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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 0 00:00:00, 0 --> 00:00:07, 470 Chaplin as a gift to the world of cinema 1 00:00:04, 670 --> 00:00:10, 380 he was an extraordinary man you could 2 00:00:07, 470 --> 00:00:14, 580 say he made at least a dozen 3 00:00:10, 380 --> 00:00:17, 369 masterpieces ha he had an instinctual 4 00:00:14, 580 --> 00:00:20, 130 talent and it was a physical one he is 5 00:00:17, 369 --> 00:00:23, 189 kind of in in one person in the history 6 00:00:20, 130 --> 00:00:25, 470 of Hollywood people liked him they liked 7 00:00:23, 189 --> 00:00:26, 910 the look they related to it for all 8 00:00:25, 470 --> 00:00:28, 470 sorts of reasons I mean he was the 9 00:00:26, 910 --> 00:00:32, 730 little guy against the sort of world 10 00:00:28, 470 --> 00:00:35, 910 really he did things with nobody else 11 00:00:32, 730 --> 00:00:39, 899 even thought of in his day the Tramp was 12 00:00:35, 910 --> 00:00:41, 879 the most seen face or figure and you're 13 00:00:39, 899 --> 00:00:44, 129 on any screen anywhere in the world so 14 00:00:41, 879 --> 00:00:45, 719 arguably Charlie Chaplin we pretty the 15 00:00:44, 129 --> 00:00:48, 350 most famous person in the world at that 16 00:00:45, 719 --> 00:00:48, 350 point in time 17 00:01:00, 50 --> 00:01:05, 309 Charlie Chaplin was born to Music Hall 18 00:01:02, 789 --> 00:01:07, 830 performers Hannah Chaplin and Charles 19 00:01:05, 309 --> 00:01:11, 909 Chaplin senior in Walworth South London 20 00:01:07, 830 --> 00:01:14, 280 in 1889 the origins of Charlie Chaplin 21 00:01:11, 909 --> 00:01:15, 810 have a kind of legend unto themselves 22 00:01:14, 280 --> 00:01:17, 909 it's one of those childhoods have 23 00:01:15, 810 --> 00:01:19, 890 defined the career to come what shaped 24 00:01:17, 909 --> 00:01:21, 720 it you know it's it's the kind of the 25 00:01:19, 890 --> 00:01:23, 640 material that created the idea of the 26 00:01:21, 720 --> 00:01:25, 470 Tramp and all that some of the early 27 00:01:23, 640 --> 00:01:28, 619 career of chuckling represented both 28 00:01:25, 470 --> 00:01:30, 270 mother and father were on the stage but 29 00:01:28, 619 --> 00:01:33, 929 father left pretty early was an 30 00:01:30, 270 --> 00:01:38, 9 alcoholic and Lily the mother was left 31 00:01:33, 929 --> 00:01:41, 780 to bring up the children he was left 32 00:01:38, 9 --> 00:01:44, 130 really on his own with his brother and 33 00:01:41, 780 --> 00:01:47, 220 both of them were sent to the workhouse 34 00:01:44, 130 --> 00:01:47, 610 because mother was not fit to look after 35 00:01:47, 220 --> 00:01:49, 80 them 36 00:01:47, 610 --> 00:01:50, 190 it would have been horrible I mean you 37 00:01:49, 80 --> 00:01:51, 810 would have gotten a uniform and a 38 00:01:50, 190 --> 00:01:54, 390 haircut I've been scrubbed down by an 39 00:01:51, 810 --> 00:01:57, 509 older child you know got bitten by a 40 00:01:54, 390 --> 00:01:59, 490 cane if you were misbehaving or even 41 00:01:57, 509 --> 00:02:01, 920 perceived to be misbehaving and he would 42 00:01:59, 490 --> 00:02:03, 690 do a lot of hard graft so put him in a 43 00:02:01, 920 --> 00:02:05, 940 horrible horrible place for a child to 44 00:02:03, 690 --> 00:02:08, 940 grow up it's impossible to imagine the 45 00:02:05, 940 --> 00:02:11, 280 kind of deprivation and the poverty that 46 00:02:08, 940 --> 00:02:15, 390 they suffered at the time but what it 47 00:02:11, 280 --> 00:02:18, 360 did was I think it fueled in both boys 48 00:02:15, 390 --> 00:02:21, 180 and certainly Charlie a determination to 49 00:02:18, 360 --> 00:02:22, 620 sort of just pull themselves out of it I 50 00:02:21, 180 --> 00:02:26, 780 mean part of that and he gave Charlie 51 00:02:22, 620 --> 00:02:29, 610 amazing material for his future work 52 00:02:26, 780 --> 00:02:31, 980 Charlie first performed on stage at five 53 00:02:29, 610 --> 00:02:34, 680 years old he took over from the wings 54 00:02:31, 980 --> 00:02:37, 459 when his mother broke down his charming 55 00:02:34, 680 --> 00:02:41, 30 rendition captured the audience 56 00:02:37, 459 --> 00:02:42, 950 as he began to sing and the money 57 00:02:41, 30 --> 00:02:44, 209 started coming down to the stage is how 58 00:02:42, 950 --> 00:02:45, 829 it works we go through the money from 59 00:02:44, 209 --> 00:02:48, 290 the audience and it's regarded around 60 00:02:45, 829 --> 00:02:50, 420 him and as the money went down he 61 00:02:48, 290 --> 00:02:52, 219 stopped singing and just told the 62 00:02:50, 420 --> 00:02:54, 349 audience I won't carry on until I've got 63 00:02:52, 219 --> 00:02:56, 90 all the money and then stage manager 64 00:02:54, 349 --> 00:02:58, 730 came on and started putting the Govan 65 00:02:56, 90 --> 00:02:59, 780 and money as well and the young Chaplin 66 00:02:58, 730 --> 00:03:01, 99 gets a bit bothered by this because he 67 00:02:59, 780 --> 00:03:02, 389 thinks this guy's taking the money so he 68 00:03:01, 99 --> 00:03:03, 319 goes up to him and starts chasing and 69 00:03:02, 389 --> 00:03:05, 120 going give me my money back 70 00:03:03, 319 --> 00:03:06, 590 refusing to carry on singing and of 71 00:03:05, 120 --> 00:03:08, 719 course the audiences are just falling 72 00:03:06, 590 --> 00:03:11, 30 about it become antics that are going on 73 00:03:08, 719 --> 00:03:14, 239 that was his debut and I think it 74 00:03:11, 30 --> 00:03:17, 590 probably gave him a sense of what it was 75 00:03:14, 239 --> 00:03:19, 879 like to perform and to get applause 76 00:03:17, 590 --> 00:03:22, 219 Chaplin returned to the theatre at the 77 00:03:19, 879 --> 00:03:23, 719 age of nine when he joined a performing 78 00:03:22, 219 --> 00:03:27, 560 group that toured the country between 79 00:03:23, 719 --> 00:03:29, 359 1899 and 1900 he joined a group called 80 00:03:27, 560 --> 00:03:31, 579 the eighth language a lads it gave him a 81 00:03:29, 359 --> 00:03:33, 319 taste of regular stage performance and 82 00:03:31, 579 --> 00:03:35, 60 the fact that you had to go on every 83 00:03:33, 319 --> 00:03:38, 269 night one night and perform and 84 00:03:35, 60 --> 00:03:41, 840 discipline for work he was very minor 85 00:03:38, 269 --> 00:03:45, 260 cog but he was sort of noticed by people 86 00:03:41, 840 --> 00:03:47, 959 as being someone slightly different to 87 00:03:45, 260 --> 00:03:50, 359 the normal club dancer if you like he 88 00:03:47, 959 --> 00:03:52, 400 wasn't a great folk dancer but he was 89 00:03:50, 359 --> 00:03:55, 730 certainly someone who had something on 90 00:03:52, 400 --> 00:03:59, 90 the stage which people recognized 91 00:03:55, 730 --> 00:04:01, 580 despite early-stage success Charlie's 92 00:03:59, 90 --> 00:04:02, 900 difficult childhood continued as his 93 00:04:01, 580 --> 00:04:04, 909 mother started to have nervous 94 00:04:02, 900 --> 00:04:08, 30 breakdowns before being committed to 95 00:04:04, 909 --> 00:04:10, 99 Kane hill asylum he had to take her 96 00:04:08, 30 --> 00:04:12, 140 there himself and then lived on the 97 00:04:10, 99 --> 00:04:15, 140 streets alone until his brother Sydney 98 00:04:12, 140 --> 00:04:17, 750 returned to London to have had to do 99 00:04:15, 140 --> 00:04:20, 570 that must have been incredibly scarring 100 00:04:17, 750 --> 00:04:23, 630 and and he had to learn to be his own 101 00:04:20, 570 --> 00:04:25, 340 person and learn to kind of cope you 102 00:04:23, 630 --> 00:04:27, 620 know with what life would throw at him 103 00:04:25, 340 --> 00:04:30, 560 and as well as money many difficulties 104 00:04:27, 620 --> 00:04:31, 940 what heartbreak to see your mother first 105 00:04:30, 560 --> 00:04:33, 979 of all put into a place like that then 106 00:04:31, 940 --> 00:04:35, 180 to be on your own and feel alone in a 107 00:04:33, 979 --> 00:04:37, 70 big city like London it would have been 108 00:04:35, 180 --> 00:04:40, 130 horrible quite how he managed to survive 109 00:04:37, 70 --> 00:04:42, 20 this period is really really difficult 110 00:04:40, 130 --> 00:04:43, 639 to tell I mean he has his own stories 111 00:04:42, 20 --> 00:04:48, 650 about it he lived actually rough on the 112 00:04:43, 639 --> 00:04:51, 560 streets for a few days Chaffin had to 113 00:04:48, 650 --> 00:04:52, 970 work odd jobs to survive however even at 114 00:04:51, 560 --> 00:04:55, 39 such a young age he had enough 115 00:04:52, 970 --> 00:04:57, 979 determination to find himself a West End 116 00:04:55, 39 --> 00:04:59, 960 theatrical agent he immediately acted in 