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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:04,506 --> 00:00:05,872 Freedom. 2 00:00:05,908 --> 00:00:10,814 You say America, and it's probably the next word that comes to mind. 3 00:00:11,803 --> 00:00:15,772 It's our fundamental right to live our lives however we want. 4 00:00:16,413 --> 00:00:18,885 But freedom isn't something we've always had. 5 00:00:20,337 --> 00:00:25,716 When I was 18 I joined the air force and I did well enough on my test to qualify 6 00:00:25,752 --> 00:00:29,180 as an electronic counter measures operator. 7 00:00:29,216 --> 00:00:31,653 But I was told I couldn't take that job. 8 00:00:32,469 --> 00:00:37,336 Apparently, no black man could fly with the Strategic Air Command. 9 00:00:39,104 --> 00:00:44,261 Abraham Lincoln knew that a country could only truly stand for freedom if 10 00:00:44,297 --> 00:00:46,305 it applied to all of its people. 11 00:00:47,344 --> 00:00:50,591 Around the world there's a growing tide of freedom. 12 00:00:51,056 --> 00:00:54,768 The belief that every person has the right to self determination 13 00:00:54,804 --> 00:00:57,641 is growing stronger and stronger. 14 00:00:59,415 --> 00:01:04,474 I wonder, if one day we will all be free. 15 00:01:07,452 --> 00:01:10,096 What drives people to fight for freedom? 16 00:01:10,132 --> 00:01:13,056 Five nights before elections they told everybody Putin 17 00:01:13,092 --> 00:01:14,245 will be the next president. 18 00:01:14,281 --> 00:01:16,465 I was just really angry. 19 00:01:17,483 --> 00:01:20,946 Can we find liberty even when bound in chains? 20 00:01:20,982 --> 00:01:24,940 My mind and emotions were beyond the confines of that cell. 21 00:01:25,560 --> 00:01:29,452 And when will everyone be free to be who they really are? 22 00:01:29,488 --> 00:01:33,199 I wanna wear a Burkah so nobody sees me as a boy. 23 00:01:34,416 --> 00:01:37,861 That's when I felt what freedom really meant. 24 00:01:45,033 --> 00:01:46,840 This is my journey. 25 00:01:48,899 --> 00:01:51,508 To discover the ties that bind us. 26 00:01:53,834 --> 00:01:56,538 And the common humanity inside us. 27 00:01:58,986 --> 00:02:02,007 This is The Story of Us. 28 00:02:02,043 --> 00:02:07,043 Subtitles by explosiveskull 29 00:02:08,409 --> 00:02:11,318 I'm going to meet a man who was born a slave. 30 00:02:14,569 --> 00:02:19,377 Shin Dong Hyuk began his life in a North Korean labor camp. 31 00:02:20,631 --> 00:02:24,794 It was the only world he knew until he was 23 years old. 32 00:02:25,649 --> 00:02:30,736 I wonder what freedom means for someone who first encounters it as an adult? 33 00:02:31,982 --> 00:02:36,822 Shin and his wife Leann are meeting me in New York City to tell me his story. 34 00:02:36,858 --> 00:02:38,651 Nice to meet you. 35 00:02:38,687 --> 00:02:40,836 - How do you do? - Good. 36 00:02:40,872 --> 00:02:45,611 So, how long you two been married? 37 00:02:45,647 --> 00:02:46,607 - Two year. - Two years? 38 00:02:46,643 --> 00:02:48,852 - Yeah, this April. - Is that a long time yet? 39 00:02:48,888 --> 00:02:50,447 - Yes. - Yeah. 40 00:02:52,838 --> 00:02:55,770 Feels long at the same time it feels like it was just yesterday. 41 00:02:55,806 --> 00:02:58,829 Ok, got, got you out of a hole there. 42 00:02:59,854 --> 00:03:02,755 You been free now for, what? 43 00:03:02,830 --> 00:03:03,828 Eleven year. 44 00:03:03,864 --> 00:03:08,996 Eleven years, okay, so you were born in a slave labor camp? 45 00:03:09,393 --> 00:03:10,780 Yep, so. 46 00:03:10,816 --> 00:03:14,565 How did it come about that you were gonna be born there? 47 00:03:14,601 --> 00:03:18,510 My parents go in the camp, I was born in the camp. 48 00:03:18,546 --> 00:03:20,974 - They were political prisoners? - Yes. 49 00:03:21,809 --> 00:03:25,121 The United Nations estimates there are about 100,000 50 00:03:25,157 --> 00:03:27,748 political prisoners in North Korea. 51 00:03:28,427 --> 00:03:33,256 You can be thrown into a prison camp simply by speaking ill of the country's leader. 52 00:03:34,610 --> 00:03:38,436 Just talk to me a little bit about daily life while you were in the camp. 53 00:03:38,518 --> 00:03:40,592 You were there for a long time. 54 00:03:42,340 --> 00:03:43,930 We woke around 4 AM. 55 00:03:43,966 --> 00:03:48,162 and there would be some kind of signal either a bell, maybe a speaker 56 00:03:48,198 --> 00:03:49,690 and we would know it was time to go and work. 57 00:03:49,749 --> 00:03:51,952 So would do whatever task it would be. 58 00:03:56,980 --> 00:04:01,520 It could be farming corn rice, it could be working in the coal mines. 59 00:04:03,646 --> 00:04:07,156 None of us had dreams or hopes for the future. 60 00:04:07,192 --> 00:04:09,573 It was just so natural, that's just the way it was. 61 00:04:10,892 --> 00:04:13,395 Born there, lived there, die there. 62 00:04:17,418 --> 00:04:21,438 If we do something wrong or don't work well, the guards would give us an option, 63 00:04:21,474 --> 00:04:23,510 you can either starve or get beat. 64 00:04:24,038 --> 00:04:24,747 Gee wiz! 65 00:04:28,582 --> 00:04:33,707 So one of the rules that we learn is that we are never, ever supposed to eat anything, 66 00:04:33,938 --> 00:04:35,323 that is not given to us. 67 00:04:37,372 --> 00:04:42,384 This little girl was probably six or seven at the time but she must have came across 68 00:04:42,420 --> 00:04:45,478 something to eat and she didn't want to eat it all at once and she must have wanted 69 00:04:45,514 --> 00:04:50,388 to save it so she had to hid it in her pocket and one of the guards had said, 70 00:04:50,424 --> 00:04:53,534 why didn't follow the rule, you know better than that? 71 00:04:54,698 --> 00:04:58,860 And he repeatedly hit her on her head and eventually she passed out. 72 00:05:03,513 --> 00:05:08,160 The next day she didn't come to class so the guard sent us to go get her 73 00:05:08,196 --> 00:05:11,355 but when we got the house she was dead. 74 00:05:11,456 --> 00:05:13,021 They beat this child to death? 75 00:05:17,281 --> 00:05:18,708 What about your parents? 76 00:05:20,588 --> 00:05:22,932 Really sad but they were just fellow prisoners to me, 77 00:05:23,022 --> 00:05:25,425 I didn't have any sense of family. 78 00:05:29,137 --> 00:05:34,305 The hardest thing in my whole life is probably the memory of my mum and my brother. 79 00:05:36,156 --> 00:05:39,927 But I learned as a child that I'm supposed to report to the guards at any point 80 00:05:39,966 --> 00:05:43,332 on my own parents, you know, report if they're doing anything wrong. 