672
he said, "we're just going to be
823
00:32:14,672 --> 00:32:15,940
flying around for a bit until we
824
00:32:15,940 --> 00:32:18,742
figure out what's going on."
825
00:32:18,742 --> 00:32:20,243
we were watching television
826
00:32:20,243 --> 00:32:22,612
images from new york, and it was
827
00:32:22,612 --> 00:32:24,815
in there that we saw the two
828
00:32:24,815 --> 00:32:28,051
towers collapse.
829
00:32:28,051 --> 00:32:28,618
wait a second.
830
00:32:28,618 --> 00:32:29,820
is this a live picture?
831
00:32:29,820 --> 00:32:30,854
this is a live picture.
832
00:32:30,854 --> 00:32:33,156
we're seeing the second world
833
00:32:33,156 --> 00:32:34,858
trade tower center.
834
00:32:34,858 --> 00:32:36,426
the second world trade center
835
00:32:36,426 --> 00:32:39,495
has just collapsed --
836
00:32:45,434 --> 00:32:48,104
today, our fellow citizens,
837
00:32:48,104 --> 00:32:50,406
way of life, our very freedom
838
00:32:50,406 --> 00:32:53,075
came under attack in a series of
839
00:32:53,075 --> 00:32:55,343
deliberate and deadly terrorist
840
00:32:55,343 --> 00:32:56,711
acts.
841
00:32:56,711 --> 00:32:59,414
the victims were in airplanes--
842
00:32:59,447 --> 00:33:00,915
the city i grew up in had been
843
00:33:00,915 --> 00:33:02,083
blown up.
844
00:33:02,117 --> 00:33:03,451
secretaries, businessmen and
845
00:33:03,451 --> 00:33:05,053
women, military and federal,--
846
00:33:08,423 --> 00:33:09,290
neighbors.
847
00:33:18,399 --> 00:33:20,267
nobody comes to our town and
848
00:33:20,267 --> 00:33:24,204
messes with our people.
849
00:33:24,204 --> 00:33:25,572
in his office on "air force
850
00:33:25,572 --> 00:33:28,075
one," the president said to me,
851
00:33:28,075 --> 00:33:32,612
"michael, who did this?"
852
00:33:32,612 --> 00:33:34,514
and i said, "mr. president, both
853
00:33:34,514 --> 00:33:36,983
iran and iraq have absolutely
854
00:33:36,983 --> 00:33:38,751
nothing to gain and have
855
00:33:38,751 --> 00:33:40,286
everything to lose from doing
856
00:33:40,286 --> 00:33:43,990
this.
857
00:33:43,990 --> 00:33:47,226
i would bet my children's future
858
00:33:47,226 --> 00:33:49,695
that this is al qaeda.
859
00:33:49,695 --> 00:33:53,031
this is bin laden."
860
00:33:53,031 --> 00:33:54,166
and certainly, looking at the
861
00:33:54,166 --> 00:33:55,667
flight manifests, that
862
00:33:55,667 --> 00:33:57,102
corroborated the fact that it
863
00:33:57,102 --> 00:33:59,237
had been al qaeda.
864
00:33:59,237 --> 00:34:00,372
narrator: it takes only
865
00:34:00,372 --> 00:34:01,973
moments to discover what has
866
00:34:01,973 --> 00:34:03,909
been years in the making.
867
00:34:03,909 --> 00:34:05,410
there, in black and white, on
868
00:34:05,410 --> 00:34:06,812
the passenger manifest of the
869
00:34:06,812 --> 00:34:08,747
plane that hit the pentagon are
870
00:34:08,747 --> 00:34:10,881
known al qaeda terrorists--
871
00:34:10,881 --> 00:34:13,651
nawaf al hazmi and khalid al
872
00:34:13,651 --> 00:34:15,186
midhar.
873
00:34:15,186 --> 00:34:16,720
two of the hijackers on board
874
00:34:16,720 --> 00:34:18,222
the airliner which attacked the
875
00:34:18,222 --> 00:34:19,690
pentagon had been identified
876
00:34:19,690 --> 00:34:21,192
more than a year and a half
877
00:34:21,192 --> 00:34:23,928
before as suspected terrorists,
878
00:34:23,928 --> 00:34:25,629
yet nothing was done to stop
879
00:34:25,629 --> 00:34:27,964
al-hazmi and al-midhar from
880
00:34:27,964 --> 00:34:29,799
entering the u.s, and no
881
00:34:29,799 --> 00:34:31,201
attempt was made to find them
882
00:34:31,201 --> 00:34:32,902
until just three weeks before
883
00:34:32,902 --> 00:34:35,338
september 11.
884
00:34:35,338 --> 00:34:37,107
why didn't the c.i.a., why
885
00:34:37,107 --> 00:34:38,274
didn't somebody pick up the
886
00:34:38,274 --> 00:34:40,076
phone to the f.b.i. and say,
887
00:34:40,076 --> 00:34:42,979
"hey, these two guys are here?"
888
00:34:42,979 --> 00:34:44,614
at root here is, we didn't
889
00:34:44,614 --> 00:34:46,949
have the seamless interaction.
890
00:34:46,949 --> 00:34:48,450
we didn't have the ability to
891
00:34:48,450 --> 00:34:49,818
fuse things quickly.
892
00:34:49,818 --> 00:34:51,687
our policies were out of date.
893
00:34:51,687 --> 00:34:53,021
the information that the
894
00:34:53,021 --> 00:34:54,857
c.i.a. had about the two
895
00:34:54,857 --> 00:34:56,258
hijackers in the united states
896
00:34:56,258 --> 00:34:57,659
should have been routinely
897
00:34:57,659 --> 00:34:58,894
shared with the f.b.i., and it
898
00:34:58,894 --> 00:35:00,829
wasn't.
899
00:35:00,829 --> 00:35:01,730
narrator: two government
900
00:35:01,730 --> 00:35:03,832
agencies charged with protecting
901
00:35:03,832 --> 00:35:06,601
the united states were barely
902
00:35:06,601 --> 00:35:07,902
communicating.
903
00:35:07,902 --> 00:35:08,836
intelligence officials
904
00:35:08,836 --> 00:35:10,671
acknowledge both the c.i.a. and
905
00:35:10,671 --> 00:35:13,040
f.b.i. failed to follow up on
906
00:35:13,040 --> 00:35:14,575
leads that could have pointed
907
00:35:14,575 --> 00:35:16,277
them in the direction of the
908
00:35:16,277 --> 00:35:17,979
9/11 hijackers.
909
00:35:17,979 --> 00:35:20,148
in essence, al qaeda being a
910
00:35:20,148 --> 00:35:22,583
smart intelligence organization,
911
00:35:22,583 --> 00:35:24,918
looked at our banking policies,
912
00:35:24,918 --> 00:35:27,320
our border policies, our airline
913
00:35:27,320 --> 00:35:28,722
protection policies, our
914
00:35:28,722 --> 00:35:30,490
infrastructure policies and came
915
00:35:30,490 --> 00:35:32,259
to a conclusion that the country
916
00:35:32,259 --> 00:35:38,632
was absolutely unprotected.
917
00:35:38,632 --> 00:35:39,933
i think there's huge failures
918
00:35:39,933 --> 00:35:41,401
at the c.i.a. and the f.b.i.
919
00:35:41,401 --> 00:35:42,968
the c.i.a. missed the chance
920
00:35:42,968 --> 00:35:44,470
to nab two suspects after they
921
00:35:44,470 --> 00:35:45,604
entered the united states.
922
00:35:45,604 --> 00:35:46,872
our government failed to
923
00:35:46,872 --> 00:35:51,043
protect the american people.
924
00:35:55,481 --> 00:35:56,882
an elected official came up
925
00:35:56,882 --> 00:35:59,051
to me and said, "so, cofer, how
926
00:35:59,051 --> 00:36:00,485
does it feel to be responsible
927
00:36:00,485 --> 00:36:02,320
for the largest intelligence
928
00:36:02,320 --> 00:36:05,390
failure since pearl harbor?"
929
00:36:05,390 --> 00:36:08,092
this was a failure of policy,
930
00:36:08,092 --> 00:36:11,229
management, capability, and,
931
00:36:11,229 --> 00:36:13,298
above all, a failure of
932
00:36:13,298 --> 00:36:14,933
imagination.
933
00:36:14,933 --> 00:36:16,734
none of the measures adopted by
934
00:36:16,734 --> 00:36:17,835
the united states government
935
00:36:17,835 --> 00:36:20,804
before 9/11 disturbed or even
936
00:36:20,804 --> 00:36:23,106
delayed the progress of the al
937
00:36:23,106 --> 00:36:26,343
qaeda plot.
938
00:36:29,780 --> 00:36:32,549
above all else, 9/11 was a
939
00:36:32,549 --> 00:36:34,284
failure of our imagination.
940
00:36:34,284 --> 00:36:35,752
we all knew something was going
941
00:36:35,752 --> 00:36:37,720
to happen; we just found it
942
00:36:37,720 --> 00:36:40,423
very, very hard to conceive that
943
00:36:40,423 --> 00:36:42,925
what happened on that day was
944
00:36:42,925 --> 00:36:45,895
going to happen.
945
00:36:45,895 --> 00:36:47,330
i've never liked this
946
00:36:47,330 --> 00:36:48,831
"failure of imagination" thing.
947
00:36:48,831 --> 00:36:51,000
i think 9/11 is a national
948
00:36:51,000 --> 00:36:52,068
failure.
949
00:36:52,068 --> 00:36:54,170
it actually took 9/11 for the
950
00:36:54,170 --> 00:36:55,738
american people to get to the
951
00:36:55,738 --> 00:36:57,806
point where they would agree
952
00:36:57,806 --> 00:36:59,174
with all the defensive measures
953
00:36:59,174 --> 00:37:03,478
that needed to be put in place.
954
00:37:07,616 --> 00:37:09,584
there was never a moment in
955
00:37:09,584 --> 00:37:11,820
all of this time when you blamed
956
00:37:11,820 --> 00:37:16,557
yourself?
957
00:37:16,557 --> 00:37:20,494
well, look, there... i'm... i
958
00:37:20,494 --> 00:37:21,829
still look at the ceiling at
959
00:37:21,829 --> 00:37:23,430
night about a lot of things--
960
00:37:23,430 --> 00:37:24,765
and i'll keep them to myself
961
00:37:24,765 --> 00:37:29,303
forever-- but we're all human
962
00:37:29,303 --> 00:37:33,606
beings.
963
00:37:36,943 --> 00:37:39,145
i do remember the whole
964
00:37:39,145 --> 00:37:43,283
emotional impact of 9/11 struck
965
00:37:43,283 --> 00:37:47,287
me very hard as i sat on my
966
00:37:47,287 --> 00:37:48,988
front lawn after thanksgiving
967
00:37:48,988 --> 00:37:52,090
one day.
968
00:37:52,090 --> 00:37:53,525
the horror of what happened hit
969
00:37:53,525 --> 00:37:54,459
me.
970
00:37:54,459 --> 00:37:57,229
there was no time between 9/11
971
00:37:57,229 --> 00:37:58,897
and that moment.
972
00:37:58,897 --> 00:38:01,700
i just didn't have any time.
973
00:38:01,700 --> 00:38:03,502
narrator: no time, because
974
00:38:03,502 --> 00:38:04,903
the c.i.a. would now be called
975
00:38:04,903 --> 00:38:06,571
upon to put its war plan against
976
00:38:06,571 --> 00:38:09,308
al qaeda into action, that
977
00:38:09,308 --> 00:38:11,742
audacious "blue sky" memo that
978
00:38:11,742 --> 00:38:15,813
had been ignored before 9/11.
979
00:38:15,813 --> 00:38:17,448
on september the 15th, we
980
00:38:17,448 --> 00:38:19,483
essentially outline our plan--
981
00:38:19,483 --> 00:38:21,419
seal the borders of afghanistan,
982
00:38:21,419 --> 00:38:22,820
go after their leadership, shut
983
00:38:22,820 --> 00:38:24,121
off their money, destroy al
984
00:38:24,121 --> 00:38:25,189
qaeda.
985
00:38:25,189 --> 00:38:27,792
we're saying, "take our plan.
986
00:38:27,792 --> 00:38:29,793
let us go first."
987
00:38:29,793 --> 00:38:32,262
and i said, "mr. president, when
988
00:38:32,262 --> 00:38:35,198
we're done, these guys are going
989
00:38:35,198 --> 00:38:36,466
to have flies walking across
990
00:38:36,466 --> 00:38:38,201
their eyeballs."
991
00:38:38,201 --> 00:38:39,402
and i could see the president
992
00:38:39,402 --> 00:38:40,537
was thinking, "wait, flies on
993
00:38:40,537 --> 00:38:41,905
eyeballs..."
994
00:38:41,905 --> 00:38:43,173
then he got it.
995
00:38:43,173 --> 00:38:44,641
and he says, "we'll use the
996
00:38:44,641 --> 00:38:45,975
c.i.a. plan.
997
00:38:45,975 --> 00:38:47,509
c.i.a. will be first boots on
998
00:38:47,509 --> 00:38:49,511
the ground."
999
00:38:49,511 --> 00:38:51,013
narrator: 110 c.i.a. officers
1000
00:38:51,013 --> 00:38:53,082
and 300 special forces sweep
1001
00:38:53,082 --> 00:38:55,584
into the tribal areas...
1002
00:38:55,584 --> 00:38:57,986
niner four five over.
1003
00:38:57,986 --> 00:38:59,421
copy that.
1004
00:38:59,421 --> 00:39:00,622
narrator: ...where they will
1005
00:39:00,622 --> 00:39:01,857
join with warriors of the
1006
00:39:01,857 --> 00:39:06,060
northern alliance and uproot the
1007
00:39:06,060 --> 00:39:08,062
taliban and al qaeda from their
1008
00:39:08,062 --> 00:39:10,965
safe hold in afghanistan.
1009
00:39:10,965 --> 00:39:12,300
(unintelligible
1010
00:39:12,300 --> 00:39:15,303
communication)
1011
00:39:15,303 --> 00:39:16,270
narrator: the c.i.a.'s
1012
00:39:16,270 --> 00:39:18,539
message: if you are with us,
1013
00:39:18,539 --> 00:39:20,908
you'll be rewarded...
1014
00:39:20,908 --> 00:39:22,410
our officers often slept on
1015
00:39:22,410 --> 00:39:23,511
millions of dollars of cash at
1016
00:39:23,511 --> 00:39:25,712
night.
1017
00:39:25,712 --> 00:39:26,947
narrator: ...but if you are
1018
00:39:26,947 --> 00:39:30,951
against us...
1019
00:39:30,951 --> 00:39:32,018
you were more than likely to
1020
00:39:32,018 --> 00:39:34,020
get a 2,000-pound bomb down your
1021
00:39:34,020 --> 00:39:35,422
throat.
1022
00:39:35,422 --> 00:39:36,723
there was never a general on the
1023
00:39:36,723 --> 00:39:38,258
ground.
1024
00:39:38,258 --> 00:39:39,059
there was never a command
1025
00:39:39,059 --> 00:39:40,694
structure on the ground.
1026
00:39:40,694 --> 00:39:41,795
this was a real
1027
00:39:41,795 --> 00:39:43,129
counterinsurgency.
1028
00:39:43,129 --> 00:39:44,697
[gunshots]
1029
00:39:44,697 --> 00:39:46,365
we've got the airplane on
1030
00:39:46,365 --> 00:39:47,466
that target first.
1031
00:39:47,466 --> 00:39:50,369
over.
1032
00:39:50,369 --> 00:39:52,004
we're not seeing any taliban
1033
00:39:52,004 --> 00:39:53,072
at this time.
1034
00:39:53,072 --> 00:39:54,273
over.
1035
00:39:54,273 --> 00:39:55,808
in about nine weeks, all
1036
00:39:55,808 --> 00:39:57,309
cities controlled by the taliban
1037
00:39:57,309 --> 00:40:00,613
had been overthrown.
1038
00:40:00,613 --> 00:40:02,247
all al qaeda in afghanistan had
1039
00:40:02,247 --> 00:40:04,949
either been killed, captured,
1040
00:40:04,949 --> 00:40:06,217
were running for the border, or
1041
00:40:06,217 --> 00:40:09,754
crossed the border.
1042
00:40:09,754 --> 00:40:10,955
narrator: bin laden's
1043
00:40:10,955 --> 00:40:12,323
sanctuary, tora bora, is blown
1044
00:40:12,323 --> 00:40:14,993
to pieces, but the c.i.a.'s
1045
00:40:14,993 --> 00:40:17,662
lightning victory is fleeting
1046
00:40:17,662 --> 00:40:18,930
because the terrorist leader
1047
00:40:18,930 --> 00:40:22,032
crosses the border into pakistan
1048
00:40:22,032 --> 00:40:24,701
and disappears.
1049
00:40:24,701 --> 00:40:26,804
i'm not sure i ever saw the
1050
00:40:26,804 --> 00:40:28,305
president get mad except this
1051
00:40:28,305 --> 00:40:30,874
one occasion, and he was
1052
00:40:30,874 --> 00:40:32,743
furious.
1053
00:40:32,743 --> 00:40:33,977
narrator: and now the
1054
00:40:33,977 --> 00:40:35,779
agency's finest hour is about to
1055
00:40:35,779 --> 00:40:37,080
be followed by one of its
1056
00:40:37,080 --> 00:40:40,416
darkest chapters, because the
1057
00:40:40,416 --> 00:40:41,851
white house is eyeing another
1058
00:40:41,851 --> 00:40:46,956
target: iraq.
1059
00:40:46,956 --> 00:40:49,459
there is no doubt that saddam
1060
00:40:49,459 --> 00:40:51,828
hussein now has weapons of mass
1061
00:40:51,828 --> 00:40:53,463
destruction, and he had
1062
00:40:53,463 --> 00:40:54,697
established relationship with al
1063
00:40:54,697 --> 00:40:56,065
qaeda.
1064
00:40:56,065 --> 00:40:57,566
there was a relationship between
1065
00:40:57,566 --> 00:40:59,601
al qaeda and iraq that stretched
1066
00:40:59,601 --> 00:41:02,370
back ten years.
1067
00:41:02,370 --> 00:41:03,538
that's not something i thought
1068
00:41:03,538 --> 00:41:05,106
of, that's what the director of
1069
00:41:05,106 --> 00:41:07,242
central intelligence was telling
1070
00:41:07,242 --> 00:41:08,109
us.
1071
00:41:08,109 --> 00:41:09,511
this connection did not
1072
00:41:09,511 --> 00:41:10,545
exist.
1073
00:41:10,545 --> 00:41:11,947
we intervened on numerous
1074
00:41:11,947 --> 00:41:13,114
occasions to say so.
1075
00:41:13,114 --> 00:41:14,616
everybody knew what our point of
1076
00:41:14,616 --> 00:41:16,250
view was.
1077
00:41:16,250 --> 00:41:17,852
and i remember once going to the
1078
00:41:17,852 --> 00:41:19,186
president and saying, "look,
1079
00:41:19,186 --> 00:41:20,387
we... this has got to stop.
1080
00:41:20,387 --> 00:41:22,122
we can't support this language."
1081
00:41:22,122 --> 00:41:23,591
neither c.i.a. nor any other
1082
00:41:23,591 --> 00:41:25,259
government agency ever found any
1083
00:41:25,259 --> 00:41:27,161
evidence that iraq played any
1084
00:41:27,161 --> 00:41:29,129
role at all in 9/11.
1085
00:41:29,129 --> 00:41:30,364
we stuck with that view
1086
00:41:30,364 --> 00:41:31,966
that saddam was not involved in
1087
00:41:31,966 --> 00:41:34,201
9.11.
1088
00:41:34,201 --> 00:41:35,468
narrator: but on the central
1089
00:41:35,468 --> 00:41:37,704
question, does saddam hussein
1090
00:41:37,704 --> 00:41:38,838
have weapons of mass
1091
00:41:38,838 --> 00:41:41,040
destruction?, the c.i.a.'s
1092
00:41:41,040 --> 00:41:44,077
answer is yes.
1093
00:41:44,077 --> 00:41:45,445
in the oval office, director
1094
00:41:45,445 --> 00:41:47,614
tenet reassures george w. bush
1095
00:41:47,614 --> 00:41:49,482
with a metaphor that becomes
1096
00:41:49,482 --> 00:41:51,017
infamous.
1097
00:41:51,017 --> 00:41:53,318
i said, "we can make this
1098
00:41:53,318 --> 00:41:53,986
better.
1099
00:41:53,986 --> 00:41:54,987
it's a slam dunk."
1100
00:41:54,987 --> 00:41:55,888
it was tenet who assured
1101
00:41:55,888 --> 00:41:57,256
president bush the question of
1102
00:41:57,256 --> 00:41:58,757
iraq having weapons of mass
1103
00:41:58,757 --> 00:42:00,926
destruction was a slam dunk.
1104
00:42:00,926 --> 00:42:04,630
a "slam dunk."
1105
00:42:04,630 --> 00:42:06,798
now, the way it was portrayed
1106
00:42:06,798 --> 00:42:08,901
was, this was the seminal moment
1107
00:42:08,901 --> 00:42:11,369
in the president's life in terms
1108
00:42:11,369 --> 00:42:13,004
of deciding whether to go to war
1109
00:42:13,004 --> 00:42:14,405
or not, and that's not what
1110
00:42:14,405 --> 00:42:16,607
happened at all.
1111
00:42:16,607 --> 00:42:18,976
the decision to go to war and
1112
00:42:18,976 --> 00:42:20,645
orders to send troops had
1113
00:42:20,645 --> 00:42:22,079
already been signed.
1114
00:42:22,079 --> 00:42:22,980
i mean, we... we were way down
1115
00:42:22,980 --> 00:42:23,814
the road here.
1116
00:42:23,814 --> 00:42:24,949
what i wanted to convey is there
1117
00:42:24,949 --> 00:42:27,351
was probably a better way for us
1118
00:42:27,351 --> 00:42:28,486
to make this a better public
1119
00:42:28,486 --> 00:42:29,953
case.
1120
00:42:29,953 --> 00:42:30,887
narrator: that public case to
1121
00:42:30,887 --> 00:42:32,822
go to war will be made by
1122
00:42:32,822 --> 00:42:35,325
secretary of state colin powell
1123
00:42:35,325 --> 00:42:38,128
in a pivotal speech vetted by
1124
00:42:38,128 --> 00:42:42,098
the c.i.a. and george tenet.
