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The snow-clad slopes of Mount Fuji
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00:00:03,200 --> 00:00:07,800
are one of the stunning images
of Japan that we all recognise.
3
00:00:07,800 --> 00:00:11,320
But despite a fascination
for the country and its culture,
4
00:00:11,320 --> 00:00:14,840
there remains something
mysterious and intriguing.
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00:00:16,400 --> 00:00:20,800
And although we may admire Japanese
gardens - and our own gardens are
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00:00:20,800 --> 00:00:24,440
full of Japanese plants
like cherries, maples, hostas -
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00:00:24,440 --> 00:00:27,560
few of us really understand
or know them.
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00:00:28,760 --> 00:00:31,840
They remain an enigma.
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00:00:31,840 --> 00:00:38,120
So I have set out to try and get
to the heart of the culture
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00:00:38,120 --> 00:00:42,040
that lies behind some of the most
beautiful gardens in the world.
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00:00:43,600 --> 00:00:48,240
I shall be visiting Japan
during its two most radiant seasons,
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00:00:48,240 --> 00:00:50,880
spring and autumn.
13
00:00:51,960 --> 00:00:54,400
I'll follow the development
of stroll gardens,
14
00:00:55,600 --> 00:00:58,120
experience the serenity
of a tea garden,
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00:00:59,840 --> 00:01:03,360
and learn the secrets
of creating a Zen landscape.
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00:01:04,560 --> 00:01:10,200
And the stone said to me, "It's OK.
This angle. This position."
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The stone is talking to you. Yes.
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I'm setting out to relish,
contemplate,
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00:01:17,720 --> 00:01:22,640
and hopefully learn to understand
these iconic gardens of Japan.
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00:01:40,880 --> 00:01:43,800
I'm starting this trip as I did my
first one, in spring,
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00:01:43,800 --> 00:01:49,560
by coming here to Kenroku-en,
and that's because back in April
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the head gardener Mr Shishime said,
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00:01:51,920 --> 00:01:56,320
"You really must come back
and see what the garden looks
like in autumn."
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00:01:56,320 --> 00:01:59,000
So here I am.
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00:02:00,080 --> 00:02:03,840
And glowing in the autumn sunshine,
it looks pretty good.
26
00:02:05,880 --> 00:02:09,880
Kenroku-en was originally created
as a private garden attached
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to Kanazawa Castle, and is one
of the most celebrated in Japan.
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00:02:16,320 --> 00:02:20,080
Keeping it looking as good
as this is a big job.
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00:02:20,080 --> 00:02:24,480
I saw just how labour intensive that
work was when I was here in spring.
30
00:02:24,480 --> 00:02:29,040
Six months later, it's clear
that the pace hasn't let up.
31
00:02:29,040 --> 00:02:33,640
The women are still hand weeding
the moss to remove any single blades
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00:02:33,640 --> 00:02:38,040
of grass, although now accompanied
by burning coils of repellent
33
00:02:38,040 --> 00:02:40,280
to keep the mosquitoes at bay.
34
00:02:44,640 --> 00:02:48,560
The cherry is undoubtedly
the national tree in spring,
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00:02:48,560 --> 00:02:51,400
and the celebrations for its blossom
are huge.
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00:02:51,400 --> 00:02:54,560
But there are also great
celebrations in autumn
37
00:02:54,560 --> 00:02:59,280
for the colouring of the leaf,
particularly of maples.
38
00:02:59,280 --> 00:03:02,360
Now, Japan has many different
kinds of maples and they all
39
00:03:02,360 --> 00:03:07,480
have these glorious hues
of yellow, orange and red.
40
00:03:07,480 --> 00:03:10,200
And there's a real festive air.
41
00:03:10,200 --> 00:03:12,120
The weather is glorious.
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00:03:12,120 --> 00:03:18,280
People are out and about, all due
to the falling of the autumn leaves.
43
00:03:20,240 --> 00:03:24,280
And being Japan, there is a specific
term for this festivity
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00:03:24,280 --> 00:03:28,920
which literally translates
as "red leaf hunting".
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00:03:33,120 --> 00:03:37,600
This couple have come to Kenroku-en
to pose for their wedding photos.
46
00:03:37,600 --> 00:03:40,360
They aren't actually getting
married till next spring
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00:03:40,360 --> 00:03:44,520
but they're starting early,
whilst the garden still provides
the perfect backdrop.
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00:03:46,240 --> 00:03:49,080
They're standing in front of the
same pines that I watched
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00:03:49,080 --> 00:03:51,400
being pruned last spring.
50
00:03:54,360 --> 00:03:57,640
I now want to see the process
of Yukitsiri,
51
00:03:57,640 --> 00:04:00,600
where the trees
are strung with ropes
52
00:04:00,600 --> 00:04:03,640
so that they look like giant
May poles.
53
00:04:05,080 --> 00:04:08,160
Hello. How nice to see you.
This looks wonderful.
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00:04:08,160 --> 00:04:10,400
I'm so glad I've seen it.
55
00:04:10,400 --> 00:04:14,280
It's good to meet up again with
Mr Shishime, the head gardener,
56
00:04:14,280 --> 00:04:16,880
and he explains that these rope
structures are there to protect
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00:04:16,880 --> 00:04:19,320
the trees from snow damage.
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00:04:19,320 --> 00:04:22,320
He takes me off to show me
how it's done.
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00:04:27,280 --> 00:04:30,640
Vertical bamboo poles are lashed
to the trunk
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00:04:30,640 --> 00:04:36,200
and then dozens of rice straw ropes
a carefully lowered from the top
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00:04:36,200 --> 00:04:40,440
to be tied to the branches, which
prevents them from bending
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00:04:40,440 --> 00:04:43,880
and even breaking under
the weight of the snow.
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00:04:48,000 --> 00:04:52,000
The gardening team make
this complicated and precise process
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00:04:52,000 --> 00:04:53,720
looked deceptively easy.
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00:04:58,360 --> 00:05:01,200
Yes, of course. I'd love to.
I'd absolutely love to.
66
00:05:01,200 --> 00:05:05,080
I realise that the invitation is
a rare honour that I can't possibly
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00:05:05,080 --> 00:05:07,440
refuse, but it is a little daunting.
68
00:05:07,440 --> 00:05:09,720
OK. You show me the correct
way to do it.
69
00:05:10,920 --> 00:05:12,560
Yeah.
70
00:05:15,200 --> 00:05:17,680
Very simple. Very simple.
I'll do it.
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00:05:20,480 --> 00:05:22,320
I'm very honoured.
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00:05:24,080 --> 00:05:26,600
I'm fatter than you.
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00:05:26,600 --> 00:05:30,000
Cor blimey! There we are,
that's better. Very beautiful.
74
00:05:32,880 --> 00:05:36,760
I have to say that wearing proper
Japanese secateurs is probably
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00:05:36,760 --> 00:05:39,360
the summit of my life's
ambitions and dreams.
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00:05:39,360 --> 00:05:42,600
I'm just going to savour this moment
for one second.
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00:05:42,600 --> 00:05:44,840
Right. Now I'm ready to go.
78
00:05:44,840 --> 00:05:46,840
OK, let's come on up.
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00:05:46,840 --> 00:05:49,480
Just going up a little bit higher.
80
00:05:49,480 --> 00:05:52,360
If I fall, it won't matter terribly.
81
00:05:52,360 --> 00:05:54,720
Here we go. So...
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00:05:57,120 --> 00:06:01,480
Actually, no. Hang on a minute.
It wants to go...that way.
83
00:06:01,480 --> 00:06:03,840
It all looks so simple on the ground
84
00:06:03,840 --> 00:06:07,400
and yet now I've completely
forgotten how to tie the knot.
85
00:06:07,400 --> 00:06:09,720
So we tie here.
86
00:06:09,720 --> 00:06:11,440
And then like that.
87
00:06:12,680 --> 00:06:14,120
Is that right?
88
00:06:15,400 --> 00:06:17,400
Now cut. Yes, of course.
89
00:06:17,400 --> 00:06:19,000
OK.
90
00:06:21,760 --> 00:06:24,640
That's my contribution to the
garden for this year.
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00:06:28,640 --> 00:06:33,400
There is an intensive one-month
period of Yukitsiri at Kenroku-en,
92
00:06:33,400 --> 00:06:39,400
and that can take up to 500
gardeners tying up over 800 trees.
93
00:06:39,400 --> 00:06:43,760
The ropes then remain until March,
when the snow begins to melt.
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00:06:45,800 --> 00:06:50,280
When I was here in spring,
I wasn't quite sure how to react
95
00:06:50,280 --> 00:06:52,880
to all the struts and supports
that you inevitably see
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00:06:52,880 --> 00:06:54,960
in a Japanese garden.
97
00:06:54,960 --> 00:06:57,960
Some of them really quite
dominant on the larger trees.
98
00:06:57,960 --> 00:07:02,960
But watching the strings being tied
and I suddenly got it.
99
00:07:02,960 --> 00:07:07,440
What I realised is it's all part
of the same performance.
100
00:07:07,440 --> 00:07:12,080
In other words, the strings holding
up the branches are as significant
101
00:07:12,080 --> 00:07:15,800
and as important to the garden
as the branches themselves.
