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[dynamic music]
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- [Narrator] Of all the
mysteries in the world,
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nothing is more curious
than man himself.
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Where did we come from?
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Why are we here?
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And how long have
we been on Earth?
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We have examples of our
growth on planet Earth
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throughout time.
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But some of these
examples befuddle even us.
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When did we make these
technological artifacts?
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How were they made?
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And in some cases,
what was their purpose?
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In this program, we will
explore several of these
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unique artifacts,
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and explore the possible purpose
and manufacturing of each.
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Is it possible we had help?
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Are we the greatest
mystery of all time?
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[vibrant music]
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[engine starting]
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Let's begin with a mystery
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that has raised
eyebrows for decades,
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but today has been proven
to be a rather common item.
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The story of the Coso
artifact has been embellished
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over the years, but all
accounts have common elements.
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On February 13th
1961, Wallace Lane,
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Virginia Maxey and Mike Mikesell
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were seeking interesting
mineral specimens,
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particularly geodes, for their
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LM & V Rockhounds Gem and
Gift Shop in California.
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The trio were about six
miles northeast of Olancha,
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near the top of a peak about
4,300 feet in elevation
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and about 340 feet above
the dry bed of Owens Lake.
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At lunchtime, after collecting
rocks most of the morning,
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all three placed their specimens
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in the rock sack
Mikesell was carrying.
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The next day in the
gift shop's workroom,
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Mikesell ruined a nearly
new diamond saw blade
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while cutting what he
thought was a geode.
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Inside the nodule that was cut,
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Mikesell did not find a
cavity as so many geodes have,
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but a perfectly circular
section of very hard,
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white material that
appeared to be porcelain.
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In the center of the
porcelain cylinder,
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was a two millimeter
shaft of bright metal.
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The metal shaft
responded to a magnet.
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There were still other odd
quantities about the specimen.
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The outer layer of the
specimen was allegedly
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encrusted with fossil
shells and their fragments.
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In addition to shells,
there were reports
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of two metallic metal
objects in the crust,
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resembling a nail and a washer.
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Stranger still, the
inner layer was hexagonal
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and seemed to form
a casing around
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the hard porcelain cylinder.
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Within the inner layer,
a layer of decomposing
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copper allegedly surrounded
the porcelain cylinder.
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The group had an anomaly.
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Here was a possible geode,
over 500,000 years old
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with some soft of electronic
device buried within it.
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The object looked
like a spark plug
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and no one could figure out
how it came to be encased
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in a geode from
thousands of years ago.
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A spark plug encased in
500,000 year old geode
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would represent a
substantial scientific
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and historical
anomaly as spark plugs
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were invented in
the 19th century.
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Critics say that the stone
matrix containing the artifact
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is not a geode but
concretion that can
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be explained by natural
processes that can take place
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over a decade or two.
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Had the group really found
a piece of technology
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encased in a prehistoric
stone from ages ago?
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In 2018 an investigation
by Pierre Stromberg
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and Paul Heinrich with
the help of members of the
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Spark Plug Collectors of America
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identified the artifact as a
1920's era Champion spark plug.
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Widely used in the Ford
Model T and Model A engines.
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SPCA President Chad Windham
and other collectors
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concurred with his assessment.
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Stromberg and Heinrich's
report indicates that the
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spark plug became encased
in a concretion composed
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of iron derived from
the rusting spark plug.
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Iron and steel
artifacts rapidly form
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iron oxide concretions as
they rust in the ground.
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On April 12th 2018, Pierre
Stromberg was contacted
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by the family of one of the
co-discoverers of the artifact.
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He was offered an opportunity
to physically inspect
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the artifact and he accepted.
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And also arranged for
the artifact to be
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inspected by a geologist from
the University of Washington
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Earth and Space
Science Department.
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The inspections confirmed
the previous conclusion.
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That the artifact was a
1920's-era Champion spark plug.
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The Coso artifact is a
good example of not jumping
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to conclusions when
analyzing ancient artifacts.
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There could be a simple
and reasonable explanation.
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However some artifacts
are not simple to explain,
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and seemingly, have no
reasonable explanations.
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[eerie music]
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The Schist disc is one of those
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unusual artifacts that
defies explanation.
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It's been thought to be anything
from an elaborate candle
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or incense holder to
an impeller from some
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technological device.
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In January 1936, a
strange disc was unearthed
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at the plateau edge
of North Saqqara,
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approximately 1.7 km north
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of Djoser's Step
Pyramid in Egypt.
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The discovery of the mysterious
prehistoric artifact,
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that many considered
as a device,
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was made in the
Tomb of Prince Sabu
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around 3100 BC by a famous,
British Egyptologist
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Walter Bryan Emery.
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Sabu was the son of a high
official or administrator
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of a town or province
probably called
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"Star of the family of Horus."
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The unearthed device
named the Schist disc,
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is approximately 24 inches
by 4.2 inches in the center.
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It was manufactured
by unknown means
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from very fragile
and delicate material
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requiring very tedious carving.
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The production of which would
confound any craftsmen today.
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Now many important
questions arise.
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Scientists do not think
the object is a wheel,
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because the wheel appeared
in Egypt at 1500 BC,
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during the 18th Dynasty.
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If the Schist disc
is in fact a wheel
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it would mean ancient
Egyptians possessed knowledge
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of the wheel about 3000 BC
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during the time of
the first dynasty.
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This would require Egyptologists
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to re-write some history books.
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If the Schist disc
is not a wheel,
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nor modeled after the
wheel, what is it?
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Some scientists suggest
that the fragile nature
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of such an intricately
carved stone object
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greatly limits it's
practical usage
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and suggests a purely
ornamental function,
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being of a religious or some
other ritualistic purpose.
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Of course, some
believe this disc
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served another
purpose, as a lamp.
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However, critics
of the theory argue
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that the three-blade ceremonial
lamp is hardly possible,
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because of the shape and
curvature of its petals,
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which seems to suggest a
function, not just decoration.
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Egyptologist Cyril Aldred
reached the conclusion that,
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independently of what
the object was used for
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or what it represented, its
design was without a doubt,
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a copy of a previous, more
older metallic object.
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Why did the ancient Egyptians
bother to design an object
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with such a complex structure
more than 5,000 years ago?
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How could a culture who
typically used chisels
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to shape rock have
mastered a technique
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to work such a delicate material
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into this extraordinary level?
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Obviously the Schist
disc is an object
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that played an important
role 5,000 years ago.
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Egyptologists offer
a number of theories
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trying to explain what
the disc was used for,
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but for the moment
no-one has been able
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to explain the object's
complex structure.
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The Schist disc's
futuristic design
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continues to baffle all
those who have seen it.
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There is no doubt
this particular object
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continues to constitute
one of the most perplexing
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Egyptian and ancient mysteries
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and we are left with several
unanswered questions.
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You can examine the
Schist disc yourself,
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as it is currently
in the Cairo Museum.
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[dynamic music]
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In 1944, as a ten-year
old boy, Newton Anderson
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was fueling the coal furnace
in his parent's home.
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He dropped a lump of coal
onto the basement floor
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and it broke in half, revealing
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that it contained a bell inside.
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The coal that was
mined near his house
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in Upshur County, West Virginia,
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is about 300 million years old.
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What is a brass bell
with an iron clapper
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doing in coal ascribed to
the Carboniferous Period?
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According to Norm
Sharbaugh's book Ammunition,
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which includes several
coal anecdotes,
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the bell is an
Antediluvian artifact
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made before the Genesis Flood.
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The Institute of
Creation Research
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had the bell
submitted to the lab
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at the University of Oklahoma.
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There, a nuclear
activation analysis
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revealed that the bell contains
an unusual mix of metals,
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different from any known
modern alloy production
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including copper, zinc, tin,
arsenic, iodine, and selenium.
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There is a wined statue
at the top of the bell,
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which does not resemble any
known cultural depiction.
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00:11:38,387 --> 00:11:41,079
The closest depictions
with similarities
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00:11:41,114 --> 00:11:46,050
would be the Babylonian
Southwest Wind
Demon called Pazuzu.
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There is a headpiece
missing on the bell,
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which may have indicated
the bell statue was taller.
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This is not the only
artifact found in coal,
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millions of years old.
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00:11:58,890 --> 00:12:01,962
An iron pot was found
in coal in Oklahoma.
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00:12:01,997 --> 00:12:06,277
In an notarized statement,
Frank Kennard said in 1948,
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00:12:06,311 --> 00:12:09,867
he was working in the
municipal electric plant
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00:12:09,901 --> 00:12:13,284
in Thomas, Oklahoma in 1912.
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00:12:13,318 --> 00:12:15,320
He came upon a
solid chunk of coal
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00:12:15,355 --> 00:12:17,460
which was too large to use.
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00:12:17,495 --> 00:12:20,153
He broke it up with
a sledgehammer.
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00:12:20,187 --> 00:12:23,363
The iron pot fell from the
center, leaving the impression
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00:12:23,397 --> 00:12:27,298
or mold of the pot in
a piece of the coal.
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00:12:27,332 --> 00:12:29,541
Jim Stull, an employee
of the company,
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00:12:29,576 --> 00:12:30,922
witnessed the
breaking of the coal
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00:12:30,957 --> 00:12:34,029
and saw the pot fall out.
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00:12:34,063 --> 00:12:35,685
He traced the source of the coal
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00:12:35,720 --> 00:12:39,172
and found that it came from
Wilburton, Oklahoma mines.
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00:12:41,070 --> 00:12:44,039
A handful of other such
artifact in coal accounts
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00:12:44,073 --> 00:12:46,938
have been recorded
by Ivan T Sanderson.
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00:12:46,973 --> 00:12:50,666
Including an intricate
gold chain found in coal.
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00:12:50,700 --> 00:12:52,806
The Morrisonville,
Illinois Times,
218
00:12:52,841 --> 00:12:56,085
on June 11, 1891,
published a report
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00:12:56,120 --> 00:12:59,640
that Mrs. S. W. Culp
found a circular shaped,
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00:12:59,675 --> 00:13:02,816
eight-carat gold chain,
about 10 inches long,
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00:13:02,851 --> 00:13:04,956
embedded in a lump of coal
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00:13:04,991 --> 00:13:08,339
after she broke it apart
to put it in her scuttle.
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00:13:09,512 --> 00:13:11,825
The chain was
described as antique
224
00:13:11,860 --> 00:13:14,483
and of quaint workmanship.
225
00:13:14,517 --> 00:13:16,485
The story said only
part of the chain
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00:13:16,519 --> 00:13:19,246
was revealed when she
first broke open the coal,
227
00:13:19,281 --> 00:13:20,800
and that the rest of the chain
228
00:13:20,834 --> 00:13:23,423
remained buried within the coal.
229
00:13:23,457 --> 00:13:26,736
The coal came from one of
the southern Illinois mines.
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00:13:26,771 --> 00:13:30,602
Unfortunately the artifact
has since disappeared.
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00:13:32,397 --> 00:13:35,573
Objects that are millions
of years old can only mean
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00:13:35,607 --> 00:13:40,612
there was a civilization
predating our modern culture.
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00:13:41,510 --> 00:13:44,064
Who made these items eons ago?
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00:13:44,099 --> 00:13:47,654
This question will
probably never be answered.
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00:13:53,108 --> 00:13:55,800
[dynamic music]
236
00:14:04,913 --> 00:14:08,606
Suppose you came across
a Roman dodecahedron.
237
00:14:08,640 --> 00:14:09,849
Would you know what it is?
238
00:14:09,883 --> 00:14:12,196
Or what it was used for?
239
00:14:12,230 --> 00:14:14,888
This artifact is a
small, hollow object
240
00:14:14,923 --> 00:14:19,272
made of bronze or stone
with a dodecahedron shape.
241
00:14:19,306 --> 00:14:21,722
Twelve flat pentagonal faces,
242
00:14:21,757 --> 00:14:23,552
each face having a circular hole
243
00:14:23,586 --> 00:14:26,658
of varying diameter
in the middle.
244
00:14:26,693 --> 00:14:29,869
The holes connected to
the hollowed center.
245
00:14:29,903 --> 00:14:34,494
Roman dodecahedra date from
the 2nd or 3rd centuries AD.
