All language subtitles for 24 Hours After Hiroshima NG Explorer 720p EN SUB_ENG_Subtitles01

Narrator: August 6, 1945.

The first mission
of its kind.

Morris Jeppson: The last
person to have his hands on

that weapon was me.

Narrator: A devastating new
weapon is unleashed on the

city of Hiroshima.

Within weeks, the US
government mobilizes teams

of scientists and soldiers
to assess the damage.

Directly from the pages of
their report, the science

of the first atomic bomb,
as told by the men who

analyzed the effects of the
explosion and the survivors

who experienced
them first-hand.

Takashi Tanemori: All of a
sudden bang, flash in the sky.

Narrator: Now, what
happened in the 24 hours

after the world's
first atomic attack.

Morris Jeppson: On August
6th, 1945 I was 23 years old.

I was on board the Enola
Gay B-29 flying to Japan.

Shigeko Sasamori:
1945 August 6.

I was 13 years old.

Takashi Tanemori: On August
6th, 1945, I was standing

against the window
looking outside.

Koko: On August 6th, 1945,
I was 8 months old baby.

And this is the dress
I was wearing that day.

Narrator: A day earlier, at
a military base on Tinian

Island in the pacific, the
world's first combat atomic

bomb is brought out on the
tarmac in preparation for

delivery.

The weapon's code
name is Little Boy.

Its conception is the most
covert operation ever

undertaken by
the US Military.

Some say it holds the power
of the sun, the stars, the

cosmos.

But for the crew, the bomb
looks like something much

less cosmic.

Morris Jeppson: Little
Boy was, ten feet long.

A weighing more than the
biggest pick up truck you

can buy.

Narrator: Morris Jeppson,
is one of twelve Enola Gay

crewmembers, whose mission
is to drop Little Boy on a

yet to be identified
Japanese city.

At 2:45am, almost 12 hours
after loading the four and

a half ton cargo, the
mission officially begins.

The Enola Gay takes off and
heads west toward Japan.

Morris Jeppson: The first
time I saw, Little Boy, was

when I climbed in
to the bomb bay.

Narrator: Within this
cylinder of armored steel

is 140 pounds of highly
enriched uranium.

It's uranium is divided
into a projectile and a

target.

The bomb works like a big
gun, bags of gunpowder

ignite, creating the
pressure to send the

projectile flying forward,
smashing it into the

target.

Within seconds, critical
mass creates a nuclear

chain reaction releasing
a colossal amount of

destructive energy.

But because B-29s are known
to crash on take off, the

gunpowder is not
yet inside the bomb.

Now that they're safely
off the ground Jeppson and

Captain Deke Parsons can
put the explosives into

place.

It takes Parsons only 15
minutes to place the four

bags of cordite gunpowder
inside the bomb's tail.

But Little Boy's detonation
system is not yet fully armed.

That's Morris
Jeppson's job.

These are the actual plugs
he used that day to arm the

Little Boy bomb.

The weapon has three green
plugs that work like a

safety lock on a gun,
preventing it from

activating.

Jeppson must remove the green
plugs and swap them out.

The red plugs complete
the weapon's electrical

circuitry so that sparks
can ignite the gunpowder.

Morris Jeppson: I had to
handle, touch, lean on the

Little Boy bomb.

So the last person to have
his hands on that weapon

was me.

Narrator: With the last red
plug in place, the bomb is

now alive.

There are less than two
hours before they reach

Japan yet no one's
completely sure that Little

Boy will actually work.

Morris Jeppson: The
Hiroshima bomb was an

experimental weapon and
it was the first test.

Narrator: Three Japanese
cities had been chosen as

potential targets
for the attack.

The primary is the port
city of Hiroshima located

on the delta of
the Ota River.

A city of considerable
military importance, it

houses a communication
center and an assembly area

for troops.

But it's far from just
a military target.

Eighty percent of the
people here are civilians.

Since the previous March of
1945, almost every major

city in Japan has been
fire-bombed yet Hiroshima

remains untouched.

Richard Richard Rhodes: The
people of the city worried

about that.

Were they being chosen for
something especially terrible?

Narrator: But as the
Enola Gay reaches Japan,

Hiroshima's fate
is still not final.

It all depends
on the weather.

One of the requirements for
the target is that it has

to be visible from the air.

Weather planes fly ahead to
check the conditions over

the three selected cities.

As it happens it is a clear
morning at Hiroshima.

The city's fate
is now sealed.

