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These are their
approximate locations.
2
00:00:57,590 --> 00:01:00,457
To each of them
Russia has probably allocated
3
00:01:00,593 --> 00:01:04,427
a certain number of her
intermediate-range nuclear missiles,
4
00:01:04,564 --> 00:01:05,895
which are at this moment
5
00:01:06,032 --> 00:01:10,128
pointing at military objectives
in Western Europe.
6
00:01:10,737 --> 00:01:12,671
And to each of these locations,
7
00:01:12,772 --> 00:01:14,763
being those 25 key cities
8
00:01:14,908 --> 00:01:19,572
in which reside almost one third
of the entire population of Britain,
9
00:01:19,712 --> 00:01:21,475
Russia has probably allocated
10
00:01:21,614 --> 00:01:26,051
a further unknown quantity
of thermo-nuclear missiles.
11
00:01:27,120 --> 00:01:30,419
Each of these cities
and each of these airfields
12
00:01:30,557 --> 00:01:32,616
combine to crowd into Britain
13
00:01:32,759 --> 00:01:36,627
more potential nuclear targets
per acre of land mass
14
00:01:36,796 --> 00:01:39,458
than in any other country
in the world.
15
00:01:42,602 --> 00:01:45,435
London,
Friday the 16th of September.
16
00:01:45,738 --> 00:01:48,536
It's just been confirmed
that late last night,
17
00:01:48,675 --> 00:01:50,768
to show collective Communist support
18
00:01:50,910 --> 00:01:53,470
for the Chinese invasion
of South Vietnam,
19
00:01:53,613 --> 00:01:55,513
the Russian and East German
authorities
20
00:01:55,648 --> 00:01:58,776
have sealed off all access
to the city of Berlin
21
00:01:58,918 --> 00:02:00,078
and have stated their intention
22
00:02:00,220 --> 00:02:04,350
of occupying the western half
of the city within 48 hours
23
00:02:04,491 --> 00:02:07,949
unless the Americans in Vietnam
withdraw yesterday's decision
24
00:02:08,094 --> 00:02:12,428
to use tactical nuclear weapons
against invading Chinese forces.
25
00:02:12,866 --> 00:02:13,924
Here in Britain,
26
00:02:14,134 --> 00:02:17,626
Her Majesty's Government has declared
a state of national emergency
27
00:02:17,770 --> 00:02:20,933
to last the duration
of the present crisis.
28
00:02:21,074 --> 00:02:25,807
As from 12 noon today, the central
government will cease to function
29
00:02:25,979 --> 00:02:27,776
and the administration of the country
30
00:02:27,914 --> 00:02:31,372
will be handled
by 15 regional commissioners.
31
00:02:31,518 --> 00:02:35,887
A network of emergency committees
consisting of local councillors
32
00:02:36,055 --> 00:02:40,719
is being set up in every major town
and county borough in the country.
33
00:02:40,894 --> 00:02:44,159
In view of the seriousness
of the international situation,
34
00:02:44,297 --> 00:02:45,924
Her Majesty's Government has decided
35
00:02:46,065 --> 00:02:48,829
that the first task
of these committees
36
00:02:48,968 --> 00:02:53,098
will be to implement the evacuation
of a certain proportion of civilians
37
00:02:53,239 --> 00:02:56,868
to safer areas in Wales,
the Lake District,
38
00:02:57,010 --> 00:02:59,171
pans of Northumberland,
the Midlands,
39
00:02:59,312 --> 00:03:03,408
southwest England, Dorset,
East Sussex and Kent.
40
00:03:03,683 --> 00:03:07,676
In accordance with the 1962
Government plan for evacuation,
41
00:03:07,820 --> 00:03:09,253
this dispersal is to apply
42
00:03:09,389 --> 00:03:13,018
only to certain
specified classes of civilians.
43
00:03:13,493 --> 00:03:15,358
As from 0900 tomorrow,
44
00:03:15,495 --> 00:03:19,261
we are to receive a total quota
of 60,000 evacuees
45
00:03:19,399 --> 00:03:21,924
in five priority classes.
46
00:03:22,035 --> 00:03:25,903
Class one: children under 15
travelling with mothers.
47
00:03:26,072 --> 00:03:29,337
Class two: schoolchildren
under the age of 18.
48
00:03:29,475 --> 00:03:32,740
Class three: adolescents
under the age of 18.
49
00:03:32,879 --> 00:03:35,177
Class four: expectant mothers.
50
00:03:35,315 --> 00:03:39,411
Class five: people who are blind,
crippled, aged or infirm.
51
00:03:39,586 --> 00:03:42,919
- Are there any fathers?
- No. No fathers.
52
00:03:45,258 --> 00:03:48,853
This woman is arriving
from Bermondsey into Kent.
53
00:03:49,229 --> 00:03:52,255
She and the other women
on this evacuation bus
54
00:03:52,398 --> 00:03:57,700
have had to leave their husbands
and elder sons behind in London.
55
00:03:57,804 --> 00:04:00,637
According to the last published
government plan,
56
00:04:00,773 --> 00:04:04,334
there is no provision made for
granting the facilities of evacuation
57
00:04:04,477 --> 00:04:08,345
to able-bodied men
over the age of 18.
58
00:04:08,748 --> 00:04:11,740
It is therefore
even at this early point
59
00:04:11,918 --> 00:04:16,048
that an attempt at
mass evacuation might fail,
60
00:04:16,189 --> 00:04:18,350
because it's not known
how many women
61
00:04:18,458 --> 00:04:22,189
would refuse to leave
their husband and their home
62
00:04:22,295 --> 00:04:26,095
to journey with restricted
possessions to an unknown town,
63
00:04:26,232 --> 00:04:30,396
there to be compulsorily billeted
with an unknown family.
64
00:04:34,741 --> 00:04:37,835
Prepare yourself tomorrow
to receive 10 evacuees,
65
00:04:38,011 --> 00:04:40,138
arriving from the London area
sometime tomorrow morning.
66
00:04:40,313 --> 00:04:42,941
- What am I going to feed them on?
- It's up to you, madam.
67
00:04:43,149 --> 00:04:44,047
Are they coloured?
68
00:04:47,253 --> 00:04:51,587
Within a country where there is still
a degree of racial and social prejudice,
69
00:04:51,758 --> 00:04:55,626
where there is still a shortage
of housing and living space,
70
00:04:55,762 --> 00:04:58,925
a number of measures
would almost certainly be necessary
71
00:04:59,065 --> 00:05:03,764
in attempting the evacuation
of an estimated 10 million people.
72
00:05:05,305 --> 00:05:08,934
For this woman, the compulsory
sheltering and feeding
73
00:05:09,042 --> 00:05:11,272
of an extra 8 people.
74
00:05:15,481 --> 00:05:18,006
For the family
who have fled this house,
75
00:05:18,184 --> 00:05:20,812
the immediate requisition
of their home.
