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CHARLIE: Hey, guys! Charlie
here, you know my sister, Kirby.
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KIRBY: Hey guys!
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Did you know a lightning bolt
has enough electricity to
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00:00:06,406 --> 00:00:08,066
toast 100,000 pieces of bread?
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00:00:08,141 --> 00:00:09,611
CHARLIE (off-screen):
Or that platypuses can
sense electricity
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00:00:09,676 --> 00:00:11,136
with their bills?
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00:00:11,211 --> 00:00:12,481
KIRBY: It's time
for Weird But True!
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CHARLIE: It's time
for Weird But True!
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(theme music plays).
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Kirb! Let's go for a bike ride!
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KIRBY: Mm, no thanks.
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00:00:39,639 --> 00:00:41,069
I think I'm just
gonna craft for now.
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CHARLIE: Ahh! C'mon!
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I have so much extra energy.
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We've been crafting
inside all day.
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Hey guys.
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KIRBY: Hey!
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CHARLIE: I'm glad you're here.
Because Kirby's being a loaf.
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KIRBY: I'm not being a loaf!
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WOMAN (over radio):Breaking news!
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Storms on the way!
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Flash floods and downpours!
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Ahh!
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CHARLIE: I'll
get the lanterns.
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KIRBY: Every time
a storm rolls in.
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(thunder)
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CHARLIE (off-screen): No!
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KIRBY (off-screen):
We lose power.
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CHARLIE: This is the worst!
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All I wanna do is
go for a bike ride.
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KIRBY: All I wanna do
is use my hot glue gun!
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What are we gonna do?
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CHARLIE: The only
thing we can do, Kirb.
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We gotta find a solution
to our power problem.
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We gotta figure out how to get
the lights back on and make
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sure they stay on the next
time a storm rolls around.
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So, today we're
unraveling the world of.
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KIRBY (off-screen): Electricity!
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CHARLIE (off-screen):
Electricity!
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KIRBY: Ok. Electricity.
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CHARLIE: Electricity.
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And the lights are back on!
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WOMAN (over radio): Abreak in the weather?
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Stay tuned!
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KIRBY: For now. But there's
another storm coming.
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CHARLIE: Kirb, I can't
handle another blackout.
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We gotta find a way
to keep the lights on!
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KIRBY: So, I guess we
should start with
electricity's history.
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CHARLIE: No, we should
start with the science.
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KIRBY: I think we should
start with history.
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CHARLIE: We usually do science
and it usually works out
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pretty well, Kirb.
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00:02:01,254 --> 00:02:02,494
KIRBY: You think you
know everything, Charles?
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CHARLIE: I think I know little
about a lot of things, Kirb.
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KIRBY: Oh yeah?
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CHARLIE: Yeah,
did you know this?
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Not many people talk
about it, but electricity
was never invented.
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It's always existed in nature.
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KIRBY: What?
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CHARLIE: You've never been
to South America have you?
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KIRBY: No, why?
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CHARLIE: Well, there's this
place called Venezuela.
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Where they have this
thing called the
"Everlasting Storm."
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KIRBY: Whoa.
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(thunder)
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CHARLIE (off-screen): It's a
crazy intense thunderstorm
that's happened
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almost every night
for over 100 years.
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Thunder rolls through
the sky and lightning
strikes 15,000 times.
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Almost. Every.
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Single. Night!
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Ooh!
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KIRBY: Well you
think that's good?
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There's this thing
called an electric eel.
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KIRBY (off-screen): They
produce huge electric shocks
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to defend themselves, that's
five times the voltage in a
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standard wall socket.
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It can shock a horse
straight off its feet!
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CHARLIE: Ah! Really?
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KIRBY: Really.
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CHARLIE: Wow. Well you've heard
of an elephant, right?
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KIRBY: Yeah, why?
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CHARLIE: Well there's
this thing called the
elephant-nose fish.
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KIRBY: No.
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CHARLIE (off-screen): It's
this fish that can find its
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way around murky waters by
generating an electrical field
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with its tail and sensing
disturbances with a special
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nose-looking body part that's
actually a chin called
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a schnauzenorgan!
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KIRBY: A what?
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CHARLIE: A schnauzenorgan.
KIRBY: A schnauzer.
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CHARLIE: An organ.
So animals use electricity.
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KIRBY: And humans
were eventually able
to do the same.
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CHARLIE: But they didn't
invent it, they discovered it.
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00:03:54,234 --> 00:03:56,604
And it wasn't Ben
Franklin or Thomas Edison.
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They came much later.
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KIRBY: It was actually this
guy, Thales of Miletus,
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a Greek philosopher.
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CHARLIE: You son of a gun.
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KIRBY: I am the
queen of transitions!
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CHARLIE: Ugh, fine,
we'll start with history.
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KIRBY: To the craft zone!
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KIRBY (off-screen):
So this guy,
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Thales of Miletus discovered
that when he rubbed a piece of
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amber with a piece of fur.
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It was attracted to super
light things like feathers.
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He discovered
static electricity.
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CHARLIE (off-screen): It took
2,000 years before scientists
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discovered more things
about electricity.
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KIRBY (off-screen): In 1600,
William Gilbert first used the
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word "electricity."
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CHARLIE (off-screen): In 1752,
Benjamin Franklin invented
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the lightning rod.
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KIRBY (off-screen): In 1800,
Alessandro Volta invented the
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first electric battery.
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00:04:42,715 --> 00:04:47,645
And in 1821, Michael
Faraday paved the way for
the electric motor.
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CHARLIE: And then came
the true father of
modern electricity.
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Nikola Tesla.
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KIRBY: Thomas Edison.
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You mean Thomas Edison.
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CHARLIE: I think you're
mispronouncing it, Kirb.
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It's ok, cause it's Serbian.
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It's like Tes-la.
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KIRBY: Edison!
CHARLIE: Tesla!