81 00:05:43,368 --> 00:05:47,671 And the more I report on them, the better off it is for me. 82 00:05:48,279 --> 00:05:52,705 So I thought they were escaping and I reported on them. 83 00:05:54,900 --> 00:05:59,094 I really had no anticipation or thoughts of what would come from that. 84 00:05:59,755 --> 00:06:02,730 There were many people gathered and my father and 85 00:06:02,766 --> 00:06:05,947 I were forced to watch their execution. 86 00:06:20,940 --> 00:06:25,041 But honestly I really had no emotion. 87 00:06:25,092 --> 00:06:26,847 - When it happened? - When it happened. 88 00:06:30,641 --> 00:06:34,170 In a way I thought it must have been a sin that maybe they... 89 00:06:37,049 --> 00:06:38,408 deserved. 90 00:06:46,733 --> 00:06:50,265 Later Shin recalls meeting a fellow prisoner named Park, 91 00:06:50,301 --> 00:06:53,906 a man who traveled throughout North Korea and China. 92 00:06:54,998 --> 00:07:01,250 He intoxicated Shin with descriptions of life lived freely and life with food. 93 00:07:07,024 --> 00:07:10,867 He sparked a lot of curiosity with the things he said. 94 00:07:15,049 --> 00:07:18,843 But the thing that was most fascinating was the way he was able to express 95 00:07:18,879 --> 00:07:21,978 and explain the foods he ate, like pork, 96 00:07:22,014 --> 00:07:26,593 the way he would describe it was so interesting and it just pulled me in. 97 00:07:26,629 --> 00:07:29,977 Some might consider it kind of foolish or humorous 98 00:07:30,013 --> 00:07:33,107 but for me it was something as simple as food. 99 00:07:33,143 --> 00:07:36,340 It was that simple thought that kind of drove me initially. 100 00:07:36,376 --> 00:07:37,345 To run? 101 00:07:40,369 --> 00:07:46,554 In 2005, January 2nd we were tasked to work near the fence. 102 00:07:47,452 --> 00:07:52,379 I had actually been the one to initially say, maybe this is the time we should try. 103 00:07:54,138 --> 00:07:59,850 According to Shin, when they made their break, Park arrived at the fence first. 104 00:08:00,691 --> 00:08:03,943 But he accidentally touched the electric wire. 105 00:08:05,031 --> 00:08:07,591 Only Shin made it through alive. 106 00:08:15,654 --> 00:08:18,828 I really had no idea what to do or where to go, 107 00:08:18,864 --> 00:08:21,989 all I knew is that I needed to get away as far as possible. 108 00:08:22,053 --> 00:08:23,487 Of course, of course. 109 00:08:25,293 --> 00:08:30,359 Shin crossed the border into China and survived by working odd jobs. 110 00:08:30,777 --> 00:08:36,234 He made his way to Shanghai and from there gained passage to Seoul in South Korea. 111 00:08:37,383 --> 00:08:43,716 Shin had freed his body, but he began to realize his mind was still enslaved. 112 00:08:45,403 --> 00:08:46,694 You're free. 113 00:08:46,730 --> 00:08:47,947 How is that feeling? 114 00:08:48,092 --> 00:08:52,988 The time I come to South Korea, in the night I don't sleep. 115 00:08:53,024 --> 00:08:53,785 Nightmare? 116 00:08:53,821 --> 00:08:54,371 Yeah. 117 00:08:56,747 --> 00:09:00,392 And because of the nightmares and the mental distress I couldn't even eat. 118 00:09:04,064 --> 00:09:06,834 I was diagnosed with severe PTSD. 119 00:09:11,093 --> 00:09:15,617 And from that point is when I started having questions in my head about life. 120 00:09:15,702 --> 00:09:18,175 How long were you in South Korea? 121 00:09:20,209 --> 00:09:22,932 - About ten years. - Ten years. 122 00:09:22,986 --> 00:09:25,568 It's a long time to get acclimated. 123 00:09:25,604 --> 00:09:27,737 Which brings up you. 124 00:09:30,317 --> 00:09:36,452 From when I first saw her I liked her right away and I thought she was pretty. 125 00:09:36,524 --> 00:09:41,209 And within a few days I asked if she had a boyfriend and, he's very brave. 126 00:09:41,274 --> 00:09:44,026 - Very brave. - Very brave, I must say. 127 00:09:44,116 --> 00:09:50,781 Marrying Leann and choosing to start a family was for Shin a decisive break from the 128 00:09:50,862 --> 00:09:53,565 chains that had bound him for so long. 129 00:09:59,227 --> 00:10:03,960 It was so hard for me to comprehend and look at the world around me where parents 130 00:10:04,004 --> 00:10:06,940 love their children and feed their children and clothe their children 131 00:10:07,025 --> 00:10:08,260 and care for them. 132 00:10:10,785 --> 00:10:15,025 But now that we are expecting our son, I see how my wife is preparing for it 133 00:10:15,061 --> 00:10:18,251 and I see that there's a child growing inside of her 134 00:10:18,287 --> 00:10:20,457 and I just see the world differently. 135 00:10:22,617 --> 00:10:23,968 - Well Shin. - Bye. 136 00:10:24,030 --> 00:10:25,840 - Thank you so very much. - Thank you very much, thank you. 137 00:10:25,876 --> 00:10:27,687 Really appreciate your coming and doing this. 138 00:10:27,767 --> 00:10:29,481 I hope to see you again maybe. 139 00:10:29,550 --> 00:10:31,182 Alright that's a good idea. 140 00:10:31,277 --> 00:10:34,022 And my darling, thank you. 141 00:10:34,058 --> 00:10:34,914 Thank you, so nice meeting you. 142 00:10:34,959 --> 00:10:35,858 Take care of that young'in. 143 00:10:35,917 --> 00:10:40,014 - Thank you. - OK, bye-bye. - Bye. 144 00:10:44,383 --> 00:10:49,850 Shin didn't suddenly feel free, he had to learn what freedom is. 145 00:10:49,938 --> 00:10:52,805 Experiencing the joy and challenges of life 146 00:10:52,841 --> 00:10:55,611 and all the complex choices you have to make. 147 00:10:55,973 --> 00:10:58,358 He has made those choices. 148 00:10:58,454 --> 00:11:00,039 He's got married. 149 00:11:00,100 --> 00:11:02,067 He has a kid on the way. 150 00:11:02,250 --> 00:11:06,521 And that, that's what gives freedom meaning. 151 00:11:08,165 --> 00:11:10,835 Freedom is a state of mind. 152 00:11:11,397 --> 00:11:14,464 And this man is living proof of that. 153 00:11:15,381 --> 00:11:21,462 He found a way to be free, even though his body was utterly trapped. 154 00:11:23,310 --> 00:11:25,247 For 43 years. 155 00:11:28,577 --> 00:11:33,691 I'm headed to Louisiana, to meet Albert Woodfox. 156 00:11:34,156 --> 00:11:38,682 He was imprisoned here in Angola State Penitentiary for most of his life. 157 00:11:39,282 --> 00:11:42,915 Originally convicted of armed robbery at age 18, 158 00:11:42,961 --> 00:11:48,565 he ended up on solitary confinement for longer than anyone else in American history. 