1125
00:42:42,098 --> 00:42:43,500
we worked as hard as we knew
1126
00:42:43,500 --> 00:42:45,001
how to make sure that the
1127
00:42:45,001 --> 00:42:46,369
secretary was going to speak to
1128
00:42:46,369 --> 00:42:48,138
the world on the basis on the
1129
00:42:48,138 --> 00:42:49,939
truth as we understood it.
1130
00:42:49,939 --> 00:42:51,807
now, we were also living in a
1131
00:42:51,807 --> 00:42:53,242
time period where there was no
1132
00:42:53,242 --> 00:42:55,945
outside intelligence service or
1133
00:42:55,945 --> 00:42:58,213
experts or anybody who believed
1134
00:42:58,213 --> 00:42:59,949
he did not have weapons of mass
1135
00:42:59,949 --> 00:43:01,317
destruction.
1136
00:43:01,317 --> 00:43:02,484
we know that saddam hussein
1137
00:43:02,484 --> 00:43:03,552
is determined to keep his
1138
00:43:03,552 --> 00:43:05,588
weapons of mass destruction;
1139
00:43:05,588 --> 00:43:07,622
he's determined to make more.
1140
00:43:07,622 --> 00:43:08,823
leaving saddam hussein in
1141
00:43:08,823 --> 00:43:09,991
possession of weapons of mass
1142
00:43:09,991 --> 00:43:11,559
destruction for a few more
1143
00:43:11,559 --> 00:43:13,094
months or years is not an
1144
00:43:13,094 --> 00:43:14,329
option.
1145
00:43:14,329 --> 00:43:15,463
narrator: and colin powell
1146
00:43:15,463 --> 00:43:17,031
makes a startling claim about
1147
00:43:17,031 --> 00:43:18,333
biological weapons that comes
1148
00:43:18,333 --> 00:43:20,034
from a dubious source, a source
1149
00:43:20,034 --> 00:43:22,437
some in the c.i.a. knew was
1150
00:43:22,437 --> 00:43:24,138
unreliable.
1151
00:43:24,138 --> 00:43:25,739
we have firsthand
1152
00:43:25,739 --> 00:43:27,608
descriptions of biological
1153
00:43:27,608 --> 00:43:29,843
weapons factories on wheels and
1154
00:43:29,843 --> 00:43:31,178
on rails.
1155
00:43:31,178 --> 00:43:32,713
he has the ability to dispense
1156
00:43:32,713 --> 00:43:34,214
these lethal poisons and
1157
00:43:34,214 --> 00:43:36,350
diseases in ways that can cause
1158
00:43:36,350 --> 00:43:40,120
massive death and destruction.
1159
00:43:40,120 --> 00:43:41,521
it should've never been in
1160
00:43:41,521 --> 00:43:42,889
the speech.
1161
00:43:42,889 --> 00:43:44,624
this was an internal failure of
1162
00:43:44,624 --> 00:43:46,993
some proportions inside c.i.a.
1163
00:43:46,993 --> 00:43:48,527
our senior officer in germany
1164
00:43:48,527 --> 00:43:50,896
was writing cables in that there
1165
00:43:50,896 --> 00:43:52,298
were problems with the source,
1166
00:43:52,298 --> 00:43:53,633
"don't use this source."
1167
00:43:53,633 --> 00:43:56,068
never surfaced to us, ever
1168
00:43:56,068 --> 00:43:58,137
surfaced to us.
1169
00:43:58,137 --> 00:43:59,939
you know, we let him down.
1170
00:43:59,939 --> 00:44:01,273
and he knows how i feel about
1171
00:44:01,273 --> 00:44:04,342
all this.
1172
00:44:04,342 --> 00:44:06,378
my fellow citizens, at this
1173
00:44:06,378 --> 00:44:11,449
hour, american and coalition
1174
00:44:11,449 --> 00:44:13,251
forces are in the early stages
1175
00:44:13,251 --> 00:44:16,287
of military operations to disarm
1176
00:44:16,287 --> 00:44:19,224
iraq, to free it's people.
1177
00:44:23,594 --> 00:44:27,965
from grave danger.
1178
00:44:27,965 --> 00:44:29,533
it's been 21 months since
1179
00:44:29,533 --> 00:44:31,001
president bush launched the
1180
00:44:31,001 --> 00:44:32,636
invasion of iraq based in large
1181
00:44:32,636 --> 00:44:34,638
part on the faulty intelligence
1182
00:44:34,638 --> 00:44:36,540
that saddam had weapons of mass
1183
00:44:36,540 --> 00:44:37,608
destruction.
1184
00:44:37,608 --> 00:44:38,642
the senate intelligence
1185
00:44:38,642 --> 00:44:40,076
committee has issued a scathing
1186
00:44:40,076 --> 00:44:41,744
report on c.i.a. intelligence
1187
00:44:41,744 --> 00:44:43,279
failures on the threat level of
1188
00:44:43,279 --> 00:44:44,280
prewar iraq.
1189
00:44:44,280 --> 00:44:46,549
we went to war in iraq based
1190
00:44:46,549 --> 00:44:50,153
on false claims.
1191
00:44:50,153 --> 00:44:51,354
we were all very surprised,
1192
00:44:51,354 --> 00:44:52,622
frankly, that there were not
1193
00:44:52,622 --> 00:44:53,923
weapons of mass destruction
1194
00:44:53,923 --> 00:44:54,824
found.
1195
00:44:54,824 --> 00:44:56,959
we got w.m.d. very wrong.
1196
00:44:56,959 --> 00:44:59,027
our blame in this was not
1197
00:44:59,027 --> 00:45:00,562
just that we were wrong.
1198
00:45:00,562 --> 00:45:02,898
we were and that's bad, but we
1199
00:45:02,898 --> 00:45:04,766
did not communicate our
1200
00:45:04,766 --> 00:45:06,301
ambiguity.
1201
00:45:06,301 --> 00:45:08,236
we did not communicate that we
1202
00:45:08,236 --> 00:45:09,705
had anything except full
1203
00:45:09,705 --> 00:45:11,773
confidence in our estimates to
1204
00:45:11,773 --> 00:45:13,642
the policy-makers, and that's
1205
00:45:13,642 --> 00:45:15,010
really the issue.
1206
00:45:15,010 --> 00:45:16,378
our analysts were good and
1207
00:45:16,378 --> 00:45:17,344
honest people.
1208
00:45:17,344 --> 00:45:18,779
there's no political motivation
1209
00:45:18,779 --> 00:45:19,647
here.
1210
00:45:19,647 --> 00:45:20,981
we basically came to those
1211
00:45:20,981 --> 00:45:21,782
conclusions.
1212
00:45:21,782 --> 00:45:23,217
nobody cooked the books?
1213
00:45:23,217 --> 00:45:23,984
no.
1214
00:45:23,984 --> 00:45:25,419
look... look, if we wanted to
1215
00:45:25,419 --> 00:45:27,288
cook the books, if you wanted to
1216
00:45:27,288 --> 00:45:28,689
cook the books, all you needed
1217
00:45:28,689 --> 00:45:31,325
to do was say "iraq was directly
1218
00:45:31,325 --> 00:45:33,027
involved in 9/11."
1219
00:45:33,027 --> 00:45:34,795
game, set, match point, over.
1220
00:45:34,795 --> 00:45:36,529
we never did that.
1221
00:45:36,529 --> 00:45:38,364
so we were wrong, and we have to
1222
00:45:38,364 --> 00:45:40,166
take responsibility for that.
1223
00:45:40,166 --> 00:45:41,735
but at the end of the day,
1224
00:45:41,735 --> 00:45:42,869
policymakers need to be a little
1225
00:45:42,869 --> 00:45:44,104
bit more forthcoming about what
1226
00:45:44,104 --> 00:45:46,706
their own motivations were-- in
1227
00:45:46,706 --> 00:45:48,374
this instance, perhaps, how to
1228
00:45:48,374 --> 00:45:53,680
remake the middle east.
1229
00:45:53,680 --> 00:45:55,013
narrator: the war rages on
1230
00:45:55,013 --> 00:45:59,218
for eight years, sowing chaos
1231
00:45:59,218 --> 00:46:01,320
and destruction...
1232
00:46:01,320 --> 00:46:06,125
no electricity, no water,
1233
00:46:09,828 --> 00:46:11,630
everybody is suffering.
1234
00:46:11,630 --> 00:46:14,465
my country, not british or
1235
00:46:14,465 --> 00:46:18,302
american.
1236
00:46:21,539 --> 00:46:22,707
narrator: ...and leaving
1237
00:46:22,707 --> 00:46:27,912
nearly 5,000 americans dead,
1238
00:46:27,912 --> 00:46:32,582
30,000 wounded and hundreds of
1239
00:46:32,582 --> 00:46:36,987
thousands of iraqis killed.
1240
00:46:45,061 --> 00:46:50,332
an intelligence failure such
1241
00:46:50,332 --> 00:46:54,804
as that that took place in 2003
1242
00:46:54,804 --> 00:46:58,440
changes history.
1243
00:46:58,440 --> 00:46:59,608
narrator: rising from the
1244
00:46:59,608 --> 00:47:01,911
ashes of iraq, a terror group
1245
00:47:01,911 --> 00:47:06,081
known as isis.
1246
00:47:06,081 --> 00:47:08,183
ruthless and barbaric, they will
1247
00:47:08,183 --> 00:47:09,717
be a formidable enemy in the
1248
00:47:09,717 --> 00:47:13,888
years ahead.
1249
00:47:17,792 --> 00:47:20,028
but in the aftermath of 9/11,
1250
00:47:20,028 --> 00:47:21,362
the c.i.a. faces a more
1251
00:47:21,362 --> 00:47:23,598
immediate threat: al qaeda is
1252
00:47:23,598 --> 00:47:26,700
poised to strike america again.
1253
00:47:26,700 --> 00:47:28,268
we could not afford to be hit
1254
00:47:28,268 --> 00:47:29,303
again.
1255
00:47:29,303 --> 00:47:31,305
everything that we hold dear was
1256
00:47:31,305 --> 00:47:33,207
at risk.
1257
00:47:33,207 --> 00:47:35,843
the greatest worry was if
1258
00:47:35,843 --> 00:47:38,178
they were that committed to the
1259
00:47:38,178 --> 00:47:40,881
attack that took place on 9/11,
1260
00:47:40,881 --> 00:47:42,683
and they had that much hate in
1261
00:47:42,683 --> 00:47:44,184
them, would they resort to a
1262
00:47:44,184 --> 00:47:46,419
nuclear weapon someplace?
1263
00:47:46,419 --> 00:47:48,254
after 9/11, we received a
1264
00:47:48,254 --> 00:47:50,089
report from a foreign service
1265
00:47:50,089 --> 00:47:52,491
that said that in august of
1266
00:47:52,491 --> 00:47:56,229
2001, bin laden and zawahiri sat
1267
00:47:56,229 --> 00:47:58,464
at a campfire with pakistani
1268
00:47:58,464 --> 00:48:00,833
nuclear scientists representing
1269
00:48:00,833 --> 00:48:03,436
a non governmental organization.
1270
00:48:03,436 --> 00:48:05,837
these nuclear scientists had
1271
00:48:05,837 --> 00:48:08,206
talked to al qaeda about the
1272
00:48:08,206 --> 00:48:10,242
practicalities of developing a
1273
00:48:10,242 --> 00:48:12,344
nuclear weapons capability.
1274
00:48:12,344 --> 00:48:15,780
the pakistanis said, "well, you
1275
00:48:15,780 --> 00:48:17,115
know, the hard part about this
1276
00:48:17,115 --> 00:48:18,350
is acquiring the fissile
1277
00:48:18,350 --> 00:48:19,718
material."
1278
00:48:19,718 --> 00:48:21,219
and then, bin laden looked at
1279
00:48:21,219 --> 00:48:22,686
him and said, "well, what makes
1280
00:48:22,686 --> 00:48:24,321
you think we don't already have
1281
00:48:24,321 --> 00:48:27,958
it?"
1282
00:48:27,958 --> 00:48:29,126
narrator: the c.i.a. believes
1283
00:48:29,126 --> 00:48:31,395
bin laden has the design,
1284
00:48:31,395 --> 00:48:35,366
materials and target for a
1285
00:48:35,366 --> 00:48:37,301
nuclear weapon.
1286
00:48:37,301 --> 00:48:39,203
we began to receive reporting
1287
00:48:39,203 --> 00:48:40,604
that al qaeda had placed a
1288
00:48:40,604 --> 00:48:43,840
nuclear weapon in new york city.
1289
00:48:49,779 --> 00:48:51,014
narrator: intelligence points
1290
00:48:51,014 --> 00:48:54,751
to subways, buildings, bridges--
1291
00:48:54,751 --> 00:48:57,854
all targeted for destruction and
1292
00:48:57,854 --> 00:48:59,388
chilling evidence that the east
1293
00:48:59,388 --> 00:49:01,623
coast of america was not the
1294
00:49:01,623 --> 00:49:04,326
only target al qaeda had chosen.
1295
00:49:04,326 --> 00:49:08,130
the 9/11 plot had also a plot
1296
00:49:08,130 --> 00:49:10,799
to attack the west coast of the
1297
00:49:10,799 --> 00:49:13,735
u.s. simultaneously using
1298
00:49:13,735 --> 00:49:19,040
airplanes hijacked from asia.
1299
00:49:19,040 --> 00:49:22,476
bin laden turned down this part
1300
00:49:22,476 --> 00:49:23,844
of the operation because he
1301
00:49:23,844 --> 00:49:26,180
considered it too complicated.
1302
00:49:26,180 --> 00:49:27,882
narrator: but now, that plot
1303
00:49:27,882 --> 00:49:29,550
to attack america's west coast
1304
00:49:29,550 --> 00:49:32,053
is given new life.
1305
00:49:32,053 --> 00:49:34,822
the c.i.a. goes into overdrive,
1306
00:49:34,822 --> 00:49:36,324
knowing that the cost of another
1307
00:49:36,324 --> 00:49:38,625
9/11 would be beyond
1308
00:49:38,625 --> 00:49:41,094
measurement.
1309
00:49:41,094 --> 00:49:42,996
this period of time, with
1310
00:49:42,996 --> 00:49:44,364
what we knew about their
1311
00:49:44,364 --> 00:49:45,932
interest in weapons of mass
1312
00:49:45,932 --> 00:49:47,867
destruction and what we knew
1313
00:49:47,867 --> 00:49:49,970
about the conventional threats
1314
00:49:49,970 --> 00:49:51,671
that we were seeing every day
1315
00:49:51,671 --> 00:49:53,606
made it feel as if we were
1316
00:49:53,606 --> 00:49:56,008
living a ticking time bomb every
1317
00:49:56,008 --> 00:49:58,210
single day for a period of three
1318
00:49:58,210 --> 00:50:01,046
years.
1319
00:50:09,121 --> 00:50:17,161
they never stopped plotting
1320
00:50:20,264 --> 00:50:21,632
against us.
1321
00:50:21,632 --> 00:50:23,735
we captured people all along for
1322
00:50:23,735 --> 00:50:25,403
the next ten years, and there
1323
00:50:25,403 --> 00:50:29,741
was always a plot involved.
1324
00:50:34,311 --> 00:50:36,346
rashid rauf was the pakistani
1325
00:50:36,346 --> 00:50:38,915
end of a plot going on in great
1326
00:50:38,915 --> 00:50:40,584
britain called the wide-body
1327
00:50:40,584 --> 00:50:42,386
plot-- incredibly significant
1328
00:50:42,386 --> 00:50:45,088
attack, multiple explosions on
1329
00:50:45,088 --> 00:50:47,124
multiple wide-bodies almost
1330
00:50:47,124 --> 00:50:49,192
simultaneously flying out of
1331
00:50:49,192 --> 00:50:51,227
great britain to a variety of
1332
00:50:51,227 --> 00:50:52,728
cities in north america.
1333
00:50:52,728 --> 00:50:55,965
can you imagine ten airplanes
1334
00:50:55,965 --> 00:50:57,566
full of innocent people
1335
00:50:57,566 --> 00:51:00,036
disappearing en route to cities
1336
00:51:00,036 --> 00:51:01,404
like new york, washington,
1337
00:51:01,404 --> 00:51:04,140
miami, chicago, los angeles,
1338
00:51:04,140 --> 00:51:05,775
montreal?
1339
00:51:05,775 --> 00:51:09,210
it would have rivaled 9/11.
1340
00:51:09,210 --> 00:51:10,045
narrator: british
1341
00:51:10,045 --> 00:51:13,481
intelligence, mi5, tracks rashid
1342
00:51:13,481 --> 00:51:16,684
rauf's al qaeda cell, his plans
1343
00:51:16,684 --> 00:51:19,921
and his improvised weapons of
1344
00:51:19,921 --> 00:51:21,256
destruction.
1345
00:51:21,256 --> 00:51:23,124
they had gathered up an awful
1346
00:51:23,124 --> 00:51:25,026
lot of hydrogen peroxide in a
1347
00:51:25,026 --> 00:51:26,861
homemade recipe, turn it into an
1348
00:51:26,861 --> 00:51:28,228
explosive and then put it into
1349
00:51:28,228 --> 00:51:29,696
sports bottles.
1350
00:51:29,696 --> 00:51:31,165
so we had great concern on our
1351
00:51:31,165 --> 00:51:32,900
side of the atlantic about
1352
00:51:32,900 --> 00:51:35,035
"let's break this up."
1353
00:51:35,035 --> 00:51:36,837
the british wanted to build up
1354
00:51:36,837 --> 00:51:38,338
as much physical evidence as
1355
00:51:38,338 --> 00:51:40,641
possible, so we're saying, "they
1356
00:51:40,641 --> 00:51:42,743
bought the hydrogen peroxide."
1357
00:51:42,743 --> 00:51:44,244
and they're saying, "we need to
1358
00:51:44,244 --> 00:51:46,879
build up more evidence."
1359
00:51:46,879 --> 00:51:49,015
the plotters had already
1360
00:51:49,015 --> 00:51:52,318
selected the ten flights they
1361
00:51:52,318 --> 00:51:55,455
were going to blow up, and i
1362
00:51:55,455 --> 00:51:57,623
said to myself, "this is
1363
00:51:57,623 --> 00:52:01,327
imminent."
1364
00:52:03,529 --> 00:52:04,397
narrator: with the london
1365
00:52:04,397 --> 00:52:06,832
plot heating up, rauf is in
1366
00:52:06,832 --> 00:52:11,369
pakistan and so is the c.i.a.
1367
00:52:11,369 --> 00:52:12,804
so, now i'm on a trip in
1368
00:52:12,804 --> 00:52:16,241
pakistan in august 2006 with my
1369
00:52:16,241 --> 00:52:17,776
head of the national clandestine
1370
00:52:17,776 --> 00:52:23,347
service, jose rodriguez.
1371
00:52:23,347 --> 00:52:26,083
i was called in by the chief
1372
00:52:26,083 --> 00:52:28,219
of pakistani intelligence and
1373
00:52:28,219 --> 00:52:30,621
told, "we may have a chance to
1374
00:52:30,621 --> 00:52:38,195
capture rauf tonight.
1375
00:52:38,195 --> 00:52:39,830
he's going to go from point a to
1376
00:52:39,830 --> 00:52:42,866
point b, and in between there is
1377
00:52:42,866 --> 00:52:44,367
a police checkpoint.
1378
00:52:44,367 --> 00:52:46,936
we can stop the bus, and we can
1379
00:52:46,936 --> 00:52:49,906
grab him."
1380
00:52:49,906 --> 00:52:51,541
our headquarters personnel had
1381
00:52:51,541 --> 00:52:54,744
pledged to mi5 that very day
1382
00:52:54,744 --> 00:52:59,115
that we would not capture rauf,
1383
00:52:59,115 --> 00:53:00,849
and i was told that prime
1384
00:53:00,849 --> 00:53:03,852
minister blair had spoken with
1385
00:53:03,852 --> 00:53:05,487
president bush that day, and
1386
00:53:05,487 --> 00:53:06,755
they had agreed that they needed
1387
00:53:06,755 --> 00:53:08,857
more time.
1388
00:53:12,427 --> 00:53:14,196
i was sitting in the car with
1389
00:53:14,196 --> 00:53:15,931
chief of station.
1390
00:53:15,931 --> 00:53:18,167
he gets a call saying, "the bus
1391
00:53:18,167 --> 00:53:20,001
is coming.
1392
00:53:20,001 --> 00:53:23,237
we need authorization to go in."
1393
00:53:23,237 --> 00:53:24,872
and the chief of station turns
1394
00:53:24,872 --> 00:53:28,476
to me and says, "what do we do,
1395
00:53:28,476 --> 00:53:30,511
boss?"
1396
00:53:33,581 --> 00:53:35,283
so jose, in a very short
1397
00:53:35,283 --> 00:53:36,984
period of time, has to make a
1398
00:53:36,984 --> 00:53:39,586
really big decision.
1399
00:53:41,688 --> 00:53:44,591
if i took the time to call
1400
00:53:44,591 --> 00:53:46,560
headquarters, it would be the
1401
00:53:46,560 --> 00:53:49,129
equivalent of saying no to the
1402
00:53:49,129 --> 00:53:51,798
operation.
1403
00:53:59,905 --> 00:54:01,840
had airplanes fallen from the
1404
00:54:01,840 --> 00:54:03,642
sky, i could see myself being
1405
00:54:03,642 --> 00:54:05,544
hauled up to the congress.
1406
00:54:05,544 --> 00:54:06,812
"let me get this straight, mr.
1407
00:54:06,812 --> 00:54:08,581
rodriguez.
1408
00:54:08,581 --> 00:54:11,584
you had a terrorist that wanted
1409
00:54:11,584 --> 00:54:14,220
to blow up u.s. airliners within
1410
00:54:14,220 --> 00:54:16,888
your grasp and you did not make
1411
00:54:16,888 --> 00:54:18,890
a decision?
1412
00:54:18,890 --> 00:54:20,458
off with your head!"
