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00:00:03,787 --> 00:00:08,340
In the limpopo region of south
africa lies an ancient land.
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00:00:10,961 --> 00:00:15,222
Forged by water,
today it provides life to many.
3
00:00:18,269 --> 00:00:23,722
From rolling grasslands
to rocky gorges,
4
00:00:23,733 --> 00:00:29,653
Wildlife has learnt to make
the most of what's on offer.
5
00:00:29,730 --> 00:00:34,241
At it's heart life giving waters
burst from giant rocks
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00:00:34,318 --> 00:00:37,235
And spread across the landscape.
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00:00:37,246 --> 00:00:40,572
Supporting everything
from miniatures...
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00:00:40,583 --> 00:00:43,083
To the masses.
9
00:00:51,761 --> 00:00:55,888
This is the waterberg,
a land of plenty.
10
00:01:00,269 --> 00:01:06,273
(♪♪♪)
11
00:01:06,350 --> 00:01:12,529
(♪♪♪)
12
00:01:12,606 --> 00:01:17,618
(♪♪♪)
13
00:01:35,295 --> 00:01:40,140
The waterberg runs from west to
east for over 90 miles.
14
00:01:43,562 --> 00:01:46,730
Lying in the northeastern
corner of south africa
15
00:01:46,807 --> 00:01:50,150
It sprawls across an area of
over five and half thousand
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00:01:50,319 --> 00:01:51,726
Square miles
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00:01:51,737 --> 00:01:55,239
And makes up the first unesco
reserve in the region.
18
00:02:03,907 --> 00:02:08,752
Created by mineral rich rivers
almost two billion years ago,
19
00:02:08,829 --> 00:02:11,413
It is so old;
it has been around for longer
20
00:02:11,423 --> 00:02:13,924
Than terrestrial life itself.
21
00:02:22,342 --> 00:02:24,342
Today, it stands at the center
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00:02:24,353 --> 00:02:27,012
Of an incredibly diverse
landscape
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00:02:27,022 --> 00:02:31,859
Of open grassy plains...
24
00:02:31,935 --> 00:02:34,403
Bushveld savannah...
25
00:02:39,368 --> 00:02:43,028
Rocky gorges...
26
00:02:43,038 --> 00:02:45,539
Ravines...
27
00:02:52,339 --> 00:02:56,300
And cliffs that tower up
to two thousand feet high.
28
00:03:04,560 --> 00:03:06,560
But it's the bedrock
of these mountains
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00:03:06,637 --> 00:03:09,188
That holds their
greatest gift.
30
00:03:10,974 --> 00:03:15,235
Bands of porous rock soak up
water like a sponge,
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00:03:15,446 --> 00:03:17,946
Storing it
in underground aquifers.
32
00:03:23,904 --> 00:03:27,289
Once full, they pour out
of the mountains themselves.
33
00:03:31,328 --> 00:03:35,672
Giving rise to the name
waterberg or water mountain.
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00:03:45,100 --> 00:03:50,270
As they descend, the waterfalls
and streams merge,
35
00:03:50,439 --> 00:03:53,523
Creating rivers that carve their
way through the landscape.
36
00:03:53,600 --> 00:03:59,780
(♪♪♪)
37
00:03:59,856 --> 00:04:02,282
(♪♪♪)
38
00:04:02,359 --> 00:04:06,286
(♪♪♪)
39
00:04:06,455 --> 00:04:07,946
As they shape the land,
40
00:04:07,957 --> 00:04:10,791
They also support
a rich variety of life.
41
00:04:17,549 --> 00:04:21,343
Grazers feast on the lush grass
of the plateau's rolling planes.
42
00:04:39,479 --> 00:04:42,397
In the lowlands,
sprawling savannah stretches
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00:04:42,408 --> 00:04:44,908
As far as the eye can see.
44
00:04:48,822 --> 00:04:51,748
And present throughout;
is water.
45
00:05:00,509 --> 00:05:03,927
Streams, rivers, dams
and waterholes
46
00:05:04,004 --> 00:05:06,596
Bind the landscape
together.
47
00:05:06,673 --> 00:05:12,853
(♪♪♪)
48
00:05:12,929 --> 00:05:19,109
(♪♪♪)
49
00:05:19,186 --> 00:05:25,365
(♪♪♪)
50
00:05:25,442 --> 00:05:31,621
(♪♪♪)
51
00:05:31,698 --> 00:05:36,626
(♪♪♪)
52
00:05:36,703 --> 00:05:39,212
(♪♪♪)
53
00:05:39,289 --> 00:05:43,875
This diverse wilderness is the
setting for many natural dramas.
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00:05:46,713 --> 00:05:49,056
Battles will be fought...
55
00:05:49,132 --> 00:05:51,808
Mates will be won...
56
00:05:51,885 --> 00:05:55,479
And a new generation
will be born.
57
00:05:55,555 --> 00:05:59,107
But all will rely on the
waterberg for sustenance.
58
00:06:05,240 --> 00:06:07,824
The annual rains
arrive in November
59
00:06:07,901 --> 00:06:10,369
And can last
for up to five months.
60
00:06:14,083 --> 00:06:17,834
Their arrival ushers in a time
of plenty in the waterberg.
