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Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:40,732 --> 00:00:49,066 Warning: Some violent scenes. Subs synched by Kato Boii Hump Hump 2 00:00:52,691 --> 00:00:57,025 I gave every part of my youth to do a job 3 00:00:57,025 --> 00:01:00,525 and to go through a savage war. 4 00:01:00,525 --> 00:01:04,025 It was a different war from year to year, and one's reactions 5 00:01:04,025 --> 00:01:05,859 were completely different. 6 00:01:05,859 --> 00:01:10,484 The intensity changed so much that anybody who'd been out in 1914 7 00:01:10,484 --> 00:01:12,526 and went home and came back in 1917, 8 00:01:12,526 --> 00:01:15,859 wouldn't recognise it as the same war. 9 00:01:15,859 --> 00:01:18,610 I can only say one thing, I wouldn't have missed it. 10 00:01:18,610 --> 00:01:21,651 It was terrible at times, but I wouldn't have missed it. 11 00:01:21,651 --> 00:01:25,443 Oh, yes, if I could have my time again, I'd go through it 12 00:01:25,443 --> 00:01:28,110 all over again because I enjoyed the service life. 13 00:01:28,110 --> 00:01:32,069 I could only say that I have never been so excited in my life, 14 00:01:32,069 --> 00:01:35,652 this was like a boy going to the play the first time. 15 00:01:35,652 --> 00:01:38,819 I never realised there was anything unusual about it. 16 00:01:38,819 --> 00:01:42,319 There was a job to be done and you just go on and did it. 17 00:01:42,319 --> 00:01:45,444 We were all instilled with the idea that this was war 18 00:01:45,444 --> 00:01:49,278 and that we've got to kill the Germans, and this is how we looked 19 00:01:49,278 --> 00:01:50,778 at the thing. 20 00:01:50,778 --> 00:01:53,403 I don't regret having experienced it. 21 00:01:53,403 --> 00:01:56,987 I wish I hadn't, but I don't regret it because I'm safe. 22 00:01:56,987 --> 00:01:58,487 HE LAUGHS 23 00:01:58,487 --> 00:02:00,779 There were good times and bad times in France. 24 00:02:00,779 --> 00:02:02,904 But you took the rough with the smooth. 25 00:02:02,904 --> 00:02:06,946 I was twice wounded and gassed, but it was just war and you made 26 00:02:06,946 --> 00:02:08,696 the best of it. 27 00:02:08,696 --> 00:02:11,154 Just took it in its stride, like everybody else. 28 00:02:11,154 --> 00:02:14,029 We were glad to be in it and we expected it to be rough, 29 00:02:14,029 --> 00:02:17,321 and it WAS rough, but we didn't complain. 30 00:02:17,321 --> 00:02:19,696 There was no real excitement about it. 31 00:02:19,696 --> 00:02:23,321 You'd seen death so many times, you'd seen wounded so many times, 32 00:02:23,321 --> 00:02:24,947 blood didn't excite you. 33 00:02:24,947 --> 00:02:29,155 We were professionals and to us it was just a job of work. 34 00:02:29,155 --> 00:02:33,739 It would be a fallacy to say that one enjoyed it, 35 00:02:33,739 --> 00:02:36,906 but one got afterwards a nice, warm inner feeling that 36 00:02:36,906 --> 00:02:38,447 one had been some use. 37 00:02:38,447 --> 00:02:40,906 It didn't affect me very much because I wasn't 38 00:02:40,906 --> 00:02:43,698 sufficiently open in the ways of the world, I was only a kid, 39 00:02:43,698 --> 00:02:45,614 like other blokes there. 40 00:02:45,614 --> 00:02:48,739 It was more like a great big game to be enjoyed, 41 00:02:48,739 --> 00:02:52,448 apart from the actual killing and all that sort of thing. 42 00:02:52,448 --> 00:02:53,990 It made me a man. 43 00:02:53,990 --> 00:02:55,407 Yes, it did. 44 00:02:55,407 --> 00:02:57,865 I don't think I should have ever been the man I am if it 45 00:02:57,865 --> 00:02:59,823 hadn't been for having to serve. 46 00:02:59,823 --> 00:03:03,032 You'd learn to look after yourself. 47 00:03:03,032 --> 00:03:07,199 Whereas in your civilian life, your mother did all the chores. 48 00:03:07,199 --> 00:03:09,574 You've got to learn how to cook for yourself, 49 00:03:09,574 --> 00:03:12,241 darn your own socks, sew on your own buttons 50 00:03:12,241 --> 00:03:14,033 and all the things like that. 51 00:03:14,033 --> 00:03:15,783 It was just a day's work. 52 00:03:15,783 --> 00:03:19,324 I knew that I was not alone, I knew I wasn't fighting the war 53 00:03:19,324 --> 00:03:22,950 by myself and that what happened to other people might happen to me. 54 00:03:22,950 --> 00:03:24,866 I had no regrets at all. 55 00:03:24,866 --> 00:03:27,617 But, you see, I had no wife, no girl, no nothing. 56 00:03:27,617 --> 00:03:29,908 No regrets, no horrors... 57 00:03:31,700 --> 00:03:34,950 ..because if you survive that, you can survive anything. 58 00:03:45,868 --> 00:03:48,118 We was aware that there was sort of a nasty feeling 59 00:03:48,118 --> 00:03:50,118 between England and Germany. 60 00:03:50,118 --> 00:03:52,993 We knew of the Kaiser's ambition to expand his empire 61 00:03:52,993 --> 00:03:55,451 and all that sort of thing. 62 00:03:55,451 --> 00:03:59,368 During that summer, there was a lot of talk about trouble 63 00:03:59,368 --> 00:04:01,785 going on in the Balkans, but we were a long way 64 00:04:01,785 --> 00:04:05,369 from the Balkans and it didn't worry us at all. 65 00:04:05,369 --> 00:04:07,702 It was that Serbia business, wasn't it? 66 00:04:07,702 --> 00:04:10,077 Serbia, when that chap was shot. 67 00:04:10,077 --> 00:04:13,119 I was paying attention to politics and I realised 68 00:04:13,119 --> 00:04:16,786 that there was going to be trouble between England and Germany. 69 00:04:16,786 --> 00:04:20,119 It was a lovely August the 4th morning. 70 00:04:20,119 --> 00:04:23,286 We were all seated around the table and we were starting 71 00:04:23,286 --> 00:04:25,536 the Rugby football dinner with the German team. 72 00:04:25,536 --> 00:04:28,162 There was a German here, next to him was an Englishman, 73 00:04:28,162 --> 00:04:30,537 and next to him was a German, and so on and so on. 74 00:04:30,537 --> 00:04:33,912 And a runner arrived into the middle of this dinner 75 00:04:33,912 --> 00:04:37,412 with extraordinary news of outbreak of war. 76 00:04:37,412 --> 00:04:40,454 There was a big placard - "War declared on Germany." 77 00:04:40,454 --> 00:04:42,746 We didn't know what we ought to do. 78 00:04:42,746 --> 00:04:44,829 Whether we got to seize a knife off the table 79 00:04:44,829 --> 00:04:47,663 and plunge it into the German or what! 80 00:04:47,663 --> 00:04:50,871 But, after a little bit of discussion, we decided 81 00:04:50,871 --> 00:04:54,830 that as far as we were concerned, the war was going to start tomorrow, 82 00:04:54,830 --> 00:04:57,163 and the party proceeded. 83 00:05:00,247 --> 00:05:03,164 I'm proud of being a British hero. I mean, I think we're as good 84 00:05:03,164 --> 00:05:04,580 a country as any in the world 85 00:05:04,580 --> 00:05:07,205 and you've got to be prepared to fight for that. 86 00:05:07,205 --> 00:05:08,955 There's no doubt about it - 87 00:05:08,955 --> 00:05:12,872 in the First World War, we prepared for war. 88 00:05:12,872 --> 00:05:16,623 The empire was strong, we weren't afraid of anyone. 89 00:05:16,623 --> 00:05:19,873 Everybody bought little buttons and white flags and sang songs, 90 00:05:19,873 --> 00:05:22,956 there was no feeling of despair about it at all. 91 00:05:22,956 --> 00:05:26,581 England couldn't possibly lose, no matter how many Germans pushed 92 00:05:26,581 --> 00:05:29,457 how many Englishmen into the Channel, that they'd get no further. 93 00:05:29,457 --> 00:05:31,707 We couldn't possibly lose. 94 00:05:31,707 --> 00:05:35,957 We were brought up to think that one Englishman was worth ten Germans. 95 00:05:35,957 --> 00:05:39,665 I thought that any enemy of England was an enemy of mine 96 00:05:39,665 --> 00:05:41,374 and I wanted to be in it. 97 00:05:41,374 --> 00:05:43,916 Oh, 6 months or 12 months, it would be all over 98 00:05:43,916 --> 00:05:45,999 and Bob's your uncle. 99 00:05:45,999 --> 00:05:48,499 I went with a friend of mine to Shepherd's Bush Empire 100 00:05:48,499 --> 00:05:51,416 to see the picture show there and they showed the fleet 101 00:05:51,416 --> 00:05:55,500 saving the high seas and played "Britons never shall be slaves", 102 00:05:55,500 --> 00:05:58,125 and one feels that little shiver run up their back and you know 103 00:05:58,125 --> 00:05:59,875 you've got to do something. 104 00:05:59,875 --> 00:06:02,583 A friend of mine said to me, "We're going to join up." 105 00:06:02,583 --> 00:06:05,084 It was from the patriotic point of view, 106 00:06:05,084 --> 00:06:10,209 and from the general excitement of the whole affair, I suppose. 107 00:06:10,209 --> 00:06:13,501 I didn't believe in war to that extent, but I was prepared 108 00:06:13,501 --> 00:06:15,584 to do my part. 109 00:06:15,584 --> 00:06:18,959 You see, in those days, men weren't to think for themselves, 110 00:06:18,959 --> 00:06:22,710 they just had to do what they were told and that's all there was to it. 111 00:06:22,710 --> 00:06:25,960 Oh, my mother was very aggrieved about it. 112 00:06:25,960 --> 00:06:29,377 But, you know, a young man, you decide you're going to go. 113 00:06:29,377 --> 00:06:33,168 At lunchtime, I left the office, went along to Armoury House 114 00:06:33,168 --> 00:06:36,544 and there was a queue of about 1,000 people trying to enlist. 115 00:06:36,544 --> 00:06:38,752 Everybody thought it would be a civilised war 116 00:06:38,752 --> 00:06:41,127 and wanted to be fit enough to go. 117 00:06:41,127 --> 00:06:43,794 Two of us decided to join up together, and when we told 118 00:06:43,794 --> 00:06:46,086 the boss we were going to start training on Monday, 119 00:06:46,086 --> 00:06:47,461 he was very annoyed. 120 00:06:47,461 --> 00:06:50,128 He didn't make any promise at all that our jobs would be there 121 00:06:50,128 --> 00:06:51,544 when we got back. 122 00:06:51,544 --> 00:06:55,003 My mother, she said, "You wait until you're 19." 123 00:06:55,003 --> 00:06:58,545 See, that was the age in those days, 19 to 35. 124 00:06:58,545 --> 00:07:00,878 Well, it was supposed to be. 125 00:07:00,878 --> 00:07:02,795 We were all lads together, you know, 126 00:07:02,795 --> 00:07:04,295 full of excitement 127 00:07:04,295 --> 00:07:05,879 and all this kind of thing. 128 00:07:05,879 --> 00:07:07,295 I mean, I just wanted 129 00:07:07,295 --> 00:07:08,754 to have a go at Jerry. 130 00:07:08,754 --> 00:07:11,462 I just thought that I'd like to go and fight for the country. 131 00:07:11,462 --> 00:07:14,421 This was the thing, you were proud of your country 132 00:07:14,421 --> 00:07:16,171 and you'd do the best you could for it. 133 00:07:16,171 --> 00:07:19,004 And this was what most of the young people thought of doing 134 00:07:19,004 --> 00:07:20,588 in those days. 135 00:07:20,588 --> 00:07:24,005 My mother, she said to me, "Look, we could stop you doing this 136 00:07:24,005 --> 00:07:25,588 "because of your age." 137 00:07:25,588 --> 00:07:29,296 I said, "Yes, I know you could, Mother, but I'm sure you won't." 138 00:07:29,296 --> 00:07:31,047 Which they never did. 139 00:07:31,047 --> 00:07:34,422 I just felt that all the young fellows of that age 140 00:07:34,422 --> 00:07:35,797 were volunteering 141 00:07:35,797 --> 00:07:37,964 and I thought it was my job to do the same. 142 00:07:37,964 --> 00:07:40,839 I was desperately keen and a whole heap of us were. 143 00:07:40,839 --> 00:07:42,756 I said, "Direct enlistment, please." 144 00:07:42,756 --> 00:07:44,256 They were highly delighted 145 00:07:44,256 --> 00:07:46,631 and pushed me in as quick as lightning. 146 00:07:46,631 --> 00:07:49,464 Lots of the lads were joining the local regiments, 147 00:07:49,464 --> 00:07:51,423 like the Bucks and the Middlesex. 148 00:07:51,423 --> 00:07:53,631 Lads that I knew and had been to school with, 149 00:07:53,631 --> 00:07:55,506 played football and cricket with, 150 00:07:55,506 --> 00:07:58,090 we joined up, hoping for the best. 151 00:07:58,090 --> 00:08:00,673 We were good friends, comrades 152 00:08:00,673 --> 00:08:04,840 and it was a relief from rather boring jobs at home, you see. 153 00:08:04,840 --> 00:08:08,090 I was walking down the Camden Town high street, 154 00:08:08,090 --> 00:08:12,299 when two young ladies approached me, "Why aren't you in the Army?" 155 00:08:12,299 --> 00:08:14,174 I said, "I'm only 17." 156 00:08:14,174 --> 00:08:16,091 "Oh, they all say that here." 157 00:08:16,091 --> 00:08:19,674 And to my amazement, she put her hand in her bag 158 00:08:19,674 --> 00:08:22,841 and I put my hand up to sort of safeguard myself, 159 00:08:22,841 --> 00:08:26,633 and this white feather finished up my nose. 160 00:08:26,633 --> 00:08:30,925 As we marched to the station, some of the chaps had bowler hats, 161 00:08:30,925 --> 00:08:35,342 some had straw hats, some had the regulation peaked Army cap. 162 00:08:35,342 --> 00:08:37,759 Some would have tunics, some would be dressed 163 00:08:37,759 --> 00:08:41,300 with their ordinary jackets with a pair of Army trousers. 164 00:08:41,300 --> 00:08:43,801 Some had Army boots, some didn't. 165 00:08:43,801 --> 00:08:46,467 And we really were a motley throng. 166 00:08:46,467 --> 00:08:48,926 Some of them were obviously chaps who had hoped to live 167 00:08:48,926 --> 00:08:51,801 in some comfort and brought suitcases with clothes with them, 168 00:08:51,801 --> 00:08:53,259 which they never saw again. 169 00:08:53,259 --> 00:08:55,176 We had to all get our hair cut. 170 00:08:55,176 --> 00:08:56,468 "How would you like it, sir?" 171 00:08:56,468 --> 00:08:58,760 And you'd say, "Short back and sides." 172 00:08:58,760 --> 00:09:01,052 But the answer was, straight over the top 173 00:09:01,052 --> 00:09:04,968 with horse clippers, and we looked more like convicts than soldiers. 174 00:09:04,968 --> 00:09:07,219 As soon as war broke out, there was a call made 175 00:09:07,219 --> 00:09:09,385 for all ex-soldiers to rejoin, 176 00:09:09,385 --> 00:09:12,135 and they made them sergeants straight away. 177 00:09:12,135 --> 00:09:15,261 So you got a lot of instructors that way. 178 00:09:15,261 --> 00:09:18,427 The people who really carried us through was the old sweats 179 00:09:18,427 --> 00:09:22,761 who'd had previous war experience and gave us a lot of wise advice 180 00:09:22,761 --> 00:09:26,136 as to what to look for and what to dodge. 181 00:09:26,136 --> 00:09:30,553 We were ordered down onto the parade ground and then we were allotted 182 00:09:30,553 --> 00:09:33,095 to different platoons. 183 00:09:33,095 --> 00:09:36,803 When they came to us, they were weedy, sallow, 184 00:09:36,803 --> 00:09:40,137 skinny, frightened children. 185 00:09:40,137 --> 00:09:44,221 The refuse of our industrial system and they were in very poor condition 186 00:09:44,221 --> 00:09:46,471 and had to be made into soldiers. 187 00:09:46,471 --> 00:09:50,471 Many of us had given our wrong ages to join the Army. 188 00:09:50,471 --> 00:09:53,054 The agent walked down the lines and gave an order, 189 00:09:53,054 --> 00:09:58,555 "Every man under the age of 19 should take two paces forward." 190 00:09:58,555 --> 00:10:01,055 Nobody moved. 191 00:10:01,055 --> 00:10:05,013 I was a lad of 17 and they'd probably say I wasn't 19, 192 00:10:05,013 --> 00:10:07,555 which you had to be to join up. 193 00:10:07,555 --> 00:10:10,972 But he says, "How long do you want to sign on for?" 194 00:10:10,972 --> 00:10:14,264 Everyone else was joining up so I called into the recruitment office 195 00:10:14,264 --> 00:10:17,222 and he said to me, "How old are you?" I said, "17, sir." 196 00:10:17,222 --> 00:10:20,556 Well, he said, "Go outside and come back and say you are 18." 197 00:10:20,556 --> 00:10:23,639 So of course, I went outside and said we were 18. 198 00:10:23,639 --> 00:10:25,514 I was straight up there. 199 00:10:25,514 --> 00:10:28,223 The Sergeant said, "How old are you?" 200 00:10:28,223 --> 00:10:29,556 I said, "I'm 18 and one month." 201 00:10:29,556 --> 00:10:31,848 He said, "Do you mean 19 and one month? 202 00:10:31,848 --> 00:10:33,848 So I thought for a moment, I said, "Yes, sir." 203 00:10:33,848 --> 00:10:35,807 He said, "Right, sign here, please." 204 00:10:35,807 --> 00:10:39,432 He asked me how old I was and I said I was 16 in March. 205 00:10:39,432 --> 00:10:41,140 He said, "You're too young, 206 00:10:41,140 --> 00:10:43,765 "you better go outside and have a birthday." 207 00:10:43,765 --> 00:10:47,016 I was 16 years old in 1917 208 00:10:47,016 --> 00:10:51,974 and I was six foot two tall and my father allowed me to go. 209 00:10:51,974 --> 00:10:55,183 So I entered my age as 19 years old, 210 00:10:55,183 --> 00:10:58,683 three years older than what I really was. 211 00:10:58,683 --> 00:11:03,267 I was 15 years, just 2½ years short of 18, 212 00:11:03,267 --> 00:11:06,892 and I got before this medical officer, who said, 213 00:11:06,892 --> 00:11:09,475 "All right, you pass." 214 00:11:09,475 --> 00:11:13,434 I had just turned 17 at the time and I went up to Whitehall 215 00:11:13,434 --> 00:11:16,309 and enlisted in the 16th Lancers. 216 00:11:16,309 --> 00:11:19,726 I was 15 and I thought I'd have a better chance 217 00:11:19,726 --> 00:11:21,518 than when I were 14. 218 00:11:21,518 --> 00:11:25,434 So I walked into the barracks and just said, "I'm 18," 219 00:11:25,434 --> 00:11:26,934 and that was it. 220 00:11:26,934 --> 00:11:30,351 My parents wrote to the commanding officer and asked for me, 221 00:11:30,351 --> 00:11:32,143 as I was underage, to be released. 222 00:11:32,143 --> 00:11:36,060 And he said, "Your parents want you back - do you want to go?" 223 00:11:36,060 --> 00:11:37,560 I said no. 224 00:11:39,018 --> 00:11:42,144 The chaplain asked me my age, and I said I was 16. 225 00:11:42,144 --> 00:11:47,019 He said, "Much too young. Would you like me to pray for you?" 226 00:11:52,186 --> 00:11:56,061 The clothing came piecemeal into the quartermaster stores. 227 00:11:58,103 --> 00:12:01,270 One lad said, "These boots don't fit me." 228 00:12:01,270 --> 00:12:04,062 And the quartermaster said, "There isn't such a thing as boots 229 00:12:04,062 --> 00:12:06,353 "that don't fit in the Army, it's your feet that don't 230 00:12:06,353 --> 00:12:07,728 "fit the boots." 231 00:12:07,728 --> 00:12:11,687 Some men would find a tunic to fit them or perhaps 232 00:12:11,687 --> 00:12:13,187 a pair of trousers. 233 00:12:13,187 --> 00:12:16,437 And so it went on for nearly a fortnight. 234 00:12:16,437 --> 00:12:17,937 Just one uniform. 235 00:12:17,937 --> 00:12:22,146 I was in the Army nearly four years, I only had one uniform. 236 00:12:22,146 --> 00:12:25,021 We were all issued with these famous puttees, 237 00:12:25,021 --> 00:12:28,438 which were news to all of us, and I personally could never quite 238 00:12:28,438 --> 00:12:30,980 master the putting on of puttees. 239 00:12:30,980 --> 00:12:35,188 The main reason for puttees were to support the legs in marching. 240 00:12:35,188 --> 00:12:38,938 I was issued with a kilt but nothing to wear underneath it, 241 00:12:38,938 --> 00:12:41,439 and I was given a slip of paper to say, 242 00:12:41,439 --> 00:12:44,647 "This man has not been issued with underpants." 