102
00:07:15,800 --> 00:07:20,200
And the Japanese enjoy
and celebrate it all equally.
103
00:07:29,320 --> 00:07:33,320
Right across Japan millions
of people make a special outing
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00:07:33,320 --> 00:07:35,560
to their favourite viewing spots
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00:07:35,560 --> 00:07:38,400
during the red leaf hunting
autumn season.
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00:07:38,400 --> 00:07:42,280
Although it's a weekday in November,
Kenroku-en is crowded
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00:07:42,280 --> 00:07:46,440
with people enjoying the beauty
of the magnificent display.
108
00:07:48,160 --> 00:07:53,080
It's been an absolute joy to come
back to Kenroku-en and see it
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00:07:53,080 --> 00:07:55,680
in its autumn clothes.
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00:07:55,680 --> 00:07:59,320
But it is time to move on,
so the next stop is Kyoto.
111
00:08:06,880 --> 00:08:10,880
When I first visited Kyoto
back in spring I traced some
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00:08:10,880 --> 00:08:14,040
of the history of Japanese gardens.
113
00:08:14,040 --> 00:08:16,880
Eighth century boating gardens,
114
00:08:16,880 --> 00:08:20,640
through the use of moss in
Buddhist temples,
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00:08:20,640 --> 00:08:23,440
to a 12th century tea garden
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00:08:23,440 --> 00:08:26,760
and the 15th century zen gardens.
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00:08:29,800 --> 00:08:32,040
I'm now back to pick up that story
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00:08:32,040 --> 00:08:34,160
at the start of the 17th century
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00:08:34,160 --> 00:08:35,720
during the Edo period.
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00:08:43,360 --> 00:08:45,360
This is Nijo Castle.
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00:08:45,360 --> 00:08:48,880
Although Japanese castles were built
as military strongholds,
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00:08:48,880 --> 00:08:53,160
by the 17th century it was a period
of sustained peace.
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00:08:53,160 --> 00:08:57,240
Their gardens were becoming
a major feature.
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00:08:57,240 --> 00:09:01,480
This one at Nijo Castle was made
in 1603 for the Shogun,
125
00:09:01,480 --> 00:09:04,720
who was the political and military
leader of Japan.
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00:09:06,360 --> 00:09:10,240
The garden, set amongst the huge
halls and defensive walls,
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00:09:10,240 --> 00:09:12,760
was all part of the display
of his power,
128
00:09:12,760 --> 00:09:14,840
wealth and sophistication.
129
00:09:15,920 --> 00:09:19,880
And then in 1626, the Emperor
came to visit.
130
00:09:19,880 --> 00:09:21,800
So the whole place was revamped,
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00:09:21,800 --> 00:09:23,440
the castle was made larger
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00:09:23,440 --> 00:09:26,000
and the garden was also rebuilt.
133
00:09:27,880 --> 00:09:32,320
This was a major reconstruction
just for this one visit.
134
00:09:32,320 --> 00:09:35,920
A new palace was built on the
southern side of the enlarged pond,
135
00:09:35,920 --> 00:09:40,480
creating a new viewpoint to admire
the remodelled rocks and water.
136
00:09:42,960 --> 00:09:47,400
The palace built specially for the
emperor has long since disappeared,
137
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but the footprint remains
of a corridor that ran
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00:09:50,440 --> 00:09:52,840
down here and this
was the foundation stone.
139
00:09:52,840 --> 00:09:56,440
And then there was a little pavilion
going out over the water.
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00:09:56,440 --> 00:09:59,760
The whole layout of the garden
was altered
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00:09:59,760 --> 00:10:03,200
to look its best viewed
from this point.
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00:10:03,200 --> 00:10:07,720
So when he sat here he would be
duly impressed
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00:10:07,720 --> 00:10:10,240
by its beauty and grandeur.
144
00:10:15,400 --> 00:10:18,080
The pond features three islands -
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00:10:18,080 --> 00:10:22,280
the Island Of The Immortals,
to entice the gods to Nijo,
146
00:10:22,280 --> 00:10:24,160
flanked by two smaller ones,
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00:10:24,160 --> 00:10:26,360
Crane Island and Turtle Island,
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both of which represent longevity.
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00:10:35,320 --> 00:10:40,640
Over and above the history, I find
the mechanics of a garden like this
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00:10:40,640 --> 00:10:44,880
so extraordinary because all these
stones are placed
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00:10:44,880 --> 00:10:48,960
with exquisite precision and yet
they're colossal.
152
00:10:48,960 --> 00:10:51,640
I mean, look at this bridge.
153
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It's an enormous lump of rock.
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And I have no idea how on earth
they managed it.
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This garden has an austerity
that doesn't alter with the seasons
156
00:11:11,680 --> 00:11:13,760
but just as at Kenroku-en,
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the grounds here are filled
with visitors
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enjoying the maples
in their seasonal glory.
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00:11:23,720 --> 00:11:27,280
People of all ages are strolling
happily in the sun.
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00:11:28,640 --> 00:11:32,800
And like me, exploring the market
stalls that sell a wide range
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of suitably autumnal fare.
162
00:11:35,240 --> 00:11:39,800
And although it was only available
once upon a time to a
privileged few,
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any visitor can now enjoy
a traditional tea ceremony
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within the historic walls
of the castle and its garden.
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00:11:51,720 --> 00:11:55,960
I'm setting off again now because
I want to visit some stroll gardens,
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which are one of the most
enduring forms
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of all the Japanese garden styles.
168
00:12:00,440 --> 00:12:02,480
There are different kinds and forms
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of stroll garden from different
historical periods
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and to visit the first
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means crossing the country
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to the capital, Tokyo.
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00:12:14,560 --> 00:12:20,040
The garden of Rikugien is a fine
example of a classic stroll garden.
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00:12:20,040 --> 00:12:23,400
Set in the middle of this crowded
chaotic city,
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it's an oasis of calm
and beautiful serenity.
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Stroll gardens were a new style
of garden design that evolved
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00:12:32,720 --> 00:12:35,160
in the 17th century.
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00:12:35,160 --> 00:12:39,200
And whereas rock gardens
were completely static
179
00:12:39,200 --> 00:12:42,880
and Tea Gardens just had a simple
path to the teahouse,
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00:12:42,880 --> 00:12:46,880
the whole essence of a stroll
garden was that you moved around it,
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00:12:46,880 --> 00:12:52,240
around these curving paths
along a series of viewpoints
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00:12:52,240 --> 00:12:55,960
to admire vistas that
you wouldn't otherwise see
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00:12:55,960 --> 00:12:58,560
and they were created
for a new class, really.
184
00:12:58,560 --> 00:13:02,000
These were the samurai that
had evolved from being the warriors
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00:13:02,000 --> 00:13:07,560
of an earlier period
to a moneyed elite.
186
00:13:07,560 --> 00:13:12,960
And they made these gardens as an
expression of privilege and power.
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00:13:15,920 --> 00:13:20,400
The garden was completed in 1702
by a samurai lord,
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00:13:20,400 --> 00:13:23,680
and it remained in private hands
until 1938
189
00:13:23,680 --> 00:13:25,920
when it was donated to the Tokyo
city government
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00:13:25,920 --> 00:13:29,000
who turned it into a public park.
191
00:13:29,000 --> 00:13:33,280
So whereas for centuries only
a tiny handful of the elite
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00:13:33,280 --> 00:13:35,320
had access to it,
193
00:13:35,320 --> 00:13:38,440
Rikugien can now be enjoyed
by everyone.
194
00:13:38,440 --> 00:13:41,960
The garden has evolved to a certain
extent
195
00:13:41,960 --> 00:13:45,240
but the function
has not changed at all.
196
00:13:49,720 --> 00:13:55,200
The garden's name, Rikugien, refers
to the six principles of poetry
197
00:13:55,200 --> 00:13:57,040
originating from ancient China,
198
00:13:57,040 --> 00:14:00,360
and the layout of the garden is
based on a collection of poems
199
00:14:00,360 --> 00:14:03,960
describing the scenery of
Wakayama Bay in southern Japan.
200
00:14:05,960 --> 00:14:09,360
The guide Eriko Yokohama
explained it to me.
201
00:14:09,360 --> 00:14:14,720
The founder of this garden tried
to reproduce the 88 points
202
00:14:14,720 --> 00:14:19,600
of beautiful scenery in the garden,
and they put the stone markers,
203
00:14:19,600 --> 00:14:22,440
88 stone markers in each place.
204
00:14:22,440 --> 00:14:25,000
So these are the little stone
pillars you see. Yes.
205
00:14:25,000 --> 00:14:27,880
So the idea is that you walk
around and stand at each
206
00:14:27,880 --> 00:14:30,760
and then look out
and there is a scene. Yes.
207
00:14:30,760 --> 00:14:34,320
Now, I see the garden is beginning
to be prepared for winter.
208
00:14:34,320 --> 00:14:37,440
But I don't know what these
straw mats...
209
00:14:37,440 --> 00:14:39,680
Very beautiful. Yes.
Around the pine trees.
210
00:14:39,680 --> 00:14:41,400
Could you tell me about them?
211
00:14:41,400 --> 00:14:45,360
The bad insect go into the straw mat
212
00:14:45,360 --> 00:14:48,800
and then try to keep warm during
the winter time.
