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Narrator: Meroe, sudan.
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00:00:04,739 --> 00:00:09,408
Strange pyramids rise out
from the golden desert sands.
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00:00:09,410 --> 00:00:10,509
Creasman: Meroe is evocative.
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00:00:10,511 --> 00:00:12,811
It's awe-inspiring.
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Narrator: This forgotten
landscape is almost all
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That remains
of a lost civilization:
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00:00:19,253 --> 00:00:21,220
The kingdom of kush.
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00:00:21,222 --> 00:00:23,689
Naunton: The kingdom of kush is
one of the great success stories
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Of ancient africa.
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00:00:26,794 --> 00:00:30,662
Narrator: Who are the mysterious
people of kush?
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00:00:30,664 --> 00:00:32,765
Why did they build these
strange pyramids
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00:00:32,767 --> 00:00:38,070
In the desert 2,000 miles
from the heart of ancient egypt?
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00:00:40,074 --> 00:00:41,273
Naunton: Oh, wow.
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This is really amazing to see.
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00:00:44,145 --> 00:00:47,046
Narrator: Now, archaeologists
use ancient technology
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00:00:47,048 --> 00:00:50,049
To reconstruct the kushites'
greatest monuments...
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00:00:52,853 --> 00:00:55,954
...And explore the tombs
and temples of egypt
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To investigate their rise
to become pharaohs.
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00:00:59,093 --> 00:01:01,060
Creasman: They did something
that no one else had.
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The kushites take control
of egypt.
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Narrator:
To discover the secrets
of this lost civilization,
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We'll deconstruct their
mysterious desert pyramids,
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Explore hidden tombs,
unearth their buried treasure
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And reveal how the lost kings of
kush conquer and rule all egypt.
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-- Captions by vitac --
www.Vitac.Com
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Captions paid for by
discovery communications
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Meroe, sudan.
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The remains of a city
lie abandoned
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For almost 2,000 years.
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Naunton: Seeing the magical
pyramids of meroe
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Emerging out
of the desert nothingness
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Is an absolutely
astonishing sight.
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00:01:48,742 --> 00:01:51,076
Narrator: The mysterious
pyramids seem to echo
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The ancient landscapes of egypt,
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But these steep-sided structures
are built over 2,000 years
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After the great pyramids
at giza.
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They belong to the kings
of a people
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Who lived
thousands of miles from egypt:
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The kushites, an ancient
black african civilization.
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Naunton: Kush was a kingdom of
huge achievements in which
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There were more pyramids
built than there were in egypt.
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Narrator:
Standing tall at meroe,
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These elegant structures
have steep sides
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Pitched up to 81 degrees.
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Though in ruins today,
in the 3rd century b.C.,
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They are perfect pyramids,
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Some towering 100 feet tall
with decorated gateways
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00:02:50,471 --> 00:02:54,606
At the front
depicting kings and queens.
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00:02:54,608 --> 00:03:00,078
Painted with bold colors, over
200 spread across the landscape.
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00:03:00,080 --> 00:03:04,216
Why do the kushites build
pyramids 1,000 miles from egypt
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00:03:04,218 --> 00:03:08,053
And 1,000 years after the
egyptians stopped building them?
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Egyptologist chris naunton has
studied meroe for over a decade.
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He thinks there's a connection
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Between
these striking structures
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And the birthplace
of the pyramids, ancient egypt.
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Naunton: Egypt is one of the
richest countries in the world
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Archaeologically,
and it tells us a huge amount
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About the peoples
who lived around egypt,
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How the egyptians
interacted with them.
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Narrator:
His investigation starts
1,000 miles north of meroe
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At the ancient necropolis
of deir el-medina.
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♪
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Here, chris believes he can
trace links
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Between egypt and meroe.
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Naunton: Oh, wow.
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This is really amazing to see.
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Narrator: Small
pyramid-shaped constructions
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Sit at the entrance
to the tombs.
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Though restored today,
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Their foundations date to 1,300
years before the meroe pyramids.
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00:04:22,429 --> 00:04:25,497
Naunton: What's really striking
about it is how similar
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It is to the pyramids of meroe
with these much steeper sides
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Than the ones that we see
somewhere like giza
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And then this monumental doorway
here,
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And we see those
in meroe as well.
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Narrator: Chris thinks that
these kushite structures
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Share their function with
the pyramids of deir el-medina.
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They serve as gateways to tombs
cut into the mountain.
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When meroe is first excavated,
hidden sections below ground
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Are recorded
in the archaeological plans.
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00:05:02,736 --> 00:05:06,805
Naunton: There's a descending
staircase cut into the ground,
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And then underneath,
a set of burial compartments,
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So altogether the function
of the pyramid
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And subterranean chamber
is as a tomb.
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Narrator:
The pyramids at deir el-medina
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Are strikingly similar
to the kushite monuments.
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Could this just be
a coincidence?
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Clues could lie within these
strange structures.
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Each pyramid at meroe starts
with an infill of earth
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And rubble
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Piling up around a wooden pole
buried in the middle.
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Two layers of sandstone blocks
make up the outer walls
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That stand 30 degrees steeper
than any egyptian pyramid.
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A carved capstone
finishes the top.
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Two layers of plaster
give a smooth finish.
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Many are painted bold colors,
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And some decorated
with striking star designs.
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Can the techniques used
to build them
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Reveal a kushite connection
with egypt?
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Adel kelany is an expert
in kushite construction.
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He thinks the methods used to
achieve the pyramids' tall,
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Thin design reveals a direct
link with ancient egypt.
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At his sandstone-quarry
workshop,
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He designs and builds a model
to investigate.
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To solve the problem,
adel thinks the kushites used
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A piece
of ancient egyptian technology
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That dates back thousands
of years before meroe is built.
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If he's right, it could be proof
that the kushite engineers
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Have a direct connection
with egypt.
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A shaduf is a counterbalance
crane-like device
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Used to haul water
for irrigation.
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The wooden shaft discovered
at meroe could be a clue
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That the kushites adapted
to build pyramids,
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But can this simple
wooden device
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Lift huge blocks of sandstone?
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To investigate, adel's team
loads his replica shaduf
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With a 90-pound rock.
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Using the counterbalance,
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The men lift the first stone
with ease...
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...And set it in position.
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But the capstones
that complete the pyramids
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Can weigh over 150 pounds.
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Can the wooden shaduf lift
a stone this heavy?
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The men pull down
on the counterbalance
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And lift the huge stone
into the air.
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Kelany: Higher, higher, higher.
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Yeah, yeah, perfect.
It's okay.
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A little bit --
a little bit -- perfect.
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Narrator: The stone is safely
lowered into place.