61
00:06:20,497 --> 00:06:24,466
Animals are preoccupied with
one thing: Eating their fill.
62
00:06:27,012 --> 00:06:29,513
This is a time to bulk up.
63
00:06:37,189 --> 00:06:42,692
(chirping)
64
00:06:42,769 --> 00:06:45,278
(chirping)
65
00:06:45,355 --> 00:06:49,658
Grazers move in large, mixed
herds - feasting on the bounty.
66
00:07:15,644 --> 00:07:18,887
After months of drought,
the grass is the quickest
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00:07:18,897 --> 00:07:21,773
To take advantage of the
landscape's renewed moisture.
68
00:07:25,812 --> 00:07:29,489
More than 200 different species
grow in the waterberg,
69
00:07:29,566 --> 00:07:32,617
Offering a banquet
to all manner of herbivores.
70
00:07:41,086 --> 00:07:43,712
And the elephants are amongst
those cashing in.
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00:07:50,670 --> 00:07:54,764
They have one of the most varied
diets of all herbivores,
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00:07:54,841 --> 00:07:57,976
Eating everything
from leaves to roots and bark.
73
00:08:18,624 --> 00:08:22,042
But with the coming of the rainy
season they shift their focus
74
00:08:22,118 --> 00:08:24,711
To the sweet new growth
of tender grass.
75
00:08:53,984 --> 00:08:57,077
It is also the perfect
time of year to raise young.
76
00:08:59,915 --> 00:09:02,165
With the abundance
of food on offer,
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00:09:02,242 --> 00:09:04,000
Mothers are full of milk
78
00:09:04,077 --> 00:09:09,664
And in prime condition to
support the next generation.
79
00:09:09,675 --> 00:09:12,917
For many antelope,
the first few days of life
80
00:09:12,928 --> 00:09:16,596
Are spent hidden away
among the long grass.
81
00:09:16,723 --> 00:09:20,100
Safe from unwanted attention.
82
00:09:20,176 --> 00:09:23,011
But as soon as they are fit
enough to follow their mothers,
83
00:09:23,021 --> 00:09:25,564
They rejoin the herd.
84
00:09:27,350 --> 00:09:29,442
And within
four and a half months
85
00:09:29,519 --> 00:09:34,355
They'll be fully
independent.
86
00:09:34,366 --> 00:09:36,199
For others in the grasslands
87
00:09:36,276 --> 00:09:41,195
The introduction to herd life
is much swifter.
88
00:09:41,206 --> 00:09:44,165
Blesbok mothers give birth
surrounded by others.
89
00:09:50,215 --> 00:09:53,466
The lambs will stand
within 5-10 minutes
90
00:09:53,543 --> 00:09:57,879
And walk within 20.
91
00:09:57,889 --> 00:10:00,223
This ensures the young
are ready to flee
92
00:10:00,300 --> 00:10:03,059
As soon as possible
making them less vulnerable.
93
00:10:08,475 --> 00:10:10,224
It is a technique
that has been adopted
94
00:10:10,235 --> 00:10:13,311
By a number of the grazers.
95
00:10:13,322 --> 00:10:17,991
Wildebeest and zebra
newborns are quick learners.
96
00:10:18,068 --> 00:10:20,869
They too are up and running
in a matter of minutes.
97
00:10:24,875 --> 00:10:27,075
But for the wildebeest,
there's more to things
98
00:10:27,085 --> 00:10:29,919
Than just being able to run.
99
00:10:29,996 --> 00:10:32,464
Timing is everything.
100
00:10:34,801 --> 00:10:39,512
Up to 90% of calves will drop in
the space of a three-week period
101
00:10:39,589 --> 00:10:42,090
Coinciding with
the coming of the rains.
102
00:10:44,895 --> 00:10:47,729
And if you want to survive,
you better arrive on time.
103
00:10:55,772 --> 00:10:59,190
When pursued by predators,
a wildebeest's best hope
104
00:10:59,201 --> 00:11:01,701
Is to mix in
with the fleeing herd.
105
00:11:06,875 --> 00:11:09,209
But youngsters have tan coats,
106
00:11:09,285 --> 00:11:11,753
Making them easy for predators
to single out.
107
00:11:17,386 --> 00:11:20,720
In the two months it takes
for a darker coat to grow,
108
00:11:20,847 --> 00:11:23,682
Some calves will be lucky,
some will not.
109
00:11:33,643 --> 00:11:37,904
While escaping danger
is the primary concern for many,
110
00:11:37,981 --> 00:11:40,148
There are those
who have little to fear
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00:11:40,158 --> 00:11:42,701
From the local predators.
112
00:11:48,417 --> 00:11:51,409
White rhino calves have
formidably armed parents
113
00:11:51,420 --> 00:11:53,920
To look after them.
114
00:11:58,251 --> 00:12:00,760
The youngsters will spend
the first two to three years
115
00:12:00,837 --> 00:12:03,304
Of their lives
with their mothers.
116
00:12:07,269 --> 00:12:10,186
Staying side by side
under her protection
117
00:12:10,263 --> 00:12:12,731
Until she calves again.