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00:14:35,978 --> 00:14:37,980
About a hundred of these
objects have been found
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00:14:38,015 --> 00:14:42,191
from Wales to Hungary and
Spain, and to the east of Italy.
248
00:14:42,226 --> 00:14:44,884
And most found in
Germany and France.
249
00:14:44,918 --> 00:14:47,921
Ranging from 4 to 11
centimeters in size,
250
00:14:47,956 --> 00:14:51,200
they also vary in
terms of textures.
251
00:14:51,235 --> 00:14:54,341
Most are made of bronze
but some are made of stone.
252
00:14:55,791 --> 00:14:58,690
No mention of them has been
found in contemporary accounts
253
00:14:58,725 --> 00:15:00,727
or pictures of the time.
254
00:15:01,970 --> 00:15:05,249
Speculated uses
include a candlestick
255
00:15:05,283 --> 00:15:09,184
'cause wax has been found
inside two examples,
256
00:15:09,218 --> 00:15:13,360
dice, survey instruments
for estimating distances to
257
00:15:13,395 --> 00:15:16,191
or distances of objects,
258
00:15:16,225 --> 00:15:18,296
devices for
determining the optimal
259
00:15:18,331 --> 00:15:21,299
sow date for winter grain,
260
00:15:21,334 --> 00:15:25,372
gauges to calibrate water
pipes or army standard bases.
261
00:15:29,480 --> 00:15:33,035
Use as a measuring instrument
of any kind seems improbable,
262
00:15:33,070 --> 00:15:35,106
since the artifacts
are not standardized
263
00:15:35,141 --> 00:15:39,283
and come in many sizes and
arrangements of their openings.
264
00:15:39,317 --> 00:15:40,974
It has also been suggested
that they may have
265
00:15:41,009 --> 00:15:45,772
been religious artifacts or
even fortune-telling devices.
266
00:15:45,806 --> 00:15:47,808
This latter speculation
is based on the fact
267
00:15:47,843 --> 00:15:50,087
that most of the
examples have been found
268
00:15:50,121 --> 00:15:52,468
in Gallo-Roman sites.
269
00:15:55,506 --> 00:15:58,992
Several dodecahedra were
found in coin hoards,
270
00:15:59,027 --> 00:16:01,063
providing evidence
that the owners
271
00:16:01,098 --> 00:16:03,238
considered them
valuable objects.
272
00:16:04,411 --> 00:16:07,000
Smaller dodecahedra
with the same features,
273
00:16:07,035 --> 00:16:09,520
holes and knobs,
and made from gold
274
00:16:09,554 --> 00:16:11,487
have been found in
South-East Asia.
275
00:16:12,972 --> 00:16:15,181
Speculation among
historians has resulted
276
00:16:15,215 --> 00:16:18,253
in many different hypothesis.
277
00:16:18,287 --> 00:16:22,257
Which is as close as we may
get to an accurate answer.
278
00:16:22,291 --> 00:16:24,569
Few archeologists will
even comment on it
279
00:16:24,604 --> 00:16:27,158
because these objects
aren't defined
280
00:16:27,193 --> 00:16:29,885
to a specific cultural
area and therefore,
281
00:16:29,919 --> 00:16:33,026
not their area of expertise.
282
00:16:33,061 --> 00:16:34,752
Even the theories
that do exist are
283
00:16:34,786 --> 00:16:37,651
highly debated among historians.
284
00:16:37,686 --> 00:16:40,654
Can you figure out
what this artifact is?
285
00:16:40,689 --> 00:16:42,139
Or it's purpose?
286
00:16:42,173 --> 00:16:45,383
If you can, then you may
solve one of the most
287
00:16:45,418 --> 00:16:48,352
perplexing mysteries
of our time.
288
00:16:51,941 --> 00:16:54,703
[soothing music]
289
00:17:03,919 --> 00:17:06,991
Tiny objects are one
thing to ponder over.
290
00:17:07,026 --> 00:17:10,719
But what do you do
when confronted with
huge puzzle pieces
291
00:17:10,753 --> 00:17:13,963
that fit together so
perfectly you cannot
292
00:17:13,998 --> 00:17:16,621
get a sheet of rice
paper between them?
293
00:17:18,106 --> 00:17:20,694
Throughout the world, there
are large bolder-like stones
294
00:17:20,729 --> 00:17:25,078
fitted together so perfectly
no one has any idea
295
00:17:25,113 --> 00:17:27,943
how they were quarried
and placed together.
296
00:17:29,910 --> 00:17:32,913
People are very
creative and artistic.
297
00:17:32,948 --> 00:17:36,400
But to quarry a
stone over 500 tons,
298
00:17:36,434 --> 00:17:40,887
move it, and put it into
place where it fits perfectly
299
00:17:40,921 --> 00:17:45,236
behooves even the most
intelligent architect of today.
300
00:17:45,271 --> 00:17:47,825
Yet these walls exist
all over the world,
301
00:17:47,859 --> 00:17:52,416
and no one knows how they
were made or placed together.
302
00:17:52,450 --> 00:17:56,937
For example, consider the
walls in Peru, Baalbek
303
00:17:56,972 --> 00:17:59,733
and other ancient
sites around the globe.
304
00:17:59,768 --> 00:18:03,668
Theories range from ancient
giants that placed the stones,
305
00:18:03,703 --> 00:18:06,844
to aliens with anti-gravity.
306
00:18:06,878 --> 00:18:11,262
Magical talents some men
had, to simple levers.
307
00:18:11,297 --> 00:18:14,265
Some believe the only way
to get this precision,
308
00:18:14,300 --> 00:18:17,993
would be to melt the
stones into place.
309
00:18:19,167 --> 00:18:21,686
Today's builders and
stonemasons would have
310
00:18:21,721 --> 00:18:24,586
a hard time duplicating
these artifacts.
311
00:18:24,620 --> 00:18:27,899
Even with modern
tools and technology.
312
00:18:27,934 --> 00:18:30,971
Some say it simply
cannot be done.
313
00:18:31,006 --> 00:18:33,491
Who built these walls and how?
314
00:18:53,235 --> 00:18:55,996
[vibrant music]
315
00:19:05,834 --> 00:19:09,078
The Antikythera Mechanism
is generally referred to
316
00:19:09,113 --> 00:19:13,531
as the first known
analog computer.
317
00:19:13,566 --> 00:19:15,775
The quality and complexity
of the mechanism's
318
00:19:15,809 --> 00:19:20,159
manufacture suggests that it
has undiscovered predecessors
319
00:19:20,193 --> 00:19:23,852
made during the
Hellenistic period.
320
00:19:23,886 --> 00:19:27,890
It's construction relies
on theories of astronomy
321
00:19:27,925 --> 00:19:31,031
and mathematics developed
by Greek astronomers
322
00:19:31,066 --> 00:19:33,517
during the 2nd century BC,
323
00:19:33,551 --> 00:19:35,864
and it's estimated
to have been built
324
00:19:35,898 --> 00:19:40,903
in the late 2nd century BC
or the early 1st century BC.
325
00:19:42,042 --> 00:19:44,424
It is the world's
first-known computer.
326
00:19:48,048 --> 00:19:50,706
A computer from the 2nd century?
327
00:19:50,741 --> 00:19:51,949
Perhaps.
328
00:19:51,983 --> 00:19:55,228
But some believe it
may be much older.
329
00:19:55,263 --> 00:19:58,024
It was found in a
shipwreck in 1900,
330
00:19:58,058 --> 00:20:00,268
along with statues and pottery.
331
00:20:00,302 --> 00:20:02,580
But no one knows if
it is an older item
332
00:20:02,615 --> 00:20:06,066
that was along with
the Greek pottery.
333
00:20:06,101 --> 00:20:10,001
Or if it may be much older
and was being transported
334
00:20:10,036 --> 00:20:11,831
with current items of the time.
335
00:20:15,490 --> 00:20:18,217
Scientists believe it was
used to plot the movement
336
00:20:18,251 --> 00:20:20,391
of the sun, moon and stars.
337
00:20:20,426 --> 00:20:23,429
Thus it was a clock of sorts
that could accurately predict
338
00:20:23,463 --> 00:20:27,536
upcoming astrological
events and tell time.
339
00:20:27,571 --> 00:20:30,263
Some pieces of the clock
have never been found
340
00:20:30,298 --> 00:20:32,334
and it's possible there
are more components
341
00:20:32,369 --> 00:20:36,338
of it buried in the
shipwreck and lost forever.
342
00:20:36,373 --> 00:20:38,202
The scientists who
have reconstructed the
343
00:20:38,237 --> 00:20:41,412
Antikythera Mechanism
also agree that it was
344
00:20:41,447 --> 00:20:45,796
too sophisticated to have
been a unique device.
345
00:20:45,830 --> 00:20:47,901
That there must be others.
346
00:20:51,111 --> 00:20:53,355
Of special delight
to physicists,
347
00:20:53,390 --> 00:20:58,291
the moon mechanism uses a
special train of bronze gears,
348
00:20:58,326 --> 00:21:00,983
two of them linked with
a slightly offset axis,
349
00:21:01,018 --> 00:21:04,746
to indicate the position
and phase of the moon.
350
00:21:04,780 --> 00:21:08,439
As is known today from Kepler's
Law of Planetary Motion,
351
00:21:08,474 --> 00:21:12,788
the moon travels at different
speeds as it orbits the Earth,
352
00:21:12,823 --> 00:21:15,619
and this speed
differential is modeled
353
00:21:15,653 --> 00:21:18,242
by the Antikythera Mechanism,
354
00:21:18,277 --> 00:21:20,865
even though the ancient
Greeks were not aware
355
00:21:20,900 --> 00:21:24,697
of the actual elliptical shape
of the orbit of the moon.
356
00:21:26,802 --> 00:21:30,150
If ancient computers
existed 500 BC,
357
00:21:30,185 --> 00:21:32,636
could other advanced
technologies have existed
358
00:21:32,670 --> 00:21:35,432
in the ancient past?
359
00:21:35,466 --> 00:21:40,471
What if a modern jet plane were
found in an ancient pyramid?
360
00:21:41,610 --> 00:21:44,993
It would of course
be a major discovery.
361
00:21:45,027 --> 00:21:47,961
And it may have
already happened.
362
00:21:51,896 --> 00:21:54,520
[dynamic music]
363
00:22:01,389 --> 00:22:03,322
Is this a helicopter?
364
00:22:04,323 --> 00:22:06,601
Is this a spaceship?
365
00:22:06,635 --> 00:22:08,948
A submarine or modern boat?
366
00:22:11,088 --> 00:22:14,263
The 3,000 year-old
hieroglyphs found
367
00:22:14,298 --> 00:22:17,059
in Seti I's temple
in Abydos, Egypt,
368
00:22:17,094 --> 00:22:20,649
are said to depict nothing
less than a helicopter,
369
00:22:26,068 --> 00:22:26,897
plane,
370
00:22:30,797 --> 00:22:34,525
and futuristic aircraft
among the usual insects,
371
00:22:34,560 --> 00:22:36,976
symbols and snakes.
372
00:22:37,010 --> 00:22:38,771
The writings have become known
373
00:22:38,805 --> 00:22:41,152
as the Helicopter Hieroglyphics
374
00:22:41,187 --> 00:22:44,155
among pseudoscience
and conspiracy circles.
375
00:22:44,190 --> 00:22:46,054
With many supporters
of the theory saying,
376
00:22:46,088 --> 00:22:48,988
that if the ancient
civilization was putting
377
00:22:49,022 --> 00:22:52,543
helicopters and modern
spacecraft in their artwork,
378
00:22:52,578 --> 00:22:57,030
then they must have seen them,
or at least pictures of them.
379
00:22:58,998 --> 00:23:00,965
And for that to have happened,
380
00:23:01,000 --> 00:23:05,038
someone from the future
must have taken them back.
381
00:23:06,488 --> 00:23:09,353
Some have even taken the
theory a step further,
382
00:23:09,388 --> 00:23:11,942
introducing aliens
to the equation.
383
00:23:13,392 --> 00:23:16,187
The question remains, why
would ancient Egyptians
384
00:23:16,222 --> 00:23:21,227
depict a modern helicopter
above a doorway in a tomb?