76
00:05:23,256 --> 00:05:27,716
For this man, perhaps imprisonment
if he refuses to billet.
77
00:05:27,860 --> 00:05:30,385
- 8 evacuees for you.
- 8? I'm not having 8.
78
00:05:30,530 --> 00:05:31,827
Sorry, sir. You've got to take 8.
79
00:05:31,964 --> 00:05:34,558
I don't mind two. I haven't got
enough food in there for 8.
80
00:05:34,701 --> 00:05:35,998
Don't argue. Don't argue.
81
00:05:36,102 --> 00:05:39,128
I remind you that,
under the emergency regulations,
82
00:05:39,272 --> 00:05:42,730
with 4 rooms and a kitchen you can
be forced to take 8 people.
83
00:05:42,875 --> 00:05:44,502
Bloody hell.
84
00:05:44,877 --> 00:05:46,538
Should Britain ever thus attempt
85
00:05:46,679 --> 00:05:51,082
the evacuation of nearly 20%
of her entire population,
86
00:05:51,217 --> 00:05:55,278
such scenes as these
would be almost inevitable.
87
00:05:57,223 --> 00:06:00,454
All citizens
resident within this area
88
00:06:00,660 --> 00:06:04,756
are requested to proceed immediately
to the municipal offices
89
00:06:04,931 --> 00:06:09,163
to collect emergency identification
papers and ration cards.
90
00:06:09,268 --> 00:06:10,235
Name?
91
00:06:10,370 --> 00:06:13,339
Sue Wilkinson, 159 Thornton Avenue.
92
00:06:13,439 --> 00:06:18,138
Widow, children aged 19 and 21:
non-supplementary ration card.
93
00:06:18,444 --> 00:06:21,777
This entitles you to a basic ration
per week of two ounces of butter,
94
00:06:21,914 --> 00:06:23,472
a half a pound of margarine,
95
00:06:23,616 --> 00:06:25,481
two ounces of tea,
a quarter-pound of sugar,
96
00:06:25,618 --> 00:06:28,018
two eggs,
a half a pint of milk when available,
97
00:06:28,154 --> 00:06:30,247
a quarter-pound of meat,
two loaves of bread,
98
00:06:30,390 --> 00:06:34,622
a pound of potatoes when available
and two ounces of bacon.
99
00:06:34,761 --> 00:06:37,821
It has been estimated that,
even if there were no war,
100
00:06:37,997 --> 00:06:42,764
Britain would need between 1%
to 4 years to recover economically
101
00:06:42,902 --> 00:06:46,360
from the effects of full-scale
civilian evacuation.
102
00:06:48,341 --> 00:06:50,502
And, if there were a war,
103
00:06:50,643 --> 00:06:55,671
at least 20% of even the areas
into which people had been evacuated
104
00:06:55,848 --> 00:06:59,045
would themselves be rendered
totally uninhabitable
105
00:06:59,185 --> 00:07:01,619
by the resulting radioactive fail-out.
106
00:07:06,659 --> 00:07:11,824
Carbon-H is one of the most dangerous
elements of radioactive fall-out.
107
00:07:12,165 --> 00:07:14,690
Do you know what it does
to the human body?
108
00:07:16,068 --> 00:07:17,535
I'm sorry. I haven't heard of it.
109
00:07:17,837 --> 00:07:21,432
I'm afraid I don't know much
about atomic radiation at all.
110
00:07:21,674 --> 00:07:22,800
No, I don't.
111
00:07:23,543 --> 00:07:24,942
No, I'm sorry. I don't know.
112
00:07:36,222 --> 00:07:40,124
Do you know what strontium-Ml is
and what it does?
113
00:07:45,398 --> 00:07:47,025
No. No, I'm afraid I don't.
114
00:07:47,900 --> 00:07:48,525
No, I don't.
115
00:07:48,668 --> 00:07:51,296
I've no idea really.
116
00:07:51,404 --> 00:07:55,807
I know it's some sort of gunpowder
or something, that blows up.
117
00:07:59,445 --> 00:08:00,139
In Berlin
118
00:08:00,513 --> 00:08:05,780
with rioting West German civilians
and armed East German police,
119
00:08:07,019 --> 00:08:08,987
there would probably be found
120
00:08:09,121 --> 00:08:11,453
the necessary flash point.
121
00:08:33,646 --> 00:08:35,170
Berlin?
122
00:08:36,148 --> 00:08:38,378
No. They've had all this before.
123
00:08:39,552 --> 00:08:40,712
I think it'll die down.
124
00:08:46,893 --> 00:08:48,656
I don't think there's
anything to worry about.
125
00:08:52,465 --> 00:08:55,593
No, there won't be a war.
I'm quite convinced of that.
126
00:08:56,335 --> 00:08:58,064
September the 17th.
127
00:08:58,271 --> 00:09:02,640
British Civil Defence deliver
to the public for the first time
128
00:09:02,742 --> 00:09:06,940
details of the hazards to be expected
from radioactive fall-out.
129
00:09:07,179 --> 00:09:10,342
Would you please read this booklet
and carry out the instructions.
130
00:09:10,483 --> 00:09:11,643
But what is it?
131
00:09:11,717 --> 00:09:14,709
It's a Civil Defence booklet, "Your
Protection Against Nuclear Attack".
132
00:09:14,854 --> 00:09:17,118
- But I...
- Good morning, madam.
133
00:09:18,057 --> 00:09:19,547
Excuse me.
134
00:09:20,026 --> 00:09:21,186
What are you doing here exactly?
135
00:09:21,327 --> 00:09:24,626
We're issuing to as many householders
as possible a copy of this booklet,
136
00:09:24,797 --> 00:09:27,698
which tells them how to prepare their
houses against blast and fall-out.
137
00:09:27,833 --> 00:09:29,767
Have people not seen
this booklet before?
138
00:09:29,902 --> 00:09:33,668
A copy was prepared some years
ago but it didn't sell very well.
139
00:09:33,773 --> 00:09:36,936
- It wasn't... It wasn't free?
- Oh, no. It cost ninepence.
140
00:09:39,245 --> 00:09:42,510
The siren system is now being tested.
141
00:09:42,615 --> 00:09:45,607
Tests will cease
in a quarter of an hour.
142
00:09:45,918 --> 00:09:49,752
It's been estimated that,
by the time an incoming missile attack
143
00:09:49,922 --> 00:09:53,824
could be confirmed to
the British National Siren System,
144
00:09:53,993 --> 00:09:57,429
there would remain before impact
a warning time
145
00:09:57,663 --> 00:10:01,724
of approximately 2% to 3 minutes.
146
00:10:02,468 --> 00:10:06,029
And should the attacking missiles
be launched from submarines
147
00:10:06,205 --> 00:10:09,072
lying off the shores of Britain,
148
00:10:09,175 --> 00:10:12,303
the warning time
could be less than 30 seconds.