243 00:12:44,647 --> 00:12:47,231 I was given strict instructions that I couldn't ride on top 244 00:12:47,231 --> 00:12:50,314 of the tram car, had to ride downstairs. 245 00:12:52,231 --> 00:12:55,898 Now, the pack was for everything that you own. 246 00:12:55,898 --> 00:13:00,273 The overcoat had to be folded very, very neatly and tightly. 247 00:13:00,273 --> 00:13:03,648 There was a needle, thread, spare buttons, knife, 248 00:13:03,648 --> 00:13:11,024 fork, spoon, razor, shaving brush, toothbrush and also a half-pint mug. 249 00:13:11,024 --> 00:13:16,440 One spare shirt and one spare pair of socks, and that was your kit. 250 00:13:16,440 --> 00:13:19,982 The Army razor with which we were issued was absolutely useless, 251 00:13:19,982 --> 00:13:23,233 but it came in handy for cutting up meat and so forth. 252 00:13:23,233 --> 00:13:26,358 The toothbrush, that came in handy for cleaning buttons. 253 00:13:26,358 --> 00:13:29,066 But one of the peculiarities about the Army was that, 254 00:13:29,066 --> 00:13:31,816 though it was a crime to have dirty buttons, 255 00:13:31,816 --> 00:13:34,066 you were never issued with the materials to clean 256 00:13:34,066 --> 00:13:36,650 the buttons, you had to buy them yourself. 257 00:13:36,650 --> 00:13:40,692 We were awakened by the bugle, which sounded Reveille. 258 00:13:40,692 --> 00:13:43,609 Wash, shave, pack your bed up and pack your kit. 259 00:13:43,609 --> 00:13:48,109 About half past six, and you would have an hour, PT before breakfast. 260 00:13:48,109 --> 00:13:52,442 Press-ups and physical exercises, arms upward stretch. 261 00:13:52,442 --> 00:13:56,109 They knew you were fresh and they tried to take it by stages, 262 00:13:56,109 --> 00:13:59,026 there wasn't any bullying or anything like that. 263 00:13:59,026 --> 00:14:02,943 Breakfast consisted of bread, butter, 264 00:14:02,943 --> 00:14:06,068 one rasher of Lance Corporal Bacon. 265 00:14:06,068 --> 00:14:08,902 It was streaky bacon, it had one stripe in it. 266 00:14:08,902 --> 00:14:11,693 Well, there was jam and they seemed to make nothing 267 00:14:11,693 --> 00:14:13,652 but plum and apple, you know? 268 00:14:13,652 --> 00:14:16,985 If you got any other kind, it was a celebration event. 269 00:14:18,694 --> 00:14:21,819 There were the Bruce Bairnsfather cartoons depicting that, 270 00:14:21,819 --> 00:14:24,069 handing him a tin of plum and apple jam. 271 00:14:24,069 --> 00:14:26,111 "When the 'ell is it going to be strawberry?" 272 00:14:26,111 --> 00:14:28,028 It was wonderful, that jam. 273 00:14:28,028 --> 00:14:31,611 Tickler's, the jam manufacturers, 274 00:14:31,611 --> 00:14:35,903 they must have made millions of tins of P&A, plum and apple. 275 00:14:35,903 --> 00:14:39,695 # Oh, oh, oh, it's a lovely war 276 00:14:39,695 --> 00:14:42,445 # What do we want with eggs and ham 277 00:14:42,445 --> 00:14:46,029 # When we've got bags of Tickler's Jam? # 278 00:14:46,029 --> 00:14:49,821 And then it would be parade time and the Sergeant would take over 279 00:14:49,821 --> 00:14:52,987 and you'd have a whole morning of marching 280 00:14:52,987 --> 00:14:55,404 and you would learn all commands, 281 00:14:55,404 --> 00:14:58,654 such as "about turn" and all that sort of thing. 282 00:14:58,654 --> 00:15:02,321 Having been in the Boy Scouts, it was dead easy to me. 283 00:15:02,321 --> 00:15:04,696 When you get the order "right dress", 284 00:15:04,696 --> 00:15:07,530 you turn your head only, to the right. 285 00:15:07,530 --> 00:15:09,738 Some of them managed to turn left, 286 00:15:09,738 --> 00:15:12,863 which didn't exactly please the drill Sergeant. 287 00:15:12,863 --> 00:15:15,155 We were all youngsters, we'd come from 288 00:15:15,155 --> 00:15:17,697 fairly sheltered lives and so forth. 289 00:15:17,697 --> 00:15:22,072 This Sergeant of ours was the loudmouth shouting type. 290 00:15:22,072 --> 00:15:27,031 Coming up against military discipline was a shock, 291 00:15:27,031 --> 00:15:31,406 being chased around from pillar to post by disciplinarian NCOs. 292 00:15:31,406 --> 00:15:33,531 Some of the sergeants were shockers. 293 00:15:33,531 --> 00:15:36,906 They would cause a lot of trouble if you were out of step 294 00:15:36,906 --> 00:15:39,865 or if you didn't keep time, or if you didn't handle 295 00:15:39,865 --> 00:15:41,657 your rifle properly. 296 00:15:41,657 --> 00:15:44,032 They were always having a go at you. 297 00:15:44,032 --> 00:15:46,449 Most of them were all right, the shouting meant nothing, 298 00:15:46,449 --> 00:15:48,365 but some of them never lost it. 299 00:15:48,365 --> 00:15:53,407 One night I'd gone to bed and this pot was brought round to my bed 300 00:15:53,407 --> 00:15:56,533 and they said, "Oh, you want to do a piss?" 301 00:15:56,533 --> 00:15:58,783 So I did the business in the pot. 302 00:15:58,783 --> 00:16:01,449 They'd rested this big, huge pot 303 00:16:01,449 --> 00:16:04,450 which contained gallons, on the door. 304 00:16:04,450 --> 00:16:08,825 And when this Sergeant came along to see that everybody 305 00:16:08,825 --> 00:16:11,242 was in bed, this thing turned up and he was drenched 306 00:16:11,242 --> 00:16:13,450 from top to bottom in fluid! 307 00:16:13,450 --> 00:16:15,742 HE LAUGHS 308 00:16:15,742 --> 00:16:18,825 First of all, I was full of enthusiasm. 309 00:16:18,825 --> 00:16:21,909 But after about the first week, I wished I hadn't done it. 310 00:16:21,909 --> 00:16:25,534 Because the discipline was so strict that I was beginning to get 311 00:16:25,534 --> 00:16:28,534 a little bit nervous as to what was in store. 312 00:16:28,534 --> 00:16:31,034 We weren't out dancing, anything like that. 313 00:16:31,034 --> 00:16:32,785 We were getting ready for a war. 314 00:16:32,785 --> 00:16:37,493 The thing was, you were in the Army, you had to do as you were told. 315 00:16:37,493 --> 00:16:41,660 You had one master, or dozens, but you just had to get on with it 316 00:16:41,660 --> 00:16:43,077 and that was it. 317 00:16:43,077 --> 00:16:45,244 I did find that right through the Army, 318 00:16:45,244 --> 00:16:48,077 if you behaved yourself, you'd nothing much to fear. 319 00:16:48,077 --> 00:16:50,077 This was quite a new world to us. 320 00:16:50,077 --> 00:16:52,536 I mean, you can imagine. I came out of civilian life, 321 00:16:52,536 --> 00:16:54,827 like all the others did, and we weren't in a position 322 00:16:54,827 --> 00:16:56,953 to argue or object. 323 00:16:56,953 --> 00:16:59,578 It was just a matter of doing what we were told. 324 00:16:59,578 --> 00:17:00,953 I liked it. 325 00:17:00,953 --> 00:17:04,703 I liked to be told what I had to do because there was a reason 326 00:17:04,703 --> 00:17:08,953 for doing it, and later on I realised that was the best training 327 00:17:08,953 --> 00:17:10,578 you could have. 328 00:17:10,578 --> 00:17:13,953 The first week, our route march would be ten miles, 329 00:17:13,953 --> 00:17:17,079 the second week it would be 12, and so on and so on. 330 00:17:17,079 --> 00:17:21,496 It intensified, because it's of the utmost importance 331 00:17:21,496 --> 00:17:25,329 that the infantry soldiers could march with a full kit. 332 00:17:25,329 --> 00:17:28,246 What you had to carry was 109 lbs. 333 00:17:28,246 --> 00:17:31,871 The marching was easy for me, but quite a lot of chaps 334 00:17:31,871 --> 00:17:35,496 who were in sedentary jobs found it pretty hard. 335 00:17:35,496 --> 00:17:40,830 It numbed and cramped my muscles on my thighs and calves 336 00:17:40,830 --> 00:17:43,830 until they hurt very much indeed. 337 00:17:43,830 --> 00:17:45,997 Oh, those Army boots. 338 00:17:45,997 --> 00:17:47,497 I could have cried. 339 00:17:47,497 --> 00:17:53,081 My feet and ankles with those heavy Army boots after civilian shoes. 340 00:17:53,081 --> 00:17:56,956 So to get your boots made pliable, you used to urinate in them 341 00:17:56,956 --> 00:17:59,081 and leave it overnight. 342 00:17:59,081 --> 00:18:03,831 Quite a lot of men were clerks or they worked in shops, 343 00:18:03,831 --> 00:18:08,206 and the very nature of their calling didn't make for fitness. 344 00:18:08,206 --> 00:18:11,623 Well, they sent me to hospital and they gave me the cure 345 00:18:11,623 --> 00:18:16,790 for hookworm and I found that I could stand the drill after that. 346 00:18:16,790 --> 00:18:19,582 They used to march us all round the West End. 347 00:18:19,582 --> 00:18:23,832 Crowds used to foregather, and some of the poor, deluded ones 348 00:18:23,832 --> 00:18:27,207 fell for the con trick and lined up behind us 349 00:18:27,207 --> 00:18:29,833 and we used to march them all down to Chelsea barracks, 350 00:18:29,833 --> 00:18:31,291 where they got signed up. 351 00:18:33,874 --> 00:18:37,083 Lunch would consist of inedible stew. 352 00:18:37,083 --> 00:18:41,250 Now, you must remember the chaps in the cookhouse were by no means 353 00:18:41,250 --> 00:18:43,792 experienced cooks, but anybody can make a stew, 354 00:18:43,792 --> 00:18:45,625 and that's what they did. 355 00:18:45,625 --> 00:18:50,667 Sometimes we got a bit of plum duff and milk puddings and tapioca rice. 356 00:18:50,667 --> 00:18:53,417 It was the good old-fashioned, plain stuff 357 00:18:53,417 --> 00:18:55,042 that I was brought up on. 358 00:18:55,042 --> 00:18:57,376 I had no complaint about it. 359 00:18:57,376 --> 00:19:02,584 In the afternoon, it could be a lecture on Vickers machine guns. 360 00:19:02,584 --> 00:19:06,085 We used to strip the machinegun right down 361 00:19:06,085 --> 00:19:08,001 and put it together again. 362 00:19:08,001 --> 00:19:11,710 And, luckily, I seemed to cotton on to that quite quickly. 363 00:19:11,710 --> 00:19:14,752 We were always told the man's best friend is his rifle, 364 00:19:14,752 --> 00:19:16,460 and it was. 365 00:19:16,460 --> 00:19:21,002 Our rifle was a short Lee-Enfield, a very good rifle indeed. 366 00:19:21,002 --> 00:19:22,835 A real sturdy rifle. 367 00:19:22,835 --> 00:19:27,127 You had your ammunition pouches on both sides of the chest, 368 00:19:27,127 --> 00:19:29,336 to counterbalance the weight of the pack, 369 00:19:29,336 --> 00:19:34,294 and those pouches carried 150 rounds of .303 ammunition. 370 00:19:34,294 --> 00:19:36,961 We were supposed to hold the rifle up in one hand, 371 00:19:36,961 --> 00:19:39,545 but I could never hold a rifle properly. 372 00:19:39,545 --> 00:19:42,295 My right wrist wouldn't hold it up. 373 00:19:42,295 --> 00:19:45,295 I'd never fired a rifle in my life, but on the first day we went 374 00:19:45,295 --> 00:19:46,670 onto the rifle range, 375 00:19:46,670 --> 00:19:49,254 and it was amazing the bull's-eyes I was getting. 376 00:19:49,254 --> 00:19:53,045 So, the next thing, I was made a first-class rifleman. 377 00:19:53,045 --> 00:19:55,504 Above all, we learned rapid-fire. 378 00:19:55,504 --> 00:19:59,129 Ten rounds, get those ten rounds onto the target in one minute. 379 00:19:59,129 --> 00:20:01,296 It was known as "the mad minute". 380 00:20:01,296 --> 00:20:04,754 I'd never seen a dead man or anything of that kind, 381 00:20:04,754 --> 00:20:07,505 and I wondered, if it came to my shooting a man, 382 00:20:07,505 --> 00:20:09,546 whether I would be able to do this. 383 00:20:09,546 --> 00:20:12,547 Plunge the bayonet into the sack, shout like hell. 384 00:20:12,547 --> 00:20:14,880 And they would tell you where to put your bayonet. 385 00:20:14,880 --> 00:20:17,380 Either into his left shoulder, his right shoulder, 386 00:20:17,380 --> 00:20:19,505 in the chest or in the body. 387 00:20:19,505 --> 00:20:21,714 We was told to make as much noise as we could. 388 00:20:21,714 --> 00:20:23,880 I think that was to frighten the enemy. 389 00:20:23,880 --> 00:20:27,547 It didn't seem to me to be a likely thing to do, but we used to shout. 390 00:20:27,547 --> 00:20:30,714 When you train as a division, there's 12 battalions, 391 00:20:30,714 --> 00:20:33,839 there's roughly 12,000 men who are on the move, 392 00:20:33,839 --> 00:20:37,756 and you're a very small cog in a big wheel. 393 00:20:37,756 --> 00:20:40,840 Saturday mornings we were let off, but we had to do 394 00:20:40,840 --> 00:20:42,507 sometimes barrack duties. 395 00:20:42,507 --> 00:20:45,965 And then, on Sundays, we were all marched down to church. 396 00:20:45,965 --> 00:20:48,674 It didn't matter what religion you were, you all had to go, 397 00:20:48,674 --> 00:20:50,215 and that was it. 398 00:20:50,215 --> 00:20:52,840 Hardly a day passed without the shout 399 00:20:52,840 --> 00:20:54,132 around the barrack-room, 400 00:20:54,132 --> 00:20:56,507 "Has anybody here had any experience with horses? 401 00:20:56,507 --> 00:20:59,091 "Can anybody here play any musical instruments? 402 00:20:59,091 --> 00:21:01,716 "Anybody had an experience at so and so?" 403 00:21:01,716 --> 00:21:05,341 So gradually, the thousand men who were joined up 404 00:21:05,341 --> 00:21:09,925 as a motley throng, now became a transport man, a bandsman, 405 00:21:09,925 --> 00:21:11,883 signalman and so on. 406 00:21:11,883 --> 00:21:14,008 You didn't want to mess about on the parade ground 407 00:21:14,008 --> 00:21:16,383 with heavy packs on the route marches. 408 00:21:16,383 --> 00:21:20,134 Most of us wanted to go across and do some scrapping. 409 00:21:20,134 --> 00:21:23,759 After good food, fresh air and physical exercise, 410 00:21:23,759 --> 00:21:26,592 they changed so that their mothers wouldn't have recognised them. 411 00:21:26,592 --> 00:21:30,926 They put on an average of one stone in weight and one inch in height. 412 00:21:30,926 --> 00:21:34,301 Although we hated the sight and sound of our disciplinary sergeants, 413 00:21:34,301 --> 00:21:38,093 this reflects greatly to their credit because they knocked us 414 00:21:38,093 --> 00:21:40,801 into shape as regards to marching and foot drills. 415 00:21:40,801 --> 00:21:44,302 But far more than that, they were handsome, 416 00:21:44,302 --> 00:21:47,718 ruddy, upstanding, square-shouldered young men 417 00:21:47,718 --> 00:21:50,385 who were afraid of nobody, not even the Sergeant Major. 418 00:21:50,385 --> 00:21:53,010 After the six weeks, we were informed we were going 419 00:21:53,010 --> 00:21:55,511 to be posted overseas. 420 00:21:55,511 --> 00:21:59,594 They said, "You're leaving tomorrow morning for an unknown destination." 421 00:21:59,594 --> 00:22:02,136 You were never told where you were heading for. 422 00:22:02,136 --> 00:22:05,344 I just wanted to fight the Germans, and as far as that was concerned, 423 00:22:05,344 --> 00:22:08,136 it didn't matter tuppence to me where we went. 424 00:22:08,136 --> 00:22:11,178 And when we pushed them through this crash programme 425 00:22:11,178 --> 00:22:12,970 of military training, 426 00:22:12,970 --> 00:22:15,053 they were pushed off to France in batches. 427 00:22:15,053 --> 00:22:18,220 Before we left, the officer said, "well, you haven't had time 428 00:22:18,220 --> 00:22:21,720 "to be made sergeants, so we'll give you a couple of stripes." 429 00:22:21,720 --> 00:22:25,429 So they made us corporals, and in less than no time 430 00:22:25,429 --> 00:22:28,387 we were marched down to the station. 431 00:22:28,387 --> 00:22:31,596 In my mind I wondered, "Shall I ever come back?" 432 00:22:31,596 --> 00:22:33,679 I didn't think I would at the time. 433 00:22:33,679 --> 00:22:35,971 I didn't worry about it. 434 00:22:35,971 --> 00:22:39,680 Oh, they were all full of euphoria, they were all glad they were going. 435 00:22:39,680 --> 00:22:41,513 Nobody was crying. 436 00:22:41,513 --> 00:22:43,721 I wrote a postcard when I was in the train 437 00:22:43,721 --> 00:22:46,638 and chucked it out of the window, hoping that it would be delivered 438 00:22:46,638 --> 00:22:48,055 to my family. 439 00:22:48,055 --> 00:22:50,889 We arrived at Folkestone in the evening. 440 00:22:50,889 --> 00:22:54,555 We embarked on one of the old Thames pleasure boats. 441 00:22:54,555 --> 00:22:58,722 Well, pretty crowded, but of course there's only 21 mile 442 00:22:58,722 --> 00:23:01,347 from Dover to Calais on the boat. 443 00:23:01,347 --> 00:23:04,389 There were talks by officers to us as to how to behave ourselves 444 00:23:04,389 --> 00:23:07,514 on foreign soil, and that we've got to respect other people's 445 00:23:07,514 --> 00:23:09,723 modes of conduct. 446 00:23:09,723 --> 00:23:13,515 The biggest number of casualties were NCOs, 447 00:23:13,515 --> 00:23:15,973 and we weren't all too keen about this. 448 00:23:15,973 --> 00:23:19,557 So I went into the lavatory and my stripes came off 449 00:23:19,557 --> 00:23:22,182 and they disappeared through the porthole. 450 00:23:22,182 --> 00:23:25,265 And with that, I went back on deck as a private. 451 00:23:29,182 --> 00:23:31,224 As our horses were brought down the gangways, 452 00:23:31,224 --> 00:23:34,183 I noticed the expression on the men's faces. 453 00:23:34,183 --> 00:23:37,016 There were no cheerful, smiling faces coming down 454 00:23:37,016 --> 00:23:38,599 that gangway at all. 455 00:23:40,850 --> 00:23:43,225 It was beautiful weather, very warm, 456 00:23:43,225 --> 00:23:46,975 and every village and town we went through, people rushed out, 457 00:23:46,975 --> 00:23:50,225 bottles of wine, yards of French bread, flowers. 458 00:23:50,225 --> 00:23:52,850 The land flowed in every single aspect. 459 00:23:52,850 --> 00:23:55,017 There were farmers going about their business, 460 00:23:55,017 --> 00:23:56,892 the most lovely country. 461 00:23:59,101 --> 00:24:01,851 If we passed a field of carrots, we used to raid the field 462 00:24:01,851 --> 00:24:05,309 and walk along munching the carrots and turnips. 463 00:24:09,476 --> 00:24:11,643 I was dead scared that the war would be over 464 00:24:11,643 --> 00:24:13,060 before I got out to it. 465 00:24:13,060 --> 00:24:14,685 When I got out to France, 466 00:24:14,685 --> 00:24:17,268 I was terribly pleased, really keen. 467 00:24:19,977 --> 00:24:22,935 You just marched and marched until roughly 20 miles 468 00:24:22,935 --> 00:24:24,644 from the trenches. 469 00:24:24,644 --> 00:24:27,352 We knew we were getting close to the line because the gunfire 470 00:24:27,352 --> 00:24:29,519 was becoming more noisy. 471 00:24:29,519 --> 00:24:32,186 I remember the first shell, I was delighted. 472 00:24:34,936 --> 00:24:38,686 We went through towns, villages that were absolutely derelict. 473 00:24:38,686 --> 00:24:42,186 So we never knew where we were, except that we were in Belgium. 474 00:24:44,853 --> 00:24:48,145 The devastation was something I never could have imagined. 475 00:24:48,145 --> 00:24:51,103 The whole place gave one the most eerie sensation. 476 00:24:54,895 --> 00:24:58,604 There was stunted trees, torn to shreds with shellfire 477 00:24:58,604 --> 00:25:02,521 and there was shell holes all over the place. 