1413
00:54:20,458 --> 00:54:22,060
the decision he made was, "i
1414
00:54:22,060 --> 00:54:23,661
can't pass up the opportunity to
1415
00:54:23,661 --> 00:54:25,029
grab rashid rauf."
1416
00:54:25,029 --> 00:54:26,364
so he does.
1417
00:54:26,364 --> 00:54:29,734
we stopped a major attack
1418
00:54:29,734 --> 00:54:31,502
against us.
1419
00:54:31,502 --> 00:54:33,670
since then, of course, we can't
1420
00:54:33,670 --> 00:54:35,072
take more than-- what is it--
1421
00:54:35,072 --> 00:54:38,942
3.6 fluid ounces on airplanes,
1422
00:54:38,942 --> 00:54:41,878
but that's a small price to pay.
1423
00:54:44,348 --> 00:54:45,015
narrator: the plots keep
1424
00:54:45,015 --> 00:54:47,684
coming, with osama bin laden
1425
00:54:47,684 --> 00:54:49,353
still at large.
1426
00:54:49,353 --> 00:54:50,520
where the hell was this guy
1427
00:54:50,520 --> 00:54:52,755
that was our number one enemy?
1428
00:54:52,755 --> 00:54:54,924
every lead led nowhere for
1429
00:54:54,924 --> 00:54:57,159
almost ten years, and it was
1430
00:54:57,159 --> 00:54:58,894
pretty frustrating.
1431
00:54:58,894 --> 00:55:01,330
but then we had an indication
1432
00:55:01,330 --> 00:55:05,434
from jordan there was a doctor,
1433
00:55:05,434 --> 00:55:07,236
that if they were able to get
1434
00:55:07,236 --> 00:55:09,372
him in to pakistan he might...
1435
00:55:09,372 --> 00:55:11,840
he might be able to lead us to
1436
00:55:11,840 --> 00:55:14,276
zawahiri, who was the second in
1437
00:55:14,276 --> 00:55:16,378
command.
1438
00:55:16,378 --> 00:55:17,445
narrator: the c.i.a. believes
1439
00:55:17,445 --> 00:55:18,947
it has struck gold.
1440
00:55:18,947 --> 00:55:21,416
humam al-balawi, a jordanian
1441
00:55:21,416 --> 00:55:23,818
doctor, now promises to lead
1442
00:55:23,818 --> 00:55:26,955
them to the mother lode.
1443
00:55:26,955 --> 00:55:28,523
he had been a jihadist.
1444
00:55:28,523 --> 00:55:30,124
the jordanian intelligence
1445
00:55:30,124 --> 00:55:32,192
operation thought they had been
1446
00:55:32,192 --> 00:55:34,094
successful in flipping him.
1447
00:55:34,094 --> 00:55:35,496
so there was a lot of excitement
1448
00:55:35,496 --> 00:55:37,164
and, obviously, you know,
1449
00:55:37,164 --> 00:55:38,899
officers who spent their whole
1450
00:55:38,899 --> 00:55:41,001
life in intelligence and working
1451
00:55:41,001 --> 00:55:42,903
on these kinds of issues felt
1452
00:55:42,903 --> 00:55:44,772
that, "boy, this might be a big
1453
00:55:44,772 --> 00:55:46,707
break."
1454
00:55:46,707 --> 00:55:47,974
narrator: c.i.a. officers
1455
00:55:47,974 --> 00:55:49,542
like 30-year-old elizabeth
1456
00:55:49,542 --> 00:55:51,511
hanson and station chief
1457
00:55:51,511 --> 00:55:53,913
jennifer matthews, a 20-year
1458
00:55:53,913 --> 00:55:55,748
agency veteran.
1459
00:55:55,748 --> 00:55:57,083
jennifer matthews was in
1460
00:55:57,083 --> 00:55:58,885
charge of the officers who were
1461
00:55:58,885 --> 00:56:00,019
there.
1462
00:56:00,019 --> 00:56:00,987
i wouldn't have hesitated a
1463
00:56:00,987 --> 00:56:04,123
moment to put her into that
1464
00:56:04,123 --> 00:56:06,191
position because of her
1465
00:56:06,191 --> 00:56:07,859
capability and her proven
1466
00:56:07,859 --> 00:56:09,061
record.
1467
00:56:09,061 --> 00:56:11,196
jennifer i met in the late
1468
00:56:11,196 --> 00:56:13,832
1990s when i first came to the
1469
00:56:13,832 --> 00:56:15,600
counterterrorism center.
1470
00:56:15,600 --> 00:56:17,903
we were both working on
1471
00:56:17,903 --> 00:56:19,471
understanding the support
1472
00:56:19,471 --> 00:56:20,872
network to al qaeda in
1473
00:56:20,872 --> 00:56:23,742
afghanistan, and we were also
1474
00:56:23,742 --> 00:56:25,443
pregnant at the same time,
1475
00:56:25,443 --> 00:56:26,544
multiple times.
1476
00:56:26,544 --> 00:56:27,712
she had three children.
1477
00:56:27,712 --> 00:56:31,248
her three tracked with my... my
1478
00:56:31,248 --> 00:56:33,150
third, fourth and fifth.
1479
00:56:33,150 --> 00:56:35,286
she was chasing bin laden
1480
00:56:35,286 --> 00:56:37,154
before chasing bin laden was
1481
00:56:37,154 --> 00:56:39,056
cool, and she had actually based
1482
00:56:39,056 --> 00:56:41,192
her professional career on
1483
00:56:41,192 --> 00:56:43,360
tracking al qaeda and
1484
00:56:43,360 --> 00:56:48,498
identifying its adherents.
1485
00:56:48,498 --> 00:56:49,466
narrator: but to get to
1486
00:56:49,466 --> 00:56:51,634
osama bin laden, matthews and
1487
00:56:51,634 --> 00:56:53,703
her c.i.a. team want a
1488
00:56:53,703 --> 00:56:55,538
face-to-face meeting with
1489
00:56:55,538 --> 00:56:57,340
al-balawi.
1490
00:56:57,340 --> 00:56:58,875
it's a gamble that must be
1491
00:56:58,875 --> 00:57:01,543
approved by director panetta.
1492
00:57:01,543 --> 00:57:03,145
we at the c.i.a. felt we had
1493
00:57:03,145 --> 00:57:05,547
to establish our own credibility
1494
00:57:05,547 --> 00:57:07,149
with this guy, and, to do that,
1495
00:57:07,149 --> 00:57:08,317
you really have to sit down with
1496
00:57:08,317 --> 00:57:10,886
him and do a meeting to really
1497
00:57:10,886 --> 00:57:12,855
gain some insight as to who
1498
00:57:12,855 --> 00:57:15,791
we're dealing with.
1499
00:57:18,961 --> 00:57:21,295
the vehicle comes in to the
1500
00:57:21,295 --> 00:57:22,430
base.
1501
00:57:22,430 --> 00:57:23,631
they brought him through some of
1502
00:57:23,631 --> 00:57:25,233
the checkpoints.
1503
00:57:25,233 --> 00:57:27,301
they make the decision that they
1504
00:57:27,301 --> 00:57:29,170
are all going to go out to greet
1505
00:57:29,170 --> 00:57:30,438
him.
1506
00:57:30,438 --> 00:57:31,205
one of the mistakes that was
1507
00:57:31,205 --> 00:57:32,874
made was there was no body
1508
00:57:32,874 --> 00:57:33,474
search.
1509
00:57:33,474 --> 00:57:34,675
there was no check.
1510
00:57:34,675 --> 00:57:37,011
they thought that it would show
1511
00:57:37,011 --> 00:57:39,646
that, you know, that they were
1512
00:57:39,646 --> 00:57:41,548
friendly and that they were all
1513
00:57:41,548 --> 00:57:43,216
anxious to be able to work with
1514
00:57:43,216 --> 00:57:45,719
him.
1515
00:57:45,719 --> 00:57:47,187
narrator: but al-balawi is
1516
00:57:47,187 --> 00:57:49,990
not about to turn into a c.i.a.
1517
00:57:49,990 --> 00:57:51,458
spy.
1518
00:57:51,458 --> 00:57:52,526
we will beat you, c.i.a.
1519
00:57:52,526 --> 00:57:53,527
team.
1520
00:57:53,527 --> 00:57:54,895
inshallah, we will beat you
1521
00:57:54,895 --> 00:57:55,762
down.
1522
00:57:55,762 --> 00:57:57,096
don't think that you just
1523
00:57:57,096 --> 00:57:58,364
pressing a button, killing
1524
00:57:58,364 --> 00:58:00,032
mujahideen, you are safe.
1525
00:58:00,032 --> 00:58:02,268
inshallah, death will come to
1526
00:58:02,268 --> 00:58:03,068
you.
1527
00:58:03,068 --> 00:58:04,003
narrator: this is the video
1528
00:58:04,003 --> 00:58:06,605
he made laying out his plans,
1529
00:58:06,605 --> 00:58:09,275
his martyr suicide video.
1530
00:58:09,275 --> 00:58:10,876
look, this is for you.
1531
00:58:10,876 --> 00:58:12,211
it's not watch.
1532
00:58:12,211 --> 00:58:14,680
it's detonator to kill as much
1533
00:58:14,680 --> 00:58:16,114
as i can, inshallah.
1534
00:58:16,114 --> 00:58:17,615
this is my job, to kill you.
1535
00:58:17,615 --> 00:58:18,750
narrator: al-balawi is an al
1536
00:58:18,750 --> 00:58:22,921
qaeda agent ready to kill, ready
1537
00:58:22,921 --> 00:58:24,289
to die.
1538
00:58:24,289 --> 00:58:25,190
and you will be sent to the
1539
00:58:25,190 --> 00:58:26,891
hell.
1540
00:58:26,891 --> 00:58:28,660
his hands were hidden.
1541
00:58:28,660 --> 00:58:29,861
they demanded that he take his
1542
00:58:29,861 --> 00:58:31,196
hands out.
1543
00:58:31,196 --> 00:58:33,665
they kept yelling at him.
1544
00:58:33,665 --> 00:58:38,235
and before they knew it, he had
1545
00:58:38,235 --> 00:58:41,772
detonated his suicide vest.
1546
00:58:44,475 --> 00:58:46,376
it blew up everyone who was in
1547
00:58:46,376 --> 00:58:48,545
the area, and the ball bearings
1548
00:58:48,545 --> 00:58:50,047
from the vest actually went
1549
00:58:50,047 --> 00:58:52,082
under the vehicle and tore the
1550
00:58:52,082 --> 00:58:54,784
legs of several other officers
1551
00:58:54,784 --> 00:58:56,385
who were there so that almost
1552
00:58:56,385 --> 00:58:58,354
everybody who was in that
1553
00:58:58,354 --> 00:59:00,823
semicircle was wounded or
1554
00:59:00,823 --> 00:59:02,892
killed.
1555
00:59:05,828 --> 00:59:08,598
it was a very, very grim
1556
00:59:08,598 --> 00:59:11,900
reminder about just how much our
1557
00:59:11,900 --> 00:59:15,337
officers put themselves at risk.
1558
00:59:15,337 --> 00:59:18,473
that was a terrible, terrible
1559
00:59:18,473 --> 00:59:21,109
loss for the agency and really,
1560
00:59:21,109 --> 00:59:23,945
really shook it.
1561
00:59:23,945 --> 00:59:24,813
narrator: seven c.i.a.
1562
00:59:24,813 --> 00:59:28,383
officers are dead, including
1563
00:59:28,383 --> 00:59:32,219
elizabeth hanson and her friend,
1564
00:59:32,219 --> 00:59:35,890
jennifer matthews.
1565
00:59:35,890 --> 00:59:37,758
i have one memory of jennifer
1566
00:59:37,758 --> 00:59:40,060
that is the one i choose to
1567
00:59:40,060 --> 00:59:41,629
recall.
1568
00:59:41,629 --> 00:59:42,730
one time, jennifer and i were
1569
00:59:42,730 --> 00:59:45,633
traveling overseas, and we were
1570
00:59:45,633 --> 00:59:49,836
in a tiny little beat-up car.
1571
00:59:49,836 --> 00:59:51,704
she has the radio up, all
1572
00:59:51,704 --> 00:59:53,373
crackly and horrible.
1573
00:59:53,373 --> 00:59:56,543
but you hear the unmistakable
1574
00:59:56,543 --> 00:59:59,245
piano intro to gloria gaynor's
1575
00:59:59,245 --> 01:00:01,748
"i will survive," which any
1576
01:00:01,748 --> 01:00:03,883
woman can tell you is one of our
1577
01:00:03,883 --> 01:00:05,451
anthems.
1578
01:00:05,451 --> 01:00:08,086
and jennifer cranks that radio
1579
01:00:08,086 --> 01:00:10,822
all the way up, belting out, "as
1580
01:00:10,822 --> 01:00:12,324
long as i know how to love, i
1581
01:00:12,324 --> 01:00:14,393
know i will survive," just
1582
01:00:14,393 --> 01:00:16,261
dancing.
1583
01:00:16,261 --> 01:00:18,096
as long as i know how to love
1584
01:00:18,096 --> 01:00:20,165
i know i'll stay alive
1585
01:00:20,165 --> 01:00:22,834
that's how i remember her
1586
01:00:22,834 --> 01:00:24,770
living, larger than life.
1587
01:00:24,770 --> 01:00:28,105
she just was all heart.
1588
01:00:28,105 --> 01:00:30,007
as much as al qaeda thinks they
1589
01:00:30,007 --> 01:00:32,109
destroyed her that day, they
1590
01:00:32,109 --> 01:00:37,381
made her immortal.
1591
01:00:37,381 --> 01:00:39,884
she will always survive.
1592
01:00:47,991 --> 01:00:50,660
it was very personal,
1593
01:00:50,660 --> 01:00:52,329
personal for me, personal for
1594
01:00:52,329 --> 01:00:55,231
the other officers at the c.i.a.
1595
01:00:55,231 --> 01:00:56,600
narrator: it isn't long
1596
01:00:56,600 --> 01:00:58,001
before leon panetta makes that
1597
01:00:58,001 --> 01:01:00,270
life-and-death decision, calling
1598
01:01:00,270 --> 01:01:02,372
in a deadly drone strike on the
1599
01:01:02,372 --> 01:01:04,974
mastermind of that suicide
1600
01:01:04,974 --> 01:01:07,509
bombing-- the strike that also
1601
01:01:07,509 --> 01:01:09,645
killed his family.
1602
01:01:09,645 --> 01:01:10,479
probably the biggest
1603
01:01:10,479 --> 01:01:13,949
consequence was that the gut
1604
01:01:13,949 --> 01:01:19,221
feeling in every officers' inner
1605
01:01:19,221 --> 01:01:23,725
being that that their goal was
1606
01:01:23,725 --> 01:01:27,128
to go after the leadership of al
1607
01:01:27,128 --> 01:01:29,964
qaeda.
1608
01:01:34,068 --> 01:01:35,737
we needed to get real-time
1609
01:01:35,737 --> 01:01:37,772
information as fast as we
1610
01:01:37,772 --> 01:01:39,340
possibly could to protect the
1611
01:01:39,340 --> 01:01:40,907
country and ensure there wasn't
1612
01:01:40,907 --> 01:01:43,777
another attack on the homeland.
1613
01:01:43,777 --> 01:01:45,212
narrator: the c.i.a. under
1614
01:01:45,212 --> 01:01:46,980
george tenet now embarks on a
1615
01:01:46,980 --> 01:01:48,715
controversial interrogation
1616
01:01:48,715 --> 01:01:51,218
program that will come back to
1617
01:01:51,218 --> 01:01:54,821
haunt it, one that begins with a
1618
01:01:54,821 --> 01:01:57,758
single prisoner.
1619
01:02:00,159 --> 01:02:01,827
abu zubaydah was a major
1620
01:02:01,827 --> 01:02:03,562
terrorist facilitator and
1621
01:02:03,562 --> 01:02:05,598
planner on the part of al qaeda.
1622
01:02:05,598 --> 01:02:07,800
we believed that he had
1623
01:02:07,800 --> 01:02:09,335
important and significant
1624
01:02:09,335 --> 01:02:12,438
information to provide.
1625
01:02:16,308 --> 01:02:18,543
and through an incredibly
1626
01:02:18,543 --> 01:02:21,413
difficult targeting effort, we
1627
01:02:21,413 --> 01:02:24,215
were able to finally capture him
1628
01:02:24,215 --> 01:02:27,819
in march of 2002.
1629
01:02:29,921 --> 01:02:31,389
there was a firefight and abu
1630
01:02:31,389 --> 01:02:34,292
zubaydah is severely wounded, so
1631
01:02:34,292 --> 01:02:37,828
we needed to take him somewhere
1632
01:02:37,828 --> 01:02:39,930
where we could interrogate him
1633
01:02:39,930 --> 01:02:41,865
ourselves, away from the public
1634
01:02:41,865 --> 01:02:46,003
light.
1635
01:02:46,003 --> 01:02:47,538
we needed a place to talk to
1636
01:02:47,538 --> 01:02:48,739
them.
1637
01:02:48,739 --> 01:02:50,507
where's that going to be?
1638
01:02:50,507 --> 01:02:51,809
if you're going to do it a
1639
01:02:51,809 --> 01:02:53,310
jailhouse in pakistan, you're
1640
01:02:53,310 --> 01:02:55,011
going to get a hugely bad
1641
01:02:55,011 --> 01:02:56,479
outcome because: a, nothing's
1642
01:02:56,479 --> 01:02:57,980
going to be secret and probably
1643
01:02:57,980 --> 01:02:59,148
nobody is going to survive the
1644
01:02:59,148 --> 01:03:00,516
session, plus there will be a
1645
01:03:00,516 --> 01:03:01,718
riot on the main street in about
1646
01:03:01,718 --> 01:03:05,655
15 minutes.
1647
01:03:05,655 --> 01:03:06,856
should we bring them back to
1648
01:03:06,856 --> 01:03:08,091
the united states?
1649
01:03:08,091 --> 01:03:09,292
give them the full protection of
1650
01:03:09,292 --> 01:03:11,194
the u.s. constitution?
1651
01:03:11,194 --> 01:03:13,929
allow them to have lawyers
1652
01:03:13,929 --> 01:03:15,731
present to protect their rights
1653
01:03:15,731 --> 01:03:16,932
as if they were american
1654
01:03:16,932 --> 01:03:17,999
citizens?
1655
01:03:17,999 --> 01:03:19,067
i'd like to know, what are you
1656
01:03:19,067 --> 01:03:20,135
going to tell the director of
1657
01:03:20,135 --> 01:03:25,607
central intelligence to do?
1658
01:03:25,607 --> 01:03:26,408
narrator: in order to
1659
01:03:26,408 --> 01:03:27,976
interrogate their prisoners, the
1660
01:03:27,976 --> 01:03:29,678
c.i.a. creates a network of
1661
01:03:29,678 --> 01:03:33,681
so-called black sites, secret
1662
01:03:33,681 --> 01:03:35,416
prisons that eventually will
1663
01:03:35,416 --> 01:03:37,618
hold at least 119 suspected al
1664
01:03:37,618 --> 01:03:41,021
qaeda terrorists.
1665
01:03:43,324 --> 01:03:45,626
in charge of the sites is jose
1666
01:03:45,626 --> 01:03:47,561
rodriguez.
1667
01:03:47,561 --> 01:03:49,063
the black sites were
1668
01:03:49,063 --> 01:03:52,132
instrumental in helping us gain
1669
01:03:52,132 --> 01:03:55,034
very invaluable information.
1670
01:03:55,034 --> 01:03:56,336
some critics might say,
1671
01:03:56,336 --> 01:03:57,904
"well, wait a minute, you wanted
1672
01:03:57,904 --> 01:03:59,506
to be able to abuse this guy.
1673
01:03:59,506 --> 01:04:00,740
you didn't want any rules.
1674
01:04:00,740 --> 01:04:01,574
you wanted to..."
1675
01:04:01,574 --> 01:04:03,042
well, that's...
1676
01:04:03,042 --> 01:04:03,643
"...torture the guy."
1677
01:04:03,643 --> 01:04:04,177
that's bullshit.
1678
01:04:04,177 --> 01:04:06,212
we get accused by human right
1679
01:04:06,212 --> 01:04:10,015
activists that we created this
1680
01:04:10,015 --> 01:04:11,750
black site in order to abuse
1681
01:04:11,750 --> 01:04:12,751
people.
1682
01:04:12,751 --> 01:04:17,256
in fact, by accepting prisoners,
1683
01:04:17,256 --> 01:04:19,191
we actually became responsible
1684
01:04:19,191 --> 01:04:21,960
for them, for their health, for
1685
01:04:21,960 --> 01:04:25,964
them totally.
1686
01:04:29,167 --> 01:04:31,602
abu zubaydah had provided some
1687
01:04:31,602 --> 01:04:34,071
early useful information, and
1688
01:04:34,071 --> 01:04:36,674
then he stopped talking.
1689
01:04:36,674 --> 01:04:38,176
george tenet was going to the
1690
01:04:38,176 --> 01:04:39,710
white house every day and the
1691
01:04:39,710 --> 01:04:41,579
president was asking george,
1692
01:04:41,579 --> 01:04:44,115
"what is abu zubaydah saying
1693
01:04:44,115 --> 01:04:45,715
about the second wave of attacks
1694
01:04:45,715 --> 01:04:46,783
and about all these other
1695
01:04:46,783 --> 01:04:47,651
programs?"
1696
01:04:47,651 --> 01:04:48,718
well, he was not saying
1697
01:04:48,718 --> 01:04:51,021
anything, and we knew we had to
1698
01:04:51,021 --> 01:04:52,689
do something different.
1699
01:04:52,689 --> 01:04:54,991
and over the summer months of
1700
01:04:54,991 --> 01:04:57,994
2002 put together what became
1701
01:04:57,994 --> 01:04:59,396
the enhanced interrogation
1702
01:04:59,396 --> 01:05:04,433
program.
1703
01:05:04,433 --> 01:05:05,968
narrator: to run its program,
1704
01:05:05,968 --> 01:05:07,169
the c.i.a. hires two
1705
01:05:07,169 --> 01:05:08,504
psychologists who had trained
1706
01:05:08,504 --> 01:05:10,406
u.s. airmen to resist enemy
1707
01:05:10,406 --> 01:05:11,607
torture.