385
00:23:22,297 --> 00:23:24,437
If it's not a helicopter
then what is it?
386
00:23:24,472 --> 00:23:27,440
Why is it there alongside
of what appears to be
387
00:23:27,475 --> 00:23:29,373
a modern boat or submarine
388
00:23:29,408 --> 00:23:33,481
and a science-fiction
style spaceship?
389
00:23:33,515 --> 00:23:37,036
What did the Egyptians
know 3,000 years ago?
390
00:23:37,070 --> 00:23:39,590
And if they knew
about helicopters,
391
00:23:39,625 --> 00:23:42,248
what else could be hiding
in undiscovered tombs
392
00:23:42,282 --> 00:23:44,284
across the African continent?
393
00:23:54,640 --> 00:23:57,332
[dynamic music]
394
00:24:00,162 --> 00:24:02,510
Dropa stones are said by some
395
00:24:02,544 --> 00:24:05,098
ufologists and
pseudoarchaeologists
396
00:24:05,133 --> 00:24:09,896
to be a series of at least
716 circular stone discs,
397
00:24:09,931 --> 00:24:14,004
dating back 12,000 years.
398
00:24:14,038 --> 00:24:18,491
On which tiny hieroglyph-like
markings may be found.
399
00:24:18,526 --> 00:24:21,977
Each disc is claimed to measure
up to 1 foot in diameter
400
00:24:22,012 --> 00:24:25,291
and carry two grooves,
originating from a hole
401
00:24:25,325 --> 00:24:28,984
in their center, in the
form of a double spiral.
402
00:24:30,434 --> 00:24:32,401
The hieroglyphic-like
markings are said
403
00:24:32,436 --> 00:24:34,334
to be found in these grooves.
404
00:24:35,508 --> 00:24:37,441
No record has been
found of the stones
405
00:24:37,476 --> 00:24:40,651
being displayed in any
of the world's museums,
406
00:24:40,686 --> 00:24:43,343
and their current
whereabouts are unknown.
407
00:24:45,207 --> 00:24:49,798
In 1962 a Chinese
researcher, Tsum Um Nui,
408
00:24:49,833 --> 00:24:52,836
was reported to have concluded
that the grooves on the discs
409
00:24:52,870 --> 00:24:56,322
were actually very
tiny hieroglyphs.
410
00:24:56,356 --> 00:24:59,290
None of which were of a pattern
that had been seen before,
411
00:24:59,325 --> 00:25:01,223
and which can only
be seen with the use
412
00:25:01,258 --> 00:25:03,571
of a magnifying glass.
413
00:25:03,605 --> 00:25:05,089
He announced that he
had deciphered them
414
00:25:05,124 --> 00:25:08,161
into a story that
told of a spacecraft
415
00:25:08,196 --> 00:25:11,199
that crash landed in
the area of the cave,
416
00:25:11,233 --> 00:25:13,442
the Bayan Har Mountains.
417
00:25:13,477 --> 00:25:16,273
And that the ship
contained the Dropa people
418
00:25:16,307 --> 00:25:21,312
who could not fit in and
therefore had to adapt to Earth.
419
00:25:22,659 --> 00:25:24,868
Further, his research
claims that the Dropa people
420
00:25:24,902 --> 00:25:28,112
were hunted down and killed
by the local Han Chinese
421
00:25:28,147 --> 00:25:29,493
for a period.
422
00:25:29,528 --> 00:25:33,462
Tsum Um Nui noted
specifically that one glyph
423
00:25:33,497 --> 00:25:34,912
apparently said,
424
00:25:34,947 --> 00:25:37,984
"The Dropa came down from
the clouds in their aircraft.
425
00:25:38,019 --> 00:25:40,849
Our men, women and
children hid in the caves
426
00:25:40,884 --> 00:25:43,990
ten times before sunrise.
427
00:25:44,025 --> 00:25:46,303
When at last we understood
the sign language
428
00:25:46,337 --> 00:25:49,237
of the Dropas, we realized
that the newcomers
429
00:25:49,271 --> 00:25:52,309
had peaceful intentions."
430
00:25:52,343 --> 00:25:54,587
Tsum Um Nui is said
to have published
431
00:25:54,622 --> 00:25:58,626
his findings in 1962 in
a professional journal,
432
00:25:58,660 --> 00:26:02,664
and was subsequently ridiculed
and met with disbelief.
433
00:26:02,699 --> 00:26:06,081
Shortly afterwards he's
said to have gone to Japan
434
00:26:06,116 --> 00:26:07,911
in a self-imposed exile,
435
00:26:07,945 --> 00:26:11,052
where he died not long
after he completed
436
00:26:11,086 --> 00:26:13,537
the manuscript of his work.
437
00:26:13,572 --> 00:26:17,368
The stones themselves
seemed to have disappeared.
438
00:26:17,403 --> 00:26:19,750
The stone discs were
supposedly stored in
439
00:26:19,785 --> 00:26:22,442
various museums across China.
440
00:26:22,477 --> 00:26:24,824
However none of these
museums have any records
441
00:26:24,859 --> 00:26:29,311
or traces of Dropa
stones ever being there.
442
00:26:29,346 --> 00:26:31,141
They obviously
existed because there
443
00:26:31,175 --> 00:26:33,384
are photographs of them.
444
00:26:33,419 --> 00:26:35,352
What are these stone discs?
445
00:26:35,386 --> 00:26:37,457
And where did they come from?
446
00:26:37,492 --> 00:26:39,632
Is the story they tell true?
447
00:26:39,667 --> 00:26:44,257
And if so, is there any
proof other than the stones?
448
00:26:44,292 --> 00:26:47,882
The mysterious discovery
was allegedly made in 1930
449
00:26:47,916 --> 00:26:51,092
when Chi Pu Tei, an
archeology professor
450
00:26:51,126 --> 00:26:54,164
at Peking University
and his students
451
00:26:54,198 --> 00:26:56,994
were on an expedition to
explore a series of caves
452
00:26:57,029 --> 00:27:00,342
in the inaccessible
mountains near Tibet.
453
00:27:00,377 --> 00:27:02,551
Which were supposedly
carved artificially
454
00:27:02,586 --> 00:27:06,659
in a system of underground
tunnels and pantries.
455
00:27:06,694 --> 00:27:08,143
Now according to these events,
456
00:27:08,178 --> 00:27:11,215
it's said that professor
Chi Pu Tei and his students
457
00:27:11,250 --> 00:27:15,116
found tombs with skeletons
of four to six feet
458
00:27:15,150 --> 00:27:17,463
in height buried inside them.
459
00:27:17,497 --> 00:27:20,500
The skeletons had abnormally
large heads and small,
460
00:27:20,535 --> 00:27:23,262
thin and fragile bodies.
461
00:27:23,296 --> 00:27:25,333
In addition to the
skeletal remains,
462
00:27:25,367 --> 00:27:28,612
professor Chi Pu
Tei and his students
463
00:27:28,647 --> 00:27:30,994
discovered countless
other items.
464
00:27:33,790 --> 00:27:35,930
After their studies
on the Dropa stones,
465
00:27:35,964 --> 00:27:39,036
researchers turned
their attention to
the people in the area
466
00:27:39,071 --> 00:27:43,075
themselves, what
happened to the Dropa?
467
00:27:43,109 --> 00:27:45,318
The cave area where
the stones were located
468
00:27:45,353 --> 00:27:48,632
still had two tribes
living in the vicinity,
469
00:27:48,667 --> 00:27:51,359
the Dropas and the Khams.
470
00:27:51,393 --> 00:27:54,431
Archeologists were
called in to determine
471
00:27:54,465 --> 00:27:57,848
where the two tribes
originated from
472
00:27:57,883 --> 00:28:01,887
but were unable to relate
either tribe to a known race.
473
00:28:01,921 --> 00:28:03,992
They also noticed that
the people in these tribes
474
00:28:04,027 --> 00:28:06,201
had a very short average height
475
00:28:06,236 --> 00:28:10,619
and abnormally large
heads and eye sockets.
476
00:28:10,654 --> 00:28:13,208
They were extremely
thin characters
477
00:28:13,243 --> 00:28:18,248
with a very obvious yellow
tinge to their skin color.
478
00:28:19,698 --> 00:28:22,942
Could these be the direct
ancestors to the Dropa?
479
00:28:32,987 --> 00:28:35,679
[dynamic music]
480
00:28:43,825 --> 00:28:46,241
Have you ever seen
a Waffle Rock?
481
00:28:46,276 --> 00:28:49,520
There is one in Virginia
and it's on display.
482
00:28:49,555 --> 00:28:52,731
Waffle Rock in America
is a real geology puzzle
483
00:28:52,765 --> 00:28:57,252
because of the amazing
patterns formed on its surface.
484
00:28:57,287 --> 00:29:01,740
Called Waffle Rock because it
looks like a waffle iron grid.
485
00:29:01,774 --> 00:29:04,328
The question is,
how was it made?
486
00:29:04,363 --> 00:29:07,297
Is it natural or the
imprint of some advanced
487
00:29:07,331 --> 00:29:10,783
technological device
that has long ago eroded
488
00:29:10,818 --> 00:29:14,614
and left it's emboss
on this natural rock?
489
00:29:14,649 --> 00:29:16,962
The Army Corps of
Engineers and geologists
490
00:29:16,996 --> 00:29:18,998
say it's a natural formation.
491
00:29:19,033 --> 00:29:20,724
Period, end of story.
492
00:29:20,759 --> 00:29:22,208
Nothing to see here.
493
00:29:22,243 --> 00:29:25,729
However, the scientific
explanations don't account
494
00:29:25,764 --> 00:29:29,181
for all the features
present in the rock.
495
00:29:29,215 --> 00:29:31,977
Aside from the unusual
ancient alien talk,
496
00:29:32,011 --> 00:29:34,255
many believe that the
pattern is actually
497
00:29:34,289 --> 00:29:38,397
an early form of hieroglyphic
or primitive writing,
498
00:29:38,431 --> 00:29:41,780
and that the rock is the
result of Neolithic art
499
00:29:41,814 --> 00:29:44,610
by pre-Columbian peoples.
500
00:29:44,644 --> 00:29:48,441
The rock on display at
the West Virginia Outlook
501
00:29:48,476 --> 00:29:51,651
on Jennings Randolph
Lake is but a small piece
502
00:29:51,686 --> 00:29:54,344
of the original rock.
503
00:29:54,378 --> 00:29:57,796
It was moved there to save
the geologically significant
504
00:29:57,830 --> 00:30:01,385
piece of history
from a dam project.
505
00:30:01,420 --> 00:30:03,318
Likely in in no small
part, because of pressure
506
00:30:03,353 --> 00:30:06,701
exerted by the original
residents of Shaw,
507
00:30:06,735 --> 00:30:09,877
a town removed for the dam.
508
00:30:09,911 --> 00:30:12,258
Photographs of the
whole rock show clearly,
509
00:30:12,293 --> 00:30:14,813
the pattern or the
structure of the pattern
510
00:30:14,847 --> 00:30:17,574
does not run all the
way through the rock,
511
00:30:17,608 --> 00:30:21,681
but rather can only
been seen on one side.
512
00:30:21,716 --> 00:30:26,721
Most agree the rock is at
least 250 million years old.
513
00:30:27,826 --> 00:30:29,586
It's either a perfectly
natural formation
514
00:30:29,620 --> 00:30:32,865
or the work of an old
ancient civilization,
515
00:30:32,900 --> 00:30:36,800
or maybe even aliens.
516
00:30:48,087 --> 00:30:50,572
[eerie music]
517
00:31:02,515 --> 00:31:06,140
Today, you can find
just about any place
518
00:31:06,174 --> 00:31:07,969
with a quick Google search.
519
00:31:08,004 --> 00:31:11,248
But in times past, to
get from here to there
520
00:31:11,283 --> 00:31:14,320
you needed a map.
521
00:31:14,355 --> 00:31:16,909
Maps have been used to
chart every point known
522
00:31:16,944 --> 00:31:18,807
around the globe.
523
00:31:18,842 --> 00:31:21,500
The more accurate,
the better the map.