118
00:12:25,445 --> 00:12:28,621
But for the grazers timing
the birth of their offspring
119
00:12:28,698 --> 00:12:30,364
With the arrival of the rains
120
00:12:30,375 --> 00:12:34,368
Gives them the best chance
of survival
121
00:12:34,379 --> 00:12:37,589
And results in a sudden increase
in herd members.
122
00:12:39,301 --> 00:12:41,384
But despite all
their best efforts,
123
00:12:41,461 --> 00:12:46,556
It doesn't go unnoticed.
124
00:12:46,633 --> 00:12:49,809
Lions patrol the grasslands
and savannahs,
125
00:12:49,886 --> 00:12:53,471
On the look out for
an easy meal.
126
00:12:53,482 --> 00:12:56,474
The herds many pairs of eyes
watch back
127
00:12:56,485 --> 00:13:00,153
And the age-old battle of
predator versus prey continues.
128
00:13:03,566 --> 00:13:06,284
But sometimes the danger
lies closer to home....
129
00:13:19,090 --> 00:13:22,634
A male zebra must fight off
the challenge of a rival...
130
00:13:27,432 --> 00:13:31,810
In order to secure sole breeding
access to his harem of females.
131
00:13:40,529 --> 00:13:43,029
Fights can be fierce.
132
00:13:52,958 --> 00:13:56,042
A combination of biting
and high-powered kicks
133
00:13:56,119 --> 00:13:58,545
Is used to secure victory.
134
00:13:58,621 --> 00:14:04,884
(♪♪♪)
135
00:14:05,053 --> 00:14:09,848
(♪♪♪)
136
00:14:20,059 --> 00:14:24,404
The waterberg provides a home
for huge numbers of creatures...
137
00:14:24,480 --> 00:14:26,480
(hooting)
138
00:14:26,491 --> 00:14:28,908
And it is not only
out on the grasslands
139
00:14:29,035 --> 00:14:31,327
Where this can witnessed.
140
00:14:46,511 --> 00:14:47,927
The mountain range is home
141
00:14:48,004 --> 00:14:50,513
To one of the rarest animals
on the planet.
142
00:14:54,269 --> 00:14:56,895
The waterberg copper.
143
00:15:02,068 --> 00:15:04,611
Thought to have gone extinct
in the 1980s
144
00:15:04,687 --> 00:15:07,906
It was recently rediscovered
living on a small plateau.
145
00:15:15,081 --> 00:15:17,957
A microhabitat no larger
than 7-1/2 acres
146
00:15:18,168 --> 00:15:20,293
Has harbored the
species and sheltered it
147
00:15:20,370 --> 00:15:22,545
From the encroachment
of the modern world.
148
00:15:29,471 --> 00:15:32,931
It is an amazing story of
survival against the odds.
149
00:15:35,226 --> 00:15:38,561
The waterberg copper requires
a unique set of conditions
150
00:15:38,638 --> 00:15:41,648
To reproduce and has
a fascinating life cycle.
151
00:15:44,319 --> 00:15:50,064
It will only lay eggs
near one of two host plants
152
00:15:50,075 --> 00:15:52,566
And a particular species
of sugar ant
153
00:15:52,577 --> 00:15:55,078
Must have a nest within
the vicinity.
154
00:15:56,572 --> 00:16:02,001
The ants build their homes in
sandy soil, close to wetlands,
155
00:16:02,128 --> 00:16:07,248
Making the waterberg the ideal
environment for them.
156
00:16:07,258 --> 00:16:09,250
This is the only place
in the world
157
00:16:09,260 --> 00:16:11,719
Where these butterflies
are known to exist.
158
00:16:15,266 --> 00:16:17,642
Females lay their eggs
in the sand.
159
00:16:21,439 --> 00:16:24,983
Once hatched, the caterpillars
live within the ant nest.
160
00:16:26,778 --> 00:16:29,687
But by night, the ants
escort the caterpillar
161
00:16:29,698 --> 00:16:32,031
To the host plant,
where it feeds.
162
00:16:36,162 --> 00:16:39,038
There is a reason the ants go to
so much trouble to accommodate
163
00:16:39,115 --> 00:16:41,582
And protect the caterpillars.
164
00:16:44,713 --> 00:16:48,289
As they feed they produce
a sweet honeydew secretion
165
00:16:48,299 --> 00:16:50,708
From glands on their abdomen.
166
00:16:50,719 --> 00:16:53,219
Which the ants
find irresistible.
167
00:16:55,715 --> 00:16:58,641
Ants are one of the few
creatures in the world
168
00:16:58,718 --> 00:17:01,185
That farm other animals.
169
00:17:02,889 --> 00:17:05,890
In this incredible symbiotic
relationship,
170
00:17:05,900 --> 00:17:09,027
Both the ant and the butterfly
are rewarded.
171
00:17:11,156 --> 00:17:13,823
For the security of their nest
the ants receive
172
00:17:13,900 --> 00:17:16,075
An invaluable food source
173
00:17:16,244 --> 00:17:18,652
And the caterpillars are
provided with a safe place
174
00:17:18,663 --> 00:17:22,907
To grow and develop.
175
00:17:22,917 --> 00:17:26,085
During its next stage of life
the waterberg copper
176
00:17:26,254 --> 00:17:28,504
Transforms into
a stunning butterfly.