159 00:11:49,076 --> 00:11:49,906 A-ha. 160 00:11:49,960 --> 00:11:52,854 - A-ha. - Mr. Woodfox. 161 00:11:52,890 --> 00:11:55,887 - Mr. Freeman, welcome to my home. - Nice to meet you. 162 00:11:57,297 --> 00:12:01,472 I would expect anyone who spends four decades in solitary to emerge 163 00:12:01,570 --> 00:12:04,978 with a broken soul and deadened mind. 164 00:12:05,467 --> 00:12:08,563 But Albert appears healthy and well adjusted. 165 00:12:09,034 --> 00:12:11,538 I've come to find out how. 166 00:12:11,963 --> 00:12:14,336 So, what got you in prison? 167 00:12:14,685 --> 00:12:16,985 I was a predator in my own community. 168 00:12:17,107 --> 00:12:19,262 You know a petty criminal, a person of the street. 169 00:12:19,298 --> 00:12:22,068 I was undisciplined, unmotivated stuff. 170 00:12:22,115 --> 00:12:26,500 But my crime going to prison was an armed robbery charge. 171 00:12:26,585 --> 00:12:29,251 And did you go straight to Angola when you were convicted? 172 00:12:29,326 --> 00:12:33,245 No I actually escaped the very day I was sentenced to 50 years. 173 00:12:34,499 --> 00:12:39,108 Ok, alright, you escaped, you were out for a little while? 174 00:12:39,180 --> 00:12:41,323 - Well I went to New York. - You went to New York? 175 00:12:41,403 --> 00:12:46,022 It was a defining moment in my life because while in Harlem 176 00:12:46,127 --> 00:12:50,399 I had an up close encounter with the Black Panther Party. 177 00:12:54,059 --> 00:12:56,623 ♪ Revolution has come ♪ 178 00:12:57,631 --> 00:13:01,399 I had always noticed a certain fear in African-Americans, 179 00:13:01,435 --> 00:13:06,473 even those who defied the odds and achieved certain goals in life. 180 00:13:07,473 --> 00:13:12,257 For the first time in my life where I seen black people 181 00:13:12,336 --> 00:13:15,068 and I didn't see that fear, I didn't feel that fear. 182 00:13:15,888 --> 00:13:20,847 Talking about revolution and organizing the black community to protect the people. 183 00:13:21,295 --> 00:13:22,324 Some of the sisters. 184 00:13:22,409 --> 00:13:26,757 And although they possessed outward beauty, it was the inner beauty that I was 185 00:13:26,793 --> 00:13:31,666 seeing, it was the strength and determination and the sense of purpose. 186 00:13:32,615 --> 00:13:37,235 I was profoundly shocked when I realized that hey, 187 00:13:37,284 --> 00:13:41,070 I am worth something, I do matter. 188 00:13:41,119 --> 00:13:43,953 I actually joined the Black Panther Party. 189 00:13:44,978 --> 00:13:45,754 OK. 190 00:13:45,808 --> 00:13:50,990 But I got arrested again and I was eventually extradited back to Louisiana 191 00:13:51,035 --> 00:13:55,877 and after that they shipped me to Angola in 71. 192 00:13:57,710 --> 00:14:00,867 But it was an incident a year after his arrival at Angola 193 00:14:00,963 --> 00:14:03,906 that would change the course of Albert's life. 194 00:14:04,004 --> 00:14:06,707 A prison guard was found murdered. 195 00:14:06,743 --> 00:14:12,951 April 17th 1972 they found a correction officer named Brent Miller 196 00:14:13,016 --> 00:14:15,452 murdered in one of the units. 197 00:14:15,614 --> 00:14:21,090 Each unit has four dormitories and I was in the very last unit. 198 00:14:21,155 --> 00:14:25,334 Even though Albert's unit was nowhere near the scene of the crime, 199 00:14:25,422 --> 00:14:28,091 prison authorities accused him of the murder. 200 00:14:28,334 --> 00:14:29,748 Did they ever find out who did it? 201 00:14:29,829 --> 00:14:34,718 Well they could of, they had a bloody, identifiable bloody fingerprint on the door. 202 00:14:34,800 --> 00:14:38,697 They had the fingerprint of every prisoner in the Angola at that time. 203 00:14:38,900 --> 00:14:41,805 They could have found out who that fingerprint was from. 204 00:14:42,500 --> 00:14:45,933 Albert believes he and two other inmates were framed because 205 00:14:46,009 --> 00:14:48,586 of their affiliation with the Black Panthers. 206 00:14:49,289 --> 00:14:51,219 They labeled me a militant. 207 00:14:51,296 --> 00:14:55,182 During that time a militant meant you was a Panther. 208 00:14:55,265 --> 00:14:58,194 I was placed in solitary confinement. 209 00:14:59,033 --> 00:15:04,454 April 18th 1972 and I didn't get out of solitary confinement 210 00:15:04,520 --> 00:15:08,191 until February 19th 2016. 211 00:15:09,454 --> 00:15:15,195 Albert and the other two inmates each spent decades in solitary confinement. 212 00:15:15,347 --> 00:15:18,137 They became known as the Angola 3. 213 00:15:18,901 --> 00:15:24,055 Human rights groups around the world declared their punishment cruel and inhumane. 214 00:15:24,124 --> 00:15:27,870 Why this room is a little bigger than the cell but it give you some idea 215 00:15:28,008 --> 00:15:33,360 of the size of the cell we lived in in solitary confinement. 216 00:15:33,455 --> 00:15:38,399 The cell is approximately you know, nine feet long and six feet wide. 217 00:15:38,439 --> 00:15:41,300 - This is the length of it? - Yes. - Good Lord. 218 00:15:41,386 --> 00:15:46,578 So you have a very narrow path that you can walk up and down and sit. 219 00:15:49,568 --> 00:15:51,214 How much time you spend in this place? 220 00:15:51,253 --> 00:15:56,935 - A 23 hours out of the day. - 23 hours every day. - Every day. 221 00:15:57,006 --> 00:16:01,386 - Seven days a week. - Seven days a week, 365 days of the year. 222 00:16:07,708 --> 00:16:11,694 It was a living nightmare, filled with one horror after another. 223 00:16:12,956 --> 00:16:15,625 That's the only way I can describe prison. 224 00:16:16,187 --> 00:16:20,672 The strip search, now that it one of the most humiliating experiences 225 00:16:20,708 --> 00:16:22,030 you can go through. 226 00:16:22,087 --> 00:16:25,909 And you have to stand before these people and strip completely naked. 227 00:16:25,993 --> 00:16:30,564 And you have to you know, raise your genitals and you open your mouth 228 00:16:30,600 --> 00:16:35,718 and you know this is what they used to do to our ancestors on the slave block. 229 00:16:36,369 --> 00:16:38,979 And so we started resisting you know, we wouldn't do it. 230 00:16:39,015 --> 00:16:43,089 You know they would tell you strip and you refuse and they'd beat you 231 00:16:43,176 --> 00:16:45,305 and tear your clothes off you and stuff. 232 00:16:45,341 --> 00:16:47,114 Slam you down on the desk. 233 00:16:47,178 --> 00:16:49,484 I don't know how many times I got beat. 234 00:16:49,958 --> 00:16:53,666 Albert's physical world was incredibly small and oppressive 235 00:16:53,888 --> 00:16:57,459 but he refused to let his cage confine him. 236 00:16:58,920 --> 00:17:03,259 That would seem to close the mind Albert. 