524
00:31:21,534 --> 00:31:23,951
And when trusting
your life to the sea,
525
00:31:23,985 --> 00:31:27,506
you wanted the best
map you could get.
526
00:31:27,540 --> 00:31:31,268
So when you went there, you
didn't end up somewhere else.
527
00:31:31,303 --> 00:31:35,652
In 1513, a trip to the new
world was all the rage,
528
00:31:35,686 --> 00:31:37,757
and accurate maps were
needed to get to this
529
00:31:37,792 --> 00:31:40,726
newly founded land.
530
00:31:40,760 --> 00:31:43,832
Enter Piri Reis, a cartographer.
531
00:31:43,867 --> 00:31:46,318
Piri Reis served in
the Turkish Navy,
532
00:31:46,352 --> 00:31:48,837
for which he held
the rank of Admiral.
533
00:31:48,872 --> 00:31:52,634
He used 20 different maps and
charts as his source documents
534
00:31:52,669 --> 00:31:57,639
to create what today is
called the Piri Reis map.
535
00:31:58,847 --> 00:32:00,504
Eight of them were
Ptolemaic maps,
536
00:32:00,539 --> 00:32:02,058
maps of the known
world according to the
537
00:32:02,092 --> 00:32:05,924
2nd century Hellenistic
or Greek society.
538
00:32:05,958 --> 00:32:08,202
Four were Portuguese maps.
539
00:32:08,236 --> 00:32:11,308
One was an Arabic map
and one was drawn by
540
00:32:11,343 --> 00:32:13,897
Christopher Columbus himself.
541
00:32:13,932 --> 00:32:17,349
It was considered a
very accurate map.
542
00:32:18,522 --> 00:32:21,180
But here is where
the map gets weird.
543
00:32:21,215 --> 00:32:23,631
Along with depicting
Africa, South America
544
00:32:23,665 --> 00:32:26,254
and various islands accurately,
545
00:32:26,289 --> 00:32:31,190
it appears to show
Antarctica with no ice caps.
546
00:32:31,225 --> 00:32:36,230
Antarctica as it would have
looked over 6,000 years ago.
547
00:32:37,679 --> 00:32:41,821
Antarctica has been covered
with ice for over 6,000 years
548
00:32:41,856 --> 00:32:43,754
and no one has sailed
around the planet
549
00:32:43,789 --> 00:32:45,929
before it froze over.
550
00:32:45,964 --> 00:32:49,105
So how could a map
referenced from older maps,
551
00:32:49,139 --> 00:32:52,522
have depicted the
continent so accurately?
552
00:32:54,696 --> 00:32:57,837
Modern satellite mapping which
can peer through the ice,
553
00:32:57,872 --> 00:33:01,048
confirms the map is accurate.
554
00:33:01,082 --> 00:33:03,774
It correctly shows the
outline of Antarctica
555
00:33:03,809 --> 00:33:06,398
as it is under the ice.
556
00:33:06,432 --> 00:33:07,986
Peri had referenced a map that
557
00:33:08,020 --> 00:33:11,782
displayed Antarctica correctly.
558
00:33:11,817 --> 00:33:13,957
So where did that map come from?
559
00:33:15,614 --> 00:33:18,720
Who would have known
in 1513 that Antarctica
560
00:33:18,755 --> 00:33:23,760
is a continent and not just
a huge landscape of ice?
561
00:33:24,933 --> 00:33:27,488
Who could have mapped
it over 6,000 years ago
562
00:33:27,522 --> 00:33:31,526
when no one could see it
and tell it was a continent?
563
00:33:32,389 --> 00:33:33,666
No one knows.
564
00:33:33,701 --> 00:33:35,323
It's a huge mystery.
565
00:33:35,358 --> 00:33:39,120
And now you have a new
map to ponder over.
566
00:33:45,920 --> 00:33:48,474
[spooky music]
567
00:34:00,003 --> 00:34:02,971
If you take a tube of
copper, a rod of iron,
568
00:34:03,006 --> 00:34:04,973
and put them in a clay
pot filled with juice
569
00:34:05,008 --> 00:34:09,323
or some acidic liquid,
do you know what you get?
570
00:34:09,357 --> 00:34:11,221
A battery that's what.
571
00:34:11,256 --> 00:34:13,879
Kind of like the potato
clock novelty science toys
572
00:34:13,913 --> 00:34:18,918
you can buy, the clay pot
battery will actually work.
573
00:34:20,196 --> 00:34:22,163
Man has known about electricity
since old Ben Franklin
574
00:34:22,198 --> 00:34:25,615
flew a kite in a storm,
or so we are told.
575
00:34:25,649 --> 00:34:28,963
What if batteries were
around centuries ago?
576
00:34:28,997 --> 00:34:31,276
Well apparently they were.
577
00:34:31,310 --> 00:34:32,553
Or so it seems.
578
00:34:33,726 --> 00:34:36,177
The Baghdad Battery is
a set of three artifacts
579
00:34:36,212 --> 00:34:38,283
which were found together.
580
00:34:38,317 --> 00:34:42,873
A ceramic pot, a tube of
copper, and a rod of iron.
581
00:34:42,908 --> 00:34:45,048
It was discovered
in modern Iraq,
582
00:34:45,083 --> 00:34:47,637
close to the capital
of the Parthian empire
583
00:34:47,671 --> 00:34:51,123
from around 250 BC
and it is considered
584
00:34:51,158 --> 00:34:54,057
to date from that period.
585
00:34:54,092 --> 00:34:56,542
Its origin and
purpose remain unclear
586
00:34:56,577 --> 00:35:00,408
and further evidence is needed
to explain it's purpose.
587
00:35:00,443 --> 00:35:02,686
It was hypothesized
by some researchers
588
00:35:02,721 --> 00:35:06,587
that the object functioned
as a galvanic cell,
589
00:35:06,621 --> 00:35:09,486
or battery, possibly
used for electroplating,
590
00:35:09,521 --> 00:35:12,351
or some kind of electrotherapy,
591
00:35:12,386 --> 00:35:16,079
but there is no
electrocauterized objects
592
00:35:16,114 --> 00:35:17,874
known from this period.
593
00:35:17,908 --> 00:35:20,152
An alternative explanation
is that it functioned
594
00:35:20,187 --> 00:35:23,914
as a storage vessel
for sacred scrolls.
595
00:35:25,709 --> 00:35:28,367
The battery has
been proven to work.
596
00:35:28,402 --> 00:35:30,404
And on the modern
program Mythbusters,
597
00:35:30,438 --> 00:35:33,924
several were linked together
to produce four volts,
598
00:35:33,959 --> 00:35:37,100
enough to barely
electroplate with.
599
00:35:37,135 --> 00:35:38,791
Some researchers
believe four volts is
600
00:35:38,826 --> 00:35:41,691
not enough to be useful
for electroplating
601
00:35:41,725 --> 00:35:43,762
but it could have been
used for some kind of
602
00:35:43,796 --> 00:35:47,455
mild electrotherapy
such as pain relief.
603
00:35:47,490 --> 00:35:50,631
Possibly through
electroacupuncture.
604
00:35:52,529 --> 00:35:55,946
What it was used
for is the mystery.
605
00:35:55,981 --> 00:36:00,537
That it was real and did
exist is not a question.
606
00:36:00,572 --> 00:36:04,921
An over 2,000 year-old
battery makes you wonder
607
00:36:04,955 --> 00:36:09,615
if it keeps going and going
and going and going and going.
608
00:36:15,034 --> 00:36:17,692
[dynamic music]
609
00:36:24,665 --> 00:36:27,633
Finding odd combinations
of things is the norm
610
00:36:27,668 --> 00:36:29,083
in archeology.
611
00:36:29,117 --> 00:36:31,154
It wouldn't be too uncommon
to find an old hammer
612
00:36:31,189 --> 00:36:33,743
with it's handle still intact.
613
00:36:33,777 --> 00:36:35,710
But what if you found a
hammer encased in rock
614
00:36:35,745 --> 00:36:39,990
over 100 million years old.
615
00:36:41,406 --> 00:36:45,168
In the 1930's in the city of
London, near Red Creek, Texas,
616
00:36:45,203 --> 00:36:49,724
an iron hammer was discovered
embedded in a rock.
617
00:36:49,759 --> 00:36:51,243
How did it get there?
618
00:36:51,278 --> 00:36:52,831
The hammer had to
have been build before
619
00:36:52,865 --> 00:36:57,215
the rock was formed, hundreds
of millions of years ago.
620
00:36:59,596 --> 00:37:02,289
According to analysis, the
rock enveloping the tool
621
00:37:02,323 --> 00:37:05,257
was dated to the Ordovician Era.
622
00:37:05,292 --> 00:37:08,536
More than 400 million years old.
623
00:37:08,571 --> 00:37:11,229
While the hammer itself is
thought to be much older,
624
00:37:11,263 --> 00:37:14,818
dating back 500 million years.
625
00:37:14,853 --> 00:37:17,338
The wooden handle of
the hammer is so old,
626
00:37:17,373 --> 00:37:20,997
that it has begun
to turn into coal.
627
00:37:21,031 --> 00:37:23,275
That's one very old tool.
628
00:37:23,310 --> 00:37:26,105
It was determined
that the hammer's head
629
00:37:26,140 --> 00:37:29,695
is made of 97% pure ion,
2% chlorine and 1% sulfur.
630
00:37:32,974 --> 00:37:35,908
In the 80 or so years since
the hammer was unearthed,
631
00:37:35,943 --> 00:37:40,223
the metal object has not
shown any signs of rust,
632
00:37:40,258 --> 00:37:43,122
making it a unique
blend of metallurgy
633
00:37:43,157 --> 00:37:45,746
that some claim to
be a lost technology
634
00:37:45,780 --> 00:37:48,956
from an ancient civilization.
635
00:37:48,990 --> 00:37:52,753
Both researchers and historians
are divided into two camps
636
00:37:52,787 --> 00:37:55,134
in respect to the finding.
637
00:37:55,169 --> 00:37:57,758
With one arguing that
the artifact is proof
638
00:37:57,792 --> 00:38:01,313
prehistoric cultures
existed long before
639
00:38:01,348 --> 00:38:03,108
what history books tell us.
640
00:38:03,142 --> 00:38:05,835
And the other is
denying the possibility.
641
00:38:06,974 --> 00:38:08,976
Could this strange
object be evidence of
642
00:38:09,010 --> 00:38:12,220
a civilization pre-dating
what is known in
643
00:38:12,255 --> 00:38:15,500
our modern understanding
of history?
644
00:38:15,534 --> 00:38:17,156
Who made the hammer?
645
00:38:17,191 --> 00:38:21,264
And who used it 500
million years ago?
646
00:38:21,299 --> 00:38:24,198
That is some
serious hammer time.
647
00:38:41,111 --> 00:38:43,597
[eerie music]
648
00:38:54,539 --> 00:38:57,576
It seems every day
science is pushing back
649
00:38:57,611 --> 00:39:01,373
the date man become
an intellectual being.
650
00:39:01,408 --> 00:39:04,549
Gobekli Tepe sits in
a plateau in Turkey
651
00:39:04,583 --> 00:39:08,311
and is around 20,000 years old.
652
00:39:08,346 --> 00:39:12,177
20,000 years ago man is
supposed to be eeking out
653
00:39:12,211 --> 00:39:14,386
a living with sticks and clubs.
654
00:39:14,421 --> 00:39:17,700
Yet here is a complex
arrangement of statues.
655
00:39:17,734 --> 00:39:20,461
Some many tons in
weight with carvings
656
00:39:20,496 --> 00:39:23,568
of animals and other symbols.
657
00:39:23,602 --> 00:39:27,365
Gobekli Tepe includes
two phases of use
658
00:39:27,399 --> 00:39:29,505
believed to be of
social or ritual nature
659
00:39:29,539 --> 00:39:33,647
dating back to the
10th millennium BC.
660
00:39:33,681 --> 00:39:35,131
During the first phase,
661
00:39:35,165 --> 00:39:37,616
belonging to the
Pre-Pottery Neolithic,
662
00:39:37,651 --> 00:39:42,276
circles of massive T-shaped
stone pillars were erected.
663
00:39:42,310 --> 00:39:45,313
The world's oldest
known megaliths.