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KIRBY: It's Edison!
CHARLIE: Tesla!
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KIRBY: Edison!
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Hi! I'm Thomas Edison!
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The father of
modern electricity!
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I brought the people out of
darkness with the lightbulb!
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00:05:16,249 --> 00:05:20,289
CHARLIE: I'm Nikola Tesla,
the true father of modern
electricity!
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00:05:20,353 --> 00:05:23,063
Hate to break it to you bud,
but your "lightbulb" wasn't
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even the first "lightbulb."
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Cities and factories were
already lit with a different
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type of electric light.
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00:05:29,295 --> 00:05:31,955
This, the arc lamp.
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00:05:32,031 --> 00:05:34,571
Yours was uh just
a bit cheaper.
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00:05:34,634 --> 00:05:37,544
KIRBY: How dare you!
CHARLIE: How dare you!
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KIRBY (off-screen):
Here's the story.
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Edison invented the lightbulb
and provided a cheap way for
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00:05:42,909 --> 00:05:44,139
people to light their homes.
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00:05:44,210 --> 00:05:45,280
It was a big deal.
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00:05:45,345 --> 00:05:46,505
This is a big deal.
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KIRBY (off-screen):
So, he established the
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00:05:48,481 --> 00:05:49,721
Edison Illuminating Company.
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00:05:49,782 --> 00:05:52,422
We'll send power to people's
homes and light them up!
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All using my system:
the direct current.
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KIRBY (off-screen):
AKA DC current.
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Things were going great.
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Until Tesla arrived on the
scene as Edison's assistant.
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00:06:01,794 --> 00:06:03,534
And he had an idea.
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00:06:03,596 --> 00:06:06,566
CHARLIE: I've got an idea for
a new type of current that can
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00:06:06,632 --> 00:06:09,072
travel even further
than direct current.
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00:06:09,135 --> 00:06:11,865
It's called
alternating current.
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00:06:11,938 --> 00:06:13,938
KIRBY (off-screen):
AKA AC current.
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Edison hated the idea.
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I hate this idea.
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CHARLIE (off-screen):
But other people didn't,
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the people with all the money.
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00:06:19,612 --> 00:06:22,482
CASEY: Hey there, cowboy, I
love your idea and I got like
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a bajillion dollars.
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00:06:24,984 --> 00:06:26,754
You want to ride this pony?
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CHARLIE (off-screen):
So they did.
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The world's fair in Chicago
used alternating current.
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00:06:33,760 --> 00:06:36,460
The first hydroelectric
plant at Niagara Falls used
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00:06:36,529 --> 00:06:37,729
alternating current.
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It was all the rage!
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Edison was upset, fewer
and fewer people were
using his DC current.
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He got angry and did
some crazy things.
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00:06:45,338 --> 00:06:47,168
Like campaign
against AC current.
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00:06:47,240 --> 00:06:49,680
KIRBY: DC current's forever!
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AC current stinks!
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CHARLIE (off-screen): Things
got a little out of hand.
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Soon Edison was forced
out of his company,
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which adopted AC current too.
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00:06:56,983 --> 00:07:00,993
Today, alternating current
is used to power most things.
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00:07:01,053 --> 00:07:04,163
Anything you plug into
your wall uses AC current.
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00:07:04,223 --> 00:07:06,263
KIRBY (off-screen): But some
things like computers and
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00:07:06,325 --> 00:07:09,695
electric vehicles use direct
current, with converters.
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CHARLIE: So I guess the
title of the father of modern
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electricity is
still up in the air.
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00:07:15,067 --> 00:07:16,297
KIRBY: Yeah.
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00:07:16,369 --> 00:07:18,139
But I mean I think the bigger
question is we don't really
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00:07:18,204 --> 00:07:19,814
know what electricity is.
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00:07:19,872 --> 00:07:22,982
CHARLIE: Ohh, so
now you wanna go over
the science, Kirb?
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00:07:23,042 --> 00:07:24,042
KIRBY: Sure.
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00:07:24,110 --> 00:07:26,480
CHARLIE: Ok, so
what is electricity?
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00:07:26,546 --> 00:07:27,946
KIRBY: Magic.
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CHARLIE: I mean,
what's it made out of?
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KIRBY: Magic.
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00:07:30,650 --> 00:07:33,620
CHARLIE: C'mon, Kirb, it's
made out of electrons.
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00:07:34,854 --> 00:07:36,224
CHARLIE (off-screen):
Electrons are tiny particles
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00:07:36,289 --> 00:07:40,329
in atoms that orbit around
the nucleus, this part.
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00:07:40,393 --> 00:07:42,663
When electrons move, through
a metal wire or something
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00:07:42,728 --> 00:07:44,928
similar, that's called
an electric current.
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00:07:44,997 --> 00:07:47,667
When the wire makes a loop,
it's called a circuit.
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00:07:47,733 --> 00:07:50,243
Electrons need a
complete loop to flow.
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00:07:51,003 --> 00:07:52,073
So what do you think, Kirb?
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00:07:52,138 --> 00:07:53,838
We just kind of like
smash into these walls,
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00:07:53,906 --> 00:07:56,036
check out those wires,
try to find the problem?
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00:07:56,108 --> 00:07:57,738
KIRBY: Yeah, that's
not a good idea.
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00:07:57,810 --> 00:07:58,880
CHARLIE: How come?
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00:07:58,945 --> 00:08:00,575
KIRBY: Charles, this
stuff is dangerous.
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00:08:00,646 --> 00:08:02,276
I feel like we have
to go somewhere else,
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00:08:02,348 --> 00:08:05,788
learn a bit more before
we address the HQ issue.
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00:08:08,855 --> 00:08:10,185
CHARLIE: We gotta
figure this out quick.
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00:08:10,256 --> 00:08:11,386
Have a place in mind?
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00:08:11,457 --> 00:08:13,787
KIRBY: Yeah. The Franklin
Institute in Pennsylvania.
