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To each of them
Russia has probably allocated...
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00:00:44,111 --> 00:00:47,819
...a certain number of her
intermediate-range nuclear missiles,
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00:00:47,919 --> 00:00:49,227
which are at this moment...
4
00:00:49,327 --> 00:00:53,747
...pointing at military objectives
in Western Europe.
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00:00:53,840 --> 00:00:55,691
And to each of these locations,
6
00:00:55,791 --> 00:00:57,740
being those 25 key cities...
7
00:00:57,840 --> 00:01:02,347
...in which reside almost one third
of the entire population of Britain,
8
00:01:02,447 --> 00:01:04,171
Russia has probably allocated...
9
00:01:04,271 --> 00:01:09,031
...a further unknown quantity
of thermo-nuclear missiles.
10
00:01:09,552 --> 00:01:12,748
Each of these cities
and each of these airfields...
11
00:01:12,848 --> 00:01:14,860
...combine to crowd into Britain...
12
00:01:14,960 --> 00:01:18,731
...more potential nuclear targets
per acre of land mass...
13
00:01:18,831 --> 00:01:22,401
...than in any other country in the world.
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00:01:24,399 --> 00:01:27,307
London,
Friday the 16th of September.
15
00:01:27,407 --> 00:01:30,124
It's just been confirmed that late last night,
16
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to show collective Communist support...
17
00:01:32,367 --> 00:01:34,859
...for the Chinese
invasion of South Vietnam,
18
00:01:34,959 --> 00:01:36,811
the Russian and East German authorities...
19
00:01:36,911 --> 00:01:39,947
...have sealed off all access
to the city of Berlin...
20
00:01:40,047 --> 00:01:41,196
...and have stated their intention...
21
00:01:41,296 --> 00:01:45,292
...of occupying the western half
of the city within 48 hours...
22
00:01:45,392 --> 00:01:48,747
...unless the Americans in Vietnam
withdraw yesterday's decision...
23
00:01:48,847 --> 00:01:53,324
...to use tactical nuclear weapons
against invading Chinese forces.
24
00:01:53,424 --> 00:01:54,540
Here in Britain,
25
00:01:54,640 --> 00:01:58,027
Her Majesty's Government has declared
a state of national emergency...
26
00:01:58,127 --> 00:02:01,196
...to last the duration of the present crisis.
27
00:02:01,296 --> 00:02:05,900
As from 12 noon today, the central
government will cease to function...
28
00:02:06,000 --> 00:02:07,755
...and the administration of the country...
29
00:02:07,855 --> 00:02:11,212
...will be handled
by 15 regional commissioners.
30
00:02:11,312 --> 00:02:15,563
A network of emergency committees
consisting of local councillors...
31
00:02:15,663 --> 00:02:20,204
...is being set up in every major town
and county borough in the country.
32
00:02:20,304 --> 00:02:23,467
In view of the seriousness
of the international situation,
33
00:02:23,567 --> 00:02:25,163
Her Majesty's Government has decided...
34
00:02:25,263 --> 00:02:27,947
...that the first task of these committees...
35
00:02:28,047 --> 00:02:32,043
...will be to implement the evacuation
of a certain proportion of civilians...
36
00:02:32,143 --> 00:02:35,660
...to safer areas in Wales,
the Lake District,
37
00:02:35,760 --> 00:02:37,867
pans of Northumberland,
the Midlands,
38
00:02:37,967 --> 00:02:41,962
southwest England, Dorset,
East Sussex and Kent.
39
00:02:42,159 --> 00:02:46,027
In accordance with the 1962
Government plan for evacuation,
40
00:02:46,127 --> 00:02:47,532
this dispersal is to apply...
41
00:02:47,632 --> 00:02:51,468
...only to certain specified
classes of civilians.
42
00:02:51,568 --> 00:02:53,388
As from 0900 tomorrow,
43
00:02:53,488 --> 00:02:57,132
we are to receive a total quota
of 60,000 evacuees...
44
00:02:57,232 --> 00:02:59,653
...in five priority classes.
45
00:02:59,760 --> 00:03:03,531
Class one: children under 15
travelling with mothers.
46
00:03:03,631 --> 00:03:06,795
Class two: schoolchildren
under the age of 18.
47
00:03:06,895 --> 00:03:10,059
Class three: adolescents
under the age of 18.
48
00:03:10,159 --> 00:03:12,396
Class four: expectant mothers.
49
00:03:12,496 --> 00:03:16,492
Class five: people who are blind,
crippled, aged or infirm.
50
00:03:16,592 --> 00:03:19,907
Are there any fathers?
- No. No fathers.
51
00:03:22,031 --> 00:03:25,740
This woman is arriving
from Bermondsey into Kent.
52
00:03:25,840 --> 00:03:28,779
She and the other women
on this evacuation bus...
53
00:03:28,879 --> 00:03:33,964
...have had to leave their husbands
and elder sons behind in London.
54
00:03:34,064 --> 00:03:36,811
According to the last published
government plan,
55
00:03:36,911 --> 00:03:40,363
there is no provision made for
granting the facilities of evacuation...
56
00:03:40,463 --> 00:03:44,173
...to able-bodied men over the age of 18.
57
00:03:44,559 --> 00:03:47,499
It is therefore even at this early point...
58
00:03:47,599 --> 00:03:51,679
...that an attempt at
mass evacuation might fail,
59
00:03:51,695 --> 00:03:53,772
because it's not known how many women...
60
00:03:53,872 --> 00:03:57,451
...would refuse to leave
their husband and their home...
61
00:03:57,551 --> 00:04:01,227
...to journey with restricted
possessions to an unknown town,
62
00:04:01,327 --> 00:04:06,087
there to be compulsorily billeted
with an unknown family.
63
00:04:09,488 --> 00:04:12,524
Prepare yourself tomorrow
to receive 10 evacuees,
64
00:04:12,624 --> 00:04:14,731
arriving from the London area
sometime tomorrow morning.
65
00:04:14,831 --> 00:04:17,451
What am I going to feed them on?
- It's up to you, madam.
66
00:04:17,551 --> 00:04:19,551
Are they coloured?
67
00:04:21,487 --> 00:04:25,708
Within a country where there is still
a degree of racial and social prejudice,
68
00:04:25,808 --> 00:04:29,548
where there is still a shortage
of housing and living space,
69
00:04:29,648 --> 00:04:32,715
a number of measures
would almost certainly be necessary...
70
00:04:32,815 --> 00:04:38,340
...in attempting the evacuation
of an estimated 10 million people.
71
00:04:38,800 --> 00:04:42,284
For this woman, the compulsory
sheltering and feeding...
72
00:04:42,384 --> 00:04:44,522
...of an extra 8 people.
73
00:04:48,559 --> 00:04:51,051
For the family who have fled this house,
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00:04:51,151 --> 00:04:54,551
the immediate requisition of their home.
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00:04:56,015 --> 00:05:00,331
For this man, perhaps imprisonment
if he refuses to billet.