177
00:17:32,502 --> 00:17:35,928
The bright colors are
a warning to predators.
178
00:17:36,005 --> 00:17:40,516
It's poisonous.
179
00:17:40,593 --> 00:17:43,594
While feeding on
the toxic host plants,
180
00:17:43,605 --> 00:17:46,272
The caterpillars absorb
the poisons,
181
00:17:46,349 --> 00:17:49,817
Retaining them through their
metamorphosis into adulthood.
182
00:18:01,697 --> 00:18:03,614
Not all of
the waterberg's residents
183
00:18:03,625 --> 00:18:06,375
Have such an
intricate life cycle
184
00:18:06,452 --> 00:18:09,462
But there are some who face the
same pressures of extinction.
185
00:18:12,801 --> 00:18:16,544
White rhino populations are
being decimated throughout
186
00:18:16,554 --> 00:18:21,099
Southern africa by an insatiable
demand for their horn from asia.
187
00:18:23,302 --> 00:18:25,228
In traditional asian medicine,
188
00:18:25,304 --> 00:18:27,730
Rhino horn is thought
to cure illness
189
00:18:27,807 --> 00:18:30,274
And guarantee good health.
190
00:18:34,656 --> 00:18:36,739
It is a problem
that is affecting parks
191
00:18:36,816 --> 00:18:40,618
And reserves across the region,
including the waterberg.
192
00:18:42,997 --> 00:18:47,166
Drastic measures are being taken
and armed guards are posted
193
00:18:47,293 --> 00:18:50,828
Throughout the area.
194
00:18:50,839 --> 00:18:54,748
It is a battle that must be won
if the rhino is to have chance
195
00:18:54,759 --> 00:18:57,260
Of survival in the wild.
196
00:19:02,851 --> 00:19:06,185
But for now, life is good
for the waterberg's rhino...
197
00:19:09,849 --> 00:19:11,348
There is plenty of grass,
198
00:19:11,359 --> 00:19:13,609
Which makes up
their entire diet.
199
00:19:17,699 --> 00:19:21,025
An inability to lift their heads
above shoulder height
200
00:19:21,035 --> 00:19:22,943
Combined with poor eyesight
201
00:19:22,954 --> 00:19:26,864
Means they must rely mainly on
their sense of smell and hearing
202
00:19:26,875 --> 00:19:32,378
To detect threats.
203
00:19:32,455 --> 00:19:34,964
Big ears move independently,
204
00:19:35,041 --> 00:19:37,216
Focusing in on the direction
of sounds
205
00:19:37,293 --> 00:19:39,760
Like huge satellite dishes.
206
00:19:53,893 --> 00:19:56,819
Their inability to lift their
heads above shoulder height
207
00:19:56,896 --> 00:19:59,396
Means that they are
unable to swim
208
00:19:59,407 --> 00:20:01,908
And can't submerge
themselves completely.
209
00:20:09,083 --> 00:20:14,754
Rhinos are dependent
on the presence of water,
210
00:20:14,830 --> 00:20:17,798
Often drinking twice a day
to quench their thirst.
211
00:20:19,510 --> 00:20:21,761
The waterholes are
a common meeting place
212
00:20:21,837 --> 00:20:23,504
For the large mammals
213
00:20:23,514 --> 00:20:25,640
And they offer more
than just drinking water.
214
00:20:30,521 --> 00:20:34,682
Wallowing serves many purposes;
215
00:20:34,692 --> 00:20:38,402
It discourages and removes
irritating insects like ticks.
216
00:20:43,868 --> 00:20:46,369
But it is also a bit of fun.
217
00:20:51,534 --> 00:20:53,292
Elsewhere in the country,
218
00:20:53,419 --> 00:20:57,296
Elephant herds can walk for many
days in their search for food,
219
00:20:57,423 --> 00:20:59,298
Often going without water
220
00:20:59,509 --> 00:21:04,303
But here in the waterberg
they never go thirsty.
221
00:21:04,380 --> 00:21:08,140
Once refreshed, the muddy
elephants find a scratching post
222
00:21:08,217 --> 00:21:09,633
And rub up against it,
223
00:21:09,644 --> 00:21:12,561
Dislodging any unwanted
passengers in the process.
224
00:21:23,408 --> 00:21:28,569
Returning to the same waterholes
and rivers year after year,
225
00:21:28,579 --> 00:21:31,497
Their favorite trees become
smoothed over time.
226
00:21:38,548 --> 00:21:41,424
But some itches require
a little extra soothing.
227
00:21:58,851 --> 00:22:02,028
The hot, wet months
of the rainy season see a boom
228
00:22:02,104 --> 00:22:06,615
In insect numbers.
229
00:22:06,692 --> 00:22:09,160
Swarms of flies
follow the herds.
230
00:22:17,879 --> 00:22:20,379
For the buffalo it seems
there is a price to pay
231
00:22:20,456 --> 00:22:22,423
For the abundance
of food and water.
232
00:22:30,224 --> 00:22:33,726
The grasslands largest animal
has developed another technique
233
00:22:33,803 --> 00:22:37,888
For keeping the invaders at bay.
