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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:04,404 --> 00:00:08,308 NARRATOR: For a century, the Titanic has been hidden in darkness... 2 00:00:09,376 --> 00:00:13,313 two-and-a-half miles down, at the bottom of the Atlantic. 3 00:00:14,948 --> 00:00:19,019 But now a new investigation is about to drain the ocean... 4 00:00:20,086 --> 00:00:24,357 pull the plug of the Atlantic and reveal the wreck. 5 00:00:25,091 --> 00:00:29,462 The Titanic as she's never been seen before. 6 00:00:30,296 --> 00:00:32,399 And in the bright light of day, 7 00:00:32,465 --> 00:00:37,237 we uncover critical new pieces of evidence not previously visible... 8 00:00:39,005 --> 00:00:41,441 from giant gouges on the ocean floor 9 00:00:42,242 --> 00:00:44,978 to damage from the iceberg that sliced her open. 10 00:00:46,946 --> 00:00:50,583 A team of scientists equipped with cutting-edge tools 11 00:00:50,650 --> 00:00:54,354 now tackle the long-standing mysteries of the disaster 12 00:00:54,421 --> 00:00:57,390 that could rewrite the Titanic's story. 13 00:00:59,526 --> 00:01:01,061 Drained dry... 14 00:01:02,662 --> 00:01:07,634 this is the wreck of the Titanic as you've never seen it before. 15 00:01:09,536 --> 00:01:12,205 [metal creaking] 16 00:01:15,442 --> 00:01:18,511 It's the most infamous ship in all history, 17 00:01:19,045 --> 00:01:20,380 the Titanic. 18 00:01:22,282 --> 00:01:25,351 From a time when ocean liners are racing to be 19 00:01:25,418 --> 00:01:28,188 the biggest, the fastest, and the best... 20 00:01:29,222 --> 00:01:33,159 the RMS Titanic is a technological marvel. 21 00:01:34,961 --> 00:01:37,163 When she sets sail in 1912, 22 00:01:37,564 --> 00:01:41,000 she's the largest moving man-made object on the planet. 23 00:01:42,168 --> 00:01:44,270 An unsinkable ship. 24 00:01:47,340 --> 00:01:50,710 But around 2,500 miles into her maiden voyage, 25 00:01:51,111 --> 00:01:52,378 disaster. 26 00:01:54,013 --> 00:01:56,516 [loud scraping] 27 00:01:58,952 --> 00:02:03,456 1,500 passengers and crew dragged down to the icy depths. 28 00:02:06,759 --> 00:02:09,429 And over a century later, we still don't know 29 00:02:09,496 --> 00:02:11,464 exactly what happened that night. 30 00:02:12,565 --> 00:02:15,568 How she sank and broke apart. 31 00:02:19,439 --> 00:02:22,342 Hundreds of passengers and crew witnessed the tragedy 32 00:02:22,408 --> 00:02:24,010 and lived to tell the tale. 33 00:02:25,178 --> 00:02:29,015 Yet, despite this, there remain countless unanswered questions. 34 00:02:29,616 --> 00:02:32,252 KENNETH VRANA: We have lots of historical information, 35 00:02:32,318 --> 00:02:36,956 but often there are biases in those historical accounts. 36 00:02:37,023 --> 00:02:40,593 Even the eyewitnesses of the sinking of Titanic 37 00:02:40,660 --> 00:02:44,797 had many different perceptions of how that sinking took place. 38 00:02:44,864 --> 00:02:50,403 So the best way to unravel some of those questions 39 00:02:50,470 --> 00:02:51,771 is to use science. 40 00:02:52,839 --> 00:02:58,211 NARRATOR: Explorers first discovered the Titanic's wreckage in September 1985. 41 00:02:58,278 --> 00:03:00,146 BOB BALLARD: The boiler! Yeah! 42 00:03:00,213 --> 00:03:05,285 [laughing and cheering] 43 00:03:09,622 --> 00:03:12,959 NARRATOR: Since then, more than 20 expeditions have gone back to the ship. 44 00:03:15,328 --> 00:03:17,363 Two-and-a-half miles down, 45 00:03:17,430 --> 00:03:20,767 this is a place as alien as the surface of the moon. 46 00:03:22,268 --> 00:03:25,638 Only a few yards of the Titanic's hull are visible 47 00:03:25,705 --> 00:03:28,641 in the explorer's headlights at any one time. 48 00:03:31,144 --> 00:03:34,247 Nobody's ever been able to see the whole wreck 49 00:03:34,314 --> 00:03:37,083 or even find the edges of the site. 50 00:03:40,086 --> 00:03:44,524 In the past, trying to understand Titanic with the existing technology 51 00:03:44,591 --> 00:03:47,260 was like trying to draw a map of downtown Manhattan 52 00:03:48,761 --> 00:03:52,865 from the height of a ten-story building 53 00:03:52,932 --> 00:03:56,436 in a vehicle that has the windows fogged up. 54 00:03:57,036 --> 00:04:00,807 It's pitch black and you're trying to look at it through a flashlight. 55 00:04:01,241 --> 00:04:02,976 Challenging, to say the least. 56 00:04:05,078 --> 00:04:07,714 NARRATOR: Critical clues to understanding the disaster 57 00:04:08,414 --> 00:04:10,583 still lurk in this darkness. 58 00:04:11,584 --> 00:04:16,589 Now, a team of scientists funded by the legal steward of the wreck, 59 00:04:16,656 --> 00:04:18,258 RMS Titanic, Inc., 60 00:04:18,324 --> 00:04:20,193 are set to change all that 61 00:04:22,328 --> 00:04:26,332 and bring the Titanic into the clear light of day for the first time. 62 00:04:28,001 --> 00:04:30,603 An epic high-tech investigation 63 00:04:30,670 --> 00:04:34,207 to discover exactly how and why she sank... 64 00:04:35,141 --> 00:04:38,211 the Titanic Mapping Project. 65 00:04:38,278 --> 00:04:42,248 The mission, use cutting-edge sonar mapping technology 66 00:04:42,315 --> 00:04:44,817 to scan every part of the wreck. 67 00:04:44,884 --> 00:04:47,654 And build a precise digital model of the Titanic... 68 00:04:48,755 --> 00:04:51,758 as she sits on the ocean floor. 69 00:04:54,861 --> 00:04:58,498 Their data will allow us to virtually peel back the sea. 70 00:04:58,765 --> 00:05:00,867 [whooshing] 71 00:05:01,534 --> 00:05:05,371 Strip away trillions of gallons of the Atlantic Ocean 72 00:05:06,406 --> 00:05:09,475 and two-and-a-half miles down 73 00:05:10,977 --> 00:05:13,513 reveal the unsinkable Titanic... 74 00:05:15,348 --> 00:05:18,518 drained dry on the ocean floor. 75 00:05:22,422 --> 00:05:25,325 But scanning the deep ocean isn't easy. 76 00:05:26,826 --> 00:05:29,962 Autonomous underwater vehicles, AUVs, 77 00:05:30,029 --> 00:05:33,466 have to dive down through 12,000 feet of water. 78 00:05:34,567 --> 00:05:37,637 It's incredibly challenging to work at Titanic. 79 00:05:37,704 --> 00:05:39,505 It's dangerous. It's a very dangerous place. 80 00:05:40,406 --> 00:05:43,176 NARRATOR: Investigators program the AUVs 81 00:05:43,242 --> 00:05:45,878 to fly as close as 30 feet above the wreck. 