149
00:10:13,179 --> 00:10:14,203
Move along, there.
150
00:10:14,380 --> 00:10:17,474
The Civil Defence report have said
that we were going to get
151
00:10:17,617 --> 00:10:22,884
stuff to shore up our windows and
barricade ourselves in with.
152
00:10:23,422 --> 00:10:25,356
They didn't tell us where to get it.
153
00:10:25,491 --> 00:10:29,120
I've been around three places already
and all the stuffs gone.
154
00:10:29,562 --> 00:10:30,494
And the prices...
155
00:10:30,730 --> 00:10:33,062
My prices at the moment
run as follows:
156
00:10:33,232 --> 00:10:36,360
hessian sacks for sandbags, 10 for £1;
157
00:10:36,502 --> 00:10:39,630
sand to put in them,
24 shillings per cubic yard;
158
00:10:39,739 --> 00:10:42,936
soil, £710s per 5 cubic yards;
159
00:10:43,109 --> 00:10:46,340
deal planks, 8d to a shilling per ft.
160
00:10:46,445 --> 00:10:50,745
How much money have you to
spend on building your refuge?
161
00:10:51,417 --> 00:10:53,044
Well...
162
00:10:53,853 --> 00:10:59,086
Well, I can't afford more than
17/6 to £1 at the very most.
163
00:10:59,425 --> 00:11:00,687
For this amount of money,
164
00:11:00,826 --> 00:11:04,592
she may purchase
8 sandbags and 6 planks.
165
00:11:04,864 --> 00:11:06,798
A friend of mine's
a building contractor
166
00:11:06,932 --> 00:11:09,298
and he's fixed me up
with some stuff.
167
00:11:09,802 --> 00:11:13,067
I've got this out here
which should help a bit
168
00:11:13,572 --> 00:11:15,199
and inside I've...
169
00:11:16,042 --> 00:11:18,738
I've built a refuge like they say.
170
00:11:19,311 --> 00:11:21,245
I reckon it should be pretty strong,
171
00:11:21,414 --> 00:11:23,041
hold up quite well.
172
00:11:23,616 --> 00:11:28,280
And I had a few sandbags left over
so I built another out in the garden.
173
00:11:28,754 --> 00:11:31,917
It is likely that many thousands
of families in Britain
174
00:11:32,058 --> 00:11:35,994
would be unable to meet the cost
of even one substantial shelter
175
00:11:36,162 --> 00:11:39,757
and a Government shelter programme
for every person in the country
176
00:11:39,899 --> 00:11:44,359
would cost an estimated
two thousand million pounds.
177
00:11:45,071 --> 00:11:47,767
And I keep this here.
178
00:11:49,842 --> 00:11:52,072
And I certainly intend to use it
179
00:11:52,178 --> 00:11:54,646
if anyone attempts
to break into the shelter with me.
180
00:11:54,880 --> 00:12:00,341
A recent American religious journal
told its Christian readers
181
00:12:00,519 --> 00:12:04,114
to think twice before they rashly
gave their family shelter space
182
00:12:04,290 --> 00:12:06,588
to neighbours or the passing stranger.
183
00:12:08,894 --> 00:12:10,452
September the 18th.
184
00:12:10,730 --> 00:12:13,494
One hour ago, following
an armed entry into West Berlin
185
00:12:13,632 --> 00:12:15,623
by Russian and East German troops,
186
00:12:15,768 --> 00:12:20,535
two NATO armoured divisions attempted
to force an entry through to the city
187
00:12:20,973 --> 00:12:24,704
and were themselves overrun
by outnumbering Communist forces.
188
00:12:24,977 --> 00:12:26,410
Faced with this situation,
189
00:12:26,679 --> 00:12:30,115
it is possible that the American
president would have no choice
190
00:12:30,282 --> 00:12:34,719
but to threaten to release tactical
nuclear warheads to the forces of NATO
191
00:12:34,887 --> 00:12:37,219
to show collective determination
192
00:12:37,356 --> 00:12:40,189
in the event of
a possible Russian attack.
193
00:12:40,359 --> 00:12:41,826
Faced with this situation,
194
00:12:41,961 --> 00:12:46,159
the Soviet premier would possibly
be left with no alternative
195
00:12:46,298 --> 00:12:48,858
but to call this bluff and attack.
196
00:12:50,035 --> 00:12:52,196
The local area commander
197
00:12:52,338 --> 00:12:55,637
has authorised the release
of tactical nuclear weapons
198
00:12:55,741 --> 00:12:58,403
to the British, French and Bundeswehr.
199
00:12:58,844 --> 00:13:02,575
15 crew up
for a fast sequence of firing.
200
00:13:04,416 --> 00:13:07,214
This is a tactical nuclear missile.
201
00:13:07,386 --> 00:13:11,288
It has a warhead
equivalent to one Hiroshima bomb.
202
00:13:11,490 --> 00:13:13,822
It is called an Honest John.
203
00:13:13,959 --> 00:13:16,393
The Honest John, the Mace,
the Corporal,
204
00:13:16,562 --> 00:13:18,154
the Pershing, the Sergeant.
205
00:13:18,297 --> 00:13:19,662
And if things don't get better soon
206
00:13:19,799 --> 00:13:23,166
all these weapons are going to be
slamming away nuclear warheads
207
00:13:23,302 --> 00:13:24,792
and then God help us all!
208
00:13:26,038 --> 00:13:30,805
It is now planned to increase
NATO reliability on nuclear missiles,
209
00:13:31,076 --> 00:13:34,603
even should the Russians attack
using ordinary weapons.
210
00:13:35,014 --> 00:13:38,575
Thus it is possible for the Allies
to be the first to press the button
211
00:13:39,451 --> 00:13:40,816
in a nuclear war.
212
00:13:46,392 --> 00:13:48,986
- Did you know this?
- No, I did not.
213
00:13:49,228 --> 00:13:50,695
I was vaguely aware of it.
214
00:13:50,796 --> 00:13:52,991
Yes, I did know and
I think it's disgraceful.
215
00:13:53,199 --> 00:13:54,826
No, I didn't know this at all.
216
00:13:55,034 --> 00:13:56,592
No. I should think
it'd be a good thing.
217
00:14:14,854 --> 00:14:16,754
David Edward Thornley.
218
00:14:16,889 --> 00:14:18,413
Age 37.
219
00:14:19,058 --> 00:14:21,424
General practitioner in medicine,
220
00:14:21,560 --> 00:14:25,587
now on the staff of one of a series
of emergency medical-aid units
221
00:14:25,764 --> 00:14:29,427
being established
in preparation for a nuclear strike.
222
00:14:29,568 --> 00:14:32,162
Time 9: 1' 1' am.
223
00:14:32,271 --> 00:14:34,432
September the 18th.
224
00:14:34,673 --> 00:14:38,131
Dr Thornley stops
to make an emergency call.