237 00:17:03,479 --> 00:17:05,372 Didn't close yours. 238 00:17:05,481 --> 00:17:08,535 I never thought about being in the cell. 239 00:17:08,635 --> 00:17:13,365 My mind and emotions and all that were beyond the confines of that cell. 240 00:17:14,206 --> 00:17:19,327 I said that if me dying in solitary confinement become a better human being and 241 00:17:19,409 --> 00:17:22,983 to make those around me better, it would be worth it. 242 00:17:23,679 --> 00:17:26,913 I started to try to raise the level of consciousness of other prisoners 243 00:17:26,949 --> 00:17:28,749 in the dormitory I lived in. 244 00:17:28,785 --> 00:17:35,468 Educate, agitate, organize against prison corruption, prison brutality. 245 00:17:35,542 --> 00:17:39,864 Albert had freed his mind even though his body remained confined. 246 00:17:40,368 --> 00:17:46,232 We are deeply disappointed that Mr. Woodfox will not be released today. 247 00:17:46,631 --> 00:17:49,665 Twice Albert has his conviction overturned. 248 00:17:49,749 --> 00:17:53,048 Twice more the state imposed new charges. 249 00:17:53,813 --> 00:17:58,068 Finally government officials offered to release Albert if he pleaded 250 00:17:58,135 --> 00:18:00,905 "no contest" to lesser charges. 251 00:18:01,975 --> 00:18:07,946 On his 69th birthday, after 43 years and ten months in solitary, 252 00:18:08,033 --> 00:18:12,693 Albert Woodfox became the last of the Angola 3 to be released. 253 00:18:13,305 --> 00:18:17,327 Albert's body finally followed his mind to freedom. 254 00:18:20,141 --> 00:18:24,753 He's finally reunited with his family and he gets to enjoy 255 00:18:24,819 --> 00:18:26,856 being a great grandfather. 256 00:18:26,905 --> 00:18:29,709 He's also an advocate for prisoners rights. 257 00:18:31,363 --> 00:18:36,544 You were amazed at people who were black but not afraid and 258 00:18:36,618 --> 00:18:43,240 I think part of your freedom, while incarcerated, is freedom from fear. 259 00:18:43,281 --> 00:18:45,951 Because if you had been afraid you wouldn't have done any of that. 260 00:18:46,379 --> 00:18:48,889 No I don't think I could. 261 00:18:49,002 --> 00:18:55,894 Every time you know, I had to take a stand and knowing that there would 262 00:18:55,930 --> 00:19:00,831 be some retribution, you know but still overcoming fear, 263 00:19:00,887 --> 00:19:03,490 finding the strength to say, 264 00:19:04,309 --> 00:19:06,327 I'm still, I still got to do this. 265 00:19:06,370 --> 00:19:07,969 I have to do this. 266 00:19:08,044 --> 00:19:12,580 That spells C-O-U-R-A-G-E. 267 00:19:13,424 --> 00:19:14,627 Thank you. 268 00:19:18,577 --> 00:19:23,262 Albert Woodfox had four decades in solitary confinement 269 00:19:23,312 --> 00:19:25,116 to think about freedom. 270 00:19:25,194 --> 00:19:30,015 In prison he learned to cast off the chains that bound him physically 271 00:19:30,112 --> 00:19:32,086 and found that inner freedom. 272 00:19:32,144 --> 00:19:38,772 Nelson Mandela said, "To be free is not merely to cast off ones chains, 273 00:19:39,385 --> 00:19:44,640 but to live in a way that respects and enhances the freedom of others." 274 00:19:46,232 --> 00:19:48,779 Something we must all strive for. 275 00:19:55,109 --> 00:19:59,792 Life without the concept of freedom seems alien to most of us today. 276 00:20:00,815 --> 00:20:06,397 For most of recorded history, freedom was the domain of only a select few. 277 00:20:06,640 --> 00:20:10,271 Royalty, nobility and the wealthy. 278 00:20:11,023 --> 00:20:17,661 But in 1776, 13 British colonies in North America dared to declare freedom 279 00:20:17,728 --> 00:20:19,573 as a basic human right. 280 00:20:24,709 --> 00:20:28,774 I'm headed to the American Philosophical Society in Philadelphia 281 00:20:28,864 --> 00:20:32,325 to meet with its librarian Patrick Spero. 282 00:20:32,744 --> 00:20:37,116 He studies documents dating back to the time of the country's founding. 283 00:20:41,528 --> 00:20:45,317 What you're looking at here is one of the first printings of 284 00:20:45,353 --> 00:20:47,012 the Declaration of Independence. 285 00:20:47,048 --> 00:20:49,085 The first section is the preamble. 286 00:20:49,121 --> 00:20:52,796 And this is where they talk about life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. 287 00:20:52,950 --> 00:20:56,744 And the idea is that individuals should be free to do these things 288 00:20:56,828 --> 00:20:59,326 and government is constituted to protect those freedoms. 289 00:20:59,380 --> 00:21:00,631 These freedoms. 290 00:21:00,692 --> 00:21:03,819 And what the king has done is broken that contract, 291 00:21:03,889 --> 00:21:06,890 broken that trust and so they have to be freed from 292 00:21:06,926 --> 00:21:10,779 the king in order to be free to do what they want. 293 00:21:10,854 --> 00:21:15,616 Now can you say taht this was the first time a group of people decided that they 294 00:21:15,652 --> 00:21:19,091 wanted to be free to do whatever the heck they wanted to do? 295 00:21:19,841 --> 00:21:24,953 Well I think it's the first time that it was ever written in a official way. 296 00:21:26,882 --> 00:21:32,190 But this is not the only version of the Declaration of Independence that survives. 297 00:21:32,870 --> 00:21:35,182 The other document that I wanna show you is this, 298 00:21:35,222 --> 00:21:38,490 Thomas Jefferson's draft of the Declaration of Independence 299 00:21:38,561 --> 00:21:40,528 and you can see on the side there's these notes. 300 00:21:40,583 --> 00:21:41,087 Yep. 301 00:21:41,154 --> 00:21:43,502 Once Congress got their hands on this they started changing words, 302 00:21:43,566 --> 00:21:44,699 changing meanings. 303 00:21:44,776 --> 00:21:48,914 I think the most notable one is in that famous phrase, that people were endowed with 304 00:21:48,961 --> 00:21:52,962 certain unalienable rights, Jefferson originally wrote 305 00:21:53,025 --> 00:21:55,996 "inherent and inalienable rights". 306 00:21:56,072 --> 00:21:59,201 Inherent rights, which Jefferson used several times, 307 00:21:59,310 --> 00:22:00,648 means that all people are born with the... 308 00:22:00,684 --> 00:22:03,053 Born with these rights. 309 00:22:04,262 --> 00:22:11,367 OK, so if they rights are not inherent, then you're not necessarily born with them, 310 00:22:11,458 --> 00:22:13,598 only a few people are born with them. 311 00:22:13,667 --> 00:22:16,896 And they're applied only to white society. 