Narrator: Thirteen-year-old
Shigeko Sasamori can feel

the sun burning down on
her on this hot, cloudless

morning.

She runs to join
schoolmates in their

assignment to clear the
streets for firebreaks in

case of attack.

Shigeko Sasamori: I look
up the sky, I saw the

beautiful silver airplane
and the white long tail and

the blue sky.

It looks beautiful.

And same time I saw
something drop.

Narrator: Shigeko is less
than a mile from the Enola

Gay's target, the
distinctive T-shaped Aioi

Bridge.

Running across the river in
the center of downtown, it

can be spotted easily
at even 32,000 feet.

90 seconds before release,
the Bombardier sets his

sights on the target about
two miles below, and makes

careful last-minute
manuevers.

Will they hit the target,
and will it explode at the

pre-set altitude of 1900
feet over the city?

Morris Jeppson: There are
hydraulic actuated doors,

big long doors 12, 15 feet
long, they don't just

slowly open.

They fly open like that.

Narrator: Jeppson and
fellow crewmembers had done

the math and expect the
bomb to detonate at 42

seconds.

Morris Jeppson: At 43
seconds I was nervous.

I was monitoring
the test box.

Thinking and
counting in my head.

Narrator: The crew of the
Enola Gay are not the only

ones counting down at
8:15 on August 6th.

Eight-year-old Takashi
Tanemori, left home at 8am

to get to his school.

He's looking forward to
playing with his friends.

Takashi Tanemori: I was
excited this particular

morning for the hide and
seek because I was chosen

as it.

So I was standing against
the window looking outside.

Narrator: While Takashi
counts, thousands of others

are outside, on route
to work and school.

As the lone Enola Gay flies
overhead there's little alarm.

It looks nothing like the
bombing squadron most

people fear.

Richard Rhodes: People
assumed it was a weather

plane, and instead of doing
what the scientists had

assumed would happen which
is they would run into bomb

shelters and be safe from
the effects of the blast.

People came
outdoors to look.

Takashi Tanemori: All of a
sudden, bang, flash in the

sky, pure white.

I saw the bones in my
fingers as though I was

looking at an x-ray.

So intense.

Narrator: This is the only
footage ever taken of this

atomic explosion, scant
documentation of an event

that changes the
course of history.

Within moments, the
mushroom cloud is 10 miles

high.

It spreads 3 miles over the
city and its more than 350

thousand inhabitants.

On the day of the attack,
the United States has been

in the war for 4 years and
has lost over a hundred

thousand men on the
pacific front alone.

Despite losing over a
million men the Japanese

continue to fight fiercely.

Some fear that if the war
goes on millions more will

be lost on both sides.

Richard Rhodes: We thus
saw the atomic bomb as a

potential way to shock
them into surrender.

Narrator: This radically
new bomb reduces the

living, breathing downtown
of Hiroshima to a

wasteland.

70,000 human beings
are dead instantly.

Another 70,000 injured.

It's the highest death toll
ever caused by a single

weapon.

Yet Japan continues to fight.

Three days later,
on August 9th,

the United States
drops a second

atomic bomb.

This time on the
city of Nagasaki.

Another 40,000 die.

Japan formally surrenders
three weeks later.

The world's bloodiest
war is finally over.

Narrator: Just weeks after
Japan's surrender, President

Truman orders a report on the
physical and medical damage

inflicted by this new weapon.

Hundreds of scientists,
engineers and military

personnel are
recruited for the job.

Alongside occupation
forces, special

investigative teams
arrive in Hiroshima.

Working with Japanese
scientists, they'll spend

10 weeks amidst the ruins
gathering intelligence.

To comprehend the bomb's
devastating power, the

analysts break down the
three major effects of the

atomic explosion.

Upon detonation, an
explosion of energy is

released into a
small volume of air.

This creates a searing,
white-hot fireball that

flashes hotter than the
surface of the sun.

Gamma rays and neutrons
from the break-up of

uranium shoot outward as
deadly invisible radiation,

as the fireball stops
expanding, a wall of

pressure or blast wave,
races out at more than 700

miles per hour.

In their report, the
scientists describe the

effects of the first stage
of the explosion, a thermal

flash.

It generates temperatures
of 7200 degrees Farenheit,

twice the melting
point of steel.

Because there's so little
film footage of the

explosion in Hiroshima,
scientists look to atomic

tests, to help them measure
the intensity of the heat.