225
00:14:38,310 --> 00:14:40,801
Berwick Street, Canterbury,
226
00:14:41,080 --> 00:14:45,312
12 miles from the airfield
at Mansion on the Kent coast.
227
00:14:52,858 --> 00:14:54,189
- Good morning, Doctor.
- Morning!
228
00:14:54,326 --> 00:14:55,918
- Come in, please.
- What's the trouble today?
229
00:14:56,028 --> 00:14:57,928
She's been running
a temperature all night.
230
00:14:58,097 --> 00:15:02,261
Of the 750 intermediate-range
ballistic missiles
231
00:15:02,434 --> 00:15:04,334
at present held by the Russians
232
00:15:04,470 --> 00:15:08,236
and targeted on the European
countries of the NATO alliance,
233
00:15:08,374 --> 00:15:12,140
it is believed that a considerable
number are liquid-fuelled
234
00:15:12,278 --> 00:15:14,872
and are stored above ground.
235
00:15:15,281 --> 00:15:20,082
Such missiles are therefore
themselves extremely vulnerable
236
00:15:20,185 --> 00:15:24,451
and, rather than risk losing them
in a counter-bombardment,
237
00:15:24,590 --> 00:15:27,957
it is likely that the Russians
would have no alternative
238
00:15:28,093 --> 00:15:33,224
but to fire all of them at a very
early stage in such a crisis.
239
00:15:35,200 --> 00:15:37,600
Time 9:13 am.
240
00:15:46,345 --> 00:15:49,007
Quick, let's get back!
There's no time!
241
00:15:49,848 --> 00:15:52,715
Hurry up inside the house! Quickly!
242
00:15:52,851 --> 00:15:55,786
Move! Come on, come on!
Quick, quick!
243
00:15:56,088 --> 00:15:59,819
This family couldn't afford
to build themselves a refuge.
244
00:15:59,925 --> 00:16:04,555
This could be the way the last two
minutes of peace in Britain would look.
245
00:16:04,663 --> 00:16:07,996
Stay away from the windows!
Get all the children!
246
00:16:09,101 --> 00:16:11,296
Peter! Tony! Tony!
247
00:16:12,171 --> 00:16:15,607
Where is he? Where is he?
Think! Where is he?
248
00:16:16,308 --> 00:16:20,301
Nurse, quick. There's a boy outside.
Go and fetch him as quickly as you can.
249
00:16:20,446 --> 00:16:22,073
9:16 am.
250
00:16:22,214 --> 00:16:26,446
A single megaton nuclear missile
overshoots Mansion airfield in Kent
251
00:16:26,618 --> 00:16:29,951
and airbursts
6 miles from this position.
252
00:16:36,395 --> 00:16:37,692
At this distance,
253
00:16:37,830 --> 00:16:41,891
the heatwave is sufficient to cause
melting of the upturned eyeball,
254
00:16:42,134 --> 00:16:45,365
third-degree burning of the skin
and ignition of furniture.
255
00:16:52,111 --> 00:16:55,569
12 seconds later,
the shock from arrives.
256
00:17:22,408 --> 00:17:26,071
At 7/10ths of a millisecond
after the explosion,
257
00:17:26,211 --> 00:17:28,611
and at a distance of 60 miles,
258
00:17:28,747 --> 00:17:33,116
the light from the fireball of a
single megaton thermo-nuclear device
259
00:17:33,252 --> 00:17:36,688
is 30 times brighter
than the midday sun.
260
00:17:37,222 --> 00:17:40,623
This little boy has received
severe retinal burns
261
00:17:40,793 --> 00:17:43,762
from an explosion 27 miles away.
262
00:17:43,896 --> 00:17:45,056
Give him to me!
263
00:17:46,065 --> 00:17:47,726
What's the matter?
264
00:17:50,602 --> 00:17:54,971
This house lies 29 miles
from Mansion airfield
265
00:17:55,107 --> 00:17:59,100
and 41 miles
from Gatwick Airport in Sussex.
266
00:18:05,484 --> 00:18:06,576
Under the table.
267
00:18:06,752 --> 00:18:08,652
Under the table!
268
00:18:11,490 --> 00:18:14,653
The blast wave
from a thermo-nuclear explosion
269
00:18:14,793 --> 00:18:19,594
has been likened to an enormous door
slamming in the depths of hell.
270
00:18:58,637 --> 00:19:01,299
This is the combined shock from
271
00:19:01,440 --> 00:19:05,240
from one dispersal airfield
40 miles away.
272
00:19:11,617 --> 00:19:15,519
There are in Britain
at least 60 such targets.
273
00:19:21,493 --> 00:19:23,393
Rochester in Kent,
274
00:19:23,629 --> 00:19:26,120
now two square miles of fire,
275
00:19:26,231 --> 00:19:28,529
resulting from the heat
of a thermo-nuclear missile,
276
00:19:28,667 --> 00:19:33,161
which has exploded off-course
on its path to London Airport.
277
00:19:35,741 --> 00:19:39,370
This is the phenomenon which could
perhaps happen in Britain
278
00:19:39,545 --> 00:19:42,446
following a nuclear strike
against certain of our cities.
279
00:19:43,415 --> 00:19:46,043
This happened
after the bombing of Hamburg,
280
00:19:46,218 --> 00:19:49,710
at Dresden, at Tokyo
and at Hiroshima.
281
00:19:49,888 --> 00:19:54,086
This is what is technically known
as a firestorm.
282
00:20:06,471 --> 00:20:09,998
Within its centre, the rising heat
from multiple fires,
283
00:20:10,142 --> 00:20:11,973
caused by both the heat flash
284
00:20:12,110 --> 00:20:15,375
and the blast wave
upsetting stoves and open furnaces,
285
00:20:15,547 --> 00:20:17,674
is sucking in ground-level winds
286
00:20:17,816 --> 00:20:22,219
at speeds exceeding
100 miles an hour.
287
00:20:22,788 --> 00:20:25,382
This is the wind of a firestorm.
288
00:20:43,775 --> 00:20:45,640
I saw a man...
289
00:20:47,112 --> 00:20:50,809
get caught by a great gust of wind!
290
00:20:52,184 --> 00:20:55,278
It pulled his jacket
right over his head!
291
00:21:24,182 --> 00:21:28,949
I believe that we live in a system
of necessary law and order
292
00:21:31,857 --> 00:21:36,294
and I still believe
in the war of the just.
293
00:21:38,864 --> 00:21:42,561
Within this car,
a family is burning alive.
294
00:21:50,776 --> 00:21:53,836
Charles Brooks,
chief fire officer of Chatham.
295
00:21:54,012 --> 00:21:56,913
Already three of his appliances
have been smashed,
296
00:21:57,149 --> 00:21:58,946
gutted or overturned.
297
00:21:59,284 --> 00:22:04,551
"Already 17 of his 60 firemen have
been crushed, burnt or killed
298
00:22:04,690 --> 00:22:06,351
by flying debris.