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In just 10 minutes, adel's team
lift three blocks
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Of heavy sandstone into place
at the top of the pyramid.
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Their modification
of the shaduf design suggests
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The kushite engineers have
direct links to ancient egypt.
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The kushite workers pile up
rubble and sand
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And cover it
with sandstone blocks
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To build the bottom
half of the pyramid.
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Then they use a shaduf
as a crane
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To haul the heavy stones
up to the top
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00:09:30,270 --> 00:09:32,837
And finish each pyramid
with ease.
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To hide the shaduf,
they cut off the tip
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And cover it with an ornate
carved capstone.
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With this ingenious technique,
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The kushites build over 200
steep-sided pyramids,
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More than the egyptians
in their entire history.
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The pyramids of meroe have
a striking design
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That has its roots
in ancient egypt,
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00:10:03,670 --> 00:10:08,340
Evidence of links between these
great african civilizations,
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00:10:08,342 --> 00:10:12,344
But why do the kushites build
pyramids at meroe 1,000 years
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00:10:12,346 --> 00:10:16,615
After the egyptians stop
building them?
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00:10:16,617 --> 00:10:18,683
Is there more to their
relationship than just
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An imitation
of egyptian architecture?
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Treasures from inside
the meroe pyramids
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Could reveal a shocking
period of violence
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When the two civilizations
come face-to-face.
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Narrator: The pyramids of meroe:
Stunning remains of a lost
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African civilization,
the kushites.
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Built using ancient technology
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Pioneered 1,000 miles away
in egypt,
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They are evidence
of a connection
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Between their builders
and the mighty egyptians.
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00:11:07,034 --> 00:11:10,168
But where does
this relationship begin?
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00:11:10,170 --> 00:11:11,736
Can its origins shed light
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00:11:11,738 --> 00:11:16,274
On why the kushites build
egyptian-style pyramids?
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Clues could lie with
an astonishing discovery
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Beneath the ruins of meroe.
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Hidden deep under the pyramid
are two chambers
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Carved into the sandstone.
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In the back room
is a burial chest.
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Inside, the treasures of kushite
queen amanishakheto:
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Priceless gold jewelry,
beautifully detailed bracelets
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And over a dozen gold signet
rings with intricate images
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Reflecting the queen's power.
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Can the gold hoards of meroe
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Reveal a connection
between kush and egypt?
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♪
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To hunt for clues,
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Chris naunton investigates
an ancient tomb in luxor.
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00:12:25,479 --> 00:12:30,615
Naunton:
This incredibly beautiful scene
shows a series of people,
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00:12:30,617 --> 00:12:32,717
And they're identified
by their appearance,
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00:12:32,719 --> 00:12:34,352
By the black color of the skin
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00:12:34,354 --> 00:12:36,687
That some of them have
and also by the inscriptions,
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And these people include,
here, chiefs of kush.
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Narrator: Painted 1,000 years
before meroe is built,
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This is one of the earliest
images of kushites in egypt.
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Naunton:
All these people are bringing
various different commodities
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00:12:52,873 --> 00:12:55,073
Towards something
further down the scene,
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00:12:55,075 --> 00:12:57,342
So, for example,
we have cattle here.
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00:12:57,344 --> 00:13:02,080
There's even a giraffe,
and this group here
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Is bringing something
very special on these trays.
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00:13:04,251 --> 00:13:08,119
These are rings of solid gold.
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00:13:08,121 --> 00:13:13,258
Narrator:
Hundreds of gold bars and rings
are painted in the scene.
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00:13:13,260 --> 00:13:16,094
3,000 years ago,
gold is one of the most
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00:13:16,096 --> 00:13:19,264
Sought-after substances
in ancient egypt.
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00:13:19,266 --> 00:13:22,901
Naunton:
It's pretty clear that there was
a huge quantity of gold
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00:13:22,903 --> 00:13:26,838
Coming from the south
into egypt.
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00:13:26,840 --> 00:13:28,406
Narrator:
The gold trade helps fund
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00:13:28,408 --> 00:13:31,242
The growth of
the kushite civilization.
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00:13:31,244 --> 00:13:33,311
Chris thinks egypt's greed
for gold
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00:13:33,313 --> 00:13:35,380
Brings it closer to kush.
200
00:13:35,382 --> 00:13:38,716
Naunton: Control of gold,
control of trade in gold,
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00:13:38,718 --> 00:13:42,287
Was a key factor in
the expanding relationship
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00:13:42,289 --> 00:13:45,023
Between egypt and kush.
203
00:13:45,025 --> 00:13:47,592
Narrator: Through the gold
trade, kush is introduced
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00:13:47,594 --> 00:13:50,929
To the wonders
of egyptian civilization
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00:13:50,931 --> 00:13:58,336
Like the royal pyramid burial
sites at giza and saqqara,
206
00:13:58,338 --> 00:14:01,039
But gold alone can't have
inspired the kushites
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00:14:01,041 --> 00:14:04,209
To build pyramids.
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00:14:04,211 --> 00:14:07,078
Countless civilizations
trade with egypt,
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00:14:07,080 --> 00:14:10,315
But none copy
their iconic structures,
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00:14:10,317 --> 00:14:12,150
And there are signs
that the relationship
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00:14:12,152 --> 00:14:16,020
Between kush and egypt
has a dark side.
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00:14:16,022 --> 00:14:19,090
Naunton: All this gold is being
brought to this figure,
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00:14:19,092 --> 00:14:21,726
Who stands inside this shrine
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00:14:21,728 --> 00:14:25,096
With a frieze of cobras
at the top.
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00:14:25,098 --> 00:14:28,600
Narrator: The gold here is also
an offering to a higher power.
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00:14:31,137 --> 00:14:33,738
The image is badly damaged,
but this is one
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00:14:33,740 --> 00:14:37,175
Of the most important
figures of ancient egypt.
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00:14:37,177 --> 00:14:38,710
Naunton: We in fact know from
inscriptions
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00:14:38,712 --> 00:14:42,847
Elsewhere in the tomb
that this is king tutankhamun.
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00:14:42,849 --> 00:14:45,817
Narrator:
It's believed that tutankhamun's
burial treasure is made
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00:14:45,819 --> 00:14:47,518
From kushite gold
used to make
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00:14:47,520 --> 00:14:50,221
His sarcophagus
and funerary mask.
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00:14:52,359 --> 00:14:55,693
Centuries before tutankhamun
rules egypt,
224
00:14:55,695 --> 00:14:58,563
Kushites strike gold
in the banks of the nile.
225
00:15:03,803 --> 00:15:05,703
With its newfound wealth,
226
00:15:05,705 --> 00:15:09,140
Kush builds a powerful army
of skilled archers.