117 00:04:57, 979 --> 00:05:01, 630 some plays and was noted for his comic 118 00:04:59, 960 --> 00:05:04, 210 performances 119 00:05:01, 630 --> 00:05:05, 770 it's a shame that this comedy only ran 120 00:05:04, 210 --> 00:05:08, 20 for two weeks but I think it got him 121 00:05:05, 770 --> 00:05:09, 400 noticed by the press by the public and 122 00:05:08, 20 --> 00:05:13, 570 that really kick-started his theatrical 123 00:05:09, 400 --> 00:05:15, 820 career by 1908 his older brother Sidney 124 00:05:13, 570 --> 00:05:17, 560 Chaplin had become a star of Fred Karno 125 00:05:15, 820 --> 00:05:20, 80 his troupe and he managed to convince 126 00:05:17, 560 --> 00:05:22, 900 Carlo to give Charlie a two-week trial 127 00:05:20, 80 --> 00:05:25, 240 he was a huge success on his first night 128 00:05:22, 900 --> 00:05:27, 310 at the London Coliseum it wasn't long 129 00:05:25, 240 --> 00:05:29, 760 before Carnot arranged for the company 130 00:05:27, 310 --> 00:05:31, 560 to tour North America 131 00:05:29, 760 --> 00:05:33, 420 we mustn't underestimate Sydney's 132 00:05:31, 560 --> 00:05:34, 950 involvement in Charlie's early career 133 00:05:33, 420 --> 00:05:36, 930 because he really pushed him I think he 134 00:05:34, 950 --> 00:05:38, 520 must have seen in his young body wasn't 135 00:05:36, 930 --> 00:05:39, 960 this question rescuing him and keep him 136 00:05:38, 520 --> 00:05:43, 410 out of the workhouse I think he actually 137 00:05:39, 960 --> 00:05:45, 990 generally saw the beginnings of some 138 00:05:43, 410 --> 00:05:50, 340 talent the Karno come over and did 139 00:05:45, 990 --> 00:05:53, 490 dancing singing and comedy acts mostly 140 00:05:50, 340 --> 00:05:55, 920 very broad comedy Carlo wasn't all that 141 00:05:53, 490 --> 00:05:57, 300 impressed with Charlie when he first 142 00:05:55, 920 --> 00:05:58, 440 arrived thought he was too skinny and 143 00:05:57, 300 --> 00:06:00, 180 didn't think he was going to make much 144 00:05:58, 440 --> 00:06:03, 510 of it but minute that he saw him 145 00:06:00, 180 --> 00:06:05, 400 actually performing he realized that he 146 00:06:03, 510 --> 00:06:08, 70 had something this of course gave 147 00:06:05, 400 --> 00:06:10, 800 Charlie the opportunity to perform in 148 00:06:08, 70 --> 00:06:13, 610 America which was vitally important to 149 00:06:10, 800 --> 00:06:16, 110 the future of his career 150 00:06:13, 610 --> 00:06:18, 660 Charlie stood out and during their 151 00:06:16, 110 --> 00:06:20, 970 second tour in 1912 he was approached by 152 00:06:18, 660 --> 00:06:23, 160 the New York picture company asking him 153 00:06:20, 970 --> 00:06:25, 140 to join Keystone Pictures in Los Angeles 154 00:06:23, 160 --> 00:06:27, 990 under the management of Mack Sennett 155 00:06:25, 140 --> 00:06:30, 240 Mack Sennett's trooper who was really 156 00:06:27, 990 --> 00:06:33, 570 going all over America on the stage 157 00:06:30, 240 --> 00:06:35, 850 fir'd also decided that the best thing 158 00:06:33, 570 --> 00:06:38, 370 to do was to make he's one realism to 159 00:06:35, 850 --> 00:06:41, 100 reelers and put them out silent films of 160 00:06:38, 370 --> 00:06:43, 560 course but they became extremely popular 161 00:06:41, 100 --> 00:06:45, 660 what we must remember at this time of 162 00:06:43, 560 --> 00:06:48, 300 course the cinema industry was in his 163 00:06:45, 660 --> 00:06:50, 730 infancy it was really at the very 164 00:06:48, 300 --> 00:06:52, 770 beginning so it was an incredibly 165 00:06:50, 730 --> 00:06:53, 850 exciting and innovative time people 166 00:06:52, 770 --> 00:06:55, 200 didn't know what this medium was going 167 00:06:53, 850 --> 00:06:56, 340 to be and they didn't know who was going 168 00:06:55, 200 --> 00:06:58, 860 to make it and they were kind of making 169 00:06:56, 340 --> 00:07:00, 450 up as you go along and the Keystone 170 00:06:58, 860 --> 00:07:02, 910 studios and Mack Sennett were kind of a 171 00:07:00, 450 --> 00:07:05, 940 you know primal force in this and they 172 00:07:02, 910 --> 00:07:07, 950 were looking for what would sell and it 173 00:07:05, 940 --> 00:07:09, 720 seemed to be those kind of the antics of 174 00:07:07, 950 --> 00:07:11, 610 kind of Quickfire comedy and this was 175 00:07:09, 720 --> 00:07:13, 470 silent era so everything had to be 176 00:07:11, 610 --> 00:07:16, 710 physically defined you know no one's 177 00:07:13, 470 --> 00:07:19, 200 talking so you're kind of looking for 178 00:07:16, 710 --> 00:07:22, 470 kind of comedians and stars who had 179 00:07:19, 200 --> 00:07:25, 170 physicality primarily who communicate 180 00:07:22, 470 --> 00:07:29, 40 narrative their arms and legs and their 181 00:07:25, 170 --> 00:07:30, 540 facial expressions charlie was excited 182 00:07:29, 40 --> 00:07:32, 729 at the prospect of making films in 183 00:07:30, 540 --> 00:07:34, 259 Hollywood and jumped at the chance 184 00:07:32, 729 --> 00:07:35, 879 however he was not pleased with the 185 00:07:34, 259 --> 00:07:40, 229 first film he made called making a 186 00:07:35, 879 --> 00:07:42, 270 living he then appeared in Mabel's 187 00:07:40, 229 --> 00:07:43, 800 strange predicament it was here the 188 00:07:42, 270 --> 00:07:49, 289 Chaplin put together the outfit that 189 00:07:43, 800 --> 00:07:52, 620 would form his famous persona his next 190 00:07:49, 289 --> 00:07:57, 659 film kid auto races at venice marks the 191 00:07:52, 620 --> 00:07:59, 759 debut of the Tramp this keister in time 192 00:07:57, 659 --> 00:08:02, 219 when he developed the Tramp was was so 193 00:07:59, 759 --> 00:08:04, 229 important for the rest of his career and 194 00:08:02, 219 --> 00:08:06, 419 what a character you know it lives on 195 00:08:04, 229 --> 00:08:08, 9 today a century later it's very 196 00:08:06, 419 --> 00:08:09, 300 interesting too when you talk about 197 00:08:08, 9 --> 00:08:11, 279 Chaplin you obviously you're talking 198 00:08:09, 300 --> 00:08:13, 309 about the birth of cinema in many ways 199 00:08:11, 279 --> 00:08:16, 50 you know he is probably the first 200 00:08:13, 309 --> 00:08:18, 120 pivotal panel the first superstar of 201 00:08:16, 50 --> 00:08:19, 949 cinema he and Keaton and the others were 202 00:08:18, 120 --> 00:08:22, 169 creating films that were fundamentally 203 00:08:19, 949 --> 00:08:23, 729 accessible to people because they did 204 00:08:22, 169 --> 00:08:26, 339 basics and the basis came from 205 00:08:23, 729 --> 00:08:28, 199 vaudeville and musicals and they those 206 00:08:26, 339 --> 00:08:32, 459 things were kind of born of what simply 207 00:08:28, 199 --> 00:08:34, 500 Ordinances wanted Chaplin clashed with a 208 00:08:32, 459 --> 00:08:37, 50 director Mabel Normand and was nearly 209 00:08:34, 500 --> 00:08:39, 630 fired but Senate kept him on after 210 00:08:37, 50 --> 00:08:41, 550 requests for more Chaplin films came in 211 00:08:39, 630 --> 00:08:44, 399 from distributors he was getting paid 212 00:08:41, 550 --> 00:08:46, 740 just as much as her and she thought that 213 00:08:44, 399 --> 00:08:49, 470 was a little bit too much also he had 214 00:08:46, 740 --> 00:08:51, 690 many ideas about making films he didn't 215 00:08:49, 470 --> 00:08:54, 480 want to make them the normal way that 216 00:08:51, 690 --> 00:08:57, 750 Mex and it made them and he was pressing 217 00:08:54, 480 --> 00:09:00, 839 for for doing some of his own direction 218 00:08:57, 750 --> 00:09:03, 690 he wasn't allowed to and in the end she 219 00:09:00, 839 --> 00:09:04, 709 wanted him fired but he was too popular 220 00:09:03, 690 --> 00:09:06, 449 to be fired 221 00:09:04, 709 --> 00:09:08, 100 he had an ego on him there's no doubt 222 00:09:06, 449 --> 00:09:09, 329 about it he had to have an ego on him 223 00:09:08, 100 --> 00:09:12, 209 you know coming from that kind of 224 00:09:09, 329 --> 00:09:14, 40 background and I think very early on he 225 00:09:12, 209 --> 00:09:17, 579 became frustrated with being directed by 226 00:09:14, 40 --> 00:09:20, 130 others and he had lots of ideas many of 227 00:09:17, 579 --> 00:09:22, 380 them quite brilliant and I think he he 228 00:09:20, 130 --> 00:09:24, 360 knew he was the star and felt he should 229 00:09:22, 380 --> 00:09:26, 69 be concentrated on above all you know he 230 00:09:24, 360 --> 00:09:29, 690 wasn't going to share you know the 231 00:09:26, 69 --> 00:09:29, 690 stardom while the screen particularly 232 00:09:30, 10 --> 00:09:35, 89 Chaplin managed to persuade Senate to 233 00:09:32, 540 --> 00:09:37, 970 allow him to make his own film with