299
00:22:11,363 --> 00:22:13,388
This is a firestorm.
300
00:22:13,965 --> 00:22:14,954
Within its centre,
301
00:22:15,100 --> 00:22:19,867
the oxygen is being consumed in every
cellar and every ground-floor room,
302
00:22:20,005 --> 00:22:24,965
to be replaced by the gases of carbon
monoxide, carbon dioxide and methane.
303
00:22:25,711 --> 00:22:31,206
Within its centre, the temperature
is rising to 800 degrees centigrade.
304
00:22:31,383 --> 00:22:33,943
These men are dying
305
00:22:34,086 --> 00:22:36,748
both of heatstroke and of gassing.
306
00:22:43,428 --> 00:22:47,330
In the next world war, I believe
that both sides could stop before
307
00:22:47,532 --> 00:22:49,659
the ultimate destruction of cities
308
00:22:49,835 --> 00:22:51,700
so that both sides could retire
309
00:22:51,803 --> 00:22:55,671
for a period of ten years or so
of post-attack recuperation,
310
00:22:55,841 --> 00:22:59,470
in which World Wars 4 to 8
could be prepared.
311
00:23:03,515 --> 00:23:07,281
When the carbon dioxide
content of inhaled air
312
00:23:07,419 --> 00:23:09,785
is greater than 30%,
313
00:23:09,921 --> 00:23:13,482
it will cause diminished respiration,
314
00:23:14,126 --> 00:23:16,094
fall of blood pressure,
315
00:23:16,561 --> 00:23:17,619
coma,
316
00:23:18,130 --> 00:23:19,859
loss of reflexes
317
00:23:20,499 --> 00:23:22,933
and anaesthesia.
318
00:23:24,102 --> 00:23:31,838
When the carbon monoxide content
of inhaled air exceeds 1.28%,
319
00:23:32,310 --> 00:23:35,143
it will be followed by death
320
00:23:35,814 --> 00:23:37,714
within three minutes.
321
00:23:38,350 --> 00:23:40,784
This is nuclear war.
322
00:24:13,552 --> 00:24:15,042
10:47.
323
00:24:15,487 --> 00:24:20,288
Aircraft of the British V-bomber
force near the Russian border.
324
00:24:20,392 --> 00:24:22,986
Their purpose, retaliation.
325
00:24:23,361 --> 00:24:27,161
Their target, people like this.
326
00:24:28,967 --> 00:24:33,427
If the Russians or anyone else
attacked Britain with nuclear weapons,
327
00:24:33,572 --> 00:24:35,199
would you want us to retaliate
328
00:24:35,340 --> 00:24:38,639
by destroying an equal number
of Russian cities?
329
00:24:39,144 --> 00:24:41,009
Yes. Yes, I would. Yes.
330
00:24:41,279 --> 00:24:45,010
It's just a vicious circle but
I suppose we should have to retaliate.
331
00:24:45,417 --> 00:24:49,911
People think the British are always
sort of forgiving and forgetting
332
00:24:50,155 --> 00:24:52,453
and I think we'd have to retaliate.
333
00:25:09,074 --> 00:25:15,070
I wouldn't want us to stand back
and do nothing about it but...
334
00:25:18,350 --> 00:25:21,342
Yes, I think perhaps...
perhaps I would.
335
00:25:21,553 --> 00:25:23,487
Oh, yes, I think so, definitely.
336
00:25:23,688 --> 00:25:25,315
Yes, I suppose I would.
337
00:25:36,268 --> 00:25:38,759
Technically and intellectually,
338
00:25:39,137 --> 00:25:42,334
we are living in an atomic age.
339
00:25:42,541 --> 00:25:47,103
Emotionally, we are still living
in the Stone Age.
340
00:25:47,345 --> 00:25:53,011
The Aztecs on their feast days would
sacrifice 20,000 men to their gods
341
00:25:53,251 --> 00:25:57,449
in the belief that this would keep
the universe on its proper course.
342
00:25:57,656 --> 00:26:00,022
We feel superior to them.
343
00:26:03,562 --> 00:26:07,191
These are the inhabitants
of what was once
344
00:26:07,399 --> 00:26:11,335
a housing estate
near Rochester in Kent.
345
00:26:11,703 --> 00:26:15,195
Following the explosion
of three single megaton missiles
346
00:26:15,473 --> 00:26:17,998
within this one county boundary,
347
00:26:18,209 --> 00:26:21,474
it's been estimated
that each surviving doctor
348
00:26:21,713 --> 00:26:26,412
would be faced by
at least 350 casualties,
349
00:26:26,751 --> 00:26:31,211
many suffering from severe
second and third degree burns.
350
00:26:32,290 --> 00:26:34,724
I had a little boy with me.
351
00:26:36,194 --> 00:26:38,628
He had his legs burned off.
352
00:26:46,371 --> 00:26:47,838
Some...
353
00:26:49,941 --> 00:26:51,738
Some of the...
354
00:26:52,677 --> 00:26:56,010
Some of these people
are just falling apart.
355
00:26:57,115 --> 00:27:01,211
As far as is known, it is at present
planned by the Civil Defence
356
00:27:01,419 --> 00:27:04,980
that each doctor, working
in a forward medical-aid unit,
357
00:27:05,190 --> 00:27:10,150
place every casualty into one
of three carefully defined categories
358
00:27:10,362 --> 00:27:15,732
to determine whether or not that
casualty is worth hospital treatment.
359
00:27:16,267 --> 00:27:18,565
It's the third category
that are worst.
360
00:27:18,703 --> 00:27:20,500
For these...
361
00:27:20,972 --> 00:27:23,634
it's just hopeless.
362
00:27:24,109 --> 00:27:26,577
So we put them into
what we call the holding section.
363
00:27:27,212 --> 00:27:31,308
These are people with
50% or more body burns.
364
00:27:31,916 --> 00:27:36,353
This doctor knows that each patient
he places in the holding section
365
00:27:36,521 --> 00:27:40,048
will be left to die in pain
without drugs.
366
00:27:41,893 --> 00:27:45,158
I know what'll be happening
in a few days.
367
00:27:47,565 --> 00:27:49,556
They'll be...
368
00:27:50,101 --> 00:27:52,365
They'll be asking me to kill them.
369
00:27:53,571 --> 00:27:58,201
What you are seeing now is
another possible part of nuclear war,
370
00:27:58,410 --> 00:28:01,971
an armed police squad
helping the overburdened doctors
371
00:28:02,180 --> 00:28:06,139
to relieve the misery
of those in category three.
372
00:28:24,069 --> 00:28:29,701
If I decide to hit and perhaps kill
another man myself,
373
00:28:30,008 --> 00:28:34,638
then I must be prepared to accept
the moral responsibility.