213
00:14:48,800 --> 00:14:53,520
They cannot go down because
the lower part is tied very tightly.
214
00:14:53,520 --> 00:14:58,400
So in March they take out the
straw mats and burn it.
215
00:14:58,400 --> 00:15:03,480
So that's a very ecological way
of destroying the bad insects.
216
00:15:03,480 --> 00:15:07,320
In Japan even pest control
is made into
217
00:15:07,320 --> 00:15:10,440
a refined and traditional
form of decoration.
218
00:15:14,640 --> 00:15:20,120
Each bend reveals a dramatic vista
and to have such a superb garden,
219
00:15:20,120 --> 00:15:22,720
open to all, in the heart of
one of the busiest cities
220
00:15:22,720 --> 00:15:25,840
in the world is a great luxury.
221
00:15:27,640 --> 00:15:29,400
I'm now going to pick up the story
222
00:15:29,400 --> 00:15:32,360
of these gardens at the beginning
of the 20th century.
223
00:15:33,720 --> 00:15:36,760
As we discovered in the last
programme, that's when,
224
00:15:36,760 --> 00:15:40,240
as a result of a great Japanese
exhibition in 1910,
225
00:15:40,240 --> 00:15:43,840
the British became fascinated
by all things Japanese
226
00:15:43,840 --> 00:15:45,720
and there was even a brief fashion
227
00:15:45,720 --> 00:15:47,920
for making Japanese gardens
back home.
228
00:15:49,560 --> 00:15:52,760
But there is a garden not
far from Rikugien
229
00:15:52,760 --> 00:15:55,640
which shows the other side
of that coin.
230
00:15:59,920 --> 00:16:02,920
You would be forgiven for thinking
that here was another
231
00:16:02,920 --> 00:16:05,000
typically Japanese garden.
232
00:16:06,200 --> 00:16:10,480
There are maples, stone lanterns,
233
00:16:10,480 --> 00:16:13,200
cloud pruning,
the familiar repertoire.
234
00:16:14,960 --> 00:16:17,800
But walk up the steps
to the next level
235
00:16:17,800 --> 00:16:22,040
and you are greeted with a view
that is anything but typical.
236
00:16:24,800 --> 00:16:29,520
This is not what you would expect
to see in the middle of Tokyo.
237
00:16:29,520 --> 00:16:36,240
It's an English garden made by a man
called Josiah Conder in 1917.
238
00:16:36,240 --> 00:16:40,320
He was born in Surrey and Conder had
come to Japan to be a professor.
239
00:16:40,320 --> 00:16:43,560
He's regarded really as the father
240
00:16:43,560 --> 00:16:47,120
of modern western Japanese
architecture.
241
00:16:47,120 --> 00:16:51,920
And as a result is a revered
figure here in Japan.
242
00:16:51,920 --> 00:16:56,080
This is his enduring contribution.
243
00:16:56,080 --> 00:17:01,280
And what's fascinating about it
is that it is not just a slice of
the West,
244
00:17:01,280 --> 00:17:04,760
it's a slice of the West
100 years ago.
245
00:17:09,400 --> 00:17:12,880
At the very same time that Japanese
gardens were being introduced
246
00:17:12,880 --> 00:17:19,360
to Britain, Conder was making a very
English garden here at Kyu-Furukawa.
247
00:17:19,360 --> 00:17:23,000
It's strange for me to see roses
blooming in the middle of November
248
00:17:23,000 --> 00:17:26,600
but because of the hot, wet Tokyo
summers they're pruned back hard
249
00:17:26,600 --> 00:17:28,920
after their first May flowering
250
00:17:28,920 --> 00:17:32,040
and then have this second display
in autumn.
251
00:17:32,040 --> 00:17:35,920
Amongst the 90 or so varieties
are some very familiar names
252
00:17:35,920 --> 00:17:38,040
including Queen Elizabeth.
253
00:17:39,480 --> 00:17:41,720
And there's New Dawn
254
00:17:41,720 --> 00:17:43,080
and Dorothy Perkins.
255
00:17:44,760 --> 00:17:47,800
There are an unusual proportion
of hybrid teas,
256
00:17:47,800 --> 00:17:52,000
which are a cross between
China and shrub roses.
257
00:17:52,000 --> 00:17:56,120
But of course these were immensely
popular in the early 20th century
258
00:17:56,120 --> 00:17:58,160
when this garden was made.
259
00:17:59,240 --> 00:18:01,840
This is probably one of most
famous roses ever grown.
260
00:18:01,840 --> 00:18:04,840
It's called Peace and I like
the story behind it,
261
00:18:04,840 --> 00:18:08,320
particularly in an English garden
here in Japan.
262
00:18:08,320 --> 00:18:11,560
It was developed in France just
before the Second World War
263
00:18:11,560 --> 00:18:15,320
but there was no time to trademark
the name or even think of it.
264
00:18:15,320 --> 00:18:17,840
And so cuttings were sent
all around the world
265
00:18:17,840 --> 00:18:19,920
as the Germans were invading France.
266
00:18:19,920 --> 00:18:22,520
These cuttings were grown on
by different people and all given
267
00:18:22,520 --> 00:18:27,200
different names but after the war,
the French grower contacted
268
00:18:27,200 --> 00:18:30,640
the British Field Marshal Alan
Brooke and said could it be
269
00:18:30,640 --> 00:18:35,720
called after him. He said no, it
would be much better if the rose
270
00:18:35,720 --> 00:18:38,200
was known by the name of Peace.
271
00:18:38,200 --> 00:18:42,400
So that's what it was called
wherever it had been grown,
272
00:18:42,400 --> 00:18:44,440
and immediately was successful.
273
00:18:44,440 --> 00:18:49,080
Hundreds of millions of this rose
have been sold and grown
274
00:18:49,080 --> 00:18:53,400
all over the world and it continues
to be one of the very best
275
00:18:53,400 --> 00:18:56,040
hybrid teas ever developed.
276
00:18:59,320 --> 00:19:02,880
The colour that these roses bring
to the garden is exceptional
277
00:19:02,880 --> 00:19:07,160
here in Japan, and this clearly
delights the many visitors.
278
00:19:08,640 --> 00:19:11,880
I'm hoping that the director
of the garden, Atsuko Hanafusa,
279
00:19:11,880 --> 00:19:14,880
can explain that fascination.
280
00:19:14,880 --> 00:19:17,000
There are lots of visitors here.
281
00:19:17,000 --> 00:19:21,800
Do you think that people see
these flowers as exotic?
282
00:19:21,800 --> 00:19:24,960
Because of course for us
in Britain, they're very normal.
283
00:19:33,800 --> 00:19:36,880
If people like the roses so much,
284
00:19:36,880 --> 00:19:39,440
why do we not see more roses
285
00:19:39,440 --> 00:19:43,560
or indeed flowers
in Japanese gardens?
286
00:20:16,040 --> 00:20:19,760
Conder's very British, very
Edwardian garden
287
00:20:19,760 --> 00:20:23,400
reflects a period when Japan was
rapidly Westernising,
288
00:20:23,400 --> 00:20:29,080
but it remains an exotic oddity
here in the middle of Tokyo.
289
00:20:29,080 --> 00:20:32,520
And for me it's been a surprising
treat to see such a big collection
290
00:20:32,520 --> 00:20:35,040
of superb hybrid tea roses.
291
00:20:36,360 --> 00:20:39,240
They've become very unfashionable.
292
00:20:39,240 --> 00:20:43,680
But this garden, locked in a time
warp on the other side of the world,
293
00:20:43,680 --> 00:20:46,320
shows that they can be
exquisitely beautiful.
294
00:20:51,040 --> 00:20:54,640
Before I head to my next garden
I'm going to make a detour,
295
00:20:54,640 --> 00:20:56,920
to a suburb north of Tokyo called
296
00:20:56,920 --> 00:21:00,360
Kawaguchi that's known for being
a gardening hub.
297
00:21:02,400 --> 00:21:05,640
I'm visiting a garden centre located
at an intersection
298
00:21:05,640 --> 00:21:07,600
between two motorways.
299
00:21:07,600 --> 00:21:10,920
It's what is known as a roadside
station or pit stop,
300
00:21:10,920 --> 00:21:14,520
which are government designated rest
areas found along major roads
301
00:21:14,520 --> 00:21:17,240
and highways all over Japan.
302
00:21:17,240 --> 00:21:19,880
Instead of the all-purpose
service station,
303
00:21:19,880 --> 00:21:24,520
these pit stops promote tourism
and trade by only selling specific
304
00:21:24,520 --> 00:21:26,880
local goods and produce.
305
00:21:29,480 --> 00:21:35,960
Wherever I travel I like to visit
nurseries and garden centres as well
306
00:21:35,960 --> 00:21:38,080
as the gardens of the great
and the good.
307
00:21:38,080 --> 00:21:41,400
Because as a gardener it's just
as informative to find out what
308
00:21:41,400 --> 00:21:44,600
real people are buying and planting
in their gardens
309
00:21:44,600 --> 00:21:47,080
as admiring the finished product.
310
00:21:54,000 --> 00:21:56,440
The thing that strikes me straight
away about this place
311
00:21:56,440 --> 00:21:58,760
is the sheer size of it.