234
00:22:37,899 --> 00:22:40,816
Elephants don't only bathe
in the water.
235
00:22:40,893 --> 00:22:43,402
They also cake their skin
with soil
236
00:22:43,571 --> 00:22:45,488
To avoid biting and sucking
insects.
237
00:23:00,588 --> 00:23:03,664
While the insects
are a nuisance for most...
238
00:23:03,674 --> 00:23:05,716
They are an opportunity
for others.
239
00:23:10,756 --> 00:23:14,475
Golden orb spiders are prepared
for the infestation.
240
00:23:16,562 --> 00:23:19,438
One of the oldest types
of spider in existence,
241
00:23:19,649 --> 00:23:22,942
They hold the crown for the
world's strongest spiders web.
242
00:23:25,655 --> 00:23:29,407
Spun from yellow silk, it is
maintained on a daily basis.
243
00:23:33,529 --> 00:23:35,996
Ensuring it is as sticky
as possible.
244
00:23:39,869 --> 00:23:43,203
It's done the job.
245
00:23:43,214 --> 00:23:47,007
Neurotoxic venom is injected,
immobilizing the victim.
246
00:23:51,380 --> 00:23:53,472
Before it is wrapped in silk.
247
00:23:53,683 --> 00:23:56,642
Taken deeper into the nest
and stashed.
248
00:24:13,736 --> 00:24:15,986
With so much food available in
the waterberg
249
00:24:15,997 --> 00:24:18,831
At this time of year, the
spiders store some
250
00:24:18,908 --> 00:24:20,875
For a later date.
251
00:24:30,636 --> 00:24:33,253
Throughout the waterberg
predators are taking advantage
252
00:24:33,264 --> 00:24:38,175
Of the new food on offer.
253
00:24:38,186 --> 00:24:42,021
Whirligig beetles feed
on other aquatic insects.
254
00:24:42,097 --> 00:24:46,183
(♪♪♪)
255
00:24:46,194 --> 00:24:50,154
Compound eyes, allow them to see
both above and below the water.
256
00:24:53,284 --> 00:24:56,035
And their ability to turn
sharply helps them
257
00:24:56,111 --> 00:24:58,779
Evade larger predators,
258
00:24:58,789 --> 00:25:02,625
While casting neat circular
shadows on the streambed.
259
00:25:14,713 --> 00:25:17,890
Of all the animals benefiting
from the glut of food,
260
00:25:17,967 --> 00:25:23,646
The ox-pecker is one of
the most successful.
261
00:25:23,722 --> 00:25:25,648
Attaching themselves to a host,
262
00:25:25,724 --> 00:25:28,192
They rid the animals
of their parasites.
263
00:25:31,405 --> 00:25:34,406
Ticks, fleas and almost
anything that moves
264
00:25:34,483 --> 00:25:36,992
Stand no chance
against their nimble beaks.
265
00:25:41,240 --> 00:25:43,165
Perfectly equipped
for this life;
266
00:25:43,242 --> 00:25:45,709
They have evolved
a number of adaptations.
267
00:25:50,249 --> 00:25:54,835
Short legs and sharp claws
help them grip their host.
268
00:25:54,845 --> 00:25:58,180
And an incredible feeding
technique of combing hair
269
00:25:58,257 --> 00:26:00,975
With their beaks
has allowed them to thrive.
270
00:26:07,099 --> 00:26:10,100
Known as scissoring,
it is a very effective method
271
00:26:10,111 --> 00:26:12,611
For them to find food.
272
00:26:14,782 --> 00:26:16,940
But despite their reputation,
273
00:26:16,951 --> 00:26:20,286
Some ox-peckers
seem to have a darker side.
274
00:26:25,793 --> 00:26:29,211
Individuals have been witnessed
feeding from wounds.
275
00:26:33,042 --> 00:26:35,292
It is believed
that some ox-peckers
276
00:26:35,303 --> 00:26:37,044
Have developed a
taste for the blood
277
00:26:37,054 --> 00:26:39,305
They find within
the ticks they feed on.
278
00:26:43,811 --> 00:26:46,720
And they have been observed
opening up existing wounds
279
00:26:46,731 --> 00:26:50,608
On their host animal's hide
in order to drink their blood.
280
00:26:58,817 --> 00:27:01,160
By keeping the wound open
in this way,
281
00:27:01,236 --> 00:27:04,663
The bird gets a
constant supply of blood
282
00:27:04,874 --> 00:27:08,667
But it also exposes the host to
an increased risk of infection.
283
00:27:10,913 --> 00:27:15,299
It seems not all ox-peckers are
as helpful as we once thought.
284
00:27:27,763 --> 00:27:30,689
Throughout the waterberg
the daily search for food
285
00:27:30,816 --> 00:27:32,399
Has driven
creatures to adapt.
286
00:27:34,520 --> 00:27:39,272
While many utilize the daylight
hours, others emerge after dark.
287
00:27:42,111 --> 00:27:44,662
The lesser bush baby.
288
00:27:53,047 --> 00:27:56,131
Sleeping in groups
of up to 7 during the day,
289
00:27:56,208 --> 00:27:59,802
They spend the
night foraging alone.