an 234 00:09:35, 89 --> 00:09:40, 220 insurance of $1,500 promised by Charlie 235 00:09:37, 970 --> 00:09:41, 959 who directed caught in the rain 236 00:09:40, 220 --> 00:09:44, 390 cotton the rain was important it's the 237 00:09:41, 959 --> 00:09:45, 950 first film he directed he knew the 238 00:09:44, 390 --> 00:09:47, 570 bosses didn't want him to do it 239 00:09:45, 950 --> 00:09:49, 610 necessarily and he even said he would 240 00:09:47, 570 --> 00:09:55, 700 pay them back if it was a big disaster 241 00:09:49, 610 --> 00:09:57, 680 he didn't have to it was a success Joyce 242 00:09:55, 700 --> 00:10:00, 230 reports remember that this is the very 243 00:09:57, 680 --> 00:10:02, 779 beginning of what has been conceived as 244 00:10:00, 230 --> 00:10:05, 899 films they were kind of 10 to 15 minutes 245 00:10:02, 779 --> 00:10:08, 29 long they weren't feature films but you 246 00:10:05, 899 --> 00:10:10, 670 know he was discovering and molding the 247 00:10:08, 29 --> 00:10:12, 290 media as much as you know he was just 248 00:10:10, 670 --> 00:10:14, 450 becoming a director yeah it wasn't like 249 00:10:12, 290 --> 00:10:16, 550 the idea of a director was that defined 250 00:10:14, 450 --> 00:10:18, 950 I think at the time I think it was 251 00:10:16, 550 --> 00:10:20, 600 saying oh I know how to choreograph my 252 00:10:18, 950 --> 00:10:22, 430 own routines therefore I must 253 00:10:20, 600 --> 00:10:23, 680 choreograph the whole film it made total 254 00:10:22, 430 --> 00:10:31, 660 sense to him 255 00:10:23, 680 --> 00:10:35, 509 [Music] 256 00:10:31, 660 --> 00:10:37, 249 in 1914 Charlie Chaplin continued to 257 00:10:35, 509 --> 00:10:39, 709 direct every film in which he appeared 258 00:10:37, 249 --> 00:10:43, 40 for Keystone making approximately one a 259 00:10:39, 709 --> 00:10:44, 540 week in November of that year Chaplin 260 00:10:43, 40 --> 00:10:46, 639 had a small role in his first 261 00:10:44, 540 --> 00:10:48, 740 feature-length comedy Tillie's punctured 262 00:10:46, 639 --> 00:10:53, 779 romance further increasing his 263 00:10:48, 740 --> 00:10:55, 970 popularity and I think Tillie's 264 00:10:53, 779 --> 00:10:57, 980 punctured romance was a huge commercial 265 00:10:55, 970 --> 00:11:05, 809 success the audience has really started 266 00:10:57, 980 --> 00:11:07, 579 to love Chaplin after this the great 267 00:11:05, 809 --> 00:11:09, 319 thing for the studio's was that every 268 00:11:07, 579 --> 00:11:11, 119 time they came out with another film 269 00:11:09, 319 --> 00:11:12, 920 starring Charlie Chaplin he was big he 270 00:11:11, 119 --> 00:11:15, 40 could make money for them and there's 271 00:11:12, 920 --> 00:11:17, 269 nothing that Studios like better than 272 00:11:15, 40 --> 00:11:20, 420 films that make money especially don't 273 00:11:17, 269 --> 00:11:23, 209 cost very much Chaplin's contract came 274 00:11:20, 420 --> 00:11:25, 939 up for renewal and he asked for $1,000 a 275 00:11:23, 209 --> 00:11:28, 970 week which Senate refused so Chaplin 276 00:11:25, 939 --> 00:11:29, 899 signed with sna films he knew he could 277 00:11:28, 970 --> 00:11:32, 929 get more money 278 00:11:29, 899 --> 00:11:34, 550 Mack Sennett said no too much and I'm 279 00:11:32, 929 --> 00:11:36, 290 sure had many sleepless nights for 280 00:11:34, 550 --> 00:11:39, 139 decades to come for letting Chaplin go 281 00:11:36, 290 --> 00:11:42, 589 after that the JumpShip from Keystone to 282 00:11:39, 139 --> 00:11:46, 160 SNA Studios who offered him 1250 a week 283 00:11:42, 589 --> 00:11:48, 559 plus a signing fee of $10,000 which was 284 00:11:46, 160 --> 00:11:50, 269 an extraordinary man of money at SNA 285 00:11:48, 559 --> 00:11:52, 639 chap in a surge at a high level of 286 00:11:50, 269 --> 00:11:54, 920 control over his pictures taking up to a 287 00:11:52, 639 --> 00:11:57, 559 month to release each new project and 288 00:11:54, 920 --> 00:11:59, 869 bringing a new slower pace to the comedy 289 00:11:57, 559 --> 00:12:02, 209 he started to find the character of the 290 00:11:59, 869 --> 00:12:04, 699 Tramp and what he might represent so 291 00:12:02, 209 --> 00:12:06, 889 theme arrived in in Chaplin's work 292 00:12:04, 699 --> 00:12:09, 139 he wasn't just there to make us laugh 293 00:12:06, 889 --> 00:12:10, 579 there was a kind of principal thing he 294 00:12:09, 139 --> 00:12:12, 559 wanted to start to tell us things and 295 00:12:10, 579 --> 00:12:13, 610 toasting about the world around him but 296 00:12:12, 559 --> 00:12:16, 879 a lot of Tears a lot of things about 297 00:12:13, 610 --> 00:12:18, 619 himself so the idea of pathos you know 298 00:12:16, 879 --> 00:12:20, 270 we're meant to laugh at the Little Tramp 299 00:12:18, 619 --> 00:12:25, 580 but we also feel very sorry for him 300 00:12:20, 270 --> 00:12:25, 580 [Music] 301 00:12:28, 960 --> 00:12:35, 90 during 1915 Chaplin became a cultural 302 00:12:32, 750 --> 00:12:37, 640 phenomenon and a journalist and motion 303 00:12:35, 90 --> 00:12:41, 210 picture magazine wrote that Chaplin itis 304 00:12:37, 640 --> 00:12:43, 670 had spread across America Chaplin itis 305 00:12:41, 210 --> 00:12:45, 380 what a great word and this is the first 306 00:12:43, 670 --> 00:12:47, 780 time we've seen this phenomenon of Fame 307 00:12:45, 380 --> 00:12:50, 600 especially connected to the film world a 308 00:12:47, 780 --> 00:12:52, 970 writer for one of the movie weeklies had 309 00:12:50, 600 --> 00:12:54, 380 coined this term there were trading 310 00:12:52, 970 --> 00:12:56, 750 cards there were comics they were 311 00:12:54, 380 --> 00:12:58, 40 look-alike contests being hosted all 312 00:12:56, 750 --> 00:12:59, 900 around the world but especially in 313 00:12:58, 40 --> 00:13:02, 690 America at this time caught Chaplin 314 00:12:59, 900 --> 00:13:04, 550 eiders people wanted more than just the 315 00:13:02, 690 --> 00:13:06, 680 films they wanted a souvenir 316 00:13:04, 550 --> 00:13:09, 740 he was canny enough to be able to 317 00:13:06, 680 --> 00:13:11, 540 negotiate percentages and fees on all 318 00:13:09, 740 --> 00:13:14, 30 those made him very very wealthy in a 319 00:13:11, 540 --> 00:13:16, 880 very early age such was the demand to 320 00:13:14, 30 --> 00:13:18, 890 see him that he had he created virtual 321 00:13:16, 880 --> 00:13:21, 770 clones of himself he had other actors 322 00:13:18, 890 --> 00:13:23, 510 dress up and go to openings and go to 323 00:13:21, 770 --> 00:13:26, 270 events cuz he got quite reclusive and 324 00:13:23, 510 --> 00:13:27, 830 got quite a you know antagonistic but 325 00:13:26, 270 --> 00:13:29, 960 kind of nervous about the idea of his 326 00:13:27, 830 --> 00:13:32, 120 fame as anyone would I mean he was 327 00:13:29, 960 --> 00:13:35, 90 redefining the idea of Fame because 328 00:13:32, 120 --> 00:13:37, 160 cinema was such a mass medium and you 329 00:13:35, 90 --> 00:13:39, 110 know TV wasn't there yet so in many ways 330 00:13:37, 160 --> 00:13:41, 690 you know he was defining this idea of 331 00:13:39, 110 --> 00:13:44, 900 the modern super celebrity he was then 332 00:13:41, 690 --> 00:13:47, 710 offered a contract with mutual films for 333 00:13:44, 900 --> 00:13:51, 830 six hundred and seventy thousand dollars 334 00:13:47, 710 --> 00:13:53, 120 which was so extraordinary it actually 335 00:13:51, 830 --> 00:13:55, 400 put him in a position of being the 336 00:13:53, 120 --> 00:13:59, 30 highest-paid human being in the world 337 00:13:55, 400 --> 00:14:01, 130 he's only 26 can you imagine the public 338 00:13:59, 30 --> 00:14:03, 140 had never heard anything like this Easy 339 00:14:01, 130 --> 00:14:04, 820 Street secured the immigrants and the 340 00:14:03, 140 --> 00:14:07, 40 adventure of the four major films he 341 00:14:04, 820 --> 00:14:09, 380 made from them one after the other and 342 00:14:07, 40 --> 00:14:11, 330 bang bang bang they just all they could 343 00:14:09, 380 --> 00:14:13, 270 do was make money and put him into that 344 00:14:11, 330 --> 00:14:17, 70 further stratosphere of stardom 345 00:14:13, 270 --> 00:14:19, 900 [Music] 346 00:14:17, 70 --> 00:14:21, 940 despite much success Chaplin's film 347 00:14:19, 900 --> 00:14:23, 290 output had slowed down as he sought to 348 00:14:21, 940 --> 00:14:25, 540 take more care over it 349 00:14:23, 290 --> 00:14:27, 550 he amicably parted ways with neutral 350 00:14:25, 540 --> 00:14:29, 470 Chaplin's brother Sidney was his 351 00:14:27, 550 --> 00:14:31, 270 business manager and they sought to gain 352 00:14:29, 