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00:08:13,860 --> 00:08:16,230
They have a whole part of
their museum that's dedicated
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00:08:16,295 --> 00:08:17,595
to electricity.
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00:08:17,663 --> 00:08:18,873
(radio static)
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00:08:18,931 --> 00:08:20,201
WOMAN (over radio):More storms coming!
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00:08:20,266 --> 00:08:21,466
CHARLIE: Seems like
it's now or never!
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00:08:21,534 --> 00:08:22,544
Let's roll!
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00:08:24,770 --> 00:08:27,610
CHARLIE (off-screen):
We're off to Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania.
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00:08:27,673 --> 00:08:31,283
Home of the US Treasury Mint
and former home to a guru of
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00:08:31,344 --> 00:08:33,384
electricity, Ben Franklin!
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00:08:34,714 --> 00:08:35,754
KIRBY (off-screen):
Weird but true.
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00:08:44,156 --> 00:08:45,956
CHARLIE: Ladies and gentlemen,
we've traveled all the way to
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00:08:46,025 --> 00:08:48,755
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
to introduce this next guest.
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00:08:48,828 --> 00:08:51,028
KIRBY: You may know him as the
inventor of the bifocals or
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00:08:51,097 --> 00:08:52,867
for being on the $100 bill.
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00:08:52,932 --> 00:08:54,302
CHARLIE: The one.
KIRBY: The only.
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00:08:54,367 --> 00:08:56,897
CHARLIE: Ben Franklin!
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00:08:56,969 --> 00:08:58,699
How you doing there, Big Ben?
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00:08:58,771 --> 00:09:01,141
KIRBY: It's just
a statue, Charl.
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00:09:01,207 --> 00:09:03,937
CHARLIE: True. We traveled all
this way to visit this museum.
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00:09:04,010 --> 00:09:06,010
CHARLIE (off-screen): This is
the Franklin Institute,
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00:09:06,078 --> 00:09:08,008
where we can learn about
Benjamin Franklin and all of
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00:09:08,080 --> 00:09:09,780
his research
about electricity.
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00:09:09,849 --> 00:09:10,949
KIRBY: Looks pretty sweet!
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00:09:11,017 --> 00:09:12,217
Let's go check it out!
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00:09:12,652 --> 00:09:14,422
KIRBY (off-screen): Susannah
Carroll is a curator and helps
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00:09:14,487 --> 00:09:16,757
care for their Ben
Franklin collection.
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00:09:16,822 --> 00:09:19,432
SUSANNAH: Weird but true,
Benjamin Franklin was an avid
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00:09:19,492 --> 00:09:22,402
swimmer, and invented
the swim fins.
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00:09:22,962 --> 00:09:24,202
CHARLIE: Hey Susannah,
it's so nice to meet you.
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00:09:24,263 --> 00:09:25,433
SUSANNAH: Hi, nice to
meet you too Charlie.
237
00:09:25,498 --> 00:09:26,428
KIRBY: Hi I'm Kirby.
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00:09:26,499 --> 00:09:27,529
SUSANNAH: Hi, Kirby.
239
00:09:27,600 --> 00:09:28,730
CHARLIE: Here's the situation.
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00:09:28,801 --> 00:09:29,971
Back at headquarters,
the lights went out,
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00:09:30,036 --> 00:09:32,366
and we're not exactly sure
how to get them back on.
242
00:09:32,438 --> 00:09:35,108
So we're here to learn
everything we can
about electricity.
243
00:09:35,174 --> 00:09:37,884
Apparently, Ben Franklin
is like the guy when it
comes to electricity.
244
00:09:37,944 --> 00:09:39,154
Right?
245
00:09:39,211 --> 00:09:40,581
SUSANNAH: He is the guy.
246
00:09:40,646 --> 00:09:43,146
CHARLIE: At the time,
were people using
electricity for anything?
247
00:09:43,215 --> 00:09:45,045
SUSANNAH: Yeah, there
was some experimentation,
248
00:09:45,117 --> 00:09:48,087
Franklin actually saw some
experiments in Boston that
249
00:09:48,154 --> 00:09:51,164
really got him excited and
created his own lab so that he
250
00:09:51,223 --> 00:09:53,163
could test all his theories.
251
00:09:53,225 --> 00:09:55,155
And Franklin actually
developed some of the
252
00:09:55,227 --> 00:09:58,927
vocabulary: charge, positive,
and negative that we use today
253
00:09:58,998 --> 00:10:00,868
when talking
about electricity.
254
00:10:00,933 --> 00:10:02,303
CHARLIE: That was him?
SUSANNAH: That was him.
255
00:10:02,368 --> 00:10:04,638
CHARLIE (off-screen): Benjamin
Franklin was always curious.
256
00:10:04,704 --> 00:10:06,144
And innovative.
257
00:10:06,205 --> 00:10:09,875
He decided that lightning
might be the same thing
as electricity.
258
00:10:09,942 --> 00:10:12,452
To prove it, he needed
something to get close to the
259
00:10:12,511 --> 00:10:14,551
clouds and attract
the lightning.
260
00:10:14,614 --> 00:10:19,494
By tying an iron key to a
kite string during a storm,
261
00:10:19,552 --> 00:10:22,122
he was able to identify
the electrical charge.
262
00:10:24,323 --> 00:10:26,733
SUSANNAH: This is one of the
earliest known examples of
263
00:10:26,792 --> 00:10:28,262
Franklin's lightning rod.
264
00:10:28,327 --> 00:10:30,127
CHARLIE: This is something
that he invented, right?
265
00:10:30,196 --> 00:10:31,226
SUSANNAH: Yes, yes.
266
00:10:31,297 --> 00:10:32,467
CHARLIE: So, like before
Benjamin Franklin,
267
00:10:32,531 --> 00:10:33,631
there were no lightning rods.