478 00:25:02,521 --> 00:25:05,438 We were relieving men of the 28th division, 479 00:25:05,438 --> 00:25:08,854 and as they passed us, we would say, "What's it like up there?" 480 00:25:08,854 --> 00:25:12,230 The reply invariably came back, "Bloody awful, mate." 481 00:25:12,230 --> 00:25:15,771 The old sweats coming back got their tails up all right, 482 00:25:15,771 --> 00:25:19,563 but I didn't know what to expect, just hadn't a clue. 483 00:25:19,563 --> 00:25:23,022 It was deadly warfare, you were facing the Germans. 484 00:25:27,272 --> 00:25:28,730 Follow me. 485 00:25:31,397 --> 00:25:33,022 You got the order, "load". 486 00:25:33,022 --> 00:25:36,981 You put nine in your magazine and one up the spout 487 00:25:36,981 --> 00:25:38,731 and you put the safety catch on, 488 00:25:38,731 --> 00:25:41,481 and you always went into the line prepared to use 489 00:25:41,481 --> 00:25:43,106 your rifle immediately. 490 00:25:44,940 --> 00:25:47,690 That's when you got rigid orders, no talking whatsoever, 491 00:25:47,690 --> 00:25:49,315 keep your head down. 492 00:25:49,315 --> 00:25:51,357 Single file, no smoking. 493 00:25:51,357 --> 00:25:54,649 The captain would then direct you right to the front trenches. 494 00:25:58,149 --> 00:26:00,691 Before a man goes into the trenches, he usually carries 495 00:26:00,691 --> 00:26:05,441 a roll of barbed wire or a bag of bombs, besides his own equipment. 496 00:26:05,441 --> 00:26:08,149 That's the way to get the stuff up to the front line. 497 00:26:08,149 --> 00:26:10,941 Now, a guide would always be sent out. 498 00:26:10,941 --> 00:26:13,650 Extend this part of the trench over there. 499 00:26:13,650 --> 00:26:15,150 What, that way? That's it. 500 00:26:15,150 --> 00:26:16,900 The trenches in France were a maze. 501 00:26:16,900 --> 00:26:19,608 If you didn't have a guide, you could very soon get lost. 502 00:26:19,608 --> 00:26:22,317 Smile, so your mother thinks I'm looking after you. 503 00:26:24,900 --> 00:26:26,692 Coming up, coming up! 504 00:26:31,151 --> 00:26:33,192 The trenches weren't in one straight line. 505 00:26:33,192 --> 00:26:36,693 They were built on what they call a Travis System. 506 00:26:36,693 --> 00:26:39,609 The Travis would break up the shellfire 507 00:26:39,609 --> 00:26:42,943 and stop it spreading right along the trench. 508 00:26:42,943 --> 00:26:44,693 There was a front line of trenches 509 00:26:44,693 --> 00:26:47,068 and then there was a second line of trenches. 510 00:26:47,068 --> 00:26:51,402 The support line would be about 50 yards or more behind the front line. 511 00:26:51,402 --> 00:26:54,068 In between, there would be communication trenches 512 00:26:54,068 --> 00:26:56,485 so that they could move through if the front line 513 00:26:56,485 --> 00:26:58,235 was under jeopardy. 514 00:26:58,235 --> 00:27:01,611 First impression I got of the trenches was they were 515 00:27:01,611 --> 00:27:03,652 very much lived in. 516 00:27:03,652 --> 00:27:05,652 We had to take them as we found them. 517 00:27:05,652 --> 00:27:09,319 You would see an overcoat hanging from a wooden peg. 518 00:27:09,319 --> 00:27:13,028 You would see a mess tin with some tea in it. 519 00:27:13,028 --> 00:27:16,153 A dugout, which had a piece of blanket in it, 520 00:27:16,153 --> 00:27:18,320 a bed made of sandbags. 521 00:27:18,320 --> 00:27:21,403 Our world was divided by no-man's-land, 522 00:27:21,403 --> 00:27:23,195 a sort of Iron Curtain, 523 00:27:23,195 --> 00:27:27,112 beyond which were bogey men who would kill you if they ever saw you. 524 00:27:27,112 --> 00:27:30,279 As you look through your periscope, all you could see were hundreds 525 00:27:30,279 --> 00:27:35,237 of shell holes, your barbed wire and the German barbed wire. 526 00:27:35,237 --> 00:27:38,154 You could see dead bodies hanging on the barbed wire 527 00:27:38,154 --> 00:27:41,196 and they may have been there for a long, long time. 528 00:27:41,196 --> 00:27:44,238 It was one of the most desolate looking places in the world. 529 00:27:44,238 --> 00:27:48,655 You never saw a sign of life, and yet you knew very well that, 530 00:27:48,655 --> 00:27:53,113 within shouting range, there were hundreds and hundreds of men. 531 00:27:53,113 --> 00:27:55,822 A platoon of about 50 men would have about 100 yards 532 00:27:55,822 --> 00:27:59,322 of front line trenches as their responsibility. 533 00:27:59,322 --> 00:28:01,572 There were signs all over the trenches, 534 00:28:01,572 --> 00:28:05,156 Piccadilly Circus and Regent Street and all that sort of thing, 535 00:28:05,156 --> 00:28:06,906 telling you where water points were 536 00:28:06,906 --> 00:28:09,448 and which was the most dangerous part of the land 537 00:28:09,448 --> 00:28:11,614 with regard to snipers. 538 00:28:11,614 --> 00:28:14,281 You had to be extremely careful because a bullet could go 539 00:28:14,281 --> 00:28:17,073 through one layer of sandbags quite easily. 540 00:28:17,073 --> 00:28:19,657 I was talking to a bloke one day and, pop, 541 00:28:19,657 --> 00:28:21,907 his head was bashed in like an egg. 542 00:28:21,907 --> 00:28:25,198 He just happened to be in a place where a sniper could get an aim. 543 00:28:26,615 --> 00:28:29,365 We used to do a four-day stint in a line. 544 00:28:29,365 --> 00:28:33,866 We took with us sufficient food to last the four days. 545 00:28:35,324 --> 00:28:37,199 Go on, lads, give our love to Jerry. 546 00:28:37,199 --> 00:28:38,658 Mind yourselves out there. 547 00:28:38,658 --> 00:28:42,783 Your day would start before dawn when NCOs would go round 548 00:28:42,783 --> 00:28:45,825 this 100 yards and make sure everybody was alive. 549 00:28:45,825 --> 00:28:49,450 Of a day in the trenches, you had two hours on, four off. 550 00:28:49,450 --> 00:28:51,617 A third of the people were on sentry duty, 551 00:28:51,617 --> 00:28:54,450 a third working and a third sleeping. 552 00:28:54,450 --> 00:28:56,242 We just slept where we were. 553 00:28:56,242 --> 00:28:58,867 No beds, just flopped down on the ground. 554 00:28:58,867 --> 00:29:01,450 Been to the pictures, mate! 555 00:29:01,450 --> 00:29:04,617 The trench was very wet and, wherever possible, we would try 556 00:29:04,617 --> 00:29:06,201 and get above the water. 557 00:29:06,201 --> 00:29:08,868 We were able to dig out the side of the trench 558 00:29:08,868 --> 00:29:11,409 and that was when we used to steal our sleep 559 00:29:11,409 --> 00:29:13,909 on the two-on and four-off stretch. 560 00:29:13,909 --> 00:29:16,826 And then you'd have your couple of hours on the parapet 561 00:29:16,826 --> 00:29:18,618 and then rest again. 562 00:29:18,618 --> 00:29:21,785 If nothing untoward happened, there would be perhaps 563 00:29:21,785 --> 00:29:25,452 two or three sentry groups in the whole company's front. 564 00:29:25,452 --> 00:29:27,619 EXPLOSIONS BOOM IN DISTANCE 565 00:29:37,119 --> 00:29:38,869 It was a job to keep awake. 566 00:29:38,869 --> 00:29:41,828 Woe betide you if you were caught asleep. 567 00:29:41,828 --> 00:29:44,953 If you are so tired, you can sleep standing up, 568 00:29:44,953 --> 00:29:46,745 which I've done many times. 569 00:29:48,161 --> 00:29:53,370 The first thing you did when you got into the line was to have a brew-up. 570 00:29:53,370 --> 00:29:55,745 There was one thing about the Vickers gun, 571 00:29:55,745 --> 00:29:57,537 it being a water-cooled weapon, 572 00:29:57,537 --> 00:29:59,995 if you were continuously firing, you'd find that the water 573 00:29:59,995 --> 00:30:02,870 would be boiling. You could disconnect the tube 574 00:30:02,870 --> 00:30:04,371 and make a cup of tea. 575 00:30:04,371 --> 00:30:07,287 The water came up in two-gallon petrol cans. 576 00:30:07,287 --> 00:30:09,746 And we could taste the petrol in it because they couldn't 577 00:30:09,746 --> 00:30:11,621 wash it completely out. 578 00:30:14,579 --> 00:30:16,830 In every bay was a little fireplace. 579 00:30:16,830 --> 00:30:21,288 You used tiny slivers of wood because if you made smoke 580 00:30:21,288 --> 00:30:23,372 in the front line, over would come a shell. 581 00:30:23,372 --> 00:30:24,622 I fancy a brew. 582 00:30:24,622 --> 00:30:27,080 But save a drop of that tea to shave with. 583 00:30:27,080 --> 00:30:29,539 Because we had to shave in the front line. 584 00:30:29,539 --> 00:30:32,330 We used to put a lot of tins out on the parapet 585 00:30:32,330 --> 00:30:35,747 if it rained. You daren't touch any of the other water. 586 00:30:35,747 --> 00:30:38,581 We were scooping water out of shell holes, 587 00:30:38,581 --> 00:30:40,664 there might have been dead bodies underneath. 588 00:30:40,664 --> 00:30:42,748 We thought as long as we boiled it for a long time, 589 00:30:42,748 --> 00:30:44,873 all the green stuff would come off the top. 590 00:30:44,873 --> 00:30:47,581 Nice and gentle. Anyway, we'd made tea with it. 591 00:30:47,581 --> 00:30:49,956 That's how I got my dose of dysentery. 592 00:30:49,956 --> 00:30:52,540 Of course, there was no sanitary arrangements. 593 00:30:52,540 --> 00:30:54,790 They'd dig a trench and stick a pole across, 594 00:30:54,790 --> 00:30:58,540 and you'd get about seven or eight chaps on the pole. 595 00:30:58,540 --> 00:31:00,749 God, to have a clear-out was terrible. 596 00:31:00,749 --> 00:31:02,374 FLIES BUZZ 597 00:31:02,374 --> 00:31:04,832 People used to go to the toilet with no privacy. 598 00:31:04,832 --> 00:31:08,249 Being rather a shy nature, if I had pissed with somebody, 599 00:31:08,249 --> 00:31:09,707 I felt a bit nervous. 600 00:31:09,707 --> 00:31:12,666 But when you were in the Army, you got quite used to it. 601 00:31:12,666 --> 00:31:15,333 Of course, it didn't matter a damn because there was no women 602 00:31:15,333 --> 00:31:16,750 or anything like that. 603 00:31:16,750 --> 00:31:19,375 The flies used to crawl over your bottom. 604 00:31:19,375 --> 00:31:20,708 Most unpleasant. 605 00:31:20,708 --> 00:31:22,583 And no such thing as toilet rolls. 606 00:31:22,583 --> 00:31:24,750 You had to wipe your behind with your hand. 607 00:31:24,750 --> 00:31:27,250 Your hands might have been in all sorts of things, 608 00:31:27,250 --> 00:31:28,917 but you never washed. 609 00:31:28,917 --> 00:31:30,584 Well, you heard a terrific shout... 610 00:31:30,584 --> 00:31:32,250 MEN SHOUT AND YELL, LOUD THUD 611 00:31:32,250 --> 00:31:35,167 ..and the pole had snapped and the poor men 612 00:31:35,167 --> 00:31:37,584 who were sitting on the bar fell down in the muck! 613 00:31:37,584 --> 00:31:39,417 MEN LAUGH 614 00:31:39,417 --> 00:31:42,418 There was always the humorous side of the war. 615 00:31:42,418 --> 00:31:45,543 We had to put rifles down for them to hang onto, 616 00:31:45,543 --> 00:31:50,418 and they came out like slimy rabbits and nobody wanted to go near them. 617 00:31:52,876 --> 00:31:55,835 We had no spare clothes at all and you were living for weeks 618 00:31:55,835 --> 00:31:58,793 without washing or getting a bath. 619 00:31:58,793 --> 00:32:02,835 I personally became really badly infested and chatty, 620 00:32:02,835 --> 00:32:05,502 as we used to call it, with these lice. 621 00:32:05,502 --> 00:32:07,961 Oh, lice was a dreadful problem. 622 00:32:07,961 --> 00:32:11,503 They were funny little things, like little monster sort of things, 623 00:32:11,503 --> 00:32:14,586 with six legs, and they used to feed ten times a day. 624 00:32:14,586 --> 00:32:16,253 You had to kill the bloody things. 625 00:32:16,253 --> 00:32:18,628 My favourite way was burning them. 626 00:32:18,628 --> 00:32:21,586 You would run the seams over the lighted candle 627 00:32:21,586 --> 00:32:24,212 and you could hear the eggs going pop, pop, pop, pop. 628 00:32:24,212 --> 00:32:25,920 POPPING 629 00:32:25,920 --> 00:32:28,545 The sooner you got the shirt back again, the heat of the body 630 00:32:28,545 --> 00:32:30,462 hatched the eggs that you'd missed. 631 00:32:31,879 --> 00:32:34,504 And we was just as lousy the next day. 632 00:32:37,254 --> 00:32:40,587 Each man prepared his own breakfast. 633 00:32:40,587 --> 00:32:44,421 Bread and jam was about 16 men to a loaf of bread. 634 00:32:46,129 --> 00:32:48,463 There'd be a little bit of bacon which would suffice 635 00:32:48,463 --> 00:32:50,588 for half a dozen men. 636 00:32:50,588 --> 00:32:53,921 You'd put your rasher of bacon in your mess tin lid, 637 00:32:53,921 --> 00:32:58,463 put a few more sticks on your fire and you would fry your bacon. 638 00:32:58,463 --> 00:33:01,464 And then soak up the fat with a piece of biscuit 639 00:33:01,464 --> 00:33:03,589 and then there you are with the breakfast. 640 00:33:03,589 --> 00:33:06,297 Dinner time was mostly bully beef cut up and stewed, 641 00:33:06,297 --> 00:33:09,339 along with all sorts of vegetables from tins. 642 00:33:09,339 --> 00:33:12,631 Magonoghie's tinned stew was mixed up with the bully beef. 643 00:33:12,631 --> 00:33:16,089 I've gone into French dugouts and eaten biscuits 644 00:33:16,089 --> 00:33:18,756 which had been left by the troops two years previously, 645 00:33:18,756 --> 00:33:23,090 and tasted the green mould in them, but it didn't do me any harm. 646 00:33:23,090 --> 00:33:26,507 This was how it was. Anything's good, you know, when you're hungry. 647 00:33:26,507 --> 00:33:28,923 And you were always hungry. HE LAUGHS 648 00:33:30,215 --> 00:33:33,007 But any given moment, we could expect to be shelled. 649 00:33:33,007 --> 00:33:35,132 SHELL WHIZZES AND BANGS 650 00:33:35,132 --> 00:33:37,507 You had very little protection against that. 651 00:33:37,507 --> 00:33:41,341 One would hear a mild pop as the gun fired five miles away. 652 00:33:43,591 --> 00:33:46,341 And in the five or six seconds it took to come, 653 00:33:46,341 --> 00:33:49,633 you can pass through quite a number of psychological changes. 654 00:33:55,592 --> 00:33:58,217 I can't remember anything more nerve-racking 655 00:33:58,217 --> 00:34:02,175 than the continuous shelling, without stop, went on day and night. 656 00:34:02,175 --> 00:34:05,592 But we were always told that you never heard the shell that hit you 657 00:34:05,592 --> 00:34:08,551 because most of them travelled faster than sound. 658 00:34:08,551 --> 00:34:12,801 But you could literally feel your heart pounding against the ground. 659 00:34:12,801 --> 00:34:15,384 The emotional strain was absolutely terrific. 660 00:34:15,384 --> 00:34:17,676 Although a shell might burst 50 yards away, 661 00:34:17,676 --> 00:34:20,468 you might find a fragment of jagged iron, 662 00:34:20,468 --> 00:34:22,593 really red hot and weighing half a pound, 663 00:34:22,593 --> 00:34:24,843 arriving in your trench. 664 00:34:24,843 --> 00:34:27,343 You see people blown to little bits. 665 00:34:27,343 --> 00:34:29,718 I've actually had to put a man in a sandbag. 666 00:34:29,718 --> 00:34:31,927 Every now and again, there would be a great roar 667 00:34:31,927 --> 00:34:34,010 like an aeroplane coming in to land... 668 00:34:34,010 --> 00:34:35,260 LOUD BANG 669 00:34:35,260 --> 00:34:37,761 ..and in a fifth of a second, your resolution would break 670 00:34:37,761 --> 00:34:39,636 and you'd throw yourself down into the mud 671 00:34:39,636 --> 00:34:41,927 and the other ones would laugh at you. 672 00:34:41,927 --> 00:34:44,844 The shrapnel shell would burst in the air and spray bullets 673 00:34:44,844 --> 00:34:46,428 on the troops below. 674 00:34:48,261 --> 00:34:49,678 As if they were from a shotgun. 675 00:34:51,595 --> 00:34:55,136 The bullets came down, whistling like all the hobs of hell. 676 00:34:58,970 --> 00:35:01,845 Another one of the annoyances we had was the Germans 677 00:35:01,845 --> 00:35:03,470 were very active with mining. 678 00:35:05,470 --> 00:35:07,554 We crouched down underneath the front parapet 679 00:35:07,554 --> 00:35:09,054 to dodge the debris falling, 680 00:35:09,054 --> 00:35:12,804 and I got the men to open up rapid fire to prevent the Germans 681 00:35:12,804 --> 00:35:16,388 from getting into that crater where they could bomb us. 682 00:35:16,388 --> 00:35:19,304 If the front line gets damaged, it's got to be repaired. 683 00:35:19,304 --> 00:35:21,013 Well, the people who are in the line, 684 00:35:21,013 --> 00:35:22,763 they've got to get on with it. 685 00:35:22,763 --> 00:35:27,222 I had in my mind that we expected big gunfire to light amongst 686 00:35:27,222 --> 00:35:30,555 all us cavalry and absolutely swipe us off the face of the Earth. 687 00:35:34,430 --> 00:35:36,347 I shouted, "Gallop!" like that. 688 00:35:36,347 --> 00:35:38,639 They dropped 'em all at once, the horses. 689 00:35:39,972 --> 00:35:42,222 Oh, a heck of a mess. 690 00:35:42,222 --> 00:35:45,223 The horses were laying down, with their intestines hanging out, 691 00:35:45,223 --> 00:35:48,264 and men with matter hanging out of theirs. 692 00:35:48,264 --> 00:35:50,764 "And that, boys," they said, "the bloody Germans!" 693 00:35:50,764 --> 00:35:53,765 To lose a horse was like losing a friend. 694 00:35:53,765 --> 00:35:56,556 The Brigadier turned to our captain and he says, 695 00:35:56,556 --> 00:35:58,557 "See that the boy has two or three days' rest. 696 00:35:58,557 --> 00:36:00,182 "When a boy likes an animal like that, 697 00:36:00,182 --> 00:36:02,640 "there's not a lot wrong with him." 698 00:36:02,640 --> 00:36:05,265 Over the whole of the front line, there was a smell. 699 00:36:05,265 --> 00:36:07,515 It wasn't a complicated smell, 700 00:36:07,515 --> 00:36:10,557 it was the smell of decaying corpses. 701 00:36:10,557 --> 00:36:12,766 Nasty, sickly smell. 702 00:36:12,766 --> 00:36:14,349 You never forgot that smell. 703 00:36:14,349 --> 00:36:16,933 FLIES BUZZ 704 00:36:16,933 --> 00:36:18,558 It was the smell of death. 705 00:36:18,558 --> 00:36:22,808 If you've ever smelt a dead mouse, it was like that, but hundreds 706 00:36:22,808 --> 00:36:24,766 and hundreds of times worse. 707 00:36:26,641 --> 00:36:28,100 It seemed to cling to everything. 708 00:36:28,100 --> 00:36:31,767 When you was having your food, you could taste it. 709 00:36:31,767 --> 00:36:36,809 The awful stench and bits of human bodies laying about, 710 00:36:36,809 --> 00:36:39,392 it became an everyday thing. 711 00:36:39,392 --> 00:36:42,601 We thought, well, it'll be you too next, what does it matter? 712 00:36:44,726 --> 00:36:48,934 Wherever there was a grave or a body, there were rats. 713 00:36:48,934 --> 00:36:50,143 They were all big fat ones 714 00:36:50,143 --> 00:36:52,810 and we knew where they got the fat from. 715 00:36:52,810 --> 00:36:58,185 Unpleasant animals, because of the filtration into the graves. 716 00:36:58,185 --> 00:37:01,560 They used to feed on the dead and come in the dugouts, 717 00:37:01,560 --> 00:37:03,102 pick up scraps in there. 718 00:37:03,102 --> 00:37:05,102 I woke up in the bottom of the trench 719 00:37:05,102 --> 00:37:07,560 and felt something warm on my face. 720 00:37:07,560 --> 00:37:10,561 And a little heart going bang, bang, bang. 721 00:37:10,561 --> 00:37:13,227 The devil scratched my face with the claws of his hind feet 722 00:37:13,227 --> 00:37:14,394 as he took off. 723 00:37:14,394 --> 00:37:16,811 We used to try and shoot them, hit them, kill them, 724 00:37:16,811 --> 00:37:18,311 chase them, do anything. 