470 --> 00:14:33, 550 a contract giving Chaplin as much 353 00:14:31, 270 --> 00:14:36, 550 independence as possible when he'd 354 00:14:33, 550 --> 00:14:40, 570 finished with mutual which was 355 00:14:36, 550 --> 00:14:44, 830 incredibly successful he then joined 356 00:14:40, 570 --> 00:14:48, 70 first national and that was completely 357 00:14:44, 830 --> 00:14:50, 50 independent it was not financed by 358 00:14:48, 70 --> 00:14:52, 360 anybody he financed himself he got a 359 00:14:50, 50 --> 00:14:55, 60 million dollars which was a huge amount 360 00:14:52, 360 --> 00:14:57, 250 the key element of it is the 361 00:14:55, 60 --> 00:14:59, 710 distribution he had everything from the 362 00:14:57, 250 --> 00:15:01, 330 start from the basic idea of the script 363 00:14:59, 710 --> 00:15:03, 100 through the script writing process 364 00:15:01, 330 --> 00:15:05, 50 through the filmmaking process to the 365 00:15:03, 100 --> 00:15:06, 670 dissemination of the finished product I 366 00:15:05, 50 --> 00:15:09, 100 think that set him up creatively to do 367 00:15:06, 670 --> 00:15:10, 930 some some good work and you know as a 368 00:15:09, 100 --> 00:15:13, 450 precedent seeing an artist and a 369 00:15:10, 930 --> 00:15:14, 650 producer his producer negotiating for 370 00:15:13, 450 --> 00:15:18, 40 that I think it's really important in 371 00:15:14, 650 --> 00:15:20, 290 the history of the film industry Charlie 372 00:15:18, 40 --> 00:15:23, 20 Chaplin built his own Studios on five 373 00:15:20, 290 --> 00:15:25, 630 acres of land off Sunset Boulevard they 374 00:15:23, 20 --> 00:15:27, 970 were completed in 1918 with the finest 375 00:15:25, 630 --> 00:15:30, 190 production facilities working under 376 00:15:27, 970 --> 00:15:31, 810 contract with first national Chaplin 377 00:15:30, 190 --> 00:15:35, 670 made critically in financially 378 00:15:31, 810 --> 00:15:37, 740 successful films including a dog's life 379 00:15:35, 670 --> 00:15:39, 540 one of the most significant films of 380 00:15:37, 740 --> 00:15:42, 840 this period was the dog's life 381 00:15:39, 540 --> 00:15:44, 670 it shows the trend is still the trend 382 00:15:42, 840 --> 00:15:46, 550 figure but he shows me slightly new 383 00:15:44, 670 --> 00:15:48, 960 lights you do see the Tramp character 384 00:15:46, 550 --> 00:15:50, 520 having a little bit more pathos and 385 00:15:48, 960 --> 00:15:52, 50 being a little bit more dramatic it's 386 00:15:50, 520 --> 00:15:54, 110 not silly in slapstick and running 387 00:15:52, 50 --> 00:15:59, 820 around it's it's a little bit weightier 388 00:15:54, 110 --> 00:16:02, 100 it's still funny Chaplin was criticized 389 00:15:59, 820 --> 00:16:04, 170 for not fighting in World War one but 390 00:16:02, 100 --> 00:16:07, 70 revealed he had volunteered in Britain 391 00:16:04, 170 --> 00:16:10, 170 and the US but had not been called up 392 00:16:07, 70 --> 00:16:11, 850 despite this his popularity spread and 393 00:16:10, 170 --> 00:16:14, 820 his films were a favorite of troops 394 00:16:11, 850 --> 00:16:17, 100 fighting in France during the wartime 395 00:16:14, 820 --> 00:16:19, 680 period Chaplin was called out for maybe 396 00:16:17, 100 --> 00:16:21, 210 not fighting for the Brits or for the 397 00:16:19, 680 --> 00:16:22, 410 Americans so he got myself a little bit 398 00:16:21, 210 --> 00:16:24, 450 in the hot water with the press the 399 00:16:22, 410 --> 00:16:26, 430 troops still supported him though he did 400 00:16:24, 450 --> 00:16:30, 570 say that the Americans had never asked 401 00:16:26, 430 --> 00:16:31, 920 him and nor had the British so he felt 402 00:16:30, 570 --> 00:16:34, 320 that actually doing what he was doing 403 00:16:31, 920 --> 00:16:36, 0 was entertaining everybody which was 404 00:16:34, 320 --> 00:16:38, 850 rather more valuable than just being a 405 00:16:36, 0 --> 00:16:41, 310 soldier what he did was to make two 406 00:16:38, 850 --> 00:16:43, 260 films one called the bond which was 407 00:16:41, 310 --> 00:16:46, 170 basically a propaganda film to raise 408 00:16:43, 260 --> 00:16:47, 910 money for war bonds at the time more 409 00:16:46, 170 --> 00:16:50, 430 controversially he made a film called 410 00:16:47, 910 --> 00:16:52, 530 shoulder arms in which he put he 411 00:16:50, 430 --> 00:16:55, 730 positioned the Little Tramp in the 412 00:16:52, 530 --> 00:16:55, 730 trenches of the First World War 413 00:17:02, 940 --> 00:17:09, 160 everybody was incredibly nervous about 414 00:17:05, 319 --> 00:17:11, 230 this because this was a period when you 415 00:17:09, 160 --> 00:17:12, 610 know thousands upon thousands of 416 00:17:11, 230 --> 00:17:15, 329 thousands of young men were dying 417 00:17:12, 610 --> 00:17:18, 640 it was really an appalling period and 418 00:17:15, 329 --> 00:17:22, 420 the idea that you could actually sort of 419 00:17:18, 640 --> 00:17:29, 770 make a comedy set in the trenches was 420 00:17:22, 420 --> 00:17:32, 230 just beyond belief he managed to 421 00:17:29, 770 --> 00:17:34, 480 maintain the pathos so he didn't Mock 422 00:17:32, 230 --> 00:17:35, 710 the battlefield didn't mocks the idea of 423 00:17:34, 480 --> 00:17:38, 260 the common soldier he always going to 424 00:17:35, 710 --> 00:17:39, 820 embraced it but brought comedy to it or 425 00:17:38, 260 --> 00:17:42, 370 accessibility and brought all the kind 426 00:17:39, 820 --> 00:17:46, 510 of antics we know and it was huge it was 427 00:17:42, 370 --> 00:17:50, 140 just kind of massive the audiences loved 428 00:17:46, 510 --> 00:17:53, 800 it they got it and I think it shows at 429 00:17:50, 140 --> 00:17:57, 429 that time and possibly that continues to 430 00:17:53, 800 --> 00:17:59, 590 this day that he had he had a better 431 00:17:57, 429 --> 00:18:02, 170 idea of what audiences would would 432 00:17:59, 590 --> 00:18:09, 550 stomach can take than any commentators 433 00:18:02, 170 --> 00:18:11, 470 or critics in September 1918 Charlie 434 00:18:09, 550 --> 00:18:13, 780 Chaplin married 17-year old actress 435 00:18:11, 470 --> 00:18:17, 140 Mildred Harris after she claims she was 436 00:18:13, 780 --> 00:18:18, 970 pregnant one of Charlie's problems was 437 00:18:17, 140 --> 00:18:22, 210 his fondness for women and young women 438 00:18:18, 970 --> 00:18:25, 600 in particular and it left him vulnerable 439 00:18:22, 210 --> 00:18:28, 179 to paternity suits and kind of things 440 00:18:25, 600 --> 00:18:30, 490 and the first one of these was an 441 00:18:28, 179 --> 00:18:33, 490 actress called Mildred Harris in order 442 00:18:30, 490 --> 00:18:35, 679 to be able to avert any terrible scandal 443 00:18:33, 490 --> 00:18:38, 80 he married her it turned out that she 444 00:18:35, 679 --> 00:18:40, 750 wasn't pregnant and he created a 445 00:18:38, 80 --> 00:18:41, 750 situation of wish unfortunate he be 446 00:18:40, 750 --> 00:18:44, 290 tended to repeat 447 00:18:41, 750 --> 00:18:46, 880 [Music] 448 00:18:44, 290 --> 00:18:48, 920 after being denied more money from first 449 00:18:46, 880 --> 00:18:51, 770 national Chaplin along with fellow 450 00:18:48, 920 --> 00:18:54, 680 actors Douglas Fairbanks Mary Pickford 451 00:18:51, 770 --> 00:18:57, 620 and director DW Griffith's formed a new 452 00:18:54, 680 --> 00:18:59, 620 production company United Artists the 453 00:18:57, 620 --> 00:19:02, 690 idea was to form a kind of collective 454 00:18:59, 620 --> 00:19:04, 550 distribution stroke studio run by the 455 00:19:02, 690 --> 00:19:07, 130 actors run by the people and the 456 00:19:04, 550 --> 00:19:09, 620 directors run by creating the films it 457 00:19:07, 130 --> 00:19:11, 930 was a radical and quite daring idea at 458 00:19:09, 620 --> 00:19:14, 570 the time to kind of push against it kind 459 00:19:11, 930 --> 00:19:16, 880 of established community of many people 460 00:19:14, 570 --> 00:19:18, 650 and then distributors that pre-existed 461 00:19:16, 880 --> 00:19:20, 840 them I think it would have shocked 462 00:19:18, 650 --> 00:19:22, 670 Hollywood bosses that these artists were 463 00:19:20, 840 --> 00:19:24, 380 banning together and creating United 464 00:19:22, 670 --> 00:19:25, 820 Artists on their own sort of saying 465 00:19:24, 380 --> 00:19:27, 890 we're the talent we're the ones the 466 00:19:25, 820 --> 00:19:29, 330 public wants to see on screen why should 467 00:19:27, 890 --> 00:19:31, 700 we let the sort of fat cats and the 468 00:19:29, 330 --> 00:19:34, 640 offices dictate our every move but it 469 00:19:31, 700 --> 00:19:37, 670 also gave