290
00:27:59,878 --> 00:28:04,381
Tree sap makes up a large part
of their diet
291
00:28:04,392 --> 00:28:07,217
And is vital to their survival
during the winter months.
292
00:28:10,055 --> 00:28:14,400
But tonight, there is more than
just sap on the menu.
293
00:28:14,476 --> 00:28:16,735
The abundance of insect life
294
00:28:16,862 --> 00:28:21,156
Has caught the bush babies
attention.
295
00:28:21,233 --> 00:28:25,494
Long hind limbs and short
forelimbs make them well adapted
296
00:28:25,571 --> 00:28:28,247
To launching attacks
from vertical branches.
297
00:28:32,578 --> 00:28:34,911
Feeding on a range
of arthropods,
298
00:28:34,922 --> 00:28:38,006
They are one of the night's
most accomplished predators.
299
00:28:47,935 --> 00:28:50,177
For another mammal,
the search for insects
300
00:28:50,187 --> 00:28:53,856
Is not all about food.
301
00:28:53,932 --> 00:28:56,859
A troop of vervet monkeys
basks in the morning sun.
302
00:29:02,283 --> 00:29:05,868
Ranging all the way
from south african to ethiopia,
303
00:29:05,944 --> 00:29:08,412
They are found in healthy
numbers in the waterberg.
304
00:29:17,623 --> 00:29:23,126
Living in large groups
they are highly social
305
00:29:23,137 --> 00:29:24,386
And one of the best ways
306
00:29:24,463 --> 00:29:26,889
Of reinforcing bonds
is by grooming.
307
00:29:29,935 --> 00:29:32,636
Relatives sift through
one another's fur,
308
00:29:32,646 --> 00:29:35,147
Removing any parasites.
309
00:29:40,979 --> 00:29:45,065
Grooming is commonly used
as a courtship strategy
310
00:29:45,075 --> 00:29:46,909
As it brings males and females
311
00:29:46,985 --> 00:29:49,453
Into close proximity
to one another.
312
00:29:52,166 --> 00:29:54,041
It is vital
to the troop's success.
313
00:30:01,416 --> 00:30:04,417
For the vervets the waterberg's
rains will provide
314
00:30:04,428 --> 00:30:07,513
A glut of fruits to see them
through the dry months.
315
00:30:20,945 --> 00:30:24,104
Despite the abundance
the waters bring,
316
00:30:24,114 --> 00:30:27,607
Some creatures still rely
on the dry and dead
317
00:30:27,618 --> 00:30:30,452
In order to find what they need.
318
00:30:30,529 --> 00:30:35,282
(knocking)
319
00:30:35,292 --> 00:30:38,118
(knocking)
320
00:30:38,128 --> 00:30:41,296
A bearded woodpecker
is on the hunt for a meal.
321
00:30:43,551 --> 00:30:47,845
He uses a sharp, barbed tongue
to remove anything he uncovers.
322
00:30:52,226 --> 00:30:54,726
(knocking)
323
00:30:54,803 --> 00:30:57,470
Unlike the waterberg's
other insectivores,
324
00:30:57,481 --> 00:31:00,983
Bearded woodpeckers feed mainly
on wood-boring beetles
325
00:31:01,059 --> 00:31:02,225
And their larvae.
326
00:31:02,236 --> 00:31:05,061
Which can be found
all year round.
327
00:31:05,072 --> 00:31:07,573
(knocking)
328
00:31:07,649 --> 00:31:10,325
As well as helping locate
a tasty meal,
329
00:31:10,402 --> 00:31:12,911
Drumming on trees
also helps him establish
330
00:31:12,988 --> 00:31:15,455
A territory and attract a mate.
331
00:31:18,085 --> 00:31:21,920
The hollow tree acts as
the perfect megaphone.
332
00:31:21,997 --> 00:31:28,176
(knocking)
333
00:31:28,253 --> 00:31:33,765
(knocking)
334
00:31:33,842 --> 00:31:36,685
Another of the waterberg's
feathered inhabitants
335
00:31:36,762 --> 00:31:38,937
Doesn't need to drink.
336
00:31:39,106 --> 00:31:42,900
In fact, ground hornbills
don't need to drink at all.
337
00:31:45,520 --> 00:31:48,739
They can survive entirely
on the moisture in their food.
338
00:31:52,110 --> 00:31:56,538
These unusual creatures are the
largest hornbills in the world
339
00:31:56,615 --> 00:31:59,082
And can live
for over sixty years.
340
00:32:04,456 --> 00:32:06,048
Spending most of their day
341
00:32:06,124 --> 00:32:10,135
Searching the savannahs
for food.
342
00:32:10,212 --> 00:32:13,463
Ground hornbills are
predominantly carnivorous,
343
00:32:13,474 --> 00:32:17,809
Feeding on a large range of
insects, reptiles, amphibians
344
00:32:17,886 --> 00:32:20,020
And even small mammals
and birds.
345
00:32:32,201 --> 00:32:34,993
Living in groups of up to
12 individuals,
346
00:32:35,120 --> 00:32:39,998
They occupy and vigorously
defend large territories
347
00:32:40,167 --> 00:32:42,459
Reaching 38 square miles.