268
00:10:33,699 --> 00:10:34,869
SUSANNAH: That's right.
269
00:10:34,934 --> 00:10:35,874
CHARLIE: And now, they're on
skyscrapers and buildings
270
00:10:35,935 --> 00:10:37,095
all over the place.
271
00:10:37,169 --> 00:10:38,439
SUSANNAH: Mhm, yep, the
lightning rod would be on the
272
00:10:38,504 --> 00:10:41,674
top of a house, it would pull
the lightning from the sky and
273
00:10:41,741 --> 00:10:43,411
draw it all the way
down into the ground.
274
00:10:43,476 --> 00:10:45,036
And that's why we
call it grounded,
275
00:10:45,111 --> 00:10:46,951
because then it wouldn't
shock anyone else or
catch a house on fire.
276
00:10:47,013 --> 00:10:48,113
CHARLIE (off-screen): Wow.
277
00:10:48,180 --> 00:10:49,580
KIRBY (off-screen): Wow.
278
00:10:49,649 --> 00:10:51,679
SUSANNAH (off-screen): It's
made out of a metal, iron,
279
00:10:51,751 --> 00:10:53,221
which is a conductive metal.
280
00:10:53,285 --> 00:10:55,245
CHARLIE: All right guys,
conductive materials,
281
00:10:55,321 --> 00:10:56,721
or conductors.
282
00:10:56,789 --> 00:10:58,789
CHARLIE (off-screen):
That's a word you hear a
lot when talking about
283
00:10:58,858 --> 00:11:02,158
electricity, so let's
look into it just a
bit more closely.
284
00:11:03,229 --> 00:11:04,299
CHARLIE (off-screen):
Materials are either
285
00:11:04,363 --> 00:11:05,873
insulators or conductors.
286
00:11:05,931 --> 00:11:08,671
Electric currents can
flow through conductors,
287
00:11:08,734 --> 00:11:11,604
but they can't easily
flow through insulators.
288
00:11:12,438 --> 00:11:14,438
It all has to do
with their electrons.
289
00:11:14,507 --> 00:11:17,907
In insulators, the electrons
are relatively fixed near
290
00:11:17,977 --> 00:11:20,377
their atom's nucleus.
291
00:11:20,446 --> 00:11:23,176
But in conductors, there's
a sea of electrons,
292
00:11:23,249 --> 00:11:25,319
that can flow throughout
the whole thing,
293
00:11:25,384 --> 00:11:27,524
shared by all of the atoms.
294
00:11:27,586 --> 00:11:31,786
Things like wood, glass, and
rubber are all insulators.
295
00:11:31,857 --> 00:11:34,527
Electricity cannot
easily flow through them.
296
00:11:34,593 --> 00:11:38,303
Metals like copper, silver,
and aluminum are conductors.
297
00:11:38,364 --> 00:11:41,204
Electricity can easily
flow through them.
298
00:11:41,267 --> 00:11:42,227
Cool, cool.
299
00:11:42,301 --> 00:11:43,501
Back to the museum!
300
00:11:44,103 --> 00:11:45,243
We're moving on to the
big boy right here?
301
00:11:45,304 --> 00:11:46,314
SUSANNAH: Yeah.
302
00:11:46,372 --> 00:11:47,512
You would see
something like this,
303
00:11:47,573 --> 00:11:49,683
a generator in different labs.
304
00:11:49,742 --> 00:11:52,082
And this would create an
electric shock that you could
305
00:11:52,144 --> 00:11:55,154
wrangle and then use to
make something power,
306
00:11:55,214 --> 00:11:56,524
or something go, but.
307
00:11:56,582 --> 00:11:58,582
KIRBY: You could
capture an electric
shock from this thing?
308
00:11:58,651 --> 00:11:59,651
SUSANNAH (off-screen): Mhm.
309
00:11:59,719 --> 00:12:00,789
KIRBY (off-screen):
That's wild.
310
00:12:00,853 --> 00:12:02,053
SUSANNAH: You can make it.
And capture it.
311
00:12:02,121 --> 00:12:03,291
And hold it.
312
00:12:03,355 --> 00:12:04,585
CHARLIE (off-screen): So this is
kind of like a generator,
313
00:12:04,657 --> 00:12:06,527
like an early generator that
could create the electricity.
314
00:12:06,592 --> 00:12:07,692
SUSANNAH (off-screen): Right.
315
00:12:07,760 --> 00:12:09,060
CHARLIE (off-screen):
Wow so, Ben Franklin.
316
00:12:09,128 --> 00:12:10,628
Not just a guy
who flew a kite.
317
00:12:10,696 --> 00:12:11,826
KIRBY: Nope.
CHARLIE: In a storm.
318
00:12:11,897 --> 00:12:13,067
KIRBY: Uh-mm.
319
00:12:13,132 --> 00:12:14,732
CHARLIE: He figured out that
thunder and lightning was
320
00:12:14,800 --> 00:12:17,670
actually electricity,
invented the lightning rod.
321
00:12:17,737 --> 00:12:21,237
Generators, batteries before
batteries were a thing and it
322
00:12:21,307 --> 00:12:23,377
seems like we got a lot
more to see upstairs, right?
323
00:12:23,442 --> 00:12:24,712
SUSANNAH: Absolutely.
324
00:12:24,777 --> 00:12:25,747
CHARLIE (off-screen): All right.
Point us in the right direction.
325
00:12:25,811 --> 00:12:26,911
SUSANNAH (off-screen):
Head right up there.
326
00:12:28,681 --> 00:12:31,121
CHARLIE: This is the
electricity exhibit at
the Franklin Institute,
327
00:12:31,183 --> 00:12:32,423
this is what we came to see.
328
00:12:32,485 --> 00:12:35,045
KIRBY: And the place is covered
in exhibits and toys and all
329
00:12:35,121 --> 00:12:37,121
these things to help us
learn about electricity,
330
00:12:37,189 --> 00:12:38,819
and we got it
all to ourselves.