725 00:37:18,311 --> 00:37:19,853 GUNSHOTS AND BANGING, RATS SQUEAK 726 00:37:19,853 --> 00:37:21,894 Then you've got gas. 727 00:37:21,894 --> 00:37:25,020 We saw this green cloud coming towards us. 728 00:37:25,020 --> 00:37:27,061 Just rolling slowly along the ground. 729 00:37:27,061 --> 00:37:28,645 They'd shout "gas"... MEN SHOUT 730 00:37:28,645 --> 00:37:30,853 ..and you had to take your mask out and stick it on 731 00:37:30,853 --> 00:37:32,395 in two, three seconds. 732 00:37:32,395 --> 00:37:36,729 Yes, it was phosgene gas, later on there was mustard gas. 733 00:37:36,729 --> 00:37:38,645 That was very effective. 734 00:37:38,645 --> 00:37:41,812 I never saw a slightly gassed man. 735 00:37:41,812 --> 00:37:44,937 If you couldn't get your gas mask, you were to pee on your handkerchief 736 00:37:44,937 --> 00:37:47,188 and stuff this round your nose and mouth. 737 00:37:47,188 --> 00:37:49,688 I don't mind admitting that I didn't think much of the 738 00:37:49,688 --> 00:37:52,729 urinating on the handkerchief, so I went into one of 739 00:37:52,729 --> 00:37:56,271 the trench's latrines and I stuck my head in a bucket. 740 00:37:56,271 --> 00:37:58,521 But I'll tell you, I couldn't hold my breath any more, 741 00:37:58,521 --> 00:38:01,522 came up, took a good breath of air, down again. 742 00:38:01,522 --> 00:38:03,688 We were very soon enveloped in this thick, 743 00:38:03,688 --> 00:38:05,480 yellow, filthy cloud. 744 00:38:05,480 --> 00:38:08,772 The more we tried to get rid of the sting in our eyes, 745 00:38:08,772 --> 00:38:10,439 the worse it got. 746 00:38:12,522 --> 00:38:14,731 And I thought deeply of what the effect of blindness 747 00:38:14,731 --> 00:38:16,397 was going to be. 748 00:38:16,397 --> 00:38:20,356 The extraction of clotted blood and the injection of saline 749 00:38:20,356 --> 00:38:22,523 could alleviate a lot of the trouble. 750 00:38:22,523 --> 00:38:25,565 And as I was gassed myself, I can speak from experience. 751 00:38:27,856 --> 00:38:30,565 In the winter time, as the weather deteriorated, 752 00:38:30,565 --> 00:38:33,773 so the trenches got more and more sodden with water 753 00:38:33,773 --> 00:38:36,065 until they just became ditches. 754 00:38:36,065 --> 00:38:38,774 The water was swirling about our feet and rising higher 755 00:38:38,774 --> 00:38:42,232 and higher until it reached our chests. 756 00:38:42,232 --> 00:38:45,149 Our difficulty was frostbite. 757 00:38:45,149 --> 00:38:48,899 Our gumboots filled with water, and in the mornings we could not 758 00:38:48,899 --> 00:38:52,691 split them off because they were frozen to our feet. 759 00:38:52,691 --> 00:38:54,900 When you're talking about trench feet, 760 00:38:54,900 --> 00:38:56,483 you're talking about gangrene. 761 00:38:56,483 --> 00:39:00,817 Send him straight down the line, hack the legs off. 762 00:39:00,817 --> 00:39:02,692 Give us a hand with that, will you? 763 00:39:02,692 --> 00:39:06,859 When the water had soaked into the earth, the floors of the trenches 764 00:39:06,859 --> 00:39:11,775 were just paved with liquid mud, and that became like glue. 765 00:39:11,775 --> 00:39:15,901 It was a curious sucking kind of mud. 766 00:39:15,901 --> 00:39:18,484 Very disgusting indeed, very tenacious. 767 00:39:18,484 --> 00:39:20,151 It stuck to you. 768 00:39:20,151 --> 00:39:23,734 If one had to go to the rear for rations, 769 00:39:23,734 --> 00:39:26,151 well, that was just a nightmare journey. 770 00:39:26,151 --> 00:39:27,901 Slithering about. 771 00:39:27,901 --> 00:39:31,235 When it was pouring with rain and on slippery duck boards, 772 00:39:31,235 --> 00:39:33,693 the language was really edifying. 773 00:39:33,693 --> 00:39:36,485 You heard words that you never dream existed. 774 00:39:36,485 --> 00:39:39,694 And if you slipped off the duck boards, you just sank into the mud 775 00:39:39,694 --> 00:39:42,902 of decomposed bodies of humans and mules, 776 00:39:42,902 --> 00:39:45,236 and that was the end of you. 777 00:39:45,236 --> 00:39:48,611 The boy, he was in the middle of this huge sea of mud, struggling, 778 00:39:48,611 --> 00:39:50,236 and we couldn't do a thing. 779 00:39:50,236 --> 00:39:51,736 There was no hope of getting to him. 780 00:39:51,736 --> 00:39:54,528 The look on the lad's face, and he was a mere boy, 781 00:39:54,528 --> 00:39:56,570 was really pathetic. COUGHING AND SPLUTTERING 782 00:39:56,570 --> 00:40:00,236 I've seen men sinking into the mud and dying in the slime. 783 00:40:00,236 --> 00:40:02,903 I think it absolutely finished me off. 784 00:40:04,445 --> 00:40:06,945 It was supposed to be quiet and then you might get 785 00:40:06,945 --> 00:40:09,862 some drunken German saying, "I'm going to give them hell today," 786 00:40:09,862 --> 00:40:11,529 and opened up with all his batteries 787 00:40:11,529 --> 00:40:13,529 and catch hundreds of people in the line-up. 788 00:40:13,529 --> 00:40:17,071 And that was what they called holding the line. 789 00:40:17,071 --> 00:40:20,863 We were in conditions that isolated us completely from civilisation. 790 00:40:20,863 --> 00:40:25,238 We got so generate, so isolated living in this mud. 791 00:40:25,238 --> 00:40:28,988 And you could sympathise with how a rabbit must feel 792 00:40:28,988 --> 00:40:32,238 because we were hunted by mankind, just the same as a rabbit. 793 00:40:32,238 --> 00:40:34,738 You knew your lives were in one another's hands 794 00:40:34,738 --> 00:40:37,405 and it united you very closely and you didn't let anything 795 00:40:37,405 --> 00:40:39,405 interfere with that. 796 00:40:39,405 --> 00:40:41,822 You knew what was going on within your vision. 797 00:40:41,822 --> 00:40:44,739 Beyond that, you hadn't got a clue. HARMONICA PLAYS 798 00:40:44,739 --> 00:40:48,447 You didn't care how the war was going, whether we were winning. 799 00:40:48,447 --> 00:40:50,489 You weren't bothered with that at all. 800 00:40:50,489 --> 00:40:53,489 You lived like tramps, you didn't polish any buttons, 801 00:40:53,489 --> 00:40:57,198 you wore any uniformed bits that you liked and nobody worried. 802 00:40:57,198 --> 00:41:00,323 All they were concerned with was that you were fit to fight. 803 00:41:00,323 --> 00:41:02,490 If nothing's happening, you chat about life, 804 00:41:02,490 --> 00:41:04,740 where he came from and you came from. 805 00:41:04,740 --> 00:41:06,032 Everything was friendly. 806 00:41:06,032 --> 00:41:08,240 There was a terrific lot of kindness in a way, 807 00:41:08,240 --> 00:41:09,699 to each person. 808 00:41:09,699 --> 00:41:12,699 When the war was not very active, it was really rather fun 809 00:41:12,699 --> 00:41:14,282 to be in the front line. 810 00:41:14,282 --> 00:41:17,741 It was not very dangerous, the sort of outdoor camping holiday 811 00:41:17,741 --> 00:41:22,533 with the boys, with a slight spice of danger to make it interesting. 812 00:41:22,533 --> 00:41:26,241 We used to raid the trenches and get a prisoner if possible. 813 00:41:26,241 --> 00:41:30,116 And a typical trench raid would be perhaps eight in passing. 814 00:41:31,491 --> 00:41:33,742 If you was going to make a raid, somebody would cut 815 00:41:33,742 --> 00:41:35,992 a passage through the wire at night-time. 816 00:41:38,700 --> 00:41:40,950 The only way to do it was silently... 817 00:41:43,117 --> 00:41:45,367 ..to rush it, and that was the arrangement. 818 00:41:45,367 --> 00:41:47,659 We would bomb and bayonet the Germans coming out 819 00:41:47,659 --> 00:41:50,284 on their hands and knees out the dugout, we'd smack them 820 00:41:50,284 --> 00:41:52,868 over the head and throw in a couple of bombs. 821 00:41:57,410 --> 00:41:59,910 And there were three ways of getting rid of him. 822 00:41:59,910 --> 00:42:03,035 One was to knife him, garrotte him or to bayonet him. 823 00:42:03,035 --> 00:42:06,243 Quietest was the quick wrap around the throat 824 00:42:06,243 --> 00:42:07,743 and knife into the back. 825 00:42:11,744 --> 00:42:14,035 I threw a revolver at poor little Rudolph, 826 00:42:14,035 --> 00:42:15,369 he was only about 18. 827 00:42:15,369 --> 00:42:16,952 I hit him in the face with it. 828 00:42:16,952 --> 00:42:19,619 He screamed and came back at me, and that's when I got him. 829 00:42:19,619 --> 00:42:22,036 Got him with a Very pistol. 830 00:42:22,036 --> 00:42:23,869 Well done, chaps! Good raid! 831 00:42:23,869 --> 00:42:26,494 I always had a full flask and I gave him a drink. 832 00:42:26,494 --> 00:42:28,453 I felt very sorry for him. 833 00:42:28,453 --> 00:42:31,578 He said, "Danke schoen, das ist gut," and died. 834 00:42:39,203 --> 00:42:42,579 And it was a very successful raid, they got two prisoners, I think, 835 00:42:42,579 --> 00:42:44,829 which was all they all wanted. 836 00:42:44,829 --> 00:42:47,746 By the way, the men who were captured on the trench raid 837 00:42:47,746 --> 00:42:52,788 were the first Germans I saw on the Western Front. 838 00:42:52,788 --> 00:42:55,996 A lot of the German troops, they were very good, very friendly. 839 00:42:55,996 --> 00:42:59,830 In fact, some of those Bavarians were dammed good, decent people. 840 00:42:59,830 --> 00:43:02,121 The snipers would fire but not hit anybody, 841 00:43:02,121 --> 00:43:03,330 know what I mean? 842 00:43:05,163 --> 00:43:07,538 They put up a sign - "Gott mit uns." 843 00:43:07,538 --> 00:43:09,288 God is with us. 844 00:43:09,288 --> 00:43:12,372 And we put a sign up in English - "We've got mittens too!" 845 00:43:12,372 --> 00:43:14,997 We don't know if the Germans enjoyed that joke or not. 846 00:43:14,997 --> 00:43:18,122 There was a wounded German, he was a Wartenberger, I think. 847 00:43:18,122 --> 00:43:20,372 We did what we could for him, we gave him a bit of food 848 00:43:20,372 --> 00:43:24,081 and that sort of thing, and he was cursing the Prussians. 849 00:43:24,081 --> 00:43:28,331 The Saxons were in front of us and they gave us the warning 850 00:43:28,331 --> 00:43:31,915 that there were going to be relieved by the Prussians. 851 00:43:31,915 --> 00:43:34,957 And they said to us, "Give them hell." 852 00:43:34,957 --> 00:43:37,165 They hated the Prussians. 853 00:43:37,165 --> 00:43:39,082 The Prussians were cruel bastards. 854 00:43:41,415 --> 00:43:43,374 Hurry up! This way. Schnell, schnell! 855 00:43:43,374 --> 00:43:45,624 Watch yourself. Come along! 856 00:43:45,624 --> 00:43:47,666 The Bavarians or the Saxonians, 857 00:43:47,666 --> 00:43:50,041 they were the more civilised of the Germans. 858 00:43:50,041 --> 00:43:51,832 Part English, if anything. 859 00:43:54,916 --> 00:43:57,999 After a four-day spell in the front line, 860 00:43:57,999 --> 00:44:01,750 we were relieved and we had to march back to the billets 861 00:44:01,750 --> 00:44:04,083 a few miles behind the lines. 862 00:44:04,083 --> 00:44:07,625 We were going for a supposed one-week's rest. 863 00:44:07,625 --> 00:44:09,708 Everybody was dead whacked. 864 00:44:09,708 --> 00:44:11,542 We were all pretty knocked up. 865 00:44:11,542 --> 00:44:13,709 We extricated ourselves from the mud 866 00:44:13,709 --> 00:44:16,750 to what was, somewhat ironically, called rest. 867 00:44:16,750 --> 00:44:20,417 In the front line itself, you didn't criticise people 868 00:44:20,417 --> 00:44:23,042 and if you had a chap who was a bit dicky, 869 00:44:23,042 --> 00:44:25,501 you would keep an eye on him, just like in a family. 870 00:44:25,501 --> 00:44:28,126 But when you got out of the line, you'd want nothing to do 871 00:44:28,126 --> 00:44:29,543 with those people at all. 872 00:44:29,543 --> 00:44:31,751 I mean, you can't call it comradeship exactly, 873 00:44:31,751 --> 00:44:33,210 it was the way you did it. 874 00:44:33,210 --> 00:44:36,043 Come and get your mail! Welcome back! 875 00:44:36,043 --> 00:44:39,918 The thing which always struck me as being absolutely stupid 876 00:44:39,918 --> 00:44:44,377 was the next morning, every man had to be spick and span, 877 00:44:44,377 --> 00:44:45,960 not a trace of mud on him. 878 00:44:47,877 --> 00:44:51,586 You'd brush off clothes or dry them off the best way you could 879 00:44:51,586 --> 00:44:53,044 and clean your boots. 880 00:44:53,044 --> 00:44:55,669 In other words, smarten yourself up. 881 00:44:55,669 --> 00:44:58,753 THEY PLAY It's A Long Way To Tipperary 882 00:45:08,462 --> 00:45:10,962 The men would always appear the same - 883 00:45:10,962 --> 00:45:14,837 cheerful and, in the circumstances, happy as they could be, 884 00:45:14,837 --> 00:45:16,795 making the best of everything. 885 00:45:16,795 --> 00:45:19,337 You know, in true British fashion. 886 00:45:20,546 --> 00:45:24,713 What? The Cockney wit was prevalent and we were all lads together, 887 00:45:24,713 --> 00:45:27,838 you know, we didn't care about it. 888 00:45:27,838 --> 00:45:31,963 We'd make a fuss about nothing, the little things that didn't matter 889 00:45:31,963 --> 00:45:35,213 really, because it was something to fill the time in. 890 00:45:35,213 --> 00:45:37,963 We used to have to make our own amusements. 891 00:45:37,963 --> 00:45:39,255 Bloody bastard! 892 00:45:39,255 --> 00:45:40,922 You laughed at the slightest things. 893 00:45:40,922 --> 00:45:44,172 I think probably it was the general tension of the atmosphere 894 00:45:44,172 --> 00:45:46,339 that used to make us like that, you know? 895 00:45:48,422 --> 00:45:52,006 My mother sent me a parcel with a plum pudding, of all things, 896 00:45:52,006 --> 00:45:54,631 and had no thought of not being able to cook it, 897 00:45:54,631 --> 00:45:56,256 so we used it as a rugby ball. 898 00:45:57,923 --> 00:46:00,840 We had this regimental sports day. 899 00:46:00,840 --> 00:46:03,423 And I won't say I was the only sober one, 900 00:46:03,423 --> 00:46:06,631 but most of them were merry about it. 901 00:46:11,173 --> 00:46:13,090 MEN LAUGH AND SHOUT 902 00:46:14,799 --> 00:46:17,424 I mean, you took part in everything because you had to fill 903 00:46:17,424 --> 00:46:19,799 your time in, you know. 904 00:46:19,799 --> 00:46:21,841 Otherwise all you did was sit about and smoke. 905 00:46:21,841 --> 00:46:23,841 CHILDREN LAUGH 906 00:46:25,966 --> 00:46:29,549 The only time we saw the artillery was when we was out of rest. 907 00:46:29,549 --> 00:46:31,258 Fire! 908 00:46:33,841 --> 00:46:36,383 They would be, say, two miles behind the line. 909 00:46:38,092 --> 00:46:40,342 Fire! 910 00:46:40,342 --> 00:46:43,175 We wanted to neutralise enemy batteries, so we were registering 911 00:46:43,175 --> 00:46:45,009 our batteries on his. Fire! 912 00:46:47,384 --> 00:46:49,384 We used to know the line and elevation 913 00:46:49,384 --> 00:46:51,217 because it was done by aircraft. 914 00:46:53,509 --> 00:46:56,676 It was pretty ghastly, but the idea was to kill as many German gunners 915 00:46:56,676 --> 00:46:57,968 as you could. 916 00:46:57,968 --> 00:46:59,218 Ready! 917 00:47:01,134 --> 00:47:02,801 Fire! 918 00:47:09,302 --> 00:47:12,343 There was no motorised transport for guns. 919 00:47:12,343 --> 00:47:15,094 The guns used to be brought up by horses. 920 00:47:15,094 --> 00:47:16,719 Eight horses to each gun team. 921 00:47:16,719 --> 00:47:18,427 Four horses to each wagon team. 922 00:47:18,427 --> 00:47:19,927 About 60 horses. 923 00:47:21,469 --> 00:47:24,344 The gunners made a filthy noise, jingling and jingling 924 00:47:24,344 --> 00:47:26,344 and the horses making noises both ends. 925 00:47:26,344 --> 00:47:28,511 And it was always of great concern for those of us 926 00:47:28,511 --> 00:47:30,136 who were going into battle. 927 00:47:30,136 --> 00:47:32,845 Heave! MEN GRUNT, HORSES BRAY 928 00:47:34,470 --> 00:47:35,886 Heave! 929 00:47:40,928 --> 00:47:43,178 Each company officer paid his own company. 930 00:47:43,178 --> 00:47:46,804 Now, it was generally the first morning after we were out 931 00:47:46,804 --> 00:47:49,554 of the line, you got five francs. 932 00:47:49,554 --> 00:47:52,387 A franc was worth 10p, so 50p was your pay 933 00:47:52,387 --> 00:47:54,596 for a fortnight, 50p. 934 00:47:54,596 --> 00:47:57,596 Now, that's a week of riotous living. 935 00:47:57,596 --> 00:48:01,013 Every town of any size at all had a brothel 936 00:48:01,013 --> 00:48:04,638 and that was where most of these boys learned a little bit 937 00:48:04,638 --> 00:48:08,138 more about life than they would ever have done in normal civil life. 938 00:48:08,138 --> 00:48:11,055 So although they were young in years, it wasn't long 939 00:48:11,055 --> 00:48:13,680 before they were quite worldly men. 940 00:48:13,680 --> 00:48:16,097 One of the lads said, "Let's go and have a look 941 00:48:16,097 --> 00:48:18,764 "in the White Star. It's like a pub." 942 00:48:18,764 --> 00:48:21,431 I'd led a very sheltered life. 943 00:48:21,431 --> 00:48:25,264 And they were beautiful girls with just a piece of lace on, 944 00:48:25,264 --> 00:48:29,556 and, oh, my word, I'd never seen anything like it before! 945 00:48:29,556 --> 00:48:32,806 There was I, a young lad, knowing nothing about this, and off we go, 946 00:48:32,806 --> 00:48:36,015 and these men were going up to see the girls. 947 00:48:36,015 --> 00:48:38,390 I was very keen. I said to one of these fellas, 948 00:48:38,390 --> 00:48:40,057 "I've only got a sixpence." 949 00:48:40,057 --> 00:48:42,682 He said, "That's no good, it's a shilling." 950 00:48:42,682 --> 00:48:45,515 That was my first experience of a brothel. 951 00:48:45,515 --> 00:48:48,599 Anyway, we looked in there for a couple of minutes, 952 00:48:48,599 --> 00:48:51,599 when four or five naked girls came running down the corridor. 953 00:48:51,599 --> 00:48:53,849 We turned tail and ran! 954 00:48:53,849 --> 00:48:55,974 It was an eye-opener to me. 955 00:48:55,974 --> 00:48:58,349 There she stood, great, big woman, 956 00:48:58,349 --> 00:49:00,891 with this little cane in her hand and she belted my backside 957 00:49:00,891 --> 00:49:02,391 as if I was a little schoolboy. 958 00:49:02,391 --> 00:49:04,725 Pelted Sergeant this and pelted Sergeant the other, 959 00:49:04,725 --> 00:49:06,391 thump, thump, thump, thump, thump! 960 00:49:06,391 --> 00:49:08,808 HE LAUGHS 961 00:49:08,808 --> 00:49:10,350 Oh, gambling? 962 00:49:10,350 --> 00:49:11,975 People were gambling all day long. 963 00:49:11,975 --> 00:49:14,600 The Canadians and the Australians used a gamble terrific 964 00:49:14,600 --> 00:49:16,017 amounts of money. 965 00:49:16,017 --> 00:49:17,642 More money than any of us seen. 966 00:49:21,184 --> 00:49:23,267 The beer was very thin indeed. 967 00:49:23,267 --> 00:49:27,767 It was one and nine stuff - one pint, nine piddles. 968 00:49:27,767 --> 00:49:30,976 Friday was always the issue day for cigarettes 969 00:49:30,976 --> 00:49:33,851 and the cigarettes were Three Witches, 970 00:49:33,851 --> 00:49:37,476 which soon became Three Bitches or Red Hue Tsars. 