227
00:15:14,514 --> 00:15:18,750
Egypt builds 14 forts along
the kushite border on the nile
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00:15:18,752 --> 00:15:21,753
To station troops
and control the gold trade.
229
00:15:26,259 --> 00:15:28,927
And in the 16th century b.C.,
230
00:15:28,929 --> 00:15:33,464
Pharaoh thutmose I conquers the
kush and takes all their gold.
231
00:15:36,403 --> 00:15:38,469
In the years after he invades,
232
00:15:38,471 --> 00:15:42,006
Signs of an even more sinister
side to egypt appear.
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00:15:44,411 --> 00:15:46,644
Kushite expert
pearce paul creasman
234
00:15:46,646 --> 00:15:50,315
Investigates the great temple
of abu simbel in aswan.
235
00:15:52,319 --> 00:15:54,886
He thinks there's evidence here
of the true nature
236
00:15:54,888 --> 00:15:58,423
Of kush's relationship
with egypt.
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00:15:58,425 --> 00:16:01,693
Creasman: When you see this,
you can't help but be awestruck.
238
00:16:01,695 --> 00:16:03,027
It's incredible.
239
00:16:03,029 --> 00:16:06,331
Ramesses the great choosing
to build a temple here,
240
00:16:06,333 --> 00:16:09,534
On the border with kush,
is a statement piece.
241
00:16:12,005 --> 00:16:14,072
Narrator:
Among the lavish decorations
242
00:16:14,074 --> 00:16:17,041
Are images of kushites
bound together.
243
00:16:21,181 --> 00:16:24,048
Inside the temple, the king
himself is depicted
244
00:16:24,050 --> 00:16:28,219
Violently punishing
his kushite captives.
245
00:16:28,221 --> 00:16:31,089
Creasman:
Here, we have ramesses the great
rearing back, holding a mace,
246
00:16:31,091 --> 00:16:35,293
Ready to strike his captives,
holding them in his other hand.
247
00:16:35,295 --> 00:16:37,495
It's showing
the forthcoming action
248
00:16:37,497 --> 00:16:40,365
If people don't get in line.
249
00:16:40,367 --> 00:16:43,701
Narrator: But pearce paul thinks
behind this show of strength,
250
00:16:43,703 --> 00:16:46,904
A very different message
can be deciphered.
251
00:16:46,906 --> 00:16:49,540
Creasman: Why does anybody
intimidate anyone else?
252
00:16:49,542 --> 00:16:51,309
Maybe because there's
a little bit of fear,
253
00:16:51,311 --> 00:16:54,645
Concern about the rise
of their southern neighbor.
254
00:16:54,647 --> 00:16:58,649
Narrator:
Abu simbel is designed to remind
kush of egypt's dominance.
255
00:17:02,655 --> 00:17:08,092
But if kush is reduced
to an egyptian colony,
256
00:17:08,094 --> 00:17:09,627
Why do its people imitate
257
00:17:09,629 --> 00:17:13,631
The pyramids
of their tyrannical overlords?
258
00:17:13,633 --> 00:17:16,567
Could mysterious artifacts
unearthed at meroe
259
00:17:16,569 --> 00:17:20,405
Reveal how kushites go
from prisoners to invaders?
260
00:17:33,787 --> 00:17:38,956
Narrator: The ancient ruins of
the meroe pyramids in sudan:
261
00:17:38,958 --> 00:17:43,761
The spectacular architectural
legacy of the kushites.
262
00:17:43,763 --> 00:17:47,365
To find out why they build them,
experts are investigating links
263
00:17:47,367 --> 00:17:53,071
Between kush and the birthplace
of ancient pyramids, egypt.
264
00:17:53,073 --> 00:17:55,606
But in the 13th century b.C.,
265
00:17:55,608 --> 00:17:58,676
Kush is a colony ruled
by the egyptian pharaoh.
266
00:18:00,880 --> 00:18:05,983
What changes make kush adopt the
architecture of its overlords?
267
00:18:05,985 --> 00:18:11,189
A clue could lie inside
a pyramid at meroe.
268
00:18:11,191 --> 00:18:15,393
Near the entrance, investigators
unearth a strange statue:
269
00:18:15,395 --> 00:18:19,597
A bird with a human head
270
00:18:19,599 --> 00:18:24,635
Believed to keep the spirit of
the dead alive in the afterlife,
271
00:18:24,637 --> 00:18:27,772
And deeper inside the chamber,
272
00:18:27,774 --> 00:18:30,741
A stone offering table
with mysterious symbols
273
00:18:30,743 --> 00:18:32,477
Carved around the edge.
274
00:18:37,183 --> 00:18:41,152
In the center, two gods of the
dead pouring liquid offerings
275
00:18:41,154 --> 00:18:42,787
Into the earth...
276
00:18:47,560 --> 00:18:49,760
...A powerful symbol
of kushite worship
277
00:18:49,762 --> 00:18:51,496
Of the natural environment.
278
00:18:55,802 --> 00:18:58,102
Creasman:
Offering tables in tombs,
279
00:18:58,104 --> 00:18:59,971
They're an essential aspect
of this deal
280
00:18:59,973 --> 00:19:03,975
Between humanity
and the gods to maintain order.
281
00:19:03,977 --> 00:19:08,746
Narrator:
Evidence is emerging that the
kushite prayers are answered.
282
00:19:08,748 --> 00:19:11,115
Pearce paul creasman thinks
that the natural world
283
00:19:11,117 --> 00:19:14,418
Helps kush flip
the power balance with egypt.
284
00:19:14,420 --> 00:19:17,321
Creasman:
The offerings were often
about ensuring fertility,
285
00:19:17,323 --> 00:19:20,491
Trying to ensure
that the annual floods came.
286
00:19:20,493 --> 00:19:22,927
The annual floods probably play
an important role
287
00:19:22,929 --> 00:19:25,496
In the rise of kush.
288
00:19:25,498 --> 00:19:29,167
Narrator: The nile is crucial
for kush and egypt.
289
00:19:29,169 --> 00:19:33,137
Their power and wealth
depend on its annual flood.
290
00:19:33,139 --> 00:19:36,207
To investigate this life-giving
resource,
291
00:19:36,209 --> 00:19:38,476
Pearce paul disembarks
at a riverbank
292
00:19:38,478 --> 00:19:42,146
Where the trees record
fertility year after year.
293
00:19:42,148 --> 00:19:46,250
He uses an increment borer
to examine the growth of a tree.
294
00:19:46,252 --> 00:19:47,618
Creasman:
This is a core from the tree.
295
00:19:47,620 --> 00:19:50,254
It's very faint, but you can
just see some darker
296
00:19:50,256 --> 00:19:51,622
And lighter bands.