76
00:05:00,431 --> 00:05:02,891
8 evacuees for you.
- 8? I'm not having 8.
77
00:05:02,991 --> 00:05:04,267
Sorry, sir. You've got to take 8.
78
00:05:04,367 --> 00:05:06,892
I don't mind two. I haven't got
enough food in there for 8.
79
00:05:06,992 --> 00:05:08,235
Don't argue. Don't argue.
80
00:05:08,335 --> 00:05:11,275
I remind you that,
under the emergency regulations,
81
00:05:11,375 --> 00:05:14,731
with 4 rooms and a kitchen you can
be forced to take 8 people.
82
00:05:14,831 --> 00:05:16,651
Bloody hell.
83
00:05:16,751 --> 00:05:18,379
Should Britain ever thus attempt...
84
00:05:18,479 --> 00:05:22,731
...the evacuation of nearly 20%
of her entire population,
85
00:05:22,831 --> 00:05:26,826
such scenes as these
would be almost inevitable.
86
00:05:28,591 --> 00:05:31,787
All citizens resident within this area...
87
00:05:31,887 --> 00:05:35,883
...are requested to proceed immediately
to the municipal offices...
88
00:05:35,983 --> 00:05:40,043
...to collect emergency identification
papers and ration cards.
89
00:05:40,143 --> 00:05:41,100
Name?
90
00:05:41,200 --> 00:05:44,043
Sue Wilkinson, 159 Thornton Avenue.
91
00:05:44,143 --> 00:05:48,843
Widow, children aged 19 and 21:
non-supplementary ration card.
92
00:05:48,943 --> 00:05:52,171
This entitles you to a basic ration
per week of two ounces of butter,
93
00:05:52,271 --> 00:05:53,803
a half a pound of margarine,
94
00:05:53,903 --> 00:05:55,723
two ounces of tea,
a quarter-pound of sugar,
95
00:05:55,823 --> 00:05:58,155
two eggs,
a half a pint of milk when available,
96
00:05:58,255 --> 00:06:00,300
a quarter-pound of meat,
two loaves of bread,
97
00:06:00,400 --> 00:06:04,492
a pound of potatoes when available
and two ounces of bacon.
98
00:06:04,592 --> 00:06:07,595
It has been estimated that,
even if there were no war,
99
00:06:07,695 --> 00:06:12,299
Britain would need between 1%
to 4 years to recover economically...
100
00:06:12,399 --> 00:06:16,904
...from the effects of full-scale
civilian evacuation.
101
00:06:17,615 --> 00:06:19,740
And, if there were a war,
102
00:06:19,823 --> 00:06:24,715
at least 20% of even the areas
into which people had been evacuated...
103
00:06:24,815 --> 00:06:27,915
...would themselves be rendered
totally uninhabitable...
104
00:06:28,015 --> 00:06:31,500
...by the resulting radioactive fail-out.
105
00:06:35,183 --> 00:06:40,364
Carbon-H is one of the most dangerous
elements of radioactive fall-out.
106
00:06:40,464 --> 00:06:44,034
Do you know what it does
to the human body?
107
00:06:44,207 --> 00:06:45,803
I'm sorry. I haven't heard of it.
108
00:06:45,903 --> 00:06:49,483
I'm afraid I don't know much
about atomic radiation at all.
109
00:06:49,583 --> 00:06:51,275
No, I don't.
110
00:06:51,375 --> 00:06:53,755
No, I'm sorry. I don't know.
111
00:07:03,535 --> 00:07:07,700
Do you know what strontium-Ml is
and what it does?
112
00:07:12,335 --> 00:07:14,630
No. No, I'm afraid I don't.
113
00:07:14,735 --> 00:07:15,371
No, I don't.
114
00:07:15,471 --> 00:07:17,992
I've no idea really.
115
00:07:18,095 --> 00:07:23,365
I know it's some sort of gunpowder
or something, that blows up.
116
00:07:25,807 --> 00:07:26,731
In Berlin...
117
00:07:26,831 --> 00:07:32,441
...with rioting West German civilians
and armed East German police,
118
00:07:33,071 --> 00:07:34,987
there would probably be found...
119
00:07:35,087 --> 00:07:37,637
...the necessary flash point.
120
00:07:58,607 --> 00:08:00,607
Berlin?
121
00:08:01,007 --> 00:08:03,727
No. They've had all this before.
122
00:08:04,271 --> 00:08:06,271
I think it'll die down.
123
00:08:11,311 --> 00:08:15,136
I don't think there's
anything to worry about.
124
00:08:16,655 --> 00:08:20,267
No, there won't be a war.
I'm quite convinced of that.
125
00:08:20,367 --> 00:08:22,123
September the 17th.
126
00:08:22,223 --> 00:08:26,411
British Civil Defence deliver
to the public for the first time...
127
00:08:26,511 --> 00:08:30,667
...details of the hazards to be expected
from radioactive fall-out.
128
00:08:30,767 --> 00:08:33,835
Would you please read this booklet
and carry out the instructions.
129
00:08:33,935 --> 00:08:35,019
But what is it?
130
00:08:35,119 --> 00:08:38,027
It's a Civil Defence booklet, 'Your
Protection Against Nuclear Attack'.
131
00:08:38,127 --> 00:08:40,677
But I...
- Good morning, madam.
132
00:08:41,199 --> 00:08:42,987
Excuse me.
133
00:08:43,087 --> 00:08:44,235
What are you doing here exactly?
134
00:08:44,335 --> 00:08:47,563
We're issuing to as many householders
as possible a copy of this booklet,
135
00:08:47,663 --> 00:08:50,475
which tells them how to prepare their
houses against blast and fall-out.
136
00:08:50,575 --> 00:08:52,459
Have people not seen this booklet before?
137
00:08:52,559 --> 00:08:56,171
A copy was prepared some years
ago but it didn't sell very well.
138
00:08:56,271 --> 00:09:01,031
It wasn't... It wasn't free?
- Oh, no. It cost ninepence.
139
00:09:01,519 --> 00:09:04,664
The siren system is now being tested.
140
00:09:04,751 --> 00:09:07,819
Tests will cease in a quarter of an hour.
141
00:09:07,919 --> 00:09:11,659
It's been estimated that,
by the time an incoming missile attack...
142
00:09:11,759 --> 00:09:15,563
...could be confirmed to
the British National Siren System,
143
00:09:15,663 --> 00:09:19,083
there would remain before impact
a warning time...
144
00:09:19,183 --> 00:09:23,077
...of approximately 2% to 3 minutes.
145
00:09:23,791 --> 00:09:27,275
And should the attacking missiles
be launched from submarines...
146
00:09:27,375 --> 00:09:30,123
...lying off the shores of Britain,
147
00:09:30,223 --> 00:09:33,963
the warning time
could be less than 30 seconds.
148
00:09:34,063 --> 00:09:35,115
Move along, there.