971 00:49:37,476 --> 00:49:41,685 I think they were made from stable returns. 972 00:49:41,685 --> 00:49:45,643 But generally, in good-sized villages, you could get Woodbines 973 00:49:45,643 --> 00:49:51,894 and Player's, and they were far preferable to the issue cigarettes. 974 00:49:51,894 --> 00:49:54,686 Of course, we were always bartering with the Frenchmen. 975 00:49:54,686 --> 00:49:56,686 We used to barter some of our under-clothing 976 00:49:56,686 --> 00:49:58,769 and get a loaf of bread with it. 977 00:49:58,769 --> 00:50:02,394 We used to swap our British cigarettes for their French wine. 978 00:50:02,394 --> 00:50:05,936 It could be just as tiring out of the line as in the line 979 00:50:05,936 --> 00:50:07,686 and it was sometimes worse. 980 00:50:07,686 --> 00:50:09,645 If you were chosen for fatigue, 981 00:50:09,645 --> 00:50:12,645 you'd have to go on the working party. 982 00:50:12,645 --> 00:50:16,854 You collected stores from a big dump three or four miles back. 983 00:50:16,854 --> 00:50:19,479 Enormous bundles of sandbags, 984 00:50:19,479 --> 00:50:23,062 many made-up duck boards and, worst of all, barbed wire. 985 00:50:24,437 --> 00:50:26,062 It was always hard work. 986 00:50:26,062 --> 00:50:29,604 You were a bonny labouring boy more than you were a fighter. 987 00:50:29,604 --> 00:50:32,688 All the chaps were very tired, but it made no difference. 988 00:50:32,688 --> 00:50:34,604 And they were mentally tired out. 989 00:50:34,604 --> 00:50:36,730 They'd just come out of a trench tour for a rest 990 00:50:36,730 --> 00:50:39,188 and this was the kind of rest they were getting. 991 00:50:40,646 --> 00:50:44,897 You would be carrying stuff up on a light railway. 992 00:50:44,897 --> 00:50:48,855 Yes, they laid a narrow gauge, light railway track. 993 00:50:48,855 --> 00:50:52,689 It was the simplest of things, just platforms on wheels, 994 00:50:52,689 --> 00:50:54,897 driven by light locomotives. 995 00:51:03,023 --> 00:51:05,148 Light railways were always a blooming nuisance 996 00:51:05,148 --> 00:51:08,148 because they were always coming off the track. 997 00:51:08,148 --> 00:51:12,023 And they lost control of this truck going down a slight incline 998 00:51:12,023 --> 00:51:14,273 and it would barge into the one in front, 999 00:51:14,273 --> 00:51:18,607 which scattered the duck boards all over the place. 1000 00:51:18,607 --> 00:51:22,024 We used to take our mess tins up to the engine driver 1001 00:51:22,024 --> 00:51:25,357 and get some boiling water for our brew-up of tea. 1002 00:51:28,441 --> 00:51:29,899 And another. 1003 00:51:32,233 --> 00:51:36,733 The Germans could see the steam and smoke from the steam engine. 1004 00:51:36,733 --> 00:51:39,400 So then it was mostly petrol engines 1005 00:51:39,400 --> 00:51:41,900 which used to run up to the trenches. 1006 00:51:44,775 --> 00:51:47,733 The light railway only went as far as the communication trench, 1007 00:51:47,733 --> 00:51:50,442 and then we had to push the thing along by hand. 1008 00:51:54,359 --> 00:51:56,692 Somebody came along and said, "This is it, we're going 1009 00:51:56,692 --> 00:51:58,276 "to be home by Christmas! 1010 00:51:58,276 --> 00:51:59,942 "We'll just go down the road 1011 00:51:59,942 --> 00:52:02,318 "and look in a field there, you'll see." 1012 00:52:02,318 --> 00:52:04,609 Wouldn't tell us why. Anyway, we went down. 1013 00:52:04,609 --> 00:52:07,943 They were on the roadside covered with tarpaulin sheets. 1014 00:52:07,943 --> 00:52:11,818 You could see nothing except a square outline. 1015 00:52:11,818 --> 00:52:14,693 And then the officer said, "These are supposed to be hush-hush." 1016 00:52:14,693 --> 00:52:17,735 When we asked what it was, the simple reply was "tanks". 1017 00:52:17,735 --> 00:52:21,694 Knowing the shortage of water, we naturally assumed water tanks 1018 00:52:21,694 --> 00:52:24,027 and thought that we were getting reserve supplies. 1019 00:52:24,027 --> 00:52:26,444 It was one of the best-kept secrets. 1020 00:52:26,444 --> 00:52:28,819 We were delighted because these wonderful machines 1021 00:52:28,819 --> 00:52:30,152 were going to win the war. 1022 00:52:31,653 --> 00:52:33,653 Soon everybody would be home again. 1023 00:52:33,653 --> 00:52:35,694 Of course, it didn't happen like that. 1024 00:52:38,486 --> 00:52:42,736 We were taken out of the line and had intensive training. 1025 00:52:42,736 --> 00:52:47,028 Plunge the bayonet into the sack, shout like hell. 1026 00:52:47,028 --> 00:52:50,612 It was to get used to plunging them into somebody's body. 1027 00:52:50,612 --> 00:52:53,362 Then we fired our rifles on the rifle range. 1028 00:53:00,654 --> 00:53:03,196 Firing rifle grenades is a specialist job. 1029 00:53:05,321 --> 00:53:06,904 But they were clumsy. 1030 00:53:08,113 --> 00:53:09,905 I didn't like them much. 1031 00:53:11,488 --> 00:53:15,613 Forced marching, marching without a rest and also a frontal attack, 1032 00:53:15,613 --> 00:53:18,030 right flank attack, left flank attack, 1033 00:53:18,030 --> 00:53:20,364 both flanks attack, night attack, 1034 00:53:20,364 --> 00:53:22,905 and we wondered what the devil all this training was for. 1035 00:53:22,905 --> 00:53:25,822 BAGPIPES PLAY 1036 00:53:25,822 --> 00:53:29,031 The corps commander said that he had just received instructions 1037 00:53:29,031 --> 00:53:33,156 to go ahead with an operation to break through the German lines. 1038 00:53:35,239 --> 00:53:37,989 Suddenly we were called to parade with full marching order, 1039 00:53:37,989 --> 00:53:40,823 and we had to go back up the front, and we'd only been out of the line 1040 00:53:40,823 --> 00:53:42,240 a couple of days. 1041 00:53:42,240 --> 00:53:46,073 We could see streams of supplies, mostly ammunition columns, 1042 00:53:46,073 --> 00:53:48,407 going up toward the front. 1043 00:53:48,407 --> 00:53:50,782 We didn't have a lot of notice, but we knew it was going 1044 00:53:50,782 --> 00:53:52,240 to be a big advance. 1045 00:54:06,616 --> 00:54:08,116 So batteries pushed forward, 1046 00:54:08,116 --> 00:54:10,408 forward positions filled up with ammunition. 1047 00:54:10,408 --> 00:54:12,950 Let's get these ladders up. 1048 00:54:12,950 --> 00:54:16,950 As the great push drew nearer, the line livened up. It began to get 1049 00:54:16,950 --> 00:54:19,617 much more dangerous and not nearly so much fun. 1050 00:54:19,617 --> 00:54:22,492 And we learnt that a bayonet charge was to be made 1051 00:54:22,492 --> 00:54:25,617 on German machine gunners. 1052 00:54:25,617 --> 00:54:28,576 "I wish it to be impressed on all ranks, the importance 1053 00:54:28,576 --> 00:54:31,284 "of the operations about to commence. 1054 00:54:31,284 --> 00:54:34,034 "The Germans are now outnumbered and outgunned 1055 00:54:34,034 --> 00:54:36,284 "and will soon go to pieces if every man goes 1056 00:54:36,284 --> 00:54:38,409 "into the fight determined to get through 1057 00:54:38,409 --> 00:54:40,493 "whatever the local difficulties may be. 1058 00:54:40,493 --> 00:54:43,576 "I am confident that the brigade will distinguish itself in this, 1059 00:54:43,576 --> 00:54:44,993 "its first battle. 1060 00:54:44,993 --> 00:54:48,618 "Let every man remember that all England is watching him." 1061 00:54:48,618 --> 00:54:52,327 We marched all through the night, and it got so bad that officers 1062 00:54:52,327 --> 00:54:56,077 at the side were pushing men back into line who were straggling out, 1063 00:54:56,077 --> 00:54:59,661 and your legs just seemed to go automatically forward. 1064 00:54:59,661 --> 00:55:02,161 I had a feeling that we were walking in our sleep. 1065 00:55:02,161 --> 00:55:03,953 More men were brought into the line, 1066 00:55:03,953 --> 00:55:06,953 regiments were crowded up closer together. 1067 00:55:06,953 --> 00:55:11,078 We were filling up the trenches, packed in like sardines. 1068 00:55:11,078 --> 00:55:14,995 Our captain was a splendid man. He would never bark an order at you, 1069 00:55:14,995 --> 00:55:17,620 he would give an order in a conversational way. 1070 00:55:17,620 --> 00:55:19,745 "We don't know exactly how far this trench is, 1071 00:55:19,745 --> 00:55:22,620 "but between 200 and 300 yards. 1072 00:55:22,620 --> 00:55:25,787 "I will go over with the first wave and you will be in the second wave. 1073 00:55:25,787 --> 00:55:29,246 "And as soon as the curtain fire starts, we'll move. 1074 00:55:29,246 --> 00:55:31,746 "Now, go along and tell your men to be ready." 1075 00:55:31,746 --> 00:55:34,579 And this is the sort of order we got. 1076 00:55:34,579 --> 00:55:37,663 I had two assorted companies, both ignorant of what their conduct 1077 00:55:37,663 --> 00:55:39,371 would be when they got into action. 1078 00:55:39,371 --> 00:55:42,246 So Captain Neville thought it might be helpful if he could furnish 1079 00:55:42,246 --> 00:55:44,996 each platoon with a football and allow them to kick it forward 1080 00:55:44,996 --> 00:55:46,372 and follow it. 1081 00:55:46,372 --> 00:55:48,788 I think myself that it did help them enormously, 1082 00:55:48,788 --> 00:55:50,663 it took their minds off it. 1083 00:55:50,663 --> 00:55:53,955 We had an extra bandolier of ammunition around our necks, 1084 00:55:53,955 --> 00:55:56,539 and if you didn't have a shovel, you had a pick. 1085 00:55:56,539 --> 00:55:59,664 We got in the trenches and we waited for zero hour. 1086 00:55:59,664 --> 00:56:02,414 All the watches were synchronised. 1087 00:56:02,414 --> 00:56:04,789 I was what's called a first bayonet man, 1088 00:56:04,789 --> 00:56:07,123 which meant that I carried the rifle with the bayonet 1089 00:56:07,123 --> 00:56:08,623 in the attacking position, 1090 00:56:08,623 --> 00:56:10,956 and the rest of the men carried bags of bombs. 1091 00:56:13,415 --> 00:56:16,123 And we were warned to be ready to advance at any moment. 1092 00:56:16,123 --> 00:56:19,332 "Any moment" was quite a long time coming and, of course, that added 1093 00:56:19,332 --> 00:56:21,332 to the tension that we were feeling. 1094 00:56:23,457 --> 00:56:26,874 My platoon had been told to go out and test the fire. 1095 00:56:26,874 --> 00:56:29,749 We had to get out and walk towards the enemy. 1096 00:56:29,749 --> 00:56:34,374 We went about 200 yards and then they called us back again. 1097 00:56:34,374 --> 00:56:38,333 There was to be no preliminary bombardment the days beforehand, 1098 00:56:38,333 --> 00:56:42,291 there was only one short, sharp barrage just before the battle. 1099 00:56:44,333 --> 00:56:47,083 You've got to have the artillery preparation 1100 00:56:47,083 --> 00:56:48,833 to smash their wire down. 1101 00:56:48,833 --> 00:56:50,125 Fire! 1102 00:56:50,125 --> 00:56:54,250 I ordered fire on possible enemy assembly and forming-up positions. 1103 00:56:54,250 --> 00:56:58,709 The bombardment started and the ground shook. 1104 00:57:00,542 --> 00:57:05,126 And we could see the hundreds and hundreds of gun flashes. 1105 00:57:06,251 --> 00:57:07,876 Ready, fire! 1106 00:57:17,126 --> 00:57:21,127 As soon as the bombardment started, the German retaliation came. 1107 00:57:24,919 --> 00:57:27,294 For four hours, we had to sit there and take everything 1108 00:57:27,294 --> 00:57:28,960 they slung at us. 1109 00:57:30,377 --> 00:57:33,252 And first of all, a large number of tanks went in. 1110 00:57:33,252 --> 00:57:36,461 We could hear them rumbling and rattling. 1111 00:57:36,461 --> 00:57:39,128 320 tanks crawling along. 1112 00:57:39,128 --> 00:57:42,086 We waited for the signal to move off. 1113 00:57:42,086 --> 00:57:46,920 Already, everybody was anxious to go, but we waited and waited. 1114 00:57:48,962 --> 00:57:51,170 We got no sleep at all that night, owing to the noise 1115 00:57:51,170 --> 00:57:55,920 of our artillery barrage, which was continuous, the whole time. 1116 00:57:55,920 --> 00:57:58,504 We was asked to hand over any personal belongings 1117 00:57:58,504 --> 00:58:01,837 to our company officer, such as photographs and letters 1118 00:58:01,837 --> 00:58:04,504 that we valued. 1119 00:58:04,504 --> 00:58:07,713 I heard soft voices talking to one another quietly, 1120 00:58:07,713 --> 00:58:10,713 and I wondered - how many are going to live to see the sun rise? 1121 00:58:10,713 --> 00:58:13,588 In a man's pay book, there was provision for making a valid will 1122 00:58:13,588 --> 00:58:16,130 if they were going into action for the first time. 1123 00:58:16,130 --> 00:58:18,505 I didn't bother with it, I had nothing to leave anybody. 1124 00:58:18,505 --> 00:58:20,297 HE LAUGHS 1125 00:58:20,297 --> 00:58:23,130 The fellow next to you, he was your best friend. 1126 00:58:23,130 --> 00:58:25,672 You perhaps didn't know him the day before. 1127 00:58:25,672 --> 00:58:27,922 And then an hour to go, they were the longest 1128 00:58:27,922 --> 00:58:30,630 and the shortest hours in life. 1129 00:58:30,630 --> 00:58:33,006 We had unlimited time for thinking, 1130 00:58:33,006 --> 00:58:36,172 and I know I found myself thinking much more deeply 1131 00:58:36,172 --> 00:58:38,881 than I had ever thought before. 1132 00:58:38,881 --> 00:58:40,881 Some people might be incapable of thinking, 1133 00:58:40,881 --> 00:58:43,298 they might have regarded the situation as being such 1134 00:58:43,298 --> 00:58:45,006 that they were incapable of thought. 1135 00:58:45,006 --> 00:58:47,006 I don't think there was any feeling of fear, 1136 00:58:47,006 --> 00:58:49,382 it was just that we were doing a job 1137 00:58:49,382 --> 00:58:51,507 and if it came, it came. 1138 00:58:51,507 --> 00:58:56,090 We realised that, sooner or later, we were going to get the chop. 1139 00:58:56,090 --> 00:58:58,465 You were either going to be killed or wounded. 1140 00:58:58,465 --> 00:59:01,674 I was not in the least frightened being killed, 1141 00:59:01,674 --> 00:59:05,507 but I was terrified lest I should lose an arm or a leg. 1142 00:59:05,507 --> 00:59:08,674 Waiting for an hour for an attack is not a very pleasant thing. 1143 00:59:08,674 --> 00:59:12,924 We sort of chatted away, trying to keep the spirits up, you see. 1144 00:59:12,924 --> 00:59:16,633 We told dirty stories and made crude remarks. 1145 00:59:16,633 --> 00:59:19,508 We had 1,000 guns massed on a mile front behind us. 1146 00:59:19,508 --> 00:59:21,842 Well, you can imagine all this stuff coming over you, 1147 00:59:21,842 --> 00:59:23,883 we had the German stuff coming the other way. 1148 00:59:23,883 --> 00:59:27,842 The noise rose to a crescendo such as I'd never heard before. 1149 00:59:27,842 --> 00:59:29,884 You wouldn't hear a word. 1150 00:59:29,884 --> 00:59:34,009 The shells were passing over you probably three foot, four foot. 1151 00:59:34,009 --> 00:59:37,884 And the air, it was an inferno, and your line was another inferno. 1152 00:59:37,884 --> 00:59:40,176 Reason was completely blasted out of it. 1153 00:59:40,176 --> 00:59:43,551 The bombardment created a sort of hysterical feeling. 1154 00:59:43,551 --> 00:59:45,968 All of a sudden, one of our fellas started crying, 1155 00:59:45,968 --> 00:59:48,885 really screaming and crying. The officer in charge telling 1156 00:59:48,885 --> 00:59:52,635 the Sergeant, "Find that man and shoot him, shoot him!" 1157 00:59:52,635 --> 00:59:55,135 It's difficult to explain the reaction of a man 1158 00:59:55,135 --> 00:59:57,677 when he is in a big bombardment. 1159 00:59:57,677 --> 01:00:01,427 He thought that this man's screaming and crying would be a danger 1160 01:00:01,427 --> 01:00:03,219 to the rest of the men. 1161 01:00:03,219 --> 01:00:05,636 As soon as it was light, we were given a ration of rum, 1162 01:00:05,636 --> 01:00:08,011 any amount of it, as much as you can drink. 1163 01:00:08,011 --> 01:00:10,344 And we got the order to fix bayonets. 1164 01:00:10,344 --> 01:00:12,303 Fix bayonets! Fix bayonets! 1165 01:00:12,303 --> 01:00:13,928 Bayonets fixed! 1166 01:00:13,928 --> 01:00:18,136 It was a beautiful day, the way it dawned after a rainy night. 1167 01:00:18,136 --> 01:00:19,511 A beautiful day. 1168 01:00:19,511 --> 01:00:23,678 Five minutes to go, I remember those lads standing there, dead silent, 1169 01:00:23,678 --> 01:00:25,220 couldn't make a noise. 1170 01:00:25,220 --> 01:00:27,929 I was more frightened sitting, waiting to start. 1171 01:00:27,929 --> 01:00:30,720 I was very frightened then, very frightened indeed. 1172 01:00:30,720 --> 01:00:34,304 And an officer shouted along the line, "Is everybody ready?" 1173 01:00:34,304 --> 01:00:37,304 And I called out, "I can't get my bayonet on my rifle, sir." 1174 01:00:37,304 --> 01:00:39,721 And he said, "Damn you, mate, hurry up." 1175 01:00:39,721 --> 01:00:41,971 I sent back a message to brigade headquarters 1176 01:00:41,971 --> 01:00:43,471 to say we were all ready. 1177 01:00:43,471 --> 01:00:45,805 But unfortunately a slight mistake occurred. 1178 01:00:45,805 --> 01:00:48,846 The first thing they knew was a terrific tremor on the ground. 1179 01:00:48,846 --> 01:00:51,888 We blew a mine, which should have been under the German trenches 1180 01:00:51,888 --> 01:00:53,513 but it wasn't. 1181 01:00:56,930 --> 01:00:59,639 It was in no-man's-land, and that gave the Germans five minutes 1182 01:00:59,639 --> 01:01:01,805 to occupy the crater, which they did. 1183 01:01:04,639 --> 01:01:08,264 Sergeant Moore, he was standing behind the trench with a revolver 1184 01:01:08,264 --> 01:01:11,389 in his hand and he said, "Any boy goes back, I shoot them." 1185 01:01:11,389 --> 01:01:14,764 So that if we didn't go one way, we wouldn't go the other. 1186 01:01:14,764 --> 01:01:17,265 There wasn't a reluctance to go over the top, 1187 01:01:17,265 --> 01:01:18,931 not with people I were with. 1188 01:01:18,931 --> 01:01:20,556 Fire! 1189 01:01:22,307 --> 01:01:23,682 Fire! 1190 01:01:23,682 --> 01:01:26,890 They put a curtain of shells over you and you advanced. 1191 01:01:28,182 --> 01:01:30,015 That was the theory, I think. 1192 01:01:30,015 --> 01:01:31,807 Fire! Fire! 1193 01:01:31,807 --> 01:01:34,724 I realised this was the moment of the assault. 1194 01:01:34,724 --> 01:01:36,432 And then zero hour. 1195 01:01:36,432 --> 01:01:39,474 Somebody shouted, "There they go!" BAGPIPES PLAY 1196 01:01:39,474 --> 01:01:42,141 To the left were the London Scottish, running forward. 1197 01:01:42,141 --> 01:01:44,724 I gave the order of "up the ladders, over the top". 1198 01:01:44,724 --> 01:01:46,933 WHISTLE BLOWS 1199 01:01:48,058 --> 01:01:51,058 And after this, you lived in a world of noise, 1200 01:01:51,058 --> 01:01:53,017 simply noise for hours. 1201 01:01:56,517 --> 01:01:59,225 As soon as you get over the top, fear has left you. 1202 01:01:59,225 --> 01:02:02,184 You didn't run, there was no shouting nor cheering, 1203 01:02:02,184 --> 01:02:04,226 everybody was deadly quiet. 1204 01:02:04,226 --> 01:02:07,351 Just as I stepped into no-man's-land, somebody was shot 1205 01:02:07,351 --> 01:02:10,559 through the head and his skull was splintered. 