664
00:39:45,348 --> 00:39:49,007
More than 200 pillars
in about 20 circles
665
00:39:49,041 --> 00:39:53,011
are currently known through
geophysical surveys.
666
00:39:53,045 --> 00:39:55,600
Each pillar has a
height of up to 20 feet
667
00:39:55,634 --> 00:39:58,534
and weighs up to 10 tons.
668
00:39:58,568 --> 00:40:00,018
They're fitted into
sockets that were
669
00:40:00,052 --> 00:40:02,917
hewn out of the bedrock.
670
00:40:02,952 --> 00:40:04,436
In the second phase,
belonging to the
671
00:40:04,471 --> 00:40:08,544
Pre-Pottery Neolithic, the
erected pillars are smaller
672
00:40:08,578 --> 00:40:13,583
and stood in rectangular rooms
with floors of polished lime.
673
00:40:14,791 --> 00:40:17,311
Pretty sophisticated
for cavemen, right?
674
00:40:18,968 --> 00:40:22,661
The details of the structures
function remain a mystery.
675
00:40:22,696 --> 00:40:24,732
It was excavated by
a German archeologist
676
00:40:24,767 --> 00:40:28,805
under the direction of
Klaus Schmidt from 1996
677
00:40:28,840 --> 00:40:31,670
until his death in 2014.
678
00:40:31,705 --> 00:40:34,155
Schmidt believed that
the site was a sanctuary
679
00:40:34,190 --> 00:40:37,814
where people from a wide-region
periodically congregated.
680
00:40:37,849 --> 00:40:38,884
Not a settlement.
681
00:40:40,783 --> 00:40:43,337
The structures not
only pre-date pottery,
682
00:40:43,371 --> 00:40:46,789
metallurgy and the invention
of writing or the wheel,
683
00:40:46,823 --> 00:40:49,308
but they were built
before the so-called
684
00:40:49,343 --> 00:40:53,002
Neolithic Revolution
that marks the beginning
685
00:40:53,036 --> 00:40:55,970
of agriculture and
animal husbandry.
686
00:40:56,005 --> 00:40:59,457
Around 9000 BC.
687
00:40:59,491 --> 00:41:02,114
The construction of
Gobekli Tepe implies
688
00:41:02,149 --> 00:41:04,807
organization of
an advanced order,
689
00:41:04,841 --> 00:41:08,500
not associated with
Paleolithic society.
690
00:41:08,535 --> 00:41:10,640
However, archeologists
estimate that up to
691
00:41:10,675 --> 00:41:13,885
500 persons were
required to exact
692
00:41:13,919 --> 00:41:16,715
the heavy pillars
from local quarries
693
00:41:16,750 --> 00:41:21,755
and move them 330 to
1640 feet to the site.
694
00:41:22,928 --> 00:41:25,552
The pillars weigh
10 to 20 metric tons
695
00:41:25,586 --> 00:41:29,763
with one still in the
quarry weighing 50 tons.
696
00:41:30,902 --> 00:41:33,456
The site continues
to perplex scientists
697
00:41:33,491 --> 00:41:36,735
and raise more questions
than it answers.
698
00:41:36,770 --> 00:41:39,669
It's the oldest monolithic
site on the planet
699
00:41:39,704 --> 00:41:43,949
as of today, pre-dating
everything else.
700
00:41:43,984 --> 00:41:48,402
It absolutely could not
have been built and crafted
701
00:41:48,436 --> 00:41:50,438
by Neolithic man.
702
00:41:56,272 --> 00:41:58,895
[beating music]
703
00:42:06,627 --> 00:42:09,492
Giant walls are built
to keep people out,
704
00:42:09,527 --> 00:42:11,563
or keep people in.
705
00:42:11,598 --> 00:42:14,739
They are barriers, usually
built for political reasons
706
00:42:14,773 --> 00:42:19,778
to hold off an invading army
or a group of unwanted people.
707
00:42:20,986 --> 00:42:22,436
In some cases, they may
be used to house people
708
00:42:22,470 --> 00:42:24,783
or protect animals.
709
00:42:24,818 --> 00:42:28,062
In any case, a wall is
something of a huge discovery
710
00:42:28,097 --> 00:42:29,926
in archeology.
711
00:42:31,341 --> 00:42:34,759
If you ever find yourself
driving through Rockwall, Texas,
712
00:42:34,793 --> 00:42:38,935
you may ask yourself why
this suburb of Dallas
713
00:42:38,970 --> 00:42:40,799
is called Rockwall.
714
00:42:40,834 --> 00:42:42,974
Well there is an
ancient wall there.
715
00:42:43,008 --> 00:42:47,565
You can't see it because
it's buried but it's there.
716
00:42:47,599 --> 00:42:51,361
For over 160 years, scientists
have claimed the wall
717
00:42:51,396 --> 00:42:55,227
is nothing more than
a natural formation.
718
00:42:55,262 --> 00:42:57,816
Most people living
in Rockwall, Texas,
719
00:42:57,851 --> 00:43:00,336
do not even know that
their city is named
720
00:43:00,370 --> 00:43:03,684
after an ancient rock wall
city complete with the skull
721
00:43:03,719 --> 00:43:06,929
of a giant that was
found while some people
722
00:43:06,963 --> 00:43:11,658
were digging a well looking
for water a long time ago.
723
00:43:11,692 --> 00:43:14,626
The wall is an almost
perfect rectangle,
724
00:43:14,661 --> 00:43:17,318
four miles wide,
and seven miles,
725
00:43:17,353 --> 00:43:19,873
encompassing more than
20 square miles long
726
00:43:19,907 --> 00:43:22,634
with most of the
wall being buried.
727
00:43:22,669 --> 00:43:26,431
The top of the wall
at all outcroppings
728
00:43:26,465 --> 00:43:31,436
found to date have a uniform
elevation of 550 feet
729
00:43:31,470 --> 00:43:33,231
above mean sea level.
730
00:43:35,267 --> 00:43:37,753
Mary Pattie [Wade] Gibson,
is the granddaughter
731
00:43:37,787 --> 00:43:40,859
of T.U. Wade,
founder of the wall
732
00:43:40,894 --> 00:43:44,483
at the Rockwall County
Historical Foundation.
733
00:43:44,518 --> 00:43:46,244
She described the
additional digging
734
00:43:46,278 --> 00:43:50,144
her grandfather and other
men did at the home site.
735
00:43:51,939 --> 00:43:54,424
In her description
were cubicles or rooms
736
00:43:54,459 --> 00:43:57,980
constructed of stone which
you could walk through
737
00:43:58,014 --> 00:44:00,983
and would reach a corridor
which seemed to run
738
00:44:01,017 --> 00:44:03,433
in a direction into the
hill that the town square
739
00:44:03,468 --> 00:44:04,987
sits upon.
740
00:44:06,574 --> 00:44:10,682
She told of an incident in
1906 of two unidentified men
741
00:44:10,717 --> 00:44:13,409
digging out the corridor
which had apparently
742
00:44:13,443 --> 00:44:15,687
been filled with erosion.
743
00:44:15,722 --> 00:44:18,552
Their intent was to reach a
room or cavity under the town
744
00:44:18,586 --> 00:44:20,761
which might be full of gold,
745
00:44:20,796 --> 00:44:24,627
apparently derived from a
story from Indian legend.
746
00:44:25,939 --> 00:44:28,010
The ceiling of the
corridor had steep slopes,
747
00:44:28,044 --> 00:44:31,323
describing a Gothic
type arched ceiling,
748
00:44:31,358 --> 00:44:33,843
much like the Mayans built.
749
00:44:33,878 --> 00:44:36,812
And the further into the
corridor the two men excavated,
750
00:44:36,846 --> 00:44:39,987
the steeper the slope
of the ceiling became.
751
00:44:40,022 --> 00:44:43,301
Consequently, the men fearful
of a structural failure
752
00:44:43,335 --> 00:44:46,062
abandoned their search for gold.
753
00:44:48,651 --> 00:44:50,826
Mary Pattie Gibson
also says that during
754
00:44:50,860 --> 00:44:54,105
her grandfather's
exploration of the wall,
755
00:44:54,139 --> 00:44:58,488
he discovered on the outside,
the wall went straight down.
756
00:44:58,523 --> 00:45:01,526
On the inside she described
the wall going down
757
00:45:01,560 --> 00:45:06,324
to about forty feet, curves
inward and becomes much thicker.
758
00:45:07,532 --> 00:45:09,741
Additional information
provided by the daughter
759
00:45:09,776 --> 00:45:14,263
of the late Mr Deweese, an
early settler of Rockwall,
760
00:45:14,297 --> 00:45:17,300
who described a doorway
with a diagonal shaped stone
761
00:45:17,335 --> 00:45:21,995
in the wall at the Wade
residence on Highway 66.
762
00:45:22,029 --> 00:45:25,895
This portion of the wall was
open to visitors from 1936
763
00:45:25,930 --> 00:45:28,208
until the late 1940's,
764
00:45:28,242 --> 00:45:30,210
and was consequently back filled
765
00:45:30,244 --> 00:45:33,420
because of dangerous
structural conditions.
766
00:45:37,804 --> 00:45:41,808
In 1949, a Mr Sanders
of Fort Worth, Texas,
767
00:45:41,842 --> 00:45:44,742
did an excavation of the wall.
768
00:45:44,776 --> 00:45:48,780
From this excavation four
large stones were brought up
769
00:45:48,815 --> 00:45:52,577
with the largest weighing
approximately two tons.
770
00:45:52,611 --> 00:45:55,166
On these stones were
found inscriptions
771
00:45:55,200 --> 00:45:58,376
with what appear
to be pictographs.
772
00:45:58,410 --> 00:46:02,242
The Dallas Morning News
on the 5 November 1967
773
00:46:02,276 --> 00:46:05,314
reported that "Back
in the 1920's,
774
00:46:05,348 --> 00:46:09,387
T.H. Meredith said a
well was dug on his farm
775
00:46:09,421 --> 00:46:11,941
just east of the
town of Rockwall,
776
00:46:11,976 --> 00:46:14,910
and Mr Meredith declared
that the digging
777
00:46:14,944 --> 00:46:17,809
went along side a
masonry wall which seemed
778
00:46:17,844 --> 00:46:21,744
to have an arch over
a doorway or window."
779
00:46:21,779 --> 00:46:23,470
Metal rings were
found at the site
780
00:46:23,504 --> 00:46:26,784
which was composed of
tin, titanium and iron,
781
00:46:26,818 --> 00:46:28,889
embedded in the rock.
782
00:46:30,822 --> 00:46:34,343
You can see it in this photo
just above the pick axe.
783
00:46:36,897 --> 00:46:39,935
Of course all this
material, and the skull,
784
00:46:39,969 --> 00:46:42,385
have been lost and
much of the wall today
785
00:46:42,420 --> 00:46:44,422
cannot be seen.
786
00:46:44,456 --> 00:46:48,564
It's also unlikely any modern
excavations will happen,
787
00:46:48,598 --> 00:46:52,671
because the town has grown
and is now an urban section
788
00:46:52,706 --> 00:46:54,156
next to Dallas.
789
00:46:54,190 --> 00:46:56,192
But if you drive
through Rockwall, Texas,
790
00:46:56,227 --> 00:46:59,540
you can think about
what mysteries may lie
791
00:46:59,575 --> 00:47:03,130
just a few feet below your car.
792
00:47:09,481 --> 00:47:11,967
[eerie music]
793
00:47:25,083 --> 00:47:26,395
Giant skulls.
794
00:47:26,429 --> 00:47:27,637
Really?
795
00:47:27,672 --> 00:47:29,225
What's up with that?
796
00:47:29,260 --> 00:47:32,366
The truth is, giant
skulls are very real.
797
00:47:32,401 --> 00:47:35,024
And have been found world-wide.
798
00:47:35,059 --> 00:47:36,888
First let me warn you
that there are a bunch
799
00:47:36,923 --> 00:47:40,754
of fake giant skull photos
floating around the internet.
800
00:47:40,788 --> 00:47:42,894
So if you see one,
do your own research
801
00:47:42,929 --> 00:47:45,793
and determine if
it is real or fake.