1708
01:05:11,607 --> 01:05:12,842
they have no experience in
1709
01:05:12,842 --> 01:05:14,710
interrogation and no knowledge
1710
01:05:14,710 --> 01:05:17,079
of al qaeda, but their company
1711
01:05:17,079 --> 01:05:19,548
is paid a staggering sum of $81
1712
01:05:19,548 --> 01:05:23,918
million.
1713
01:05:23,918 --> 01:05:24,919
a lot of people talked about
1714
01:05:24,919 --> 01:05:26,554
"just have tea with the guy and
1715
01:05:26,554 --> 01:05:28,423
establish some sort of rapport."
1716
01:05:28,423 --> 01:05:29,991
i get it.
1717
01:05:29,991 --> 01:05:33,094
i get that if you've got time.
1718
01:05:33,094 --> 01:05:34,562
we didn't have time.
1719
01:05:34,562 --> 01:05:35,730
we needed to accelerate the
1720
01:05:35,730 --> 01:05:38,867
process.
1721
01:05:38,867 --> 01:05:40,101
what we were trying to do was to
1722
01:05:40,101 --> 01:05:42,402
move individuals from a zone of
1723
01:05:42,402 --> 01:05:44,738
defiance into a zone of
1724
01:05:44,738 --> 01:05:47,007
cooperation, and then the
1725
01:05:47,007 --> 01:05:50,711
intelligence gathering began.
1726
01:05:53,113 --> 01:05:54,381
narrator: under c.i.a.
1727
01:05:54,381 --> 01:05:56,250
supervision, detainees would be
1728
01:05:56,250 --> 01:05:59,086
slapped and grabbed; deprived of
1729
01:05:59,086 --> 01:06:02,722
sleep; forced onto liquid diets;
1730
01:06:02,722 --> 01:06:04,824
even confined in a coffin-like
1731
01:06:04,824 --> 01:06:09,929
box with live insects.
1732
01:06:09,929 --> 01:06:11,464
there was nudity.
1733
01:06:11,464 --> 01:06:12,965
there was water dousing, cramped
1734
01:06:12,965 --> 01:06:15,635
confinement, stress positions.
1735
01:06:15,635 --> 01:06:16,702
narrator: and then there is a
1736
01:06:16,702 --> 01:06:18,403
technique made infamous by
1737
01:06:18,403 --> 01:06:21,139
hollywood: waterboarding.
1738
01:06:21,139 --> 01:06:22,707
where was the last time you
1739
01:06:22,707 --> 01:06:24,209
saw bin laden?
1740
01:06:24,209 --> 01:06:25,911
where was the last time you saw
1741
01:06:25,911 --> 01:06:28,413
bin laden, huh?
1742
01:06:28,413 --> 01:06:30,982
when you lie to me, i hurt you.
1743
01:06:30,982 --> 01:06:32,884
the opening scene of "zero
1744
01:06:32,884 --> 01:06:35,186
dark thirty," where you see all
1745
01:06:35,186 --> 01:06:38,088
these prisoners being abused by
1746
01:06:38,088 --> 01:06:41,959
c.i.a. officers, spontaneous
1747
01:06:41,959 --> 01:06:44,261
waterboarding with a pail--
1748
01:06:44,261 --> 01:06:47,197
total bullshit.
1749
01:06:47,197 --> 01:06:48,899
made up stuff.
1750
01:06:48,899 --> 01:06:50,834
waterboarding as practiced by
1751
01:06:50,834 --> 01:06:53,904
the chinese, the nazis, the
1752
01:06:53,904 --> 01:06:57,140
spanish inquisition is torture
1753
01:06:57,140 --> 01:06:59,175
and has always been torture.
1754
01:06:59,175 --> 01:07:00,543
but the waterboarding that was
1755
01:07:00,543 --> 01:07:03,579
applied was different, okay.
1756
01:07:03,579 --> 01:07:04,781
how is it different?
1757
01:07:04,781 --> 01:07:06,149
it's different because it
1758
01:07:06,149 --> 01:07:07,383
doesn't use as much water.
1759
01:07:07,383 --> 01:07:14,089
they don't drown anybody.
1760
01:07:14,089 --> 01:07:16,191
the body responds as if the
1761
01:07:16,191 --> 01:07:18,093
body thinks its drowning.
1762
01:07:18,093 --> 01:07:19,594
am i happy we had to do it?
1763
01:07:19,594 --> 01:07:21,363
of course not.
1764
01:07:21,363 --> 01:07:23,966
we had doctors there to make
1765
01:07:23,966 --> 01:07:26,835
sure that no harm came to the
1766
01:07:26,835 --> 01:07:27,970
individual.
1767
01:07:27,970 --> 01:07:30,639
i'm not trying to minimize how
1768
01:07:30,639 --> 01:07:34,709
unpleasant this technique was.
1769
01:07:34,709 --> 01:07:36,844
it is not torture.
1770
01:07:36,844 --> 01:07:38,346
you know, lawyers looked at
1771
01:07:38,346 --> 01:07:39,447
this.
1772
01:07:39,447 --> 01:07:40,681
had they said, this is torture,
1773
01:07:40,681 --> 01:07:42,283
we would not do it.
1774
01:07:42,283 --> 01:07:43,651
the most important thing that
1775
01:07:43,651 --> 01:07:47,755
happens here is these techniques
1776
01:07:47,755 --> 01:07:49,290
and the proposal to use these
1777
01:07:49,290 --> 01:07:51,491
techniques on any human being
1778
01:07:51,491 --> 01:07:52,759
are sent to the department of
1779
01:07:52,759 --> 01:07:54,060
justice immediately because we
1780
01:07:54,060 --> 01:07:55,695
want to know that it is legal
1781
01:07:55,695 --> 01:07:57,897
under u.s. law and does not in
1782
01:07:57,897 --> 01:08:00,033
any way compromise our adherence
1783
01:08:00,033 --> 01:08:01,267
to international torture
1784
01:08:01,267 --> 01:08:02,102
statutes.
1785
01:08:02,102 --> 01:08:03,336
and the attorney general of the
1786
01:08:03,336 --> 01:08:05,405
united states told us that it
1787
01:08:05,405 --> 01:08:06,539
did not.
1788
01:08:06,539 --> 01:08:08,541
it's also important to know that
1789
01:08:08,541 --> 01:08:09,775
the president of the united
1790
01:08:09,775 --> 01:08:11,543
states authorized these
1791
01:08:11,543 --> 01:08:12,878
techniques.
1792
01:08:12,878 --> 01:08:13,979
the president read the memo,
1793
01:08:13,979 --> 01:08:15,114
looked at the techniques and
1794
01:08:15,114 --> 01:08:16,281
decided he was going to take two
1795
01:08:16,281 --> 01:08:17,649
techniques off the table
1796
01:08:17,649 --> 01:08:18,617
himself.
1797
01:08:18,617 --> 01:08:20,019
i do not know nor do i recall
1798
01:08:20,019 --> 01:08:21,320
what techniques were taken off
1799
01:08:21,320 --> 01:08:22,488
the table.
1800
01:08:22,488 --> 01:08:24,223
only three detainees were
1801
01:08:24,223 --> 01:08:25,824
ever waterboarded, by the way.
1802
01:08:25,824 --> 01:08:28,426
three killers that had american
1803
01:08:28,426 --> 01:08:29,360
blood on their hands were
1804
01:08:29,360 --> 01:08:30,762
waterboarded by us.
1805
01:08:30,762 --> 01:08:32,230
give me a break.
1806
01:08:32,230 --> 01:08:37,802
give me a break.
1807
01:08:37,802 --> 01:08:39,137
narrator: but there are some
1808
01:08:39,137 --> 01:08:42,273
inside the c.i.a. who have grave
1809
01:08:42,273 --> 01:08:46,276
doubts.
1810
01:08:46,276 --> 01:08:47,377
there were a number of those
1811
01:08:47,377 --> 01:08:50,113
techniques that i personally
1812
01:08:50,113 --> 01:08:54,918
felt were inappropriate, not
1813
01:08:54,918 --> 01:09:00,824
necessary, beyond the pale.
1814
01:09:00,824 --> 01:09:02,592
i was not in the... in the chain
1815
01:09:02,592 --> 01:09:03,860
of command, but i was a c.i.a.
1816
01:09:03,860 --> 01:09:04,327
officer.
1817
01:09:04,327 --> 01:09:05,361
i was a senior c.i.a. officer at
1818
01:09:05,361 --> 01:09:07,630
the time, and i had expressed
1819
01:09:07,630 --> 01:09:13,269
my... my discomfort and my... my
1820
01:09:13,269 --> 01:09:16,272
concerns about these techniques,
1821
01:09:16,272 --> 01:09:17,506
believing that they were going
1822
01:09:17,506 --> 01:09:21,143
to come back to haunt us, the
1823
01:09:21,143 --> 01:09:22,445
c.i.a.
1824
01:09:22,445 --> 01:09:24,379
i did that with individuals,
1825
01:09:24,379 --> 01:09:25,914
colleagues at the agency.
1826
01:09:25,914 --> 01:09:27,882
did he ever come and complain
1827
01:09:27,882 --> 01:09:28,883
to you about the
1828
01:09:28,883 --> 01:09:29,584
enhanced-interrogation
1829
01:09:29,584 --> 01:09:30,418
techniques?
1830
01:09:30,418 --> 01:09:31,152
nope.
1831
01:09:31,152 --> 01:09:32,253
he never came to you and
1832
01:09:32,253 --> 01:09:33,688
said, "hey, you know what,
1833
01:09:33,688 --> 01:09:34,689
george?
1834
01:09:34,689 --> 01:09:35,824
i think this is wrong"?
1835
01:09:35,824 --> 01:09:36,558
nope.
1836
01:09:36,558 --> 01:09:37,192
he never did?
1837
01:09:37,192 --> 01:09:38,226
nope.
1838
01:09:38,226 --> 01:09:40,562
it's not as though i went up
1839
01:09:40,562 --> 01:09:41,795
and down the halls of the c.i.a.
1840
01:09:41,795 --> 01:09:42,629
and said, "we shouldn't be doing
1841
01:09:42,629 --> 01:09:43,297
this, we shouldn't be doing
1842
01:09:43,297 --> 01:09:43,864
this."
1843
01:09:43,864 --> 01:09:45,365
looking back on it now, should i
1844
01:09:45,365 --> 01:09:48,001
have spoken out more loudly
1845
01:09:48,001 --> 01:09:49,670
about it?
1846
01:09:49,670 --> 01:09:51,605
maybe.
1847
01:09:51,605 --> 01:09:54,641
i think about that a lot.
1848
01:09:54,641 --> 01:09:56,777
now you say that this program
1849
01:09:56,777 --> 01:09:58,812
was carefully managed.
1850
01:09:58,812 --> 01:10:00,114
yes.
1851
01:10:00,114 --> 01:10:01,714
did anybody die?
1852
01:10:01,714 --> 01:10:03,950
at the beginning of 2002 when
1853
01:10:03,950 --> 01:10:06,986
we started to take prisoners, we
1854
01:10:06,986 --> 01:10:08,521
just did not know what we were
1855
01:10:08,521 --> 01:10:09,522
doing.
1856
01:10:09,522 --> 01:10:10,923
we are not jailers.
1857
01:10:10,923 --> 01:10:13,159
we don't have those skills.
1858
01:10:13,159 --> 01:10:15,895
and abuses were made, and we
1859
01:10:15,895 --> 01:10:17,530
have 'fessed up to those.
1860
01:10:17,530 --> 01:10:18,564
early on in the program,
1861
01:10:18,564 --> 01:10:19,764
there were terrible mistakes
1862
01:10:19,764 --> 01:10:20,365
made.
1863
01:10:20,365 --> 01:10:21,666
there were immediate justice
1864
01:10:21,666 --> 01:10:23,001
department referrals made.
1865
01:10:23,001 --> 01:10:24,236
and two people did die, and it's
1866
01:10:24,236 --> 01:10:26,371
regrettable.
1867
01:10:26,371 --> 01:10:27,639
narrator: one detainee,
1868
01:10:27,639 --> 01:10:29,074
severely injured during his
1869
01:10:29,074 --> 01:10:31,143
capture, is left untreated
1870
01:10:31,143 --> 01:10:33,011
during a c.i.a. interrogation at
1871
01:10:33,011 --> 01:10:36,982
an iraqi prison and dies.
1872
01:10:36,982 --> 01:10:39,383
another is shackled half-naked
1873
01:10:39,383 --> 01:10:41,986
on a cold floor at a c.i.a.
1874
01:10:41,986 --> 01:10:45,022
black site in afghanistan.
1875
01:10:45,022 --> 01:10:51,195
he is found dead of hypothermia.
1876
01:10:51,195 --> 01:10:52,696
no charges are ever brought
1877
01:10:52,696 --> 01:10:55,132
against the officers involved.
1878
01:10:55,132 --> 01:10:57,934
it's awful that those things
1879
01:10:57,934 --> 01:11:00,336
happen, but happen... shit
1880
01:11:00,336 --> 01:11:01,437
happens, you know.
1881
01:11:01,437 --> 01:11:02,739
i mean, you know, we were at
1882
01:11:02,739 --> 01:11:04,140
war.
1883
01:11:04,140 --> 01:11:07,777
the fog of war.
1884
01:11:07,777 --> 01:11:08,845
narrator: some c.i.a.
1885
01:11:08,845 --> 01:11:10,113
officers who witness the
1886
01:11:10,113 --> 01:11:13,316
interrogations are so disturbed
1887
01:11:13,316 --> 01:11:18,387
they break down in tears.
1888
01:11:18,387 --> 01:11:19,655
my personal view is, "thank
1889
01:11:19,655 --> 01:11:22,524
god," all right?
1890
01:11:22,524 --> 01:11:24,426
i would not want anyone in that
1891
01:11:24,426 --> 01:11:26,361
room doing this to another human
1892
01:11:26,361 --> 01:11:28,630
being if they were not
1893
01:11:28,630 --> 01:11:31,600
emotionally disturbed by what it
1894
01:11:31,600 --> 01:11:35,536
was they felt they had to do.
1895
01:11:35,536 --> 01:11:37,772
look, he's a terrorist, but he's
1896
01:11:37,772 --> 01:11:40,708
also a person, and i would never
1897
01:11:40,708 --> 01:11:43,711
want agency officers to forget
1898
01:11:43,711 --> 01:11:47,381
both realities.
1899
01:11:52,452 --> 01:11:53,954
narrator: george tenet says
1900
01:11:53,954 --> 01:11:55,722
that abu zubaydah, his
1901
01:11:55,722 --> 01:11:57,691
resistance weakened, gives up a
1902
01:11:57,691 --> 01:11:59,292
valuable lead to the whereabouts
1903
01:11:59,292 --> 01:12:01,361
of an al qaeda terrorist second
1904
01:12:01,361 --> 01:12:03,697
in importance only to osama bin
1905
01:12:03,697 --> 01:12:07,267
laden himself.
1906
01:12:07,267 --> 01:12:09,536
khalid sheikh mohammed, the
1907
01:12:09,536 --> 01:12:11,337
architect of 9/11, was captured
1908
01:12:11,337 --> 01:12:13,272
as a result of an elaborate
1909
01:12:13,272 --> 01:12:15,274
human operation that was
1910
01:12:15,274 --> 01:12:17,843
informed by data that
1911
01:12:17,843 --> 01:12:22,214
interrogated detainees gave us.
1912
01:12:22,214 --> 01:12:23,916
we took him to a black site
1913
01:12:23,916 --> 01:12:25,184
where we would have the
1914
01:12:25,184 --> 01:12:27,386
opportunity to debrief him on
1915
01:12:27,386 --> 01:12:29,287
what he knew about threats
1916
01:12:29,287 --> 01:12:33,091
against our homeland.
1917
01:12:33,091 --> 01:12:37,228
he was smart, scary smart.
1918
01:12:37,228 --> 01:12:38,863
hannibal lecter.
1919
01:12:38,863 --> 01:12:40,632
pure evil.
1920
01:12:40,632 --> 01:12:43,668
the type of individual that is
1921
01:12:43,668 --> 01:12:47,904
able to dream up different ways
1922
01:12:47,904 --> 01:12:51,041
of killing us.
1923
01:12:51,041 --> 01:12:52,676
we asked him, "what do you know
1924
01:12:52,676 --> 01:12:55,712
about plots against the u.s.?"
1925
01:12:55,712 --> 01:12:57,481
and his answer was, "soon you
1926
01:12:57,481 --> 01:13:00,350
will know," which was a chilling
1927
01:13:00,350 --> 01:13:04,021
response because we also knew
1928
01:13:04,021 --> 01:13:05,622
that he was planning a second
1929
01:13:05,622 --> 01:13:09,659
wave of attacks.
1930
01:13:09,659 --> 01:13:11,294
my name is daniel pearl.
1931
01:13:11,294 --> 01:13:12,895
i'm a jewish american.
1932
01:13:12,895 --> 01:13:15,631
he eventually confessed to
1933
01:13:15,631 --> 01:13:18,734
the killing of daniel pearl, the
1934
01:13:18,734 --> 01:13:22,104
"wall street journal" reporter.
1935
01:13:22,104 --> 01:13:23,272
and it was like a matter of
1936
01:13:23,272 --> 01:13:24,806
fact.
1937
01:13:24,806 --> 01:13:27,442
he said, "look, i killed him.
1938
01:13:27,442 --> 01:13:29,878
i slaughtered him, cut him into
1939
01:13:29,878 --> 01:13:31,379
pieces.
1940
01:13:31,379 --> 01:13:35,684
i put him in a shallow grave."
1941
01:13:35,684 --> 01:13:37,652
he actually didn't have a
1942
01:13:37,652 --> 01:13:39,888
problem with waterboarding.
1943
01:13:39,888 --> 01:13:43,857
he withstood waterboarding.
1944
01:13:43,857 --> 01:13:47,795
khalid sheikh mohammed knew that
1945
01:13:47,795 --> 01:13:49,897
in all likelihood we would stop
1946
01:13:49,897 --> 01:13:51,799
at ten seconds, and he would
1947
01:13:51,799 --> 01:13:53,534
count with his fingers.
1948
01:13:53,534 --> 01:13:56,904
he would go and then look at us
1949
01:13:56,904 --> 01:13:58,472
like, "you know, hey, it's time
1950
01:13:58,472 --> 01:13:59,840
to stop."
1951
01:13:59,840 --> 01:14:01,841
had it not been for the
1952
01:14:01,841 --> 01:14:04,944
accumulation of techniques...
1953
01:14:04,944 --> 01:14:07,046
and i think sleep deprivation
1954
01:14:07,046 --> 01:14:10,483
finally led him to become
1955
01:14:10,483 --> 01:14:12,051
compliant.
1956
01:14:12,051 --> 01:14:13,553
afterwards, he wouldn't stop
1957
01:14:13,553 --> 01:14:16,756
talking.
1958
01:14:16,756 --> 01:14:18,024
narrator: waterboarded and
1959
01:14:18,024 --> 01:14:19,726
sleep-deprived, khalid sheik
1960
01:14:19,726 --> 01:14:21,426
muhammed would inadvertently
1961
01:14:21,426 --> 01:14:22,961
help point the c.i.a. to its
1962
01:14:22,961 --> 01:14:24,963
ultimate target: osama bin
1963
01:14:24,963 --> 01:14:26,198
laden.
1964
01:14:26,198 --> 01:14:27,799
it was only when a number of
1965
01:14:27,799 --> 01:14:30,769
detainees after interrogation
1966
01:14:30,769 --> 01:14:33,105
revealed that indeed bin laden
1967
01:14:33,105 --> 01:14:34,373
had sent a message to his
1968
01:14:34,373 --> 01:14:35,807
operations chief via this
1969
01:14:35,807 --> 01:14:37,642
courier that flagged this
1970
01:14:37,642 --> 01:14:39,910
courier and caused him to rise
1971
01:14:39,910 --> 01:14:41,212
to the top of the many
1972
01:14:41,212 --> 01:14:42,613
candidates of people we could
1973
01:14:42,613 --> 01:14:43,748
follow.
1974
01:14:43,748 --> 01:14:45,850
we then raised abu ahmed al
1975
01:14:45,850 --> 01:14:48,352
kuwaiti as a name to khalid
1976
01:14:48,352 --> 01:14:49,754
sheik mohammed, who, at that
1977
01:14:49,754 --> 01:14:50,821
point, had become largely
1978
01:14:50,821 --> 01:14:51,689
cooperative.
1979
01:14:51,689 --> 01:14:52,957
and then, since we've got the
1980
01:14:52,957 --> 01:14:55,926
place wired, we hear k.s.m. tell
1981
01:14:55,926 --> 01:14:58,027
other detainees, "don't talk
1982
01:14:58,027 --> 01:14:59,396
about the courier."
1983
01:14:59,396 --> 01:15:01,164
and our folks in the bin laden
1984
01:15:01,164 --> 01:15:04,667
cell go after abu ahmed one
1985
01:15:04,667 --> 01:15:06,970
grain of sand at a time,
1986
01:15:06,970 --> 01:15:09,072
identify him and follow him
1987
01:15:09,072 --> 01:15:12,675
eventually to abbottabad.
1988
01:15:16,979 --> 01:15:17,679
narrator: the mission that
1989
01:15:17,679 --> 01:15:19,515
would kill osama bin laden--
1990
01:15:19,515 --> 01:15:21,784
operation neptune spear-- would
1991
01:15:21,784 --> 01:15:24,219
be a c.i.a. covert operation,
1992
01:15:24,219 --> 01:15:25,587
the chain of command going
1993
01:15:25,587 --> 01:15:27,389
straight from the president to
1994
01:15:27,389 --> 01:15:29,491
c.i.a. director panetta to the
1995
01:15:29,491 --> 01:15:31,326
navy seals.
1996
01:15:31,326 --> 01:15:33,128
tonight, i can report to the
1997
01:15:33,128 --> 01:15:35,430
american people and to the world
1998
01:15:35,430 --> 01:15:36,798
that the united states has
1999
01:15:36,798 --> 01:15:38,132
conducted an operation that
2000
01:15:38,132 --> 01:15:40,535
killed osama bin laden, the
2001
01:15:40,535 --> 01:15:42,403
leader of al qaeda...
2002
01:15:42,403 --> 01:15:46,841
u.s.a., u.s.a., u.s.a.!