331
00:12:38,891 --> 00:12:39,891
Should we check it out?
332
00:12:39,959 --> 00:12:41,159
CHARLIE: Let's
go check it out!
333
00:12:46,832 --> 00:12:48,272
KIRBY: This is so cool.
334
00:12:48,334 --> 00:12:51,174
So by spinning this
magnet around this coil
of wire we're changing
335
00:12:51,237 --> 00:12:53,807
the magnetic field
inside of here and creating an
336
00:12:53,873 --> 00:12:56,513
electrical current which
can be measured with this
337
00:12:56,575 --> 00:12:57,875
meter right here.
338
00:12:57,943 --> 00:13:01,753
CHARLIE: Electricity seems
like such a magical or a weird
339
00:13:01,814 --> 00:13:04,854
thing, but when you boil it
down, this is what it is.
340
00:13:04,917 --> 00:13:07,187
CHARLIE (off-screen): A
magnetic force moving through
341
00:13:07,253 --> 00:13:08,793
a conductive wire.
342
00:13:08,854 --> 00:13:11,994
That just moves electrons
along, it's that simple.
343
00:13:13,025 --> 00:13:14,385
Kirb, check it out.
344
00:13:14,460 --> 00:13:16,860
Have you ever wondered
how energy efficient
light bulbs work?
345
00:13:16,929 --> 00:13:17,929
What's the deal with them?
346
00:13:17,997 --> 00:13:20,027
All right, right here,
as I turn this crank,
347
00:13:20,099 --> 00:13:22,769
I'm generating a
current through these
different light bulbs.
348
00:13:22,835 --> 00:13:25,365
This is a normal light bulb.
349
00:13:25,437 --> 00:13:26,937
It's like kind
of bright, right?
350
00:13:27,006 --> 00:13:29,706
Here's a compact
fluorescent bulb.
351
00:13:29,775 --> 00:13:31,305
KIRBY (off-screen): Easier.
352
00:13:31,377 --> 00:13:32,577
CHARLIE (off-screen):
It's a little brighter.
353
00:13:32,645 --> 00:13:35,405
But here's an LED,
energy efficient. Woo!
354
00:13:35,481 --> 00:13:36,581
KIRBY (off-screen): Woah!
355
00:13:36,649 --> 00:13:37,749
CHARLIE: This takes nothing.
356
00:13:37,817 --> 00:13:39,287
KIRBY (off-screen): Making
electricity no problem.
357
00:13:39,351 --> 00:13:41,421
CHARLIE: Barely turning it
around and its lighting up.
358
00:13:41,487 --> 00:13:42,657
CHARLIE (off-screen):
How cool is that?
359
00:13:42,721 --> 00:13:43,961
KIRBY: It's bumpin',
it's bumpin'.
360
00:13:44,023 --> 00:13:44,863
CHARLIE: What else is over here?
KIRBY: Let's go explore this.
361
00:13:45,691 --> 00:13:46,961
CHARLIE (off-screen): This
is awesome all right,
362
00:13:47,026 --> 00:13:49,926
so remember how electricity
flows through currents that
363
00:13:49,995 --> 00:13:51,595
need to be in closed loops.
364
00:13:51,664 --> 00:13:54,834
Well here's a cool thing:
our bodies have conductive
365
00:13:54,900 --> 00:13:56,570
materials inside of them.
366
00:13:56,635 --> 00:13:58,165
CHARLIE (off-screen): So
if I hold this ball.
367
00:13:58,237 --> 00:13:59,737
KIRBY (off-screen):
And I hold this one.
368
00:13:59,805 --> 00:14:03,805
CHARLIE: All it takes is a
little touch to complete
the circuit, ready?
369
00:14:03,876 --> 00:14:05,136
CHARLIE (off-screen): Boop.
370
00:14:05,211 --> 00:14:06,481
KIRBY (off-screen):
Boop. Boop. Boop.
371
00:14:06,545 --> 00:14:07,905
CHARLIE (off-screen):
Boop. Boop. Boop.
372
00:14:07,980 --> 00:14:09,950
KIRBY: And the light
goes on because we're
completing the loop.
373
00:14:10,015 --> 00:14:11,115
CHARLIE (off-screen):
Boop, boop, boop.
374
00:14:11,183 --> 00:14:12,323
KIRBY (off-screen): We
are making electricity
375
00:14:12,384 --> 00:14:13,624
through our bodies.
376
00:14:13,686 --> 00:14:17,116
CHARLIE: We are literally part
of the electricity exhibit.
377
00:14:17,189 --> 00:14:18,989
What's next?
378
00:14:19,058 --> 00:14:21,458
KIRBY: I don't know but
I see a dance floor.
379
00:14:23,896 --> 00:14:25,926
CHARLIE: As we're dancing,
on this dance floor,
380
00:14:25,998 --> 00:14:28,728
there are springs underneath
the panels that are
381
00:14:28,801 --> 00:14:30,801
compressing whenever
we stomp down.
382
00:14:30,870 --> 00:14:34,210
They're converting all of our
mechanical energy into energy
383
00:14:34,273 --> 00:14:35,843
that powers these lights.
384
00:14:35,908 --> 00:14:37,138
CHARLIE (off-screen):
Yeah, moving.
385
00:14:37,209 --> 00:14:38,839
KIRBY (off-screen):
So keep dancing.
386
00:14:38,911 --> 00:14:40,011
CHARLIE: Move it uh, uh.
387
00:14:40,079 --> 00:14:41,349
KIRBY (off-screen): More
dancing, more electricity,
388
00:14:41,413 --> 00:14:43,253
CHARLIE (off-screen): Just
when we think we've seen it
389
00:14:43,315 --> 00:14:44,915
all at the
Electricity Exhibit,
390
00:14:44,984 --> 00:14:48,854
museum guide Brittany
Wickham kicks it up a notch.