Chaplin a certain sense of 470 00:19:34, 640 --> 00:19:39, 530 artistic time as well as freedom as his 471 00:19:37, 670 --> 00:19:42, 170 ambitions for growing and you're about 472 00:19:39, 530 --> 00:19:44, 90 to move into kind of his golden era but 473 00:19:42, 170 --> 00:19:48, 530 the most famous you know slightly longer 474 00:19:44, 90 --> 00:19:51, 680 films he created Harris fell pregnant 475 00:19:48, 530 --> 00:19:54, 590 and on the seventh of July 1919 gave 476 00:19:51, 680 --> 00:19:57, 170 birth but the baby was deformed and died 477 00:19:54, 590 --> 00:20:00, 350 three days later the marriage did not 478 00:19:57, 170 --> 00:20:02, 540 survive this tragedy Chaplin threw 479 00:20:00, 350 --> 00:20:04, 880 himself into his work he wanted to do 480 00:20:02, 540 --> 00:20:07, 550 something more than just comedy and in 481 00:20:04, 880 --> 00:20:11, 180 August 1919 started production on the 482 00:20:07, 550 --> 00:20:12, 920 kid his first feature film it took until 483 00:20:11, 180 --> 00:20:16, 850 the following May to finish the 484 00:20:12, 920 --> 00:20:18, 290 production it was a terrible time for 485 00:20:16, 850 --> 00:20:20, 330 him it took him a long time to get over 486 00:20:18, 290 --> 00:20:22, 970 it and of course in the process of which 487 00:20:20, 330 --> 00:20:26, 560 he defected what he was actually doing 488 00:20:22, 970 --> 00:20:28, 670 as an artist it definitely affected the 489 00:20:26, 560 --> 00:20:31, 580 material and the way that he wanted to 490 00:20:28, 670 --> 00:20:33, 980 do it in the way that he approached the 491 00:20:31, 580 --> 00:20:35, 630 whole idea of children and a father 492 00:20:33, 980 --> 00:20:38, 890 figure because let's not forget he'd 493 00:20:35, 630 --> 00:20:38, 890 never had a father figure in his life 494 00:20:41, 260 --> 00:20:46, 990 I think this fed nourished the film 495 00:20:44, 110 --> 00:20:49, 180 actually because it was him and very 496 00:20:46, 990 --> 00:20:51, 250 young Becky Kuhn and it proved to be an 497 00:20:49, 180 --> 00:20:53, 910 enormous hit it struck a nerve with a 498 00:20:51, 250 --> 00:20:53, 910 lot of people 499 00:21:01, 830 --> 00:21:07, 30 concerned that his former wife Ramirez 500 00:21:04, 450 --> 00:21:08, 950 divorcing would take the film he took 501 00:21:07, 30 --> 00:21:11, 980 the negative and cut it in a hotel room 502 00:21:08, 950 --> 00:21:14, 800 in Salt Lake City the kid was released 503 00:21:11, 980 --> 00:21:16, 950 in January 1921 and was an instant 504 00:21:14, 800 --> 00:21:16, 950 success 505 00:21:23, 450 --> 00:21:30, 170 in 1922 Charlie Chaplin was free to make 506 00:21:27, 530 --> 00:21:31, 160 films as an independent producer for his 507 00:21:30, 170 --> 00:21:32, 900 next production 508 00:21:31, 160 --> 00:21:35, 990 he chose a film with a romantic theme 509 00:21:32, 900 --> 00:21:37, 940 that also felt true to life a woman of 510 00:21:35, 990 --> 00:21:42, 840 Paris was acclaim for his revolutionary 511 00:21:37, 940 --> 00:21:47, 670 subtle approach on its release in 1923 512 00:21:42, 840 --> 00:21:50, 640 [Music] 513 00:21:47, 670 --> 00:21:52, 740 it was not at all what people expected 514 00:21:50, 640 --> 00:21:54, 450 from champion even though it had some 515 00:21:52, 740 --> 00:22:01, 770 very funny things in it it was all it 516 00:21:54, 450 --> 00:22:03, 780 was really a dramatic film it was really 517 00:22:01, 770 --> 00:22:06, 30 the first of his films in which he did 518 00:22:03, 780 --> 00:22:08, 160 not appear himself and people didn't go 519 00:22:06, 30 --> 00:22:10, 380 and this is just one of the examples 520 00:22:08, 160 --> 00:22:11, 580 that they wanted to see Charlie you know 521 00:22:10, 380 --> 00:22:13, 20 think if they wanted to see if they were 522 00:22:11, 580 --> 00:22:14, 610 going to see a Charlie Chaplin film or 523 00:22:13, 20 --> 00:22:15, 930 had his name attached to it and he 524 00:22:14, 610 --> 00:22:18, 270 didn't appear people with whom they'd 525 00:22:15, 930 --> 00:22:20, 590 been cheated so that was a lesson but he 526 00:22:18, 270 --> 00:22:30, 130 learned very quickly on 527 00:22:20, 590 --> 00:22:33, 260 [Music] 528 00:22:30, 130 --> 00:22:35, 840 hurt by the failure of a woman of Paris 529 00:22:33, 260 --> 00:22:38, 780 for his next feature Chaplin returned to 530 00:22:35, 840 --> 00:22:41, 0 comedy in the Tramp persona the goldrush 531 00:22:38, 780 --> 00:22:43, 280 set the Tramp as a lonely prospector 532 00:22:41, 0 --> 00:22:46, 100 hunting for gold and looking for love it 533 00:22:43, 280 --> 00:22:48, 560 took 15 months to shoot and cost 1 534 00:22:46, 100 --> 00:22:50, 30 million dollars to produce so after the 535 00:22:48, 560 --> 00:22:52, 580 disappointment of something like a woman 536 00:22:50, 30 --> 00:22:55, 70 in Paris he really wanted to focus on a 537 00:22:52, 580 --> 00:23:02, 450 great comedy film again and that was the 538 00:22:55, 70 --> 00:23:04, 610 gold rush one of the greatest of his 539 00:23:02, 450 --> 00:23:06, 740 films - moon gnome times me because it 540 00:23:04, 610 --> 00:23:10, 130 was a huge epic which was the gold rush 541 00:23:06, 740 --> 00:23:12, 50 and it contains some of his best work in 542 00:23:10, 130 --> 00:23:13, 370 many critics eyes it is it is certainly 543 00:23:12, 50 --> 00:23:16, 190 one of the top three that he ever made 544 00:23:13, 370 --> 00:23:18, 470 the gold rush was a huge success upon 545 00:23:16, 190 --> 00:23:20, 750 his release making back 5 million 546 00:23:18, 470 --> 00:23:23, 330 dollars at the box office the film 547 00:23:20, 750 --> 00:23:25, 570 contains some of Chaplin's most famous 548 00:23:23, 330 --> 00:23:25, 570 gaze 549 00:23:32, 80 --> 00:23:36, 860 it was absent Wow everybody went to see 550 00:23:36, 530 --> 00:23:40, 340 it 551 00:23:36, 860 --> 00:23:42, 560 he got out now from making normal small 552 00:23:40, 340 --> 00:23:44, 360 films who know films and look into the 553 00:23:42, 560 --> 00:23:46, 40 into epic I mean he was he was touching 554 00:23:44, 360 --> 00:23:47, 690 on I wouldn't say he was touching on DW 555 00:23:46, 40 --> 00:23:51, 790 Griffith's but he was moving into that 556 00:23:47, 690 --> 00:23:51, 790 kind of arena of big movies 557 00:23:55, 669 --> 00:24:00, 419 he's actually said it's the film he 558 00:23:57, 870 --> 00:24:02, 610 would like to be remembered for so the 559 00:24:00, 419 --> 00:24:06, 470 man himself loved this one the audiences 560 00:24:02, 610 --> 00:24:06, 470 loved it it's a high point of his career 561 00:24:07, 490 --> 00:24:12, 870 whilst making the Gold Rush Chaplin 562 00:24:10, 590 --> 00:24:14, 790 married for the second time Lita gray 563 00:24:12, 870 --> 00:24:16, 650 was another teenage actress who suddenly 564 00:24:14, 790 --> 00:24:18, 450 announced she was pregnant this was 565 00:24:16, 650 --> 00:24:21, 900 potentially even more scandalous because 566 00:24:18, 450 --> 00:24:24, 120 she was 16 when he met her again it was 567 00:24:21, 900 --> 00:24:26, 610 a it was an unhappy affair as my happy 568 00:24:24, 120 --> 00:24:28, 470 marriage I think the problem was that he 569 00:24:26, 610 --> 00:24:30, 240 was such a workaholic that he really 570 00:24:28, 470 --> 00:24:32, 460 couldn't hold down a normal home life 571 00:24:30, 240 --> 00:24:39, 630 and the fact that he had such young 572 00:24:32, 460 --> 00:24:42, 480 Brides didn't help at all the couple's 573 00:24:39, 630 --> 00:24:46, 100 first son Charles Spencer Chaplin jr. 574 00:24:42, 480 --> 00:24:48, 780 was born on the fifth of May 1925 575 00:24:46, 100 --> 00:24:51, 510 unhappily married Chaplin spent long 576 00:24:48, 780 --> 00:24:53, 490 hours at the studio working he started 577 00:24:51, 510 --> 00:24:55, 230 on the feature film the circus based 578 00:24:53, 490 --> 00:24:58, 49 around the idea of the Tramp being 579 00:24:55, 230 --> 00:24:59, 820 besieged by monkeys on a tightrope the 580 00:24:58, 49 --> 00:25:02, 250 circus would be a trouble production for 581 00:24:59, 820 --> 00:25:05, 70 Chaplin despite the birth of their 582 00:25:02, 250 --> 00:25:07, 470 second child gray filed for divorce 583 00:25:05, 70 --> 00:25:10, 260 accusing Chaplin of infidelity and abuse 584 00:25:07, 470 --> 00:25:12, 270 however his fan base was strong and 585 00:25:10, 260 --> 00:25:14, 730 Chaplin managed to survive the scandal 586 00:25:12, 270 --> 00:25:17, 460 the circus was finally released in 587 00:25:14, 730 --> 00:25:20, 340 January 1928 - a hugely positive 588 