802
00:47:45,828 --> 00:47:47,795
You see, there was a
contest not long ago,
803
00:47:47,830 --> 00:47:51,075
to make giant skull
images in Photoshop,
804
00:47:51,109 --> 00:47:54,872
and all of those contest
entries are out there
805
00:47:54,906 --> 00:47:57,805
now being mixed up
with the real ones.
806
00:47:57,840 --> 00:47:59,669
So let's take a
look at the reality
807
00:47:59,704 --> 00:48:02,810
versus the misinformation.
808
00:48:33,082 --> 00:48:34,566
Your first question may be,
809
00:48:34,601 --> 00:48:38,053
why is it so hard to find
real giant skull photos?
810
00:48:38,087 --> 00:48:39,675
Well the reason is simple.
811
00:48:39,709 --> 00:48:41,021
Under the
812
00:48:41,056 --> 00:48:44,093
Native American Graves
Protection and Repatriation Act,
813
00:48:44,128 --> 00:48:46,302
a federal law was passed in 1990
814
00:48:46,337 --> 00:48:49,305
requiring Native American
artifacts and remains
815
00:48:49,340 --> 00:48:52,930
to be handled over to
culturally affiliated tribes
816
00:48:52,964 --> 00:48:56,692
or provable descendants
and then reburied.
817
00:48:56,726 --> 00:49:00,765
The few skulls that remain
in anthropological facilities
818
00:49:00,799 --> 00:49:04,044
cannot be photographed
under this law.
819
00:49:04,079 --> 00:49:06,805
So all photos of the
existence of giant skulls
820
00:49:06,840 --> 00:49:09,532
were taken before 1990.
821
00:49:10,706 --> 00:49:12,087
The other issue is
that because giants
822
00:49:12,121 --> 00:49:14,261
didn't fit the
religious criteria
823
00:49:14,296 --> 00:49:17,230
of early explorers
and researchers,
824
00:49:17,264 --> 00:49:20,509
they were often dismissed
or even destroyed.
825
00:49:20,543 --> 00:49:23,339
Many were sent to the
Smithsonian and subsequently
826
00:49:23,374 --> 00:49:27,550
destroyed by the curator,
who back in the early 1930's
827
00:49:27,585 --> 00:49:30,036
thought it was against
his beliefs and didn't fit
828
00:49:30,070 --> 00:49:33,798
his personal
anthropology theories.
829
00:49:33,832 --> 00:49:38,837
So, let's take a look at
some real giant skulls.
830
00:49:41,323 --> 00:49:44,153
[whimsical music]
831
00:51:10,584 --> 00:51:13,173
[spooky music]
832
00:51:18,109 --> 00:51:20,284
These are not isolated accounts.
833
00:51:20,318 --> 00:51:22,907
There are literally
hundreds of reports
834
00:51:22,941 --> 00:51:24,115
around the turn of the century
835
00:51:24,150 --> 00:51:27,394
describing large
bones and skulls.
836
00:51:27,429 --> 00:51:31,018
Many from accredited
newspapers and doctors.
837
00:51:31,053 --> 00:51:32,710
So why the mystery?
838
00:51:32,744 --> 00:51:35,368
Well, even today many
scientists refuse to look
839
00:51:35,402 --> 00:51:37,404
at the evidence because
they would have to
840
00:51:37,439 --> 00:51:40,235
rewrite the history
books and include
841
00:51:40,269 --> 00:51:43,134
a giant civilization
in North America
842
00:51:43,169 --> 00:51:47,725
which apparently was here long
before the Native Americans.
843
00:51:47,759 --> 00:51:50,452
And existed up to colonization.
844
00:51:51,936 --> 00:51:54,870
Skulls and bones found around
the world, corroborate this.
845
00:51:56,837 --> 00:51:58,839
With the lack of
physical evidence,
846
00:51:58,874 --> 00:52:01,566
and the mystery surrounding
many of these finds,
847
00:52:01,601 --> 00:52:04,535
science just can't be bothered
to take a serious look
848
00:52:04,569 --> 00:52:06,192
at the obvious.
849
00:52:07,641 --> 00:52:11,128
Our only hope is that some
time in the near future,
850
00:52:11,162 --> 00:52:14,441
someone somewhere
digs up a new find
851
00:52:14,476 --> 00:52:18,687
and is wise enough to
photograph and document it
852
00:52:18,721 --> 00:52:21,655
before it can be taken away.
853
00:52:29,594 --> 00:52:32,252
[dynamic music]
854
00:52:41,986 --> 00:52:45,852
In a mysterious pyramid in
China's Qinghai Providence
855
00:52:45,886 --> 00:52:48,717
near Mount Baigong
are three caves
856
00:52:48,751 --> 00:52:53,584
filled with pipes leading
to a nearby salt-water lake.
857
00:52:53,618 --> 00:52:57,967
There are also pipes under
the lake bed and on the shore.
858
00:52:58,002 --> 00:53:00,211
The iron pipes range in size,
859
00:53:00,246 --> 00:53:03,145
from some smaller
than a toothpick.
860
00:53:03,180 --> 00:53:08,185
The strangest part is that
they may be 150,000 years old.
861
00:53:12,775 --> 00:53:15,813
Dating done by the Beijing
Institute of Geology
862
00:53:15,847 --> 00:53:18,747
determined these iron
pipes were smelted
863
00:53:18,781 --> 00:53:22,371
about 150,000 years ago.
864
00:53:22,406 --> 00:53:25,236
If they were indeed
made by humans,
865
00:53:25,271 --> 00:53:28,239
according to Brian
Dunning of Skeptoid.com.
866
00:53:29,275 --> 00:53:31,242
And if they were made by humans,
867
00:53:31,277 --> 00:53:33,555
history as it is commonly viewed
868
00:53:33,589 --> 00:53:36,489
would have to be re-evaluated.
869
00:53:37,869 --> 00:53:41,148
The dating was done
using thermoluminescence.
870
00:53:41,183 --> 00:53:43,220
A technique that
determines how long ago
871
00:53:43,254 --> 00:53:48,225
crystalline mineral was
exposed to sunlight or heated.
872
00:53:49,709 --> 00:53:51,366
Humans are only thought to
have inhabited the region
873
00:53:51,400 --> 00:53:53,644
for the past 30,000 years.
874
00:53:53,678 --> 00:53:55,818
Even with the known
history of the area,
875
00:53:55,853 --> 00:53:59,546
the only humans to inhabit
the region were nomads
876
00:53:59,581 --> 00:54:04,482
whose lifestyle would not leave
any such structures behind.
877
00:54:06,346 --> 00:54:09,038
Though some have since
tried to explain the pipes
878
00:54:09,073 --> 00:54:11,627
as a natural
phenomenon, Yang Ji,
879
00:54:11,662 --> 00:54:15,562
a research fellow at the Chinese
Academy of Social Sciences,
880
00:54:15,597 --> 00:54:17,668
told that the
pyramid may have been
881
00:54:17,702 --> 00:54:19,980
built by intelligent beings.
882
00:54:20,015 --> 00:54:23,881
He did not dismiss the theory
that ancient extraterrestrials
883
00:54:23,915 --> 00:54:26,953
may be responsible,
saying this theory is
884
00:54:26,987 --> 00:54:29,645
"understandable and
worth looking into ...
885
00:54:29,680 --> 00:54:32,338
but scientific means
must be employed
886
00:54:32,372 --> 00:54:35,375
to prove whether
or not it is true."
887
00:54:38,102 --> 00:54:41,312
Another theory is that it was
built by prehistoric humans
888
00:54:41,347 --> 00:54:46,317
with techniques lost to
humans of a later period.
889
00:54:47,456 --> 00:54:49,044
The pipes lead
into a salty lake,
890
00:54:49,078 --> 00:54:52,737
though a twin lake nearby
contains freshwater.
891
00:54:52,772 --> 00:54:55,775
The surrounding landscape
is strewn with what
892
00:54:55,809 --> 00:54:59,537
he describes as
"strangely shaped stones."
893
00:54:59,572 --> 00:55:02,540
Rocks protrude from the
ground like broken pillars.
894
00:55:03,990 --> 00:55:08,374
Who could have built a pipe
system 150,000 years ago?
895
00:55:09,513 --> 00:55:12,688
These are iron pipes,
not clay or rock.
896
00:55:12,723 --> 00:55:15,242
They would have had to
have been constructed.
897
00:55:15,277 --> 00:55:18,176
No one was smelting
iron that long ago
898
00:55:18,211 --> 00:55:21,352
according to our current
understanding of history.
899
00:55:21,387 --> 00:55:24,735
Is it possible that an
ancient race of people
900
00:55:24,769 --> 00:55:29,774
lived long before our
so-called historical timeline?
901
00:55:30,948 --> 00:55:32,363
If so, what other
artifacts exist
902
00:55:32,398 --> 00:55:35,159
that prove their existence?
903
00:55:44,893 --> 00:55:47,551
[dynamic music]
904
00:55:58,147 --> 00:56:01,392
Spheres found in the
mines of South Africa
905
00:56:01,427 --> 00:56:04,602
have piqued the curiosity
of researchers for decades.
906
00:56:04,637 --> 00:56:05,845
Why?
907
00:56:05,879 --> 00:56:08,641
Because they're 2.8
billion years old
908
00:56:08,675 --> 00:56:11,954
and appear to be manmade.
909
00:56:13,093 --> 00:56:14,716
According to Michael
Cremo and other
910
00:56:14,750 --> 00:56:17,270
researchers of
prehistoric culture,
911
00:56:17,304 --> 00:56:19,962
these spheres add to
a body of evidence
912
00:56:19,997 --> 00:56:23,621
suggesting intelligent
life existed on Earth
913
00:56:23,656 --> 00:56:28,661
long before a conventional view
of history places it there.
914
00:56:30,041 --> 00:56:32,250
Cremo has traveled the
world gathering information
915
00:56:32,285 --> 00:56:34,667
on out-of-place artifacts.
916
00:56:34,701 --> 00:56:38,015
He compiled his findings
in the popular book,
917
00:56:38,049 --> 00:56:43,054
Forbidden Archeology:The Hidden
History of the Human Race.
918
00:56:44,746 --> 00:56:48,335
In 1984, while
investigating the spheres,
919
00:56:48,370 --> 00:56:50,234
he contacted Roelf Marx,
920
00:56:50,268 --> 00:56:54,272
curator of the museum of
Klerksdorp, South Africa,
921
00:56:54,307 --> 00:56:57,379
where some of the
spheres are kept.
922
00:56:57,414 --> 00:56:59,519
Marx described the
spheres as being about
923
00:56:59,554 --> 00:57:03,868
2.8 billion years old,
with a very hard surface
924
00:57:03,903 --> 00:57:07,838
and a fibrous structure inside.
925
00:57:07,872 --> 00:57:10,427
He found them quite
strange and puzzling.
926
00:57:11,531 --> 00:57:13,706
Marx wrote, according to Cremo
927
00:57:13,740 --> 00:57:16,743
"There is nothing scientific
published about the globes,
928
00:57:16,778 --> 00:57:20,747
for the facts are, they
are found in pyrophyllite,
929
00:57:20,782 --> 00:57:23,750
which is mined near the
little town of Ottosdal
930
00:57:23,785 --> 00:57:25,683
in the Western Transvaal.
931
00:57:27,961 --> 00:57:30,377
Some of the so-called
Klerksdorp spheres
932
00:57:30,412 --> 00:57:34,796
are elliptical in shape with
rough edges around the center.
933
00:57:34,830 --> 00:57:37,971
But some are so balanced
in shape and proportion,
934
00:57:38,006 --> 00:57:40,215
and the grooves around
them look so straight
935
00:57:40,249 --> 00:57:42,804
and hand-carved,
it seems unlikely
936
00:57:42,838 --> 00:57:45,323
they were naturally formed.
937
00:57:47,809 --> 00:57:50,881
Proponents of the theory
say that the spheres
938
00:57:50,915 --> 00:57:53,573
were made by intelligent beings.
939
00:57:53,608 --> 00:57:56,576
Cremo, and others who
hold that these spheres
940
00:57:56,611 --> 00:57:59,579
are evidence of advanced
prehistoric civilizations,
941
00:57:59,614 --> 00:58:03,583
say mainstream science
needs to be bolder,
942
00:58:03,618 --> 00:58:05,516
and more willing to
acknowledge evidence
943
00:58:05,551 --> 00:58:09,486
that could contradict
dominant views.