149
00:09:35,215 --> 00:09:38,219
The Civil Defence report have said
that we were going to get...
150
00:09:38,319 --> 00:09:43,759
...stuff to shore up our windows and
barricade ourselves in with.
151
00:09:43,887 --> 00:09:45,771
They didn't tell us where to get it.
152
00:09:45,871 --> 00:09:49,675
I've been around three places already
and all the stuffs gone.
153
00:09:49,775 --> 00:09:50,795
And the prices...
154
00:09:50,895 --> 00:09:53,195
My prices at the moment run as follows:
155
00:09:53,295 --> 00:09:56,331
hessian sacks for sandbags, 10 for £1;
156
00:09:56,431 --> 00:09:59,435
sand to put in them,
24 shillings per cubic yard;
157
00:09:59,535 --> 00:10:02,601
soil, £710s per 5 cubic yards;
158
00:10:02,767 --> 00:10:05,912
deal planks, 8d to a shilling per ft.
159
00:10:05,967 --> 00:10:10,727
How much money have you to
spend on building your refuge?
160
00:10:10,735 --> 00:10:12,735
Well...
161
00:10:13,071 --> 00:10:18,090
Well, I can't afford more than
17/6 to £1 at the very most.
162
00:10:18,415 --> 00:10:19,659
For this amount of money,
163
00:10:19,759 --> 00:10:23,370
she may purchase
8 sandbags and 6 planks.
164
00:10:23,631 --> 00:10:25,514
A friend of mine's a building contractor...
165
00:10:25,614 --> 00:10:28,267
...and he's fixed me up with some stuff.
166
00:10:28,367 --> 00:10:31,882
I've got this out here
which should help a bit...
167
00:10:31,982 --> 00:10:33,982
...and inside I've...
168
00:10:34,351 --> 00:10:37,241
I've built a refuge like they say.
169
00:10:37,486 --> 00:10:39,403
I reckon it should be pretty strong,
170
00:10:39,503 --> 00:10:41,503
hold up quite well.
171
00:10:41,615 --> 00:10:46,443
And I had a few sandbags left over
so I built another out in the garden.
172
00:10:46,543 --> 00:10:49,611
It is likely that many thousands
of families in Britain...
173
00:10:49,711 --> 00:10:53,547
...would be unable to meet the cost
of even one substantial shelter...
174
00:10:53,647 --> 00:10:57,131
...and a Government shelter programme
for every person in the country...
175
00:10:57,231 --> 00:11:01,821
...would cost an estimated
two thousand million pounds.
176
00:11:02,191 --> 00:11:04,777
And I keep this here.
177
00:11:06,767 --> 00:11:08,907
And I certainly intend to use it...
178
00:11:09,007 --> 00:11:11,499
...if anyone attempts
to break into the shelter with me.
179
00:11:11,599 --> 00:11:16,907
A recent American religious journal
told its Christian readers...
180
00:11:17,007 --> 00:11:20,523
...to think twice before they rashly
gave their family shelter space...
181
00:11:20,623 --> 00:11:24,108
...to neighbours or the passing stranger.
182
00:11:25,038 --> 00:11:26,699
September the 18th.
183
00:11:26,799 --> 00:11:29,482
One hour ago, following
an armed entry into West Berlin...
184
00:11:29,582 --> 00:11:31,531
...by Russian and East German troops,
185
00:11:31,631 --> 00:11:36,523
two NATO armoured divisions attempted
to force an entry through to the city...
186
00:11:36,623 --> 00:11:40,363
...and were themselves overrun
by outnumbering Communist forces.
187
00:11:40,463 --> 00:11:41,995
Faced with this situation,
188
00:11:42,095 --> 00:11:45,450
it is possible that the American
president would have no choice...
189
00:11:45,550 --> 00:11:49,867
...but to threaten to release tactical
nuclear warheads to the forces of NATO...
190
00:11:49,967 --> 00:11:52,235
...to show collective determination...
191
00:11:52,335 --> 00:11:55,115
...in the event of a possible Russian attack.
192
00:11:55,215 --> 00:11:56,651
Faced with this situation,
193
00:11:56,751 --> 00:12:00,810
the Soviet premier would possibly
be left with no alternative...
194
00:12:00,910 --> 00:12:04,055
...but to call this bluff and attack.
195
00:12:04,494 --> 00:12:06,603
The local area commander...
196
00:12:06,703 --> 00:12:09,867
...has authorised the release
of tactical nuclear weapons...
197
00:12:09,967 --> 00:12:12,843
...to the British, French and Bundeswehr.
198
00:12:12,943 --> 00:12:16,521
15 crew up for a fast sequence of firing.
199
00:12:18,286 --> 00:12:21,035
This is a tactical nuclear missile.
200
00:12:21,135 --> 00:12:24,971
It has a warhead
equivalent to one Hiroshima bomb.
201
00:12:25,071 --> 00:12:27,338
It is called an Honest John.
202
00:12:27,438 --> 00:12:29,835
The Honest John, the Mace,
the Corporal,
203
00:12:29,935 --> 00:12:31,499
the Pershing, the Sergeant.
204
00:12:31,599 --> 00:12:32,939
And if things don't get better soon...
205
00:12:33,039 --> 00:12:36,299
...all these weapons are going to be
slamming away nuclear warheads...
206
00:12:36,399 --> 00:12:38,779
...and then God help us all.
207
00:12:39,023 --> 00:12:43,754
It is now planned to increase
NATO reliability on nuclear missiles,
208
00:12:43,854 --> 00:12:47,531
even should the Russians attack
using ordinary weapons.
209
00:12:47,631 --> 00:12:51,786
Thus it is possible for the Allies
to be the first to press the button...
210
00:12:51,886 --> 00:12:53,886
...in a nuclear war.
211
00:12:58,543 --> 00:13:01,163
Did you know this?
- No, I did not.
212
00:13:01,263 --> 00:13:02,667
I was vaguely aware of it.
213
00:13:02,767 --> 00:13:04,971
Yes, I did know and I think it's disgraceful.
214
00:13:05,071 --> 00:13:06,731
No, I didn't know this at all.
215
00:13:06,831 --> 00:13:10,231
No. I should think it'd be a good thing.
216
00:13:25,839 --> 00:13:27,691
David Edward Thornley.
217
00:13:27,791 --> 00:13:29,791
Age 37.
218
00:13:29,871 --> 00:13:32,170
General practitioner in medicine,
219
00:13:32,270 --> 00:13:36,202
now on the staff of one of a series
of emergency medical-aid units...
220
00:13:36,302 --> 00:13:39,850
...being established
in preparation for a nuclear strike.
221
00:13:39,950 --> 00:13:42,438
Time 9: 1' 1' am.
222
00:13:42,543 --> 00:13:44,615
September the 18th.
223
00:13:44,846 --> 00:13:48,234
Dr Thornley stops
to make an emergency call.