312 00:22:16,956 --> 00:22:19,155 - White male society? - Yes, yes. 313 00:22:24,499 --> 00:22:27,953 It never occurred to me that the rights to freedom spelled out 314 00:22:28,015 --> 00:22:30,645 in the Declaration of Independence were deliberately 315 00:22:30,681 --> 00:22:34,718 phrased to exclude slaves and women. 316 00:22:35,507 --> 00:22:38,779 Thomas Jefferson's original draft, preserved here in the 317 00:22:38,849 --> 00:22:43,938 American Philosophical Society, describes the rights as inherent, 318 00:22:44,005 --> 00:22:47,449 meaning they should apply to everybody from birth. 319 00:22:47,513 --> 00:22:54,365 But the final signed version only describes certain unalienable rights. 320 00:22:55,139 --> 00:23:02,097 In other words, only rights land owning white men already had, couldn't be taken away. 321 00:23:02,396 --> 00:23:08,835 The Declaration of Independence, it says that all men are created equal, 322 00:23:08,871 --> 00:23:10,146 that's not what it meant? 323 00:23:10,208 --> 00:23:15,300 They aren't writing for the enslaved, they aren't writing for women. 324 00:23:15,403 --> 00:23:19,810 The thing is about this document, is that slavery existed in this period, 325 00:23:19,873 --> 00:23:23,353 but the word is never used and they are purposeful about not using it because 326 00:23:23,429 --> 00:23:28,136 they know that it does not comport with the idea of liberty, 327 00:23:28,175 --> 00:23:30,572 that there's that contradiction, that paradox. 328 00:23:30,634 --> 00:23:34,841 Is it safe to say that Jefferson was probably one of our 329 00:23:34,911 --> 00:23:39,548 most enigmatic presidents? 330 00:23:39,602 --> 00:23:40,461 Yes. 331 00:23:40,507 --> 00:23:44,616 Well you know, the thing is Jefferson was imperfect you know. 332 00:23:44,678 --> 00:23:50,516 Jefferson had slaves, Jefferson's imperfections got at the American paradox. 333 00:23:51,086 --> 00:23:55,200 Ok, so the Declaration of Independence 334 00:23:55,263 --> 00:24:00,068 is not a document guaranteeing freedom? 335 00:24:00,428 --> 00:24:03,566 Yes, I think that's fair. 336 00:24:03,640 --> 00:24:08,622 But once you put that writing in stone, it empowered people, it inspired people. 337 00:24:08,708 --> 00:24:12,008 It drove them to realize what those words meant. 338 00:24:12,083 --> 00:24:13,001 Could mean. 339 00:24:13,068 --> 00:24:16,760 Well it took a lot of fighting and effort, heroic actions, bravery, 340 00:24:16,970 --> 00:24:20,987 people willing to risk their lives to realize the promise of the Declaration. 341 00:24:24,689 --> 00:24:29,934 The Declaration of Independence was not designed to free everyone in America. 342 00:24:30,025 --> 00:24:35,366 Its original purpose was to free powerful American landowners from any 343 00:24:35,402 --> 00:24:37,749 obligations to the King of England. 344 00:24:38,618 --> 00:24:43,555 But, once those white men had signed that document, 345 00:24:44,144 --> 00:24:50,102 they unwittingly opened the road to freedom for the rest of us to walk along. 346 00:24:55,902 --> 00:24:58,830 Freedom doesn't come without a fight. 347 00:25:01,285 --> 00:25:05,336 What American revolutionaries fought for over two centuries ago, 348 00:25:05,414 --> 00:25:09,267 other revolutionaries continue to battle for today. 349 00:25:12,213 --> 00:25:16,697 I've come to Guatemala to meet freedom fighter and Nobel Peace Prize 350 00:25:16,741 --> 00:25:19,311 winner Rigoberta Menchu. 351 00:25:19,813 --> 00:25:24,618 A Guatemalan Indian rights activist who fled her country in 1981 352 00:25:24,654 --> 00:25:27,302 after security forces killed her family. 353 00:25:33,657 --> 00:25:37,038 She has dedicated her life to securing a better future 354 00:25:37,084 --> 00:25:39,830 for the indigenous peoples of her country. 355 00:25:51,933 --> 00:25:53,315 Hello, hello, hello. 356 00:25:53,908 --> 00:25:55,779 Senor Freeman. 357 00:26:04,862 --> 00:26:09,545 Rigoberta belongs to the K'iche one of over 20 indigenous groups of 358 00:26:09,581 --> 00:26:14,242 Mayan descent which make up about half of Guatemala's population. 359 00:26:16,875 --> 00:26:20,590 For centuries the Mayan were denied voting rights and land ownership 360 00:26:20,680 --> 00:26:23,402 and were forced to labor on plantations. 361 00:26:26,739 --> 00:26:31,105 Some of the worst oppression came during the 36 year Guatemalan Civil War. 362 00:26:32,455 --> 00:26:37,868 When tens of thousands of Maya were kidnapped, tortured and murdered. 363 00:26:39,904 --> 00:26:44,320 Rigoberta gave voice to the plight of her people with an oral testimony that would 364 00:26:44,383 --> 00:26:48,868 become her book I, Rigoberta Menchu. 365 00:26:48,932 --> 00:26:50,651 Your book seemed to make quite an impact, 366 00:26:50,687 --> 00:26:52,229 why do you think that is? 367 00:26:56,163 --> 00:26:58,999 I was the first Guatemalan that was able to talk about 368 00:26:59,059 --> 00:27:01,362 what was happening here in Guatemala. 369 00:27:03,254 --> 00:27:06,131 I think Guatemala was a laboratory for cruelty. 370 00:27:07,369 --> 00:27:11,033 Here they practiced torture, they practiced forced disappearance and they 371 00:27:11,069 --> 00:27:13,523 practiced brutal hatred against the Mayans. 372 00:27:16,031 --> 00:27:21,629 Rigoberta's father began organizing rural workers and fighting for indigenous rights 373 00:27:21,714 --> 00:27:26,667 but he drew the attention of the regime which was vent on rooting out guerrillas. 374 00:27:29,199 --> 00:27:32,170 The war reached my home in 1979. 375 00:27:34,601 --> 00:27:36,523 My brother was kidnapped. 376 00:27:37,135 --> 00:27:38,629 He was 16 years old. 377 00:27:42,332 --> 00:27:46,672 And then he was tortured and then he was shot to death. 378 00:27:51,206 --> 00:27:56,433 On January 31st 1980, Rigoberta's father joined a group of activists occupying 379 00:27:56,513 --> 00:27:59,036 the Spanish embassy in Guatemala City. 380 00:28:03,471 --> 00:28:08,628 They were protesting massacres and kidnappings taking place in the countryside. 381 00:28:10,449 --> 00:28:14,927 The authorities ordered a raid but then the embassy caught fire 382 00:28:14,993 --> 00:28:17,477 and police blocked the exits. 383 00:28:18,640 --> 00:28:20,816 He was in the embassy, on fire? 384 00:28:22,820 --> 00:28:23,735 Si. 385 00:28:34,585 --> 00:28:38,353 Three months after the death of my father my mother was kidnapped. 