312
00:21:58,760 --> 00:22:01,560
It's bigger than anything
I've seen in the UK,
313
00:22:01,560 --> 00:22:04,720
with a huge variety of plants
and seeds.
314
00:22:06,920 --> 00:22:09,840
I mean, it's actually a fascinating
mix of plants.
315
00:22:09,840 --> 00:22:12,560
You would never,
never see this in Europe.
316
00:22:15,920 --> 00:22:19,240
And some of the prices are
jaw droppingly high.
317
00:22:19,240 --> 00:22:21,640
You wouldn't find such
expensive plants
318
00:22:21,640 --> 00:22:24,040
in your average British
garden centre.
319
00:22:24,040 --> 00:22:25,880
That's £1,000.
320
00:22:27,240 --> 00:22:28,880
That is just amazing.
321
00:22:31,080 --> 00:22:35,760
Hello. Hi. What are you buying
today? What are you looking for?
322
00:22:45,280 --> 00:22:47,400
And what do you like to grow?
323
00:22:47,400 --> 00:22:50,040
What's your favourite plants to grow
in your garden?
324
00:23:05,640 --> 00:23:09,360
It's interesting that this lady
is buying brightly coloured plants
325
00:23:09,360 --> 00:23:13,560
like violets and pansies that seem
to me to be very Western,
326
00:23:13,560 --> 00:23:17,320
which is in stark contrast
to the more subdued tones
327
00:23:17,320 --> 00:23:20,880
of the traditional Japanese
gardens I've seen so far.
328
00:23:20,880 --> 00:23:24,040
Hello. What are you buying here?
329
00:23:25,640 --> 00:23:27,640
Do you like these? Do you grow
them at home?
330
00:23:32,920 --> 00:23:37,000
Do you garden a lot?
Do you have a big garden?
331
00:23:47,960 --> 00:23:52,320
Coming here has been a fascinating
lesson in what private gardening
332
00:23:52,320 --> 00:23:56,840
is like in Japan because it seems
that people are selecting things
333
00:23:56,840 --> 00:24:01,080
that are much more ephemeral and
colourful than the received idea
334
00:24:01,080 --> 00:24:03,760
of what a Japanese garden
looks like.
335
00:24:09,880 --> 00:24:13,720
I'm continuing my education by
heading back to the garden capital
336
00:24:13,720 --> 00:24:15,760
of Japan, Kyoto.
337
00:24:19,200 --> 00:24:22,080
And I'm now going to follow the
development of the stroll garden
338
00:24:22,080 --> 00:24:25,520
from the 17th century and visit one
that was made at the end
339
00:24:25,520 --> 00:24:30,280
of the 19th century and that is
starting to absorb Western changes.
340
00:24:38,720 --> 00:24:42,280
Murin-an is a Meiji era
stroll garden.
341
00:24:42,280 --> 00:24:46,080
Its purpose was not only to show off
the wealth and power of the owner
342
00:24:46,080 --> 00:24:49,680
but also to provide entertainment
for important guests.
343
00:24:50,840 --> 00:24:54,680
So this garden, like all stroll
gardens of every period,
344
00:24:54,680 --> 00:24:58,000
is designed to have a series of
changing views
345
00:24:58,000 --> 00:25:01,880
as you follow a path that weaves
through water and rocks,
346
00:25:01,880 --> 00:25:06,160
trees and shrubs and often
incorporates borrowed landscapes.
347
00:25:06,160 --> 00:25:09,400
And although the garden is actually
a little more than an acre
348
00:25:09,400 --> 00:25:13,680
with clever design that both reveals
distant wooded hills and hides
349
00:25:13,680 --> 00:25:17,000
the surrounding city,
it seems much larger.
350
00:25:17,000 --> 00:25:20,160
The garden was completed in 1898,
351
00:25:20,160 --> 00:25:22,440
and was designed by one of the
leading garden designers
352
00:25:22,440 --> 00:25:25,040
of the period, Ogawa Jihee,
353
00:25:25,040 --> 00:25:28,720
and the home of one of Japan's
most powerful leaders -
354
00:25:28,720 --> 00:25:31,640
the future prime minister
General Yamagata Aritomo.
355
00:25:35,720 --> 00:25:39,360
Murin-an shows some of the growing
western influence
356
00:25:39,360 --> 00:25:43,720
by successfully combining many
traditional Japanese features
357
00:25:43,720 --> 00:25:47,240
with the tightly mown lawns
of an English country garden.
358
00:25:51,600 --> 00:25:56,200
I think anybody who's gardened
in the West takes grass for granted,
359
00:25:56,200 --> 00:25:58,560
but you can't do that in Japan.
360
00:25:58,560 --> 00:26:02,360
And to see grass on this scale
is really unusual.
361
00:26:02,360 --> 00:26:04,320
It's Western.
362
00:26:04,320 --> 00:26:07,720
Grass and moss flow equally
into each other.
363
00:26:07,720 --> 00:26:09,920
And if ever there was a symbol
364
00:26:09,920 --> 00:26:14,200
for Western influence
and Japanese culture,
365
00:26:14,200 --> 00:26:16,800
it's the way that those two
work together.
366
00:26:19,560 --> 00:26:22,480
General Yamagata was a garden
designer in his own right
367
00:26:22,480 --> 00:26:25,920
and had close involvement
with the creation of Murin-an.
368
00:26:25,920 --> 00:26:29,840
He specified the exact location
of the waterfall in the far corner
369
00:26:29,840 --> 00:26:33,520
of the garden, close to both the
road and the nearby Lake Biwa canal.
370
00:26:33,520 --> 00:26:39,000
And the canal had been built in the
1880s to help reinvigorate industry
371
00:26:39,000 --> 00:26:42,800
in Kyoto, and it was Yamagata
himself who had signed off
372
00:26:42,800 --> 00:26:45,600
the permission for its construction.
373
00:26:45,600 --> 00:26:49,520
Perhaps that's why he felt that he
could simply siphon off water
374
00:26:49,520 --> 00:26:53,400
from it into the garden
and the pretence that he gave
375
00:26:53,400 --> 00:26:56,840
was that it was necessary
for fire control.
376
00:26:58,520 --> 00:27:02,720
The result is the garden now
has this splendid stream
377
00:27:02,720 --> 00:27:06,280
running through it,
opening out into a pond
378
00:27:06,280 --> 00:27:12,400
and creating movement and energy
right through the middle of it.
379
00:27:21,080 --> 00:27:26,520
Mr Yamagata made a teahouse in the
garden and the Emperor learnt
380
00:27:26,520 --> 00:27:31,160
of this and sent him a gift of two
pine trees, which he planted.
381
00:27:31,160 --> 00:27:33,200
Now, because the Emperor sent them
382
00:27:33,200 --> 00:27:35,840
he looked after them with special
attention.
383
00:27:35,840 --> 00:27:39,720
The pines flourished and as Yamagata
wrote,
384
00:27:39,720 --> 00:27:43,320
"They were like dragons rising
through the clouds."
385
00:27:43,320 --> 00:27:45,600
He sent a photo of them
to the Emperor
386
00:27:45,600 --> 00:27:49,880
who replied in the form of a short
poem expressing his pleasure
387
00:27:49,880 --> 00:27:53,480
and the hope that the pine trees
would keep Yamagata company
388
00:27:53,480 --> 00:27:55,520
for many years to come.
389
00:27:57,600 --> 00:28:00,400
Now, they're no longer here
but the place is marked
390
00:28:00,400 --> 00:28:01,840
by these stone squares.
391
00:28:03,040 --> 00:28:05,840
In fact there's another younger pine
growing inside one of them.
392
00:28:05,840 --> 00:28:10,480
But they're all part of
the history of the garden.
393
00:28:15,920 --> 00:28:19,760
The use of the borrowed landscape
of the distant wooded hills
394
00:28:19,760 --> 00:28:21,880
expands the sense of space.
395
00:28:23,200 --> 00:28:26,560
The gardeners maintain this illusion
by pruning the surrounding barrier
396
00:28:26,560 --> 00:28:30,720
of trees to just the right height
so that they frame the mountains
397
00:28:30,720 --> 00:28:33,320
whilst hiding the invading
city skyline.
398
00:28:35,920 --> 00:28:38,000
Two things strike me most
about this.
399
00:28:38,000 --> 00:28:41,800
The first is that the trees
are actually much smaller
400
00:28:41,800 --> 00:28:43,600
than they look from a distance.
401
00:28:43,600 --> 00:28:48,160
And that's because the garden uses
really clever perspective.
402
00:28:48,160 --> 00:28:51,600
But more importantly is
because they are pruning it,
403
00:28:51,600 --> 00:28:54,120
you see the borrowed landscape.
404
00:28:54,120 --> 00:28:59,040
So the hillside in the far distance
becomes part of the garden
405
00:28:59,040 --> 00:29:02,600
and that makes the garden
seem much bigger.
406
00:29:02,600 --> 00:29:06,440
And that feature of the
borrowed landscape
407
00:29:06,440 --> 00:29:10,840
is a really important part of the
next garden I'm going to see.
408
00:29:20,840 --> 00:29:24,960
This is Tairyu-Sanso, another turn
of the century stroll garden
409
00:29:24,960 --> 00:29:26,920
not far from Murin-an.