224
00:13:48,334 --> 00:13:50,723
Berwick Street, Canterbury,
225
00:13:50,991 --> 00:13:55,666
12 miles from the airfield
at Mansion on the Kent coast.
226
00:14:02,287 --> 00:14:03,594
Good morning, Doctor.
- Morning.
227
00:14:03,694 --> 00:14:05,227
Come in, please.
- What's the trouble today?
228
00:14:05,327 --> 00:14:07,211
She's been running a temperature all night.
229
00:14:07,311 --> 00:14:11,370
Of the 750 intermediate-range
ballistic missiles...
230
00:14:11,470 --> 00:14:13,323
...at present held by the Russians...
231
00:14:13,423 --> 00:14:17,067
...and targeted on the European
countries of the NATO alliance,
232
00:14:17,167 --> 00:14:20,811
it is believed that a considerable
number are liquid-fuelled...
233
00:14:20,911 --> 00:14:23,546
...and are stored above ground.
234
00:14:23,791 --> 00:14:28,394
Such missiles are therefore
themselves extremely vulnerable...
235
00:14:28,494 --> 00:14:32,619
...and, rather than risk losing them
in a counter-bombardment,
236
00:14:32,719 --> 00:14:35,978
it is likely that the Russians
would have no alternative...
237
00:14:36,078 --> 00:14:41,603
...but to fire all of them at a very
early stage in such a crisis.
238
00:14:42,894 --> 00:14:45,196
Time 9:13 am.
239
00:14:53,583 --> 00:14:56,813
Quick, let's get back.
There's no time.
240
00:14:56,942 --> 00:14:59,722
Hurry up inside the house. Quickly.
241
00:14:59,822 --> 00:15:02,882
Move. Come on, come on.
Quick, quick.
242
00:15:02,927 --> 00:15:06,506
This family couldn't afford
to build themselves a refuge.
243
00:15:06,606 --> 00:15:11,050
This could be the way the last two
minutes of peace in Britain would look.
244
00:15:11,150 --> 00:15:15,230
Stay away from the windows.
Get all the children.
245
00:15:15,407 --> 00:15:17,512
Peter. Tony. Tony.
246
00:15:18,351 --> 00:15:22,091
Where is he? Where is he?
Think. Where is he?
247
00:15:22,318 --> 00:15:26,187
Nurse, quick. There's a boy outside.
Go and fetch him as quickly as you can.
248
00:15:26,287 --> 00:15:27,883
9:16 am.
249
00:15:27,983 --> 00:15:32,106
A single megaton nuclear missile
overshoots Mansion airfield in Kent...
250
00:15:32,206 --> 00:15:35,946
...and airbursts 6 miles from this position.
251
00:15:41,583 --> 00:15:42,859
At this distance,
252
00:15:42,959 --> 00:15:46,987
the heatwave is sufficient to cause
melting of the upturned eyeball,
253
00:15:47,087 --> 00:15:52,017
third-degree burning of the skin
and ignition of furniture.
254
00:15:56,655 --> 00:16:00,055
12 seconds later,
the shock from arrives.
255
00:16:25,711 --> 00:16:29,258
At 7/10ths of a millisecond
after the explosion,
256
00:16:29,358 --> 00:16:31,690
and at a distance of 60 miles,
257
00:16:31,790 --> 00:16:36,011
the light from the fireball of a
single megaton thermo-nuclear device...
258
00:16:36,111 --> 00:16:39,851
...is 30 times brighter than the midday sun.
259
00:16:39,918 --> 00:16:43,243
This little boy has received
severe retinal burns...
260
00:16:43,343 --> 00:16:46,318
...from an explosion 27 miles away.
261
00:16:46,319 --> 00:16:48,319
Give him to me.
262
00:16:48,399 --> 00:16:50,399
What's the matter?
263
00:16:52,750 --> 00:16:56,940
This house lies 29 miles
from Mansion airfield...
264
00:16:57,071 --> 00:17:00,981
...and 41 miles
from Gatwick Airport in Sussex.
265
00:17:07,023 --> 00:17:08,139
Under the table.
266
00:17:08,239 --> 00:17:10,239
Under the table.
267
00:17:12,783 --> 00:17:15,850
The blast wave
from a thermo-nuclear explosion...
268
00:17:15,950 --> 00:17:21,900
...has been likened to an enormous door
slamming in the depths of hell.
269
00:17:57,998 --> 00:18:00,587
This is the combined shock from...
270
00:18:00,687 --> 00:18:04,512
...from one dispersal airfield 40 miles away.
271
00:18:10,447 --> 00:18:14,357
There are in Britain at least 60 such targets.
272
00:18:19,918 --> 00:18:21,918
Rochester in Kent,
273
00:18:21,967 --> 00:18:24,432
now two square miles of fire,
274
00:18:24,462 --> 00:18:26,698
resulting from the heat
of a thermo-nuclear missile,
275
00:18:26,798 --> 00:18:31,813
which has exploded off-course
on its path to London Airport.
276
00:18:33,583 --> 00:18:37,131
This is the phenomenon which could
perhaps happen in Britain...
277
00:18:37,231 --> 00:18:40,842
...following a nuclear strike
against certain of our cities.
278
00:18:40,942 --> 00:18:43,531
This happened
after the bombing of Hamburg,
279
00:18:43,631 --> 00:18:46,979
at Dresden, at Tokyo and at Hiroshima.
280
00:18:47,150 --> 00:18:51,230
This is what is technically known
as a firestorm.
281
00:19:03,054 --> 00:19:06,475
Within its centre, the rising heat
from multiple fires,
282
00:19:06,575 --> 00:19:08,362
caused by both the heat flash...
283
00:19:08,462 --> 00:19:11,658
...and the blast wave
upsetting stoves and open furnaces,
284
00:19:11,758 --> 00:19:13,834
is sucking in ground-level winds...
285
00:19:13,934 --> 00:19:18,157
...at speeds exceeding 100 miles an hour.
286
00:19:18,703 --> 00:19:21,423
This is the wind of a firestorm.
287
00:19:38,830 --> 00:19:40,830
I saw a man...
288
00:19:42,030 --> 00:19:45,576
...get caught by a great gust of wind.
289
00:19:46,895 --> 00:19:50,380
It pulled his jacket right over his head.
290
00:20:17,582 --> 00:20:22,937
I believe that we live in a system
of necessary law and order...
291
00:20:24,943 --> 00:20:29,198
...and I still believe in the war of the just.
292
00:20:31,663 --> 00:20:35,233
Within this car,
a family is burning alive.
293
00:20:43,087 --> 00:20:46,090
Charles Brooks,
chief fire officer of Chatham.
294
00:20:46,190 --> 00:20:49,099
Already three of his appliances
have been smashed,
295
00:20:49,199 --> 00:20:51,199
gutted or overturned.
296
00:20:51,246 --> 00:20:56,331
'Already 17 of his 60 firemen have
been crushed, burnt or killed...
297
00:20:56,431 --> 00:20:58,431
...by flying debris.