Ted Postol: When the weapon
detonates, an enormous

amount of energy is
released in a very short

period of time, and a very
large amount of the energy

is released simply in the
form of light and heat.

The temperatures
get extremely high.

Perhaps tens of
millions of degrees.

It's as if somebody could
reach down into the center

of the sun and place it in
the atmosphere and let it

release its energy.

Narrator: This energy is
instantly lethal when

released upon human beings.

Ted Postol: If your skin
gets illuminated it will

simply be turned
into carbon.

And in the case of people
who were close enough to

get that much light and
heat on their bodies, they

simply ceased to exist as
living entities without

them probably even being
aware that anything had

happened.

Narrator: It's impossible
to know exactly how many

citizens are turned into
simple piles of carbon

during those
first few seconds.

The US Military
maps the casualties.

Within a radius of eight
hundred feet from ground

zero, almost no
one survives.

Some, exposed directly to
the rays of the fireball

seem to vanish completely.

What remains are now
called atomic shadows.

These imprints of both
people and objects can be

found all over Hiroshima.

Ted Postol: What happened
was that the light from the

fireball shined on the
ground and it caused the

concrete to
actually darken.

The light from the fireball
was intercepted by this

railing here, and so this
bright area was not exposed

to the extreme light
of the fireball.

Narrator: These Atomic
shadows give scientists a

tool to analyze the
location of the explosion.

Ted Postol: And this
allowed people to measure

the direction and the
height of burst of the

nuclear weapon because they
could form a plum line and

from many different
directions you can actually

get the location of
the nuclear explosion.

Narrator: From their
calculations, the

scientists discover the
Enola Gay hit incredibly

close to the target, just
550 feet, less than two

football fields away from
the t shaped bridge.

More than 50% of those
killed within a half-mile

of ground zero died
of severe burns.

Those who survive at that
distance are barely alive.

This man is suffering from
the type of burns that

plague Shigeko Sasamori.

The flash burns over
two thirds of her body.

The little girl who had
left the house that morning

is unrecognizable to her
mother when she finds

Shigeko 5 days
after the blast.

Shigeko Sasamori: She heard
my voice but it didn't look

like me.

Because my face and hair was
like a big black football.

All round and where is the
nose where is the eyes.

Couldn't tell all black.

Man: Clothing ignited, thatched
roofs of houses caught fire.

The flash heat was intense
enough to cause fires

despite the distance of the
fire ball from the ground..

Narrator: Anything exposed
to the heat of the flash, a

child's notebook,
newspapers, the traditional

paper soji screen,
ignite instantly.

Temperatures higher than
3200 degrees Fahrenheit

fuse even roof tiles into
unrecognizable shapes.

Richard Rhodes: This
intense flash of light,

burned granite, burned steel,
burned iron and glass.

Whether you lived or died
depended on how far away

you were from ground zero.

It didn't matter if you
were Japanese or Martian.

This was not an
ideological bomb.

This was a weapon of mass
destruction, a weapon of

terror.

Narrator: Less than a mile
from ground zero is the

3-story school building
where Takashi is playing

hide and seek.

The bomb's shockwave
is about to hit.

Takeshi Tanemori: I do
not know exactly how it

happened but our school
building collapsed.

The blast singed the left
side of face I do not know

how long under the debris.

Pitch dark.

You cannot see anything.

Even my hands from my
nose I could not see.

Narrator: Takashi
is not alone.

There are thousands trapped
beneath the rubble that was

once downtown Hiroshima.

Narrator: The blast wave
created by the Little Boy

atomic bomb flattens the
city in less than 10 seconds.

Male Military Voice: Over
60,000 buildings were

destroyed or severely
damaged by the atomic bomb.

This represents over 67%
of the city's structures.

Narrator: A full minute
after detonation the force

of the shock wave jolts the
crew of the Enola Gay, 9

miles away, 29,000
feet in the air.

Morris Jeppson: There was
a slapping effect on the

airplane it was the
passage of a shock wave.

And ok that's expected.

And then a few seconds and
another smaller slap and I

don't' think anybody on the
airplane knew what that was.

Narrator: That second hit
means the bomb has exploded

as planned, 1900
feet above the city.

To understand the dynamic
forces of shockwaves, blast

simulations are captured with
high-speed photography.

Upon explosion, a
super-heated bubble of air

violently pushes outward,
creating a shock wave.