1206 01:02:10,559 --> 01:02:13,309 It wasn't a good send-off, I can assure you. 1207 01:02:13,309 --> 01:02:19,226 The barrage proceeded into the enemy lines in steps of 100 yards 1208 01:02:19,226 --> 01:02:20,643 at a time. 1209 01:02:20,643 --> 01:02:23,143 Fire! 1210 01:02:23,143 --> 01:02:26,102 The line of British troops, fixed bayonets, walking quite steadily 1211 01:02:26,102 --> 01:02:27,893 behind the barrage. 1212 01:02:27,893 --> 01:02:29,685 It is a sight I shall never forget. 1213 01:02:29,685 --> 01:02:32,769 To start with, we'd had the odd machinegun firing, 1214 01:02:32,769 --> 01:02:36,436 but remarkably little, and it seemed almost too good to be true. 1215 01:02:36,436 --> 01:02:40,561 We then realised the Germans had been containing their fire 1216 01:02:40,561 --> 01:02:43,519 until they saw how far the attack was developing. 1217 01:02:43,519 --> 01:02:47,270 Unknown to us, there was 10 to 20 German machine guns. 1218 01:02:47,270 --> 01:02:49,561 Then all hell broke loose. 1219 01:02:49,561 --> 01:02:52,853 And, my God, he really opened up and he let us have it. 1220 01:02:52,853 --> 01:02:54,478 It just swept us. 1221 01:02:54,478 --> 01:02:56,478 MACHINE-GUNFIRE 1222 01:02:56,478 --> 01:02:58,520 MEN SHOUT 1223 01:03:00,437 --> 01:03:02,229 Keep moving, laddie! 1224 01:03:07,187 --> 01:03:10,062 MEN SCREAM AND SHOUT 1225 01:03:11,896 --> 01:03:15,229 Machinegun bullets came at us like hailstones. 1226 01:03:15,229 --> 01:03:18,396 I didn't realise that it was swish, swish with bullets. 1227 01:03:18,396 --> 01:03:21,188 I looked round and people were dropping all round you. 1228 01:03:21,188 --> 01:03:24,522 I mean, they just faded away on either side of you. 1229 01:03:24,522 --> 01:03:28,188 And I thought, what are they shooting at me for? 1230 01:03:28,188 --> 01:03:31,897 I hadn't gone more than a few yards before I was shot in the thigh. 1231 01:03:31,897 --> 01:03:34,480 There was a captain alongside me with his revolver out 1232 01:03:34,480 --> 01:03:36,231 and, all of a sudden, he dropped. 1233 01:03:36,231 --> 01:03:38,439 And then another chap, he was hit in the leg, 1234 01:03:38,439 --> 01:03:43,273 but he continued with great bounds, hopping on one leg. 1235 01:03:43,273 --> 01:03:46,523 When the bullets hit the tank, the metal flakes were whirling 1236 01:03:46,523 --> 01:03:48,856 around like razor blades inside the tank. 1237 01:03:48,856 --> 01:03:51,481 You could see men dropping, but you didn't take any notice. 1238 01:03:51,481 --> 01:03:53,690 If you didn't get hit, you just carried on. 1239 01:03:53,690 --> 01:03:56,315 I suddenly found myself with a terrible pain in my left hand 1240 01:03:56,315 --> 01:03:59,398 as if someone had caned me, and I found a big hole in it. 1241 01:03:59,398 --> 01:04:02,940 A man was running across the front of me and he was shot to the body 1242 01:04:02,940 --> 01:04:07,566 because the contents of his wallet were flung out forward of me. 1243 01:04:07,566 --> 01:04:09,982 I felt a terrific bang on my right arm 1244 01:04:09,982 --> 01:04:13,024 and the blood started running off the end of my hand. 1245 01:04:13,024 --> 01:04:15,441 I just didn't think that this German machinegun would 1246 01:04:15,441 --> 01:04:17,774 trouble to even fire at me, but the next thing I felt 1247 01:04:17,774 --> 01:04:21,608 a shock of quite a number of bullets hitting the right side of my body. 1248 01:04:21,608 --> 01:04:25,525 A hare crossed my path with eyes bulging in fear, 1249 01:04:25,525 --> 01:04:28,900 but I felt that it couldn't have been half as frightened as I was. 1250 01:04:28,900 --> 01:04:31,484 You could see your mates going down right and left, 1251 01:04:31,484 --> 01:04:34,275 and you were face-to-face with the stark realisation 1252 01:04:34,275 --> 01:04:35,775 that this was the end of it. 1253 01:04:35,775 --> 01:04:39,026 The two in front of me went down wounded in the head and chest. 1254 01:04:39,026 --> 01:04:41,776 Those bloody bullets got me in the leg and blew a great big hole 1255 01:04:41,776 --> 01:04:44,859 in the back. It didn't hurt. 1256 01:04:44,859 --> 01:04:47,109 Life was very, very hazardous indeed 1257 01:04:47,109 --> 01:04:49,360 and we proceeded in this fashion, some getting hit 1258 01:04:49,360 --> 01:04:50,860 and others carrying along. 1259 01:04:50,860 --> 01:04:53,026 You hadn't got time to deliberate upon things. 1260 01:04:53,026 --> 01:04:55,693 Machinegun bullets might be coming over, but they weren't 1261 01:04:55,693 --> 01:04:58,527 hitting you and you just go on. 1262 01:04:58,527 --> 01:05:01,652 They say your past comes up when you think you're going to die, 1263 01:05:01,652 --> 01:05:04,402 but I hadn't got very much past at 19. 1264 01:05:04,402 --> 01:05:06,777 And when I saw these bullets coming along, 1265 01:05:06,777 --> 01:05:09,152 all I thought was - am I going to live? 1266 01:05:09,152 --> 01:05:11,361 Of course, if the thing hits you fair and square 1267 01:05:11,361 --> 01:05:14,028 and you die immediately, you don't feel anything at all, 1268 01:05:14,028 --> 01:05:15,944 nothing to it. 1269 01:05:15,944 --> 01:05:18,694 First wave were all absolutely wiped out. 1270 01:05:18,694 --> 01:05:20,695 Everybody was either killed or wounded. 1271 01:05:20,695 --> 01:05:23,278 There were so many dead laying about, it was hard to avoid 1272 01:05:23,278 --> 01:05:24,653 treading on them. 1273 01:05:24,653 --> 01:05:27,362 I was trying to step over them and the sergeant behind me said, 1274 01:05:27,362 --> 01:05:29,362 "Go on, you mustn't take any notice of that, 1275 01:05:29,362 --> 01:05:31,070 "you keep going." 1276 01:05:31,070 --> 01:05:33,779 And we were literally walking over the dead bodies 1277 01:05:33,779 --> 01:05:35,237 of our comrades. 1278 01:05:35,237 --> 01:05:38,571 The carnage is just indescribable. 1279 01:05:38,571 --> 01:05:41,696 I had in my path about 2,000 dead, British and German. 1280 01:05:41,696 --> 01:05:45,363 An attempt to clear any dead man from our path was impossible 1281 01:05:45,363 --> 01:05:49,279 because of the shelling and we ploughed over the lot. 1282 01:05:49,279 --> 01:05:52,488 Any shell bursting within a few yards of the tank 1283 01:05:52,488 --> 01:05:54,863 seemed to lift it up in the air 1284 01:05:54,863 --> 01:05:58,655 and you felt a tremendous back pressure. 1285 01:05:58,655 --> 01:06:01,322 The noise of battle when you're out in the middle of it 1286 01:06:01,322 --> 01:06:04,905 is so terrific that you don't hear any individual shots even. 1287 01:06:04,905 --> 01:06:07,864 And we had to stop in front of the German wire. 1288 01:06:07,864 --> 01:06:10,697 It was quite impossible to advance any further because of the 1289 01:06:10,697 --> 01:06:13,364 barbed wire and the machinegun posts, which were about 1290 01:06:13,364 --> 01:06:14,823 50 yards further on. 1291 01:06:14,823 --> 01:06:17,114 The wire in front of us was quite uncut, 1292 01:06:17,114 --> 01:06:19,073 despite the intense bombardment. 1293 01:06:19,073 --> 01:06:21,073 You couldn't see anything but this wire, 1294 01:06:21,073 --> 01:06:23,406 it seemed to be acres and acres of it. 1295 01:06:23,406 --> 01:06:25,990 It was just black with rust. 1296 01:06:25,990 --> 01:06:28,615 I don't think a rabbit could have got through it. 1297 01:06:28,615 --> 01:06:31,782 Then our own artillery started dropping shells amongst us. 1298 01:06:35,199 --> 01:06:36,990 SCREAMING 1299 01:06:38,032 --> 01:06:40,532 Obviously they hadn't got their range or they didn't know 1300 01:06:40,532 --> 01:06:42,616 where we were. 1301 01:06:42,616 --> 01:06:46,033 I heard the first shrapnel shell burst above my head. 1302 01:06:46,033 --> 01:06:48,616 There was a terrific whiz, that was the disappearance 1303 01:06:48,616 --> 01:06:50,574 of my steel helmet. 1304 01:06:50,574 --> 01:06:52,450 I never found it again. 1305 01:06:52,450 --> 01:06:55,783 I got a bit off the cheek of my backside, a piece in my hip, 1306 01:06:55,783 --> 01:06:59,117 a piece in my leg, then a piece right through my leg. 1307 01:06:59,117 --> 01:07:01,742 The fellow to my left took the full blast of the shell 1308 01:07:01,742 --> 01:07:04,159 and had half his head blown away. 1309 01:07:04,159 --> 01:07:07,367 Bullets were catching us and shrapnel was coming down overhead 1310 01:07:07,367 --> 01:07:10,576 and we had all the German artillery banging away at us 1311 01:07:10,576 --> 01:07:12,492 and our own artillery going over. 1312 01:07:12,492 --> 01:07:14,367 The shells were exploding all round you 1313 01:07:14,367 --> 01:07:17,118 and it was a real good old battle and it got hold of you, sort of. 1314 01:07:17,118 --> 01:07:19,701 BAGPIPES PLAY 1315 01:07:19,701 --> 01:07:23,951 One had no sanity at all because the inferno was so blasting 1316 01:07:23,951 --> 01:07:26,201 that you had no time to think. 1317 01:07:26,201 --> 01:07:31,368 That din, that numbing din seemed to stop one doing the things 1318 01:07:31,368 --> 01:07:34,952 that one would normally do, no matter how well-intentioned one was. 1319 01:07:36,535 --> 01:07:38,119 You don't look, you see. 1320 01:07:38,119 --> 01:07:39,786 You don't hear, you listen. 1321 01:07:39,786 --> 01:07:42,119 You taste the top of your mouth, your nose is filled 1322 01:07:42,119 --> 01:07:43,869 with fumes and death. 1323 01:07:43,869 --> 01:07:47,203 The veneer of civilisation has dropped away. 1324 01:07:47,203 --> 01:07:50,786 I was literally blown about 12 or 14 yards and all that I could hear 1325 01:07:50,786 --> 01:07:53,495 was the cries and screams from the survivors, 1326 01:07:53,495 --> 01:07:56,120 sometimes in two, sometimes in three parts. 1327 01:07:56,120 --> 01:07:58,828 Legs, arms all strewn all over the place 1328 01:07:58,828 --> 01:08:01,453 and that arid smell of explosion. 1329 01:08:01,453 --> 01:08:06,287 Well, all my romantic ideas of war completely vanished. 1330 01:08:06,287 --> 01:08:09,537 A shell had hit this man, it knocked off his left arm, 1331 01:08:09,537 --> 01:08:11,246 knocked off his left leg, 1332 01:08:11,246 --> 01:08:13,662 his left eye was hanging on his cheek 1333 01:08:13,662 --> 01:08:16,079 and he's calling out for Nanny. 1334 01:08:16,079 --> 01:08:18,288 His bleeding eye was hanging on, pulsing. 1335 01:08:19,829 --> 01:08:21,663 So I shot him. 1336 01:08:21,663 --> 01:08:24,330 I had to, I had to shoot him. 1337 01:08:24,330 --> 01:08:28,538 He'd have died in any case and it put him out of his misery. 1338 01:08:28,538 --> 01:08:30,205 HE SOBS: It hurt me. 1339 01:08:32,497 --> 01:08:34,455 I knew there was no hope of getting any orders 1340 01:08:34,455 --> 01:08:36,664 because there was nobody to give any. 1341 01:08:36,664 --> 01:08:40,289 All officers was killed and wounded, and most of the NCOs. 1342 01:08:40,289 --> 01:08:41,997 I jumped into this big shell hole. 1343 01:08:41,997 --> 01:08:44,872 You dropped down anywhere, shell holes, anywhere at all 1344 01:08:44,872 --> 01:08:48,164 just to take cover until the barrage lifted. 1345 01:08:48,164 --> 01:08:51,206 I'm not one of those heroes who want to take the German army on my own, 1346 01:08:51,206 --> 01:08:53,790 so I went to work and I got down behind the lip 1347 01:08:53,790 --> 01:08:55,873 of a big shell hole. 1348 01:08:55,873 --> 01:08:58,915 Fortunately, I was able to drop into a shell hole. 1349 01:08:58,915 --> 01:09:01,665 Used to call them shell hole droppers, they would drop down 1350 01:09:01,665 --> 01:09:03,248 into a shell hole 1351 01:09:03,248 --> 01:09:06,332 because of the barrage and seeing a few men killed. 1352 01:09:06,332 --> 01:09:08,499 It's a pity they didn't all drop into shell holes. 1353 01:09:08,499 --> 01:09:10,915 Before the barrage lifted, they were dead. 1354 01:09:10,915 --> 01:09:12,416 SCREAMING 1355 01:09:12,416 --> 01:09:15,582 And the bullets were hitting the back of the shell hole where I was. 1356 01:09:15,582 --> 01:09:17,041 It was raining bullets. 1357 01:09:17,041 --> 01:09:18,791 I don't know how I got missed. 1358 01:09:18,791 --> 01:09:22,333 From behind the lip of this shell hole, the dirt was spraying down 1359 01:09:22,333 --> 01:09:24,000 the back of my neck. 1360 01:09:24,000 --> 01:09:26,666 There were three chaps in the shell hole and one of them said, 1361 01:09:26,666 --> 01:09:28,666 "They're firing into a bloody shell hole." 1362 01:09:28,666 --> 01:09:31,625 We looked round to see the bullets go right through his head. 1363 01:09:31,625 --> 01:09:33,083 So that was the end of that. 1364 01:09:33,083 --> 01:09:36,625 A sergeant came down into the shell hole on top of us 1365 01:09:36,625 --> 01:09:38,542 and he was dead, he got it through the neck. 1366 01:09:38,542 --> 01:09:41,459 Anyway, he had a lovely pair of field glasses round his neck 1367 01:09:41,459 --> 01:09:44,126 and I nabbed them. Because things were so scarce, 1368 01:09:44,126 --> 01:09:47,001 if there was anything like that, you'd collar it. 1369 01:09:47,001 --> 01:09:51,334 Jerry slapped shell after shell into us until one shell penetrated 1370 01:09:51,334 --> 01:09:53,209 the forward part of the tank. 1371 01:09:53,209 --> 01:09:55,668 What happened then, I cannot tell you but I believe 1372 01:09:55,668 --> 01:09:57,460 there was an explosion. 1373 01:09:57,460 --> 01:10:00,543 These were fully trained soldiers, we always had the rifles loaded, 1374 01:10:00,543 --> 01:10:03,085 but we stuck in the extra five rounds to make it 1375 01:10:03,085 --> 01:10:04,877 a ten for rapid-fire. 1376 01:10:04,877 --> 01:10:08,127 The Germans got up in their own trenches and fired at us. 1377 01:10:08,127 --> 01:10:11,960 In my opinion, they were very brave, very brave men indeed. 1378 01:10:11,960 --> 01:10:15,627 There was a German standing up on his parapet and flinging bombs. 1379 01:10:15,627 --> 01:10:17,544 So I shot him. 1380 01:10:17,544 --> 01:10:20,628 They officer gave us orders, "Open immediate rapid-fire." 1381 01:10:20,628 --> 01:10:24,586 We all opened up as fast as we could go and continually fired. 1382 01:10:24,586 --> 01:10:26,920 It was a real mad minute, I'll tell you. 1383 01:10:26,920 --> 01:10:29,211 They stood up and I was picking the Germans off 1384 01:10:29,211 --> 01:10:31,420 because I was a sniper. 1385 01:10:31,420 --> 01:10:34,295 I was trying to pick a shot and something hit me 1386 01:10:34,295 --> 01:10:36,920 between the eyes like a sledgehammer. 1387 01:10:36,920 --> 01:10:38,587 I dissolved into unconsciousness 1388 01:10:38,587 --> 01:10:41,545 with no pain, but with millions of golden stars 1389 01:10:41,545 --> 01:10:43,587 in a dark blue heaven. 1390 01:10:43,587 --> 01:10:45,712 After I'd used up a whole lot of bullets, 1391 01:10:45,712 --> 01:10:48,254 I got down, I says, "You have a go, Bill." 1392 01:10:48,254 --> 01:10:51,838 He didn't even fire a shot, he was killed immediately. 1393 01:10:51,838 --> 01:10:53,463 That's how things were. 1394 01:10:53,463 --> 01:10:56,130 You felt aggrieved, it was a pal of yours. 1395 01:10:56,130 --> 01:11:00,880 But you took it casually because I suppose you become battle hardened. 1396 01:11:00,880 --> 01:11:04,088 We kept up rapid-fire there as long as our rifles would work. 1397 01:11:04,088 --> 01:11:05,838 They got too hot to fire any more. 1398 01:11:05,838 --> 01:11:08,255 Fat was pouring out the woodwork of the rifles, 1399 01:11:08,255 --> 01:11:10,547 the muzzles were beginning to extend. 1400 01:11:10,547 --> 01:11:13,131 Then we got an order from the captain, we must make 1401 01:11:13,131 --> 01:11:17,547 a barricade of the dead, the German dead and our own dead. 1402 01:11:17,547 --> 01:11:20,964 My captain, at that time, was anxious to go on and keep it up, 1403 01:11:20,964 --> 01:11:23,256 but I'm afraid he died. 1404 01:11:23,256 --> 01:11:25,506 I had three men loading up these rifles with me 1405 01:11:25,506 --> 01:11:27,090 and I peppered the whole line. 1406 01:11:27,090 --> 01:11:31,215 And judging by the shouts and screams, I took a very good toll. 1407 01:11:31,215 --> 01:11:34,673 There was machinegun spraying on the lip of our shell hole. 1408 01:11:34,673 --> 01:11:37,007 I waited until the belt of that gun had fired 1409 01:11:37,007 --> 01:11:39,382 and immediately carried on the advance. 1410 01:11:39,382 --> 01:11:42,840 The sergeant said, "Follow me." 1411 01:11:42,840 --> 01:11:44,716 I managed to crawl under the wire - 1412 01:11:44,716 --> 01:11:47,591 a lot of us got through in that way - and gathered together 1413 01:11:47,591 --> 01:11:49,883 on the German side of the wire. 1414 01:11:49,883 --> 01:11:52,758 All the shells screamed over our heads onto the German posts 1415 01:11:52,758 --> 01:11:54,216 and then suddenly stopped. 1416 01:11:54,216 --> 01:11:56,633 "Come on, lads, give them hell," and we just got up 1417 01:11:56,633 --> 01:11:58,466 and rushed forward. 1418 01:11:58,466 --> 01:12:01,258 In the bayonet charge, the majority of us always 1419 01:12:01,258 --> 01:12:04,425 had a round up the spout, besides the magazine. 1420 01:12:04,425 --> 01:12:07,092 There was a feeling of exultation that with a rifle, bayonet 1421 01:12:07,092 --> 01:12:09,884 and a couple of Mills bombs in your pocket, we were going to be able 1422 01:12:09,884 --> 01:12:12,634 to get stuck into the bastards that had been killing our mates. 1423 01:12:12,634 --> 01:12:15,217 And we went like hell, straight into the Germans. 1424 01:12:16,301 --> 01:12:19,176 SCREAMING AND RAPID GUNFIRE 1425 01:12:23,759 --> 01:12:26,468 And we fired at anything that moved. 1426 01:12:26,468 --> 01:12:28,676 I dropped down on my knees and the sergeant fired 1427 01:12:28,676 --> 01:12:31,551 over my shoulder and hit the German. 1428 01:12:31,551 --> 01:12:33,760 He was on the ground but still firing, so he went up 1429 01:12:33,760 --> 01:12:34,968 and killed him. 1430 01:12:34,968 --> 01:12:37,427 There was only one method of bayonet fighting, that is to 1431 01:12:37,427 --> 01:12:39,677 shove your bayonet in as hard as you could. 1432 01:12:39,677 --> 01:12:42,260 There was this German on the floor of the trench, 1433 01:12:42,260 --> 01:12:43,802 and the poor bugger was dead scared. 1434 01:12:43,802 --> 01:12:46,261 So one of them wondered whether to stick him or shoot him, 1435 01:12:46,261 --> 01:12:48,719 the German jumped out away to my left, another one 1436 01:12:48,719 --> 01:12:51,303 on the right, so I pinned this German down, then shot 1437 01:12:51,303 --> 01:12:54,678 the German on the left, worked my bolt, put another one 1438 01:12:54,678 --> 01:12:57,761 up the spout, and shot the German who was running away on the right. 