2003
01:15:46,841 --> 01:15:48,776
hearing people outside the
2004
01:15:48,776 --> 01:15:50,411
gates of the white house
2005
01:15:50,411 --> 01:15:53,079
chanting, "u.s.a., u.s.a.,
2006
01:15:53,079 --> 01:15:57,117
c.i.a.," it was something that
2007
01:15:57,117 --> 01:15:59,085
will be a memory that i'll have
2008
01:15:59,085 --> 01:16:02,389
for the rest of my life.
2009
01:16:08,995 --> 01:16:10,530
the c.i.a.'s enhanced
2010
01:16:10,530 --> 01:16:12,264
interrogation techniques were
2011
01:16:12,264 --> 01:16:14,200
not an effective way to gather
2012
01:16:14,200 --> 01:16:16,669
intelligence information.
2013
01:16:16,669 --> 01:16:18,938
the c.i.a. provided inaccurate
2014
01:16:18,938 --> 01:16:21,607
information to the white house,
2015
01:16:21,607 --> 01:16:23,609
the department of justice,
2016
01:16:23,609 --> 01:16:24,543
congress.
2017
01:16:24,543 --> 01:16:27,079
the c.i.a. program was far more
2018
01:16:27,079 --> 01:16:29,281
brutal than people were led to
2019
01:16:29,281 --> 01:16:32,851
believe.
2020
01:16:32,851 --> 01:16:34,285
the country deserved a
2021
01:16:34,285 --> 01:16:35,620
thoughtful assessment of what
2022
01:16:35,620 --> 01:16:36,888
happened in the immediate years
2023
01:16:36,888 --> 01:16:38,156
after 9/11.
2024
01:16:38,156 --> 01:16:40,625
that's not what we got.
2025
01:16:40,625 --> 01:16:42,227
they did things which i
2026
01:16:42,227 --> 01:16:44,062
really consider immoral.
2027
01:16:44,062 --> 01:16:45,363
c.i.a. interrogators used
2028
01:16:45,363 --> 01:16:47,131
brutal techniques that went well
2029
01:16:47,131 --> 01:16:48,799
beyond the limits of the law.
2030
01:16:48,799 --> 01:16:50,033
some of these practices
2031
01:16:50,033 --> 01:16:51,368
amounted to torture.
2032
01:16:51,368 --> 01:16:52,603
we were very careful to stop
2033
01:16:52,603 --> 01:16:54,171
short of torture.
2034
01:16:54,171 --> 01:16:55,372
in the immediate aftermath of
2035
01:16:55,372 --> 01:16:57,708
9/11, we did some things that
2036
01:16:57,708 --> 01:16:59,443
were wrong.
2037
01:16:59,443 --> 01:17:00,544
we did a whole lot of things
2038
01:17:00,544 --> 01:17:03,780
that were right, but we tortured
2039
01:17:03,780 --> 01:17:07,617
some folks.
2040
01:17:07,617 --> 01:17:09,018
we did some things that were
2041
01:17:09,018 --> 01:17:12,388
contrary to our values.
2042
01:17:12,388 --> 01:17:13,623
narrator: after a five-year
2043
01:17:13,623 --> 01:17:15,157
investigation of more than six
2044
01:17:15,157 --> 01:17:16,559
million pages of c.i.a.
2045
01:17:16,559 --> 01:17:18,194
documents, the democratic
2046
01:17:18,194 --> 01:17:19,595
majority of the senate select
2047
01:17:19,595 --> 01:17:21,697
committee on intelligence issues
2048
01:17:21,697 --> 01:17:23,933
a scathing indictment.
2049
01:17:23,933 --> 01:17:25,467
it says the agency misled
2050
01:17:25,467 --> 01:17:27,435
congress about the brutality of
2051
01:17:27,435 --> 01:17:29,237
its interrogation program and
2052
01:17:29,237 --> 01:17:30,672
that no evidence was produced
2053
01:17:30,672 --> 01:17:32,541
that disrupted plots or saved
2054
01:17:32,541 --> 01:17:35,377
lives.
2055
01:17:38,780 --> 01:17:40,415
the effectiveness and morality
2056
01:17:40,415 --> 01:17:41,816
of the program would trigger an
2057
01:17:41,816 --> 01:17:43,718
impassioned debate among the
2058
01:17:43,718 --> 01:17:46,420
directors.
2059
01:17:46,420 --> 01:17:47,955
people are throwing the word
2060
01:17:47,955 --> 01:17:50,558
"torture" around, you know, as
2061
01:17:50,558 --> 01:17:52,059
if... as if we're... we're
2062
01:17:52,059 --> 01:17:57,398
torturers.
2063
01:17:57,398 --> 01:17:59,133
i'm not going to ever accept the
2064
01:17:59,133 --> 01:18:00,334
use of the word "torture" in
2065
01:18:00,334 --> 01:18:02,535
front of what... what happened
2066
01:18:02,535 --> 01:18:03,503
here.
2067
01:18:03,503 --> 01:18:05,171
i'm not going to fall to that.
2068
01:18:05,171 --> 01:18:06,406
if you think somebody knows
2069
01:18:06,406 --> 01:18:07,974
something that would help you
2070
01:18:07,974 --> 01:18:10,877
save american lives, how far
2071
01:18:10,877 --> 01:18:13,513
should or could you go to get
2072
01:18:13,513 --> 01:18:14,881
that information?
2073
01:18:14,881 --> 01:18:16,616
of course, the terrible word
2074
01:18:16,616 --> 01:18:18,351
"torture" comes to mind.
2075
01:18:18,351 --> 01:18:20,086
the term "torture" is a very,
2076
01:18:20,086 --> 01:18:21,453
very loaded word.
2077
01:18:21,453 --> 01:18:23,322
if you don't believe that
2078
01:18:23,322 --> 01:18:25,357
there is a distinction between
2079
01:18:25,357 --> 01:18:27,526
enhanced interrogation and
2080
01:18:27,526 --> 01:18:29,962
torture, the conversation is
2081
01:18:29,962 --> 01:18:30,762
over.
2082
01:18:30,762 --> 01:18:32,297
you can slice and dice the
2083
01:18:32,297 --> 01:18:34,199
semantics a number of different
2084
01:18:34,199 --> 01:18:35,100
ways.
2085
01:18:35,100 --> 01:18:36,902
i think it's hard to not
2086
01:18:36,902 --> 01:18:38,403
describe some of the techniques
2087
01:18:38,403 --> 01:18:40,504
that were used as torture.
2088
01:18:40,504 --> 01:18:42,640
if i were captured by an
2089
01:18:42,640 --> 01:18:44,575
adversary and somebody slapped
2090
01:18:44,575 --> 01:18:45,943
me in the face, would i come
2091
01:18:45,943 --> 01:18:47,044
back and say i was tortured?
2092
01:18:47,044 --> 01:18:48,079
no.
2093
01:18:48,079 --> 01:18:49,246
if somebody waterboarded me,
2094
01:18:49,246 --> 01:18:50,281
would i come back and say i was
2095
01:18:50,281 --> 01:18:51,582
tortured?
2096
01:18:51,582 --> 01:18:52,717
yes.
2097
01:18:52,717 --> 01:18:54,051
i think it was torture.
2098
01:18:54,051 --> 01:18:58,822
i really do.
2099
01:18:58,822 --> 01:19:01,024
history will judge us by our
2100
01:19:01,024 --> 01:19:03,326
commitment to a just society
2101
01:19:03,326 --> 01:19:05,128
governed by law and the
2102
01:19:05,128 --> 01:19:07,497
willingness to face an ugly
2103
01:19:07,497 --> 01:19:12,836
truth and say "never again."
2104
01:19:12,836 --> 01:19:14,738
i think it is a hopelessly
2105
01:19:14,738 --> 01:19:16,640
incorrect conclusion based on
2106
01:19:16,640 --> 01:19:18,607
flawed information.
2107
01:19:18,607 --> 01:19:21,110
our review was a meticulous
2108
01:19:21,110 --> 01:19:23,779
and detailed examination of
2109
01:19:23,779 --> 01:19:25,080
records.
2110
01:19:25,080 --> 01:19:26,215
none of the principals
2111
01:19:26,215 --> 01:19:27,783
involved in this were
2112
01:19:27,783 --> 01:19:29,151
interviewed, which is rather
2113
01:19:29,151 --> 01:19:31,053
important because the alleged
2114
01:19:31,053 --> 01:19:34,256
motive of this study was to find
2115
01:19:34,256 --> 01:19:36,524
out how this came to pass, what
2116
01:19:36,524 --> 01:19:38,026
happened and make sure it never
2117
01:19:38,026 --> 01:19:39,227
happens again.
2118
01:19:39,227 --> 01:19:40,962
enhanced interrogation
2119
01:19:40,962 --> 01:19:42,497
techniques without any doubt in
2120
01:19:42,497 --> 01:19:44,699
my mind produced unique
2121
01:19:44,699 --> 01:19:47,835
intelligence that stopped plots,
2122
01:19:47,835 --> 01:19:49,904
saved lives, took additional
2123
01:19:49,904 --> 01:19:51,372
senior al qaeda officers off the
2124
01:19:51,372 --> 01:19:52,907
battlefield.
2125
01:19:52,907 --> 01:19:54,875
we took 20 examples that the
2126
01:19:54,875 --> 01:19:57,711
c.i.a. itself claimed to show
2127
01:19:57,711 --> 01:19:59,413
the success of these
2128
01:19:59,413 --> 01:20:02,015
interrogations, and not a single
2129
01:20:02,015 --> 01:20:03,750
case holds up.
2130
01:20:03,750 --> 01:20:05,118
they are virtually wrong in
2131
01:20:05,118 --> 01:20:08,321
all 20 of the cases.
2132
01:20:08,321 --> 01:20:10,424
one of the 20 cases is a
2133
01:20:10,424 --> 01:20:12,025
senior al qaeda operative
2134
01:20:12,025 --> 01:20:14,427
telling us that al qaeda had
2135
01:20:14,427 --> 01:20:17,496
moved to a particular city in
2136
01:20:17,496 --> 01:20:20,166
pakistan.
2137
01:20:20,166 --> 01:20:21,734
that's what he told us before
2138
01:20:21,734 --> 01:20:22,568
enhanced interrogation
2139
01:20:22,568 --> 01:20:23,569
techniques.
2140
01:20:23,569 --> 01:20:24,970
after enhanced interrogation
2141
01:20:24,970 --> 01:20:26,739
techniques, he actually sits
2142
01:20:26,739 --> 01:20:29,909
down with satellite photography
2143
01:20:29,909 --> 01:20:31,576
and points out the actual
2144
01:20:31,576 --> 01:20:33,311
building where senior al qaeda
2145
01:20:33,311 --> 01:20:35,947
operatives are, which allows us
2146
01:20:35,947 --> 01:20:39,150
to go and deal with them.
2147
01:20:39,150 --> 01:20:40,885
the value in my estimation as
2148
01:20:40,885 --> 01:20:43,121
i sat at my 5:00 meeting every
2149
01:20:43,121 --> 01:20:44,489
night and as we were using this
2150
01:20:44,489 --> 01:20:46,257
information to break up plots,
2151
01:20:46,257 --> 01:20:48,226
capture leaders, stop further
2152
01:20:48,226 --> 01:20:49,426
attacks against the united
2153
01:20:49,426 --> 01:20:54,865
states, was enormously high.
2154
01:20:54,865 --> 01:20:56,800
without this program, heathrow
2155
01:20:56,800 --> 01:20:58,335
airport would've been bombed.
2156
01:20:58,335 --> 01:20:59,636
other facilities in great
2157
01:20:59,636 --> 01:21:01,205
britain would've been bombed.
2158
01:21:01,205 --> 01:21:02,439
buildings in new york would've
2159
01:21:02,439 --> 01:21:03,574
exploded.
2160
01:21:03,574 --> 01:21:04,775
suspension bridges would've been
2161
01:21:04,775 --> 01:21:08,144
taken down.
2162
01:21:08,144 --> 01:21:09,645
narrator: and tenet insists
2163
01:21:09,645 --> 01:21:10,913
that intelligence from the
2164
01:21:10,913 --> 01:21:12,949
enhanced interrogations leads to
2165
01:21:12,949 --> 01:21:15,351
the capture of a terrorist
2166
01:21:15,351 --> 01:21:17,687
planning a spectacular attack.
2167
01:21:17,687 --> 01:21:19,589
he had already recruited 17
2168
01:21:19,589 --> 01:21:22,291
southeast asians to engage in an
2169
01:21:22,291 --> 01:21:23,726
airline plot against the west
2170
01:21:23,726 --> 01:21:25,194
coast of the united states.
2171
01:21:25,194 --> 01:21:26,262
the value is...
2172
01:21:26,262 --> 01:21:27,662
the report says you had that
2173
01:21:27,662 --> 01:21:29,264
information from other sources.
2174
01:21:29,264 --> 01:21:30,832
the report is dead wrong on
2175
01:21:30,832 --> 01:21:32,768
every account, period, end of
2176
01:21:32,768 --> 01:21:35,837
paragraph.
2177
01:21:40,675 --> 01:21:42,177
the bin laden operation would
2178
01:21:42,177 --> 01:21:44,012
not have been possible without
2179
01:21:44,012 --> 01:21:45,980
the courier in question being
2180
01:21:45,980 --> 01:21:47,515
highlighted as prominently as he
2181
01:21:47,515 --> 01:21:50,284
was by detainees.
2182
01:21:50,284 --> 01:21:51,051
narrator: director john
2183
01:21:51,051 --> 01:21:52,853
brennan, who was troubled by the
2184
01:21:52,853 --> 01:21:55,156
brutal techniques, says the jury
2185
01:21:55,156 --> 01:21:56,724
is out.
2186
01:21:56,724 --> 01:21:57,658
what i'm saying is that
2187
01:21:57,658 --> 01:21:59,360
there's no way to know whether
2188
01:21:59,360 --> 01:22:01,195
or not khalid sheikh mohammed
2189
01:22:01,195 --> 01:22:02,229
would have provided that
2190
01:22:02,229 --> 01:22:04,464
information if he had not been
2191
01:22:04,464 --> 01:22:05,498
waterboarded.
2192
01:22:05,498 --> 01:22:07,834
that is unknowable because that
2193
01:22:07,834 --> 01:22:09,302
scenario never happened.
2194
01:22:09,302 --> 01:22:10,637
director brennan is a good
2195
01:22:10,637 --> 01:22:11,838
friend of mine and i have the
2196
01:22:11,838 --> 01:22:12,906
utmost respect for him, but i
2197
01:22:12,906 --> 01:22:14,607
would just respectfully disagree
2198
01:22:14,607 --> 01:22:15,542
with that.
2199
01:22:15,542 --> 01:22:17,610
i mean, that strikes me as a
2200
01:22:17,610 --> 01:22:19,078
dodge wrapped in political
2201
01:22:19,078 --> 01:22:22,015
correctness.
2202
01:22:22,015 --> 01:22:23,148
narrator: answers to some of
2203
01:22:23,148 --> 01:22:24,583
these questions might have been
2204
01:22:24,583 --> 01:22:26,985
found by watching videotape.
2205
01:22:26,985 --> 01:22:28,253
the waterboarding of two
2206
01:22:28,253 --> 01:22:30,122
prisoners was actually recorded,
2207
01:22:30,122 --> 01:22:32,191
but the videotapes were
2208
01:22:32,191 --> 01:22:34,793
destroyed.
2209
01:22:34,793 --> 01:22:36,128
while i was still the
2210
01:22:36,128 --> 01:22:37,963
director in a morning briefing,
2211
01:22:37,963 --> 01:22:39,164
at the end of the briefing,
2212
01:22:39,164 --> 01:22:40,299
someone said, "oh, by the way,
2213
01:22:40,299 --> 01:22:42,200
the tapes were destroyed."
2214
01:22:42,200 --> 01:22:43,901
and i rose out of my chair and
2215
01:22:43,901 --> 01:22:45,303
said, "what?"
2216
01:22:45,303 --> 01:22:49,240
my primary motivation in
2217
01:22:49,240 --> 01:22:51,742
destroying the tapes was to
2218
01:22:51,742 --> 01:22:53,878
protect the people who work for
2219
01:22:53,878 --> 01:22:54,912
me.
2220
01:22:54,912 --> 01:22:56,581
they showed people naked, being
2221
01:22:56,581 --> 01:23:00,217
waterboarded and going through
2222
01:23:00,217 --> 01:23:01,318
the enhanced interrogation
2223
01:23:01,318 --> 01:23:02,219
techniques.
2224
01:23:02,219 --> 01:23:03,386
jose knows how i feel about
2225
01:23:03,386 --> 01:23:04,087
it.
2226
01:23:04,087 --> 01:23:05,789
he left me in a horrible,
2227
01:23:05,789 --> 01:23:07,257
horrible spot.
2228
01:23:07,257 --> 01:23:09,292
my concern was, it would cause a
2229
01:23:09,292 --> 01:23:10,794
firestorm on the hill
2230
01:23:10,794 --> 01:23:12,896
politically because everybody
2231
01:23:12,896 --> 01:23:14,197
would assume there was something
2232
01:23:14,197 --> 01:23:15,899
to hide rather than something to
2233
01:23:15,899 --> 01:23:16,967
show.
2234
01:23:16,967 --> 01:23:19,468
i knew that the tapes would
2235
01:23:19,468 --> 01:23:21,570
play as if, you know, we were
2236
01:23:21,570 --> 01:23:24,473
all psychopaths, and that's
2237
01:23:24,473 --> 01:23:26,976
something that we didn't want.
2238
01:23:26,976 --> 01:23:28,878
so, you had the director of
2239
01:23:28,878 --> 01:23:30,779
national intelligence, the
2240
01:23:30,779 --> 01:23:32,648
director of the c.i.a., a member
2241
01:23:32,648 --> 01:23:34,683
of congress all saying, "we
2242
01:23:34,683 --> 01:23:35,684
don't want these tapes
2243
01:23:35,684 --> 01:23:38,453
destroyed," and you did it.
2244
01:23:38,453 --> 01:23:40,221
now i was not stupid; i
2245
01:23:40,221 --> 01:23:41,823
didn't one day decide to get out
2246
01:23:41,823 --> 01:23:43,858
of bed and destroy tapes.
2247
01:23:43,858 --> 01:23:45,593
i got approval to do this.
2248
01:23:45,593 --> 01:23:47,629
i consulted with our lawyers.
2249
01:23:47,629 --> 01:23:49,697
the videotapes were destroyed
2250
01:23:49,697 --> 01:23:52,967
shortly after c.i.a. attorneys
2251
01:23:52,967 --> 01:23:55,702
raised concerns that congress
2252
01:23:55,702 --> 01:24:01,608
might find out about the tapes.
2253
01:24:01,608 --> 01:24:03,844
narrator: a necessary evil or
2254
01:24:03,844 --> 01:24:09,283
a betrayal of american values?
2255
01:24:09,283 --> 01:24:10,951
somebody has to stand up and
2256
01:24:10,951 --> 01:24:13,053
be willing to say, "this is not
2257
01:24:13,053 --> 01:24:14,954
what our country is about."
2258
01:24:14,954 --> 01:24:16,856
yes, we're facing a terrible
2259
01:24:16,856 --> 01:24:18,724
enemy, one who doesn't care
2260
01:24:18,724 --> 01:24:22,161
about who gets killed, but the
2261
01:24:22,161 --> 01:24:24,330
united states is better than
2262
01:24:24,330 --> 01:24:25,564
that.
2263
01:24:25,564 --> 01:24:27,066
our constitution does
2264
01:24:27,066 --> 01:24:28,901
prohibit "cruel and unusual"
2265
01:24:28,901 --> 01:24:30,202
treatment.
2266
01:24:30,202 --> 01:24:32,637
if it's cruel, we shouldn't be
2267
01:24:32,637 --> 01:24:36,074
doing it.
2268
01:24:36,074 --> 01:24:37,943
we've got to have people who are
2269
01:24:37,943 --> 01:24:39,711
prepared to say, "mr. president
2270
01:24:39,711 --> 01:24:41,313
you can't do that.
2271
01:24:41,313 --> 01:24:42,614
it's illegal."
2272
01:24:42,614 --> 01:24:43,982
let's have a c.i.a. director
2273
01:24:43,982 --> 01:24:45,216
being interviewed here after the
2274
01:24:45,216 --> 01:24:47,352
second wave and... and you get
2275
01:24:47,352 --> 01:24:48,653
to ask him the question, "now,
2276
01:24:48,653 --> 01:24:50,821
look, the department of justice
2277
01:24:50,821 --> 01:24:54,024
said it was legal but yet you
2278
01:24:54,024 --> 01:24:56,527
refuse to do it.
2279
01:24:56,527 --> 01:24:57,561
how do you feel about your
2280
01:24:57,561 --> 01:24:59,596
decision now?"
2281
01:24:59,596 --> 01:25:01,065
and so let's not pretend that
2282
01:25:01,065 --> 01:25:02,366
this is the forces of light and
2283
01:25:02,366 --> 01:25:03,934
forces of darkness.
2284
01:25:03,934 --> 01:25:05,402
these are two damn ugly
2285
01:25:05,402 --> 01:25:08,639
decisions.
2286
01:25:16,212 --> 01:25:17,313
as the commander of the
2287
01:25:17,313 --> 01:25:18,915
multinational force in iraq, we
2288
01:25:18,915 --> 01:25:21,651
actually had 27,000 detainees at
2289
01:25:21,651 --> 01:25:23,586
the high watermark of our
2290
01:25:23,586 --> 01:25:26,489
operations.
2291
01:25:31,393 --> 01:25:32,828
my view, quite simply, is that
2292
01:25:32,828 --> 01:25:34,396
if you want information from a
2293
01:25:34,396 --> 01:25:36,031
detainee, you become his best
2294
01:25:36,031 --> 01:25:38,367
friend.
2295
01:25:38,367 --> 01:25:40,002
you have to have very skilled
2296
01:25:40,002 --> 01:25:41,670
interrogators, very skilled
2297
01:25:41,670 --> 01:25:43,071
analysts and so forth.
2298
01:25:43,071 --> 01:25:47,174
it's a long process.