Ted Postol: Now this shock
wave as it expands outward

will reach the ground and
reflect off the ground,

creating a combination of
a reflected shock and a

primary shock and so on the
ground you will do much

more damage than would
otherwise be the case from

the individual shocks.

And this is why the attackers
of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

chose to detonate a
weapon a couple thousand

feet off the ground,
basically to

maximize the destruction
to the target.

Narrator: If Little Boy had
been dropped on the ground

the earth would have
absorbed most of its

energy.

But detonation in the air
forces the shock wave out

flattening just about
everything in its path.

There is heavy damage
for three miles in every

direction.

More than a half a century
later, the once devastated

city of Hiroshima is
completely rebuilt.

Few visible scars remain
from the bombing.

But there is one building
that stood almost directly

under the bomb's detonation
and it is still here today

as a symbol of peace.

Once an exhibits building
for local business and

government, everyone inside
was killed instantly.

But the building
still stands.

Ted Postol: The dome was
built of copper and copper

melts at a low temperature,
light from the fire ball

was so intense that it
basically melted the copper

before the
shockwave arrived.

The shock wave came down
vertically blew through

this opening and just
knocked each floor down as

it propagated through.

So this building is
standing because of the

peculiar accident that it
was almost directly under

ground zero.

Narrator: Windows and
flying debris become

shrapnel as far as 12
miles away from the blast.

The damage from the
explosion is well

documented after US troops
arrive but on August 6th

the violence of the moment
is captured only in the

survivor's memories.

Many of Hiroshima's
survivors have painted

those first hours.

Years later, Takashi Tanimori
also wrote about them.

Takashi Tanimori: Beneath
the heap, I lay buried on

my back, unable to move.

Narrator: Trapped less than
a mile from ground zero,

Takashi can no longer hear
the cries of help from his

classmates.

A young soldier digs him out
from beneath the rubble.

But he's not out
of danger yet.

Takashi Tanemori: The
soldier carrying me weaved

in and out of throngs of
people who were screaming

in agony, charred, dead
or just barely alive.

Creeping, stumbling,
dragging their feet,

looking for any escape
the blazing inferno.

Narrator: The military analysts
studying the destruction

report the beginning
of a rare phenomenon.

Man: In Hiroshima fires
sprang up simultaneously

all over the wide flat
central area of the city.

Richard Rhodes: People
don't seem to understand

about this bomb that it's
main effect is fire.

It's not as if a bomb
started a fire in one

corner of a street and the
fire slowly worked its way

up to the other corner.

Everything was lit
instantaneously.

Narrator: These small
flames represent the many

fires burning in Hiroshima.

Fires that were set not
only by the initial flash

but also by the collapse
of gas lines and broken

cooking stoves.

The fires could be seen by
the Enola Gay's crew from

almost 30,000 feet
above the city.

Richard Rhodes: What they
saw really rather horrified

them.

Morris Jeppson: Down on the
ground was a spreading mass

of flickering lights, which
had to be flames of things

burning.

Richard Rhodes: There were fires
everywhere.

One of the crew said, "I
looked for a while and

counted for a while and
then I stopped counting."

Morris Jeppson: Now the
comprehension of what was going

on down there was settling on
people's minds, including

mine, that there was bad
destruction and loss of

life down below.

And the hope in everyone's
mind was that the explosion

was of magnitude that it
might affect the end the

war which it did.

Narrator: The flaming
points of light below the

Enola Gay are about to turn
into something much worse.

To see what happens when
many small fires are set

off simultaneously, Hughes
Associates, a group of fire

protection engineers,
designed a simulation.

Jason Floyd: First the fire
will be very small and

eventually we'll start to
see an effect developed as

what happened at Hiroshima.

Think of it as rather than
being cylinders to being

city blocks of
burning buildings.

In the city is you have
uneven terrain, you have

hills, you have buildings
of different sizes so you

have uneven airflow we've
set up these sheets of dry

wall with gaps in them to
sort of represent this idea

of having uneven terrain
which is going to introduce

a bit of a swirl into the
flow feeding the fire.

Narrator: The heat of the
flames sucks in air from

the ground.

This creates gale force winds
of up to 50 miles per hour.

Jason Floyd: At points of
time over the city you

would have had "fire
whirls" these tornados of

flame which would appear
and disappear as the air is

entrained into the fire and
forms these vortexes, much

like a dust devil
on a hot summer day.

Narrator: Whether flames
from candles, canisters or

city blocks, the fires
merge as the heat and winds

become more intense.