391
00:14:49,922 --> 00:14:52,322
BRITTANY: You're gonna
love our giant tesla coil
392
00:14:52,391 --> 00:14:53,531
right behind me.
393
00:14:53,592 --> 00:14:54,662
KIRBY (off-screen): What?
394
00:14:54,727 --> 00:14:55,627
CHARLIE (off-screen): This
thing on the ceiling?
395
00:14:55,694 --> 00:14:56,904
BRITTANY (off-screen):
This is massive.
396
00:14:56,962 --> 00:14:59,632
Now this is high voltage, this
is going to generate a lot
397
00:14:59,698 --> 00:15:02,268
of electricity right above us.
398
00:15:03,903 --> 00:15:06,573
CHARLIE (off-screen): Invented
by Nikola Tesla in 1883,
399
00:15:06,639 --> 00:15:09,839
the Tesla Coil transforms
electricity from low voltage
400
00:15:09,909 --> 00:15:14,109
to high voltage making
it easier to transport
over long distances.
401
00:15:14,179 --> 00:15:17,919
Voltage is the force
of an electric current
measured in volts.
402
00:15:17,983 --> 00:15:22,123
The voltage in today's
standard wall socket
is 120 volts.
403
00:15:22,187 --> 00:15:25,157
The Tesla coil dramatically
increases the voltage
404
00:15:25,224 --> 00:15:27,194
to 10,000 volts.
405
00:15:27,259 --> 00:15:30,229
Important safety note, you can
experience very high voltage
406
00:15:30,296 --> 00:15:32,356
with lightning and
static electricity,
407
00:15:32,431 --> 00:15:34,801
but a bunch of factors
determine whether you'll be
408
00:15:34,867 --> 00:15:36,867
hurt by exposure
to high voltage.
409
00:15:36,936 --> 00:15:40,736
Always get adult approval
before experimenting with
electricity.
410
00:15:42,441 --> 00:15:44,741
BRITTANY: All right, let's
get the Tesla coil running!
411
00:15:44,810 --> 00:15:45,880
KIRBY (off-screen): Oh man.
412
00:15:45,945 --> 00:15:47,105
CHARLIE (off-screen):
Let her rip!
413
00:15:47,179 --> 00:15:48,249
KIRBY: Here we go!
414
00:15:48,314 --> 00:15:50,024
(screams)
415
00:15:55,154 --> 00:15:57,664
CHARLIE: It's like a
lightning storm in the room!
416
00:15:57,723 --> 00:15:59,433
CHARLIE (off-screen):
Ohhh! This is like the
closest thing to magic.
417
00:15:59,491 --> 00:16:00,661
KIRBY (off-screen): I know.
418
00:16:00,726 --> 00:16:01,786
BRITTANY (off-screen):
Not magic.
419
00:16:01,860 --> 00:16:02,860
CHARLIE (off-screen):
That I've ever seen.
420
00:16:02,928 --> 00:16:03,998
BRITTANY (off-screen): Science.
421
00:16:04,063 --> 00:16:05,233
CHARLIE (off-screen):
Not magic. It's science.
422
00:16:05,297 --> 00:16:06,427
BRITTANY (off-screen):
It's science.
423
00:16:06,498 --> 00:16:07,668
CHARLIE: That was crazy!
Oh my gosh.
424
00:16:07,733 --> 00:16:08,773
Brittany, thank you so
much for helping us out.
425
00:16:08,834 --> 00:16:09,774
BRITTANY: Thank
you for coming.
426
00:16:09,835 --> 00:16:10,895
CHARLIE: We really
appreciate it.
427
00:16:10,970 --> 00:16:12,810
CHARLIE (off-screen):
I feel, inspired.
428
00:16:12,871 --> 00:16:14,911
Learning about Benjamin
Franklin all of his
429
00:16:14,974 --> 00:16:17,014
inventions, these demos.
430
00:16:17,076 --> 00:16:19,206
I'm pretty psyched to get back
to HQ and figure out how to
431
00:16:19,278 --> 00:16:20,808
turn on the lights to
make sure they stay on.
432
00:16:20,879 --> 00:16:21,949
We'll see you there in a bit?
433
00:16:22,014 --> 00:16:23,124
Awesome!
434
00:16:23,182 --> 00:16:24,352
KIRBY (off-screen):
Weird but true.
435
00:16:37,396 --> 00:16:39,126
CHARLIE: So guys, we've been
thinking and we're pretty
436
00:16:39,198 --> 00:16:41,468
confident we can solve our
blackout problem before the
437
00:16:41,533 --> 00:16:42,743
next storm hits.
438
00:16:42,801 --> 00:16:44,641
KIRBY: So electricity isn't
running through the walls of
439
00:16:44,703 --> 00:16:46,413
HQ when the lights go out.
440
00:16:46,472 --> 00:16:48,212
CHARLIE: We need something
that can run a current
441
00:16:48,273 --> 00:16:49,613
through this room.
442
00:16:49,675 --> 00:16:51,405
KIRBY: We need a special
machine that they have at
443
00:16:51,477 --> 00:16:53,347
power plants,
called a generator.
444
00:16:53,412 --> 00:16:56,222
CHARLIE: And generators work
largely using two things:
445
00:16:56,281 --> 00:17:01,051
a magnet, and a
conductive material.
446
00:17:01,987 --> 00:17:04,457
So scientists have found
that when you move conductive
447
00:17:04,523 --> 00:17:06,833
materials in relation
to a magnetic field.
448
00:17:06,892 --> 00:17:08,892
It causes electrons to flow.
449
00:17:08,961 --> 00:17:11,261
That's the basic idea
behind how generators work.
450
00:17:11,330 --> 00:17:13,970
And we made our own mini
generator here in HQ to
451
00:17:14,033 --> 00:17:15,033
show you guys.