944
00:58:10,866 --> 00:58:13,524
What was the purpose
of the spheres?
945
00:58:13,559 --> 00:58:18,564
And who was manufacturing
them 2.8 billion years ago?
946
00:58:25,571 --> 00:58:28,263
[vibrant music]
947
00:58:39,205 --> 00:58:42,104
Women today carry a purse.
948
00:58:42,139 --> 00:58:44,417
It's part of our modern culture.
949
00:58:44,451 --> 00:58:47,662
Men wear backpacks
and carry a wallet.
950
00:58:47,696 --> 00:58:51,251
We have bags for pretty
much everything today.
951
00:58:51,286 --> 00:58:53,150
One of the more
mysterious symbols
952
00:58:53,184 --> 00:58:55,946
that has been found
in ancient carvings,
953
00:58:55,980 --> 00:59:00,675
is an image that looks
uncannily like a handbag.
954
00:59:00,709 --> 00:59:03,540
The shape appears in
depictions made by the
955
00:59:03,574 --> 00:59:07,992
Sumerians in Iraq, in the ruins
of ancient Turkish temples,
956
00:59:08,027 --> 00:59:11,617
in decorations of the
Maori of New Zealand,
957
00:59:11,651 --> 00:59:15,517
and in crafts made by the
Olmecs of Central America.
958
00:59:16,898 --> 00:59:20,695
Handbags can be seen in
the art of various cultures
959
00:59:20,729 --> 00:59:23,352
from around the world
and throughout time,
960
00:59:23,387 --> 00:59:26,217
with the first known
instance of a handbag
961
00:59:26,252 --> 00:59:30,187
appearing at the
end of the Ice Age.
962
00:59:30,221 --> 00:59:33,604
What is this mysterious
symbol that can be found
963
00:59:33,639 --> 00:59:35,986
throughout the ancient world?
964
00:59:36,020 --> 00:59:38,609
The handbag image is so called
965
00:59:38,644 --> 00:59:43,372
because it looks very similar
to the modern-day purse.
966
00:59:43,407 --> 00:59:47,618
The objects typically feature
a rounded handle-like top
967
00:59:47,653 --> 00:59:49,516
and a rectangular bottom,
968
00:59:49,551 --> 00:59:53,279
and may include varying
degrees of additional details
969
00:59:53,313 --> 00:59:55,074
of texture or pattern.
970
00:59:56,489 --> 00:59:59,803
The images sometimes appear
as stand-alone objects.
971
00:59:59,837 --> 01:00:02,771
Sometimes they are depicted
in the hand of a person,
972
01:00:02,806 --> 01:00:06,395
a god, or mythical being
in a manner similar
973
01:00:06,430 --> 01:00:08,846
to how one would hold a basket.
974
01:00:12,988 --> 01:00:17,510
One of the earliest instances
of the handbag motif
975
01:00:17,544 --> 01:00:21,203
can be seen in the
ruins of Gobekli Tepe,
976
01:00:21,238 --> 01:00:25,035
located at the top of a mountain
range in southeast Turkey.
977
01:00:25,069 --> 01:00:28,797
Dating back to
approximately 11,000 BC,
978
01:00:28,832 --> 01:00:31,524
Gobekli Tepe is
one of the oldest
979
01:00:31,558 --> 01:00:34,665
temple complexes
ever discovered.
980
01:00:34,700 --> 01:00:38,082
The exact purpose of the
mountain sanctuary is unknown,
981
01:00:38,117 --> 01:00:41,707
however, it appears that
the temple may have served
982
01:00:41,741 --> 01:00:44,813
as a site for
religious sacrifices.
983
01:00:44,848 --> 01:00:47,022
The walls and
pillars of the temple
984
01:00:47,057 --> 01:00:50,163
were decorated with
finely carved animal gods,
985
01:00:50,198 --> 01:00:53,028
and mythical creatures,
perhaps in an effort
986
01:00:53,063 --> 01:00:56,756
to portray the many different
creations of the cosmos.
987
01:00:56,791 --> 01:01:01,209
Amidst these other carvings
are three handbags.
988
01:01:01,243 --> 01:01:03,832
Experts believe that
early religions worshiped
989
01:01:03,867 --> 01:01:07,249
the fundamental elements
of life on Earth.
990
01:01:07,284 --> 01:01:10,425
Therefore, the three
Gobekli Tepe handbags,
991
01:01:10,459 --> 01:01:13,359
taken as an early
form of those icons,
992
01:01:13,393 --> 01:01:18,398
could be said to symbolically
define the site as a temple.
993
01:01:19,468 --> 01:01:21,885
Elsewhere, the
handbag image shows up
994
01:01:21,919 --> 01:01:25,509
with striking similarities
in two stone reliefs.
995
01:01:25,543 --> 01:01:28,995
One made by the
Assyrians of ancient Iraq
996
01:01:29,030 --> 01:01:33,828
sometime between 880
to 859 BC and the other
997
01:01:33,862 --> 01:01:37,072
made by the Olmecs of
ancient Mesoamerica
998
01:01:37,107 --> 01:01:42,043
sometime between
1200 and 400 BC.
999
01:01:42,077 --> 01:01:44,286
In both of these images,
a man-like figure
1000
01:01:44,321 --> 01:01:46,875
carries the handbag in his hand,
1001
01:01:46,910 --> 01:01:49,844
as if it were a basket or purse.
1002
01:01:49,878 --> 01:01:52,985
When used in Assyrian
art it is said
1003
01:01:53,019 --> 01:01:55,746
the purse holds magic dust.
1004
01:01:55,781 --> 01:01:58,473
When depicted in Olmec
art they postulate
1005
01:01:58,507 --> 01:02:01,476
that it contains herbs
for getting high.
1006
01:02:02,649 --> 01:02:04,306
This suggests that the
handbag may have been
1007
01:02:04,341 --> 01:02:07,068
a standard of measurement
uniquely discovered
1008
01:02:07,102 --> 01:02:09,346
by both cultures.
1009
01:02:10,796 --> 01:02:14,109
In any case, these handbags
appear on statues and reliefs
1010
01:02:14,144 --> 01:02:16,802
all around the world.
1011
01:02:16,836 --> 01:02:18,735
And are very similar.
1012
01:02:18,769 --> 01:02:20,219
What were they?
1013
01:02:20,253 --> 01:02:21,876
What did they contain?
1014
01:02:21,910 --> 01:02:24,741
And why was it important
to depict this symbol
1015
01:02:24,775 --> 01:02:28,952
in statues and art
thousands of years ago?
1016
01:02:35,061 --> 01:02:37,754
[vibrant music]
1017
01:02:50,249 --> 01:02:53,700
The Stone of the South
at Baalbek, Lebanon,
1018
01:02:53,735 --> 01:02:57,221
is the largest worked
monolith on Earth.
1019
01:02:57,256 --> 01:03:01,847
Weighing in at a
staggering 1242 tons.
1020
01:03:03,331 --> 01:03:06,713
It is even heavier than the
Stone of the Pregnant Woman
1021
01:03:06,748 --> 01:03:09,509
which weighs an
estimated 1000 tons,
1022
01:03:09,544 --> 01:03:12,996
that sits on the other side
of the road in the quarry.
1023
01:03:14,135 --> 01:03:15,792
Neither of these stones
made it to the main
1024
01:03:15,826 --> 01:03:20,555
Temple of Jupiter, some 900
meters to the northeast.
1025
01:03:20,589 --> 01:03:24,870
But some 400-ton and 800-ton
stones did make their way
1026
01:03:24,904 --> 01:03:29,081
to the temple, were raised
20 feet in to the air
1027
01:03:29,115 --> 01:03:31,946
and were placed with
machine-like precision
1028
01:03:31,980 --> 01:03:36,813
onto the foundations of
this mighty ancient complex.
1029
01:03:40,230 --> 01:03:43,681
Janine Abdel Massih
and her team uncovered
1030
01:03:43,716 --> 01:03:46,857
a further monolith that
sits virtually underneath
1031
01:03:46,892 --> 01:03:49,377
The Stone of the Pregnant Woman.
1032
01:03:50,792 --> 01:03:53,036
Until recently, it was buried
under a few feet of dirt,
1033
01:03:53,070 --> 01:03:56,729
and has been measured
at 19.6 meters long,
1034
01:03:56,763 --> 01:04:01,699
6 meters wide and
5.5 meters thick.
1035
01:04:03,046 --> 01:04:04,530
Because they've not yet
reached the bottom of the rock
1036
01:04:04,564 --> 01:04:07,809
to completely clear it, they
have no idea of the volume
1037
01:04:07,844 --> 01:04:11,640
or complete dimension
of this ancient stone.
1038
01:04:11,675 --> 01:04:13,573
The outline of it can be seen,
1039
01:04:13,608 --> 01:04:14,989
and shows a kind of precision
1040
01:04:15,023 --> 01:04:18,475
we find in ancient
Peru and Egypt.
1041
01:04:18,509 --> 01:04:20,201
The discovery of
this new monolith,
1042
01:04:20,235 --> 01:04:24,377
just adds another level of
mystery to the situation,
1043
01:04:24,412 --> 01:04:28,726
as it sits virtually under The
Stone of the Pregnant Woman,
1044
01:04:28,761 --> 01:04:31,212
and would have had to
have been lifted out,
1045
01:04:31,246 --> 01:04:36,217
after this other
1000-ton block was moved.
1046
01:04:38,875 --> 01:04:41,912
Could Baalbek have been
constructed by giants?
1047
01:04:41,947 --> 01:04:44,881
It certainly appears to
have been built by giants
1048
01:04:44,915 --> 01:04:47,262
when trying to work out
how some of these stones
1049
01:04:47,297 --> 01:04:50,024
could have been
moved into place.
1050
01:04:50,058 --> 01:04:52,198
The western wall of
the Temple of Jupiter
1051
01:04:52,233 --> 01:04:54,304
contains some of
these immense blocks
1052
01:04:54,338 --> 01:04:57,065
that make up the trilithon,
1053
01:04:57,100 --> 01:05:00,172
at least twenty feet
above ground level.
1054
01:05:01,345 --> 01:05:03,865
So how could they have
got them from the quarry
1055
01:05:03,900 --> 01:05:08,042
to the main site, then
placed them so accurately?
1056
01:05:09,112 --> 01:05:10,734
The stones of Baalbek
are one of the
1057
01:05:10,768 --> 01:05:12,770
enduring mysteries of the ages,
1058
01:05:12,805 --> 01:05:15,773
and it does seem like
some special occult power
1059
01:05:15,808 --> 01:05:18,845
was employed to quarry,
lift and transport
1060
01:05:18,880 --> 01:05:20,502
these immense blocks.
1061
01:05:21,710 --> 01:05:24,368
Why they decided to
use stones of this size
1062
01:05:24,403 --> 01:05:27,371
has baffled researchers
for generations.
1063
01:05:27,406 --> 01:05:30,616
It would have been so much
easier to use smaller blocks
1064
01:05:30,650 --> 01:05:34,171
and put them
together at the site.
1065
01:05:34,206 --> 01:05:37,278
Perhaps if they were
giants then these stones
1066
01:05:37,312 --> 01:05:41,765
were not as large to
them as they are to us.
1067
01:05:41,799 --> 01:05:45,527
We may never know how
Baalbek was constructed.
1068
01:05:45,562 --> 01:05:47,288
One thing we do know is that we
1069
01:05:47,322 --> 01:05:51,154
cannot duplicate this endeavor.
1070
01:05:53,742 --> 01:05:56,469
[dramatic music]
1071
01:06:11,450 --> 01:06:13,797
How is it that the
Sumerians and Egyptians
1072
01:06:13,831 --> 01:06:18,664
rose to become
empires so quickly?
1073
01:06:18,698 --> 01:06:22,012
Ancient Egyptian
civilization emerged in the
1074
01:06:22,047 --> 01:06:25,188
fertile Nile Valley,
bounded on each side
1075
01:06:25,222 --> 01:06:27,017
by harsh deserts.