386 00:28:41,264 --> 00:28:43,801 And she suffered the worst of the torture. 387 00:28:47,020 --> 00:28:50,826 And then another one of my brothers had been shot to death. 388 00:28:50,918 --> 00:28:57,058 Your father, your mother, two brothers, killed. 389 00:28:57,694 --> 00:28:58,819 Si. 390 00:28:58,887 --> 00:29:00,293 They never caught up with you? 391 00:29:02,373 --> 00:29:05,543 The Sisters of the Sacred Family brought me to Guatemala City. 392 00:29:08,367 --> 00:29:11,909 They were able to get me out, hide me with religious orders in Mexico. 393 00:29:11,961 --> 00:29:17,143 - How long were you there? - For 14 years. - 14 years in Mexico? 394 00:29:21,201 --> 00:29:24,742 So I made a promise to fight against impunity for the rest of my life. 395 00:29:27,186 --> 00:29:30,023 And I became a spokesperson for Guatemala. 396 00:29:31,317 --> 00:29:36,157 Rigoberta traveled around the world spreading the story of the Maya's quest for freedom. 397 00:29:36,548 --> 00:29:39,050 She addressed the United Nations. 398 00:29:39,614 --> 00:29:43,840 In 1992 she won the Nobel Peace Price. 399 00:29:45,550 --> 00:29:49,557 Her tireless work brought international pressure on Guatemala's government and 400 00:29:49,646 --> 00:29:51,649 helped lead the way to peace. 401 00:29:53,104 --> 00:29:58,406 In Guatemala, just as in the civil rights movement in the US, 402 00:29:58,489 --> 00:30:03,826 some people chose to fight for freedom with the sword, while others chose the pen. 403 00:30:04,705 --> 00:30:08,506 It is those who chose the path of peace I believe, 404 00:30:08,604 --> 00:30:11,043 who lay the foundation for real change. 405 00:30:14,815 --> 00:30:18,335 If freedom is ever going to become a universal human right, 406 00:30:18,391 --> 00:30:22,563 it needs people willing to champion it no matter what the danger. 407 00:30:23,268 --> 00:30:28,711 I'm headed to New York to meet a woman who is fearless in her march for freedom. 408 00:30:31,744 --> 00:30:37,688 Nadya Tolokonnikova is a founding member of Pussy Riot, 409 00:30:37,741 --> 00:30:40,310 a Russian protest rock band. 410 00:30:42,482 --> 00:30:48,065 In 2012 Pussy Riot staged a flash concert inside a Moscow cathedral. 411 00:30:49,733 --> 00:30:53,568 Their aim was to draw attention to what they saw as suppression 412 00:30:53,604 --> 00:30:57,902 of democratic freedoms by Russian President Vladimir Putin 413 00:30:58,024 --> 00:31:00,927 with the collusion of the Russian church. 414 00:31:03,197 --> 00:31:07,078 Nadya's musical protest cost her 22 months in prison. 415 00:31:07,949 --> 00:31:11,509 She's free now, living in New York. 416 00:31:12,643 --> 00:31:16,199 And she refuses to be cowed into silence. 417 00:31:19,196 --> 00:31:24,019 Now the name Pussy Riot, very outgoing and daring and ear catching, 418 00:31:24,069 --> 00:31:25,769 get peoples attention. 419 00:31:25,852 --> 00:31:27,310 How many of you started this? 420 00:31:27,346 --> 00:31:29,180 Me and my friend Kat. 421 00:31:29,258 --> 00:31:33,372 But we have open membership 'cause the idea was to start a movement 422 00:31:33,451 --> 00:31:34,930 and so everybody could join. 423 00:31:35,006 --> 00:31:37,839 Your group, the reason you got arrested, 424 00:31:37,906 --> 00:31:42,613 was you did this raunchy performance in a church. 425 00:31:42,679 --> 00:31:43,498 Mm-hm. 426 00:31:43,549 --> 00:31:47,279 Why did you do that, was it because you knew you would get arrested and 427 00:31:47,362 --> 00:31:49,163 draw a lot of attention or? 428 00:31:49,229 --> 00:31:54,465 I was just really angry because I woke up one morning and they told us, 429 00:31:54,539 --> 00:31:57,978 everybody in my country that Vladimir Putin was next president. 430 00:31:58,067 --> 00:32:01,397 So five months before the elections they just announced it. 431 00:32:01,451 --> 00:32:03,100 And I was confused. 432 00:32:03,169 --> 00:32:05,332 I didn't really like it. 433 00:32:12,194 --> 00:32:14,113 You went to jail. 434 00:32:16,360 --> 00:32:17,757 What was that like? 435 00:32:17,857 --> 00:32:22,971 It made me more stubborn, I was stubborn before but they made me more, focused. 436 00:32:24,047 --> 00:32:28,225 If you're able to find inspiration in everything, then you could find 437 00:32:28,286 --> 00:32:30,086 inspiration in jail too. 438 00:32:30,781 --> 00:32:34,235 But it doesn't change the fact that we don't have any medication, 439 00:32:34,348 --> 00:32:36,351 the conditions are terrible. 440 00:32:36,803 --> 00:32:40,747 I was approached by a lot of women in my camp and they told me, like look, 441 00:32:40,783 --> 00:32:43,577 you're the, the one person who could a actually help us. 442 00:32:44,197 --> 00:32:48,892 You have media and you have lawyers and you have a voice so just tell 443 00:32:48,950 --> 00:32:50,586 what's going on in this prison. 444 00:32:51,859 --> 00:32:54,914 Nadya now had another oppressor of freedom to target. 445 00:32:55,630 --> 00:32:57,611 Russian prison authorities. 446 00:32:58,691 --> 00:33:03,330 She staged multiple hunger strikes and drafted letters of protest. 447 00:33:03,714 --> 00:33:07,682 So I was writing these papers to all these different prison officials about 448 00:33:07,718 --> 00:33:08,878 what I want from them. 449 00:33:08,914 --> 00:33:12,689 I want them improve the food, I wanted them to improve our conditions. 450 00:33:12,725 --> 00:33:15,889 Well I mean make enough noise, it would seem to me that they would 451 00:33:15,970 --> 00:33:19,198 want to shut you completely up. 452 00:33:19,286 --> 00:33:25,387 Stick a needle in your neck and you die, you were never worried about that? 453 00:33:26,101 --> 00:33:28,845 It could happen yeah, it could happen. 454 00:33:33,810 --> 00:33:36,850 Even while she was locked in a Russian prison, 455 00:33:36,916 --> 00:33:40,431 Nadya Tolokonnikova remained a freedom fighter, 456 00:33:40,788 --> 00:33:43,637 battling for basic human rights for inmates. 457 00:33:44,722 --> 00:33:48,269 So I wrote an open letter and then somehow sneaked through this open 458 00:33:48,305 --> 00:33:53,187 letter and they passed it to the free world, and it's all over the world, 459 00:33:53,276 --> 00:33:55,316 it's in the biggest Russian media and it's in the Guardian 460 00:33:55,380 --> 00:33:57,550 and the Times and it's everywhere. 461 00:33:57,666 --> 00:34:01,598 I did achieve something 'cause several guys who were in, 462 00:34:01,703 --> 00:34:04,808 my prison officials they were fired from their jobs. 463 00:34:05,529 --> 00:34:08,410 What do you hope to do ultimately? 