410
00:29:26,920 --> 00:29:29,400
I had expected that the garden
would be best appreciated
411
00:29:29,400 --> 00:29:33,640
by following the paths but was told
that the most spectacular views
412
00:29:33,640 --> 00:29:36,120
were from inside the building.
413
00:29:36,120 --> 00:29:39,520
So I put on the clean white socks
I'd been instructed to bring...
414
00:29:41,480 --> 00:29:44,760
..and gingerly stepped
into this immaculate house.
415
00:29:49,520 --> 00:29:55,280
It was good advice, because the
garden does look superb from here.
416
00:29:56,840 --> 00:30:00,240
At this time of year when you get
that rosy spread,
417
00:30:00,240 --> 00:30:02,840
the maples and the cherries as
418
00:30:02,840 --> 00:30:05,960
the autumn colour begins to hit it,
419
00:30:05,960 --> 00:30:09,240
it really does feel
as good as any painting.
420
00:30:09,240 --> 00:30:12,840
And someone said to me that
the European aristocracy
421
00:30:12,840 --> 00:30:15,640
collected paintings for their houses
422
00:30:15,640 --> 00:30:17,880
whereas the wealthy Japanese
423
00:30:17,880 --> 00:30:21,400
made living art out of
their gardens.
424
00:30:23,040 --> 00:30:26,280
And just like any good work of art,
there are no irrelevant
425
00:30:26,280 --> 00:30:28,400
or chance details.
426
00:30:28,400 --> 00:30:32,920
So the boat in the foreground
perfectly plays with perspective.
427
00:30:34,840 --> 00:30:38,760
And the waterfall and the water mill
are all composed
428
00:30:38,760 --> 00:30:41,040
as carefully as a painting.
429
00:30:45,480 --> 00:30:47,960
If you wanted to hire someone
430
00:30:47,960 --> 00:30:50,920
to create your garden as a living
431
00:30:50,920 --> 00:30:54,160
work of art then you needed the best
designer,
432
00:30:54,160 --> 00:30:57,160
and Jihee Ogawa was the man
of the moment.
433
00:30:57,160 --> 00:31:00,240
He had designed Murin-an
ten years earlier
434
00:31:00,240 --> 00:31:04,120
so he was hired here to do the same
sort of thing,
435
00:31:04,120 --> 00:31:06,480
which is to create a landscape
436
00:31:06,480 --> 00:31:08,960
that feels grand and dramatic,
437
00:31:08,960 --> 00:31:13,040
packed with these extraordinary
tableaux and views.
438
00:31:13,040 --> 00:31:15,160
And yet in the middle of Kyoto,
439
00:31:15,160 --> 00:31:17,240
in a relatively small space.
440
00:31:17,240 --> 00:31:22,320
This garden, believe it or not,
is only just over half the size
441
00:31:22,320 --> 00:31:24,560
of my own garden at home.
442
00:31:24,560 --> 00:31:26,720
Yet it seems huge.
443
00:31:26,720 --> 00:31:31,760
With the water running everywhere,
trees rising up the hillside,
444
00:31:31,760 --> 00:31:34,720
the scale is enormous,
445
00:31:34,720 --> 00:31:37,440
even though the space
is very limited.
446
00:31:50,440 --> 00:31:52,920
I'm hearing two waterfalls.
447
00:31:52,920 --> 00:31:55,240
At this spot right now we pass
448
00:31:55,240 --> 00:32:00,480
from one waterfall to the other,
but I can only see one.
449
00:32:00,480 --> 00:32:02,920
So when I'm back there, I'm assuming
450
00:32:02,920 --> 00:32:06,000
that the sound comes from the water
that I can see.
451
00:32:06,000 --> 00:32:09,480
But in fact, there's another one.
452
00:32:09,480 --> 00:32:11,680
And the garden is full of those
sleights of hand
453
00:32:11,680 --> 00:32:15,960
so when you're sitting on the
balcony looking out on this tableau,
454
00:32:15,960 --> 00:32:20,760
this beautiful scene, the sound
accompaniment is working perfectly,
455
00:32:20,760 --> 00:32:23,480
but from a completely
different source.
456
00:32:28,920 --> 00:32:31,200
Tairyu-Sanso is one of the few
457
00:32:31,200 --> 00:32:34,480
privately-owned historic gardens
in Kyoto.
458
00:32:34,480 --> 00:32:38,520
It is immaculately maintained
and exemplifies the almost
459
00:32:38,520 --> 00:32:43,080
obsessional artistry and detail
behind Japanese gardens.
460
00:32:47,640 --> 00:32:50,960
Stroll gardens remain as popular
today in Japan
461
00:32:50,960 --> 00:32:53,800
as they were in the Edo period.
462
00:32:53,800 --> 00:32:56,240
And there are lots to see in Kyoto.
463
00:32:57,640 --> 00:33:01,840
But there is one modern one in
particular that I want to visit
while I'm here.
464
00:33:04,920 --> 00:33:07,840
In the first programme
I went to see a garden...
465
00:33:09,480 --> 00:33:13,040
..designed by Mirei Shigemori.
466
00:33:13,040 --> 00:33:17,720
And he had taken a traditional idea
and given it a real modern twist.
467
00:33:17,720 --> 00:33:21,360
And at this temple on the outskirts
of Kyoto,
468
00:33:21,360 --> 00:33:25,000
I am told that he has done the same
thing with the stroll garden.
469
00:33:30,920 --> 00:33:37,120
This is Matsuo-taisha, which is one
of Kyoto's oldest shrines.
470
00:33:37,120 --> 00:33:40,480
Its origins can be traced
back to 700 AD.
471
00:33:44,600 --> 00:33:48,480
The story is that a nobleman
on horseback came across a turtle
472
00:33:48,480 --> 00:33:51,040
bathing under a waterfall.
473
00:33:51,040 --> 00:33:53,080
This was a profoundly
auspicious sign
474
00:33:53,080 --> 00:33:56,800
because turtles are considered
symbols of longevity and wisdom,
475
00:33:56,800 --> 00:33:59,920
so he founded the shrine
on the spot.
476
00:34:04,920 --> 00:34:09,160
In 1973, a new series of buildings
were completed.
477
00:34:09,160 --> 00:34:13,560
Mirei Shigemori was commissioned
to make gardens to accompany them.
478
00:34:16,080 --> 00:34:22,720
Shigemori based this garden upon
the ancient Chinese legend
479
00:34:22,720 --> 00:34:25,560
of this winding stream.
480
00:34:25,560 --> 00:34:28,920
And cups of sake would be put
into the water
481
00:34:28,920 --> 00:34:33,920
so it would work its way downstream
to reach poets,
482
00:34:33,920 --> 00:34:39,400
to give them inspiration to write
suitable verses for their masters.
483
00:34:39,400 --> 00:34:42,560
And what's really unusual
is actually the water itself,
484
00:34:42,560 --> 00:34:48,320
because Shigemori hardly ever
liked to use actual water.
485
00:34:48,320 --> 00:34:52,560
Tending to use gravel or sand
to represent it instead.
486
00:35:02,200 --> 00:35:08,360
I really like the way that Shigemori
manages to convey the idea
487
00:35:08,360 --> 00:35:10,640
of a large landscape
488
00:35:10,640 --> 00:35:13,320
in what is really quite a
small space.
489
00:35:13,320 --> 00:35:16,320
It captures the essence
490
00:35:16,320 --> 00:35:18,240
of a whole hillside,
491
00:35:18,240 --> 00:35:21,160
and the stream running through it.
492
00:35:28,320 --> 00:35:31,880
Tomotaka has been a priest
here for over 15 years,
493
00:35:31,880 --> 00:35:35,440
so he can tell me
how this garden has evolved.
494
00:35:35,440 --> 00:35:38,880
I gather that you saw this garden
very early on.
495
00:35:38,880 --> 00:35:40,680
What did it look like then?
496
00:36:03,440 --> 00:36:06,480
So, why do you think
that that has changed?
497
00:36:06,480 --> 00:36:10,400
What has made those stones mellow?
498
00:36:36,040 --> 00:36:41,440
So a new garden, sooner or later,
becomes an old garden?
499
00:36:41,440 --> 00:36:44,880
Thank you very much indeed.
Thank you.
500
00:36:48,360 --> 00:36:51,760
Shigemori died shortly
after this garden was made,
501
00:36:51,760 --> 00:36:53,440
and it was left to his son
502
00:36:53,440 --> 00:36:56,480
to realise his designs
for the rest of the shrine.
503
00:36:58,840 --> 00:37:03,000
Shigemori was a master of taking
traditional styles
504
00:37:03,000 --> 00:37:06,560
and combining them with modern,
conceptual ideas
505
00:37:06,560 --> 00:37:08,680
to create his gardens.
506
00:37:08,680 --> 00:37:11,920
However, the priest Tomotaka
told me that some feel
507
00:37:11,920 --> 00:37:15,720
that this can't be considered
a proper Japanese garden,
508
00:37:15,720 --> 00:37:19,000
and that it is more akin
to modern art.
509
00:37:19,000 --> 00:37:21,680
Well, there are those, like myself,
510
00:37:21,680 --> 00:37:26,080
who consider that not to be
criticism, but high praise.