1076
01:06:27,052 --> 01:06:29,502
In Mesopotamia,
now southern Iraq,
1077
01:06:29,537 --> 01:06:32,195
the land between the Euphrates
and the Tigris rivers,
1078
01:06:32,229 --> 01:06:36,406
the first cities appeared
on irrigated lands.
1079
01:06:36,440 --> 01:06:38,373
Both resulted from
the consolidation
1080
01:06:38,408 --> 01:06:41,135
of political and economic power.
1081
01:06:42,032 --> 01:06:44,862
Before 3100 BC, the Nile Valley
1082
01:06:44,897 --> 01:06:48,245
held a series of
competitive kingdoms.
1083
01:06:48,280 --> 01:06:51,041
After centuries of
unsettled conditions,
1084
01:06:51,076 --> 01:06:54,044
Egypt became a unified
river valley state
1085
01:06:54,079 --> 01:06:58,014
under a leader named Narmer.
1086
01:06:58,048 --> 01:07:00,464
Sumerian civilization
in Mesopotamia
1087
01:07:00,499 --> 01:07:03,398
was a patchwork of
small city states,
1088
01:07:03,433 --> 01:07:05,711
each with their own
aggressive rulers
1089
01:07:05,745 --> 01:07:08,714
and patron gods or goddesses.
1090
01:07:08,748 --> 01:07:11,027
All depended on
irrigation agriculture
1091
01:07:11,061 --> 01:07:13,684
and highly centralized
government.
1092
01:07:15,134 --> 01:07:18,172
In the case of Egypt, the
pharaoh was supreme ruler,
1093
01:07:18,206 --> 01:07:20,933
thought to be a living god.
1094
01:07:20,967 --> 01:07:24,350
In Mesopotamia, city
rulers known as lugals
1095
01:07:24,385 --> 01:07:27,629
were considered to
have divine powers.
1096
01:07:27,664 --> 01:07:30,460
They were also skilled warriors.
1097
01:07:30,494 --> 01:07:32,807
Who were these Gods?
1098
01:07:32,841 --> 01:07:36,328
And how did they manage to
create such awesome empires
1099
01:07:36,362 --> 01:07:41,367
when man was supposed to be
little more than migrant nomads?
1100
01:07:42,782 --> 01:07:45,268
We know much about modern
history because these cultures
1101
01:07:45,302 --> 01:07:48,926
left stone tablets with writing.
1102
01:07:48,961 --> 01:07:51,170
Who taught these
people to write?
1103
01:07:51,205 --> 01:07:53,448
How to carve and
work with stone?
1104
01:07:53,483 --> 01:07:55,726
Some stones being
huge and heavy.
1105
01:07:55,761 --> 01:07:57,487
Where did they get
their knowledge
1106
01:07:57,521 --> 01:08:02,008
of mathematics and architecture?
1107
01:08:02,043 --> 01:08:04,494
Modern history marks
these two cultures
1108
01:08:04,528 --> 01:08:09,533
to be the beginning of what
we today call civilization.
1109
01:08:10,914 --> 01:08:12,950
Though there is now
emerging more evidence man
1110
01:08:12,985 --> 01:08:15,919
may have been
civilized long ago,
1111
01:08:15,953 --> 01:08:19,509
the Gods who ruled
and taught mankind,
1112
01:08:19,543 --> 01:08:24,307
apparently were
technologically advanced.
1113
01:08:24,341 --> 01:08:26,205
Could they have been aliens?
1114
01:08:26,240 --> 01:08:29,967
Or, is our history so
fragmented, we have no idea
1115
01:08:30,002 --> 01:08:34,110
how technology really began?
1116
01:08:40,909 --> 01:08:43,567
[dynamic music]
1117
01:08:55,579 --> 01:08:58,203
A less ancient discovery,
but very important
1118
01:08:58,237 --> 01:09:03,139
to modern culture, is the
famous Shroud of Turin.
1119
01:09:03,173 --> 01:09:05,244
The Shroud is said to
be an ancient cloth
1120
01:09:05,279 --> 01:09:07,488
that covered the
body of Jesus Christ
1121
01:09:07,522 --> 01:09:10,594
when he ascended from his tomb.
1122
01:09:10,629 --> 01:09:14,150
The power of his ascension
caused an image of his body
1123
01:09:14,184 --> 01:09:15,979
on the cloth.
1124
01:09:17,153 --> 01:09:19,051
Determining if the
Shroud is authentic,
1125
01:09:19,085 --> 01:09:21,778
means following it's
timeline from the tomb
1126
01:09:21,812 --> 01:09:24,677
to Italy, where it is now.
1127
01:09:24,712 --> 01:09:27,128
The history of the Shroud
from the 15th Century
1128
01:09:27,163 --> 01:09:28,957
is well recorded.
1129
01:09:28,992 --> 01:09:32,685
It's the time backward, from
then to the death of Jesus
1130
01:09:32,720 --> 01:09:34,549
that is in question.
1131
01:09:34,584 --> 01:09:37,000
It is said the Shroud
was taken to Turkey
1132
01:09:37,034 --> 01:09:40,452
to Palestine then made
it's way to Italy.
1133
01:09:40,486 --> 01:09:45,491
Connecting these dots of where
it was is part of history.
1134
01:09:46,872 --> 01:09:50,738
The other part, is how an
image came to be on the Shroud.
1135
01:09:52,326 --> 01:09:55,191
Tests have shown it
is not a painting
1136
01:09:55,225 --> 01:09:57,676
or contains pigments
of an impression.
1137
01:09:59,264 --> 01:10:02,267
Pollens from the cloth
seem to tell it's origin
1138
01:10:02,301 --> 01:10:06,823
is indeed from the correct
area Jesus was buried.
1139
01:10:06,857 --> 01:10:09,860
There are several reddish
stains on the Shroud,
1140
01:10:09,895 --> 01:10:11,517
suggesting blood.
1141
01:10:11,552 --> 01:10:13,278
But it is uncertain
whether these stains
1142
01:10:13,312 --> 01:10:16,350
were produced at the
same time as the image
1143
01:10:16,384 --> 01:10:18,628
or afterwards.
1144
01:10:20,077 --> 01:10:22,459
The image on the Shroud,
appears like the negative
1145
01:10:22,494 --> 01:10:26,049
of a photograph, though
photography did not exist
1146
01:10:26,083 --> 01:10:28,672
in the time of Jesus.
1147
01:10:28,707 --> 01:10:30,950
The image clearly,
and accurately,
1148
01:10:30,985 --> 01:10:32,918
depicts the wounds on Christ,
1149
01:10:32,952 --> 01:10:35,507
and blood that flowed from them.
1150
01:10:35,541 --> 01:10:39,269
Some believe the Shroud
is a simple forgery.
1151
01:10:39,304 --> 01:10:42,307
While others point to the
blood and other accurate points
1152
01:10:42,341 --> 01:10:44,723
within the image
and the cloth itself
1153
01:10:44,757 --> 01:10:47,070
dating to the proper age.
1154
01:10:48,692 --> 01:10:53,663
In 1976, Pete Schumacher,
John Jackson, and Eric Jumper,
1155
01:10:55,803 --> 01:10:58,323
analyzed a photograph
of the Shroud image
1156
01:10:58,357 --> 01:11:01,153
using a VP8 image analyzer,
1157
01:11:01,187 --> 01:11:04,398
which was developed for
NASA to create brightness
1158
01:11:04,432 --> 01:11:06,883
maps of the moon.
1159
01:11:06,917 --> 01:11:10,576
A brightness map interprets
differences of brightness
1160
01:11:10,611 --> 01:11:15,132
within an image as
differences of elevation.
1161
01:11:15,167 --> 01:11:18,481
They found that, unlike any
photograph they had analyzed,
1162
01:11:18,515 --> 01:11:22,761
the Shroud image has
the property of decoding
1163
01:11:22,795 --> 01:11:25,281
into a 3-dimensional image,
1164
01:11:25,315 --> 01:11:28,387
when the darker parts of
the image are interpreted
1165
01:11:28,422 --> 01:11:31,804
to be those features of the
man that they were closest to
1166
01:11:31,839 --> 01:11:36,015
on the Shroud and the
lighter areas of the image
1167
01:11:36,050 --> 01:11:39,364
of those features
that were farthest.
1168
01:11:39,398 --> 01:11:42,367
The researchers could
not replicate the effect
1169
01:11:42,401 --> 01:11:45,680
when they attempted to
transfer similar images
1170
01:11:45,715 --> 01:11:49,615
using techniques of
block print, engravings,
1171
01:11:49,650 --> 01:11:53,343
a hot statue, and bas-relief.
1172
01:11:53,378 --> 01:11:58,037
The Shroud of Turin, is either
an accurate image of Christ
1173
01:11:58,072 --> 01:12:01,386
on cloth or it is
the cleverest forgery
1174
01:12:01,420 --> 01:12:05,251
ever constructed
by an early man.
1175
01:12:06,770 --> 01:12:11,327
In May of 2018
Turin's International
Center of Sindonology
1176
01:12:12,500 --> 01:12:15,848
held it's annual meeting
in Chamberey, France.
1177
01:12:15,883 --> 01:12:18,679
The primary topic of
discussion was a new
1178
01:12:18,713 --> 01:12:21,923
reevaluation of
it's carbon dating.
1179
01:12:25,927 --> 01:12:28,585
[vibrant music]
1180
01:12:36,800 --> 01:12:38,561
Lost civilizations.
1181
01:12:38,595 --> 01:12:40,804
Out of place artifacts.
1182
01:12:40,839 --> 01:12:43,566
Mysterious walls and monuments.
1183
01:12:43,600 --> 01:12:46,465
Mankind loves a good mystery.
1184
01:12:46,500 --> 01:12:47,880
But these items
are also important
1185
01:12:47,915 --> 01:12:50,745
from a historic point of view.
1186
01:12:52,195 --> 01:12:55,750
Our history is fragmented
and much of it has been lost.
1187
01:12:55,785 --> 01:12:59,547
We believe in a linear
existence from one point
1188
01:12:59,582 --> 01:13:01,687
in time to another.
1189
01:13:01,722 --> 01:13:05,139
But perhaps history
is not a straight line
1190
01:13:05,173 --> 01:13:08,418
but rather comes and
goes in a curved manner
1191
01:13:08,453 --> 01:13:11,179
of life on Earth.
1192
01:13:11,214 --> 01:13:13,803
Instead of thinking
we have one history,
1193
01:13:13,837 --> 01:13:18,842
perhaps we have had several
with man or some being like man
1194
01:13:20,016 --> 01:13:22,950
evolving up to a point
then being destroyed
1195
01:13:22,984 --> 01:13:26,367
and having to start
all over again.
1196
01:13:26,402 --> 01:13:29,819
Is it possible that
there have been several
1197
01:13:29,853 --> 01:13:34,375
civilizations on Earth
in it's 4.5 billion
1198
01:13:34,410 --> 01:13:36,964
years of existence?
1199
01:13:36,998 --> 01:13:41,451
If artifacts and obvious
machine technology found
1200
01:13:41,486 --> 01:13:45,351
in ancient ruins
are to be believed,
1201
01:13:45,386 --> 01:13:48,458
then somewhere back in
time there may have been
1202
01:13:48,493 --> 01:13:53,221
other timelines and other
civilizations before us.
1203
01:13:53,256 --> 01:13:56,190
If so, which one are we?
1204
01:13:57,398 --> 01:14:00,366
4.5 billion years
is plenty of time
1205
01:14:00,401 --> 01:14:03,646
for several civilizations
to have emerged.
1206
01:14:03,680 --> 01:14:05,820
Even advanced societies.
1207
01:14:05,855 --> 01:14:09,272
Some say, there have
been at least five
1208
01:14:09,306 --> 01:14:12,482
civilizations on Earth.
1209
01:14:12,517 --> 01:14:17,004
Perhaps rather than
looking for aliens
1210
01:14:17,038 --> 01:14:20,248
outside of our planet to
explain these mysteries,
1211
01:14:20,283 --> 01:14:23,666
we should be looking
more towards ourselves
1212
01:14:23,700 --> 01:14:28,705
and dig deeper to find who we
were in epochs long forgotten.
97003
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