297
00:19:51,624 --> 00:19:54,325
Narrator: Pearce paul marks up
the different bands.
298
00:19:54,327 --> 00:19:56,961
Creasman: In the case of trees
right by the edge of the nile,
299
00:19:56,963 --> 00:20:00,298
It's telling us about how much
water was available to them.
300
00:20:00,300 --> 00:20:05,570
Narrator:
A ticker growth band means the
tree has absorbed more water.
301
00:20:05,572 --> 00:20:07,004
In ancient egypt,
302
00:20:07,006 --> 00:20:10,741
The water supply is dictated
by the annual floods.
303
00:20:10,743 --> 00:20:12,343
Creasman: The annual floods
were the lifeblood
304
00:20:12,345 --> 00:20:14,111
Of ancient egypt and kush.
305
00:20:14,113 --> 00:20:17,114
Each year, the floods came down
and redeposited
306
00:20:17,116 --> 00:20:18,783
New silt and water.
307
00:20:18,785 --> 00:20:20,585
They overflowed the banks
of the nile
308
00:20:20,587 --> 00:20:24,155
And allowed people to plant
a much broader area of the land.
309
00:20:27,060 --> 00:20:30,828
Narrator:
To monitor the progress of this
critical natural process,
310
00:20:30,830 --> 00:20:33,531
The ancient egyptians invent
an ingenious device
311
00:20:33,533 --> 00:20:37,001
Called a nilometer.
312
00:20:37,003 --> 00:20:40,171
At elephantine island
in the aswan region,
313
00:20:40,173 --> 00:20:42,673
Pearce paul investigates
a nilometer that dates
314
00:20:42,675 --> 00:20:45,876
Back over 3,000 years.
315
00:20:45,878 --> 00:20:48,846
Built into the riverbank,
it's a hidden staircase
316
00:20:48,848 --> 00:20:51,449
That disappears
into the nile waters.
317
00:20:51,451 --> 00:20:54,352
Creasman:
So here, we're at the bottom
of the nilometer right now.
318
00:20:54,354 --> 00:20:56,053
As the water is lapping
against the wall,
319
00:20:56,055 --> 00:20:59,624
You can see exactly
where it changes.
320
00:20:59,626 --> 00:21:01,192
Narrator:
Marks cut into the walls
321
00:21:01,194 --> 00:21:05,129
Are used to measure
the height of the river.
322
00:21:05,131 --> 00:21:06,464
Creasman: People could measure
whether or not
323
00:21:06,466 --> 00:21:08,532
It was going to be
a good harvest,
324
00:21:08,534 --> 00:21:12,103
Hoping, praying
for the waters to rise.
325
00:21:12,105 --> 00:21:15,273
Narrator: When floodwaters in
egypt are critically low,
326
00:21:15,275 --> 00:21:19,210
A bad harvest can hit
the economy hard,
327
00:21:19,212 --> 00:21:22,713
Giving kush a chance to strike
back at their oppressors.
328
00:21:22,715 --> 00:21:25,650
Creasman: A series of lower
floods would create a situation
329
00:21:25,652 --> 00:21:27,852
Like a chaos for the egyptians.
330
00:21:27,854 --> 00:21:30,121
If there isn't enough food
to feed everybody,
331
00:21:30,123 --> 00:21:32,023
Power structures
start weakening,
332
00:21:32,025 --> 00:21:33,724
And we see that in the years
leading up
333
00:21:33,726 --> 00:21:36,027
To the rise of the kush.
334
00:21:36,029 --> 00:21:38,362
Narrator:
In the 12th century b.C.,
335
00:21:38,364 --> 00:21:41,399
The waters of the nile
are extremely low.
336
00:21:41,401 --> 00:21:43,901
Central egypt's power weakens.
337
00:21:46,072 --> 00:21:51,809
1,000 miles south,
kush is unaffected by the chaos.
338
00:21:51,811 --> 00:21:53,611
Creasman: In kush, the
floodplains are smaller,
339
00:21:53,613 --> 00:21:57,081
And there are fewer people,
so the level of the flood
340
00:21:57,083 --> 00:22:00,551
Is perhaps less critical
in any given year
341
00:22:00,553 --> 00:22:02,987
Than it would have
been in egypt.
342
00:22:02,989 --> 00:22:05,489
It would have been a really
golden opportunity for them
343
00:22:05,491 --> 00:22:09,427
To have a resurgence
and a rebirth.
344
00:22:09,429 --> 00:22:12,129
Narrator:
The forces of nature finally
give kush an opportunity
345
00:22:12,131 --> 00:22:14,165
To break free of egyptian rule.
346
00:22:18,071 --> 00:22:21,572
But egypt is still a more
powerful civilization than kush.
347
00:22:24,177 --> 00:22:29,480
How can the kushites take on
the imperial might of egypt?
348
00:22:29,482 --> 00:22:33,250
Pearce paul visits
the antiquities museum in cairo,
349
00:22:33,252 --> 00:22:35,119
The world's greatest collection
of egyptian
350
00:22:35,121 --> 00:22:38,689
Archaeological treasures.
351
00:22:38,691 --> 00:22:42,660
He examines a stele carved
in honor of piankhi,
352
00:22:42,662 --> 00:22:44,128
A black african kushite
353
00:22:44,130 --> 00:22:47,498
Who wants to end
egypt's rule over kush.
354
00:22:47,500 --> 00:22:49,300
Creasman:
This is an essential document.
355
00:22:49,302 --> 00:22:51,969
For hundreds of years,
egypt had been fractured.
356
00:22:51,971 --> 00:22:54,338
This is the kushite resurgence.
357
00:22:54,340 --> 00:22:56,006
These were chieftains,
358
00:22:56,008 --> 00:22:59,477
But they are bowing down
at the feet of the king,
359
00:22:59,479 --> 00:23:02,313
Demonstrating his power.
360
00:23:02,315 --> 00:23:06,283
Narrator:
The hieroglyphic code reveals
a great kushite uprising
361
00:23:06,285 --> 00:23:09,854
And how the kush eventually
conquer all of egypt.
362
00:23:09,856 --> 00:23:11,522
Creasman: It tells us that they
were strong
363
00:23:11,524 --> 00:23:13,824
Because they conquered
major cities and centers
364
00:23:13,826 --> 00:23:15,793
In the ancient capitals
of egypt.
365
00:23:15,795 --> 00:23:19,196
This is the moment
that the kushite king
366
00:23:19,198 --> 00:23:20,998
Overtook the egyptians.
367
00:23:24,137 --> 00:23:28,939
Narrator:
In the 8th century b.C.,
piankhi's archers marched north,
368
00:23:28,941 --> 00:23:30,975
Conquering much
of the nile valley.