348
00:32:53,422 --> 00:32:56,673
These groups normally
have one breeding pair
349
00:32:56,684 --> 00:32:59,426
And as a species they have
one of the slowest
350
00:32:59,436 --> 00:33:02,688
Reproductive rates
in the bird world.
351
00:33:02,764 --> 00:33:06,233
On average they breed
successfully every 9 years.
352
00:33:11,782 --> 00:33:15,826
Females always lay two eggs,
three to five days apart.
353
00:33:18,613 --> 00:33:20,038
The first chick to hatch
354
00:33:20,115 --> 00:33:24,042
Invariably out-competes
the second,
355
00:33:24,169 --> 00:33:26,369
Which will be killed
by its elder sibling
356
00:33:26,380 --> 00:33:31,049
Or starve to death.
357
00:33:31,218 --> 00:33:34,127
The surviving chick
then takes another six years
358
00:33:34,138 --> 00:33:38,056
To reach adulthood.
359
00:33:38,133 --> 00:33:40,058
These birds have evolved
to survive
360
00:33:40,227 --> 00:33:43,311
In the harshest
of environments,
361
00:33:43,388 --> 00:33:45,814
But in the waterberg
they are provided with
362
00:33:45,891 --> 00:33:50,402
More than they need.
363
00:33:50,479 --> 00:33:55,407
(♪♪♪)
364
00:33:55,484 --> 00:34:00,412
(♪♪♪)
365
00:34:00,489 --> 00:34:04,166
(♪♪♪)
366
00:34:04,242 --> 00:34:08,411
(♪♪♪)
367
00:34:08,422 --> 00:34:12,332
Although water doesn't play
a key role in all life cycles,
368
00:34:12,342 --> 00:34:15,093
It impacts most.
369
00:34:17,931 --> 00:34:20,840
And most animals
couldn't exist without it.
370
00:34:23,678 --> 00:34:28,690
The waterberg's water levels
are dictated by the rains,
371
00:34:28,767 --> 00:34:32,602
But there are areas
of permanent water.
372
00:34:32,613 --> 00:34:36,406
Rivers and waterholes
remain full year round.
373
00:34:42,781 --> 00:34:46,500
These wetlands provide a
residence for a host of animals.
374
00:34:51,957 --> 00:34:55,092
But one group appears
in more variety than most.
375
00:34:58,880 --> 00:35:02,140
The waterberg's rivers,
streams and waterholes
376
00:35:02,309 --> 00:35:04,684
Teem with birds
of many shapes and sizes.
377
00:35:09,483 --> 00:35:12,484
Wattled lapwings patrol
the wetland fringes.
378
00:35:17,232 --> 00:35:21,118
Terrestrial birds, they never
venture into deeper water.
379
00:35:32,664 --> 00:35:35,632
This domain is reserved
for true waterfowl.
380
00:35:42,340 --> 00:35:46,017
Unlike the lapwing, knob-billed
ducks are buoyant,
381
00:35:46,094 --> 00:35:48,562
Allowing them to float
on the waters surface.
382
00:35:52,442 --> 00:35:56,194
This ability allows them to
reach the rich aquatic grasses
383
00:35:56,321 --> 00:35:58,155
And water lilies
other birds can't.
384
00:36:03,537 --> 00:36:08,364
Some have taken life
on the water a stage further.
385
00:36:08,375 --> 00:36:11,209
Cormorants feed
exclusively on fish.
386
00:36:13,371 --> 00:36:16,298
Special feathers
allow water to penetrate;
387
00:36:16,374 --> 00:36:19,542
Enabling the birds to
swim well under water
388
00:36:19,553 --> 00:36:22,179
As they chase their prey.
389
00:36:30,472 --> 00:36:34,557
After fishing, cormorants stand
in a characteristic pose,
390
00:36:34,568 --> 00:36:39,237
With wings out
and neck extended.
391
00:36:39,406 --> 00:36:41,740
Originally thought
to dry their wings,
392
00:36:41,816 --> 00:36:44,817
It is now also considered
to aid digestion
393
00:36:44,828 --> 00:36:47,329
By helping the birds
swallow fish.
394
00:36:52,994 --> 00:36:56,463
Darters and grebes have evolved
the same technique for fishing.
395
00:37:00,752 --> 00:37:03,678
And all can be found along
the permanent water sources
396
00:37:03,755 --> 00:37:09,926
Of the waterberg.
397
00:37:09,937 --> 00:37:13,104
While many have mastered
life under the water,
398
00:37:13,181 --> 00:37:15,649
One has adapted
to a life on top of it.
399
00:37:21,615 --> 00:37:24,866
African jacanas
spend their lives foraging
400
00:37:24,943 --> 00:37:27,410
On floating lily pads.
401
00:37:28,363 --> 00:37:30,247
They even build
their nests here.
402
00:37:32,534 --> 00:37:35,293
In what is known as
'lily-trotting',
403
00:37:35,420 --> 00:37:38,630
Elongated toes enable them
to spread their weight enough
404
00:37:38,707 --> 00:37:41,258
To stop them sinking.
405
00:37:49,476 --> 00:37:51,726
It is an adaption
that has allowed them
406
00:37:51,803 --> 00:37:54,688
To conquer a habitat
few other birds can.