511
00:37:32,040 --> 00:37:35,880
38 million people
live in Greater Tokyo,
512
00:37:35,880 --> 00:37:41,120
and the city is set to have
the world's highest population
density by 2030.
513
00:37:41,120 --> 00:37:43,920
So it's not surprising
that a garden of any kind
514
00:37:43,920 --> 00:37:45,920
is a luxury that many don't have.
515
00:37:50,200 --> 00:37:52,520
However, the Japanese
have other ways
516
00:37:52,520 --> 00:37:55,400
to bring a little greenery
into their lives.
517
00:37:55,400 --> 00:37:59,800
One method is to shrink everything
down to a smaller scale.
518
00:38:02,200 --> 00:38:06,520
It doesn't matter what style or age
of garden you find here in Japan,
519
00:38:06,520 --> 00:38:11,800
the trees and shrubs are invariably
tightly pruned and controlled.
520
00:38:11,800 --> 00:38:15,920
But none more so than bonsai.
521
00:38:15,920 --> 00:38:20,840
And bonsai I think, is something
everybody associates with Japan.
522
00:38:20,840 --> 00:38:22,520
And I've come to a suburb of Tokyo
523
00:38:22,520 --> 00:38:24,800
which is improbably called
Bonsai Village,
524
00:38:24,800 --> 00:38:27,920
to meet a bonsai master.
525
00:38:31,560 --> 00:38:36,960
The word "bonsai" simply means,
"planted in a shallow container".
526
00:38:36,960 --> 00:38:38,440
It originally came from China,
527
00:38:38,440 --> 00:38:41,320
arriving in Japan at the start
of the 14th century.
528
00:38:41,320 --> 00:38:43,080
There are different regional styles.
529
00:38:43,080 --> 00:38:45,320
Tokyo encourages stubbier trees,
530
00:38:45,320 --> 00:38:48,600
whereas those in Kyoto
focus more on elegance.
531
00:38:48,600 --> 00:38:52,720
But every specimen starts out
as an ordinary plant,
532
00:38:52,720 --> 00:38:56,120
and it's only skilful pruning
and careful training
533
00:38:56,120 --> 00:38:59,960
that eventually turns it into
a miniature representation
534
00:38:59,960 --> 00:39:01,800
of a fully-grown tree.
535
00:39:01,800 --> 00:39:05,640
Some of which can be
hundreds of years old.
536
00:39:07,320 --> 00:39:12,560
This is the bonsai nursery
Fuyo-en, run by Hiroshi Takeyama,
537
00:39:12,560 --> 00:39:14,960
a world-renowned bonsai master.
538
00:39:16,200 --> 00:39:20,000
And he's agreed to give me a lesson
on the essence of bonsai pruning.
539
00:39:20,000 --> 00:39:21,520
Hello.
540
00:39:21,520 --> 00:39:24,480
Now, I'm be very interested for you
to show me what you're doing.
541
00:39:41,000 --> 00:39:42,600
Yes.
542
00:39:43,960 --> 00:39:45,040
So a nice shape.
543
00:39:47,720 --> 00:39:49,960
Yes. So there's your last cut,
there.
544
00:39:49,960 --> 00:39:51,760
Yes. So we cut...
545
00:39:54,040 --> 00:39:56,000
I just cut there, yeah? Yes, yes.
546
00:39:56,000 --> 00:39:59,080
Oh, wow! Very handsome.
547
00:39:59,080 --> 00:40:01,120
There, it's grown a lot.
548
00:40:01,120 --> 00:40:04,400
That's got very dense, hasn't it?
549
00:40:17,600 --> 00:40:20,600
It's got a smooth,
smooth triangular shape.
550
00:40:33,840 --> 00:40:36,240
So you have this shape here.
551
00:40:38,640 --> 00:40:40,320
Thank you very much.
552
00:40:49,840 --> 00:40:52,120
It's always good to have a lesson
from a master,
553
00:40:52,120 --> 00:40:54,640
although I appreciate
that was very elementary.
554
00:40:54,640 --> 00:40:59,720
And I also appreciate that bonsai
is an ancient, ancient tradition
555
00:40:59,720 --> 00:41:04,720
that is very popular today because
it's small, but it's not modern.
556
00:41:04,720 --> 00:41:07,040
And that's what I want to go
and see now,
557
00:41:07,040 --> 00:41:10,760
is modern gardening
for a modern world.
558
00:41:19,160 --> 00:41:22,560
I've come here for a lesson
in kokedama,
559
00:41:22,560 --> 00:41:24,840
that translates as "moss balls".
560
00:41:24,840 --> 00:41:26,640
Hello. Hello.
561
00:41:26,640 --> 00:41:30,320
Kokedama is becoming
increasingly popular,
562
00:41:30,320 --> 00:41:33,920
and is a simple way of bringing
a piece of living garden
563
00:41:33,920 --> 00:41:35,440
into the smallest home.
564
00:41:35,440 --> 00:41:38,640
Chie Kishimoto runs workshops
on modern kokedama,
565
00:41:38,640 --> 00:41:41,360
and has kindly agreed to give me
a crash course.
566
00:41:41,360 --> 00:41:43,920
Well, I think that is
very beautiful,
567
00:41:43,920 --> 00:41:47,160
so I'd love to learn how to make
something like that.
568
00:41:47,160 --> 00:41:49,160
Could you show me? Hai.
569
00:41:53,160 --> 00:41:56,280
So turn that over. OK.
570
00:41:56,280 --> 00:41:59,360
Right. So just take this
571
00:41:59,360 --> 00:42:03,400
and wrap it round, just right round
the whole thing? Mm.
572
00:42:05,640 --> 00:42:08,240
So it's got a nice little blanket.
Mm.
573
00:42:08,240 --> 00:42:10,080
Now, what is this?
574
00:42:28,240 --> 00:42:29,920
OK, so, now we wrap it up?
575
00:42:29,920 --> 00:42:32,720
Now, if you saw me wrap
my Christmas presents,
576
00:42:32,720 --> 00:42:37,080
you would realise that this is going
to end badly. OK.
577
00:42:40,760 --> 00:42:42,400
Well, I will do my best.
578
00:42:45,120 --> 00:42:47,320
And why does it have to be cotton?
579
00:42:53,360 --> 00:42:55,600
So that goes round... OK.
580
00:42:55,600 --> 00:42:58,920
I'm going to have to put my glasses
on cos I can't really see it.
581
00:43:00,680 --> 00:43:02,520
Ah.
582
00:43:02,520 --> 00:43:05,160
OK. OK.
583
00:43:14,920 --> 00:43:16,520
THEY CHUCKLE
584
00:43:17,560 --> 00:43:20,760
So it's a tomato
rather than an aubergine.
585
00:43:20,760 --> 00:43:24,640
Oh, come on, this is not too bad!
This could be worse.
586
00:43:26,840 --> 00:43:28,880
So we cut that.
587
00:43:28,880 --> 00:43:30,720
Yeah?
588
00:43:37,480 --> 00:43:40,240
Gosh, that's very clever. Mm.
589
00:43:40,240 --> 00:43:42,520
Clever, but difficult.
590
00:43:43,920 --> 00:43:46,440
There we are. Yes! We're in! Hai.
591
00:43:48,080 --> 00:43:50,400
Well, I give...
592
00:43:50,400 --> 00:43:53,080
It's a sad comparison, but OK.
593
00:44:00,000 --> 00:44:04,280
Well, I think it's very beautiful,
and I love the delicacy of it.
594
00:44:04,280 --> 00:44:07,920
Thank you. Thank you very much
for showing me how to do that.
595
00:44:07,920 --> 00:44:09,480
SHE CHUCKLES
596
00:44:11,400 --> 00:44:14,000
Kokedama are fun,
as well as being a way
597
00:44:14,000 --> 00:44:17,040
of bringing a touch of nature
into the home,
598
00:44:17,040 --> 00:44:19,320
which is clearly a good thing.
599
00:44:19,320 --> 00:44:22,560
However, on a larger scale,
the opportunities to create
600
00:44:22,560 --> 00:44:26,120
new public gardens in Tokyo
are few and far between.
601
00:44:28,000 --> 00:44:32,040
But the government has recognised
their importance
602
00:44:32,040 --> 00:44:34,920
and is starting to do
something about that.
603
00:44:44,240 --> 00:44:48,960
For all the huge buildings
and numbers of people in Tokyo,
604
00:44:48,960 --> 00:44:52,840
there is a concerted effort
to green the city.
605
00:44:52,840 --> 00:44:56,880
In fact, there is now a law
that every building that is either
new or refurbished
606
00:44:56,880 --> 00:44:59,000
over 3,000 square metres,
607
00:44:59,000 --> 00:45:01,920
must have 20% of
its exterior surface,
608
00:45:01,920 --> 00:45:04,600
including the roof, that is green.
609
00:45:04,600 --> 00:45:08,920
As a result, there are many new roof
gardens across the city.
610
00:45:08,920 --> 00:45:11,480
Like this one, up on top of
a shopping centre,
611
00:45:11,480 --> 00:45:14,320
with a bullet train running
just a few feet away.
612
00:45:14,320 --> 00:45:16,720
And although it is an eclectic mix
613
00:45:16,720 --> 00:45:18,800
of Mediterranean
and Japanese plants,
614
00:45:18,800 --> 00:45:21,760
it is, nevertheless, a green space.