82 00:05:48,081 --> 00:05:50,983 The underwater drones then fire signals, 83 00:05:51,050 --> 00:05:55,021 measuring variations in height down to the tiniest detail. 84 00:05:56,356 --> 00:05:59,092 They crisscross the wreck and seabed 85 00:05:59,158 --> 00:06:01,094 like mowing a gigantic lawn. 86 00:06:02,295 --> 00:06:05,665 Each pass scans a 150-foot wide strip, 87 00:06:06,132 --> 00:06:08,267 gathering millions of data points. 88 00:06:10,403 --> 00:06:12,972 Next, the team deploys an ROV, 89 00:06:13,039 --> 00:06:16,309 a remote-controlled sub attached by cable, 90 00:06:16,376 --> 00:06:20,880 to capture thousands of digital images of every point on the wreck. 91 00:06:21,781 --> 00:06:24,550 GALLO: Every single day these vehicles would come back 92 00:06:24,617 --> 00:06:27,320 with some new bit of information about what was on the bottom. 93 00:06:29,889 --> 00:06:33,259 NARRATOR: A tidal wave of new data comes to the surface. 94 00:06:35,328 --> 00:06:38,431 Over 160 hours of video. 95 00:06:38,498 --> 00:06:42,335 In total, 37 terabytes of data. 96 00:06:43,035 --> 00:06:46,239 But to see what they've got takes time. 97 00:06:47,974 --> 00:06:52,445 Over the next weeks, banks of computers crunch the raw data, 98 00:06:53,212 --> 00:06:58,151 turning millions of sonar points into a complex model of the wreck. 99 00:06:58,217 --> 00:07:00,753 ROBERT GOODWIN: I remember all of us sort of sitting around the computer 100 00:07:00,820 --> 00:07:03,890 when we first were building the 3-D layer 101 00:07:03,956 --> 00:07:07,360 and seeing the bow and seeing the stern in so much detail. 102 00:07:07,427 --> 00:07:09,929 We were all sort of grinning at the screen. 103 00:07:09,996 --> 00:07:13,166 Looking at all that data and seeing that for the first time 104 00:07:13,232 --> 00:07:14,667 was pretty amazing. 105 00:07:15,668 --> 00:07:17,336 NARRATOR: At the same time, 106 00:07:17,403 --> 00:07:21,207 visualization expert Bill Lange begins stitching together 107 00:07:21,274 --> 00:07:24,243 thousands of individual images of the wreck... 108 00:07:26,946 --> 00:07:31,551 a task that takes him and his team at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 109 00:07:31,617 --> 00:07:33,453 six months to complete. 110 00:07:34,854 --> 00:07:37,323 LANGE: It was a very long and tedious process. 111 00:07:37,390 --> 00:07:40,259 There were over 200 other mosaics that were done 112 00:07:40,326 --> 00:07:44,697 for site interpretation and feature archaeological work. 113 00:07:46,599 --> 00:07:48,568 NARRATOR: This ultra high-def imagery, 114 00:07:48,634 --> 00:07:50,536 together with the 3-D scan... 115 00:07:52,638 --> 00:07:56,142 can now unlock a new vision of the Titanic, 116 00:07:56,209 --> 00:07:59,111 a wreck that's been shrouded in darkness 117 00:07:59,178 --> 00:08:00,746 for over a century. 118 00:08:06,352 --> 00:08:08,988 It's been four years in the making. 119 00:08:10,590 --> 00:08:11,757 But now... 120 00:08:14,093 --> 00:08:17,630 we can strip bare an extraordinary landscape... 121 00:08:19,031 --> 00:08:21,133 pull the plug from the Atlantic. 122 00:08:24,237 --> 00:08:26,239 Two-and-a-half miles down... 123 00:08:27,607 --> 00:08:31,344 giant walls of steel tower into the sky. 124 00:08:33,813 --> 00:08:36,249 Sunlight hits her decks once more 125 00:08:37,984 --> 00:08:41,454 and countless clues to the disaster start to emerge. 126 00:08:44,657 --> 00:08:45,892 This is... 127 00:08:49,128 --> 00:08:50,663 the drained wreck... 128 00:08:53,833 --> 00:08:55,368 of the Titanic. 129 00:09:07,547 --> 00:09:09,382 NARRATOR: We've drained the Titanic... 130 00:09:10,883 --> 00:09:12,118 and for the first time 131 00:09:12,184 --> 00:09:14,654 we can see the ship in its entirety... 132 00:09:16,155 --> 00:09:18,457 in unprecedented detail. 133 00:09:20,159 --> 00:09:23,763 Now investigators can map out the site's boundaries. 134 00:09:25,865 --> 00:09:29,035 And archaeologists can get an overview of a wreck 135 00:09:29,101 --> 00:09:32,305 that's been hidden for over 100 years. 136 00:09:33,306 --> 00:09:35,474 GALLO: It's almost like the fog has been cleared away. 137 00:09:35,541 --> 00:09:38,277 We can now start to see through the perpetual darkness. 138 00:09:39,478 --> 00:09:42,048 VRANA: The idea of draining the Titanic 139 00:09:42,114 --> 00:09:44,884 presents the site in a whole different light. 140 00:09:44,951 --> 00:09:46,752 It's not impenetrable. 141 00:09:46,819 --> 00:09:50,456 It's right there in front of us to explore. 142 00:09:54,660 --> 00:09:57,496 NARRATOR: The Titanic's wreckage is spread out 143 00:09:57,563 --> 00:10:01,200 over half a square mile of the exposed ocean floor. 144 00:10:02,668 --> 00:10:05,805 An area of some 200 football fields. 145 00:10:07,506 --> 00:10:09,675 The site of RMS Titanic, 146 00:10:09,742 --> 00:10:14,914 it can be described pretty basically as two large features. 147 00:10:16,115 --> 00:10:20,019 The bow section and the stern section... 148 00:10:21,120 --> 00:10:24,023 which are about a half a mile apart, 149 00:10:24,090 --> 00:10:26,692 and then numerous debris fields. 150 00:10:28,027 --> 00:10:31,397 NARRATOR: In all, there are five debris fields, 151 00:10:31,464 --> 00:10:34,333 each scattered with fragments of the ship 152 00:10:34,400 --> 00:10:36,969 and objects that tumbled out as she sank. 153 00:10:39,171 --> 00:10:42,274 The stunning vistas unleashed by the new model 154 00:10:42,341 --> 00:10:44,710 bring the Titanic back to life. 155 00:10:45,945 --> 00:10:50,950 With the water stripped away, her story is laid out in plain sight. 156 00:10:54,987 --> 00:10:57,857 GALLO: People think science is above emotion. 157 00:10:57,923 --> 00:10:59,859 You know, when you're looking at the boat deck 158 00:10:59,925 --> 00:11:02,294 where you know so many people said goodbye to one another, 159 00:11:02,361 --> 00:11:04,530 these are important points on that ship. 160 00:11:06,098 --> 00:11:09,902 NARRATOR: The guard rails, where on that freezing night 161 00:11:09,969 --> 00:11:11,737 fathers hugged their children, 162 00:11:11,804 --> 00:11:14,573 set them in the lowering lifeboats... 