In Hiroshima the mass fire
burns for 6 hours and

consumes 4 and-a
half-square miles.

What remains is what survivors
call a "city of death."

Shigeko Sasamori: Hiroshima
city was red ocean, red

ocean fire burning whole
entire city is burning.

Narrator: The rivers of
Hiroshima are one of the

only safe havens for
survivors seeking safety

from the heat and flames.

Despite her serious burns,
young Shigeko Sasamori makes

it to a river bank, only
to be surrounded by

death and suffering.

Shigeko Sasamori: I
heard a baby screaming.

I still remember very
clearly the mother was

bleeding all over and, and
tried to nurse baby and

baby was so , when I
remember that part of it I

just can't take it.

Narrator: The river is
choked with floating

corpses.

Many of those still alive
are barely recognizable.

Shigeko Sasamori: People
themselves just horrible

looking, the hair with
ashes, and kinked up, and

some were skin hanging on.

Just dead people
walking, like a ghost.

Gusterson: Eye witnesses
will talk about survivors

walking out with their
hands in front of them,

apparently it dulled the
pain of skin that was

falling off, but it also
made people look like

walking ghosts.

Richard Rhodes: I remember
one woman described seeing

a man walking down the road
holding his eyeball in his

hand.

It's hard for us to imagine
how dantesque the world was

that was created by the
explosion of this beautiful

invention of physics.

Shigeko Sasamori: If there
is a hell, that was a hell.

Narrator: Thousands, in
desperate need of help,

have nowhere to turn and
no one to treat them.

Man: Medical facilities,
crowded into the heart of the

city were crippled or wiped
out by the explosion.

The impact of the
atomic bomb disrupted.

Narrator: The normal fabric of
life in Hiroshima is shattered.

Before the attack there are
more than 200 doctors in

the city, 90 percent are killed
or injured that day.

Gusterson: The scale
of destruction was so

enormous, it's not just the
10s of 1000s of dead and

incinerated bodies, there
were hardly any hospitals

functioning, hardly any
doctors functioning.

You have thousands of
people dying, gravely ill

with very little
infrastructure to help them.

Narrator: Of the area's 45
hospitals only 3 were usable.

But more than the city's
infrastructure is wiped out.

Richard Rhodes: When you
destroy a city you're

destroying an intricate
web of social and personal

connections.

One of the horrors for the
survivors was that their

world had been burned away.

They were left with their
burns trying to decide

where the world was.

Narrator: People who had
managed to survive the

attack are suddenly struck
down with a mysterious

illness some called
"Disease X."

Thousands of survivors
report vomiting, purple

sores and hair loss in the
days and weeks after the

blast.

The US Government knows
it's radiation poisoning.

But they don't fully
understand it.

Richard Rhodes: The only
studies that had been done

prior to that time, had
been done on rabbits.

There was almost no
literature about whole body

exposure in human beings.

Narrator: Two years after the
bomb was dropped the U.S.

government creates the
Atomic Bomb Casualty

Commission, the ABCC.

Their mission is not to
treat the survivors, but to

observe and study them to
see what radiation exposure

would do to their
health and mortality.

Koko Tanimoto Kondo was
one of their subjects.

Less than a mile from
ground zero, Koko was an

eight-month old baby in her
mother's arms when the bomb

exploded.

Koko Tanimoto Kondo: This
is area where our house was

located.

Now it's a new building
It's kind of difficult to

tell but yes,
this is the place.

At 8:15 I was with my
mother and the house was

destroyed.

Narrator: Although Koko
survived the blast and the

fire what was not known was
the effect radiation would

have on her body.

In the first milliseconds
of Little Boy's detonation,

electromagnetic energy, in
the form of gamma rays,

neutrons and x-rays, sprays
up to 2 miles in every

direction.

The waves and tiny
particles, invisible and

odorless, bombard anyone exposd
with cell-damaging energy.

For almost all within a
half-mile, the rays are deadly.

Hugh Gusterson: Many of the
survivors carry around with

them the fear that the
radiation is, like, a sort

of time bomb in
their bodies.

They've lived with the
constant fear that they

would come down with
leukemia or cancer, that

they would give birth
to children with birth

defects and so on.

Narrator: Several years
after her house collapsed

around her, Koko became
part of the ABCC's study.

Koko Kondo: The whole world
wanted to know how the

radiation affected
the human body.

The best way is to
check the children.

Narrator: For a decade,
Koko spends one day of

every year being examined.