615
00:45:21,760 --> 00:45:25,520
And the result is that
this overpopulated,
616
00:45:25,520 --> 00:45:28,360
frenetic, extraordinarily-busy city,
617
00:45:28,360 --> 00:45:31,400
is becoming more pleasant for people
to live in,
618
00:45:31,400 --> 00:45:34,240
and environmentally,
much more friendly.
619
00:45:41,800 --> 00:45:44,640
Another unlikely place to find
a garden
620
00:45:44,640 --> 00:45:47,280
is in one of the world's
busiest airports.
621
00:45:47,280 --> 00:45:50,280
Right in the middle of
the domestic departure lounge
622
00:45:50,280 --> 00:45:52,800
of Tokyo's main airport, Haneda,
623
00:45:52,800 --> 00:45:55,600
is a permanent growing oasis.
624
00:45:57,080 --> 00:46:00,840
It's a garden made by a man
who will be familiar to millions
625
00:46:00,840 --> 00:46:02,840
of people in the UK,
626
00:46:02,840 --> 00:46:06,000
because it's designed by
Mr Ishihara,
627
00:46:06,000 --> 00:46:10,520
who has shown at Chelsea Flower Show
for 14 years,
628
00:46:10,520 --> 00:46:14,640
and, in the process, collected
no less than ten gold medals.
629
00:46:17,720 --> 00:46:21,760
In fact, this garden is based upon
one that he showed
630
00:46:21,760 --> 00:46:24,520
at the 2011 Chelsea Flower Show,
631
00:46:24,520 --> 00:46:28,040
and was opened here after
the earthquake of the same year
632
00:46:28,040 --> 00:46:32,040
as a statement of the enduring
strength and beauty of Japan.
633
00:46:33,280 --> 00:46:36,320
And a garden in the middle of
a busy airport
634
00:46:36,320 --> 00:46:38,440
somehow makes sense here,
635
00:46:38,440 --> 00:46:42,040
because the Japanese have
clearly learnt to utilise
636
00:46:42,040 --> 00:46:46,360
all the space that they can
to create little islands of calm.
637
00:46:49,000 --> 00:46:50,920
Mr Ishihara, hello.
Nice to meet you.
638
00:46:50,920 --> 00:46:53,440
And you. How are you?
I'm very good. Nice to see you,
639
00:46:53,440 --> 00:46:55,920
and to see this garden. Thank you.
640
00:46:55,920 --> 00:46:58,560
Please... I'd love to see inside it,
yes, please.
641
00:47:13,600 --> 00:47:17,080
Because it's interesting, this
garden doesn't appear very Japanese
642
00:47:17,080 --> 00:47:18,720
when you first see it.
643
00:47:18,720 --> 00:47:23,560
And what have been the problems
of maintaining a garden here?
644
00:47:23,560 --> 00:47:27,800
Because a show garden for Chelsea
is there for one week.
645
00:47:27,800 --> 00:47:31,840
This has now been here
for nearly seven years.
646
00:47:31,840 --> 00:47:34,680
How easy has that been?
647
00:47:41,440 --> 00:47:45,040
Really? So a difficult environment
to make a garden.
648
00:47:45,040 --> 00:47:47,640
Well, I look forward to seeing you
at Chelsea again.
649
00:47:47,640 --> 00:47:49,480
I hope you will be coming back
next year.
650
00:47:49,480 --> 00:47:51,160
Yes!
651
00:47:51,160 --> 00:47:53,520
Thank you. Thank you very much.
652
00:47:56,000 --> 00:47:59,280
This is clearly a very tricky place
to make a garden, but it works.
653
00:47:59,280 --> 00:48:04,160
It softens what would otherwise
be a hard and impersonal space.
654
00:48:04,160 --> 00:48:08,320
And this greening process is not
just working in public areas.
655
00:48:08,320 --> 00:48:12,200
I've heard of a private
house recently designed and built
656
00:48:12,200 --> 00:48:17,120
that has incorporated the concept
into every aspect of its fabric.
657
00:48:17,120 --> 00:48:19,960
And that's what I want to go and see
next.
658
00:48:26,520 --> 00:48:30,120
This building is known as
the Tree-ness House.
659
00:48:33,400 --> 00:48:37,840
The owner, Taka Ishii, pulled down
his original house on the site
660
00:48:37,840 --> 00:48:41,520
so he could replace it
with this remarkable building.
661
00:48:43,120 --> 00:48:45,360
It took eight years to build.
662
00:48:45,360 --> 00:48:49,080
Finally being completed in 2017.
663
00:48:49,080 --> 00:48:54,040
And from the outset, the architect,
Akihisa Hirata,
664
00:48:54,040 --> 00:48:57,480
wanted to integrate nature
and man-made structure.
665
00:48:58,960 --> 00:49:01,840
As a result, the garden has been
incorporated
666
00:49:01,840 --> 00:49:04,400
into the very fabric
of the building.
667
00:49:08,360 --> 00:49:10,000
As you wind up the outside of
the house,
668
00:49:10,000 --> 00:49:12,720
it is a bit like clambering through
the branches of a tree.
669
00:49:12,720 --> 00:49:15,680
And, of course, the planting
aids that sensation.
670
00:49:15,680 --> 00:49:19,920
There's also a real sense
of the external wall being removed.
671
00:49:19,920 --> 00:49:23,440
So these stairs, which would
normally be on the inside
of the house,
672
00:49:23,440 --> 00:49:26,400
suddenly appear and take you
outside the building.
673
00:49:26,400 --> 00:49:28,280
And, of course, that's the point.
674
00:49:28,280 --> 00:49:32,760
It's playing with this idea of the
inside and outside of the garden,
675
00:49:32,760 --> 00:49:35,960
which is normally on
a horizontal plane,
676
00:49:35,960 --> 00:49:39,840
rising up and coming along with you
on this adventure.
677
00:49:41,360 --> 00:49:43,800
This garden seems to me
to be a potential model
678
00:49:43,800 --> 00:49:46,600
for future urban gardens.
679
00:49:46,600 --> 00:49:50,200
And I asked Taka Ishii
what it's like to live in.
680
00:49:50,200 --> 00:49:53,920
Now, was this your idea to create
this combination
681
00:49:53,920 --> 00:49:56,080
of garden and house in this style?
682
00:49:56,080 --> 00:49:59,840
No, actually, that was
the architect's idea. Right.
683
00:49:59,840 --> 00:50:03,800
But I told him
that I'm an art dealer,
684
00:50:03,800 --> 00:50:07,880
so always in the white cube
all the time.
685
00:50:07,880 --> 00:50:14,120
So I don't want to be in the
white cube when I'm in the home.
686
00:50:14,120 --> 00:50:17,920
It's a house full of levels
and shapes and forms.
687
00:50:17,920 --> 00:50:20,440
It feels organic.
It feels like the house has grown.
688
00:50:20,440 --> 00:50:23,640
Yes, it is.
It's like a tree, kind of. Yes.
689
00:50:23,640 --> 00:50:27,800
In the forest.
I've kind of lost where I am.
690
00:50:27,800 --> 00:50:32,880
Forest? It's a maze, actually,
forest, but it's...it's very fun.
691
00:50:32,880 --> 00:50:35,680
Well, it's really almost as much
a garden as it is a house.
692
00:50:35,680 --> 00:50:36,920
Yeah, yeah.
693
00:50:36,920 --> 00:50:40,680
I spend whole seasons here.
694
00:50:40,680 --> 00:50:45,960
So you can realise the new things
each season. Yes.
695
00:50:45,960 --> 00:50:47,680
It's very refreshing.
696
00:50:47,680 --> 00:50:50,960
One of the things that I can't help
notice, with a western eye,
697
00:50:50,960 --> 00:50:54,200
is the relationship between
a sort of very beautiful
698
00:50:54,200 --> 00:50:58,520
and proportioned house like this,
and other buildings... Mm-hm.
699
00:50:58,520 --> 00:51:03,120
..and the amazing tangle of wires
you have.
700
00:51:03,120 --> 00:51:07,960
Is that something that you think
that people would like to change,
701
00:51:07,960 --> 00:51:09,920
or that nobody notices?
702
00:51:09,920 --> 00:51:14,480
You live here, you don't notice
that much, actually. Yes.
703
00:51:14,480 --> 00:51:17,560
But I kind of like it.
704
00:51:17,560 --> 00:51:20,800
That's Tokyo. Yes.
Downtown Tokyo, I think.
705
00:51:20,800 --> 00:51:24,040
OK. So, that's just the spirit
of the place?
706
00:51:24,040 --> 00:51:25,840
Yeah, I think so.
707
00:51:29,440 --> 00:51:34,000
There's a strong vein of tradition
at the core of this building.
708
00:51:35,360 --> 00:51:38,840
Everywhere in Japan, you see
the importance of making nature
709
00:51:38,840 --> 00:51:41,160
a part of one's life.
710
00:51:41,160 --> 00:51:45,040
Whether that be in the
historic stroll gardens of Kyoto,
711
00:51:45,040 --> 00:51:48,800
or within the walls of
an ultramodern Tokyo house.
712
00:51:52,320 --> 00:51:55,520
There has been so much to take in
on this journey
713
00:51:55,520 --> 00:51:58,560
that it is a little overwhelming.