163 00:11:15,775 --> 00:11:18,844 and leaned out to catch a final glimpse of their loved ones. 164 00:11:21,580 --> 00:11:24,450 Portholes where passengers trapped below deck 165 00:11:24,884 --> 00:11:28,220 saw the starry sky for the last time 166 00:11:28,287 --> 00:11:30,790 as the ship slipped beneath the waves. 167 00:11:32,525 --> 00:11:35,027 And even the mast of the crow's nest, 168 00:11:35,094 --> 00:11:39,532 where lookout Frederick Fleet's voice shattered the silence of the night 169 00:11:39,598 --> 00:11:42,201 as he first spotted the looming iceberg. 170 00:11:45,638 --> 00:11:48,708 The Titanic's iconic eight-ton anchors, 171 00:11:48,774 --> 00:11:50,276 still in place, 172 00:11:50,342 --> 00:11:53,913 gleam in the bright daylight for the first time 173 00:11:53,979 --> 00:11:55,715 in over a century. 174 00:11:58,084 --> 00:12:00,886 And with the ocean now sucked dry, 175 00:12:01,487 --> 00:12:05,658 her enormous bow section towers above the seabed. 176 00:12:05,725 --> 00:12:09,462 Despite the violence of the sinking and all that time on the bottom, 177 00:12:09,528 --> 00:12:12,064 what's inside that bow, in particular, 178 00:12:12,131 --> 00:12:17,503 is still a ghostly sense of the ship that was. 179 00:12:19,038 --> 00:12:22,308 NARRATOR: Inside the bow were many of the most luxurious 180 00:12:22,374 --> 00:12:24,143 of the ship's features. 181 00:12:25,678 --> 00:12:30,082 The grand staircase running the height of five decks. 182 00:12:33,519 --> 00:12:37,990 The heated swimming pool reserved for first-class passengers only. 183 00:12:41,560 --> 00:12:43,729 And a state-of-the-art gym 184 00:12:43,796 --> 00:12:45,865 positioned right up on the boat deck. 185 00:12:47,600 --> 00:12:52,238 The model reveals just how intact this section of the ship really is. 186 00:12:54,039 --> 00:12:58,410 Embedded in the exposed ocean floor, almost perfectly upright, 187 00:12:59,011 --> 00:13:03,816 the ghostly shell of the Titanic seems to be sailing across the seabed, 188 00:13:03,883 --> 00:13:06,919 her prow parting the mud almost like water. 189 00:13:11,490 --> 00:13:14,994 With 40 feet of the bow above the ocean floor, 190 00:13:15,561 --> 00:13:18,164 a full 60 feet must be buried. 191 00:13:18,230 --> 00:13:20,699 Equivalent to a six-story building. 192 00:13:21,734 --> 00:13:24,970 Using the depth to which it carved into the seabed, 193 00:13:25,037 --> 00:13:27,239 investigators are refining their calculations 194 00:13:27,306 --> 00:13:29,175 of the impact speed. 195 00:13:30,209 --> 00:13:32,178 Its descent was very smooth. 196 00:13:32,244 --> 00:13:36,682 It had its aerodynamic nose facing into the direction of travel... 197 00:13:38,717 --> 00:13:40,119 so there was no tumbling. 198 00:13:40,186 --> 00:13:43,489 It was not particularly violent until the very last moment. 199 00:13:45,591 --> 00:13:48,327 NARRATOR: Once separated from the rest of the ship, 200 00:13:48,394 --> 00:13:52,598 the bow sank first at about 35 miles per hour 201 00:13:52,665 --> 00:13:55,534 at an angle of 15 to 30 degrees. 202 00:13:56,402 --> 00:13:58,838 Its impact with the sea floor 203 00:13:58,904 --> 00:14:04,577 was like a gigantic 28,000-ton truck slamming into a snowdrift. 204 00:14:06,645 --> 00:14:08,514 SAUDER: When the bow finally reached the bottom, 205 00:14:08,581 --> 00:14:12,852 it plowed into the dirt almost all the way up to the anchors. 206 00:14:14,253 --> 00:14:17,156 NARRATOR: With the darkness of the deep drained away, 207 00:14:17,223 --> 00:14:19,024 it's crystal clear. 208 00:14:19,091 --> 00:14:22,027 Here the impact is frozen in time. 209 00:14:23,629 --> 00:14:26,432 The investigation is still probing the data, 210 00:14:26,498 --> 00:14:29,802 hoping to learn more about how the bow reached the bottom. 211 00:14:30,603 --> 00:14:33,272 And the fact that the bow's intact 212 00:14:33,339 --> 00:14:37,710 means that they can also examine the most iconic mystery of the Titanic, 213 00:14:38,277 --> 00:14:39,845 the iceberg impact. 214 00:14:44,216 --> 00:14:47,820 The official 1912 accident report seems to suggest 215 00:14:47,887 --> 00:14:53,559 the iceberg tore a gigantic 300-foot gash in the ship's right-hand side, 216 00:14:53,626 --> 00:14:56,929 ripping open over a third of her entire hull. 217 00:14:58,097 --> 00:15:01,133 However, eyewitness records prove the Titanic 218 00:15:01,200 --> 00:15:04,203 took around two and a half hours to sink. 219 00:15:07,139 --> 00:15:09,041 Investigators are puzzled. 220 00:15:09,108 --> 00:15:13,012 A 300-foot hole would surely have sunk the Titanic 221 00:15:13,078 --> 00:15:14,513 in a matter of minutes. 222 00:15:16,015 --> 00:15:19,652 Oceanic explorer P.H. Nargeolet 223 00:15:19,718 --> 00:15:23,956 has made 30 trips 12,000 feet down to the Titanic. 224 00:15:24,823 --> 00:15:28,294 But he's never seen a 300-foot gash. 225 00:15:30,329 --> 00:15:34,833 We were trying to find where the Titanic hit the iceberg, 226 00:15:34,900 --> 00:15:37,870 why it was like that, why we saw some crack, 227 00:15:37,937 --> 00:15:39,972 why there is a crack here and not here? 228 00:15:41,707 --> 00:15:43,943 NARRATOR: Nargeolet and the team now turn 229 00:15:44,009 --> 00:15:47,980 to the ultra high-resolution photo mosaics of the wreckage 230 00:15:48,047 --> 00:15:50,349 to see what evidence there might be. 231 00:15:54,019 --> 00:15:57,389 This profile view of the bow is stitched together 232 00:15:57,456 --> 00:16:00,459 from over 3,000 individual images. 233 00:16:01,694 --> 00:16:04,296 LANGE: The profile mosaics show Titanic 234 00:16:04,363 --> 00:16:06,799 in a way that people hadn't seen it before. 235 00:16:06,865 --> 00:16:11,337 No one had done a profile view of Titanic's bow 236 00:16:11,904 --> 00:16:14,907 in the 25 years that people had been going to Titanic. 237 00:16:16,475 --> 00:16:20,079 NARRATOR: Here again, even with these pin-sharp images, 238 00:16:20,145 --> 00:16:24,249 they find no sign of anything approaching a 300-foot tear in the hull. 239 00:16:25,184 --> 00:16:28,854 However, when they turn to the video footage, 240 00:16:28,921 --> 00:16:33,926 investigators can see much smaller areas of impact damage. 241 00:16:35,594 --> 00:16:37,963 GALLO: The actual iceberg damage appears to be 242 00:16:38,030 --> 00:16:41,967 confined to maybe a 30-foot length of the bow. 243 00:16:42,034 --> 00:16:45,938 It wasn't like a gash and it wasn't tens of small gashes. 