1439 01:12:57,761 --> 01:13:00,553 Quite a number of Germans came in a rush and we shot them, 1440 01:13:00,553 --> 01:13:02,095 one by one. 1441 01:13:02,095 --> 01:13:03,678 We probably killed the lot. 1442 01:13:03,678 --> 01:13:08,095 Some chap said, "Poor old Dick got it," and I looked around and saw him 1443 01:13:08,095 --> 01:13:10,345 lying with the top of his head off. 1444 01:13:10,345 --> 01:13:13,679 On their right flank came a German with a canister on his back, 1445 01:13:13,679 --> 01:13:16,262 squirting this liquid fire out of the hose. 1446 01:13:16,262 --> 01:13:19,262 I looked towards jets of flame coming across the trench. 1447 01:13:19,262 --> 01:13:21,012 We'd never heard of flame-throwers. 1448 01:13:21,012 --> 01:13:22,804 Burnt 23 of our chaps to death. 1449 01:13:22,804 --> 01:13:25,304 I plonked one into his chest, but it didn't stop him, 1450 01:13:25,304 --> 01:13:28,013 he must have had an armour-plated waistcoat on. 1451 01:13:28,013 --> 01:13:31,013 I got a bang in the arm and found I was bleeding. 1452 01:13:31,013 --> 01:13:33,221 But I could bomb pretty well with my left arm 1453 01:13:33,221 --> 01:13:35,097 as I could with my right. 1454 01:13:35,097 --> 01:13:37,722 Somebody threw a Mills bomb, and it burst behind him, 1455 01:13:37,722 --> 01:13:40,097 and he wasn't armour-plated behind him, he went down. 1456 01:13:40,097 --> 01:13:42,472 One German came running out of this trench, 1457 01:13:42,472 --> 01:13:45,431 screaming his head off, he nearly knocked me over. 1458 01:13:45,431 --> 01:13:48,014 Three Germans came out with their hands up, 1459 01:13:48,014 --> 01:13:50,347 and they were young chaps about our own age, 1460 01:13:50,347 --> 01:13:52,306 about 19 or 20. 1461 01:13:52,306 --> 01:13:55,681 If Jerries came up with their hands up, we just waved them on, 1462 01:13:55,681 --> 01:13:58,431 we didn't fire at them, obviously. 1463 01:13:58,431 --> 01:14:00,931 Prisoners were a nuisance! 1464 01:14:00,931 --> 01:14:03,223 We were shooing them back, you know, get rid of them. 1465 01:14:03,223 --> 01:14:07,223 The only Germans we were really fighting were the machine gunners. 1466 01:14:07,223 --> 01:14:09,390 They were firing belt after belt after us, 1467 01:14:09,390 --> 01:14:10,974 and they never stopped firing. 1468 01:14:10,974 --> 01:14:13,932 The bloody cartridge cases were piled up in a heap. 1469 01:14:13,932 --> 01:14:16,391 They'd got all their best men on machine guns, 1470 01:14:16,391 --> 01:14:17,932 and they fought to the death. 1471 01:14:17,932 --> 01:14:20,807 The cog opened, and there was three Jerries there in front 1472 01:14:20,807 --> 01:14:23,016 of the machinegun, and of course the bloody gun 1473 01:14:23,016 --> 01:14:27,391 was pointing at me, and I just swung the Lewis gun, I opened fire first. 1474 01:14:28,558 --> 01:14:30,266 It was split-second stuff. 1475 01:14:30,266 --> 01:14:32,683 Thankfully, I moved on. 1476 01:14:32,683 --> 01:14:35,558 As the war progressed, it was inevitable that we developed 1477 01:14:35,558 --> 01:14:38,392 the animal characteristic of killing. 1478 01:14:38,392 --> 01:14:40,559 Well, we've got some young Lincolnshire lads, 1479 01:14:40,559 --> 01:14:41,975 you know, the 18-year-olds. 1480 01:14:41,975 --> 01:14:44,225 The machine gunners were putting their hands up - 1481 01:14:44,225 --> 01:14:46,100 it didn't make any difference. 1482 01:14:46,100 --> 01:14:47,309 They were killed. 1483 01:14:49,101 --> 01:14:51,642 And I'm afraid there was a little bit of slaughter going on, 1484 01:14:51,642 --> 01:14:54,018 until we got in some sort of order. 1485 01:14:54,018 --> 01:14:58,226 Everybody was screaming, laying down, moaning and groaning, 1486 01:14:58,226 --> 01:15:01,351 and eventually there was silence. 1487 01:15:01,351 --> 01:15:03,893 I found a German officer with his lung hanging out. 1488 01:15:03,893 --> 01:15:06,143 He was still alive, but he wasn't conscious. 1489 01:15:06,143 --> 01:15:10,310 You could see his lung was expanding and contracting as he was breathing. 1490 01:15:10,310 --> 01:15:13,352 It was the nearest I ever came to shooting a man point-blank, 1491 01:15:13,352 --> 01:15:15,769 but we had to go on. 1492 01:15:15,769 --> 01:15:18,269 One dead German leaning against a shell wall, 1493 01:15:18,269 --> 01:15:21,186 he was a handsome bloke, he reminded me of my father. 1494 01:15:21,186 --> 01:15:25,936 A shell had dissected him nicely, it had taken the whole of the front 1495 01:15:25,936 --> 01:15:29,895 of his chest down to his stomach, neatly cut aside. 1496 01:15:29,895 --> 01:15:32,978 What a fantastic exhibition of anatomy. 1497 01:15:35,103 --> 01:15:38,145 The real shooting was over in about ten minutes. 1498 01:15:38,145 --> 01:15:42,145 There was about 100 of us coming out, instead of 600 who'd gone over, 1499 01:15:42,145 --> 01:15:44,187 and a band came to meet us. 1500 01:15:44,187 --> 01:15:46,062 It was a wonderful feeling. 1501 01:15:46,062 --> 01:15:47,521 "I've been in a battle! 1502 01:15:47,521 --> 01:15:50,771 "And I'm so very proud about it." 1503 01:15:50,771 --> 01:15:52,229 Hang on. 1504 01:15:54,563 --> 01:15:56,146 You got it? Yeah. 1505 01:15:56,146 --> 01:15:58,521 And if you'd anybody wounded or killed... 1506 01:15:58,521 --> 01:16:00,230 FLIES BUZZ 1507 01:16:00,230 --> 01:16:04,021 ..if you didn't get them out straight away, they went down 1508 01:16:04,021 --> 01:16:07,397 in the soil and disappeared, it was so bad. 1509 01:16:07,397 --> 01:16:08,897 That's it. 1510 01:16:10,355 --> 01:16:15,022 Well, you had to ascertain whether a man was alive or not. 1511 01:16:15,022 --> 01:16:20,356 If he was dead, then he was no trouble - medically. 1512 01:16:20,356 --> 01:16:22,314 I can't put that any clearer! 1513 01:16:23,397 --> 01:16:25,064 Keep him level. 1514 01:16:26,439 --> 01:16:28,064 Give me some room! 1515 01:16:28,064 --> 01:16:31,106 I felt some pain, I suppose about an hour later. 1516 01:16:31,106 --> 01:16:34,898 I'd got these thigh boots on, and the bullet had gone in sideways, 1517 01:16:34,898 --> 01:16:38,607 all the way down the leg, in, out, in, out, and hit the ankle bone 1518 01:16:38,607 --> 01:16:40,107 and turned upside down. 1519 01:16:42,023 --> 01:16:44,524 Oh, God! 1520 01:16:44,524 --> 01:16:45,857 Jesus! 1521 01:16:47,565 --> 01:16:50,899 The Sergeant Major brought me a dixie of hot tea, 1522 01:16:50,899 --> 01:16:54,649 which was just what I needed, it went down beautifully. 1523 01:16:54,649 --> 01:16:57,733 And casualties started coming back, walking casualties, 1524 01:16:57,733 --> 01:17:01,316 men with their arms smashed up, legs trawling, and they got back 1525 01:17:01,316 --> 01:17:03,941 to different dressing stations the best way they could. 1526 01:17:03,941 --> 01:17:06,608 The walking wounded, they were coming down in droves. 1527 01:17:06,608 --> 01:17:09,650 Some were holding one another, and some were walking on their own, 1528 01:17:09,650 --> 01:17:12,275 a light wound in the hand or arm, but some were hobbling along, 1529 01:17:12,275 --> 01:17:14,275 and some were looking quite cheerful as 1530 01:17:14,275 --> 01:17:16,317 they'd been free of something. 1531 01:17:16,317 --> 01:17:17,692 Hello, Mum! 1532 01:17:19,109 --> 01:17:21,484 My officer had said, "Are you all right, Kane?" 1533 01:17:21,484 --> 01:17:23,817 And I said, "Oh, yes, sir, I can still walk." 1534 01:17:23,817 --> 01:17:27,276 And he said, "But you've been hit in the back of the head." 1535 01:17:27,276 --> 01:17:30,234 And he handed me quite a dose of rum. 1536 01:17:32,401 --> 01:17:37,485 The worst cases were those who were shot through the chest. 1537 01:17:37,485 --> 01:17:40,777 Well, the difficulty of breathing, you see, you only had 1538 01:17:40,777 --> 01:17:44,235 field dressings, which every man carried. 1539 01:17:44,235 --> 01:17:46,235 Yeah, we'll have a better look at it. 1540 01:17:46,235 --> 01:17:47,694 Who's waiting, boys? 1541 01:17:47,694 --> 01:17:50,444 You got a bottle of iodine and they'd tip it in the hole. 1542 01:17:50,444 --> 01:17:53,194 Oh, the pain was terrific. 1543 01:17:53,194 --> 01:17:54,569 Well done. 1544 01:17:57,403 --> 01:18:00,319 How about that for luck, chum? Shot right through it. 1545 01:18:03,528 --> 01:18:07,737 I was not in very good shape at all, and I was getting somewhere near 1546 01:18:07,737 --> 01:18:11,028 the end of my tether, I don't think I could go on much longer. 1547 01:18:11,028 --> 01:18:15,487 Every soldier, I suppose, had this breaking strain. 1548 01:18:18,779 --> 01:18:21,112 The medics will be waiting for you. 1549 01:18:21,112 --> 01:18:23,612 Well done, lads, well done. 1550 01:18:23,612 --> 01:18:25,404 That's it. 1551 01:18:25,404 --> 01:18:30,196 We had some remarkable doctors who worked day and night 1552 01:18:30,196 --> 01:18:35,071 in various stations on the British front, looking after the wounded. 1553 01:18:36,613 --> 01:18:38,030 Nice cup of Rosie Lee. 1554 01:18:38,030 --> 01:18:39,655 You all right, Jack? 1555 01:18:39,655 --> 01:18:43,613 They seemed never to need any sleep, so what they hadn't got in numbers 1556 01:18:43,613 --> 01:18:45,572 they made up in effort. 1557 01:18:45,572 --> 01:18:47,447 We need a shell dressing. 1558 01:18:49,530 --> 01:18:53,489 Both my officers, all my sergeants and three quarters of my men 1559 01:18:53,489 --> 01:18:55,822 were killed or wounded. 1560 01:18:55,822 --> 01:18:59,698 Their ranks were made up with lads of 18 from England 1561 01:18:59,698 --> 01:19:01,948 who'd been pushed out of factories. 1562 01:19:01,948 --> 01:19:03,656 Easy, that's it. 1563 01:19:04,823 --> 01:19:06,323 BIRDS SQUAWK 1564 01:19:06,323 --> 01:19:08,448 Bloody birds! Get out of it! 1565 01:19:08,448 --> 01:19:09,865 Go on! 1566 01:19:11,073 --> 01:19:15,115 My mob were helping the battalion to bury these... 1567 01:19:15,115 --> 01:19:18,949 ..only little kids, they were, 17 or 18 years of age. 1568 01:19:18,949 --> 01:19:22,074 In sure and certain hope of the resurrection to eternal life 1569 01:19:22,074 --> 01:19:23,866 through our Lord Jesus Christ. 1570 01:19:28,824 --> 01:19:31,491 A lot of those kids, it was their first action, 1571 01:19:31,491 --> 01:19:33,741 and they never knew any more. 1572 01:19:33,741 --> 01:19:36,783 So we'd wrapped them up in blankets, dug a little shallow grave 1573 01:19:36,783 --> 01:19:38,158 and put them in there. 1574 01:19:41,283 --> 01:19:44,367 I was putting a dressing on a German, and he was very shaky 1575 01:19:44,367 --> 01:19:47,200 and fearful of what we were going to do to him. 1576 01:19:47,200 --> 01:19:49,367 But they were more frightened than we were. 1577 01:19:49,367 --> 01:19:51,659 And we were frightened, I don't mind telling you! 1578 01:19:51,659 --> 01:19:54,742 Mostly, they were just boys, as we were. 1579 01:19:54,742 --> 01:19:57,784 They seemed glad to be captured, they were out of it. 1580 01:19:57,784 --> 01:19:58,951 Is this yours? 1581 01:19:58,951 --> 01:20:01,159 Mein. This is his. Ah, it's yours. 1582 01:20:01,159 --> 01:20:03,243 Put it in your pocket. 1583 01:20:03,243 --> 01:20:05,743 There was a little German fella, I gave him a cigarette, 1584 01:20:05,743 --> 01:20:08,993 and he was terrified, and I was very, very sorry for him, 1585 01:20:08,993 --> 01:20:11,368 really, you know. He was only about 16. 1586 01:20:11,368 --> 01:20:14,077 And we had a chinwag, and I just took his pocket watch, 1587 01:20:14,077 --> 01:20:15,702 you know, it was a normal thing. 1588 01:20:15,702 --> 01:20:17,327 We used to rob them, you see? 1589 01:20:17,327 --> 01:20:18,702 Right, let's go. 1590 01:20:19,744 --> 01:20:23,661 Yes, they were underfed, and they were in very poor shape. 1591 01:20:23,661 --> 01:20:25,036 Come on, come on now, lads. 1592 01:20:25,036 --> 01:20:26,411 Pick him up. Come on! 1593 01:20:26,411 --> 01:20:29,203 And funnily enough, five or six German prisoners came along, 1594 01:20:29,203 --> 01:20:32,494 and they helped carry me, and I got another six watches, 1595 01:20:32,494 --> 01:20:35,495 because I robbed these fellas who helped me down. 1596 01:20:35,495 --> 01:20:39,703 Every time we captured prisoners, a number of German prisoners 1597 01:20:39,703 --> 01:20:42,287 would immediately take up stretcher duty. 1598 01:20:42,287 --> 01:20:45,453 Now, I'm sure the Geneva Convention never required them to do that. 1599 01:20:45,453 --> 01:20:46,829 There you go, lads. 1600 01:20:46,829 --> 01:20:48,620 I've got him. Steady. 1601 01:20:49,995 --> 01:20:51,329 You're all right, chum. 1602 01:20:51,329 --> 01:20:52,912 That's it. Keep going. 1603 01:20:52,912 --> 01:20:55,912 I took about a dozen prisoners back with me, 1604 01:20:55,912 --> 01:20:58,496 they were all unarmed and I just had my old gun. 1605 01:20:58,496 --> 01:21:01,829 In some cases, there were a whole lot of Germans without even 1606 01:21:01,829 --> 01:21:04,079 a Tommy with them. 1607 01:21:04,079 --> 01:21:09,913 Oh, they were really cowed, they were, yes, very subdued. 1608 01:21:11,955 --> 01:21:16,955 I slept next to a German man who'd been wounded in the arm, 1609 01:21:16,955 --> 01:21:21,705 and to my amazement he started talking to me in English. 1610 01:21:21,705 --> 01:21:24,081 And he said he'd been a waiter at the Savoy. 1611 01:21:27,789 --> 01:21:31,581 I mean, I don't think the average British soldier ever had 1612 01:21:31,581 --> 01:21:34,914 any deep feelings regarding revenge against the German. 1613 01:21:34,914 --> 01:21:36,706 He admired him and respected him. 1614 01:21:37,873 --> 01:21:39,290 Go on, show him. 1615 01:21:39,290 --> 01:21:41,998 As the war went on, I felt as much sympathy for them 1616 01:21:41,998 --> 01:21:43,915 as I did for myself. 1617 01:21:43,915 --> 01:21:46,457 The German I always thought was a good fighter. 1618 01:21:46,457 --> 01:21:49,540 I'd sooner have him on my side than on the opposite side. 1619 01:21:49,540 --> 01:21:52,499 I think some of the Germans thought we ought to have been fighting 1620 01:21:52,499 --> 01:21:56,249 with them against the French and the Russians, but none of them 1621 01:21:56,249 --> 01:21:58,124 thought we ought to be fighting each other. 1622 01:21:58,124 --> 01:21:59,541 Keep on moving forward! 1623 01:21:59,541 --> 01:22:03,916 You see, the German had been an unknown horde 1624 01:22:03,916 --> 01:22:06,541 with their coal-scuttle helmets, and then we met them. 1625 01:22:06,541 --> 01:22:09,333 Well, the German soldier, he was a very nice fellow as a rule. 1626 01:22:09,333 --> 01:22:11,708 You know, I think he was really a barber or a shopkeeper 1627 01:22:11,708 --> 01:22:15,042 or something, and, the same as us, he was stuck in uniform. 1628 01:22:15,042 --> 01:22:18,250 You're too tall. Get you next time, Jerry! 1629 01:22:18,250 --> 01:22:20,959 We got on very well together, actually, and they used to 1630 01:22:20,959 --> 01:22:22,292 mix in with us. 1631 01:22:22,292 --> 01:22:24,251 Want your hat back? 1632 01:22:24,251 --> 01:22:26,001 Here, give it him back! 1633 01:22:26,001 --> 01:22:28,959 They were decent, sort of family people 1634 01:22:28,959 --> 01:22:32,043 and thought a great deal of their children. 1635 01:22:33,751 --> 01:22:37,126 They didn't seem to bear any malice against us. 1636 01:22:37,126 --> 01:22:39,668 They'd had to do what they were told, like us. 1637 01:22:41,460 --> 01:22:43,543 Go on, go on tracking... 1638 01:22:43,543 --> 01:22:46,543 I couldn't speak German, but some could, and the Germans, 1639 01:22:46,543 --> 01:22:48,252 some of them could speak English. 1640 01:22:48,252 --> 01:22:50,252 Anyhow, we could understand each other. 1641 01:22:50,252 --> 01:22:53,169 The general agreement when we were talking to Germans 1642 01:22:53,169 --> 01:22:57,711 was how useless war was and why did it have to happen. 1643 01:23:00,503 --> 01:23:02,961 When you're passing bodies all day long, 1644 01:23:02,961 --> 01:23:06,378 it's bound to have an effect on whoever it is, isn't it? 1645 01:23:06,378 --> 01:23:08,461 This big fat German was lying in a street... 1646 01:23:08,461 --> 01:23:09,670 FLIES BUZZ 1647 01:23:09,670 --> 01:23:12,128 ..you know, his stomach was all gassed up, 1648 01:23:12,128 --> 01:23:14,920 his intestines lying out on his belly. 1649 01:23:14,920 --> 01:23:17,837 And somebody had stuck a pipe in his mouth! 1650 01:23:17,837 --> 01:23:21,004 Yeah, we all told him to get up! HE CHUCKLES 1651 01:23:22,420 --> 01:23:26,379 German troops were very brave and very stubborn. 1652 01:23:26,379 --> 01:23:29,837 The Germans fought rearguard actions almost back to the Rhine, 1653 01:23:29,837 --> 01:23:33,713 and regiment after regiment was smashed up and cut about. 1654 01:23:33,713 --> 01:23:37,421 We had an idea that they were beginning to crack. 1655 01:23:39,421 --> 01:23:42,213 I would say that they were, if anything, rather despondent. 1656 01:23:42,213 --> 01:23:44,088 They knew they had lost the war. 1657 01:23:44,088 --> 01:23:47,963 We, as front-line soldiers, knew they were giving up. 1658 01:23:47,963 --> 01:23:52,505 Quite frankly, the Germans were fed up with the whole thing. 1659 01:23:52,505 --> 01:23:56,422 And, gradually, that is how the war itself came to an end. 1660 01:23:56,422 --> 01:23:59,589 I got the impression that most of the German soldiers 1661 01:23:59,589 --> 01:24:03,756 couldn't care less who won as long as the war finished. 1662 01:24:03,756 --> 01:24:06,256 Of course, that's what everybody was thinking about then - 1663 01:24:06,256 --> 01:24:08,131 we'd had enough. 1664 01:24:08,131 --> 01:24:11,756 And after a time, perhaps nobody cared. 1665 01:24:11,756 --> 01:24:13,590 All right, boys, here it comes. 1666 01:24:13,590 --> 01:24:15,173 We're in the pictures! 1667 01:24:16,298 --> 01:24:18,923 There was a fella in the war called Rumour, 1668 01:24:18,923 --> 01:24:22,007 he knows everything, you see, and Mr Rumour told us 1669 01:24:22,007 --> 01:24:25,507 that the Germans were also negotiating for an Armistice. 1670 01:24:25,507 --> 01:24:27,549 There was a huge poster, 1671 01:24:27,549 --> 01:24:32,466 "All hostilities will cease on the Western Front at 11 o'clock 1672 01:24:32,466 --> 01:24:35,591 "on the 11th of November 1918." 1673 01:24:35,591 --> 01:24:37,966 So we said to each other, "What day is it?" 1674 01:24:37,966 --> 01:24:42,425 And somebody discovered it was November the 11th! 1675 01:24:42,425 --> 01:24:45,717 And then we had to shine our boots, clean our buttons, 1676 01:24:45,717 --> 01:24:48,383 we knew the war was over then, and we were quite confident 1677 01:24:48,383 --> 01:24:50,800 that we would be there when it ended. 1678 01:24:50,800 --> 01:24:55,217 This proclamation was read out, stating that the hostilities 1679 01:24:55,217 --> 01:24:58,884 would cease from 11 that morning, and actually there wasn't 1680 01:24:58,884 --> 01:25:02,176 a cheer of any kind raised when that was read out. 1681 01:25:02,176 --> 01:25:06,551 At 11 o'clock, the noise of the gunfire just rolled away, 1682 01:25:06,551 --> 01:25:08,843 like a peal of thunder, in the distance. 1683 01:25:08,843 --> 01:25:12,218 SHELLFIRE AND GUNFIRE FADES OUT 1684 01:25:16,927 --> 01:25:20,010 BIRDSONG, SOLDIERS CHATTER 1685 01:25:21,094 --> 01:25:22,802 Never heard it being quiet. 1686 01:25:22,802 --> 01:25:25,719 Now it was dead silent. 