714
00:51:58,560 --> 00:52:01,440
So now I want to get away
from the bustle of Tokyo
715
00:52:01,440 --> 00:52:04,640
to see one last garden,
in a tranquil setting.
716
00:52:06,640 --> 00:52:08,400
WAVES CRASH
717
00:52:12,200 --> 00:52:14,640
I've come right across the country,
718
00:52:14,640 --> 00:52:17,680
to the west coast,
by the Sea of Japan.
719
00:52:17,680 --> 00:52:19,920
It's been a long journey,
but it's worth it
720
00:52:19,920 --> 00:52:24,400
because I've been told about
a garden here that I must visit,
721
00:52:24,400 --> 00:52:30,280
which includes components
from all the many gardens
722
00:52:30,280 --> 00:52:33,280
that I've visited
throughout this series.
723
00:52:50,600 --> 00:52:54,080
This is the Adachi Museum at Yasugi,
724
00:52:54,080 --> 00:52:58,080
and has been voted
the most beautiful garden in Japan.
725
00:52:58,080 --> 00:53:02,440
There are elements in it
of every Japanese garden style.
726
00:53:02,440 --> 00:53:06,000
From Zen dry gardens,
727
00:53:06,000 --> 00:53:09,120
moss gardens and stroll gardens,
728
00:53:09,120 --> 00:53:11,280
to borrowed landscape,
729
00:53:11,280 --> 00:53:14,760
and, of course,
the obligatory maples.
730
00:53:14,760 --> 00:53:18,960
The guiding spirit behind this was
Zenko Adachi,
731
00:53:18,960 --> 00:53:22,880
who was a farmer's son
born and raised in a nearby village.
732
00:53:22,880 --> 00:53:26,920
He created the museum
to house his art collection,
733
00:53:26,920 --> 00:53:30,760
and made its surrounding garden
to provide the perfect setting.
734
00:53:34,240 --> 00:53:38,040
Zenko Adachi learnt
his business acumen very early.
735
00:53:38,040 --> 00:53:40,200
As a small boy, he sold charcoal.
736
00:53:40,200 --> 00:53:42,640
And he only had straw sandals
to wear,
737
00:53:42,640 --> 00:53:45,120
and often, he'd have to trudge
through snow
738
00:53:45,120 --> 00:53:47,680
and walk ten miles every morning.
739
00:53:47,680 --> 00:53:51,560
And he worked out that if he
doubled the amount of charcoal
on his barrow,
740
00:53:51,560 --> 00:53:53,320
he could make a lot more money.
741
00:53:53,320 --> 00:53:56,800
And that sense of entrepreneurship
742
00:53:56,800 --> 00:53:59,640
very quickly earned him
a large fortune.
743
00:54:01,040 --> 00:54:03,920
Throughout his life,
he travelled across Japan,
744
00:54:03,920 --> 00:54:07,320
visiting gardens
and personally selecting
745
00:54:07,320 --> 00:54:09,800
trees and stones to use here.
746
00:54:09,800 --> 00:54:13,000
To the end of his days,
he apparently knew every detail
747
00:54:13,000 --> 00:54:16,640
of every single tree and rock
in the garden.
748
00:54:16,640 --> 00:54:20,040
This was his obsession
and his masterpiece.
749
00:54:20,040 --> 00:54:22,560
But like all masterpieces,
750
00:54:22,560 --> 00:54:25,760
you can look, but you can't touch.
751
00:54:27,280 --> 00:54:29,880
The garden can only be viewed
752
00:54:29,880 --> 00:54:34,160
from these large windows
inside the building.
753
00:54:34,160 --> 00:54:37,440
And that means that the design
and the maintenance
754
00:54:37,440 --> 00:54:39,600
and every detail of it
755
00:54:39,600 --> 00:54:42,880
is geared towards that one face.
756
00:54:42,880 --> 00:54:47,320
And the garden is a series
of static scenes
757
00:54:47,320 --> 00:54:49,720
to be looked at like paintings.
758
00:55:01,040 --> 00:55:03,840
Everything is meticulously
thought out
759
00:55:03,840 --> 00:55:07,920
and maintained
like a vast Chelsea show garden.
760
00:55:07,920 --> 00:55:10,480
And every clipped shrub, rock
761
00:55:10,480 --> 00:55:12,920
and sweeping curve of grass
762
00:55:12,920 --> 00:55:15,760
is calculated for maximum effect.
763
00:55:18,000 --> 00:55:21,080
To help unravel
this virtuoso performance,
764
00:55:21,080 --> 00:55:23,720
I'm catching up again
with Professor Suzuki,
765
00:55:23,720 --> 00:55:27,640
who I first met back at Kenroku-en
in April.
766
00:55:29,400 --> 00:55:32,080
Professor Suzuki, could you explain,
767
00:55:32,080 --> 00:55:34,840
really, the philosophy
behind the garden?
768
00:55:34,840 --> 00:55:37,040
That's a museum garden.
769
00:55:37,040 --> 00:55:40,960
It was kind of
the miniaturised landscape,
770
00:55:40,960 --> 00:55:44,320
the landscape of the seaside,
771
00:55:44,320 --> 00:55:49,040
with pine trees and white sand
and the ocean.
772
00:55:49,040 --> 00:55:53,280
For us, it's kind of the typical
landscape of Japan.
773
00:55:53,280 --> 00:55:56,040
Very, very popular, very calm.
774
00:55:56,040 --> 00:55:59,240
And it's a mother landscape,
I think.
775
00:55:59,240 --> 00:56:03,720
And it's kind of our mindscape.
776
00:56:03,720 --> 00:56:08,000
As well as being a mindscape,
I like the idea of that,
777
00:56:08,000 --> 00:56:11,280
and a distillation,
what is most noticeable to me
778
00:56:11,280 --> 00:56:16,160
is that the whole garden is designed
to be seen from these windows.
779
00:56:16,160 --> 00:56:19,800
Yeah. I mean, even us sitting here,
looking out over the pond garden...
780
00:56:19,800 --> 00:56:22,800
Yeah, yeah. ..it's a series
of pictures, isn't it?
781
00:56:22,800 --> 00:56:24,280
Yes, it is, yes.
782
00:56:24,280 --> 00:56:27,480
He was inspired by the paintings.
783
00:56:27,480 --> 00:56:31,160
Like, a western painting,
it's the framing
784
00:56:31,160 --> 00:56:35,080
and also the one piece
and one piece, one piece.
785
00:56:35,080 --> 00:56:41,280
And also, in Japan, the traditional
way to paint, the rolling...
786
00:56:41,280 --> 00:56:43,360
So a scroll, yes. Yeah. Yeah.
787
00:56:43,360 --> 00:56:46,040
So you should see the garden
as a scroll that you move along...?
788
00:56:46,040 --> 00:56:47,880
Right. Exactly. Yes.
789
00:56:47,880 --> 00:56:52,440
It's kind of an unique scenery,
like a sequence,
790
00:56:52,440 --> 00:56:55,680
with the idea of
scrolling pictures here.
791
00:57:01,040 --> 00:57:04,440
I was struck by something
Professor Suzuki said,
792
00:57:04,440 --> 00:57:06,120
which was that Adachi,
793
00:57:06,120 --> 00:57:10,360
with all its references
to traditional Japanese gardens,
794
00:57:10,360 --> 00:57:12,800
for the first time for a long while,
795
00:57:12,800 --> 00:57:15,480
is inspiring
a generation of Japanese
796
00:57:15,480 --> 00:57:18,120
to look at their own history
for inspiration
797
00:57:18,120 --> 00:57:22,360
to create new and beautiful gardens.
798
00:57:24,120 --> 00:57:28,640
Well, I've come to the end
of my time here in Japan,
799
00:57:28,640 --> 00:57:30,280
and I've been so lucky.
800
00:57:30,280 --> 00:57:34,760
I've seen the cherry blossom
at its very best in spring,
801
00:57:34,760 --> 00:57:41,320
and now, in autumn, gardens
just raging with a fiery glory.
802
00:57:42,800 --> 00:57:44,680
And I've see a whole range
of gardens, too.
803
00:57:44,680 --> 00:57:47,160
From the very earliest pond gardens,
804
00:57:47,160 --> 00:57:50,160
right through the rock gardens
of the Zen period,
805
00:57:50,160 --> 00:57:53,960
tea gardens, stroll gardens,
up to the most modern.
806
00:57:53,960 --> 00:57:57,480
And I've really started
to understand
807
00:57:57,480 --> 00:58:00,120
and learn about
the handling of space.
808
00:58:00,120 --> 00:58:02,840
How that the gaps between things
809
00:58:02,840 --> 00:58:06,120
can be as important as
any other aspect of the garden.
810
00:58:06,120 --> 00:58:11,640
And the Japanese regard every detail
to be important,
811
00:58:11,640 --> 00:58:15,320
and therefore,
worthy of being beautiful.
812
00:58:15,320 --> 00:58:21,680
Modern Japan still has
a real awareness of its history.
813
00:58:21,680 --> 00:58:26,080
And there is still
a reverence for nature.
814
00:58:26,080 --> 00:58:31,000
And, I believe, a living delight
815
00:58:31,000 --> 00:58:33,160
in its gardens.
69731
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