00:25:17, 460 --> 00:25:22, 260 reception in spite of the fact that he'd 589 00:25:20, 340 --> 00:25:24, 299 had real personal problems he managed to 590 00:25:22, 260 --> 00:25:27, 150 finish his next film the circus although 591 00:25:24, 299 --> 00:25:28, 620 it was very stressful for him and he 592 00:25:27, 150 --> 00:25:31, 80 wasn't entirely sure when he must pull 593 00:25:28, 620 --> 00:25:33, 720 it off he needed worried because in fact 594 00:25:31, 80 --> 00:25:37, 90 that year saw the first academy award 595 00:25:33, 720 --> 00:25:52, 370 ceremony and he won for the circus 596 00:25:37, 90 --> 00:25:54, 360 [Music] 597 00:25:52, 370 --> 00:25:56, 190 even though it went on to get Oscar 598 00:25:54, 360 --> 00:25:58, 50 nominations and was pretty well received 599 00:25:56, 190 --> 00:25:59, 700 by the public Chaplin never liked that 600 00:25:58, 50 --> 00:26:02, 50 film it just brought back all these 601 00:25:59, 700 --> 00:26:05, 30 horrible memories of this bitter divorce 602 00:26:02, 50 --> 00:26:08, 100 [Music] 603 00:26:05, 30 --> 00:26:11, 370 at this time Hollywood was now embracing 604 00:26:08, 100 --> 00:26:13, 230 the arrival of sound Chaplin was cynical 605 00:26:11, 370 --> 00:26:15, 450 of the new medium and the technical 606 00:26:13, 230 --> 00:26:17, 490 shortcomings it presented he didn't 607 00:26:15, 450 --> 00:26:19, 470 think that he could make the transition 608 00:26:17, 490 --> 00:26:23, 160 from what he would been doing in the 609 00:26:19, 470 --> 00:26:25, 950 past into the new era of sound the 610 00:26:23, 160 --> 00:26:27, 840 talkies were coming in but he was 611 00:26:25, 950 --> 00:26:30, 570 although affected by them he just didn't 612 00:26:27, 840 --> 00:26:33, 600 really want to do them he was late on 613 00:26:30, 570 --> 00:26:37, 570 the talkies because he felt that his 614 00:26:33, 600 --> 00:26:43, 70 methods required the silenced 615 00:26:37, 570 --> 00:26:43, 70 [Music] 616 00:26:43, 580 --> 00:26:47, 840 I mean the big test was always gonna 617 00:26:45, 200 --> 00:26:49, 490 come was as sound came around 618 00:26:47, 840 --> 00:26:51, 380 what would this make of him he was 619 00:26:49, 490 --> 00:26:54, 80 defined by the silent era it was defined 620 00:26:51, 380 --> 00:26:56, 210 by never speaking by expressing himself 621 00:26:54, 80 --> 00:26:58, 970 through his arms and legs and then his 622 00:26:56, 210 --> 00:27:01, 370 antics um and he kind of cheated a 623 00:26:58, 970 --> 00:27:03, 290 little bit really with sound he was 624 00:27:01, 370 --> 00:27:06, 350 convinced that giving the Tramp a voice 625 00:27:03, 290 --> 00:27:08, 600 would limit his appeal so instead he 626 00:27:06, 350 --> 00:27:11, 450 began developing another silent film but 627 00:27:08, 600 --> 00:27:14, 0 one with sound effect city lights 628 00:27:11, 450 --> 00:27:15, 950 started production at the end of 1928 629 00:27:14, 0 --> 00:27:18, 580 after Chaplin had worked on the story 630 00:27:15, 950 --> 00:27:18, 580 for over a year 631 00:27:19, 450 --> 00:27:27, 470 city lights was a very very late 632 00:27:23, 270 --> 00:27:30, 650 silent film he got over this by using 633 00:27:27, 470 --> 00:27:32, 690 sound within the film and also of course 634 00:27:30, 650 --> 00:27:34, 100 he composed his own music so he was able 635 00:27:32, 690 --> 00:27:38, 710 to actually create his own soundtrack 636 00:27:34, 100 --> 00:27:38, 710 for the film but he didn't use dialogue 637 00:27:40, 50 --> 00:27:46, 910 [Music] 638 00:27:43, 600 --> 00:27:50, 980 city lights was one of the last of the 639 00:27:46, 910 --> 00:27:54, 860 silence for him a great success about 640 00:27:50, 980 --> 00:27:57, 140 the way people lived in the big cities 641 00:27:54, 860 --> 00:28:00, 710 of the world and how they were really 642 00:27:57, 140 --> 00:28:03, 980 badly treated it was really a socialist 643 00:28:00, 710 --> 00:28:06, 180 trapped underneath underneath the fun 644 00:28:03, 980 --> 00:28:15, 380 and the games 645 00:28:06, 180 --> 00:28:15, 380 [Music] 646 00:28:15, 480 --> 00:28:21, 190 extraordinarily enough considering the 647 00:28:18, 940 --> 00:28:23, 740 fact that it was launched into what the 648 00:28:21, 190 --> 00:28:25, 360 then of course was a new era because 649 00:28:23, 740 --> 00:28:27, 759 people now going to the talk is I mean 650 00:28:25, 360 --> 00:28:29, 649 Jesse had already been out there people 651 00:28:27, 759 --> 00:28:33, 370 already sort of Wow being wowed by 652 00:28:29, 649 --> 00:28:35, 409 hearing people talk and saying he made 653 00:28:33, 370 --> 00:28:37, 149 it work and the critics he even with 654 00:28:35, 409 --> 00:28:40, 240 critics lighted they did not think that 655 00:28:37, 149 --> 00:28:42, 639 it was passe or long fashioned many of 656 00:28:40, 240 --> 00:28:45, 220 them said frankly Charlie Chaplin is the 657 00:28:42, 639 --> 00:28:46, 90 only person on the on this planet who 658 00:28:45, 220 --> 00:28:51, 309 could have pulled it off 659 00:28:46, 90 --> 00:28:53, 80 but pull it off he did city light took 660 00:28:51, 309 --> 00:28:56, 649 over three million dollars at the box 661 00:28:53, 80 --> 00:28:58, 480 office after its huge success chaplin 662 00:28:56, 649 --> 00:29:01, 419 went on what he intended to be a short 663 00:28:58, 480 --> 00:29:03, 610 european trip but which turned into a 16 664 00:29:01, 419 --> 00:29:06, 129 month tour he felt incredibly lonely 665 00:29:03, 610 --> 00:29:08, 620 during his time a feeling that changed 666 00:29:06, 129 --> 00:29:09, 429 when he met paulette goddard a 21 year 667 00:29:08, 620 --> 00:29:13, 600 old actress 668 00:29:09, 429 --> 00:29:17, 9 they were both not just film stars and 669 00:29:13, 600 --> 00:29:19, 330 celebrities but they both had 670 00:29:17, 9 --> 00:29:21, 309 inquisitive minds they had socially 671 00:29:19, 330 --> 00:29:23, 409 inquisitive minds and they went 672 00:29:21, 309 --> 00:29:26, 80 travelling and I think it boasts 673 00:29:23, 409 --> 00:29:29, 379 developed in them through their desire 674 00:29:26, 80 --> 00:29:31, 529 not just accidental a great social 675 00:29:29, 379 --> 00:29:31, 529 awareness 676 00:29:32, 830 --> 00:29:38, 120 with a newfound interest and awareness 677 00:29:35, 299 --> 00:29:39, 830 of contemporary politics Chaplin looked 678 00:29:38, 120 --> 00:29:42, 559 to make a feature about the state of 679 00:29:39, 830 --> 00:29:45, 409 labour in America a subject and troubled 680 00:29:42, 559 --> 00:29:47, 299 him deeply modern times which took 10 681 00:29:45, 409 --> 00:29:49, 460 months to film followed the Tramp and 682 00:29:47, 299 --> 00:29:52, 309 Goddard as workers in during the Great 683 00:29:49, 460 --> 00:29:55, 159 Depression due to its political nature 684 00:29:52, 309 --> 00:29:58, 780 it received mixed reviews and made less 685 00:29:55, 159 --> 00:29:58, 780 at the box office on his recent film 686 00:30:06, 59 --> 00:30:09, 970 he's the most famous person in the world 687 00:30:08, 320 --> 00:30:12, 940 he was going to be influencing people 688 00:30:09, 970 --> 00:30:14, 409 and as his films grew he became more and 689 00:30:12, 940 --> 00:30:15, 730 more socialist minded you know he 690 00:30:14, 409 --> 00:30:17, 799 traveled around America and saw the 691 00:30:15, 730 --> 00:30:20, 409 effects the depression their modern 692 00:30:17, 799 --> 00:30:40, 120 times was was a film about what was 693 00:30:20, 409 --> 00:30:44, 49 going on in America well you look at 694 00:30:40, 120 --> 00:30:46, 389 modern times now it seems like a lesson 695 00:30:44, 49 --> 00:30:50, 669 for today as well as for for the 696 00:30:46, 389 --> 00:30:53, 470 thirties somebody fighting against 697 00:30:50, 669 --> 00:30:55, 330 mechanization fighting against all the 698 00:30:53, 470 --> 00:30:56, 769 modern things which meant the work that 699 00:30:55, 330 --> 00:30:58, 450 was less and less important and the 700 00:30:56, 769 --> 00:31:02, 60 equipment was more and more important 701 00:30:58, 450 --> 00:31:04, 760 but that was an extraordinary film 702 00:31:02, 60 --> 00:31:10, 980 [Music] 703 00:31:04, 760 --> 00:31:12, 780 quit stalling get back to work so modern 704 00:31:10, 980 --> 00:31:14, 700 times was a different kind of Chaplin 705 00:31:12, 780 --> 00:31:17, 10 film he started he was reflecting on the 706 00:31:14, 700 --> 00:31:19, 740 social issues of the day a bit of 707 00:31:17, 10 --> 00:31:21, 390 politics it got somewhat mixed reviews 708 00:31:19, 740 --> 00:31:24, 720 but