2299
01:25:47,174 --> 01:25:48,876
these are the hardened, worst
2300
01:25:48,876 --> 01:25:50,611
terrorists responsible for the
2301
01:25:50,611 --> 01:25:52,646
deaths of thousands of americans
2302
01:25:52,646 --> 01:25:54,148
in a period where we simply
2303
01:25:54,148 --> 01:25:56,884
didn't believe we had time to
2304
01:25:56,884 --> 01:26:00,488
become their best friends.
2305
01:26:06,292 --> 01:26:08,828
i just don't think a country
2306
01:26:08,828 --> 01:26:12,799
like ours should be culpable of
2307
01:26:12,799 --> 01:26:14,801
conducting torture.
2308
01:26:14,801 --> 01:26:17,804
i just think it's beneath our
2309
01:26:17,804 --> 01:26:18,872
dignity.
2310
01:26:18,872 --> 01:26:20,573
i think it's poor for our
2311
01:26:20,573 --> 01:26:24,476
reputation in the world.
2312
01:26:24,476 --> 01:26:26,412
should a country, the united
2313
01:26:26,412 --> 01:26:28,414
states of america-- which stands
2314
01:26:28,414 --> 01:26:29,915
for human rights in the world,
2315
01:26:29,915 --> 01:26:31,850
which stands for human dignity
2316
01:26:31,850 --> 01:26:33,685
probably more than any country--
2317
01:26:33,685 --> 01:26:35,954
do those techniques to another
2318
01:26:35,954 --> 01:26:37,122
human being?
2319
01:26:37,122 --> 01:26:38,357
right?
2320
01:26:38,357 --> 01:26:39,625
that's... that's a really
2321
01:26:39,625 --> 01:26:42,460
reasonable question.
2322
01:26:42,460 --> 01:26:44,262
one is, it's wrong.
2323
01:26:44,262 --> 01:26:45,696
but if you don't accept that,
2324
01:26:45,696 --> 01:26:47,565
don't do it because it typically
2325
01:26:47,565 --> 01:26:49,067
will bite you in the backside
2326
01:26:49,067 --> 01:26:50,268
later on.
2327
01:26:50,268 --> 01:26:52,670
you will pay a price for what
2328
01:26:52,670 --> 01:26:54,772
you do, and it will be vastly
2329
01:26:54,772 --> 01:26:56,207
greater than whatever it is you
2330
01:26:56,207 --> 01:26:57,842
got out of taking this
2331
01:26:57,842 --> 01:27:00,011
particular action.
2332
01:27:00,011 --> 01:27:01,111
you can judge us.
2333
01:27:01,111 --> 01:27:02,412
we made those decisions for good
2334
01:27:02,412 --> 01:27:03,847
and valid reasons, and all i
2335
01:27:03,847 --> 01:27:06,950
would be able to say is we sat
2336
01:27:06,950 --> 01:27:08,318
where we sat.
2337
01:27:08,318 --> 01:27:09,553
we decided what we did.
2338
01:27:09,553 --> 01:27:11,221
we understood the implications.
2339
01:27:11,221 --> 01:27:12,522
i can stand here today as
2340
01:27:12,522 --> 01:27:14,024
president of the united states
2341
01:27:14,024 --> 01:27:15,492
and say without exception or
2342
01:27:15,492 --> 01:27:16,893
equivocation that we do not
2343
01:27:16,893 --> 01:27:18,128
torture.
2344
01:27:18,128 --> 01:27:20,329
given president obama's
2345
01:27:20,329 --> 01:27:21,864
criticism of enhanced
2346
01:27:21,864 --> 01:27:23,065
interrogation techniques, i
2347
01:27:23,065 --> 01:27:24,366
think one of the interesting
2348
01:27:24,366 --> 01:27:27,970
questions is: what would he have
2349
01:27:27,970 --> 01:27:29,872
done had he been put in
2350
01:27:29,872 --> 01:27:32,308
president bush's shoes when
2351
01:27:32,308 --> 01:27:33,676
george tenet came to him and
2352
01:27:33,676 --> 01:27:34,877
said, "you need to do this or
2353
01:27:34,877 --> 01:27:37,146
americans are going to die"?
2354
01:27:37,146 --> 01:27:39,214
and obviously i don't know what
2355
01:27:39,214 --> 01:27:40,815
the president would've done, and
2356
01:27:40,815 --> 01:27:42,150
possibly he doesn't know what he
2357
01:27:42,150 --> 01:27:48,756
would've done.
2358
01:27:48,756 --> 01:27:50,525
how do we make sure we are
2359
01:27:50,525 --> 01:27:53,061
not so caught up in the fear of
2360
01:27:53,061 --> 01:27:57,898
an enemy that we begin to move
2361
01:27:57,898 --> 01:27:59,433
away from the principles and the
2362
01:27:59,433 --> 01:28:01,401
standards that represent what
2363
01:28:01,401 --> 01:28:03,670
this country's all about?
2364
01:28:03,670 --> 01:28:05,305
and, you know, that's not an
2365
01:28:05,305 --> 01:28:07,207
easy... there's not... there's
2366
01:28:07,207 --> 01:28:08,976
not an easy answer to that.
2367
01:28:08,976 --> 01:28:10,177
i mean, some people think that
2368
01:28:10,177 --> 01:28:12,212
there is, but it's not.
2369
01:28:12,212 --> 01:28:14,081
the classic case, of course,
2370
01:28:14,081 --> 01:28:16,149
is a nuclear weapon in downtown
2371
01:28:16,149 --> 01:28:18,851
manhattan, hidden, and you have
2372
01:28:18,851 --> 01:28:20,486
in your hands the individual who
2373
01:28:20,486 --> 01:28:22,188
knows where it is.
2374
01:28:22,188 --> 01:28:23,456
would you waterboard him?
2375
01:28:23,456 --> 01:28:24,323
let me turn it around.
2376
01:28:24,323 --> 01:28:25,691
would you?
2377
01:28:25,691 --> 01:28:27,326
the reality is, you have to
2378
01:28:27,326 --> 01:28:28,895
look at it in context.
2379
01:28:28,895 --> 01:28:31,430
i mean, if... if, in fact, you
2380
01:28:31,430 --> 01:28:34,966
had credible intelligence that
2381
01:28:34,966 --> 01:28:36,801
there was a nuclear weapon
2382
01:28:36,801 --> 01:28:38,737
planted someplace in new york
2383
01:28:38,737 --> 01:28:41,439
city or washington, d.c., and
2384
01:28:41,439 --> 01:28:43,875
there was one person that would
2385
01:28:43,875 --> 01:28:45,777
know where that bomb was
2386
01:28:45,777 --> 01:28:50,081
located, it'd be very tough not
2387
01:28:50,081 --> 01:28:51,715
to resort to every method
2388
01:28:51,715 --> 01:28:52,983
possible in order to get that
2389
01:28:52,983 --> 01:28:54,318
information.
2390
01:28:54,318 --> 01:28:55,519
i just have to be frank with
2391
01:28:55,519 --> 01:28:56,654
you.
2392
01:28:56,654 --> 01:28:58,055
if a president tomorrow asked
2393
01:28:58,055 --> 01:29:00,057
me to waterboard a terrorist, i
2394
01:29:00,057 --> 01:29:02,193
would say, "mr. president,
2395
01:29:02,193 --> 01:29:04,528
sorry, i do not believe that
2396
01:29:04,528 --> 01:29:06,597
that is what is in our best
2397
01:29:06,597 --> 01:29:08,432
interest as a country, as an
2398
01:29:08,432 --> 01:29:09,934
institution of c.i.a.
2399
01:29:09,934 --> 01:29:11,668
and we need to find other ways
2400
01:29:11,668 --> 01:29:14,070
to get that intelligence."
2401
01:29:14,070 --> 01:29:15,805
if some future president is
2402
01:29:15,805 --> 01:29:17,607
going to decide to waterboard,
2403
01:29:17,607 --> 01:29:19,075
he better bring his own bucket
2404
01:29:19,075 --> 01:29:20,376
because he's going to have to do
2405
01:29:20,376 --> 01:29:21,611
it himself.
2406
01:29:21,611 --> 01:29:22,745
the agency is not going to do
2407
01:29:22,745 --> 01:29:25,448
this again.
2408
01:29:33,522 --> 01:29:40,696
just as we were talking about
2409
01:29:40,696 --> 01:29:42,231
this senate intelligence
2410
01:29:42,231 --> 01:29:44,399
committee report on
2411
01:29:44,399 --> 01:29:45,901
interrogation techniques and
2412
01:29:45,901 --> 01:29:48,169
torture, if you will, the
2413
01:29:48,169 --> 01:29:49,770
question people need to ask
2414
01:29:49,770 --> 01:29:51,272
themselves is, ten years from
2415
01:29:51,272 --> 01:29:53,307
now, will people be asking the
2416
01:29:53,307 --> 01:29:55,376
same questions about the use of
2417
01:29:55,376 --> 01:29:59,847
these drones?
2418
01:29:59,847 --> 01:30:00,982
narrator: they are lethal,
2419
01:30:00,982 --> 01:30:05,419
man-made birds of prey.
2420
01:30:05,419 --> 01:30:06,720
when you can stare at a
2421
01:30:06,720 --> 01:30:09,589
target unblinkingly for hours,
2422
01:30:09,589 --> 01:30:12,058
if not days, and then use a
2423
01:30:12,058 --> 01:30:14,127
weapon against that target that
2424
01:30:14,127 --> 01:30:17,063
has a 14-pound warhead in it and
2425
01:30:17,063 --> 01:30:18,632
with an accuracy measured in
2426
01:30:18,632 --> 01:30:21,334
inches, this actually makes
2427
01:30:21,334 --> 01:30:22,969
warfare more precise, and that
2428
01:30:22,969 --> 01:30:23,470
should be a good.
2429
01:30:23,470 --> 01:30:24,237
roger.
2430
01:30:24,237 --> 01:30:25,571
you are now free to engage the
2431
01:30:25,571 --> 01:30:26,639
vehicle.
2432
01:30:26,639 --> 01:30:27,973
they give you the ability,
2433
01:30:27,973 --> 01:30:30,643
actually, to minimize civilian
2434
01:30:30,643 --> 01:30:33,379
casualties or collateral damage.
2435
01:30:33,379 --> 01:30:34,580
unintelligible order.
2436
01:30:34,580 --> 01:30:35,781
give me ten seconds.
2437
01:30:35,781 --> 01:30:39,118
roger.
2438
01:30:39,118 --> 01:30:40,252
direct hits.
2439
01:30:40,252 --> 01:30:41,487
right there.
2440
01:30:41,487 --> 01:30:42,554
now, the dark side.
2441
01:30:42,554 --> 01:30:44,188
the dark side is the ease with
2442
01:30:44,188 --> 01:30:46,958
which a political decision maker
2443
01:30:46,958 --> 01:30:48,459
can make the decision to do
2444
01:30:48,459 --> 01:30:51,429
this.
2445
01:30:54,832 --> 01:30:56,034
people need to be careful
2446
01:30:56,034 --> 01:30:57,635
about being so happy with the
2447
01:30:57,635 --> 01:31:00,338
use of the term "kill."
2448
01:31:00,338 --> 01:31:01,505
intelligence officers in
2449
01:31:01,505 --> 01:31:02,673
particular have to worry about
2450
01:31:02,673 --> 01:31:06,710
the use of that term.
2451
01:31:14,384 --> 01:31:15,519
there are many times when
2452
01:31:15,519 --> 01:31:17,521
people are talking loosely about
2453
01:31:17,521 --> 01:31:19,556
it or enthusing to me about it,
2454
01:31:19,556 --> 01:31:21,924
and i will say to them, "have
2455
01:31:21,924 --> 01:31:26,529
you ever killed someone?"
2456
01:31:29,965 --> 01:31:31,033
narrator: it was on george
2457
01:31:31,033 --> 01:31:33,202
tenet's watch in 2001 that
2458
01:31:33,202 --> 01:31:35,338
drones, once just eyes in the
2459
01:31:35,338 --> 01:31:39,708
sky, became killing machines.
2460
01:31:39,708 --> 01:31:41,376
i had a question, and it is a
2461
01:31:41,376 --> 01:31:43,278
question that still needs to be
2462
01:31:43,278 --> 01:31:45,447
asked today, as well: "do you
2463
01:31:45,447 --> 01:31:47,582
want the civilian head of an
2464
01:31:47,582 --> 01:31:50,118
intelligence organization firing
2465
01:31:50,118 --> 01:31:51,586
a weapon outside of the chain of
2466
01:31:51,586 --> 01:31:53,388
military command?"
2467
01:31:53,388 --> 01:31:54,856
i needed to ask the question.
2468
01:31:54,856 --> 01:31:56,124
they needed to answer the
2469
01:31:56,124 --> 01:31:57,124
question.
2470
01:31:57,124 --> 01:31:58,225
we never got the answer to the
2471
01:31:58,225 --> 01:32:01,762
question, and off we went.
2472
01:32:01,762 --> 01:32:02,863
narrator: why aren't all
2473
01:32:02,863 --> 01:32:04,565
drones operated by the military?
2474
01:32:04,565 --> 01:32:07,701
one reason: when a covert c.i.a.
2475
01:32:07,701 --> 01:32:10,304
operation goes badly, it can be
2476
01:32:10,304 --> 01:32:12,606
denied.
2477
01:32:12,606 --> 01:32:13,974
i obviously can't comment on
2478
01:32:13,974 --> 01:32:16,776
whether the c.i.a. conducts
2479
01:32:16,776 --> 01:32:18,044
operations that would be under
2480
01:32:18,044 --> 01:32:21,447
the realm of covert action.
2481
01:32:21,447 --> 01:32:22,849
covert action is, of course,
2482
01:32:22,849 --> 01:32:24,684
that you don't acknowledge them;
2483
01:32:24,684 --> 01:32:26,686
what you do is you just don't
2484
01:32:26,686 --> 01:32:28,287
talk about them.
2485
01:32:28,287 --> 01:32:29,322
narrator: in fact, the
2486
01:32:29,322 --> 01:32:31,157
c.i.a.'s drone warfare program
2487
01:32:31,157 --> 01:32:33,659
is so secret the agency does not
2488
01:32:33,659 --> 01:32:36,862
even acknowledge that it exists.
2489
01:32:36,862 --> 01:32:38,563
yet some directors are
2490
01:32:38,563 --> 01:32:39,931
surprisingly candid.
2491
01:32:39,931 --> 01:32:41,433
it's a covert action.
2492
01:32:41,433 --> 01:32:44,002
it's an activity designed so
2493
01:32:44,002 --> 01:32:45,137
that the hand of the united
2494
01:32:45,137 --> 01:32:47,806
states is hidden.
2495
01:32:47,806 --> 01:32:48,807
it allows you to do it in
2496
01:32:48,807 --> 01:32:50,475
circumstances in which it would
2497
01:32:50,475 --> 01:32:51,777
be more difficult for the
2498
01:32:51,777 --> 01:32:55,146
military to do.
2499
01:32:59,884 --> 01:33:01,118
narrator: c.i.a. drone
2500
01:33:01,118 --> 01:33:02,853
strikes were once rarely
2501
01:33:02,853 --> 01:33:05,189
conducted outside of war zones.
2502
01:33:05,189 --> 01:33:07,892
the trouble was that was exactly
2503
01:33:07,892 --> 01:33:10,828
where al qaeda was regrouping.
2504
01:33:10,828 --> 01:33:12,962
in the first half of 2008,
2505
01:33:12,962 --> 01:33:14,764
c.i.a. made the case that we had
2506
01:33:14,764 --> 01:33:16,166
to begin to go do some things--
2507
01:33:16,166 --> 01:33:17,667
targeted killings, for example--
2508
01:33:17,667 --> 01:33:18,034
outside of
2509
01:33:18,034 --> 01:33:19,769
internationally-agreed theaters
2510
01:33:19,769 --> 01:33:20,770
of conflict.
2511
01:33:20,770 --> 01:33:22,305
get this guy off the battlefield
2512
01:33:22,305 --> 01:33:23,440
because "he's going to come kill
2513
01:33:23,440 --> 01:33:24,974
you and your children" was
2514
01:33:24,974 --> 01:33:26,676
absolutely compelling.
2515
01:33:26,676 --> 01:33:28,745
by mid-summer of 2008, our
2516
01:33:28,745 --> 01:33:30,179
government decided on a new
2517
01:33:30,179 --> 01:33:34,349
course of action.
2518
01:33:34,349 --> 01:33:35,050
narrator: president george
2519
01:33:35,050 --> 01:33:38,687
bush gives the green light, but
2520
01:33:38,687 --> 01:33:40,289
have drones given presidents and
2521
01:33:40,289 --> 01:33:42,558
directors unchecked power?
2522
01:33:42,558 --> 01:33:44,293
the power to decide who lives
2523
01:33:44,293 --> 01:33:47,963
and who dies?
2524
01:33:48,930 --> 01:33:51,132
(crowd protesting)
2525
01:33:51,132 --> 01:33:52,934
drone attacks violate every
2526
01:33:52,934 --> 01:33:55,436
human law because no law allows
2527
01:33:55,436 --> 01:33:57,271
anyone to become judge, jury and
2528
01:33:57,271 --> 01:33:58,072
executioner.
2529
01:33:58,072 --> 01:33:59,240
americans are ruthless
2530
01:33:59,240 --> 01:34:00,107
people.
2531
01:34:00,107 --> 01:34:01,342
they are against islam.
2532
01:34:01,342 --> 01:34:04,412
they are the tyrants.
2533
01:34:06,947 --> 01:34:07,747
you know, it's curious that
2534
01:34:07,747 --> 01:34:10,083
certain kinds of activity are
2535
01:34:10,083 --> 01:34:12,419
called "assassination," others
2536
01:34:12,419 --> 01:34:14,221
are not.
2537
01:34:14,221 --> 01:34:16,389
narrator: in 1976, president
2538
01:34:16,389 --> 01:34:18,792
gerald ford signs an order
2539
01:34:18,792 --> 01:34:20,660
prohibiting the c.i.a. from
2540
01:34:20,660 --> 01:34:22,929
engaging in assassination.
2541
01:34:22,929 --> 01:34:24,397
for example, the use of
2542
01:34:24,397 --> 01:34:25,731
drones going after particular
2543
01:34:25,731 --> 01:34:28,567
targets is not termed an
2544
01:34:28,567 --> 01:34:30,369
"assassination" in the sense of
2545
01:34:30,369 --> 01:34:32,071
this executive order.
2546
01:34:32,071 --> 01:34:32,738
why not?
2547
01:34:32,738 --> 01:34:34,173
why shouldn't it be?
2548
01:34:34,173 --> 01:34:35,174
i don't know.
2549
01:34:35,174 --> 01:34:36,208
it's a question you could answer
2550
01:34:36,208 --> 01:34:37,610
as well as i do.
2551
01:34:37,610 --> 01:34:38,444
there is a distinction
2552
01:34:38,444 --> 01:34:40,279
between a political
2553
01:34:40,279 --> 01:34:41,780
assassination and against a
2554
01:34:41,780 --> 01:34:43,148
targeted killing of an enemy
2555
01:34:43,148 --> 01:34:44,549
combatant after congress has
2556
01:34:44,549 --> 01:34:46,584
declared war against al qaeda.
2557
01:34:46,584 --> 01:34:47,552
and the authorization for the
2558
01:34:47,552 --> 01:34:49,220
use of military force is a
2559
01:34:49,220 --> 01:34:50,288
declaration.
2560
01:34:50,288 --> 01:34:51,856
it's as close to a declaration
2561
01:34:51,856 --> 01:34:54,392
of war as we will ever get in
2562
01:34:54,392 --> 01:34:55,960
this country again, and we are
2563
01:34:55,960 --> 01:34:58,129
going after enemy combatants
2564
01:34:58,129 --> 01:34:59,163
consistent with the laws of
2565
01:34:59,163 --> 01:35:01,065
armed conflict.
2566
01:35:01,065 --> 01:35:01,900
narrator: president barack
2567
01:35:01,900 --> 01:35:03,934
obama takes office after a
2568
01:35:03,934 --> 01:35:05,802
campaign critical of george
2569
01:35:05,802 --> 01:35:09,373
bush's war on terror, but under
2570
01:35:09,373 --> 01:35:11,608
the new commander in chief,
2571
01:35:11,608 --> 01:35:14,978
drone strikes rise dramatically.
2572
01:35:14,978 --> 01:35:16,346
national security looks
2573
01:35:16,346 --> 01:35:17,948
different from the oval than it
2574
01:35:17,948 --> 01:35:20,517
does from a hotel room in iowa.
2575
01:35:20,517 --> 01:35:22,518
to be able to go in, to
2576
01:35:22,518 --> 01:35:24,387
conduct surveillance, to target
2577
01:35:24,387 --> 01:35:26,188
those individuals and then to
2578
01:35:26,188 --> 01:35:28,691
conduct very precise attacks on
2579
01:35:28,691 --> 01:35:30,526
those individuals was the most
2580
01:35:30,526 --> 01:35:32,762
effective weapon we had.
2581
01:35:32,762 --> 01:35:33,796
(unintelligible commands)
2582
01:35:33,796 --> 01:35:35,531
clear to engage all.
2583
01:35:35,531 --> 01:35:37,433
this administration prefers
2584
01:35:37,433 --> 01:35:39,435
killing terrorists rather than
2585
01:35:39,435 --> 01:35:41,036
holding them captive.
2586
01:35:41,036 --> 01:35:42,537
and the reason i think is
2587
01:35:42,537 --> 01:35:43,705
because it's hard.
2588
01:35:43,705 --> 01:35:46,942
it's hard to capture.
2589
01:35:46,942 --> 01:35:49,511
it's... it's hard work.
2590
01:35:49,511 --> 01:35:51,112
and many would consider it dirty
2591
01:35:51,112 --> 01:35:52,314
business.
2592
01:35:52,314 --> 01:35:53,748
they're killing a lot of
2593
01:35:53,748 --> 01:35:55,617
people with, let's say, drone
2594
01:35:55,617 --> 01:35:57,819
strikes that would better be
2595
01:35:57,819 --> 01:35:59,253
captured and interrogated, that
2596
01:35:59,253 --> 01:36:00,754
we might have a chance of
2597
01:36:00,754 --> 01:36:02,356
learning what the terrorist
2598
01:36:02,356 --> 01:36:03,557
group is going to do next.