452
00:17:15,100 --> 00:17:16,100
So come check it out.
453
00:17:16,869 --> 00:17:18,099
KIRBY: Ta dah.
454
00:17:18,170 --> 00:17:21,940
CHARLIE: We got a reel, a rod,
copper wire and inside here
455
00:17:22,007 --> 00:17:23,377
are some magnets.
456
00:17:23,442 --> 00:17:27,382
So as Kirby turns this
fishing reel it spins the rod,
457
00:17:27,446 --> 00:17:28,776
spinning the magnets.
458
00:17:28,847 --> 00:17:32,377
Wrapped around the magnets
is a spool of copper wire.
459
00:17:32,451 --> 00:17:34,421
Copper's a
conductive material,
460
00:17:34,486 --> 00:17:37,086
so it causes
electrons to flow.
461
00:17:41,226 --> 00:17:44,156
Electrons are flowing through
the entire grid including
462
00:17:44,229 --> 00:17:45,799
in our house.
463
00:17:45,864 --> 00:17:48,204
KIRBY: And when we lose power
during a storm it's probably
464
00:17:48,267 --> 00:17:50,567
cause there's an
interruption in the circuit.
465
00:17:50,636 --> 00:17:53,966
CHARLIE: Maybe a tree
fell on a power line,
466
00:17:54,039 --> 00:17:56,879
or it was struck by lightning
or something like that causing
467
00:17:56,942 --> 00:17:58,212
it to shut down.
468
00:17:58,277 --> 00:18:00,077
KIRBY: And when we lose power,
we just have to hook up HQ to
469
00:18:00,145 --> 00:18:02,105
its own generator.
470
00:18:02,181 --> 00:18:04,121
CHARLIE: So the electrons
can keeps flowing.
471
00:18:04,183 --> 00:18:06,223
KIRBY: But I don't really
wanna keep cranking this
472
00:18:06,285 --> 00:18:07,515
reel all day.
473
00:18:07,586 --> 00:18:09,416
CHARLIE: Well in
actual power plants,
474
00:18:09,488 --> 00:18:11,088
they don't have fishing reels.
475
00:18:11,156 --> 00:18:12,826
They have these things
called turbines,
476
00:18:12,891 --> 00:18:15,391
and they spin 'em in
a whole bunch of ways.
477
00:18:15,461 --> 00:18:18,031
KIRBY: I think we should spin
it with something reliable to
478
00:18:18,097 --> 00:18:19,827
make sure we have electricity.
479
00:18:19,898 --> 00:18:22,198
CHARLIE: I feel like
we should prioritize clean
480
00:18:22,267 --> 00:18:23,537
renewable energy.
481
00:18:23,602 --> 00:18:26,672
I don't want to be polluting
more than we normally are.
482
00:18:26,738 --> 00:18:28,908
KIRBY: I think reliability
is a big thing here, Charl.
483
00:18:28,974 --> 00:18:31,584
CHARLIE: I feel like it'd be
pretty foolish to prioritize
484
00:18:31,643 --> 00:18:33,453
anything above the
environment, Kirb.
485
00:18:33,512 --> 00:18:35,112
KIRBY: Are we doing this?
486
00:18:35,180 --> 00:18:36,780
CHARLIE: I guess
we're doing this.
487
00:18:37,483 --> 00:18:40,193
Hey Casey, can you help
us out with something?
488
00:18:41,854 --> 00:18:44,294
CASEY (off-screen): From
Weird But True HQ in
Chicago, Illinois.
489
00:18:44,356 --> 00:18:46,656
Decision Power Outage.
490
00:18:46,725 --> 00:18:48,685
Hello, I'm Casey,
amateur clarinetist,
491
00:18:48,760 --> 00:18:51,860
soup kitchen volunteer, and
basketball rec league referee.
492
00:18:51,930 --> 00:18:55,270
CASEY (off-screen): I'd like
to welcome you to the first
Power Source debate.
493
00:18:55,334 --> 00:18:58,574
We have two participants
tonight: Charlie and Kirby.
494
00:18:58,637 --> 00:19:02,207
They'll be debating one topic:
what source will they use to
495
00:19:02,274 --> 00:19:04,014
power their generators?
496
00:19:04,076 --> 00:19:06,576
Kirby, you'll have
the floor first.
497
00:19:06,645 --> 00:19:07,805
KIRBY: Thank you, Casey.
498
00:19:07,880 --> 00:19:11,150
I support a plan that powers
our generator using fossil
499
00:19:11,216 --> 00:19:15,386
fuels, natural fuels from
our earth like gas and coal.
500
00:19:15,454 --> 00:19:17,964
They are dependable
and they are cheap.
501
00:19:18,023 --> 00:19:20,193
KIRBY (off-screen): Most power
plants in the US use this type
502
00:19:20,259 --> 00:19:21,489
of power source.
503
00:19:21,560 --> 00:19:24,730
You burn coal and oil, which
heats up some water turning it
504
00:19:24,796 --> 00:19:25,996
into steam.
505
00:19:26,064 --> 00:19:28,404
The steam then shoots past
the turbine, spinning it.
506
00:19:28,467 --> 00:19:33,237
It will not fail, so
we can keep crafting
like all day long.
507
00:19:33,305 --> 00:19:34,705
(applause)
508
00:19:34,773 --> 00:19:36,713
CASEY: Charlie, you'll
have some time to respond.
509
00:19:36,775 --> 00:19:39,375
CHARLIE: People of HQ.
510
00:19:39,444 --> 00:19:42,454
CHARLIE (off-screen): Burning
fossil fuels creates air
511
00:19:42,514 --> 00:19:44,684
pollution, pollutes
wastewater,
512
00:19:44,750 --> 00:19:47,750
and on top of that, they
are in limited supply.
513
00:19:47,819 --> 00:19:51,059
Renewable energy
is the way to go.