407
00:37:56,483 --> 00:37:58,984
Meaning all the more insects
for them to feed on.
408
00:38:08,737 --> 00:38:11,496
The birds are not
the only ones feeding here.
409
00:38:25,503 --> 00:38:30,673
Hippos spend the majority
of their day in the water
410
00:38:30,684 --> 00:38:33,852
And have evolved a number
of adaptations as a result.
411
00:38:35,939 --> 00:38:38,857
Their ears fold closed
when submerged.
412
00:38:43,855 --> 00:38:46,856
And flick open
in a flurry when surfacing.
413
00:38:49,694 --> 00:38:54,873
High, ridged eyes protrude
above the water.
414
00:38:54,949 --> 00:38:58,335
And nostrils have evolved
to seal shut while swimming.
415
00:39:00,205 --> 00:39:03,340
Adults can spend up to five
minutes below the surface.
416
00:39:15,303 --> 00:39:19,147
And surfacing is as instinctive
as breathing itself,
417
00:39:19,224 --> 00:39:21,691
Even in their sleep.
418
00:39:29,242 --> 00:39:32,160
Feeding out of the water,
mainly at night,
419
00:39:32,237 --> 00:39:35,789
Days are spent digesting,
sleeping and socializing.
420
00:39:46,676 --> 00:39:49,844
Hippos are so at home
in their aquatic habitat,
421
00:39:49,921 --> 00:39:52,514
Calves are able
to suckle underwater.
422
00:39:58,605 --> 00:40:02,190
There are others who depend
on waterberg's permanent oases.
423
00:40:05,770 --> 00:40:09,105
Modern day dinosaurs,
their adaptations have evolved
424
00:40:09,116 --> 00:40:13,535
Over millions of years.
425
00:40:13,611 --> 00:40:16,696
Crocodiles' ears
are now just slits
426
00:40:16,706 --> 00:40:19,499
And their eyes are coated
in a protective membrane.
427
00:40:23,121 --> 00:40:26,423
They are the ultimate
freshwater predator.
428
00:40:38,562 --> 00:40:40,895
Lying undetected in the water,
429
00:40:40,972 --> 00:40:43,940
They ambush animals
as they come down to drink.
430
00:41:08,258 --> 00:41:12,510
Rows of deadly teeth
drag prey into the depths,
431
00:41:12,587 --> 00:41:14,929
Holding them
there until they drown.
432
00:41:41,791 --> 00:41:45,877
For many the dependence on water
is because it provides food.
433
00:41:50,759 --> 00:41:52,967
And crocodiles
are not the only reptiles
434
00:41:53,044 --> 00:41:55,628
Patrolling the waterberg.
435
00:41:55,639 --> 00:41:58,139
Water monitor lizards
bask in the sun.
436
00:42:03,730 --> 00:42:05,897
Like crocodiles,
they need to warm up
437
00:42:05,974 --> 00:42:08,525
Before heading off to hunt.
438
00:42:20,321 --> 00:42:23,039
They are also perfectly adapted
to their habitat.
439
00:42:34,002 --> 00:42:37,011
Once warm, they head
to waters edge to fish.
440
00:42:43,812 --> 00:42:46,020
At home in or out of the water,
441
00:42:46,097 --> 00:42:49,023
A long, powerful tail
powers them along.
442
00:42:51,686 --> 00:42:56,322
While long nails and sharp claws
are perfect for catching prey.
443
00:43:05,700 --> 00:43:08,367
They are not the only ones
relying on the waters
444
00:43:08,378 --> 00:43:10,878
To provide a meal.
445
00:43:32,143 --> 00:43:35,069
It's not long before their
patience is rewarded.
446
00:43:50,161 --> 00:43:53,671
The monitor lizards,
hamerkops and herons
447
00:43:53,882 --> 00:43:58,334
All have different
techniques.
448
00:43:58,345 --> 00:44:00,678
But the result
is always the same.
449
00:44:35,873 --> 00:44:39,717
The waterberg supports
a diverse mix of habitats
450
00:44:39,794 --> 00:44:42,545
And a host of creatures.
451
00:44:42,555 --> 00:44:48,801
(♪♪♪)
452
00:44:48,812 --> 00:44:55,057
(♪♪♪)
453
00:44:55,068 --> 00:45:01,313
(♪♪♪)
454
00:45:01,324 --> 00:45:07,570
(♪♪♪)
455
00:45:07,580 --> 00:45:13,826
(♪♪♪)
456
00:45:13,837 --> 00:45:18,831
(♪♪♪)
457
00:45:18,842 --> 00:45:23,761
(♪♪♪)
458
00:45:23,930 --> 00:45:26,222
From the ancient and deadly...
459
00:45:29,010 --> 00:45:31,477
To the weird
and wonderful.
460
00:45:34,274 --> 00:45:39,435
Almost all have come to depend
on the land's waters for food
461
00:45:39,446 --> 00:45:44,031
And shelter.
462
00:45:44,108 --> 00:45:49,328
It is an ever-present life
source in the mountain of life.
463
00:45:52,959 --> 00:46:02,967
(♪♪♪)
464
00:46:03,044 --> 00:46:15,980
(♪♪♪)
38377
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