is now considered one of his his 709 00:31:21, 390 --> 00:31:26, 250 great films Chaplin went on another far 710 00:31:24, 720 --> 00:31:28, 190 east trip with Goddard after the 711 00:31:26, 250 --> 00:31:31, 650 completion and release of modern times 712 00:31:28, 190 --> 00:31:34, 40 but by 1938 the couple had drifted apart 713 00:31:31, 650 --> 00:31:36, 780 with their different career ambitions 714 00:31:34, 40 --> 00:31:40, 230 deeply disturbed by the surge of German 715 00:31:36, 780 --> 00:31:42, 570 nationalism in the 1930s Chaplin chose 716 00:31:40, 230 --> 00:31:48, 0 to make the Great Dictator as his next 717 00:31:42, 570 --> 00:31:50, 340 project and his first full sound film it 718 00:31:48, 0 --> 00:31:52, 740 was his most overtly political project 719 00:31:50, 340 --> 00:31:54, 870 and a satirical attack on fascism the 720 00:31:52, 740 --> 00:31:55, 800 lead characters strongly resembled and 721 00:31:54, 870 --> 00:32:01, 950 Lampoon 722 00:31:55, 800 --> 00:32:04, 220 Hitler but to remain great we must 723 00:32:01, 950 --> 00:32:04, 220 sacrifice 724 00:32:12, 720 --> 00:32:21, 720 [Music] 725 00:32:17, 989 --> 00:32:24, 119 well the Great Dictator was probably an 726 00:32:21, 720 --> 00:32:25, 919 incredibly famous film which was 727 00:32:24, 119 --> 00:32:26, 879 regarded very highly at one point but 728 00:32:25, 919 --> 00:32:31, 350 will you look at it now it's not 729 00:32:26, 879 --> 00:32:40, 919 terribly wonderful he was really trying 730 00:32:31, 350 --> 00:32:43, 49 to actually parody Adolf Hitler you have 731 00:32:40, 919 --> 00:32:46, 799 to remember with Chaplin that he did 732 00:32:43, 49 --> 00:32:48, 720 want to say a lot he first of all he he 733 00:32:46, 799 --> 00:32:51, 389 became one of the greatest comedians had 734 00:32:48, 720 --> 00:32:55, 99 ever been but he wanted to be more than 735 00:32:51, 389 --> 00:32:55, 99 that he wanted to actually say something 736 00:32:55, 270 --> 00:33:02, 99 [Music] 737 00:33:02, 600 --> 00:33:08, 929 as his films for breasts he tried to 738 00:33:05, 539 --> 00:33:11, 720 save more and more and the more he said 739 00:33:08, 929 --> 00:33:14, 929 the more he tried to say the list the 740 00:33:11, 720 --> 00:33:18, 649 public really took hold of him so there 741 00:33:14, 929 --> 00:33:24, 399 was a point in his career after and that 742 00:33:18, 649 --> 00:33:24, 399 film where he was less successful 743 00:33:26, 80 --> 00:33:31, 490 [Music] 744 00:33:29, 320 --> 00:33:33, 740 continuing on from the success of the 745 00:33:31, 490 --> 00:33:36, 110 Great Dictator a film which received 746 00:33:33, 740 --> 00:33:38, 240 five Academy Awards the years that 747 00:33:36, 110 --> 00:33:40, 370 followed saw Charlie Chaplin involved in 748 00:33:38, 240 --> 00:33:43, 549 legal troubles which generated a large 749 00:33:40, 370 --> 00:33:45, 769 amount of negative press in 1941 750 00:33:43, 549 --> 00:33:47, 870 aspiring actress Joan beery 751 00:33:45, 769 --> 00:33:50, 120 claims she had an affair with Chaplin 752 00:33:47, 870 --> 00:33:52, 820 and was pregnant with his child the 753 00:33:50, 120 --> 00:33:55, 39 story exploded the controversy 754 00:33:52, 820 --> 00:33:56, 779 surrounding Chaplin heightened when two 755 00:33:55, 39 --> 00:33:59, 90 weeks after the paternity suit was filed 756 00:33:56, 779 --> 00:34:01, 909 it came to light that he had married his 757 00:33:59, 90 --> 00:34:04, 909 newest protege 18-year old owner O'Neal 758 00:34:01, 909 --> 00:34:08, 60 Chaplin was 54 they would go on to have 759 00:34:04, 909 --> 00:34:11, 149 eight children together the great thing 760 00:34:08, 60 --> 00:34:14, 359 about his his own life was meeting Oona 761 00:34:11, 149 --> 00:34:18, 169 Chaplin the daughter of Eugene O'Neill 762 00:34:14, 359 --> 00:34:19, 310 the playwright and lovely lady very 763 00:34:18, 169 --> 00:34:21, 859 young at the time 764 00:34:19, 310 --> 00:34:24, 889 another of his young women but he stayed 765 00:34:21, 859 --> 00:34:28, 790 with her for the rest of his life 766 00:34:24, 889 --> 00:34:32, 349 in April 1946 Chaplin started production 767 00:34:28, 790 --> 00:34:36, 310 on his next project Monsieur Verdoux a 768 00:34:32, 349 --> 00:34:40, 730 very very black comedy about a man who 769 00:34:36, 310 --> 00:34:43, 639 decides to basically marry rich old 770 00:34:40, 730 --> 00:34:45, 169 ladies and kill them for their money so 771 00:34:43, 639 --> 00:34:48, 139 he's a kind of it's one of the early 772 00:34:45, 169 --> 00:34:51, 470 serial killer comedies if you like an 773 00:34:48, 139 --> 00:34:53, 419 extraordinary film no Tramp Chaplin was 774 00:34:51, 470 --> 00:34:55, 790 right at the center of a teammate he did 775 00:34:53, 419 --> 00:34:57, 980 the music for it it wasn't at all 776 00:34:55, 790 --> 00:35:02, 89 sentimental like a lot of his other 777 00:34:57, 980 --> 00:35:04, 970 films it was a very sharp a film which 778 00:35:02, 89 --> 00:35:08, 500 the public really didn't understand at 779 00:35:04, 970 --> 00:35:10, 880 all and nor did the critics at the time 780 00:35:08, 500 --> 00:35:13, 99 it was anti-capitalist and they were 781 00:35:10, 880 --> 00:35:15, 980 already all these talks of him being a 782 00:35:13, 99 --> 00:35:18, 920 communist so this really stirred up some 783 00:35:15, 980 --> 00:35:20, 150 some bad talk in the States it wasn't 784 00:35:18, 920 --> 00:35:22, 250 received as well as some of his other 785 00:35:20, 150 --> 00:35:24, 650 pictures there was talks of banning it 786 00:35:22, 250 --> 00:35:26, 390 he was called to testify in front of the 787 00:35:24, 650 --> 00:35:30, 589 house on American Activities Commission 788 00:35:26, 390 --> 00:35:32, 300 but he never actually had to do that the 789 00:35:30, 589 --> 00:35:34, 130 reaction to Monsieur Verdoux stemmed 790 00:35:32, 300 --> 00:35:36, 710 from the negative changes to Chaplin's 791 00:35:34, 130 --> 00:35:38, 960 public image he opposed the trials of 792 00:35:36, 710 --> 00:35:41, 60 Communist Party members although he was 793 00:35:38, 960 --> 00:35:44, 599 not a communist himself he felt it 794 00:35:41, 60 --> 00:35:47, 270 imposed on civil liberties in 1947 the 795 00:35:44, 599 --> 00:35:48, 770 FBI opened an investigation into Chaplin 796 00:35:47, 270 --> 00:35:50, 619 as a potential threat to national 797 00:35:48, 770 --> 00:35:53, 660 security 798 00:35:50, 619 --> 00:35:56, 720 because Charlie had by this stage also 799 00:35:53, 660 --> 00:36:00, 109 being quite bosepheus in his political 800 00:35:56, 720 --> 00:36:02, 300 ideas and leanings and he was considered 801 00:36:00, 109 --> 00:36:07, 880 to be a threat he was considered to be a 802 00:36:02, 300 --> 00:36:10, 329 red Jade hated him the FBI suspected him 803 00:36:07, 880 --> 00:36:13, 640 being a communist which never had been 804 00:36:10, 329 --> 00:36:16, 190 they didn't like his politics they hated 805 00:36:13, 640 --> 00:36:18, 619 his morality I think J Edgar Hoover had 806 00:36:16, 190 --> 00:36:19, 819 it in for Hollywood in general he went 807 00:36:18, 619 --> 00:36:22, 609 after a lot of people in Hollywood 808 00:36:19, 819 --> 00:36:23, 990 Chaplin really caught his eye and I 809 00:36:22, 609 --> 00:36:26, 329 think Chaplin had gotten himself into 810 00:36:23, 990 --> 00:36:28, 790 trouble by addressing a Hollywood room 811 00:36:26, 329 --> 00:36:32, 240 by saying hello comrads he was kind of 812 00:36:28, 790 --> 00:36:35, 210 joking but that sort of got Jake Jake 813 00:36:32, 240 --> 00:36:37, 99 Hoover's backup Chaplin his next film 814 00:36:35, 210 --> 00:36:39, 470 was intended to be his last before 815 00:36:37, 99 --> 00:36:41, 839 retirement limelight was heavily 816 00:36:39, 470 --> 00:36:43, 880 autobiographical filming started in 817 00:36:41, 839 --> 00:36:46, 710 November 1951 with a cast including 818 00:36:43, 880 --> 00:36:54, 409 members of his family 819 00:36:46, 710 --> 00:36:54, 409 [Music] 820 00:36:57, 0 --> 00:37:01, 570 you made a line like very sentimental 821 00:36:59, 800 --> 00:37:02, 770 film after Misha Villa which wasn't 822 00:37:01, 570 --> 00:37:04, 540 sentimental at all 823 00:37:02, 770 --> 00:37:07, 720 and I think he was trying to actually 824 00:37:04, 540 --> 00:37:11, 50 make films like he used to for the 825 00:37:07, 720 --> 00:37:12, 970 public and he had in it the other great 826 00:37:11, 50 --> 00:37:20, 480 comedian of the time Buster Keaton 827 00:37:12, 970 --> 00:37:22, 280 [Music] 828 00:37:20, 480 --> 00:37:24, 920 