244 00:16:48,741 --> 00:16:51,210 NARRATOR: The size of these gaps in the hull 245 00:16:51,276 --> 00:16:53,946 add up to just 11 square feet. 246 00:16:55,647 --> 00:17:00,686 A breach this size would allow 370 gallons of seawater 247 00:17:00,753 --> 00:17:02,788 to gush in every second. 248 00:17:05,357 --> 00:17:08,961 And when they analyze how quickly this would have sunk the Titanic, 249 00:17:09,728 --> 00:17:12,531 it turns out to be two and a half hours. 250 00:17:13,699 --> 00:17:16,702 Exactly the time the ship actually took to sink. 251 00:17:20,606 --> 00:17:23,609 An enduring mystery is solved. 252 00:17:30,783 --> 00:17:33,118 The investigations further confirmed 253 00:17:33,952 --> 00:17:35,854 that the giant gash is fiction. 254 00:17:36,989 --> 00:17:41,260 And that the iceberg made only small punctures below the waterline 255 00:17:41,994 --> 00:17:45,264 that together were enough to trigger disaster. 256 00:17:47,032 --> 00:17:50,669 But for the team, there's an even bigger question looming 257 00:17:50,736 --> 00:17:52,571 that our new model could shed light on. 258 00:17:53,872 --> 00:17:58,410 When and where did the ship get torn in half? 259 00:18:00,079 --> 00:18:03,382 How did her bow become separated from her stern 260 00:18:03,449 --> 00:18:05,984 by a staggering 2,000 feet? 261 00:18:06,952 --> 00:18:12,558 The answer is here, in broad daylight, on the drained sea floor 262 00:18:13,225 --> 00:18:17,062 in the exposed wreck of the Titanic. 263 00:18:24,069 --> 00:18:27,106 NARRATOR: We're peeling back the Atlantic Ocean, 264 00:18:27,172 --> 00:18:31,076 draining its waters to reveal the wreckage of the Titanic. 265 00:18:33,645 --> 00:18:36,415 This is what the ship looks like today 266 00:18:36,482 --> 00:18:39,651 without two-and-a-half miles of pitch-black ocean 267 00:18:39,718 --> 00:18:41,120 blocking out the sun. 268 00:18:42,855 --> 00:18:46,024 2,000 feet beyond the massive bow section, 269 00:18:46,091 --> 00:18:48,460 in the heart of the debris fields, 270 00:18:48,527 --> 00:18:50,796 lies the dismembered stern, 271 00:18:50,863 --> 00:18:52,498 the back end of the ship. 272 00:18:52,564 --> 00:18:54,600 It's the second largest fragment, 273 00:18:54,666 --> 00:18:57,002 392 feet long. 274 00:19:00,305 --> 00:19:04,643 But it's immediately obvious it's in very different condition to the bow. 275 00:19:09,248 --> 00:19:12,050 The stern is a mess. It looks like it's been ripped up like confetti. 276 00:19:17,356 --> 00:19:19,558 The stern today is pure chaos. 277 00:19:22,427 --> 00:19:26,398 NARRATOR: Some of the stern's huge metal components are still intact, 278 00:19:26,465 --> 00:19:30,302 like the 40-foot-high engines, each the size of a large house. 279 00:19:34,740 --> 00:19:39,344 But our highly detailed model also shows decks collapsing, 280 00:19:39,411 --> 00:19:41,079 as if crushed together. 281 00:19:42,080 --> 00:19:45,651 Heavy steel beams twisted and torn like straws. 282 00:19:47,452 --> 00:19:49,955 GALLO: It's hard to figure out what you're looking at. 283 00:19:50,022 --> 00:19:54,660 To me it almost looks like giant pieces of metal sitting on the sea floor, 284 00:19:54,726 --> 00:19:57,129 but tough to make it out as a piece of a ship. 285 00:19:58,163 --> 00:20:01,033 NARRATOR: Why is it in such bad condition? 286 00:20:01,099 --> 00:20:04,203 Investigators have struggled to fully explain this. 287 00:20:05,971 --> 00:20:09,575 The stern section has its problems in interpretation 288 00:20:09,641 --> 00:20:12,277 because it's so completely broken up. 289 00:20:13,045 --> 00:20:15,380 NARRATOR: But within the model there's a vital clue. 290 00:20:16,114 --> 00:20:19,318 Something that could unlock the stern's violent story. 291 00:20:26,491 --> 00:20:29,027 On the acoustic map you can see that the stern 292 00:20:29,094 --> 00:20:31,196 was turning counter clock. 293 00:20:33,065 --> 00:20:36,468 NARRATOR: It's a massive mark carved into the seabed 294 00:20:36,535 --> 00:20:38,403 when the stern made impact. 295 00:20:41,306 --> 00:20:43,942 Scientists can now read the tracks 296 00:20:44,009 --> 00:20:47,679 and interpret how the stern impacted the sea floor. 297 00:20:49,948 --> 00:20:53,218 NARGEOLET:You can see very well when the stern hit the bottom, 298 00:20:53,285 --> 00:20:54,886 the stern was still turning. 299 00:20:55,420 --> 00:20:58,457 And you can see the bottom of the ship on port side 300 00:20:58,523 --> 00:21:01,493 showing that the stern was turning in same time. 301 00:21:03,061 --> 00:21:05,430 NARRATOR: The marks allow investigators to work out 302 00:21:05,497 --> 00:21:07,099 the speed of impact. 303 00:21:11,470 --> 00:21:14,506 It turns out that the stern was moving through the water 304 00:21:14,573 --> 00:21:16,742 at 50 miles per hour. 305 00:21:18,443 --> 00:21:23,282 Massive forces from chaotically whipping through the ocean at such speed 306 00:21:23,348 --> 00:21:27,152 help explain why the stern is so badly damaged... 307 00:21:32,090 --> 00:21:36,061 while the hydrodynamic bow sliced cleanly through the water 308 00:21:36,528 --> 00:21:38,664 and remained largely intact. 309 00:21:39,431 --> 00:21:42,034 If you have a plane that's damaged in flight, 310 00:21:42,768 --> 00:21:45,537 the air will get under the skin of the plane 311 00:21:45,604 --> 00:21:46,738 and rip pieces off. 312 00:21:47,706 --> 00:21:49,775 NARRATOR: The same thing would likely have happened 313 00:21:49,841 --> 00:21:52,611 with the Titanic's rapidly disintegrating stern. 314 00:21:54,479 --> 00:21:57,282 SAUDER: At first, large chunks came off 315 00:21:57,349 --> 00:22:00,319 and then, once the structure resisted, 316 00:22:00,385 --> 00:22:03,755 small pieces, like confetti, started to fly away. 317 00:22:05,090 --> 00:22:07,926 NARRATOR: Investigators think high-pressure water 318 00:22:07,993 --> 00:22:11,396 may then have found a route into the ship's internal structure, 319 00:22:11,463 --> 00:22:14,066 slamming into its interior walls. 320 00:22:15,267 --> 00:22:18,770 Once the hull is separated from the frames... 321 00:22:19,938 --> 00:22:21,673 water will blast through. 