298
00:21:02,830 --> 00:21:04,830
This is a firestorm.
299
00:21:05,326 --> 00:21:06,314
Within its centre,
300
00:21:06,414 --> 00:21:11,018
the oxygen is being consumed in every
cellar and every ground-floor room,
301
00:21:11,118 --> 00:21:16,491
to be replaced by the gases of carbon
monoxide, carbon dioxide and methane.
302
00:21:16,591 --> 00:21:21,930
Within its centre, the temperature
is rising to 800 degrees centigrade.
303
00:21:22,030 --> 00:21:24,485
These men are dying...
304
00:21:24,623 --> 00:21:27,768
...both of heatstroke and of gassing.
305
00:21:33,582 --> 00:21:37,418
In the next world war, I believe
that both sides could stop before...
306
00:21:37,518 --> 00:21:39,627
...the ultimate destruction of cities...
307
00:21:39,727 --> 00:21:41,514
...so that both sides could retire...
308
00:21:41,614 --> 00:21:45,387
...for a period of ten years or so
of post-attack recuperation,
309
00:21:45,487 --> 00:21:49,227
in which World Wars 4 to 8
could be prepared.
310
00:21:52,846 --> 00:21:56,490
When the carbon dioxide
content of inhaled air...
311
00:21:56,590 --> 00:21:58,859
...is greater than 30%,
312
00:21:58,990 --> 00:22:02,405
it will cause diminished respiration,
313
00:22:03,023 --> 00:22:05,023
fall of blood pressure,
314
00:22:05,358 --> 00:22:06,763
coma,
315
00:22:06,863 --> 00:22:08,863
loss of reflexes...
316
00:22:09,135 --> 00:22:11,469
...and anaesthesia.
317
00:22:12,590 --> 00:22:20,009
When the carbon monoxide content
of inhaled air exceeds 1.28%,
318
00:22:20,462 --> 00:22:23,179
it will be followed by death...
319
00:22:23,822 --> 00:22:25,862
...within three minutes.
320
00:22:26,254 --> 00:22:28,589
This is nuclear war.
321
00:23:00,014 --> 00:23:01,770
10:47.
322
00:23:01,870 --> 00:23:06,474
Aircraft of the British V-bomber
force near the Russian border.
323
00:23:06,574 --> 00:23:09,062
Their purpose, retaliation.
324
00:23:09,422 --> 00:23:13,066
Their target, people like this.
325
00:23:14,798 --> 00:23:19,114
If the Russians or anyone else
attacked Britain with nuclear weapons,
326
00:23:19,214 --> 00:23:20,810
would you want us to retaliate...
327
00:23:20,910 --> 00:23:24,458
...by destroying an equal number
of Russian cities?
328
00:23:24,558 --> 00:23:26,558
Yes. Yes, I would. Yes.
329
00:23:26,606 --> 00:23:30,474
It's just a vicious circle but
I suppose we should have to retaliate.
330
00:23:30,574 --> 00:23:35,018
People think the British are always
sort of forgiving and forgetting...
331
00:23:35,118 --> 00:23:38,348
...and I think we'd have to retaliate.
332
00:23:53,262 --> 00:23:59,013
I wouldn't want us to stand back
and do nothing about it but...
333
00:24:02,158 --> 00:24:05,130
Yes, I think perhaps...
perhaps I would.
334
00:24:05,230 --> 00:24:07,178
Oh, yes, I think so, definitely.
335
00:24:07,278 --> 00:24:09,278
Yes, I suppose I would.
336
00:24:19,342 --> 00:24:21,977
Technically and intellectually,
337
00:24:22,094 --> 00:24:25,160
we are living in an atomic age.
338
00:24:25,359 --> 00:24:29,734
Emotionally, we are still living
in the Stone Age.
339
00:24:29,966 --> 00:24:35,530
The Aztecs on their feast days would
sacrifice 20,000 men to their gods...
340
00:24:35,630 --> 00:24:39,754
...in the belief that this would keep
the universe on its proper course.
341
00:24:39,854 --> 00:24:42,123
We feel superior to them.
342
00:24:45,518 --> 00:24:49,098
These are the inhabitants
of what was once...
343
00:24:49,198 --> 00:24:52,973
...a housing estate near Rochester in Kent.
344
00:24:53,326 --> 00:24:56,842
Following the explosion
of three single megaton missiles...
345
00:24:56,942 --> 00:24:59,466
...within this one county boundary,
346
00:24:59,566 --> 00:25:02,826
it's been estimated
that each surviving doctor...
347
00:25:02,926 --> 00:25:07,433
...would be faced by at least 350 casualties,
348
00:25:07,758 --> 00:25:12,518
many suffering from severe
second and third degree burns.
349
00:25:13,070 --> 00:25:15,404
I had a little boy with me.
350
00:25:16,814 --> 00:25:19,148
He had his legs burned off.
351
00:25:26,574 --> 00:25:28,574
Some...
352
00:25:29,998 --> 00:25:31,998
Some of the...
353
00:25:32,622 --> 00:25:36,362
Some of these people are just falling apart.
354
00:25:36,878 --> 00:25:40,906
As far as is known, it is at present
planned by the Civil Defence...
355
00:25:41,006 --> 00:25:44,522
...that each doctor, working
in a forward medical-aid unit,
356
00:25:44,622 --> 00:25:49,482
place every casualty into one
of three carefully defined categories...
357
00:25:49,582 --> 00:25:55,145
...to determine whether or not that
casualty is worth hospital treatment.
358
00:25:55,245 --> 00:25:57,482
It's the third category that are worst.
359
00:25:57,582 --> 00:25:59,582
For these...
360
00:25:59,758 --> 00:26:02,311
...it's just hopeless.
361
00:26:02,766 --> 00:26:05,642
So we put them into
what we call the holding section.
362
00:26:05,742 --> 00:26:09,670
These are people with
50% or more body burns.
363
00:26:10,254 --> 00:26:14,570
This doctor knows that each patient
he places in the holding section...
364
00:26:14,670 --> 00:26:18,495
...will be left to die in pain without drugs.
365
00:26:19,822 --> 00:26:23,392
I know what'll be happening in a few days.
366
00:26:25,262 --> 00:26:27,262
They'll be...
367
00:26:27,694 --> 00:26:30,584
They'll be asking me to kill them.
368
00:26:31,022 --> 00:26:35,562
What you are seeing now is
another possible part of nuclear war,
369
00:26:35,662 --> 00:26:39,178
an armed police squad
helping the overburdened doctors...
370
00:26:39,278 --> 00:26:43,613
...to relieve the misery
of those in category three.
371
00:27:00,270 --> 00:27:05,672
If I decide to hit and perhaps kill
another man myself,
372
00:27:05,966 --> 00:27:10,896
then I must be prepared to accept
the moral responsibility.
373
00:27:11,246 --> 00:27:14,473
If I give the Government
the right or the means...
374
00:27:14,573 --> 00:27:16,573
...on my behalf...