514
00:19:51,123 --> 00:19:52,263
(applause)
515
00:19:52,324 --> 00:19:54,364
KIRBY: Renewable
energy is unreliable.
516
00:19:54,426 --> 00:19:57,226
CHARLIE: Well how about
hydroelectric power?
517
00:19:57,296 --> 00:19:59,766
CHARLIE (off-screen): They move
the turbine using flowing water.
518
00:19:59,831 --> 00:20:02,731
KIRBY: Well, we don't live
near a flowing river or a dam.
519
00:20:02,801 --> 00:20:05,771
CHARLIE (off-screen): Well
how about tidal energy?
520
00:20:05,837 --> 00:20:08,407
They use underwater windmills
to turn the turbine.
521
00:20:08,473 --> 00:20:11,443
KIRBY: The tide in
Lake Michigan isn't
even five centimeters.
522
00:20:11,510 --> 00:20:13,810
CHARLIE (off-screen):
What about wind power?
523
00:20:13,879 --> 00:20:16,749
They use giant above
ground windmills to
power the turbine.
524
00:20:16,815 --> 00:20:18,245
KIRBY: Well what
if it's not windy?
525
00:20:18,317 --> 00:20:20,587
CHARLIE: Chicago's the
"windy city," Kirb!
526
00:20:20,652 --> 00:20:22,822
KIRBY: That's not why
it's called that, Charles!
527
00:20:22,888 --> 00:20:24,318
CHARLIE: Yeah, it's called
that because all the
528
00:20:24,389 --> 00:20:26,489
politicians are
blowing hot air!
529
00:20:26,558 --> 00:20:28,158
KIRBY: Fine! No fossil fuels!
530
00:20:28,227 --> 00:20:30,157
KIRBY (off-screen):
We'll do nuclear.
531
00:20:30,229 --> 00:20:32,859
At nuclear power plants,
they split atoms to generate
532
00:20:32,931 --> 00:20:34,301
a lot of heat.
533
00:20:34,366 --> 00:20:37,636
That's used to generate
steam like in the
fossil fuel plants.
534
00:20:37,703 --> 00:20:40,773
CHARLIE: And how are we gonna
build a nuclear reactor, Kirb?
535
00:20:40,839 --> 00:20:41,909
KIRBY: I don't know.
536
00:20:41,974 --> 00:20:43,414
We'll find it in some book.
537
00:20:43,475 --> 00:20:44,835
CHARLIE: My opponent
will tell you that.
538
00:20:44,910 --> 00:20:46,080
KIRBY: My opponent
will tell you that.
539
00:20:46,144 --> 00:20:47,484
CHARLIE: A defining moment.
540
00:20:47,546 --> 00:20:48,806
CASEY: Guys, guys, guys. Stop.
541
00:20:48,880 --> 00:20:50,420
They're just generators.
542
00:20:50,482 --> 00:20:52,522
CASEY (off-screen): Figure
out something that will
work for both of you.
543
00:20:52,584 --> 00:20:54,224
Just try and agree
on something.
544
00:20:54,286 --> 00:20:57,286
CHARLIE: Ah, I'm sorry, Kirb.
545
00:20:57,356 --> 00:21:00,286
CHARLIE (off-screen): I'm
just a little worked up
right now, you know?
546
00:21:00,359 --> 00:21:02,389
I didn't get my daily
bike ride in this morning.
547
00:21:02,461 --> 00:21:06,401
Being cooped up in HQ because
of all the rain just driving
548
00:21:06,465 --> 00:21:07,925
me a little nuts.
549
00:21:08,000 --> 00:21:10,140
KIRBY: Yeah, I mean
it's getting to me, too,
550
00:21:10,202 --> 00:21:12,802
but I'm pretty sure
I know what to do.
551
00:21:14,906 --> 00:21:16,106
WOMAN (over radio):Severe thunder storms.
552
00:21:16,174 --> 00:21:17,914
(thunder)
553
00:21:20,112 --> 00:21:21,752
CHARLIE (off-screen):
It's working!
554
00:21:21,813 --> 00:21:24,223
KIRBY: We decided to go with
good old mechanical power.
555
00:21:24,283 --> 00:21:25,753
And as Charles
pedals the bike,
556
00:21:25,817 --> 00:21:27,487
it's spinning an old motor.
557
00:21:27,552 --> 00:21:29,692
And inside the motor
are a bunch of magnets,
558
00:21:29,755 --> 00:21:31,555
spinning around copper wires.
559
00:21:31,623 --> 00:21:33,933
CHARLIE: It causes an electric
current to flow through a
560
00:21:33,992 --> 00:21:37,032
circuit that we hooked
up to all of HQ.
561
00:21:37,095 --> 00:21:38,425
KIRBY (off-screen):
It's perfect.
562
00:21:38,497 --> 00:21:40,367
I get to use my hot glue
gun and Charles gets to
563
00:21:40,432 --> 00:21:41,832
burn off some steam.
564
00:21:41,900 --> 00:21:43,100
CHARLIE: Whoa.
565
00:21:43,168 --> 00:21:44,798
KIRBY: Charles, keep going,
we're gonna lose the lights!
566
00:21:44,870 --> 00:21:47,810
CHARLIE: All right guys,
it looks like we got a new
567
00:21:47,873 --> 00:21:49,413
project on our hands.
568
00:21:49,474 --> 00:21:51,184
But thanks so much
for stopping by!
569
00:21:51,243 --> 00:21:53,853
Come by again when we discover
more things that are weird.
570
00:21:53,912 --> 00:21:55,182
KIRBY: But true!
571
00:21:55,247 --> 00:21:56,477
CHARLIE: We'll see
you guys later! Woo!
572
00:21:56,548 --> 00:21:58,118
KIRBY: Keep going!
CHARLIE: Woo!
573
00:21:58,183 --> 00:21:59,253
Captioned by
Cotter Captioning Services.
45653
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