2599
01:36:03,557 --> 01:36:05,192
you can't question somebody
2600
01:36:05,192 --> 01:36:06,694
you've killed.
2601
01:36:06,694 --> 01:36:07,695
so in other words, the c.i.a.
2602
01:36:07,695 --> 01:36:08,662
is just, "we're taking no
2603
01:36:08,662 --> 01:36:10,531
prisoners?"
2604
01:36:10,531 --> 01:36:11,932
i don't know that that's the
2605
01:36:11,932 --> 01:36:14,868
c.i.a.'s position; i think
2606
01:36:14,868 --> 01:36:17,470
that's the president's position.
2607
01:36:17,470 --> 01:36:20,540
i... i think he is killing more
2608
01:36:20,540 --> 01:36:23,343
people than he needs to, and
2609
01:36:23,343 --> 01:36:24,644
we'd be better off capturing
2610
01:36:24,644 --> 01:36:25,979
some of them and interrogating
2611
01:36:25,979 --> 01:36:29,282
them.
2612
01:36:29,282 --> 01:36:30,416
we will do everything
2613
01:36:30,416 --> 01:36:32,418
possible to see if we can
2614
01:36:32,418 --> 01:36:33,786
prevent them from being
2615
01:36:33,786 --> 01:36:36,188
successful, capturing them.
2616
01:36:36,188 --> 01:36:38,390
and when that's not possible,
2617
01:36:38,390 --> 01:36:39,791
well, then i think the president
2618
01:36:39,791 --> 01:36:41,159
should have the ability to... to
2619
01:36:41,159 --> 01:36:42,694
take action.
2620
01:36:42,694 --> 01:36:44,129
end the afghan war!
2621
01:36:44,129 --> 01:36:45,731
stop the drone attacks!
2622
01:36:45,731 --> 01:36:47,432
end the afghan war!
2623
01:36:47,432 --> 01:36:49,167
stop the drone attacks!
2624
01:36:49,167 --> 01:36:50,135
narrator: yet some watchdog
2625
01:36:50,135 --> 01:36:52,137
organizations claim that
2626
01:36:52,137 --> 01:36:53,771
american drones have killed more
2627
01:36:53,771 --> 01:36:56,040
than a thousand civilians,
2628
01:36:56,040 --> 01:36:58,142
numbers the u.s. government says
2629
01:36:58,142 --> 01:37:00,011
are greatly exaggerated.
2630
01:37:00,011 --> 01:37:02,346
u.s. strikes have resulted in
2631
01:37:02,346 --> 01:37:03,981
civilian casualties.
2632
01:37:03,981 --> 01:37:06,083
those deaths will haunt us as
2633
01:37:06,083 --> 01:37:08,619
long as we live.
2634
01:37:08,619 --> 01:37:09,520
narrator: the most
2635
01:37:09,520 --> 01:37:10,454
controversial target in the
2636
01:37:10,454 --> 01:37:11,555
history of drone warfare is
2637
01:37:11,555 --> 01:37:13,757
about to enter the c.i.a.'s
2638
01:37:13,757 --> 01:37:15,091
crosshairs.
2639
01:37:15,091 --> 01:37:16,126
to the american people, i say
2640
01:37:16,126 --> 01:37:18,628
your security will continue to
2641
01:37:18,628 --> 01:37:20,930
be threatened as long as your
2642
01:37:20,930 --> 01:37:22,332
government continues with its
2643
01:37:22,332 --> 01:37:23,833
aggression against the muslim
2644
01:37:23,833 --> 01:37:24,901
people.
2645
01:37:24,901 --> 01:37:25,935
narrator: he is anwar
2646
01:37:25,935 --> 01:37:27,937
al-awlaki, a sworn enemy of the
2647
01:37:27,937 --> 01:37:31,206
united states and an american
2648
01:37:31,206 --> 01:37:32,408
citizen.
2649
01:37:32,408 --> 01:37:34,276
he was born in the u.s. and
2650
01:37:34,276 --> 01:37:36,845
was someone who was using social
2651
01:37:36,845 --> 01:37:39,982
media in order to convey a
2652
01:37:39,982 --> 01:37:42,451
message about jihad and doing it
2653
01:37:42,451 --> 01:37:44,253
very effectively, and was
2654
01:37:44,253 --> 01:37:47,389
someone who had gone to yemen.
2655
01:37:47,389 --> 01:37:49,323
there was no question in my mind
2656
01:37:49,323 --> 01:37:51,659
that he was extremely dangerous
2657
01:37:51,659 --> 01:37:53,261
and somebody that we had to go
2658
01:37:53,261 --> 01:37:54,662
after.
2659
01:37:54,662 --> 01:37:56,564
as you send us your bombs, we
2660
01:37:56,564 --> 01:37:57,865
will send you ours.
2661
01:37:57,865 --> 01:37:58,733
narrator: the charismatic
2662
01:37:58,733 --> 01:38:00,501
cleric conspires with the
2663
01:38:00,501 --> 01:38:02,103
so-called underwear bomber in a
2664
01:38:02,103 --> 01:38:03,571
failed plot to blow up an
2665
01:38:03,571 --> 01:38:05,239
airliner over detroit on
2666
01:38:05,239 --> 01:38:08,175
christmas day 2009, and he
2667
01:38:08,175 --> 01:38:09,443
inspires the jihadist militant
2668
01:38:09,443 --> 01:38:11,511
who kills 13 and injures more
2669
01:38:11,511 --> 01:38:13,547
than 30 in a shooting spree at
2670
01:38:13,547 --> 01:38:15,716
fort hood, texas.
2671
01:38:15,716 --> 01:38:16,983
i was asking, "what were we
2672
01:38:16,983 --> 01:38:19,119
interested in al-awlaki about?"
2673
01:38:19,119 --> 01:38:20,220
well, someone said, "well,
2674
01:38:20,220 --> 01:38:22,089
he's... he's a bad guy.
2675
01:38:22,089 --> 01:38:23,990
he's on the president's list."
2676
01:38:23,990 --> 01:38:26,359
so i said, "what list is that?"
2677
01:38:26,359 --> 01:38:30,529
"well, the goodbye list."
2678
01:38:30,529 --> 01:38:31,530
narrator: the "goodbye list,"
2679
01:38:31,530 --> 01:38:35,201
also known as the "kill list."
2680
01:38:35,201 --> 01:38:36,268
it's the grim roster of
2681
01:38:36,268 --> 01:38:38,003
terrorists targeted for
2682
01:38:38,003 --> 01:38:40,172
execution by the u.s.
2683
01:38:40,172 --> 01:38:41,540
government.
2684
01:38:41,540 --> 01:38:43,309
i, for one, was born in the
2685
01:38:43,309 --> 01:38:45,276
u.s. and lived in the u.s. for
2686
01:38:45,276 --> 01:38:46,878
21 years.
2687
01:38:46,878 --> 01:38:48,446
we went through the process
2688
01:38:48,446 --> 01:38:51,149
to make a case for why al-awlaki
2689
01:38:51,149 --> 01:38:54,486
was dangerous, and the justice
2690
01:38:54,486 --> 01:38:56,521
department, along with the our
2691
01:38:56,521 --> 01:38:57,822
general counsel and counsel out
2692
01:38:57,822 --> 01:38:59,624
of the white house, felt that a
2693
01:38:59,624 --> 01:39:01,493
good case had been made to put
2694
01:39:01,493 --> 01:39:03,694
him on that list.
2695
01:39:03,694 --> 01:39:04,728
narrator: the "kill list" is
2696
01:39:04,728 --> 01:39:06,964
an open secret-- so open that
2697
01:39:06,964 --> 01:39:08,999
al-awlaki's father goes to a
2698
01:39:08,999 --> 01:39:10,968
u.s. court in a desperate effort
2699
01:39:10,968 --> 01:39:13,237
to have his son's life spared.
2700
01:39:13,237 --> 01:39:15,506
i want decent american lawyer
2701
01:39:15,506 --> 01:39:18,108
to tell me that it is right for
2702
01:39:18,108 --> 01:39:19,943
the united states government to
2703
01:39:19,943 --> 01:39:22,044
kill an american citizen on the
2704
01:39:22,044 --> 01:39:23,713
basis that he said something
2705
01:39:23,713 --> 01:39:25,281
against the united states or
2706
01:39:25,281 --> 01:39:26,849
against american soldiers.
2707
01:39:26,849 --> 01:39:28,751
i mean, i don't understand.
2708
01:39:28,751 --> 01:39:29,819
narrator: the petition is
2709
01:39:29,819 --> 01:39:32,989
rejected.
2710
01:39:37,860 --> 01:39:40,929
september 30, 2011: david
2711
01:39:40,929 --> 01:39:43,231
petraeus is now in charge when
2712
01:39:43,231 --> 01:39:45,567
c.i.a. drone pilots in nevada
2713
01:39:45,567 --> 01:39:47,669
draw a bead on al-awlaki in
2714
01:39:47,669 --> 01:39:49,437
yemen.
2715
01:39:49,437 --> 01:39:50,872
they have been watching him for
2716
01:39:50,872 --> 01:39:52,274
days.
2717
01:39:52,274 --> 01:39:53,708
get back on those guys.
2718
01:39:53,708 --> 01:39:54,843
there you go.
2719
01:39:54,843 --> 01:39:55,677
i think you always do soul
2720
01:39:55,677 --> 01:39:57,746
searching when you're putting
2721
01:39:57,746 --> 01:39:59,747
individuals in harm's way.
2722
01:39:59,747 --> 01:40:01,515
you turn these over in your mind
2723
01:40:01,515 --> 01:40:03,150
and... and there are occasions
2724
01:40:03,150 --> 01:40:04,785
where you say, "let me mull this
2725
01:40:04,785 --> 01:40:05,753
one.
2726
01:40:05,753 --> 01:40:07,421
let me think on it."
2727
01:40:07,421 --> 01:40:09,023
but if you ensure that you're
2728
01:40:09,023 --> 01:40:12,092
within the rules of engagement,
2729
01:40:12,092 --> 01:40:14,962
then you press forward and make
2730
01:40:14,962 --> 01:40:18,231
a decision.
2731
01:40:18,231 --> 01:40:19,933
narrator: moments later,
2732
01:40:19,933 --> 01:40:23,870
anwar al-awlaki is dead.
2733
01:40:23,870 --> 01:40:25,572
awlaki was the leader of
2734
01:40:25,572 --> 01:40:27,207
external operations for al
2735
01:40:27,207 --> 01:40:28,374
qaeda.
2736
01:40:28,374 --> 01:40:29,309
narrator: not since the civil
2737
01:40:29,309 --> 01:40:30,476
war has the u.s. government
2738
01:40:30,476 --> 01:40:32,245
executed one of its citizens
2739
01:40:32,245 --> 01:40:34,981
without an indictment, trial or
2740
01:40:34,981 --> 01:40:36,782
sentencing.
2741
01:40:36,782 --> 01:40:38,984
the precedent of an american
2742
01:40:38,984 --> 01:40:41,353
president being able to kill an
2743
01:40:41,353 --> 01:40:44,156
american citizen under any
2744
01:40:44,156 --> 01:40:46,225
circumstances, on just his
2745
01:40:46,225 --> 01:40:49,361
signature, is dangerous.
2746
01:40:49,361 --> 01:40:51,563
there were nazis who were
2747
01:40:51,563 --> 01:40:53,232
u.s. citizens.
2748
01:40:53,232 --> 01:40:54,132
does that make them less of an
2749
01:40:54,132 --> 01:40:55,967
enemy?
2750
01:40:55,967 --> 01:40:57,168
there are terrorists who are
2751
01:40:57,168 --> 01:40:58,603
u.s. citizens.
2752
01:40:58,603 --> 01:41:00,071
does that somehow make them less
2753
01:41:00,071 --> 01:41:00,872
of an enemy?
2754
01:41:00,872 --> 01:41:02,340
i don't think so.
2755
01:41:02,340 --> 01:41:04,041
in my book, a terrorist is a
2756
01:41:04,041 --> 01:41:05,643
terrorist.
2757
01:41:05,643 --> 01:41:07,411
i would prefer, under those
2758
01:41:07,411 --> 01:41:08,713
circumstances, that there was
2759
01:41:08,713 --> 01:41:12,116
some kind of external body where
2760
01:41:12,116 --> 01:41:14,351
the president would present the
2761
01:41:14,351 --> 01:41:16,486
evidence to somebody outside of
2762
01:41:16,486 --> 01:41:18,855
the executive branch, to say, "i
2763
01:41:18,855 --> 01:41:20,223
think this is conclusive.
2764
01:41:20,223 --> 01:41:22,726
do you think this is conclusive?
2765
01:41:22,726 --> 01:41:23,860
i don't see that the
2766
01:41:23,860 --> 01:41:26,229
president ever alone made a
2767
01:41:26,229 --> 01:41:28,098
decision on something like this.
2768
01:41:28,098 --> 01:41:30,133
there are a lot of people
2769
01:41:30,133 --> 01:41:32,534
involved in that discussion,
2770
01:41:32,534 --> 01:41:36,839
debate and decision-making.
2771
01:41:36,839 --> 01:41:38,307
there's a process and there's
2772
01:41:38,307 --> 01:41:40,709
certainly a discussion, but, at
2773
01:41:40,709 --> 01:41:42,578
the end of the day, it's all
2774
01:41:42,578 --> 01:41:44,146
president's appointees, and then
2775
01:41:44,146 --> 01:41:46,649
it's the president's signature.
2776
01:41:46,649 --> 01:41:48,150
there is no outside review.
2777
01:41:48,150 --> 01:41:50,352
there is no external evaluation
2778
01:41:50,352 --> 01:41:51,819
of the evidence.
2779
01:41:51,819 --> 01:41:53,421
this was an american citizen,
2780
01:41:53,421 --> 01:41:55,523
and he was ultimately taken out,
2781
01:41:55,523 --> 01:41:58,026
but it's not something that
2782
01:41:58,026 --> 01:42:00,395
should be left to one person, no
2783
01:42:00,395 --> 01:42:04,198
matter who that person is.
2784
01:42:04,198 --> 01:42:06,301
narrator: anwar al-awlaki was
2785
01:42:06,301 --> 01:42:08,636
just one man, but the c.i.a.'s
2786
01:42:08,636 --> 01:42:11,004
drones have killed scores,
2787
01:42:11,004 --> 01:42:14,041
perhaps hundreds whose names are
2788
01:42:14,041 --> 01:42:15,709
unknown.
2789
01:42:15,709 --> 01:42:17,444
(unintelligible commands)
2790
01:42:17,444 --> 01:42:19,379
my worry is that there are
2791
01:42:19,379 --> 01:42:20,981
too many of what we would call
2792
01:42:20,981 --> 01:42:23,317
"signature strikes," which are
2793
01:42:23,317 --> 01:42:24,952
at a group of suspected
2794
01:42:24,952 --> 01:42:26,420
terrorists where the evidence
2795
01:42:26,420 --> 01:42:28,287
may not be that clear of
2796
01:42:28,287 --> 01:42:30,856
specifically what is going on.
2797
01:42:30,856 --> 01:42:33,526
what about the so-called
2798
01:42:33,526 --> 01:42:35,261
signature strikes?
2799
01:42:35,261 --> 01:42:36,662
i can't talk about signature
2800
01:42:36,662 --> 01:42:37,730
strikes.
2801
01:42:37,730 --> 01:42:38,698
if they are even taken, i don't
2802
01:42:38,698 --> 01:42:39,865
know what they are.
2803
01:42:39,865 --> 01:42:40,967
i'm not talking about those
2804
01:42:40,967 --> 01:42:42,268
guys.
2805
01:42:42,268 --> 01:42:43,302
i don't believe these directors
2806
01:42:43,302 --> 01:42:46,805
are talking about this stuff.
2807
01:42:46,805 --> 01:42:48,406
i'm not talking about them.
2808
01:42:48,406 --> 01:42:49,507
you have every reason to
2809
01:42:49,507 --> 01:42:50,742
believe that there are bad guys
2810
01:42:50,742 --> 01:42:51,977
there at the moment.
2811
01:42:51,977 --> 01:42:53,578
you don't quite know the name of
2812
01:42:53,578 --> 01:42:55,313
the bad guy, but you know the
2813
01:42:55,313 --> 01:42:58,049
van, you know the weaponry, you
2814
01:42:58,049 --> 01:42:59,784
know the size of the group, you
2815
01:42:59,784 --> 01:43:00,885
know what kind of meetings have
2816
01:43:00,885 --> 01:43:02,887
been held there before, you know
2817
01:43:02,887 --> 01:43:06,256
the other vehicle that pulled up
2818
01:43:06,256 --> 01:43:09,960
and you make a decision.
2819
01:43:09,960 --> 01:43:12,463
narrator: january 2015.
2820
01:43:12,463 --> 01:43:14,131
c.i.a. drones strike a terrorist
2821
01:43:14,131 --> 01:43:16,567
encampment in pakistan.
2822
01:43:16,567 --> 01:43:19,436
to the agency's surprise, killed
2823
01:43:19,436 --> 01:43:21,238
along with the terrorists are
2824
01:43:21,238 --> 01:43:23,306
two hostages, including a
2825
01:43:23,306 --> 01:43:26,109
73-year-old american aid worker.
2826
01:43:26,109 --> 01:43:27,176
on the behalf of the united
2827
01:43:27,176 --> 01:43:29,045
states government, i offer our
2828
01:43:29,045 --> 01:43:30,713
deepest apologies to the
2829
01:43:30,713 --> 01:43:32,281
families.
2830
01:43:32,281 --> 01:43:33,816
these were signature strikes.
2831
01:43:33,816 --> 01:43:35,551
the names of the targets were
2832
01:43:35,551 --> 01:43:36,886
not known.
2833
01:43:36,886 --> 01:43:38,988
mistakes, sometimes deadly
2834
01:43:38,988 --> 01:43:41,524
mistakes, can occur.
2835
01:43:41,524 --> 01:43:43,091
in some cases where people
2836
01:43:43,091 --> 01:43:45,060
ended up dead, i don't know
2837
01:43:45,060 --> 01:43:47,396
whether they were collaborators
2838
01:43:47,396 --> 01:43:49,398
or innocent bystanders, and
2839
01:43:49,398 --> 01:43:51,333
that's the problem with these
2840
01:43:51,333 --> 01:43:53,568
kinds of remote button warfare
2841
01:43:53,568 --> 01:43:54,703
games.
2842
01:43:54,703 --> 01:43:56,738
i would rather up close and
2843
01:43:56,738 --> 01:43:57,906
personal.
2844
01:43:57,906 --> 01:43:59,841
this is hard, all right?
2845
01:43:59,841 --> 01:44:01,242
and anybody who makes these
2846
01:44:01,242 --> 01:44:02,343
kinds of decisions are going to
2847
01:44:02,343 --> 01:44:03,811
lose some sleep.
2848
01:44:03,811 --> 01:44:07,081
but you'd also lose sleep if you
2849
01:44:07,081 --> 01:44:10,117
failed to make these decisions
2850
01:44:10,117 --> 01:44:11,619
and bad things happen to
2851
01:44:11,619 --> 01:44:14,755
americans.
2852
01:44:22,829 --> 01:44:32,338
when people ask you, "what
2853
01:44:32,338 --> 01:44:33,973
keeps you awake at night?," what
2854
01:44:33,973 --> 01:44:36,409
i worried about a great deal was
2855
01:44:36,409 --> 01:44:38,143
the potential for a crippling
2856
01:44:38,143 --> 01:44:40,379
cyber attack on this country, a
2857
01:44:40,379 --> 01:44:43,816
cyber pearl harbor attack which
2858
01:44:43,816 --> 01:44:46,618
could paralyze our nation.
2859
01:44:46,618 --> 01:44:48,187
well, there are a number of
2860
01:44:48,187 --> 01:44:49,621
different possibilities that
2861
01:44:49,621 --> 01:44:50,689
could keep you up.
2862
01:44:50,689 --> 01:44:52,491
it could be everything from a
2863
01:44:52,491 --> 01:44:54,626
loose nuke somewhere, to the
2864
01:44:54,626 --> 01:44:57,028
employment of some kind of novel
2865
01:44:57,028 --> 01:45:00,731
w.m.d. element in a densely
2866
01:45:00,731 --> 01:45:02,233
populated area of the united
2867
01:45:02,233 --> 01:45:05,703
states, to a very sophisticated
2868
01:45:05,703 --> 01:45:08,239
lone wolf attack.
2869
01:45:08,239 --> 01:45:10,108
the homegrown terrorist bit
2870
01:45:10,108 --> 01:45:12,844
is a huge threat, even though
2871
01:45:12,844 --> 01:45:14,911
not in terms of fatalities in a
2872
01:45:14,911 --> 01:45:15,979
massive event, but in terms of
2873
01:45:15,979 --> 01:45:17,781
psychological warfare-- getting
2874
01:45:17,781 --> 01:45:19,316
us to do things to restrict our
2875
01:45:19,316 --> 01:45:20,484
freedoms.
2876
01:45:20,484 --> 01:45:21,818
i mean, if you shut down every
2877
01:45:21,818 --> 01:45:23,353
mall in the country, you shut
2878
01:45:23,353 --> 01:45:25,021
down the trains, the planes, the
2879
01:45:25,021 --> 01:45:26,690
banks or whatever it may be,
2880
01:45:26,690 --> 01:45:27,691
you've done... you've done
2881
01:45:27,691 --> 01:45:29,659
something.
2882
01:45:29,659 --> 01:45:32,229
narrator: ongoing threats,
2883
01:45:32,229 --> 01:45:35,030
unrelenting pressure-- the
2884
01:45:35,030 --> 01:45:36,398
burden of preventing the next
2885
01:45:36,398 --> 01:45:38,601
terrorist attack takes a
2886
01:45:38,601 --> 01:45:40,970
personal toll.
2887
01:45:40,970 --> 01:45:43,405
i don't think you can go
2888
01:45:43,405 --> 01:45:46,375
through that kind of experience
2889
01:45:46,375 --> 01:45:48,410
of having to make life and death
2890
01:45:48,410 --> 01:45:51,813
decisions, having to every day,
2891
01:45:51,813 --> 01:45:55,450
every day read intelligence
2892
01:45:55,450 --> 01:45:57,385
about all of the evil that's out
2893
01:45:57,385 --> 01:45:59,354
there in the world and those
2894
01:45:59,354 --> 01:46:01,189
that want to strike at us.