375
00:27:16,622 --> 00:27:19,851
...to kill people of another country,
376
00:27:20,014 --> 00:27:22,378
then the situation is no different.
377
00:27:22,478 --> 00:27:26,918
I must again myself accept
the moral responsibility.
378
00:27:28,590 --> 00:27:31,434
It's been estimated
that a nuclear attack on Britain,
379
00:27:31,534 --> 00:27:35,529
using approximately 160
single megaton missiles,
380
00:27:35,598 --> 00:27:37,834
would immediately kill or seriously wound...
381
00:27:37,934 --> 00:27:42,154
...between one third and one half
of her entire population.
382
00:27:42,254 --> 00:27:44,874
It would destroy from 50% to 80%...
383
00:27:44,974 --> 00:27:48,329
...of all her main food production
and storage facilities...
384
00:27:48,429 --> 00:27:53,098
...and from 50% to 80% of
the power plants needed to run them.
385
00:27:53,198 --> 00:27:56,361
Such an attack,
using weapons of one megaton,
386
00:27:56,461 --> 00:27:58,122
could be described as minimal...
387
00:27:58,222 --> 00:28:00,201
...because it's now more than possible...
388
00:28:00,301 --> 00:28:03,306
...that missile warheads
or free-falling bombs...
389
00:28:03,406 --> 00:28:08,506
...of between 5 to 10 times
that power would be used instead.
390
00:28:12,429 --> 00:28:18,379
I think extra numbers would have
made no difference at all to all this.
391
00:28:18,926 --> 00:28:22,755
15 or 20 times the number
of Civil Defence...
392
00:28:23,022 --> 00:28:26,442
...wouldn't have stopped the initial
attack from killing or maiming...
393
00:28:26,542 --> 00:28:28,810
...exactly the same number of people.
394
00:28:28,910 --> 00:28:31,242
It was the title they had all wrong.
395
00:28:31,342 --> 00:28:33,342
Call this defence?
396
00:28:34,958 --> 00:28:39,293
These will be the other casualties
of a nuclear war.
397
00:28:39,917 --> 00:28:41,674
Physically unmarked,
398
00:28:41,774 --> 00:28:44,361
there will almost inevitably be
thousands of people...
399
00:28:44,461 --> 00:28:48,842
...suffering from many complex states
of fear and shock,
400
00:28:48,942 --> 00:28:51,274
due to the things they've seen...
401
00:28:51,374 --> 00:28:55,082
...and the things that
have happened to them.
402
00:28:55,182 --> 00:28:56,810
Many of these people...
403
00:28:56,910 --> 00:29:01,226
...will probably lapse into
a state of permanent neurosis...
404
00:29:01,326 --> 00:29:03,913
...because they will totally outnumber...
405
00:29:04,013 --> 00:29:07,882
...the psychiatric services
needed to cure them.
406
00:29:07,982 --> 00:29:13,067
This, too, will be the legacy
of thermo-nuclear war.
407
00:29:18,542 --> 00:29:22,877
I've already had a dozen or so
of my men go under...
408
00:29:23,502 --> 00:29:25,924
...just with the strain...
409
00:29:27,086 --> 00:29:29,086
...overwork.
410
00:29:29,646 --> 00:29:33,061
People tend to forget that a policeman,
411
00:29:33,421 --> 00:29:35,593
a Civil Defence worker,
412
00:29:36,110 --> 00:29:38,444
anybody like this...
413
00:29:39,630 --> 00:29:41,994
...is just a normal human being,
414
00:29:42,094 --> 00:29:47,309
with normal human reactions
and emotions.
415
00:29:49,326 --> 00:29:53,418
This policeman has spent
the entire rescue period...
416
00:29:53,518 --> 00:29:56,578
...searching for his missing family.
417
00:30:02,221 --> 00:30:04,360
No one's allowed in here.
418
00:30:05,070 --> 00:30:07,175
Go on. Clear off.
419
00:30:08,685 --> 00:30:11,146
Even in the lightly hi.
County of Kent,
420
00:30:11,246 --> 00:30:17,026
there would be immediately an estimated
50,000 corpses to dispose of.
421
00:30:17,966 --> 00:30:21,225
Will you tell us what's going on in there?
422
00:30:21,325 --> 00:30:23,082
They're not allowing
any photographers in there.
423
00:30:23,182 --> 00:30:25,735
Yes, I know but just a minute.
424
00:30:25,838 --> 00:30:29,353
Will you tell us what
they're doing in there, please?
425
00:30:29,453 --> 00:30:32,343
They're simply burning the bodies.
426
00:30:32,398 --> 00:30:37,583
The buildings are full of them.
There's just too many to bury.
427
00:30:38,574 --> 00:30:41,421
The buildings are full...
428
00:30:41,710 --> 00:30:45,962
...so all we can do do is
put them on to raised steel girders...
429
00:30:46,062 --> 00:30:48,298
...and put a fire underneath.
430
00:30:48,398 --> 00:30:50,948
It's just like making a grill.
431
00:30:54,382 --> 00:30:55,978
Two days after the attack,
432
00:30:56,078 --> 00:30:59,914
the military authorities, to stop
the possible spreading of disease,
433
00:31:00,014 --> 00:31:04,842
seal off two square miles of the
damaged area that had been Rochester...
434
00:31:04,942 --> 00:31:09,610
...and arm the surviving police, determined
to prevent by force if necessary...
435
00:31:09,710 --> 00:31:15,660
...relatives of the dead removing bodies
before the process of burning.
436
00:31:15,822 --> 00:31:18,637
We were doing the job,
437
00:31:18,925 --> 00:31:21,097
burning the bodies,
438
00:31:21,326 --> 00:31:25,897
when two of the soldiers said they
weren't going to do it any more.
439
00:31:25,997 --> 00:31:28,842
One of their officers came up
and told them to get on with it...
440
00:31:28,942 --> 00:31:31,152
...and they said no again.
441
00:31:31,342 --> 00:31:34,147
So he shot them both on the spot.
442
00:31:34,797 --> 00:31:37,194
Everything that you are now seeing...
443
00:31:37,294 --> 00:31:41,834
...happened in Germany after
the heavy bombing in the last war.
444
00:31:41,934 --> 00:31:45,034
It would almost certainly
have to happen in Britain...
445
00:31:45,134 --> 00:31:47,273
...after a nuclear war.
446
00:31:47,821 --> 00:31:52,810
Another thing the Germans did
after the bombing on Dresden...
447
00:31:52,910 --> 00:31:57,995
...was they took the wedding rings
from the bodies.
448
00:31:59,374 --> 00:32:05,324
They were trying to identify them
from the inscription inside the ring.
449
00:32:05,326 --> 00:32:07,976
We also are doing this.
450
00:32:09,422 --> 00:32:13,162
We are keeping the rings
in this bucket here.
451
00:32:16,781 --> 00:32:20,873
This is a possible part of nuclear war.