I think limelight is a very poignant 829 00:37:22, 280 --> 00:37:28, 730 film when we look at Chaplin's life he 830 00:37:24, 920 --> 00:37:30, 740 is about an ex music all-star and very 831 00:37:28, 730 --> 00:37:33, 580 personal work for him you know as a man 832 00:37:30, 740 --> 00:37:37, 160 gets on in years he wants to live deeply 833 00:37:33, 580 --> 00:37:39, 50 feeling it said dignity comes upon him 834 00:37:37, 160 --> 00:37:40, 460 and that's fatal for a comic but he 835 00:37:39, 50 --> 00:37:41, 840 decided because it was set in the UK 836 00:37:40, 460 --> 00:37:44, 980 who's gonna have the premiere in London 837 00:37:41, 840 --> 00:37:47, 330 and he got on a boat with his family and 838 00:37:44, 980 --> 00:37:48, 200 basically the government said well you 839 00:37:47, 330 --> 00:37:50, 690 can't come back 840 00:37:48, 200 --> 00:37:53, 630 the scandal around Chaplin attracted 841 00:37:50, 690 --> 00:37:56, 480 vast attention and limelight was largely 842 00:37:53, 630 --> 00:37:59, 60 boycotted the film received a warmer 843 00:37:56, 480 --> 00:38:01, 520 reception in Europe Chaplin did not 844 00:37:59, 60 --> 00:38:03, 710 attempt to return to the USA the couple 845 00:38:01, 520 --> 00:38:06, 760 settled in Switzerland in January 1953 846 00:38:03, 710 --> 00:38:06, 760 with their children 847 00:38:06, 910 --> 00:38:11, 300 Chaplin abandoned plans for his 848 00:38:09, 170 --> 00:38:14, 270 retirement and started work on his first 849 00:38:11, 300 --> 00:38:16, 100 European film a king in New York the 850 00:38:14, 270 --> 00:38:18, 500 subject matter drew on Chaplin's own 851 00:38:16, 100 --> 00:38:20, 420 recent experiences and it has been 852 00:38:18, 500 --> 00:38:22, 970 described as his most personal and 853 00:38:20, 420 --> 00:38:24, 710 bitter film Chaplin decided not to 854 00:38:22, 970 --> 00:38:28, 120 release the film in the United States 855 00:38:24, 710 --> 00:38:30, 740 which severely affected its revenue 856 00:38:28, 120 --> 00:38:33, 410 living in Europe he made a king in New 857 00:38:30, 740 --> 00:38:35, 690 York which was very personal and it did 858 00:38:33, 410 --> 00:38:38, 290 talk about somebody going through 859 00:38:35, 690 --> 00:38:42, 50 similar experiences of being branded a 860 00:38:38, 290 --> 00:38:45, 220 communist and I think for that reason it 861 00:38:42, 50 --> 00:38:48, 80 was a very personal special film for him 862 00:38:45, 220 --> 00:38:50, 600 in the last two decades of his career 863 00:38:48, 80 --> 00:38:52, 880 Chaplin concentrated on re-editing and 864 00:38:50, 600 --> 00:38:54, 830 scoring his old films for re-release as 865 00:38:52, 880 --> 00:38:58, 100 well as securing their ownership and 866 00:38:54, 830 --> 00:38:59, 990 distribution rights in the early 60s her 867 00:38:58, 100 --> 00:39:01, 790 a new depreciation of Chaplin's work 868 00:38:59, 990 --> 00:39:04, 940 began to be expressed throughout Europe 869 00:39:01, 790 --> 00:39:07, 790 and the USA and in 1964 he released his 870 00:39:04, 940 --> 00:39:10, 250 autobiography shortly after his 871 00:39:07, 790 --> 00:39:13, 40 publication Chaplin started work on his 872 00:39:10, 250 --> 00:39:15, 70 last completed film a countess from Hong 873 00:39:13, 40 --> 00:39:15, 70 Kong 874 00:39:20, 510 --> 00:39:26, 900 I suppose his first modern film it 875 00:39:24, 650 --> 00:39:29, 630 wasn't good and I don't think we should 876 00:39:26, 900 --> 00:39:31, 100 remember him with his last film with a 877 00:39:29, 630 --> 00:39:33, 950 countess from Hong Kong he's working 878 00:39:31, 100 --> 00:39:35, 990 with Marlon Brando Sophia Loren it is a 879 00:39:33, 950 --> 00:39:37, 850 more modern film he's making it in 880 00:39:35, 990 --> 00:39:39, 740 Technicolor and the widescreen format 881 00:39:37, 850 --> 00:39:41, 540 but it got a bit of her lukewarm 882 00:39:39, 740 --> 00:39:43, 450 response people maybe weren't ready to 883 00:39:41, 540 --> 00:39:46, 160 see that kind of film from Chaplin 884 00:39:43, 450 --> 00:39:49, 670 everything technically very proficient 885 00:39:46, 160 --> 00:39:52, 40 but he was a remarkable filmmaker but 886 00:39:49, 670 --> 00:39:54, 620 somehow what he was trying to say in the 887 00:39:52, 40 --> 00:39:57, 700 film didn't really work in Brando and 888 00:39:54, 620 --> 00:40:00, 650 Loren didn't really know what what 889 00:39:57, 700 --> 00:40:03, 340 Charlie was getting at maybe Charlie 890 00:40:00, 650 --> 00:40:03, 340 didn't either 891 00:40:04, 30 --> 00:40:09, 410 Chaplin broke his ankle at the end of 892 00:40:06, 320 --> 00:40:12, 530 1966 and a series of minor strokes 893 00:40:09, 410 --> 00:40:14, 330 marked a decline in his health Chaplin 894 00:40:12, 530 --> 00:40:16, 730 had begun work on a new script entitled 895 00:40:14, 330 --> 00:40:19, 510 the Freak but his ill health prevented 896 00:40:16, 730 --> 00:40:22, 400 the project from going to production in 897 00:40:19, 510 --> 00:40:25, 160 1972 Chaplin returned to America for the 898 00:40:22, 400 --> 00:40:29, 60 first time in 20 years to accept an 899 00:40:25, 160 --> 00:40:31, 280 honorary Academy Award I think it was 900 00:40:29, 60 --> 00:40:33, 710 great that the Academy did welcome him 901 00:40:31, 280 --> 00:40:37, 100 back in 1972 he hadn't even been in the 902 00:40:33, 710 --> 00:40:39, 619 US for 20-plus years and all of a sudden 903 00:40:37, 100 --> 00:40:42, 200 he's getting this honorary Oscar he took 904 00:40:39, 619 --> 00:40:44, 900 the stage and I think Jack Lemmon 905 00:40:42, 200 --> 00:40:47, 810 presented him the award and he got 12 906 00:40:44, 900 --> 00:40:49, 850 minute standing ovation which is the 907 00:40:47, 810 --> 00:40:53, 450 longest ovation in the history of 908 00:40:49, 850 --> 00:40:56, 80 Academy Awards so finally he sort of 909 00:40:53, 450 --> 00:40:58, 970 came back and finally they acknowledged 910 00:40:56, 80 --> 00:41:02, 990 just what it was he had achieved and the 911 00:40:58, 970 --> 00:41:05, 780 significance of his achievements in 1975 912 00:41:02, 990 --> 00:41:09, 890 with failing health Chaplin received a 913 00:41:05, 780 --> 00:41:11, 840 knighthood by October 1977 Chaplin's 914 00:41:09, 890 --> 00:41:14, 270 health had declined to the point that he 915 00:41:11, 840 --> 00:41:17, 530 needed constant care in the early 916 00:41:14, 270 --> 00:41:20, 210 morning of the 25th of December 1977 917 00:41:17, 530 --> 00:41:23, 859 Chaplin died at home after suffering a 918 00:41:20, 210 --> 00:41:26, 510 stroke in his sleep he was 88 years old 919 00:41:23, 859 --> 00:41:29, 60 the funeral was a small and private 920 00:41:26, 510 --> 00:41:32, 180 Anglican ceremony according to his 921 00:41:29, 60 --> 00:41:34, 790 wishes Chaplin was buried in the Vevey 922 00:41:32, 180 --> 00:41:41, 440 Cemetery in Switzerland 923 00:41:34, 790 --> 00:41:41, 440 [Music] 924 00:41:55, 650 --> 00:42:03, 70 he's no doubt that as a comedian nobody 925 00:42:00, 940 --> 00:42:08, 170 could possibly have been better on the 926 00:42:03, 70 --> 00:42:10, 360 screen he understood how an audience 927 00:42:08, 170 --> 00:42:12, 340 worked and was reacted its kind of 928 00:42:10, 360 --> 00:42:14, 50 pretty about five or six people to the 929 00:42:12, 340 --> 00:42:16, 570 history of cinema who had the underlying 930 00:42:14, 50 --> 00:42:18, 400 instinct for how noise will respond to 931 00:42:16, 570 --> 00:42:21, 760 every second of what you're attempting 932 00:42:18, 400 --> 00:42:23, 530 to do and still today if you sat down a 933 00:42:21, 760 --> 00:42:27, 220 four-year-old to watch the Tramp 934 00:42:23, 530 --> 00:42:29, 920 they would laugh this is a guy who was 935 00:42:27, 220 --> 00:42:32, 950 probably the greatest cinematic pioneer 936 00:42:29, 920 --> 00:42:35, 680 in movie history from the film industry 937 00:42:32, 950 --> 00:42:37, 540 to what we see on screen he made so much 938 00:42:35, 680 --> 00:42:41, 200 possible he really inspired so many 939 00:42:37, 540 --> 00:42:44, 670 future generations and everybody took a 940 00:42:41, 200 --> 00:42:48, 280 lot from him there's no doubt about it 941 00:42:44, 670 --> 00:42:50, 410 he was the Charles Dickens of cinema 942 00:42:48, 280 --> 00:42:52, 360 today when I hear the words Charlie 943 00:42:50, 410 --> 00:42:55, 0 Chaplin it puts a smile in my face and 944 00:42:52, 360 --> 00:42:56, 210 what greater legacy is there for anyone 945 00:42:55, 0 --> 00:43:11, 260 working in film 946 00:42:56, 210 --> 00:43:11, 260 [Music] 69410