374
00:28:35,513 --> 00:28:38,812
If I give the Government
the right or the means
375
00:28:38,983 --> 00:28:40,951
on my behalf
376
00:28:41,119 --> 00:28:44,486
to kill people of another country,
377
00:28:44,656 --> 00:28:46,954
then the situation is no different.
378
00:28:47,225 --> 00:28:51,855
I must again myself accept
the moral responsibility.
379
00:28:53,598 --> 00:28:56,499
It's been estimated
that a nuclear attack on Britain,
380
00:28:56,668 --> 00:29:00,661
using approximately 160
single megaton missiles,
381
00:29:00,905 --> 00:29:03,169
would immediately kill
or seriously wound
382
00:29:03,341 --> 00:29:07,675
between one third and one half
of her entire population.
383
00:29:07,846 --> 00:29:10,542
It would destroy from 50% to 80%
384
00:29:10,682 --> 00:29:14,118
of all her main food production
and storage facilities
385
00:29:14,285 --> 00:29:19,086
and from 50% to 80% of
the power plants needed to run them.
386
00:29:19,257 --> 00:29:22,488
Such an attack,
using weapons of one megaton,
387
00:29:22,660 --> 00:29:24,321
could be described as minimal
388
00:29:24,496 --> 00:29:26,487
because it's now more than possible
389
00:29:26,664 --> 00:29:29,724
that missile warheads
or free-falling bombs
390
00:29:29,901 --> 00:29:34,600
of between 5 to 10 times
that power would be used instead.
391
00:29:39,310 --> 00:29:44,907
I think extra numbers would have
made no difference at all to all this.
392
00:29:46,084 --> 00:29:50,077
15 or 20 times the number
of Civil Defence
393
00:29:50,355 --> 00:29:53,916
wouldn't have stopped the initial
attack from killing or maiming
394
00:29:54,025 --> 00:29:56,357
exactly the same number of people.
395
00:29:56,494 --> 00:29:58,826
It was the title they had all wrong.
396
00:29:59,030 --> 00:30:00,258
Call this defence?
397
00:30:02,801 --> 00:30:07,067
These will be the other casualties
of a nuclear war.
398
00:30:07,972 --> 00:30:09,735
Physically unmarked,
399
00:30:09,908 --> 00:30:12,536
there will almost inevitably be
thousands of people
400
00:30:12,710 --> 00:30:17,238
suffering from many complex states
of fear and shock,
401
00:30:17,382 --> 00:30:19,748
due to the things they've seen
402
00:30:19,918 --> 00:30:22,716
and the things that have
happened to them.
403
00:30:23,888 --> 00:30:25,515
Many of these people
404
00:30:25,690 --> 00:30:30,093
will probably lapse into
a state of permanent neurosis
405
00:30:30,295 --> 00:30:32,923
because they will totally outnumber
406
00:30:33,097 --> 00:30:36,863
the psychiatric services
needed to cure them.
407
00:30:37,235 --> 00:30:42,537
This, too, will be the legacy
of thermo-nuclear war.
408
00:30:48,246 --> 00:30:52,376
I've already had a dozen or so
of my men go under
409
00:30:53,418 --> 00:30:55,943
just with the strain...
410
00:30:57,155 --> 00:30:58,645
overwork.
411
00:30:59,824 --> 00:31:03,385
People tend to forget that
a policeman,
412
00:31:03,761 --> 00:31:06,025
a Civil Defence worker,
413
00:31:06,564 --> 00:31:08,998
anybody like this...
414
00:31:10,235 --> 00:31:12,430
is just a normal human being,
415
00:31:12,804 --> 00:31:18,242
with normal human reactions
and emotions.
416
00:31:20,345 --> 00:31:24,441
This policeman has spent
the entire rescue period
417
00:31:24,716 --> 00:31:27,048
searching for his missing family.
418
00:31:33,791 --> 00:31:36,021
No one's allowed in here.
419
00:31:36,761 --> 00:31:38,956
Go on. Clear off.
420
00:31:40,531 --> 00:31:43,056
Even in the lightly hi!
County of Kent,
421
00:31:43,201 --> 00:31:48,662
there would be immediately an estimated
50,000 corpses to dispose of.
422
00:31:50,208 --> 00:31:53,507
Will you tell us what's
going on in there?
423
00:31:53,711 --> 00:31:55,508
They're not allowing
any photographers in there.
424
00:31:55,647 --> 00:31:58,309
Yes, I know but just a minute.
425
00:31:58,416 --> 00:32:02,079
Will you tell us what
they're doing in there, please?
426
00:32:02,186 --> 00:32:04,848
They're simply burning the bodies.
427
00:32:05,256 --> 00:32:08,953
The buildings are full of them.
There's just too many to bury.
428
00:32:11,696 --> 00:32:14,665
The buildings are full
429
00:32:14,966 --> 00:32:19,062
so all we can do do is
put them on to raised steel girders
430
00:32:19,504 --> 00:32:21,734
and put a fire underneath.
431
00:32:21,940 --> 00:32:23,931
It's just like making a grill.
432
00:32:28,179 --> 00:32:29,806
Two days after the attack,
433
00:32:29,948 --> 00:32:33,907
the military authorities, to stop
the possible spreading of disease,
434
00:32:34,052 --> 00:32:39,046
seal off two square miles of the
damaged area that had been Rochester
435
00:32:39,190 --> 00:32:44,025
and arm the surviving police, determined
to prevent by force if necessary
436
00:32:44,162 --> 00:32:48,292
relatives of the dead removing bodies
before the process of burning.
437
00:32:50,535 --> 00:32:53,470
We were doing the job,
438
00:32:53,771 --> 00:32:56,035
burning the bodies,
439
00:32:56,274 --> 00:33:00,301
when two of the soldiers said they
weren't going to do it any more.
440
00:33:01,145 --> 00:33:04,080
One of their officers came up
and told them to get on with it
441
00:33:04,215 --> 00:33:06,513
and they said no again.
442
00:33:06,718 --> 00:33:08,686
So he shot them both on the spot.
443
00:33:10,321 --> 00:33:12,812
Everything that you are now seeing
444
00:33:12,924 --> 00:33:17,156
happened in Germany after
the heavy bombing in the last war.
445
00:33:17,762 --> 00:33:20,822
It would almost certainly
have to happen in Britain
446
00:33:21,099 --> 00:33:23,329
after a nuclear war.
447
00:33:23,901 --> 00:33:28,838
Another thing the Germans did
after the bombing on Dresden
448
00:33:29,207 --> 00:33:34,509
was they took the wedding rings
from the bodies.
449
00:33:35,947 --> 00:33:41,351
They were trying to identify them
from the inscription inside the ring.
450
00:33:42,153 --> 00:33:44,917
We also are doing this.
451
00:33:46,424 --> 00:33:50,190
We are keeping the rings
in this bucket here.
452
00:33:54,098 --> 00:33:58,364
This is a possible part
of nuclear war.