452
00:32:24,365 --> 00:32:26,441
For the following 48 hours,
453
00:32:26,541 --> 00:32:30,602
an estimated one third of
the entire land surface of Britain...
454
00:32:30,702 --> 00:32:33,322
...would be covered
by a total dose of radiation...
455
00:32:33,422 --> 00:32:38,947
...exceeding 10 times the amount needed
to kill a man in the open.
456
00:32:39,213 --> 00:32:40,970
For many of those within this area...
457
00:32:41,070 --> 00:32:44,873
...who had remained even inside
the shelter of their homes,
458
00:32:44,973 --> 00:32:48,288
there would be death within five weeks.
459
00:32:48,461 --> 00:32:52,771
I know a thing or two about
leukaemia and suchlike.
460
00:32:55,021 --> 00:32:57,449
I deliberately haven't spoken
to my wife about this...
461
00:32:57,549 --> 00:32:59,818
...in the last couple of days.
462
00:32:59,918 --> 00:33:01,918
You know, I'm...
463
00:33:02,190 --> 00:33:04,190
I'm so scared.
464
00:33:05,454 --> 00:33:09,024
I just want my kids to grow up,
that's all.
465
00:33:11,149 --> 00:33:14,729
I don't know what's going to be
left of anything.
466
00:33:14,829 --> 00:33:16,869
I can't change that now.
467
00:33:20,110 --> 00:33:22,915
I suppose I'm just being selfish.
468
00:33:23,950 --> 00:33:26,282
I just want my kids to be straight...
469
00:33:26,382 --> 00:33:30,887
...and not to have this poison
working in their bones.
470
00:33:44,397 --> 00:33:48,805
The main effect of exposure
to severe radiation...
471
00:33:49,197 --> 00:33:54,948
...is to stop the renewal of the
cellular lining of your intestine,
472
00:33:55,853 --> 00:33:59,913
with the result that your body fluids
flow straight out...
473
00:34:00,013 --> 00:34:03,401
...from the raw inside of your intestine...
474
00:34:03,501 --> 00:34:06,600
...and you literally dry out.
475
00:34:57,134 --> 00:34:58,569
This is the menu of a meal...
476
00:34:58,669 --> 00:35:01,834
...prepared by the welfare section
of the Civil Defence Corps...
477
00:35:01,934 --> 00:35:07,145
...during an exercise supposed to take
place after a thermo-nuclear attack.
478
00:35:07,245 --> 00:35:09,706
'Braised steak, carrots, sprouts,'
479
00:35:09,806 --> 00:35:11,530
roast and mashed potatoes,
480
00:35:11,630 --> 00:35:15,030
'steamed pudding,
apple pie and custard.'
481
00:35:20,622 --> 00:35:22,729
After a nuclear attack on the United States,
482
00:35:22,829 --> 00:35:25,609
would Americans live
as they're accustomed to,
483
00:35:25,709 --> 00:35:29,993
with automobiles, ranch houses,
television, freezers and so on?
484
00:35:30,093 --> 00:35:31,913
No-one can say.
485
00:35:32,013 --> 00:35:37,225
We've got a bathful of water that
hasn't been changed now for 5 days.
486
00:35:37,325 --> 00:35:39,790
It's all the water we've got.
487
00:35:39,918 --> 00:35:42,213
We have to drink from it...
488
00:35:42,381 --> 00:35:44,713
...and have to cook with it...
489
00:35:44,813 --> 00:35:46,813
...and wash with it.
490
00:35:47,565 --> 00:35:50,085
At Hiroshima and Nagasaki,
491
00:35:50,605 --> 00:35:53,066
the population 3 months later...
492
00:35:53,166 --> 00:35:57,418
...was found to be apathetic
and profoundly lethargic,
493
00:35:57,518 --> 00:36:00,457
people living often in their own filth,
494
00:36:00,557 --> 00:36:02,314
in total dejection...
495
00:36:02,414 --> 00:36:04,414
...and inertia.
496
00:36:14,413 --> 00:36:18,313
This baby boy has been
bitten on the arm by a rat.
497
00:36:18,413 --> 00:36:22,922
There are now no medicines or drugs
available to prevent the disease...
498
00:36:23,022 --> 00:36:25,147
...which may well follow.
499
00:36:25,837 --> 00:36:29,257
I was carrying a loaf of bread home today...
500
00:36:29,357 --> 00:36:32,842
...from my mother who had given it to me,
501
00:36:33,613 --> 00:36:37,693
when a guy comes up
and offers me a pound for it.
502
00:36:39,181 --> 00:36:41,254
Well, what could I say?
503
00:36:42,285 --> 00:36:44,580
You can't eat a pound note.
504
00:36:48,685 --> 00:36:51,913
In the face of growing hunger riots,
it is very possible...
505
00:36:52,013 --> 00:36:56,905
...that dwindling supplies of food would
finally be kept as a form of bonus,
506
00:36:57,005 --> 00:37:01,449
for those who perform the precarious
maintenance of law and order.
507
00:37:01,549 --> 00:37:03,113
The result of such partial feeding...
508
00:37:03,213 --> 00:37:06,613
...would in itself be almost inevitable.
509
00:37:14,573 --> 00:37:20,183
On this day, the first food rioter
is killed by the police in Kent.
510
00:37:25,582 --> 00:37:27,949
Tell them to go back.
511
00:37:28,045 --> 00:37:30,045
One in the air.
512
00:37:33,901 --> 00:37:35,178
Two days later,
513
00:37:35,278 --> 00:37:37,098
as a direct result of this incident,
514
00:37:37,198 --> 00:37:41,001
a police ammunition truck
and its contents are seized...
515
00:37:41,101 --> 00:37:44,331
...and its volunteer drivers murdered.
516
00:37:47,054 --> 00:37:49,159
String him up.
517
00:38:06,477 --> 00:38:09,609
In Germany during the last war,
it was noticed that,
518
00:38:09,709 --> 00:38:13,065
with people who'd suffered
personal loss or deprivation,
519
00:38:13,165 --> 00:38:16,425
even amongst the so-called
decent middle class,
520
00:38:16,525 --> 00:38:20,585
there was a tendency to develop
indifference towards the law...
521
00:38:20,685 --> 00:38:25,321
...and to indulge in looting,
black market and petty theft.
522
00:38:25,421 --> 00:38:28,745
This is a Government Food Control Centre,
523
00:38:28,845 --> 00:38:33,265
seized and pilfered
by armed anti-authority elements.
524
00:38:33,325 --> 00:38:37,002
This is Mrs Joyce Fisher from Gravesend.
525
00:38:37,101 --> 00:38:38,921
She was a housewife.
526
00:38:39,021 --> 00:38:40,905
Three yards from her,
527
00:38:41,005 --> 00:38:43,810
the bodies of the military guard.
528
00:38:46,701 --> 00:38:51,044
When morale falls,
ideals fall and may go...
529
00:38:51,149 --> 00:38:56,169
...and behaviour becomes more primitive,
more a thing of instinct.