322 00:22:21,740 --> 00:22:23,275 It'll form a ram. 323 00:22:23,342 --> 00:22:28,080 All those interior walls were wooden and they didn't stand a chance. 324 00:22:28,880 --> 00:22:31,750 The water started coming through at full force. 325 00:22:31,817 --> 00:22:33,151 They were pulverized. 326 00:22:35,454 --> 00:22:38,056 NARRATOR: To the team, this is more evidence 327 00:22:38,123 --> 00:22:41,793 for why the stern now looks like a massive car wreck... 328 00:22:43,628 --> 00:22:46,264 while the bow section remains intact. 329 00:22:47,432 --> 00:22:49,968 It's another answer to the mystery. 330 00:22:51,002 --> 00:22:55,974 The investigation has now clarified how the two main sections of the ship 331 00:22:56,041 --> 00:22:57,709 reach the bottom. 332 00:22:57,776 --> 00:23:00,278 It's also shown how they impacted 333 00:23:00,345 --> 00:23:03,115 and why they look so completely different. 334 00:23:04,449 --> 00:23:06,585 But there's still one major question to tackle. 335 00:23:07,452 --> 00:23:11,923 How and when did the Titanic break apart? 336 00:23:22,667 --> 00:23:24,703 NARRATOR: With cutting-edge technology, 337 00:23:24,770 --> 00:23:27,572 we've drained the depths of the Atlantic Ocean... 338 00:23:29,841 --> 00:23:33,512 and exposed the final resting place of the Titanic. 339 00:23:36,681 --> 00:23:39,518 After 100 years of darkness, 340 00:23:39,584 --> 00:23:43,088 her decks once more bask in the warmth of the sun. 341 00:23:44,656 --> 00:23:47,025 Between the bow and stern, 342 00:23:47,092 --> 00:23:51,096 a massive debris field stretches out for hundreds of feet. 343 00:23:52,364 --> 00:23:56,501 For the investigators, it's a view they've never seen before. 344 00:23:57,969 --> 00:24:01,473 Every piece is a potential clue in solving the mystery 345 00:24:01,540 --> 00:24:04,843 of how and why the Titanic broke apart. 346 00:24:06,344 --> 00:24:10,982 For years, the dominant theory has been that she split in two on the surface. 347 00:24:13,785 --> 00:24:16,054 As the sinking bow angled down, 348 00:24:16,521 --> 00:24:18,957 lifting the stern high into the air, 349 00:24:19,024 --> 00:24:21,860 its own unsupported weight became too much. 350 00:24:22,527 --> 00:24:24,629 The ship snapped in half. 351 00:24:36,341 --> 00:24:38,977 But with the ocean now drained away, 352 00:24:39,044 --> 00:24:42,247 new clues are emerging that could challenge that theory. 353 00:24:45,450 --> 00:24:49,821 By looking at the pattern in which the debris fell to the ocean floor, 354 00:24:49,888 --> 00:24:53,325 investigators can retrace the way it fell from the ship. 355 00:24:54,693 --> 00:24:58,263 They'll use this forensic record to get an accurate picture 356 00:24:58,330 --> 00:25:01,833 of how and when the boat tore itself to pieces. 357 00:25:03,101 --> 00:25:06,338 But getting the answer will require a massive effort. 358 00:25:07,639 --> 00:25:10,308 The team must scan all the new underwater data 359 00:25:11,109 --> 00:25:14,312 to ID and tag the position of as many objects as possible... 360 00:25:18,350 --> 00:25:21,953 and build a massive digital map of the artifacts 361 00:25:22,020 --> 00:25:23,421 from the ocean floor. 362 00:25:27,025 --> 00:25:30,896 It includes the positions of the 5,000 or so objects 363 00:25:30,962 --> 00:25:34,065 previous expeditions have recovered from the wreck. 364 00:25:43,041 --> 00:25:44,876 It's a catalog of treasures. 365 00:25:45,644 --> 00:25:48,813 Ornate statues from the ship's grand stairway... 366 00:25:50,115 --> 00:25:53,418 chandeliers that once hung in the first-class smoking room... 367 00:25:55,287 --> 00:25:58,823 the finest crockery from the ship's best restaurant. 368 00:26:01,326 --> 00:26:03,862 There's even one of the Titanic's bronze bells... 369 00:26:07,065 --> 00:26:10,368 and pieces of nautical equipment from the docking bridge. 370 00:26:13,538 --> 00:26:17,075 Every precious object is a critical data point 371 00:26:17,609 --> 00:26:21,913 and could help rewrite the story of how the ship came apart. 372 00:26:24,316 --> 00:26:28,720 The patterns that are emerging from this remapping of the site 373 00:26:28,787 --> 00:26:32,457 don't fit any of the traditional models that were there before. 374 00:26:33,592 --> 00:26:36,561 NARRATOR: The work will take years to complete. 375 00:26:38,063 --> 00:26:42,334 GALLO: There's coffee cups, dinner plates, bits of chandeliers, 376 00:26:42,400 --> 00:26:43,768 deck benches. 377 00:26:43,835 --> 00:26:48,173 It's full of objects from the ship, but also of personal objects as well. 378 00:26:50,942 --> 00:26:55,313 NARRATOR: Each data point on the map is also a story in itself. 379 00:26:56,748 --> 00:27:00,085 A touchstone that reveals a detail of a human life. 380 00:27:01,920 --> 00:27:04,456 [Delgado] These were all real people, who had lives, 381 00:27:04,522 --> 00:27:06,791 who had people who loved them, 382 00:27:07,726 --> 00:27:11,963 families who were impacted by what happened on that night. 383 00:27:13,832 --> 00:27:16,401 NARRATOR: Some artifacts are highly personal. 384 00:27:17,002 --> 00:27:22,173 Delicate jewelry that may once have graced the neck of a society lady. 385 00:27:23,541 --> 00:27:27,245 And perfume bottles with their precious liquid still inside. 386 00:27:32,150 --> 00:27:36,921 It's just a very beautiful, very emotional moment 387 00:27:37,222 --> 00:27:41,226 just to see everything lying there on the ground. 388 00:27:42,994 --> 00:27:45,597 It's a visual story of that tragedy. 389 00:27:47,565 --> 00:27:49,000 NARRATOR: After years of research, 390 00:27:49,067 --> 00:27:53,071 Alex Klingelhofer is now able to tie some of these belongings 391 00:27:53,138 --> 00:27:55,407 to specific named individuals. 392 00:27:58,610 --> 00:28:02,380 This is a pocket watch, an open-face style watch. 393 00:28:02,447 --> 00:28:04,582 This one still has its hands. 394 00:28:04,649 --> 00:28:07,919 It probably stopped when it was immersed in the water. 395 00:28:08,553 --> 00:28:11,022 NARRATOR: The watch came from this spot in a debris field... 396 00:28:12,057 --> 00:28:14,759 1,100 feet southeast of the stern. 397 00:28:17,429 --> 00:28:21,099 KLINGELHOFER:It belonged to Thomas William Solomon Brown. 398 00:28:21,966 --> 00:28:25,070 He was a hotelier from South Africa 399 00:28:25,136 --> 00:28:28,907 and he was headed with his family to make a new start 400 00:28:28,973 --> 00:28:31,342 in the western part of the United States. 