2895
01:46:01,189 --> 01:46:02,557
i don't think you can go through
2896
01:46:02,557 --> 01:46:04,559
those kinds of days and not have
2897
01:46:04,559 --> 01:46:06,427
it affect you.
2898
01:46:06,427 --> 01:46:08,396
i think it does.
2899
01:46:08,396 --> 01:46:09,697
it's hard to have a positive
2900
01:46:09,697 --> 01:46:11,365
view of human nature.
2901
01:46:11,365 --> 01:46:12,633
there's an awful lot of dark
2902
01:46:12,633 --> 01:46:15,035
forces afoot in the world.
2903
01:46:15,035 --> 01:46:17,271
it is your responsibility to
2904
01:46:17,271 --> 01:46:19,072
look up at every plane and watch
2905
01:46:19,072 --> 01:46:20,707
every train, and you think,
2906
01:46:20,707 --> 01:46:22,209
"what could go wrong?
2907
01:46:22,209 --> 01:46:23,477
what could go wrong?
2908
01:46:23,477 --> 01:46:24,878
i need to be thinking about what
2909
01:46:24,878 --> 01:46:26,680
can go wrong."
2910
01:46:26,680 --> 01:46:27,915
i don't have a husband
2911
01:46:27,915 --> 01:46:29,348
anymore.
2912
01:46:29,348 --> 01:46:32,051
i think, over the years, i had
2913
01:46:32,051 --> 01:46:34,420
just become such a robot in my
2914
01:46:34,420 --> 01:46:37,256
approach to life because that
2915
01:46:37,256 --> 01:46:40,760
was what was needed on the job.
2916
01:46:40,760 --> 01:46:42,862
i got all the trains off on time
2917
01:46:42,862 --> 01:46:44,297
and all that sort of thing with
2918
01:46:44,297 --> 01:46:47,332
the family, but they don't
2919
01:46:47,332 --> 01:46:49,000
necessarily see me as having
2920
01:46:49,000 --> 01:46:50,602
been emotionally present in
2921
01:46:50,602 --> 01:46:52,437
their lives.
2922
01:46:52,437 --> 01:46:54,506
that's a hard thing to take.
2923
01:46:54,506 --> 01:46:56,808
the reason i'm so strong for
2924
01:46:56,808 --> 01:47:00,111
c.i.a. is, i saw their dedicated
2925
01:47:00,111 --> 01:47:02,247
men and women that work there
2926
01:47:02,247 --> 01:47:03,515
get no credit.
2927
01:47:03,515 --> 01:47:05,350
not out in the open at all.
2928
01:47:05,350 --> 01:47:07,451
and i just admired their
2929
01:47:07,451 --> 01:47:09,920
patriotism and their dedication
2930
01:47:09,920 --> 01:47:11,655
to this country.
2931
01:47:11,655 --> 01:47:13,424
it was very, very hard.
2932
01:47:13,424 --> 01:47:14,592
you know, i always noticed
2933
01:47:14,592 --> 01:47:16,694
something-- wives of c.i.a.
2934
01:47:16,694 --> 01:47:18,162
directors.
2935
01:47:18,162 --> 01:47:23,300
the wives are, to a person, of
2936
01:47:23,300 --> 01:47:24,934
the view that the experience was
2937
01:47:24,934 --> 01:47:30,173
not good for their husbands.
2938
01:47:30,173 --> 01:47:31,474
narrator: the spymasters are
2939
01:47:31,474 --> 01:47:33,776
all too human-- their successes
2940
01:47:33,776 --> 01:47:36,579
often secret, their mistakes
2941
01:47:36,579 --> 01:47:40,283
exposed and magnified.
2942
01:47:40,283 --> 01:47:41,484
the scandal comes at a
2943
01:47:41,484 --> 01:47:43,218
sensitive time for petraeus and
2944
01:47:43,218 --> 01:47:45,220
the c.i.a.
2945
01:47:45,220 --> 01:47:46,588
david petraeus is not the
2946
01:47:46,588 --> 01:47:48,056
first high-ranking washington
2947
01:47:48,056 --> 01:47:49,791
official to have an affair, but
2948
01:47:49,791 --> 01:47:51,727
he is the first c.i.a. director
2949
01:47:51,727 --> 01:47:53,695
to resign because of one.
2950
01:47:53,695 --> 01:47:55,297
the petraeus indiscretions came
2951
01:47:55,297 --> 01:47:56,965
to the attention of the f.b.i.
2952
01:47:56,965 --> 01:47:59,534
you were confirmed in the job
2953
01:47:59,534 --> 01:48:02,803
by a vote of 92-0.
2954
01:48:02,803 --> 01:48:04,872
precipitous fall.
2955
01:48:04,872 --> 01:48:07,275
how tough was that?
2956
01:48:07,275 --> 01:48:08,709
precipitous falls are very
2957
01:48:08,709 --> 01:48:09,844
tough.
2958
01:48:09,844 --> 01:48:11,145
you know, there's a saying in
2959
01:48:11,145 --> 01:48:12,246
the military, "the higher you go
2960
01:48:12,246 --> 01:48:13,981
up the flagpole, the more chance
2961
01:48:13,981 --> 01:48:15,816
you have to show your backside."
2962
01:48:15,816 --> 01:48:17,918
and i was well up the flagpole
2963
01:48:17,918 --> 01:48:22,722
and did just that.
2964
01:48:22,722 --> 01:48:23,857
narrator: some directors
2965
01:48:23,857 --> 01:48:25,158
worry that the agency's mission
2966
01:48:25,158 --> 01:48:27,794
has changed, that the c.i.a.,
2967
01:48:27,794 --> 01:48:29,496
once an intelligence and
2968
01:48:29,496 --> 01:48:31,831
espionage service, has become
2969
01:48:31,831 --> 01:48:36,169
too focused on lethal covert
2970
01:48:36,169 --> 01:48:41,106
action.
2971
01:48:41,106 --> 01:48:43,409
there's no doubt that c.i.a.
2972
01:48:43,409 --> 01:48:45,311
today has a much larger
2973
01:48:45,311 --> 01:48:47,146
paramilitary mission than it
2974
01:48:47,146 --> 01:48:49,381
ever has, going all the way back
2975
01:48:49,381 --> 01:48:50,883
to its roots.
2976
01:48:50,883 --> 01:48:52,718
there's no doubt that over the
2977
01:48:52,718 --> 01:48:54,520
long-term that's not a healthy
2978
01:48:54,520 --> 01:48:57,789
thing, because the primary job
2979
01:48:57,789 --> 01:48:59,490
of the central intelligence
2980
01:48:59,490 --> 01:49:01,025
agency is to collect secrets.
2981
01:49:01,025 --> 01:49:02,226
look, i'll be totally candid
2982
01:49:02,226 --> 01:49:03,594
with you.
2983
01:49:03,594 --> 01:49:05,196
an awful lot of what we now call
2984
01:49:05,196 --> 01:49:06,964
analysis in the american
2985
01:49:06,964 --> 01:49:09,000
intelligence community is really
2986
01:49:09,000 --> 01:49:10,335
targeting.
2987
01:49:10,335 --> 01:49:11,903
we're safer because of it, but
2988
01:49:11,903 --> 01:49:17,541
it has not been cost-free.
2989
01:49:17,541 --> 01:49:19,042
i think there's too much of a
2990
01:49:19,042 --> 01:49:21,378
tendency to get so caught up in
2991
01:49:21,378 --> 01:49:24,214
the scintillating covert world,
2992
01:49:24,214 --> 01:49:26,216
that we forget that it's on the
2993
01:49:26,216 --> 01:49:27,818
analytical side and the
2994
01:49:27,818 --> 01:49:29,853
espionage side that c.i.a.
2995
01:49:29,853 --> 01:49:33,523
actually earns its money.
2996
01:49:33,523 --> 01:49:34,757
i mean, just think about the
2997
01:49:34,757 --> 01:49:36,559
past decade or more had we not
2998
01:49:36,559 --> 01:49:38,227
gone to war in iraq, what the
2999
01:49:38,227 --> 01:49:40,896
world would look like.
3000
01:49:40,896 --> 01:49:43,032
so... and that's an analytical
3001
01:49:43,032 --> 01:49:44,266
failure.
3002
01:49:44,266 --> 01:49:45,568
it doesn't mean you don't
3003
01:49:45,568 --> 01:49:46,602
kill.
3004
01:49:46,602 --> 01:49:47,803
it doesn't mean you don't
3005
01:49:47,803 --> 01:49:48,838
protect yourself.
3006
01:49:48,838 --> 01:49:50,072
there's just a bigger issue that
3007
01:49:50,072 --> 01:49:51,407
you have to get your arms
3008
01:49:51,407 --> 01:49:52,907
around, which is the creation of
3009
01:49:52,907 --> 01:49:59,681
terrorists in the first place.
3010
01:49:59,681 --> 01:50:01,683
look, let's be very candid.
3011
01:50:01,683 --> 01:50:03,551
this is about islam.
3012
01:50:03,551 --> 01:50:04,919
now, i'm not criticizing one of
3013
01:50:04,919 --> 01:50:06,388
the world's great monotheisms.
3014
01:50:06,388 --> 01:50:08,356
it's not about the quran, it's
3015
01:50:08,356 --> 01:50:10,058
not about the prophet, but it is
3016
01:50:10,058 --> 01:50:11,458
about the way it is being
3017
01:50:11,458 --> 01:50:16,330
misused.
3018
01:50:16,330 --> 01:50:18,165
my view of this, frankly, is
3019
01:50:18,165 --> 01:50:20,000
that this is not so much
3020
01:50:20,000 --> 01:50:22,870
religion as just evil, and we've
3021
01:50:22,870 --> 01:50:24,938
always had to deal with evil.
3022
01:50:24,938 --> 01:50:28,075
i mean, people, people who do
3023
01:50:28,075 --> 01:50:31,477
evil things, they may excuse
3024
01:50:31,477 --> 01:50:34,680
what they do based on jihad,
3025
01:50:34,680 --> 01:50:36,115
based on the power of the
3026
01:50:36,115 --> 01:50:39,519
church, but deep down these are
3027
01:50:39,519 --> 01:50:44,023
people who are evil.
3028
01:50:48,127 --> 01:50:49,494
civil uprisings quickly
3029
01:50:49,494 --> 01:50:51,563
became a tsunami of citizens
3030
01:50:51,563 --> 01:50:53,698
roaring for freedom.
3031
01:50:53,698 --> 01:50:54,966
there's been a transformation
3032
01:50:54,966 --> 01:50:56,001
of sorts in the middle east
3033
01:50:56,001 --> 01:50:58,770
because the arab spring, while
3034
01:50:58,770 --> 01:51:02,274
it has regressed in some ways,
3035
01:51:02,274 --> 01:51:03,875
they unleashed a series of
3036
01:51:03,875 --> 01:51:06,611
forces that basically said, "we
3037
01:51:06,611 --> 01:51:08,145
want a better way of life.
3038
01:51:08,145 --> 01:51:09,613
we want a functioning civil
3039
01:51:09,613 --> 01:51:16,787
society."
3040
01:51:16,787 --> 01:51:18,989
so, in part, the
3041
01:51:18,989 --> 01:51:20,925
message has to be to islam
3042
01:51:20,925 --> 01:51:24,628
itself, is, you have to create
3043
01:51:24,628 --> 01:51:26,529
vibrant civil societies that
3044
01:51:26,529 --> 01:51:28,798
work, that create educational
3045
01:51:28,798 --> 01:51:29,866
opportunities.
3046
01:51:29,866 --> 01:51:31,034
but this is something they have
3047
01:51:31,034 --> 01:51:32,635
to do for themselves.
3048
01:51:32,635 --> 01:51:34,103
dealing with this
3049
01:51:34,103 --> 01:51:35,305
radicalization that's taking
3050
01:51:35,305 --> 01:51:37,073
place among these young men and
3051
01:51:37,073 --> 01:51:38,174
young women is the bigger
3052
01:51:38,174 --> 01:51:44,246
problem, and until we get our
3053
01:51:44,246 --> 01:51:46,248
arms around that, this war is
3054
01:51:46,248 --> 01:51:49,718
not going away.
3055
01:51:49,718 --> 01:51:52,221
the harsh truth is, terrorism
3056
01:51:52,221 --> 01:51:53,689
is right now worse than it's
3057
01:51:53,689 --> 01:51:55,924
ever been.
3058
01:51:55,924 --> 01:51:57,259
it's the largest safe haven
3059
01:51:57,259 --> 01:51:58,494
they've had in more than a
3060
01:51:58,494 --> 01:52:00,696
decade with money, access,
3061
01:52:00,696 --> 01:52:05,366
narrative and territory.
3062
01:52:05,366 --> 01:52:06,901
i've come to the view in dealing
3063
01:52:06,901 --> 01:52:09,904
with bad guys that generally you
3064
01:52:09,904 --> 01:52:11,772
should believe what they say.
3065
01:52:11,772 --> 01:52:12,840
most of them are going to try
3066
01:52:12,840 --> 01:52:13,908
and do what they tell you
3067
01:52:13,908 --> 01:52:15,076
they're going to do.
3068
01:52:15,076 --> 01:52:16,777
for now, i would say the isis'
3069
01:52:16,777 --> 01:52:18,746
objective is to consolidate
3070
01:52:18,746 --> 01:52:20,815
their position in this so-called
3071
01:52:20,815 --> 01:52:22,682
caliphate, but unless they are
3072
01:52:22,682 --> 01:52:26,219
stamped out, they'll come here.
3073
01:52:26,219 --> 01:52:29,723
they'll come here. our
3074
01:52:29,723 --> 01:52:31,525
sensibilities and souls have
3075
01:52:31,525 --> 01:52:34,227
been gerard by the horrific and
3076
01:52:34,227 --> 01:52:36,863
wonton violence perpetrated upon
3077
01:52:36,863 --> 01:52:39,432
the innocent in the streets,
3078
01:52:39,432 --> 01:52:42,368
cafes and concert halls
3079
01:52:42,368 --> 01:52:45,104
in the beautiful city of paris.
3080
01:52:45,104 --> 01:52:47,640
to say we're not in their gun
3081
01:52:47,640 --> 01:52:49,508
sights reminds me a little bit
3082
01:52:49,508 --> 01:52:52,611
too much of pre-9/11, where
3083
01:52:52,611 --> 01:52:54,547
frankly the c.i.a. encountered,
3084
01:52:54,547 --> 01:52:56,282
in much of the world, what i
3085
01:52:56,282 --> 01:52:57,416
would call a climate of
3086
01:52:57,416 --> 01:52:58,483
disbelief.
3087
01:53:06,591 --> 01:53:08,993
i wish we would just capture
3088
01:53:08,993 --> 01:53:12,797
some people.
3089
01:53:12,797 --> 01:53:14,132
i've got more fingers on this
3090
01:53:14,132 --> 01:53:15,500
hand than the number of people
3091
01:53:15,500 --> 01:53:17,100
we've captured since i left
3092
01:53:17,100 --> 01:53:18,468
government.
3093
01:53:18,468 --> 01:53:19,836
we've made it so legally
3094
01:53:19,836 --> 01:53:21,138
difficult and politically
3095
01:53:21,138 --> 01:53:22,806
dangerous to capture that we
3096
01:53:22,806 --> 01:53:23,907
don't.
3097
01:53:23,907 --> 01:53:25,208
we do not know what the rules
3098
01:53:25,208 --> 01:53:26,777
of engagement are.
3099
01:53:26,777 --> 01:53:28,245
are we dealing with enemy
3100
01:53:28,245 --> 01:53:29,413
combatants?
3101
01:53:29,413 --> 01:53:31,214
are we dealing with criminals?
3102
01:53:31,214 --> 01:53:33,817
are we dealing with thugs?
3103
01:53:33,817 --> 01:53:35,518
are the rules of engagement is,
3104
01:53:35,518 --> 01:53:36,686
we shoot first?
3105
01:53:36,686 --> 01:53:38,020
we only shoot if we get shot at?
3106
01:53:38,020 --> 01:53:39,522
i do not believe that the...
3107
01:53:39,522 --> 01:53:42,758
the remedy to terrorism is using
3108
01:53:42,758 --> 01:53:44,627
the pointy end of the spear,
3109
01:53:44,627 --> 01:53:46,329
kicking down the doors, taking
3110
01:53:46,329 --> 01:53:47,496
action against the terrorist
3111
01:53:47,496 --> 01:53:48,030
organizations.
3112
01:53:48,030 --> 01:53:49,365
this is not an issue we can
3113
01:53:49,365 --> 01:53:50,666
kill our way out of.
3114
01:53:50,666 --> 01:53:52,368
you cannot kill your way out
3115
01:53:52,368 --> 01:53:53,069
of this.
3116
01:53:53,069 --> 01:53:54,269
you cannot kill your way out.
3117
01:53:54,269 --> 01:53:55,570
you can't kill your way out
3118
01:53:55,570 --> 01:53:56,338
of this.
3119
01:53:56,338 --> 01:53:57,672
that's a mistake.
3120
01:53:57,672 --> 01:53:58,840
it's a much bigger issue than
3121
01:53:58,840 --> 01:54:00,041
just killing people.
3122
01:54:00,041 --> 01:54:02,010
it's much more complicated.
3123
01:54:07,749 --> 01:54:09,117
now we can live in a world
3124
01:54:09,117 --> 01:54:10,485
where we all try to see who
3125
01:54:10,485 --> 01:54:11,886
could be the toughest, the
3126
01:54:11,886 --> 01:54:15,422
meanest and so forth, but it
3127
01:54:15,422 --> 01:54:16,957
isn't going to be the kind of
3128
01:54:16,957 --> 01:54:18,525
world that we believe we want
3129
01:54:18,525 --> 01:54:20,494
for our children and for their
3130
01:54:20,494 --> 01:54:26,300
children.
3131
01:54:26,300 --> 01:54:28,068
i may be a bit of a heretic
3132
01:54:28,068 --> 01:54:30,571
because i don't really see
3133
01:54:30,571 --> 01:54:32,939
terrorists or terrorism as a
3134
01:54:32,939 --> 01:54:34,140
threat to u.s. national
3135
01:54:34,140 --> 01:54:40,546
security.
3136
01:54:40,546 --> 01:54:42,749
to me, our nation's security is
3137
01:54:42,749 --> 01:54:45,785
only threatened by us if we
3138
01:54:45,785 --> 01:54:48,955
choose to change course and
3139
01:54:48,955 --> 01:54:53,258
become something that we're not.
3140
01:54:53,258 --> 01:54:55,360
so, if you look back at the
3141
01:54:55,360 --> 01:54:58,697
fight against al qaeda and isis,
3142
01:54:58,697 --> 01:54:59,898
the big picture is a great
3143
01:54:59,898 --> 01:55:02,367
victory for us and a great
3144
01:55:02,367 --> 01:55:04,369
victory for them.
3145
01:55:04,369 --> 01:55:05,971
our great victory has been the
3146
01:55:05,971 --> 01:55:08,973
degradation, decimation, near
3147
01:55:08,973 --> 01:55:11,342
defeat of that al qaeda core
3148
01:55:11,342 --> 01:55:13,611
that brought that tragedy to our
3149
01:55:13,611 --> 01:55:15,446
shores on 9/11.
3150
01:55:15,446 --> 01:55:16,981
their great victory has been the
3151
01:55:16,981 --> 01:55:19,717
spread of their ideology across
3152
01:55:19,717 --> 01:55:22,453
a huge geographic area.
3153
01:55:22,453 --> 01:55:29,526
that's been their great victory.
3154
01:55:29,526 --> 01:55:32,562
i fear and i realize that
3155
01:55:32,562 --> 01:55:34,898
we're not going to see an end to
3156
01:55:34,898 --> 01:55:36,433
terrorism in my lifetime or my
3157
01:55:36,433 --> 01:55:39,269
children's lifetime.
3158
01:55:47,342 --> 01:55:55,384
we're just going to have to
3159
01:56:04,158 --> 01:56:05,359
continue to do our jobs every
3160
01:56:05,359 --> 01:56:07,495
day to minimize to the greatest
3161
01:56:07,495 --> 01:56:08,996
extent possible the ability of
3162
01:56:08,996 --> 01:56:11,099
these individuals to
3163
01:56:11,099 --> 01:56:13,000
successfully carry out these...
3164
01:56:13,000 --> 01:56:17,138
these terrorist acts.
3165
01:56:17,138 --> 01:56:18,339
that's what intelligence is
3166
01:56:18,339 --> 01:56:19,407
really trying to do.
3167
01:56:19,407 --> 01:56:20,742
we're trying to give time and
3168
01:56:20,742 --> 01:56:22,976
space to policy makers, to our
3169
01:56:22,976 --> 01:56:25,011
diplomats, to our negotiators to
3170
01:56:25,011 --> 01:56:26,379
resolve some of these
3171
01:56:26,379 --> 01:56:27,647
outstanding issues and tensions
3172
01:56:27,647 --> 01:56:31,251
that exist in the world.
3173
01:56:31,251 --> 01:56:32,790
the reality is that
3174
01:56:32,790 --> 01:56:34,725
intelligence or direct action
3175
01:56:34,725 --> 01:56:37,528
only buys you space.
3176
01:56:37,528 --> 01:56:39,163
it rarely solves the problem on
3177
01:56:39,163 --> 01:56:40,598
its own.
3178
01:56:40,598 --> 01:56:42,133
and if political leaders don't
3179
01:56:42,133 --> 01:56:43,801
have the wherewithal or the
3180
01:56:43,801 --> 01:56:45,102
courage or whatever it takes to
3181
01:56:45,102 --> 01:56:47,571
use the space, you get into this
3182
01:56:47,571 --> 01:56:49,006
loop where you get to kill
3183
01:56:49,006 --> 01:56:51,308
people forever.
3184
01:56:53,644 --> 01:56:56,113
captioning sponsored by cbs
3185
01:56:59,083 --> 01:57:00,785
captioned by
3186
01:57:00,785 --> 01:57:02,953
media access group at wgbh
3187
01:57:02,953 --> 01:57:05,122
access.wgbh.org
209023
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