369
00:23:34,347 --> 00:23:37,515
Piankhi takes control of
lower egypt
370
00:23:37,517 --> 00:23:41,385
Before leading his army
north to the capital, memphis.
371
00:23:41,387 --> 00:23:45,756
Victory here means rule
over all egypt.
372
00:23:45,758 --> 00:23:47,858
Piankhi, a kushite king,
373
00:23:47,860 --> 00:23:51,028
Conquers the land
of the pyramids,
374
00:23:51,030 --> 00:23:52,830
But victory alone can't explain
375
00:23:52,832 --> 00:23:56,834
Why kushites build similar
structures at meroe.
376
00:23:56,836 --> 00:24:00,604
No other invaders
of egypt build pyramids.
377
00:24:00,606 --> 00:24:03,040
Why do the kush do it?
378
00:24:03,042 --> 00:24:05,409
More clues could lie
in shocking events
379
00:24:05,411 --> 00:24:08,078
That happen after
the kushites invade.
380
00:24:21,060 --> 00:24:22,493
Narrator: The pyramids of meroe
381
00:24:22,495 --> 00:24:26,330
Have baffled archaeologists
for centuries.
382
00:24:26,332 --> 00:24:29,934
Why do the kushites build
over 200 structures
383
00:24:29,936 --> 00:24:33,871
Modeled on some of the most
iconic buildings on the planet,
384
00:24:33,873 --> 00:24:36,106
The pyramids of egypt?
385
00:24:36,108 --> 00:24:39,043
Could the answer lie in egypt
and kush's volatile
386
00:24:39,045 --> 00:24:41,846
History of conquest
and colonization?
387
00:24:44,884 --> 00:24:48,886
Chris naunton looks for clues
at the great temple of karnak.
388
00:24:48,888 --> 00:24:52,089
Naunton: The decoration and the
inscriptions on these buildings
389
00:24:52,091 --> 00:24:54,658
Allows us to read something
of egyptian history
390
00:24:54,660 --> 00:24:57,761
Into what we're
looking at here.
391
00:24:57,763 --> 00:25:01,999
Narrator:
Chris thinks evidence of
a shocking kushite impact here
392
00:25:02,001 --> 00:25:07,438
Could provide clues to why they
build the pyramids of meroe.
393
00:25:07,440 --> 00:25:10,975
Among the remains of a building
at the heart of the complex,
394
00:25:10,977 --> 00:25:12,877
He examines
the hieroglyphic sign
395
00:25:12,879 --> 00:25:16,614
Of one of egypt's
most surprising rulers.
396
00:25:16,616 --> 00:25:20,718
Naunton: Even in a small temple,
we can see royal names,
397
00:25:20,720 --> 00:25:22,186
And we can tell when
we've got a royal name
398
00:25:22,188 --> 00:25:25,422
Because the hieroglyphic signs
are enclosed in a name ring
399
00:25:25,424 --> 00:25:27,191
Which we call a cartouche.
400
00:25:27,193 --> 00:25:28,859
That's exactly
what we've got here.
401
00:25:28,861 --> 00:25:30,828
This is a very interesting
name though.
402
00:25:30,830 --> 00:25:36,433
This is the name taharqa,
and taharqa was a kushite.
403
00:25:36,435 --> 00:25:39,870
Narrator: 40 years after
piankhi invades,
404
00:25:39,872 --> 00:25:43,707
The kushites consolidate
their control of egypt,
405
00:25:43,709 --> 00:25:46,644
But taharqa
is no ordinary kushite.
406
00:25:46,646 --> 00:25:48,979
He changes egypt forever.
407
00:25:48,981 --> 00:25:53,350
♪
408
00:25:53,352 --> 00:25:55,920
Taharqa leaves his mark
on karnak,
409
00:25:55,922 --> 00:25:58,155
The most important
temple in egypt.
410
00:25:58,157 --> 00:26:03,460
♪
411
00:26:03,462 --> 00:26:06,130
He builds colossal pillars
at the entrance
412
00:26:06,132 --> 00:26:08,699
With his name
inscribed all over them.
413
00:26:12,138 --> 00:26:16,106
Alongside a sacred lake,
he builds a grand new temple
414
00:26:16,108 --> 00:26:19,276
With carvings
depicting his divine status.
415
00:26:21,881 --> 00:26:24,181
Inside, he erects a sculpture
of himself
416
00:26:24,183 --> 00:26:28,185
Wearing two cobras
on his headdress.
417
00:26:28,187 --> 00:26:29,753
Could this be a clue to why
418
00:26:29,755 --> 00:26:32,957
Kush build egyptian-style
pyramids at meroe?
419
00:26:32,959 --> 00:26:39,663
♪
420
00:26:39,665 --> 00:26:42,900
To find out, chris examines
the intricate carvings
421
00:26:42,902 --> 00:26:45,536
Of taharqa up close.
422
00:26:45,538 --> 00:26:52,710
Naunton:
This is taharqa, and he's
wearing a cobra at his brow,
423
00:26:52,712 --> 00:26:56,981
But there's just the faint
traces of a second one here.
424
00:26:56,983 --> 00:26:59,350
Narrator: The second cobra
is badly damaged,
425
00:26:59,352 --> 00:27:01,752
But the headdress reveals
taharqa's position
426
00:27:01,754 --> 00:27:04,421
Here in egypt.
427
00:27:04,423 --> 00:27:06,323
Naunton:
Only one person in the country
428
00:27:06,325 --> 00:27:10,928
Had the privilege of wearing
the cobra at the brow here.
429
00:27:10,930 --> 00:27:15,566
This is clearly the image
of a pharaoh.
430
00:27:15,568 --> 00:27:19,703
Narrator: Taharqa, a kushite,
is a black pharaoh of egypt...
431
00:27:23,676 --> 00:27:25,976
...And wearing two cobras
could be a clue
432
00:27:25,978 --> 00:27:30,347
That he is more powerful than
any other pharaoh before him.
433
00:27:30,349 --> 00:27:34,284
Naunton:
It's possible each of these
represents the idea of their
434
00:27:34,286 --> 00:27:40,190
Having ruled over two kingdoms,
both kush and egypt.
435
00:27:40,192 --> 00:27:42,660
Narrator:
Ruling over both peoples,
436
00:27:42,662 --> 00:27:45,396
Taharqa combines
the two territories,
437
00:27:45,398 --> 00:27:48,032
Merging them
into one huge kingdom.
438
00:27:51,504 --> 00:27:53,203
3,500 years ago,
439
00:27:53,205 --> 00:27:57,007
Kush is a small
independent kingdom
440
00:27:57,009 --> 00:27:59,276
That sits along
the banks of the nile.