464 00:34:08,548 --> 00:34:11,710 I think I'm just trying to build this community all around the world. 465 00:34:12,235 --> 00:34:16,341 You could, you can create some wave of inspiration of or energy... 466 00:34:16,407 --> 00:34:17,698 Oh yeah, yeah, yeah of course. 467 00:34:17,756 --> 00:34:18,637 Inspire some other people. 468 00:34:18,711 --> 00:34:22,469 If you can inspire five people around you that's enough 'cause if that five people 469 00:34:22,535 --> 00:34:25,343 inspire somebody else and then, then it just will grow. 470 00:34:26,667 --> 00:34:30,997 I think fame is a process, it is not an idea it is just this process of exploring 471 00:34:31,061 --> 00:34:34,400 you know yourself and a your existence in the world. 472 00:34:37,664 --> 00:34:41,200 ♪ Would you have freedom from wage slavery? ♪ 473 00:34:41,292 --> 00:34:44,943 ♪ Then join in the grand Industrial band. ♪ 474 00:34:45,288 --> 00:34:48,788 ♪ Would you from misery and hunger be free ♪ 475 00:34:48,824 --> 00:34:51,896 ♪ Then come, do your share, like a man. ♪♪ 476 00:34:51,967 --> 00:34:56,071 Nadya fights for freedom wherever she sees people without it. 477 00:34:56,707 --> 00:35:02,593 In Russia she fought for democratic rights, in prison she fought for human rights. 478 00:35:02,650 --> 00:35:04,449 ♪ There is power, there is power, ♪ 479 00:35:04,485 --> 00:35:06,202 ♪ In a band of working man. ♪ 480 00:35:06,238 --> 00:35:09,890 ♪ When they stand, hand in hand. ♪ 481 00:35:09,959 --> 00:35:11,351 ♪ That's a power, that's a power... ♪♪ 482 00:35:11,387 --> 00:35:16,111 In America she's singing an early 20th century workers rights tune 483 00:35:16,217 --> 00:35:21,420 reflecting one of her new fights, the freedom to join labor unions. 484 00:35:21,456 --> 00:35:24,999 ♪ One industrial union grand. ♪ 485 00:35:27,277 --> 00:35:34,033 Freedom may be an eternal principle, but in reality freedom will wither and die 486 00:35:34,069 --> 00:35:41,073 unless people like Nadya fight for it, rejuvenate it, nourish it. 487 00:35:41,348 --> 00:35:43,184 ♪ Hand in hand. ♪ 488 00:35:43,236 --> 00:35:44,870 ♪ That's a power that's a power. ♪ 489 00:35:44,906 --> 00:35:46,864 ♪ That must true in every land. ♪ 490 00:35:46,924 --> 00:35:50,795 ♪ One industrial union grand. ♪♪ 491 00:35:53,734 --> 00:35:57,220 Most freedom fighters struggle against outside oppressors. 492 00:35:57,586 --> 00:36:01,768 Kings, governments, or prison guards. 493 00:36:05,156 --> 00:36:07,295 But there's another form of freedom. 494 00:36:08,584 --> 00:36:15,630 The freedom to be and to be seen as who we really are. 495 00:36:17,445 --> 00:36:19,411 I'm meeting Victoria Khan, 496 00:36:19,604 --> 00:36:23,730 a woman who has fought for freedom in every aspect of her life. 497 00:36:24,753 --> 00:36:28,961 She grew up in Afghanistan during the tumult of the early 90s. 498 00:36:29,170 --> 00:36:33,159 The Taliban were gaining a foothold but were being fought by 499 00:36:33,195 --> 00:36:37,203 homegrown rebel groups led by Ahmad Shah Massoud. 500 00:36:45,585 --> 00:36:47,652 You have quite a story to tell me. 501 00:36:47,774 --> 00:36:50,441 Start way back and tell me. 502 00:36:50,477 --> 00:36:55,050 I was born in Afghanistan and my parents were working 503 00:36:55,124 --> 00:36:57,159 for Ahmad Shah Massoud. 504 00:36:57,234 --> 00:37:02,046 My mum and dad adored me of course and I have a little sister. 505 00:37:02,126 --> 00:37:05,834 The civil war breaks out somewhere when you were around six or seven yeas old. 506 00:37:06,533 --> 00:37:09,443 So one night there's something you can feel there's loud 507 00:37:09,541 --> 00:37:11,910 and screaming and gun shots. 508 00:37:15,358 --> 00:37:18,163 And everyone's home had hidden areas. 509 00:37:19,620 --> 00:37:22,738 And my mum and dad they put us, both of us in there. 510 00:37:23,465 --> 00:37:28,170 I remember my mum saying, don't you come out until everything is quiet. 511 00:37:29,459 --> 00:37:33,227 Then they kiss us, they said take care of your sister and that was it. 512 00:37:40,243 --> 00:37:43,162 Can you tell me what happened when you came up? 513 00:37:50,336 --> 00:37:56,198 The street was full of dead bodies, blood. 514 00:37:57,257 --> 00:37:59,909 It's impossible to recognize whose who. 515 00:38:06,015 --> 00:38:11,953 Not only they shot people, they chopped off heads, chopped off body parts. 516 00:38:12,419 --> 00:38:14,689 - Did you find your parents? - No. 517 00:38:17,089 --> 00:38:23,298 After your parents were killed, all the children were taken by Mullahs and these 518 00:38:23,367 --> 00:38:28,171 imams and Mullahs would pick out I'll take him, her, him, her. 519 00:38:28,224 --> 00:38:29,594 How did that go? 520 00:38:29,660 --> 00:38:34,632 I did that for I would say maybe four or five months until I saw these 521 00:38:34,738 --> 00:38:37,264 imam on top of my sister... 522 00:38:39,214 --> 00:38:43,589 molesting her and she was five and a half years old. 523 00:38:43,677 --> 00:38:48,057 So when he went to prayer room, ran into the house, grabbed my sister and I put 524 00:38:48,093 --> 00:38:51,933 her on me because she couldn't even walk, she was bleeding and... 525 00:38:55,521 --> 00:39:00,440 I carried her on my back maybe a few miles until we found a women 526 00:39:00,489 --> 00:39:02,558 who was sitting outside her home. 527 00:39:02,618 --> 00:39:06,985 She took us in and gave us some dry bread and water. 528 00:39:08,380 --> 00:39:11,619 But then she told us she's gonna take us to some very safe place. 529 00:39:12,421 --> 00:39:14,924 It was a Wahabi camp for children. 530 00:39:16,850 --> 00:39:21,754 Where they start telling you how to become a suicide bomber, 531 00:39:21,836 --> 00:39:25,263 but they're not gonna just up front coming up and say we're gonna train you 532 00:39:25,339 --> 00:39:27,052 to become a suicide bomber. 533 00:39:30,276 --> 00:39:34,048 You're wanting to be because they say you're gonna meet your mum and dad. 534 00:39:34,101 --> 00:39:37,159 And we really, really wanted to see our parents. 535 00:39:39,194 --> 00:39:42,595 Just as Victoria believed she was about to be shipped to Pakistan 536 00:39:42,631 --> 00:39:48,073 for more jihadi training, the rebel leader Ahmad Shah Massoud 537 00:39:49,213 --> 00:39:51,301 attacked the Wahabi camp. 538 00:39:52,904 --> 00:39:59,435 Ahmad Shah Massoud and maybe 40, 50 fighters comes in the horses with their weapons. 