453
00:34:02,006 --> 00:34:04,133
For the following 48 hours,
454
00:34:04,275 --> 00:34:08,473
an estimated one third of
the entire land surface of Britain
455
00:34:08,613 --> 00:34:11,309
would be covered
by a total dose of radiation
456
00:34:11,449 --> 00:34:16,352
exceeding 10 times the amount needed
to kill a man in the open.
457
00:34:17,488 --> 00:34:19,285
For many of those within this area
458
00:34:19,424 --> 00:34:23,360
who had remained even inside
the shelter of their homes,
459
00:34:23,494 --> 00:34:26,759
there would be death
within five weeks.
460
00:34:27,131 --> 00:34:31,625
I know a thing or two about
leukaemia and suchlike.
461
00:34:33,971 --> 00:34:36,462
I deliberately haven't spoken
to my wife about this
462
00:34:36,607 --> 00:34:38,939
in the last couple of days.
463
00:34:39,077 --> 00:34:41,045
You know, I'm...
464
00:34:41,446 --> 00:34:43,277
I'm so scared.
465
00:34:44,849 --> 00:34:48,478
I just want my kids to grow up,
that's all.
466
00:34:50,788 --> 00:34:53,780
I don't know what's going to be
left of anything.
467
00:34:54,625 --> 00:34:56,616
I can't change that now.
468
00:35:00,131 --> 00:35:02,599
I suppose I'm just being selfish.
469
00:35:04,135 --> 00:35:06,433
I just want my kids to be straight
470
00:35:06,671 --> 00:35:09,868
and not to have this poison
working in their bones.
471
00:35:25,456 --> 00:35:30,052
The main effect of exposure
to severe radiation
472
00:35:30,461 --> 00:35:36,457
is to stop the renewal of the
cellular lining of your intestine,
473
00:35:37,401 --> 00:35:41,269
with the result that your body fluids
flow straight out
474
00:35:41,739 --> 00:35:44,640
from the raw inside of your intestine
475
00:35:45,376 --> 00:35:48,607
and you literally dry out.
476
00:36:41,299 --> 00:36:42,823
This is the menu of a meal
477
00:36:42,900 --> 00:36:46,131
prepared by the welfare section
of the Civil Defence Corps
478
00:36:46,304 --> 00:36:50,900
during an exercise supposed to take
place after a thermo-nuclear attack.
479
00:36:51,842 --> 00:36:54,367
"Braised steak, carrots, sprouts,"
480
00:36:54,512 --> 00:36:56,241
roast and mashed potatoes,
481
00:36:56,414 --> 00:36:59,906
"steamed pudding,
apple pie and custard."
482
00:37:05,790 --> 00:37:07,951
After a nuclear attack
on the United States,
483
00:37:08,092 --> 00:37:10,959
would Americans live
as they're accustomed to,
484
00:37:11,095 --> 00:37:15,532
with automobiles, ranch houses,
television, freezers and so on?
485
00:37:15,666 --> 00:37:17,531
No-one can say.
486
00:37:17,668 --> 00:37:22,935
We've got a bathful of water that
hasn't been changed now for 5 days.
487
00:37:23,207 --> 00:37:25,698
It's all the water we've got.
488
00:37:25,910 --> 00:37:28,242
We have to drink from it
489
00:37:28,479 --> 00:37:30,811
and have to cook with it
490
00:37:31,015 --> 00:37:32,505
and wash with it.
491
00:37:33,884 --> 00:37:36,512
At Hiroshima and Nagasaki,
492
00:37:37,054 --> 00:37:38,885
the population 3 months later
493
00:37:39,724 --> 00:37:43,956
was found to be apathetic
and profoundly lethargic,
494
00:37:44,262 --> 00:37:46,355
people living often
in their own filth,
495
00:37:47,431 --> 00:37:48,898
in total dejection
496
00:37:49,367 --> 00:37:50,834
and inertia.
497
00:38:01,879 --> 00:38:05,679
This baby boy has been
bitten on the arm by a rat.
498
00:38:06,050 --> 00:38:10,350
There are now no medicines or drugs
available to prevent the disease
499
00:38:10,855 --> 00:38:12,447
which may well follow.
500
00:38:13,791 --> 00:38:17,249
I was carrying
a loaf of bread home today
501
00:38:17,461 --> 00:38:20,988
from my mother
who had given it to me,
502
00:38:21,899 --> 00:38:25,596
when a guy comes up
and offers me a pound for it.
503
00:38:27,705 --> 00:38:29,866
Well, what could I say?
504
00:38:30,941 --> 00:38:32,932
You can't eat a pound note.
505
00:38:37,615 --> 00:38:40,914
In the face of growing hunger riots,
it is very possible
506
00:38:41,085 --> 00:38:46,148
that dwindling supplies of food would
finally be kept as a form of bonus,
507
00:38:46,290 --> 00:38:50,818
for those who perform the precarious
maintenance of law and order.
508
00:38:51,028 --> 00:38:52,620
The result of such partial feeding
509
00:38:52,763 --> 00:38:55,163
would in itself be almost inevitable.
510
00:39:04,608 --> 00:39:09,602
On this day, the first food rioter
is killed by the police in Kent.
511
00:39:16,087 --> 00:39:18,555
Tell them to go back.
512
00:39:18,656 --> 00:39:19,953
One in the air.
513
00:39:24,762 --> 00:39:26,059
Two days later,
514
00:39:26,197 --> 00:39:28,062
as a direct result of this incident,
515
00:39:28,199 --> 00:39:32,135
a police ammunition truck
and its contents are seized
516
00:39:32,269 --> 00:39:34,931
and its volunteer drivers murdered.
517
00:39:38,476 --> 00:39:40,671
String him up!
518
00:39:58,729 --> 00:40:01,960
In Germany during the last war,
it was noticed that,
519
00:40:02,099 --> 00:40:05,557
with people who'd suffered
personal loss or deprivation,
520
00:40:05,703 --> 00:40:09,070
even amongst the so-called
decent middle class,
521
00:40:09,206 --> 00:40:13,404
there was a tendency to develop
indifference towards the law
522
00:40:13,544 --> 00:40:16,570
and to indulge in looting,
black market and petty theft.
523
00:40:18,482 --> 00:40:21,918
This is a Government
Food Control Centre,
524
00:40:22,052 --> 00:40:26,580
seized and pilfered
by armed anti-authority elements.
525
00:40:26,724 --> 00:40:30,558
This is Mrs Joyce Fisher
from Gravesend.
526
00:40:30,661 --> 00:40:32,390
She was a housewife.
527
00:40:32,663 --> 00:40:34,597
Three yards from her,
528
00:40:34,732 --> 00:40:37,132
the bodies of the military guard.
529
00:40:40,671 --> 00:40:45,199
When morale falls,
ideals fall and may go
530
00:40:45,309 --> 00:40:49,473
and behaviour becomes more primitive,
more a thing of instinct.