441
00:28:01,347 --> 00:28:03,347
By the time of taharqa,
442
00:28:03,349 --> 00:28:07,618
His two kingdoms stretch
almost 2,000 miles,
443
00:28:07,620 --> 00:28:11,355
Ruling more of the great nile
valley than anyone before him.
444
00:28:13,693 --> 00:28:16,460
Chris
explores the temple complex.
445
00:28:16,462 --> 00:28:18,829
He finds evidence of other
kushite pharaohs
446
00:28:18,831 --> 00:28:20,597
With the double cobra.
447
00:28:20,599 --> 00:28:24,635
It's proof that taharqa is not
the only kushite pharaoh.
448
00:28:24,637 --> 00:28:27,438
Naunton: In fact, there were
five kushites
449
00:28:27,440 --> 00:28:29,073
Who became kings of egypt,
450
00:28:29,075 --> 00:28:32,676
So this was
an entire dynasty of kushites
451
00:28:32,678 --> 00:28:34,912
Ruling as pharaoh in egypt.
452
00:28:34,914 --> 00:28:40,551
It's an extraordinary reversal
of fortunes for kush and egypt.
453
00:28:40,553 --> 00:28:42,686
Narrator: Piankhi's invasion
marks the beginning
454
00:28:42,688 --> 00:28:45,723
Of over a century
of kushite rule.
455
00:28:45,725 --> 00:28:50,027
They become known as the kings
of the 25th dynasty,
456
00:28:50,029 --> 00:28:52,463
The black pharaohs of egypt.
457
00:28:52,465 --> 00:28:55,399
Naunton: The kushites had
a constant, ever-changing
458
00:28:55,401 --> 00:28:58,869
And at times very dramatic
relationship with egypt.
459
00:28:58,871 --> 00:29:01,205
By the time they became
pharaohs themselves,
460
00:29:01,207 --> 00:29:05,008
They were already egyptianized.
461
00:29:05,010 --> 00:29:08,145
Narrator: The kush rule the land
of the pyramids
462
00:29:08,147 --> 00:29:10,948
But don't build their pyramids
then and there.
463
00:29:13,419 --> 00:29:16,120
Why do they build them
500 years later
464
00:29:16,122 --> 00:29:19,590
And 1,000 miles away in meroe?
465
00:29:19,592 --> 00:29:23,927
Their fate in egypt could
finally reveal the answers.
466
00:29:23,929 --> 00:29:27,264
Shocking discoveries at
the heart of ancient luxor
467
00:29:27,266 --> 00:29:29,566
Could be evidence
of a catastrophic change
468
00:29:29,568 --> 00:29:32,035
In fortunes
for the black pharaohs.
469
00:29:45,017 --> 00:29:47,217
Narrator:
In the 8th century b.C.,
470
00:29:47,219 --> 00:29:49,953
Kushite pharaohs rule
all of egypt.
471
00:29:51,924 --> 00:29:54,391
So why do they leave
to build pyramids
472
00:29:54,393 --> 00:29:57,961
1,000 miles away at meroe?
473
00:29:57,963 --> 00:30:00,164
Answers could lie
in the ultimate fate
474
00:30:00,166 --> 00:30:03,200
Of the kushite kings.
475
00:30:03,202 --> 00:30:05,502
To investigate,
chris naunton has come
476
00:30:05,504 --> 00:30:09,273
To the great temple
of karnak in egypt.
477
00:30:09,275 --> 00:30:13,811
Here, traces of the black
pharaoh dynasty still remain.
478
00:30:13,813 --> 00:30:16,380
In a temple at the edge
of the complex,
479
00:30:16,382 --> 00:30:19,416
He examines the carved
image of shebitku,
480
00:30:19,418 --> 00:30:22,986
The second kushite pharaoh
to rule egypt.
481
00:30:22,988 --> 00:30:27,190
Naunton: This is an image of
pharaoh, and again,
482
00:30:27,192 --> 00:30:30,727
It's an image of a king looking
very distinctively kushite,
483
00:30:30,729 --> 00:30:33,197
A double cobra at the brow,
484
00:30:33,199 --> 00:30:36,033
And one of those cobras
is quite well-preserved.
485
00:30:36,035 --> 00:30:37,868
The other one is not
much more of a shadow,
486
00:30:37,870 --> 00:30:39,169
But what that tells us
487
00:30:39,171 --> 00:30:42,105
Is that that's been
deliberately hacked away.
488
00:30:42,107 --> 00:30:43,473
Narrator:
Chris thinks this is evidence
489
00:30:43,475 --> 00:30:46,777
Of a turn
against the kushite kings.
490
00:30:46,779 --> 00:30:47,978
Naunton:
They were not egyptians.
491
00:30:47,980 --> 00:30:50,147
They were outsiders
at this time.
492
00:30:50,149 --> 00:30:52,049
They'd lost control of egypt.
493
00:30:52,051 --> 00:30:54,451
They reverted to being egypt's
enemy again,
494
00:30:54,453 --> 00:30:57,287
And that's perhaps why
later pharaohs wanted to remove
495
00:30:57,289 --> 00:31:00,624
All memory of there ever having
been kushite kings in egypt
496
00:31:00,626 --> 00:31:04,661
By removing this distinctive
feature, this second cobra,
497
00:31:04,663 --> 00:31:07,998
And this is really a very,
very striking moment
498
00:31:08,000 --> 00:31:09,867
In egyptian history.
499
00:31:09,869 --> 00:31:11,668
Narrator:
The destroyed cobra symbolizes
500
00:31:11,670 --> 00:31:16,139
The end of kushite rule
over egypt,
501
00:31:16,141 --> 00:31:19,109
But it's not the egyptians
that strip them of the crown.
502
00:31:22,147 --> 00:31:25,282
The kushite pharaohs fall
at the hands of a powerful ruler
503
00:31:25,284 --> 00:31:30,187
From the east:
King esarhaddon of assyria.
504
00:31:32,758 --> 00:31:37,427
The assyrian king conquers
the kush with his huge army,
505
00:31:37,429 --> 00:31:40,264
Bringing kushite rule in egypt
to an end.
506
00:31:44,169 --> 00:31:47,437
The assyrians rule
for just 12 years,
507
00:31:47,439 --> 00:31:50,274
But they force
the kushites 800 miles south,
508
00:31:50,276 --> 00:31:52,876
Back out of egypt
into kush territory,
509
00:31:55,214 --> 00:31:58,348
But even their homeland
can't offer the kush safety.
510
00:32:01,654 --> 00:32:03,854
Pearce paul creasman thinks
a new force
511
00:32:03,856 --> 00:32:07,791
Pushes them
further south to meroe.