401 00:28:32,410 --> 00:28:33,812 He did not survive. 402 00:28:34,779 --> 00:28:37,482 However, his wife and his daughter, Edith, did. 403 00:28:42,554 --> 00:28:46,991 NARRATOR: Other passengers even left behind written traces of their lives 404 00:28:47,058 --> 00:28:50,128 still legible after a century in the water. 405 00:28:52,030 --> 00:28:56,835 A notebook found 780 feet from the stern in the west debris field 406 00:28:57,669 --> 00:28:59,938 belonged to a young third-class passenger, 407 00:29:00,605 --> 00:29:02,407 Edgardo Samuel Andrew. 408 00:29:04,642 --> 00:29:06,377 KLINGELHOFER:He was 17 years old. 409 00:29:06,444 --> 00:29:10,281 When you look at his belongings, you find schoolbooks. 410 00:29:10,348 --> 00:29:13,418 You can still see the writing in here, even though it's quite stained. 411 00:29:13,485 --> 00:29:16,621 He used a pencil and the pencil has remained legible. 412 00:29:18,456 --> 00:29:20,492 Here, on this page, 413 00:29:21,092 --> 00:29:22,827 he's writing his name. 414 00:29:22,894 --> 00:29:26,865 I guess practicing writing his name in the correct way. 415 00:29:27,899 --> 00:29:30,368 You begin to see just this young boy 416 00:29:30,435 --> 00:29:33,772 going third-class by himself to America. 417 00:29:36,241 --> 00:29:39,210 NARRATOR: Edgardo was hoping to make a better life for himself, 418 00:29:39,778 --> 00:29:42,480 like so many immigrants traveling to the new world. 419 00:29:44,716 --> 00:29:48,253 KLINGELHOFER:Unfortunately, Edgardo did not survive the voyage. 420 00:29:48,319 --> 00:29:51,589 That's why this is perhaps such a heartrending object 421 00:29:51,656 --> 00:29:53,992 because it's his last notations. 422 00:29:54,259 --> 00:29:55,894 He's finished with school. 423 00:29:55,960 --> 00:29:58,463 He throws his schoolbooks into this suitcase 424 00:29:58,530 --> 00:30:00,265 and he heads off to America, 425 00:30:00,331 --> 00:30:03,601 and that's the last that we hear of him. 426 00:30:07,739 --> 00:30:10,975 NARRATOR: There are many more objects the team hope to examine further, 427 00:30:11,042 --> 00:30:15,413 some with the potential to flesh out the human face of the tragedy. 428 00:30:17,348 --> 00:30:22,453 Oftentimes history swallows up the ordinary folks. 429 00:30:22,520 --> 00:30:25,757 All of us, we just tend to go away. 430 00:30:27,125 --> 00:30:29,661 Archaeological sites give us an opportunity 431 00:30:29,727 --> 00:30:31,095 to correct that. 432 00:30:32,397 --> 00:30:35,500 NARRATOR: Now the investigation has defined this ghostly place 433 00:30:35,567 --> 00:30:37,368 as an archaeological site, 434 00:30:37,936 --> 00:30:40,238 it will help them protect the Titanic's story 435 00:30:40,305 --> 00:30:41,940 for generations to come. 436 00:30:43,441 --> 00:30:48,646 Each of the priceless artifacts is part of a mosaic of tragic stories, 437 00:30:48,713 --> 00:30:51,816 and together they now form a picture. 438 00:30:52,750 --> 00:30:57,255 The fully mapped debris field is at last ready to give the investigators 439 00:30:57,322 --> 00:31:00,692 the crucial answer they've long been waiting for-- 440 00:31:00,758 --> 00:31:04,729 when and where the Titanic broke apart. 441 00:31:11,269 --> 00:31:15,139 NARRATOR: In the two-and-a-half hours it took the Titanic to sink, 442 00:31:15,206 --> 00:31:19,477 over 700 people made it off the ship and into lifeboats. 443 00:31:22,780 --> 00:31:25,884 Hundreds of these survivors witnessed the sinking. 444 00:31:27,352 --> 00:31:32,357 Yet there's always been disagreement about how and when the ship broke apart. 445 00:31:33,391 --> 00:31:36,361 There are still different theories and arguments 446 00:31:36,427 --> 00:31:40,531 as to how things exactly happened when the ship tore in two. 447 00:31:50,408 --> 00:31:53,912 NARRATOR: Now some investigators think the new data 448 00:31:53,978 --> 00:31:57,582 could prove once and for all what really happened. 449 00:31:57,649 --> 00:32:02,487 In recent years, the dominant theory has been that the breakup occurred 450 00:32:02,553 --> 00:32:05,290 while the Titanic was still on the surface. 451 00:32:05,957 --> 00:32:08,059 We know from eyewitnesses 452 00:32:08,126 --> 00:32:11,529 that the stern tilted up out of the water as she sank. 453 00:32:12,130 --> 00:32:16,100 Some experts have argued this created immense stresses, 454 00:32:16,167 --> 00:32:17,835 tearing the ship in two. 455 00:32:18,937 --> 00:32:22,006 But Bill Lange now thinks otherwise. 456 00:32:22,640 --> 00:32:26,411 According to him, the new data paints a different picture. 457 00:32:28,746 --> 00:32:32,684 On the drained ocean floor are all the clues he needs. 458 00:32:33,985 --> 00:32:35,687 To Bill's trained eye, 459 00:32:35,753 --> 00:32:38,790 there's nothing random about the patterns of the debris field. 460 00:32:38,856 --> 00:32:42,694 Like blood spatters at a crime scene, they tell a story. 461 00:32:44,896 --> 00:32:48,132 Now, flooded in daylight for the first time, 462 00:32:48,199 --> 00:32:50,501 with every last corner of the debris field 463 00:32:50,568 --> 00:32:52,270 scanned and analyzed, 464 00:32:52,337 --> 00:32:55,373 he can work out how the Titanic really sank. 465 00:32:57,608 --> 00:33:00,745 It's going to tell us a lot more about what happened to the ship 466 00:33:00,812 --> 00:33:02,146 after it left the surface... 467 00:33:04,849 --> 00:33:08,186 made this two-and-a-half-mile descent to the sea floor 468 00:33:08,252 --> 00:33:12,457 and hopefully tell us more about what happened to Titanic 469 00:33:12,523 --> 00:33:13,658 during its breakup. 470 00:33:16,127 --> 00:33:18,663 NARRATOR: For Bill, there's a key piece of evidence 471 00:33:18,730 --> 00:33:21,299 visible for the first time in the new images 472 00:33:21,366 --> 00:33:23,368 of the exposed ocean floor. 473 00:33:24,869 --> 00:33:28,306 It's the overall scale of the debris field. 474 00:33:30,575 --> 00:33:33,211 The new survey definitively maps the site. 475 00:33:33,911 --> 00:33:38,549 And for the first time, investigators can now see its precise dimensions. 476 00:33:42,120 --> 00:33:44,689 They're not quite the size they expected. 