530
00:38:56,269 --> 00:39:01,114
Three clays later, the first policemen
in Kent are killed.
531
00:39:08,845 --> 00:39:11,114
Within the next 15 years,
532
00:39:11,245 --> 00:39:16,617
possibly another 12 countries will
have acquired thermo-nuclear weapons.
533
00:39:16,717 --> 00:39:18,025
For this reason,
534
00:39:18,125 --> 00:39:22,860
if not through accident
or the impulses of man himself,
535
00:39:23,277 --> 00:39:25,449
it is now more than possible...
536
00:39:25,549 --> 00:39:28,297
...that what you have seen
happen in this film...
537
00:39:28,397 --> 00:39:32,740
...will have taken place
before the year 1980.
538
00:39:33,741 --> 00:39:35,434
On the authority
of the regional commissioner,
539
00:39:35,534 --> 00:39:38,761
under article 17,
dealing with civil disturbances...
540
00:39:38,861 --> 00:39:42,762
...and the prevention of Crown-appointed
officers from carrying out their duty,
541
00:39:42,862 --> 00:39:45,865
John Edward Jarrett
and William Michael Eades...
542
00:39:45,965 --> 00:39:49,482
...are hereby sentenced to death
by firing squad.
543
00:39:49,582 --> 00:39:52,010
May God have mercy on their souls.
544
00:39:52,110 --> 00:39:53,609
Kneel.
545
00:39:53,709 --> 00:39:57,024
We will say the Lord's Prayer together.
546
00:40:01,549 --> 00:40:04,200
Our Father which art in heaven,
547
00:40:04,429 --> 00:40:06,666
Hallowed be thy name.
548
00:40:06,829 --> 00:40:08,425
Thy kingdom come.
549
00:40:08,525 --> 00:40:10,537
Thy will be done on earth,
550
00:40:10,637 --> 00:40:12,677
as it is in heaven.
551
00:40:12,845 --> 00:40:16,009
Give us this day our daily bread.
552
00:40:16,173 --> 00:40:18,538
And forgive us our trespasses,
553
00:40:18,638 --> 00:40:22,293
as we forgive them
that trespass against us.
554
00:40:22,893 --> 00:40:24,937
And lead us not into temptation,
555
00:40:25,037 --> 00:40:27,162
but deliver us from evil.
556
00:40:28,077 --> 00:40:30,077
Amen.
557
00:40:35,277 --> 00:40:39,270
Father, have mercy upon their souls,
558
00:40:39,469 --> 00:40:42,104
for they know not what they do.
559
00:40:42,477 --> 00:40:44,477
Take aim.
560
00:40:45,805 --> 00:40:47,805
Fire.
561
00:40:52,717 --> 00:40:58,380
For those who haven't had access
to orange juice, fresh vegetables,
562
00:40:58,509 --> 00:41:02,441
vitamin C in general,
and that'll be most people,
563
00:41:02,541 --> 00:41:07,849
haemorrhages around the gums will
set in at about the 4 month stage...
564
00:41:07,949 --> 00:41:11,177
...and then you're into
the initial stages of scurvy,
565
00:41:11,277 --> 00:41:13,353
with swelling of the ankles...
566
00:41:13,453 --> 00:41:17,278
...and bleeding into the joints of your body.
567
00:41:25,293 --> 00:41:27,562
December the 25th.
568
00:41:27,693 --> 00:41:30,955
A refugee compound in Dover, Kent,
569
00:41:31,085 --> 00:41:33,933
four months after the attack.
570
00:41:45,101 --> 00:41:48,585
Due to radiation,
this little boy has only half...
571
00:41:48,685 --> 00:41:51,721
...the requisite number
of red blood corpuscles.
572
00:41:51,821 --> 00:41:54,249
He will be bedridden for seven years.
573
00:41:54,349 --> 00:41:56,041
Then he will die.
574
00:41:56,141 --> 00:41:58,858
This happened at Hiroshima.
575
00:41:59,501 --> 00:42:01,501
This girl is pregnant.
576
00:42:01,677 --> 00:42:04,681
Because of her constant exposure
to radiation,
577
00:42:04,781 --> 00:42:09,711
she has no idea whether or not
her baby will be born alive.
578
00:42:19,853 --> 00:42:24,188
The thing that terrifies me most
is the little ones.
579
00:42:25,613 --> 00:42:30,119
If they've suffered badly
from the effects of...
580
00:42:30,253 --> 00:42:35,075
...of the sight of this horror and destruction,
581
00:42:36,205 --> 00:42:39,653
it is probable that as a consequence...
582
00:42:39,789 --> 00:42:46,313
...some of them may suffer
terrible character disorders.
583
00:42:49,869 --> 00:42:51,941
One just doesn't know.
584
00:42:53,069 --> 00:42:58,186
I saw one of the little boys
in the compound here yesterday.
585
00:42:59,373 --> 00:43:02,155
He was bouncing around,
586
00:43:02,285 --> 00:43:05,155
playing hopscotch I think,
587
00:43:05,293 --> 00:43:07,944
and suddenly he sat down...
588
00:43:09,005 --> 00:43:11,895
...as though he were very tired...
589
00:43:13,037 --> 00:43:16,332
...and his face went listless...
590
00:43:17,709 --> 00:43:20,556
...like that of an old man.
591
00:43:21,965 --> 00:43:25,577
These children are orphans of the attack.
592
00:43:25,677 --> 00:43:30,184
They were each asked what they
now wanted to grow up to be.
593
00:43:30,284 --> 00:43:32,579
I don't want to be nothing.
594
00:43:32,685 --> 00:43:34,505
Neither do I.
595
00:43:34,605 --> 00:43:36,649
I don't want to be nothing.
596
00:43:36,749 --> 00:43:39,564
Neither do I want to be nothing.
597
00:43:46,925 --> 00:43:51,515
On almost the entire subject
of thermo-nuclear weapons,
598
00:43:51,597 --> 00:43:53,961
on the problems of their possession,
599
00:43:54,061 --> 00:43:56,647
on the effects of their use,
600
00:43:56,781 --> 00:44:01,287
there is now practically
a total silence in the press,
601
00:44:01,421 --> 00:44:05,643
in official publications and on television.
602
00:44:07,533 --> 00:44:13,064
There is hope in any unresolved
and unpredictable situation.
603
00:44:14,765 --> 00:44:19,751
But is there a real hope
to be found in this silence?
604
00:44:22,189 --> 00:44:25,449
The world's stockpile
of thermo-nuclear weapons...
605
00:44:25,549 --> 00:44:29,673
...has doubled within the last 5 years...
606
00:44:29,804 --> 00:44:34,825
...and now is the equivalent of almost
20 tons of high explosive...
607
00:44:34,925 --> 00:44:39,813
...to every man, woman and child
on the planet.
608
00:44:41,773 --> 00:44:47,654
This stockpile is still steadily growing.
50880
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