512
00:32:07,793 --> 00:32:09,660
At the great temple
of abu-simbel
513
00:32:09,662 --> 00:32:12,396
On the ancient border
with egypt,
514
00:32:12,398 --> 00:32:16,967
He tracks down the identity
of kush's latest enemy.
515
00:32:16,969 --> 00:32:19,403
Creasman: Just under the left
knee of ramesses the great,
516
00:32:19,405 --> 00:32:21,905
You can see a greek inscription.
517
00:32:21,907 --> 00:32:23,473
It's actually a graffiti.
518
00:32:23,475 --> 00:32:26,209
It tells us about the exploits
of mercenaries
519
00:32:26,211 --> 00:32:30,847
Sent down by the king,
psamtik ii.
520
00:32:30,849 --> 00:32:32,950
Narrator:
Psamtik ii is a new pharaoh
521
00:32:32,952 --> 00:32:37,054
Who rules egypt after his father
expels the assyrians.
522
00:32:39,158 --> 00:32:40,958
Pearce paul thinks
this graffiti
523
00:32:40,960 --> 00:32:44,061
Is evidence of a new
egyptian invasion of kush.
524
00:32:47,066 --> 00:32:50,567
The proof is in the ancient name
the egyptians used to describe
525
00:32:50,569 --> 00:32:55,605
Enemies from the south:
The people of the nine bows.
526
00:32:55,607 --> 00:32:57,541
Creasman: The nine bows are
a representation,
527
00:32:57,543 --> 00:32:59,576
A way of talking
about the enemy.
528
00:32:59,578 --> 00:33:02,446
This graffiti specifically
mentions the nine bows
529
00:33:02,448 --> 00:33:04,781
As the enemy
that needs to be tended.
530
00:33:04,783 --> 00:33:06,416
There's no question
that this talks
531
00:33:06,418 --> 00:33:08,952
About a combined egyptian
and mercenary army
532
00:33:08,954 --> 00:33:12,055
Being sent by the pharaoh
into the land of the kush.
533
00:33:14,893 --> 00:33:18,161
Narrator: On the island of
kalabsha near aswan,
534
00:33:18,163 --> 00:33:22,232
A record of the battle
is preserved on a stone carving.
535
00:33:22,234 --> 00:33:24,601
Pearce paul decodes
the hieroglyphic story
536
00:33:24,603 --> 00:33:28,171
Cut into the granite.
537
00:33:28,173 --> 00:33:32,676
Creasman:
In this section, it's saying the
king is strong and successful,
538
00:33:32,678 --> 00:33:37,147
Strong of arm and he who smites
the people of the nine bows.
539
00:33:37,149 --> 00:33:40,417
It tells us that he brought back
4,200 captives,
540
00:33:40,419 --> 00:33:41,985
Not one of them escaping,
541
00:33:41,987 --> 00:33:44,721
And waded in their blood
as water.
542
00:33:46,859 --> 00:33:49,259
Narrator:
In the 6th century b.C.,
543
00:33:49,261 --> 00:33:53,130
Pharaoh psamtik ii's army
descends on kush,
544
00:33:53,132 --> 00:33:56,299
Forcing its people
200 miles south to meroe.
545
00:33:58,637 --> 00:34:01,938
Here, the kush build a new
capital,
546
00:34:01,940 --> 00:34:05,876
Complete with beautiful palaces,
temples and pyramids.
547
00:34:09,515 --> 00:34:14,651
Kush's relationship with egypt
develops over 3,000 years.
548
00:34:14,653 --> 00:34:16,820
They rise to rule egypt,
549
00:34:16,822 --> 00:34:22,426
Adopting the pharaonic way
of life and way of death.
550
00:34:22,428 --> 00:34:26,897
The kushite pyramids at meroe
can be seen as symbols
551
00:34:26,899 --> 00:34:29,433
Of their adaption
of egyptian civilization.
552
00:34:32,271 --> 00:34:36,540
After egypt eventually
collapses, meroe survives
553
00:34:36,542 --> 00:34:40,710
As the last bastion
of this iconic ancient culture.
554
00:34:40,712 --> 00:34:46,683
Kushite civilization
thrives at meroe for 650 years.
555
00:34:46,685 --> 00:34:52,222
By 350 a.D., the kingdom of kush
disappears completely.
556
00:34:52,224 --> 00:34:53,857
What wipes it out?
557
00:34:56,061 --> 00:34:59,529
Mysterious artifacts unearthed
from an ancient chapel
558
00:34:59,531 --> 00:35:02,299
Could reveal
how kush meets its end.
559
00:35:16,248 --> 00:35:20,350
Narrator:
At their peak, the kushites rise
from the shadows of egypt
560
00:35:20,352 --> 00:35:24,754
To rule the greatest empire
in the ancient world.
561
00:35:24,756 --> 00:35:27,858
But 100 years
after their conquest,
562
00:35:27,860 --> 00:35:31,528
The kush are forced
out of egypt.
563
00:35:31,530 --> 00:35:34,397
They construct a new capital
at meroe,
564
00:35:34,399 --> 00:35:39,836
Building over 200 iconic
egypt-inspired pyramids,
565
00:35:39,838 --> 00:35:45,575
But by 350 a.D., the kushites
vanish from history.
566
00:35:45,577 --> 00:35:49,045
What destroys
the once-powerful kushites?
567
00:35:49,047 --> 00:35:51,815
A clue could lie in a strange
building nestling
568
00:35:51,817 --> 00:35:55,752
Among the kushite pyramids.
569
00:35:55,754 --> 00:35:58,355
Hidden in the ruins
of a christian church,
570
00:35:58,357 --> 00:36:00,957
Archaeologists make
a surprising find.
571
00:36:04,796 --> 00:36:07,697
The stone slabs that line
the central aisle
572
00:36:07,699 --> 00:36:10,867
Have intriguing carvings.
573
00:36:10,869 --> 00:36:16,473
They depict kushite rulers
making offerings to the gods
574
00:36:16,475 --> 00:36:21,878
With lines and lines of
a mysterious kushite language.
575
00:36:21,880 --> 00:36:26,783
These are sacred steles once
belonging to a kushite pyramid.
576
00:36:29,555 --> 00:36:31,621
So what are these kushite
artifacts
577
00:36:31,623 --> 00:36:34,191
Doing on the floor
of a christian church?
578
00:36:34,193 --> 00:36:39,996
♪
579
00:36:39,998 --> 00:36:42,866
To investigate,
pearce paul creasman explores
580
00:36:42,868 --> 00:36:47,337
A temple on the island
of kalabsha in aswan.
581
00:36:47,339 --> 00:36:50,440
On a wall of the temple,
he finds a carving that
582
00:36:50,442 --> 00:36:55,045
Could explain
the end of the kingdom of kush.