477 00:33:48,926 --> 00:33:53,498 I think the site really isn't that big when you consider the size of the ship. 478 00:33:53,564 --> 00:33:56,801 I mean, you've got an almost 1,000-foot-long ship 479 00:33:57,402 --> 00:33:59,003 that's in two square miles. 480 00:34:01,005 --> 00:34:03,708 NARRATOR: If the ship had fully separated on the surface, 481 00:34:04,242 --> 00:34:06,911 Bill thinks there'd be a much larger scatter area. 482 00:34:08,746 --> 00:34:11,783 LANGE: Considering that it fell a few miles through a water column, 483 00:34:11,849 --> 00:34:15,453 I think that the scattering of artifacts is rather small. 484 00:34:16,587 --> 00:34:18,823 NARRATOR: The lower in the water the separation, 485 00:34:19,390 --> 00:34:22,860 the less distance for debris to spread out as it falls 486 00:34:22,927 --> 00:34:26,731 and the more compact the pattern on the ocean floor. 487 00:34:28,299 --> 00:34:30,134 It's a straightforward argument. 488 00:34:30,201 --> 00:34:32,937 And for Bill, it's evidence the ship separated 489 00:34:33,004 --> 00:34:36,307 much deeper in the water than previously thought. 490 00:34:38,309 --> 00:34:42,080 That's the only way he can explain the small scatter pattern. 491 00:34:45,550 --> 00:34:48,453 One of the most important things, I think, that's come out of this 492 00:34:48,519 --> 00:34:51,322 is that the ship may not have broken up 493 00:34:51,389 --> 00:34:55,293 as fast and as shallow as what was originally thought. 494 00:34:56,928 --> 00:34:59,564 NARRATOR: And when the theory is checked against eyewitness accounts, 495 00:35:00,231 --> 00:35:01,532 there's more evidence. 496 00:35:03,601 --> 00:35:06,404 The survivors' best position to see any breakup 497 00:35:07,138 --> 00:35:09,740 were three men on the aft boat deck. 498 00:35:09,807 --> 00:35:13,411 Their statements recall the funnels falling away from the ship... 499 00:35:14,779 --> 00:35:17,381 but no large-scale disintegration... 500 00:35:18,416 --> 00:35:21,085 and certainly no snapping in two. 501 00:35:23,688 --> 00:35:25,890 Bill and his colleagues around the country 502 00:35:25,957 --> 00:35:29,494 have much more work to do before they arrive at final proof. 503 00:35:31,996 --> 00:35:33,464 But in their view, 504 00:35:33,531 --> 00:35:36,567 there's simply no other way to explain the evidence. 505 00:35:38,336 --> 00:35:41,372 To them, one thing is beyond doubt. 506 00:35:41,439 --> 00:35:45,143 The Titanic did not separate anywhere near the surface. 507 00:35:49,147 --> 00:35:54,018 With powerful new theories, the investigation is beginning to pay off. 508 00:35:55,253 --> 00:36:00,258 The mountain of data from the expedition has allowed us to drain the ocean 509 00:36:00,324 --> 00:36:03,995 and create a new view where we can spot clues 510 00:36:04,061 --> 00:36:05,630 others may have missed. 511 00:36:08,332 --> 00:36:10,501 All the key events of the disaster 512 00:36:10,568 --> 00:36:13,371 left traces on the wreckage or on the seabed. 513 00:36:14,005 --> 00:36:16,107 And they're here for us to see. 514 00:36:17,141 --> 00:36:20,978 Clues that are bringing the final mysteries of the Titanic 515 00:36:21,045 --> 00:36:22,680 into crisp focus. 516 00:36:25,316 --> 00:36:28,452 But while investigators now have a sharper understanding 517 00:36:28,519 --> 00:36:29,987 of the history of the wreck, 518 00:36:30,655 --> 00:36:33,724 there's one key mystery they still hope to unravel. 519 00:36:34,859 --> 00:36:38,462 What will happen to the Titanic in the future? 520 00:36:48,406 --> 00:36:52,743 NARRATOR: This is the exposed Titanic as she looks today, 521 00:36:52,810 --> 00:36:55,947 after a century of decay in the dark depths. 522 00:36:58,516 --> 00:37:01,118 In the 30 years since she was found, 523 00:37:01,185 --> 00:37:03,821 no one's been able to see her quite like this. 524 00:37:06,023 --> 00:37:08,693 As Titanic investigators study the model, 525 00:37:08,759 --> 00:37:11,462 expedition data, and video, 526 00:37:12,096 --> 00:37:16,601 it's becoming ever clearer that month-by-month, 527 00:37:16,667 --> 00:37:17,768 year-by-year... 528 00:37:19,403 --> 00:37:21,305 the ship is disappearing. 529 00:37:22,440 --> 00:37:25,876 And it's happening faster than some experts expected. 530 00:37:28,613 --> 00:37:32,116 P.H. Nargeolet has been going to the wreck for three decades... 531 00:37:33,684 --> 00:37:36,087 and he's seen a big change over time. 532 00:37:37,488 --> 00:37:44,428 The distance between the A deck and the B deck was easily ten feet. 533 00:37:44,495 --> 00:37:46,564 Now it's five, six feet, 534 00:37:46,631 --> 00:37:50,735 and, step-by-step, the deterioration is going close to the bridge. 535 00:37:53,771 --> 00:37:57,208 Soon all the decks will collapse on each other 536 00:37:57,275 --> 00:37:59,910 and everything inside will be lost forever. 537 00:38:00,611 --> 00:38:04,348 NARRATOR: Investigators want to know why it's happening so fast. 538 00:38:05,016 --> 00:38:08,452 At these depths, there's very little oxygen in the water 539 00:38:08,519 --> 00:38:11,455 so metal should rust extremely slowly. 540 00:38:12,256 --> 00:38:14,091 Yet on the expedition footage, 541 00:38:14,158 --> 00:38:18,396 they can clearly see the ship caked in weird formations 542 00:38:18,462 --> 00:38:21,098 that certainly look like some kind of rust. 543 00:38:22,033 --> 00:38:24,835 They call them "rusticles." 544 00:38:24,902 --> 00:38:28,739 LORI JOHNSTON: I was absolutely stunned by the size, the colors. 545 00:38:28,806 --> 00:38:32,476 They're very orange and brown and, yet, when you're close to them, 546 00:38:32,543 --> 00:38:35,446 there are greens and purples and reds and yellows 547 00:38:35,513 --> 00:38:37,415 and every color of the rainbow. 548 00:38:37,481 --> 00:38:41,018 NARRATOR: In the lab, they X-ray pieces of rusticle 549 00:38:41,085 --> 00:38:42,186 recovered from the ship. 550 00:38:43,020 --> 00:38:46,991 What they find inside isn't what might be expected. 551 00:38:47,525 --> 00:38:49,593 This is no ordinary rust. 552 00:38:49,660 --> 00:38:53,097 The structure inside this hard-looking shell 553 00:38:53,164 --> 00:38:54,932 is extremely fragile. 