Thousands of survivors are
still participating in what

is now one of the longest
running medical studies in

the world.

The ABCC, now the
Radiation Effects Research

Foundation, has collected
data from over 120,000

atomic bomb survivors.

Today, with the
collaboration of the

Japanese government, their
information continues to

shed light on how radiation
affects the human body.

Evan Douple: The reason
we as mamals die

from radiation exposure is
simply because cells have

DNA damage, chromosone damage
and they stop dividing.

Narrator: When cells stop
dividing the immune system

fails, internal organs shut
down, fetuses stop developing.

The process of life ends.

But this understanding
comes at a cost for

survivors like Koko.

As she hits puberty, the
examinations at the ABCC

become difficult.

At 14, Koko is ushered from
her private exam room to an

auditorium.

Koko Kondo: The doctor told
me to go up the stage.

But the spotlight was so
strong so I could not see

how many people inside, but
I could hear the different

languages so I could guess
this must be the doctor's

meeting.

Then doctor said, "Please
take off your gown."

Puberty age.

Your body change from
childhood to adult woman.

I was just so furious.

Yes August 6th, 1945 I was
in Hiroshima but I didn't

started that war.

Why do I have to show
almost naked body to the

people?

I couldn't tell that to my
father, or my mother or my

friends, it's something deep
inside for a long time.

Evan Douple: It's quite
reasonable that they might

feel they were treated
like guinea pigs.

But because they have been
so faithful and loyal and

contributing, their legacy
is that their information

is going to benefit
all of mankind.

Narrator: Koko has never
been able to have children,

a possible result of
radiation exposure.

But her participation in
the study is part of a

different sort of legacy.

The ABCC data is used to
help treat others exposed

to radiation, like the
victims of Chernobyl.

Koko Kondo: When I heard
that, I was pleased that my

data is useful for others.

Narrator: Today scientific
details about radiation

studies are freely
shared internationally.

But there are other aspects
of the atomic bombing of

Hiroshima that are
not easy to uncover.

Secrecy has always
enshrouded the world of

atomic science from the
conception of the bombs

even to today.

For years, the U.S.

government confiscated
and suppressed nearly all

images and first-person
accounts of the bombing of

Hiroshima and its
immediate aftermath.

It wasn't until 1952, seven
years after the bomb fell,

that these images, the only
photos taken on the day of

the bombing,
were made public.

Gusterson: Military censors
were aware that public

opinion back home could
turn to some degree against

the bombing if they were
exposed to images that are

very painful to see of what
exactly the atomic bomb had

done to human bodies
on a large scale.

Narrator: While the military
didn't want to share details of

the aftermath with the
public, they did want to

understand the power
of these new weapons.

And they used film footage of
later atomic tests to do it.

The footage showed not only
effects of the heat ray and

shock wave on different
materials and structures,

but by studying the
explosion itself, analysts

could measure a weapon's
distance and yield.

Many of these films were
placed under lock and key

and to this day
remain classified.

The military analysts, who
witnessed the enormous

scale and chilling effects
of atomic weapons, close

their report with
a grim observation.

Man: There is no more
forceful argument for

peace than the sight of the
devastation of Hiroshima.

Ted Postol: These weapons,
they are so indiscriminate.

They are so murderous.

You have to ultimately
conclude that these are

weapons of mass genocide.

Narrator: By the mid-1950s
the US military was in a

global nuclear arms race
with the Soviet Union, and

was testing nuclear weapons
up to 1000 times more

powerful than those
used on Japan.

Richard Rhodes: We're
balanced on a knife-edge.

And until we get rid of all
the nuclear weapons in the

world and keep it that way,
we're always going to be

balanced.

In fact even without
nuclear weapons we're

always going to be balanced
on the knife-edge because

we know how to make them.

Narrator: Today, it's
difficult to see evidence

of the once-devastated
Hiroshima.

The museums and monuments
of Peace Park are a

reminder of what happened
on August 6th, 1945.

Inside this mound are the
remains of thousands bodies

not recognizable
and never claimed.

But the most powerful
reminders come from those

who survived the only ones
who can tell us what it's

like to live through
an atomic attack.

Koko: Only one bomb
changed the whole thing.

We have to learn.

We cannot make
the same mistake.

No.

Takashi: The greatest way
to avenge your enemy is by

learning to forgive.

I hope I am able to give
my children a better world

than I received, by telling
the story, the lessons that

we have learned, so
that's my desire.