583
00:36:55,047 --> 00:36:59,883
It depicts silko,
a king of what was kush.
584
00:36:59,885 --> 00:37:03,820
He wears roman armor
and sits astride a horse.
585
00:37:03,822 --> 00:37:07,157
Creasman: What we can see in
the iconography here is change.
586
00:37:07,159 --> 00:37:12,028
This is silko adopting something
like roman-type regalia,
587
00:37:12,030 --> 00:37:13,597
And then looking up
in the corner,
588
00:37:13,599 --> 00:37:17,267
Anointing this king is something
that looks very familiar to us.
589
00:37:17,269 --> 00:37:19,369
Look at the wings on his back.
590
00:37:19,371 --> 00:37:21,304
We'd call that an angel.
591
00:37:21,306 --> 00:37:24,241
This is very early
christian iconography.
592
00:37:24,243 --> 00:37:27,410
It's a major shift
from the kushite world
593
00:37:27,412 --> 00:37:29,045
To the christian world.
594
00:37:32,117 --> 00:37:36,219
Narrator: Rome invades kush
in the 1st century a.D.
595
00:37:36,221 --> 00:37:39,522
The kush become romanized.
596
00:37:39,524 --> 00:37:41,658
When the roman empire
becomes christian
597
00:37:41,660 --> 00:37:44,227
In the 4th century a.D.,
598
00:37:44,229 --> 00:37:48,598
Its client kings, like silko,
become christian too.
599
00:37:48,600 --> 00:37:52,135
Creasman:
If silko represents the
introduction of christianity
600
00:37:52,137 --> 00:37:55,739
After the fall of kush,
it helps to explain why we see
601
00:37:55,741 --> 00:37:59,342
At all of these kushite sites
reuse of the kushite monuments
602
00:37:59,344 --> 00:38:03,913
And blocks being built
into new christian churches.
603
00:38:03,915 --> 00:38:07,884
By the time that silko lived
and ruled, kush was no more.
604
00:38:10,355 --> 00:38:13,490
Narrator: As christianity sweeps
through africa,
605
00:38:13,492 --> 00:38:18,528
The sacred pyramids of kush
are ransacked and abandoned.
606
00:38:18,530 --> 00:38:22,532
Many of the iconic structures
stand for thousands of years,
607
00:38:22,534 --> 00:38:24,968
Yet today, they lie in ruins.
608
00:38:27,339 --> 00:38:32,509
What finally destroys these
once-proud monuments?
609
00:38:32,511 --> 00:38:34,177
Over thousands of years,
610
00:38:34,179 --> 00:38:39,015
Sandstorms erode
the weaker pyramids,
611
00:38:39,017 --> 00:38:41,318
But a hidden force
must be responsible
612
00:38:41,320 --> 00:38:45,755
For the destruction
of the remaining structures.
613
00:38:45,757 --> 00:38:49,159
At his quarry workshop,
adel kelany looks for clues
614
00:38:49,161 --> 00:38:52,595
Among the photographic archives
of meroe.
615
00:38:52,597 --> 00:38:56,900
Curious marks on sandstone
blocks found among the pyramids
616
00:38:56,902 --> 00:38:59,703
Could be evidence
of malicious human activity.
617
00:39:17,856 --> 00:39:20,223
The two rows of opposing
holes suggest
618
00:39:20,225 --> 00:39:24,427
That this game
is played for centuries.
619
00:39:24,429 --> 00:39:28,031
To investigate, adel chisels
out a sandstone block.
620
00:39:39,311 --> 00:39:42,278
Mancala is a game known to be
played by soldiers
621
00:39:42,280 --> 00:39:46,716
On expeditions to sudan
in the 19th century.
622
00:39:46,718 --> 00:39:48,251
Their presence could be proof
623
00:39:48,253 --> 00:39:50,854
That the pyramids of meroe
are looted.
624
00:40:01,867 --> 00:40:04,834
On an expedition in 1834,
625
00:40:04,836 --> 00:40:07,370
Italian treasure hunter
giuseppe ferlini
626
00:40:07,372 --> 00:40:12,208
Is known to have visited meroe
with a unit of soldiers.
627
00:40:12,210 --> 00:40:15,378
His excavation notes reveal
a scandal that many believe
628
00:40:15,380 --> 00:40:18,782
Leads to the obliteration
of the final pyramids at meroe.
629
00:40:22,954 --> 00:40:24,454
In search of gold,
630
00:40:24,456 --> 00:40:30,326
Ferlini destroys the top of
queen amanishakheto's pyramid
631
00:40:30,328 --> 00:40:33,897
And finds nothing.
632
00:40:33,899 --> 00:40:38,134
Then he discovers a tomb
beneath the pyramid and,
633
00:40:38,136 --> 00:40:42,071
Inside it, the queen's body,
covered in gold.
634
00:40:44,943 --> 00:40:49,279
After looting the treasure,
ferlini sets up a false trail,
635
00:40:49,281 --> 00:40:52,782
Declaring that he found gold
in the pyramid itself.
636
00:40:55,487 --> 00:40:58,721
Treasure hunters rip down
the remaining pyramids,
637
00:40:58,723 --> 00:41:02,125
Destroying a 2,000-year-old
necropolis.
638
00:41:06,865 --> 00:41:11,100
The pyramids of meroe
are a window on their creators,
639
00:41:11,102 --> 00:41:13,770
A people who build
a great civilization
640
00:41:13,772 --> 00:41:15,872
And conquer all of egypt.
641
00:41:15,874 --> 00:41:19,075
Naunton: The kingdom of kush
is a hugely powerful kingdom,
642
00:41:19,077 --> 00:41:21,845
Important politically,
mighty militarily,
643
00:41:21,847 --> 00:41:23,413
Great in building achievements.
644
00:41:23,415 --> 00:41:25,715
It really deserves
to be much better known.
645
00:41:28,687 --> 00:41:32,689
Narrator: The people of kush
are master engineers
646
00:41:32,691 --> 00:41:36,960
Who build a landscape
of mysterious pyramids
647
00:41:36,962 --> 00:41:39,662
Funded by a pioneering
gold trade.
648
00:41:41,666 --> 00:41:46,369
Through a dramatic relationship
with ancient egypt,
649
00:41:46,371 --> 00:41:49,038
They become rulers
of the greatest civilization
650
00:41:49,040 --> 00:41:54,244
On the planet
as the black pharaohs of egypt.
651
00:41:54,246 --> 00:41:59,082
The kushites: Africa's great
lost civilization.
652
00:41:59,084 --> 00:42:08,791
♪
653
00:42:08,793 --> 00:42:18,468
♪
654
00:42:18,470 --> 00:42:28,144
♪
60493
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