539 00:40:02,493 --> 00:40:04,797 Oh my god this person gonna save me. 540 00:40:05,583 --> 00:40:11,990 Ahmad Shah Massoud kills every single one of these people who are torturing these children, 541 00:40:12,246 --> 00:40:16,572 so he rescues every one of us, 5-600 children. 542 00:40:19,221 --> 00:40:21,408 That's Ahmad Shah Massoud. 543 00:40:21,498 --> 00:40:26,505 He was not just a leader of our country he was a spiritual leader. 544 00:40:26,637 --> 00:40:29,873 - Savior. - Savior, that's the word I was looking for. 545 00:40:30,961 --> 00:40:33,862 After Victoria and her sister were liberated, 546 00:40:34,442 --> 00:40:37,479 a woman offered them safe passage to Tajikistan. 547 00:40:38,473 --> 00:40:42,627 So you got this woman she's taking you now to Tajikistan. 548 00:40:42,663 --> 00:40:44,347 Yes, we're crossing a border. 549 00:40:44,453 --> 00:40:48,404 I'm crying, I said I don't want to be separated from my sister, 550 00:40:48,477 --> 00:40:52,401 I wanna wear a Burkah so nobody sees me as a boy. 551 00:40:52,483 --> 00:40:56,933 - Wait, wait, wait, you were not a girl. - I was in a boy body. 552 00:40:57,019 --> 00:40:58,183 You were born a boy. 553 00:40:58,254 --> 00:41:04,146 I looked skinny little version boy physically, and beautiful girl inside. 554 00:41:08,626 --> 00:41:11,626 Many people today fight for the freedom to live as their minds 555 00:41:11,662 --> 00:41:13,733 and spirits compel them to. 556 00:41:21,819 --> 00:41:25,920 But Victoria Khan's struggle to free her true self was coupled with 557 00:41:25,956 --> 00:41:28,547 a long battle to stay alive. 558 00:41:29,398 --> 00:41:34,584 As a transgender woman, she grew up in Afghanistan being seen as a boy. 559 00:41:35,650 --> 00:41:40,121 But while crossing the border in Tajikistan with her younger sister, 560 00:41:40,831 --> 00:41:44,037 Victoria wanted to make sure they were not separated. 561 00:41:45,041 --> 00:41:47,343 So she put on a Burkah. 562 00:41:48,413 --> 00:41:52,879 The Burkah was that lightening stroke, that says yes. 563 00:41:53,210 --> 00:41:59,668 When I put it on the first time that I felt what freedom really meant. 564 00:42:00,010 --> 00:42:05,666 It felt so right, first time I felt like, like the wings I had in my back, 565 00:42:05,725 --> 00:42:07,336 that I could fly. 566 00:42:07,372 --> 00:42:12,467 Now I get the taste of that, now I cannot forget it 567 00:42:12,503 --> 00:42:15,243 and I cannot give up never having it either. 568 00:42:15,939 --> 00:42:21,150 Victoria spent the next few years making her way from Tajikistan to Europe 569 00:42:21,234 --> 00:42:23,573 where her sister now lives. 570 00:42:24,331 --> 00:42:27,730 Eventually Victoria made it to the U.S. 571 00:42:28,254 --> 00:42:31,853 She had freed herself from the mortal dangers of her childhood, 572 00:42:32,358 --> 00:42:34,527 but she still wasn't free. 573 00:42:34,786 --> 00:42:38,025 Here you are in the United States where we're free. 574 00:42:38,250 --> 00:42:40,859 You can do pretty much whatever you want. 575 00:42:41,371 --> 00:42:42,473 Do you feel free? 576 00:42:42,509 --> 00:42:45,126 I was yearning for that feminine feeling. 577 00:42:45,193 --> 00:42:50,063 Remember when I put the Burkah on it made me feel free but I thought putting 578 00:42:50,099 --> 00:42:55,802 this western skirt and the head bands on it will make also 579 00:42:55,838 --> 00:42:58,183 again feels the same powerful feelings, 580 00:42:58,219 --> 00:43:02,344 but I had a little bump on that road because closer to the mirror 581 00:43:02,380 --> 00:43:06,377 I got there was a fuzzy mustache start growing. 582 00:43:07,201 --> 00:43:13,654 That was, terrifying, terrifying to think that its actually would 583 00:43:13,747 --> 00:43:17,449 become like my fathers with full face beard. 584 00:43:17,521 --> 00:43:20,487 I was tired of acting as a man. 585 00:43:21,697 --> 00:43:24,465 It was exhausting 24/7. 586 00:43:24,572 --> 00:43:27,514 So first I decided to do my facial. 587 00:43:27,566 --> 00:43:33,609 It took me almost a year and a half to do electrolysis and lasers and all that is the 588 00:43:33,645 --> 00:43:36,134 most extremely painful thing. 589 00:43:37,150 --> 00:43:41,016 Then why don't I just do the entire surgery all back to back. 590 00:43:41,693 --> 00:43:45,043 I went to Colombia, had 18 surgeries back to back. 591 00:43:46,336 --> 00:43:53,418 We have a saying about freedom, it's not just walls and bars. 592 00:43:54,514 --> 00:43:57,543 Sometimes it's just the mind. 593 00:43:59,097 --> 00:44:00,411 You are right. 594 00:44:01,435 --> 00:44:06,188 Being free from anything and anyone is the best thing we can ever 595 00:44:06,224 --> 00:44:08,392 experience as a human being. 596 00:44:09,408 --> 00:44:15,218 I hope you do all the things you want to do, you've earned them. 597 00:44:15,937 --> 00:44:17,588 Thank you so much. 598 00:44:19,135 --> 00:44:20,427 Thank you. 599 00:44:23,388 --> 00:44:26,850 Victoria has followed a long road to freedom. 600 00:44:27,546 --> 00:44:31,024 She was born in a country at civil war. 601 00:44:31,753 --> 00:44:35,116 Survived becoming an orphan. 602 00:44:36,471 --> 00:44:39,571 Escaped becoming a suicide bomber. 603 00:44:41,385 --> 00:44:44,797 But the hardest ordeal was the last. 604 00:44:45,825 --> 00:44:51,542 Having the courage to free the person she truly is. 605 00:45:03,520 --> 00:45:10,384 Abraham Lincoln said, "Those who deny freedom to others, deserve it not for themselves." 606 00:45:11,194 --> 00:45:15,487 But the war for universal freedom is far from won and the battle lines are 607 00:45:15,523 --> 00:45:18,286 only moved forward slowly. 608 00:45:18,334 --> 00:45:21,746 Around the world millions of people still live in slavery. 609 00:45:22,753 --> 00:45:28,451 Women still struggle to be granted the same rights as men. 610 00:45:28,575 --> 00:45:34,125 Others just want to be allowed to be the person they know they are inside. 611 00:45:35,820 --> 00:45:40,592 It's been truly humbling to meet those people who fought so hard for their freedoms. 612 00:45:41,569 --> 00:45:47,382 Their stories are a shocking reminder of how vigilant we must be 613 00:45:47,492 --> 00:45:49,567 to protect human rights. 614 00:45:51,274 --> 00:45:55,877 But they also give me a glimmer of hope that one day, 615 00:45:56,808 --> 00:45:59,562 those rights will apply to all of us. 616 00:45:59,598 --> 00:46:02,046 Subtitles by explosiveskull 55514

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