554 00:38:57,902 --> 00:39:00,938 They're filled with millions of ducts and tunnels 555 00:39:01,005 --> 00:39:05,309 and passageways and all of these little cavities, 556 00:39:05,376 --> 00:39:08,479 and all sorts of nutrients are stored in there. 557 00:39:10,881 --> 00:39:12,917 NARRATOR: For the microbiologists on the team, 558 00:39:12,983 --> 00:39:13,984 it's crystal clear. 559 00:39:14,919 --> 00:39:18,589 The rusticles are formed by living organisms. 560 00:39:20,624 --> 00:39:22,326 And when they run further tests, 561 00:39:22,927 --> 00:39:25,563 there's no doubting what these organisms are-- 562 00:39:26,430 --> 00:39:27,498 bacteria. 563 00:39:28,632 --> 00:39:31,736 We found five different communities of bacteria 564 00:39:31,802 --> 00:39:33,537 living inside a rusticle, 565 00:39:33,604 --> 00:39:37,208 and then you've got another community living on the outside. 566 00:39:37,608 --> 00:39:41,712 Makes them a very complex little beast. 567 00:39:43,214 --> 00:39:45,883 NARRATOR: They figure out that some of these little beasts 568 00:39:45,950 --> 00:39:48,552 are anaerobic bacteria. 569 00:39:48,619 --> 00:39:50,755 Life-forms that don't need oxygen to survive. 570 00:39:51,322 --> 00:39:53,224 Instead, for their energy supply, 571 00:39:53,290 --> 00:39:56,694 they extract iron and minerals from the ship's metalwork. 572 00:39:59,096 --> 00:40:02,299 Like a swarm of microscopic piranhas, 573 00:40:02,366 --> 00:40:05,770 billions upon billions of them are feeding on the wreck. 574 00:40:11,142 --> 00:40:16,914 The impact of the rusticles on this extremely large ship is overwhelming. 575 00:40:18,616 --> 00:40:21,085 NARRATOR: By studying these tiny creatures, 576 00:40:21,152 --> 00:40:24,221 the microbiologists can now confidently lay down 577 00:40:24,288 --> 00:40:28,025 a time frame for the Titanic's final destruction. 578 00:40:28,092 --> 00:40:30,060 JOHNSTON: If we went back 500 years, 579 00:40:30,127 --> 00:40:34,732 Titanic would look fairly similar to what the bow section looks right now 580 00:40:34,799 --> 00:40:36,834 as far as the hull would be. 581 00:40:36,901 --> 00:40:41,839 It would still be a very U-shape, very formal-looking docked ship. 582 00:40:41,906 --> 00:40:46,210 However, I would expect the deterioration to move from the back to the front 583 00:40:46,277 --> 00:40:50,848 so that a lot of the promenade and deck would have fallen onto itself. 584 00:40:51,949 --> 00:40:55,753 If we were to revisit Titanic in a thousand years, 585 00:40:55,820 --> 00:41:00,090 I would not be able to tell, sort of, the size 586 00:41:00,157 --> 00:41:03,060 of the magnificent ship that she is today. 587 00:41:05,629 --> 00:41:08,265 I would expect that all of the decking would be gone 588 00:41:08,332 --> 00:41:12,636 and the bow would be filled with what would look like 589 00:41:12,703 --> 00:41:14,238 sort of piles of rust. 590 00:41:16,874 --> 00:41:18,909 If you revisited the stern section, 591 00:41:18,976 --> 00:41:21,378 you would see that the deterioration 592 00:41:21,445 --> 00:41:23,113 had greatly increased, 593 00:41:23,180 --> 00:41:27,551 simply because the damage that section had sustained during the sinking. 594 00:41:28,986 --> 00:41:31,722 The bacteria would have taken girders 595 00:41:31,789 --> 00:41:35,292 and basically had encrusted them in rusticles 596 00:41:35,359 --> 00:41:37,061 and deteriorated them to the point 597 00:41:37,127 --> 00:41:39,964 of being a pile of iron ore at the bottom of the sea floor. 598 00:41:42,099 --> 00:41:44,902 NARRATOR: Long before that, the Titanic's custodians 599 00:41:44,969 --> 00:41:47,037 will have to make some tough decisions. 600 00:41:50,541 --> 00:41:51,809 What do we do? 601 00:41:51,876 --> 00:41:57,481 Do we stand by and allow the bow section to collapse upon itself? 602 00:41:58,282 --> 00:42:04,021 Or, in the future, do we actually design some projects 603 00:42:04,088 --> 00:42:09,226 for recovery of certain types of artifacts 604 00:42:09,293 --> 00:42:11,061 from the bow section? 605 00:42:11,862 --> 00:42:14,698 NARRATOR: But any suggestion of bringing up more artifacts 606 00:42:14,765 --> 00:42:16,066 is controversial. 607 00:42:17,701 --> 00:42:20,170 For some descendants of those who lost their lives, 608 00:42:20,237 --> 00:42:23,674 this is a grave site and should be left alone. 609 00:42:25,509 --> 00:42:28,479 Initially, Dave Gallo agreed. 610 00:42:28,546 --> 00:42:30,915 But since the objects have been put on display, 611 00:42:30,981 --> 00:42:32,049 he's less sure. 612 00:42:33,250 --> 00:42:35,719 GALLO: We went to see the Titanic exhibit 613 00:42:36,453 --> 00:42:41,659 and I realized then what a powerful storytelling method it was 614 00:42:41,725 --> 00:42:46,330 to have some of those artifacts with you so you could show someone. 615 00:42:47,631 --> 00:42:52,636 NARGEOLET:For me, the artifacts are the historical memory of the ship. 616 00:42:53,704 --> 00:42:56,440 We can leave everything on the bottom of the ocean forever 617 00:42:56,507 --> 00:42:57,808 and it will be lost. 618 00:43:00,210 --> 00:43:02,947 NARRATOR: However badly the Titanic deteriorates, 619 00:43:03,013 --> 00:43:04,682 one thing's for certain. 620 00:43:04,748 --> 00:43:10,154 Thanks to the new science, much of the ship can never now be lost. 621 00:43:12,790 --> 00:43:16,293 The edge of the site's been defined for the first time, 622 00:43:16,360 --> 00:43:19,163 so its archaeology can be protected. 623 00:43:20,331 --> 00:43:23,167 Every inch of the wreck inside the perimeter 624 00:43:23,233 --> 00:43:25,869 has been scanned and analyzed. 625 00:43:27,404 --> 00:43:31,375 Every known artifact logged, mapped, and captured 626 00:43:31,442 --> 00:43:35,813 in this digital duplicate world that will never erode. 627 00:43:38,816 --> 00:43:40,551 Frozen in time, 628 00:43:40,618 --> 00:43:43,954 we can see and study the wreck like never before. 629 00:43:47,358 --> 00:43:49,059 In broad daylight, 630 00:43:49,126 --> 00:43:52,863 explorers, now and in the future, 631 00:43:52,930 --> 00:43:58,869 can continue their investigation here on the drained ocean floor 632 00:43:59,837 --> 00:44:02,840 where the Titanic rests. 633 00:44:05,676 --> 00:44:06,644 [metal creaking] 634 00:44:06,710 --> 00:44:08,712 Captioned by Pixel Logic Media 53832

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