1687 01:25:25,719 --> 01:25:28,844 You were so dazed that you could stand up straight and not be shot. 1688 01:25:28,844 --> 01:25:30,344 It was eerie. 1689 01:25:32,261 --> 01:25:34,969 There was a feeling of relief and gladness, 1690 01:25:34,969 --> 01:25:37,594 I suppose, but no celebration. 1691 01:25:37,594 --> 01:25:40,511 The staff officer shut his watch up and said, 1692 01:25:40,511 --> 01:25:43,261 "I wonder what we're all going to do next." 1693 01:25:43,261 --> 01:25:46,887 There was no demonstration of any kind, nobody said a word, 1694 01:25:46,887 --> 01:25:49,553 everybody just slumped away. 1695 01:25:49,553 --> 01:25:52,095 The only way we could have celebrated as regards 1696 01:25:52,095 --> 01:25:55,595 to a liquid would have been tea, that's all. 1697 01:25:55,595 --> 01:25:58,262 It was one of the flattest moments of our lives. 1698 01:25:58,262 --> 01:26:00,596 We just couldn't comprehend it. 1699 01:26:02,304 --> 01:26:04,596 We had that sort of feeling as though we'd been kicked 1700 01:26:04,596 --> 01:26:05,888 out of a job. 1701 01:26:05,888 --> 01:26:09,471 For some of us, it was practically the only life we'd known. 1702 01:26:09,471 --> 01:26:11,638 What was one going to do next? 1703 01:26:11,638 --> 01:26:13,888 It was just like being made redundant. 1704 01:26:13,888 --> 01:26:16,847 That was very much the feeling of everyone. 1705 01:26:16,847 --> 01:26:20,138 We were thoroughly upset, we'd all got no work to go to. 1706 01:26:20,138 --> 01:26:22,180 "I don't want to go back." 1707 01:26:22,180 --> 01:26:27,389 There was no cheering, no singing - we were drained of all emotion. 1708 01:26:27,389 --> 01:26:32,056 We were too far gone, too exhausted to enjoy it. 1709 01:26:32,056 --> 01:26:36,306 All things come to an end, and even a drama can go on too long. 1710 01:26:36,306 --> 01:26:39,598 It didn't end with a whimper, but something very much like one. 1711 01:26:55,932 --> 01:26:59,432 I was very happy to leave. I'd had enough, you know? 1712 01:26:59,432 --> 01:27:03,057 After a time, it begins to wear on one, you know? 1713 01:27:03,057 --> 01:27:05,933 "Thank goodness the bloody thing is over," that was all. 1714 01:27:05,933 --> 01:27:08,224 But so far as I was concerned, I was out of it, 1715 01:27:08,224 --> 01:27:10,308 and now the next step in life. 1716 01:27:10,308 --> 01:27:13,350 The first thing we did was write home, say we were all right, 1717 01:27:13,350 --> 01:27:15,766 making sure we got the date on the envelope right. 1718 01:27:15,766 --> 01:27:18,600 To someone like myself, who was interested in nature, 1719 01:27:18,600 --> 01:27:21,350 after the horrors that man had made of the battlefront, 1720 01:27:21,350 --> 01:27:25,392 I was immensely delighted to find shell holes in which I picked 1721 01:27:25,392 --> 01:27:29,434 lilies of the valley and larkspur, and I pursued Camberwell Beauties 1722 01:27:29,434 --> 01:27:33,267 and swallowtail butterflies along the banks of the Aisne river. 1723 01:27:33,267 --> 01:27:35,143 We went to Boulogne. 1724 01:27:35,143 --> 01:27:37,268 By the way, we came home with full pack, 1725 01:27:37,268 --> 01:27:39,976 the only thing we left behind was the bullets, 1726 01:27:39,976 --> 01:27:41,851 we had to discard those. 1727 01:27:41,851 --> 01:27:43,643 But we still kept our rifle. 1728 01:27:43,643 --> 01:27:48,685 We went over to Folkestone, and there were long trestle tables 1729 01:27:48,685 --> 01:27:52,143 with very kind ladies, and they gave you a sausage roll 1730 01:27:52,143 --> 01:27:56,810 or a bun and a cup of tea, and that was very welcome. 1731 01:27:56,810 --> 01:28:00,977 We entrained to Victoria, and there we broke up. 1732 01:28:00,977 --> 01:28:04,019 We went to the barracks, and we just dumped rifles, 1733 01:28:04,019 --> 01:28:06,769 bayonets and everything, and there were a lot of suits 1734 01:28:06,769 --> 01:28:09,186 on display, hats, shoes. 1735 01:28:09,186 --> 01:28:11,811 You could tell her which one you wanted, style and colour, 1736 01:28:11,811 --> 01:28:13,311 and they measured you. 1737 01:28:14,770 --> 01:28:18,145 I was horrified by what I saw when I came back here 1738 01:28:18,145 --> 01:28:20,062 and when one tried to get a job. 1739 01:28:20,062 --> 01:28:22,353 There was mass unemployment, and I thought, 1740 01:28:22,353 --> 01:28:23,979 "This isn't much of a life." 1741 01:28:23,979 --> 01:28:26,187 It was a most difficult thing to realise you're of 1742 01:28:26,187 --> 01:28:27,604 no commercial value. 1743 01:28:27,604 --> 01:28:30,062 It was a shame, the way ex-servicemen were treated. 1744 01:28:30,062 --> 01:28:31,437 You weren't wanted. 1745 01:28:31,437 --> 01:28:34,854 Some places said, "No ex-servicemen need apply," 1746 01:28:34,854 --> 01:28:37,563 and that was the sort of attitude you were up against. 1747 01:28:37,563 --> 01:28:41,938 One of my pals was killed, and when I went home, the very first thing 1748 01:28:41,938 --> 01:28:44,355 that I did was go to his mother, who, 1749 01:28:44,355 --> 01:28:46,730 if she'd had a frying pan, she'd have hit me. 1750 01:28:46,730 --> 01:28:49,230 Her son had been killed and I'd come back alive. 1751 01:28:49,230 --> 01:28:51,063 She was very bitter. 1752 01:28:51,063 --> 01:28:54,189 The first night I came home, I got into my old bed, 1753 01:28:54,189 --> 01:28:57,564 the first bed I'd laid in since I joined the Army. 1754 01:28:57,564 --> 01:28:59,897 When mother brought my cup of tea up in the morning, 1755 01:28:59,897 --> 01:29:02,064 she found me fast asleep on the floor. 1756 01:29:02,064 --> 01:29:03,981 People never talked about the war. 1757 01:29:03,981 --> 01:29:07,023 It was a thing that had no conversational value at all. 1758 01:29:07,023 --> 01:29:09,898 Most people were absolutely disinterested. 1759 01:29:09,898 --> 01:29:12,189 When I got home, my father and my mother 1760 01:29:12,189 --> 01:29:14,773 didn't seem in the least interested in what had happened, 1761 01:29:14,773 --> 01:29:16,856 they hadn't any conception of what it was like. 1762 01:29:16,856 --> 01:29:18,023 SOLDIER WHISTLES TUNE 1763 01:29:18,023 --> 01:29:20,315 And there was no reason why any one of us millions 1764 01:29:20,315 --> 01:29:22,607 should have been favoured with a thank you very much 1765 01:29:22,607 --> 01:29:26,774 for having got a little bit muddy and out of touch with good manners. 1766 01:29:26,774 --> 01:29:29,190 And on occasions when I did talk about it, 1767 01:29:29,190 --> 01:29:32,941 my father would argue points of fact that he couldn't possibly have known 1768 01:29:32,941 --> 01:29:34,857 about because he wasn't there. 1769 01:29:34,857 --> 01:29:37,691 Every soldier I've spoken to experienced the same thing. 1770 01:29:37,691 --> 01:29:40,649 We were a race apart from the civilians, 1771 01:29:40,649 --> 01:29:42,733 and you could speak to your comrades, 1772 01:29:42,733 --> 01:29:45,566 and they understood, but the civilians, 1773 01:29:45,566 --> 01:29:47,483 it was just a waste of time. 1774 01:29:47,483 --> 01:29:51,358 However nice and sympathetic they were, attempts of 1775 01:29:51,358 --> 01:29:55,734 well-meaning people to sympathise reflected the fact that they 1776 01:29:55,734 --> 01:29:57,900 didn't really understand at all. 1777 01:29:57,900 --> 01:30:01,817 I think the magnitude was just beyond their comprehension, 1778 01:30:01,817 --> 01:30:06,026 they didn't understand that people that you'd known and played football 1779 01:30:06,026 --> 01:30:08,568 with were just killed beside you. 1780 01:30:08,568 --> 01:30:12,318 My friend who enlisted with me, and he just lay there like a sack 1781 01:30:12,318 --> 01:30:16,901 of rags until he went black, before anybody troubled to bury him. 1782 01:30:16,901 --> 01:30:19,777 They knew that people came back covered with mud and lice, 1783 01:30:19,777 --> 01:30:23,027 but they'd no idea of the strain of sitting in a trench 1784 01:30:23,027 --> 01:30:26,485 and waiting for something to drop on one's head. 1785 01:30:26,485 --> 01:30:29,069 You couldn't convey the awful state of things, 1786 01:30:29,069 --> 01:30:32,527 the way you lived like animals and behaved like animals. 1787 01:30:32,527 --> 01:30:37,736 People didn't seem to realise what a terrible thing war was. 1788 01:30:37,736 --> 01:30:42,236 I think they felt that the war was one continual cavalry charge. 1789 01:30:42,236 --> 01:30:45,153 They hadn't any conception - how could they? 1790 01:30:45,153 --> 01:30:47,361 Well, it started off in a reasonable manner, 1791 01:30:47,361 --> 01:30:50,112 it was people fighting on horseback with swords, 1792 01:30:50,112 --> 01:30:52,403 but it developed into something ghastly. 1793 01:30:52,403 --> 01:30:55,820 People don't realise the potential of military equipment. 1794 01:30:55,820 --> 01:30:58,570 A man's life wasn't worth anything at the end of the war. 1795 01:30:58,570 --> 01:31:00,904 We were none of us heroes, you know - we didn't 1796 01:31:00,904 --> 01:31:03,987 like this business of being killed at all. 1797 01:31:03,987 --> 01:31:05,904 When we were talking amongst ourselves, 1798 01:31:05,904 --> 01:31:09,196 we used to say, "Christ, they won't have any more wars like this." 1799 01:31:09,196 --> 01:31:10,821 How did we endure it? 1800 01:31:10,821 --> 01:31:13,779 The answer must be partly the fear of fear, 1801 01:31:13,779 --> 01:31:16,030 the fear of being found afraid. 1802 01:31:16,030 --> 01:31:18,863 Another is belief in human beings, your colleague, 1803 01:31:18,863 --> 01:31:21,488 and there's no letting people down. 1804 01:31:21,488 --> 01:31:25,613 There may be right on both sides, but I think war is horrible. 1805 01:31:25,613 --> 01:31:28,655 Everything should be done to avoid war. 1806 01:31:28,655 --> 01:31:31,655 I still can't see the justification for it. 1807 01:31:31,655 --> 01:31:34,031 It was all really rather horrible. 1808 01:31:34,031 --> 01:31:36,656 I think history will decide, in the end, 1809 01:31:36,656 --> 01:31:38,781 that it was not worthwhile. 1810 01:31:41,281 --> 01:31:45,073 The only thing that really did annoy me was when I went back to work, 1811 01:31:45,073 --> 01:31:48,323 after I'd got demobilised, I went down the stores, 1812 01:31:48,323 --> 01:31:51,532 and the bloke behind the counter was a bloke who I knew. 1813 01:31:51,532 --> 01:31:53,615 He said, "Where have you been? 1814 01:31:53,615 --> 01:31:55,282 "On nights?" 1815 01:32:55,285 --> 01:32:59,285 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres Parlez vous 1816 01:32:59,285 --> 01:33:03,577 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres Parlez vous? 1817 01:33:03,577 --> 01:33:07,452 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres She hasn't been kissed in 40 years 1818 01:33:07,452 --> 01:33:11,703 # Hinky dinky, parlez vous 1819 01:33:11,703 --> 01:33:16,161 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres Parlez vous 1820 01:33:16,161 --> 01:33:20,120 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres Parlez vous 1821 01:33:20,120 --> 01:33:24,162 # Our top kick in Armentieres broke the spell of 40 years 1822 01:33:24,162 --> 01:33:27,120 # Hinky dinky, parlez vous 1823 01:33:28,662 --> 01:33:32,412 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres Parlez vous 1824 01:33:32,412 --> 01:33:36,746 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres Parlez vous 1825 01:33:36,746 --> 01:33:41,038 # You didn't have to know her long to know the reason men go wrong 1826 01:33:41,038 --> 01:33:43,913 # Hinky dinky, parlez vous 1827 01:33:45,496 --> 01:33:48,913 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres Parlez vous 1828 01:33:48,913 --> 01:33:53,163 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres Parlez vous 1829 01:33:53,163 --> 01:33:55,330 # She's the hardest working girl in town 1830 01:33:55,330 --> 01:33:57,538 # She makes her living upside down 1831 01:33:57,538 --> 01:33:59,705 # Hinky dinky, parlez vous 1832 01:34:05,956 --> 01:34:07,956 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres 1833 01:34:07,956 --> 01:34:09,747 # Parlez vous 1834 01:34:09,747 --> 01:34:12,248 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres 1835 01:34:12,248 --> 01:34:13,873 # Parlez vous 1836 01:34:13,873 --> 01:34:15,081 # She sold her kisses 1837 01:34:15,081 --> 01:34:16,289 # For ten francs each 1838 01:34:16,289 --> 01:34:17,373 # Soft and juicy 1839 01:34:17,373 --> 01:34:18,581 # As sweet as a peach 1840 01:34:18,581 --> 01:34:20,998 # Hinky dinky, parlez vous 1841 01:34:22,498 --> 01:34:24,832 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres 1842 01:34:24,832 --> 01:34:26,415 # Parlez vous 1843 01:34:26,415 --> 01:34:28,790 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres 1844 01:34:28,790 --> 01:34:30,374 # Parlez vous 1845 01:34:30,374 --> 01:34:32,457 # Madame, you've got a daughter fair 1846 01:34:32,457 --> 01:34:34,374 # To wash the soldiers' underwear 1847 01:34:34,374 --> 01:34:37,374 # Hinky dinky, parlez vous 1848 01:34:39,291 --> 01:34:41,624 # I didn't care what came of me 1849 01:34:41,624 --> 01:34:42,791 # Parlez vous 1850 01:34:42,791 --> 01:34:45,249 # I didn't care what came of me 1851 01:34:45,249 --> 01:34:46,749 # Parlez vous 1852 01:34:46,749 --> 01:34:48,833 # I didn't care what came of me 1853 01:34:48,833 --> 01:34:51,208 # So I went and joined the infantry 1854 01:34:51,208 --> 01:34:53,833 # Hinky dinky, parlez vous 1855 01:35:28,502 --> 01:35:30,710 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres 1856 01:35:30,710 --> 01:35:32,169 # Parlez vous 1857 01:35:32,169 --> 01:35:34,627 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres 1858 01:35:34,627 --> 01:35:36,335 # Parlez vous 1859 01:35:36,335 --> 01:35:38,127 # Went in her bed, she sure was fun 1860 01:35:38,127 --> 01:35:39,419 # Working her arse 1861 01:35:39,419 --> 01:35:40,711 # Like a Maxim gun 1862 01:35:40,711 --> 01:35:43,961 # Hinky dinky, parlez vous 1863 01:35:45,003 --> 01:35:47,169 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres 1864 01:35:47,169 --> 01:35:48,753 # Parlez vous 1865 01:35:48,753 --> 01:35:51,253 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres 1866 01:35:51,253 --> 01:35:52,670 # Parlez vous 1867 01:35:52,670 --> 01:35:54,420 # I had more fun than I could tell 1868 01:35:54,420 --> 01:35:56,628 # Beneath the sheets with Mademoiselle 1869 01:35:56,628 --> 01:35:59,503 # Hinky dinky, parlez vous 1870 01:36:01,462 --> 01:36:05,254 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres, parlez vous 1871 01:36:05,254 --> 01:36:09,296 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres, parlez vous 1872 01:36:09,296 --> 01:36:11,296 # She did a wink and cried, "Oui, oui! 1873 01:36:11,296 --> 01:36:13,629 # "Let's see what you can do with me" 1874 01:36:13,629 --> 01:36:16,504 # Hinky dinky, parlez vous 1875 01:36:17,713 --> 01:36:20,088 # They say they mechanised the war 1876 01:36:20,088 --> 01:36:21,630 # Parlez vous 1877 01:36:21,630 --> 01:36:24,005 # They say they mechanised the war 1878 01:36:24,005 --> 01:36:25,630 # Parlez vous 1879 01:36:25,630 --> 01:36:27,838 # They say they mechanised the war 1880 01:36:27,838 --> 01:36:30,088 # So what the hell are we marching for? 1881 01:36:30,088 --> 01:36:33,047 # Hinky dinky, parlez vous 1882 01:36:50,631 --> 01:36:53,673 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres 1883 01:36:53,673 --> 01:36:54,798 # Parlez vous 1884 01:36:54,798 --> 01:36:57,507 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres 1885 01:36:57,507 --> 01:36:59,007 # Parlez vous 1886 01:36:59,007 --> 01:37:00,965 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres 1887 01:37:00,965 --> 01:37:03,007 # She hasn't been kissed for 40 years 1888 01:37:03,007 --> 01:37:05,590 # Hinky dinky, parlez vous 1889 01:37:07,049 --> 01:37:09,841 # The officers get all the steak 1890 01:37:09,841 --> 01:37:10,966 # Parlez vous 1891 01:37:10,966 --> 01:37:14,007 # The officers get all the steak 1892 01:37:14,007 --> 01:37:15,258 # Parlez vous 1893 01:37:15,258 --> 01:37:17,383 # The officers get all the steak 1894 01:37:17,383 --> 01:37:19,341 # And all we get is a belly ache 1895 01:37:19,341 --> 01:37:22,341 # Hinky dinky, parlez vous 1896 01:37:23,550 --> 01:37:24,883 # You might forget 1897 01:37:24,883 --> 01:37:27,175 # The gas and shells, parlez vous 1898 01:37:27,175 --> 01:37:28,758 # You might forget 1899 01:37:28,758 --> 01:37:31,383 # The gas and shells, parlez vous 1900 01:37:31,383 --> 01:37:32,509 # You might forget 1901 01:37:32,509 --> 01:37:33,717 # The groans and yells 1902 01:37:33,717 --> 01:37:34,800 # But you never forget 1903 01:37:34,800 --> 01:37:36,134 # The mademoiselles 1904 01:37:36,134 --> 01:37:38,676 # Hinky dinky, parlez vous 1905 01:37:56,843 --> 01:37:59,468 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres 1906 01:37:59,468 --> 01:38:00,593 # Parlez vous 1907 01:38:00,593 --> 01:38:03,344 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres 1908 01:38:03,344 --> 01:38:04,427 # Parlez vous 1909 01:38:04,427 --> 01:38:06,344 # Many and many a married man 1910 01:38:06,344 --> 01:38:08,552 # Wants to go back to France again 1911 01:38:08,552 --> 01:38:11,677 # Hinky dinky, parlez vous 1912 01:38:13,052 --> 01:38:15,969 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres 1913 01:38:15,969 --> 01:38:17,053 # Parlez vous 1914 01:38:17,053 --> 01:38:19,886 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres 1915 01:38:19,886 --> 01:38:20,969 # Parlez vous 1916 01:38:20,969 --> 01:38:23,303 # Just blow your nose and dry your tears 1917 01:38:23,303 --> 01:38:25,428 # We'll all be back in a few short years 1918 01:38:25,428 --> 01:38:28,220 # Hinky dinky, parlez vous 1919 01:38:29,720 --> 01:38:32,345 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres 1920 01:38:32,345 --> 01:38:33,429 # Parlez vous 1921 01:38:33,429 --> 01:38:36,012 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres 1922 01:38:36,012 --> 01:38:37,137 # Parlez vous 1923 01:38:37,137 --> 01:38:39,596 # I fell in love with her at sight 1924 01:38:39,596 --> 01:38:41,721 # Wet myself for half the night 1925 01:38:41,721 --> 01:38:44,304 # Hinky dinky, parlez vous 1926 01:38:45,971 --> 01:38:49,721 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres, parlez vous 1927 01:38:49,721 --> 01:38:53,846 # Mademoiselle from Armentieres, parlez vous 1928 01:38:53,846 --> 01:38:56,055 # You might forget the gas and shell 1929 01:38:56,055 --> 01:38:58,013 # You never forget the mademoiselles 1930 01:38:58,013 --> 01:39:00,847 # Hinky dinky, parlez vous 1931 01:39:02,263 --> 01:39:04,014 # You might forget the gas and shell 1932 01:39:04,014 --> 01:39:06,347 # But you'll never forget the mademoiselles 1933 01:39:06,347 --> 01:39:08,014 # Hinky dinky, parlez vous. # 1934 01:39:10,011 --> 01:39:55,014 # Subs synched by Kato Boii Hump Hump # 256584

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