531
00:40:50,648 --> 00:40:55,312
Three clays later, the first policemen
in Kent are killed.
532
00:41:03,761 --> 00:41:06,127
Within the next 15 years,
533
00:41:06,263 --> 00:41:11,860
possibly another 12 countries will
have acquired thermo-nuclear weapons.
534
00:41:11,969 --> 00:41:13,300
For this reason,
535
00:41:13,437 --> 00:41:18,374
if not through accident
or the impulses of man himself,
536
00:41:18,809 --> 00:41:21,039
it is now more than possible
537
00:41:21,178 --> 00:41:24,011
that what you have seen happen
in this film
538
00:41:24,148 --> 00:41:28,676
will have taken place
before the year 1980.
539
00:41:29,720 --> 00:41:31,449
On the authority
of the regional commissioner,
540
00:41:31,589 --> 00:41:34,922
under article 17,
dealing with civil disturbances
541
00:41:35,059 --> 00:41:39,086
and the prevention of Crown-appointed
officers from carrying out their duty,
542
00:41:39,230 --> 00:41:42,324
John Edward Jarrett
and William Michael Eades
543
00:41:42,466 --> 00:41:45,162
are hereby sentenced to death
by firing squad.
544
00:41:46,237 --> 00:41:48,432
May God have mercy on their souls.
545
00:41:48,873 --> 00:41:50,067
Kneel.
546
00:41:50,541 --> 00:41:53,305
We will say
the Lord's Prayer together.
547
00:41:58,716 --> 00:42:01,480
Our Father which art in heaven,
548
00:42:01,719 --> 00:42:04,051
Hallowed be thy name.
549
00:42:04,221 --> 00:42:05,848
Thy kingdom come.
550
00:42:05,990 --> 00:42:08,015
Thy will be done on earth,
551
00:42:08,192 --> 00:42:10,319
as it is in heaven.
552
00:42:10,494 --> 00:42:13,793
Give us this day our daily bread.
553
00:42:13,964 --> 00:42:16,398
And forgive us our trespasses,
554
00:42:16,534 --> 00:42:19,799
as we forgive them
that trespass against us.
555
00:42:20,971 --> 00:42:23,064
And lead us not into temptation,
556
00:42:23,207 --> 00:42:25,198
but deliver us from evil.
557
00:42:26,377 --> 00:42:27,776
Amen.
558
00:42:33,884 --> 00:42:38,048
Father, have mercy upon their souls,
559
00:42:38,255 --> 00:42:40,746
for they know not what they do.
560
00:42:41,392 --> 00:42:42,620
Take aim.
561
00:42:44,862 --> 00:42:46,124
Fire.
562
00:42:52,069 --> 00:42:57,974
For those who haven't had access
to orange juice, fresh vegetables,
563
00:42:58,108 --> 00:43:02,169
vitamin C in general,
and that'll be most people,
564
00:43:02,313 --> 00:43:07,808
haemorrhages around the gums will
set in at about the 4 month stage
565
00:43:07,952 --> 00:43:11,319
and then you're into
the initial stages of scurvy,
566
00:43:11,422 --> 00:43:13,549
with swelling of the ankles
567
00:43:13,691 --> 00:43:16,524
and bleeding into
the joints of your body.
568
00:43:26,036 --> 00:43:28,402
December the 25th.
569
00:43:28,539 --> 00:43:31,940
A refugee compound in Dover, Kent,
570
00:43:32,076 --> 00:43:35,045
four months after the attack.
571
00:43:46,690 --> 00:43:50,285
Due to radiation,
this little boy has only half
572
00:43:50,427 --> 00:43:53,487
the requisite number
of red blood corpuscles.
573
00:43:53,697 --> 00:43:56,222
He will be bedridden for seven years.
574
00:43:56,333 --> 00:43:57,857
Then he will die.
575
00:43:58,202 --> 00:44:01,035
This happened at Hiroshima.
576
00:44:01,705 --> 00:44:03,730
This girl is pregnant.
577
00:44:03,974 --> 00:44:07,068
Because of her constant exposure
to radiation,
578
00:44:07,211 --> 00:44:11,705
she has no idea whether or not
her baby will be born alive.
579
00:44:22,926 --> 00:44:27,158
The thing that terrifies me most
is the little ones.
580
00:44:28,932 --> 00:44:33,631
If they've suffered badly
from the effects of...
581
00:44:33,771 --> 00:44:38,799
of the sight of this horror
and destruction,
582
00:44:39,977 --> 00:44:43,572
it is probable that as a consequence
583
00:44:43,714 --> 00:44:50,517
some of them may suffer
terrible character disorders.
584
00:44:54,224 --> 00:44:56,385
One just doesn't know.
585
00:44:57,561 --> 00:45:02,897
I saw one of the little boys
in the compound here yesterday.
586
00:45:04,134 --> 00:45:07,035
He was bouncing around,
587
00:45:07,171 --> 00:45:10,163
playing hopscotch I think,
588
00:45:10,307 --> 00:45:13,071
and suddenly he sat down
589
00:45:14,178 --> 00:45:16,840
as though he were very tired
590
00:45:18,382 --> 00:45:21,818
and his face went listless
591
00:45:23,253 --> 00:45:26,222
like that of an old man.
592
00:45:27,691 --> 00:45:31,457
These children
are orphans of the attack.
593
00:45:31,562 --> 00:45:36,226
They were each asked what they
now wanted to grow up to be.
594
00:45:36,366 --> 00:45:38,732
I don't want to be nothing.
595
00:45:38,869 --> 00:45:40,734
Neither do I.
596
00:45:40,871 --> 00:45:42,998
I don't want to be nothing.
597
00:45:43,107 --> 00:45:46,042
Neither do I want to be nothing.
598
00:45:53,717 --> 00:45:58,450
On almost the entire subject
of thermo-nuclear weapons,
599
00:45:58,589 --> 00:46:01,023
on the problems of their possession,
600
00:46:01,158 --> 00:46:03,854
on the effects of their use,
601
00:46:03,994 --> 00:46:08,693
there is now practically
a total silence in the press,
602
00:46:08,832 --> 00:46:13,235
in official publications
and on television.
603
00:46:15,205 --> 00:46:20,973
There is hope in any unresolved
and unpredictable situation.
604
00:46:22,746 --> 00:46:27,945
But is there a real hope
to be found in this silence?
605
00:46:30,487 --> 00:46:33,888
The world's stockpile
of thermo-nuclear weapons
606
00:46:33,991 --> 00:46:38,291
has doubled
within the last 5 years
607
00:46:38,428 --> 00:46:43,627
and now is the equivalent of almost
20 tons of high explosive
608
00:46:43,767 --> 00:46:48,864
to every man, woman and child
on the planet.
609
00:46:50,908 --> 00:46:57,040
This stockpile
is still steadily growing.
52442
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