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1
00:00:04,120 --> 00:00:06,400
'The Serengeti, East Africa.'
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00:00:07,920 --> 00:00:12,080
'Stage to one of the world's most
extraordinary natural spectacles.'
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'Each year, 1.3 million wildebeest
4
00:00:20,640 --> 00:00:24,240
make an incredible 650km journey
5
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from the vast Serengeti plains
in Tanzania
6
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to the highlands of Kenya's
Maasai Mara and back again.'
7
00:00:35,480 --> 00:00:38,640
'I've spent a year following them
on their epic journey.'
8
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'From the birthing plains...
9
00:00:42,840 --> 00:00:45,080
to the treacherous
river crossings...'
10
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A crocodile!
It's got it! It's got it!
11
00:00:50,120 --> 00:00:51,200
Wow!
12
00:00:51,920 --> 00:00:54,200
'..and the perilous fight
for survival.'
13
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'I got up close with the animals...'
14
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Really? Really?
The male is right next to me.
15
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(SIGHS)
16
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My heart's still pounding.
17
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'..and met the people...'
18
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Oh! Whoa! This is nuts.
19
00:01:15,920 --> 00:01:17,720
This is nuts.
20
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'..who are an integral part
of this...'
21
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'..one of the largest
mammal migrations on Earth.'
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(WILDEBEEST GRUNTING)
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'It's December.
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I'm in Tanzania, and on
the final leg of this epic migration
25
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that started almost a year ago.'
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'It's been ten months since 250,000
wildebeest calves were born,
27
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and I began working with
Dr Grant Hopcraft,
28
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one of the world's
leading researchers of wildebeest.'
29
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Here in the Serengeti,
a healthy ecosystem
30
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is one driven by wildebeest.
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If you imagine it's a big engine,
the wildebeest are the major cog,
32
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and everything else sort of
spins off on the side of that.
33
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'He GPS-collared four mothers
so we could follow them.'
34
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'So far, the herd has fought
a brutal dry season...'
35
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'..and they crossed
the death-defying Mara River,
36
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where many lost their lives
at the jaws of hungry predators.'
37
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'Since they started their journey,
38
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the wildebeest have travelled 500km
through the Serengeti
39
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and the Maasai Mara,
before looping back into Tanzania,
40
00:02:48,000 --> 00:02:50,480
where they're now heading down
the eastern side
41
00:02:50,560 --> 00:02:52,520
on the last push of the migration.'
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'The front-runners will be arriving
on the birthing plains
43
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in just a couple of weeks.
44
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Time for me to catch up with Grant.'
45
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How are you?
Good. How are you?
46
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Oh, a beautiful morning,
with the mist all around. I know.
47
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We can just see our wildebeest
appearing. Yeah.
48
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It's early December, opening scenes.
49
00:03:18,600 --> 00:03:21,000
The curtains have just opened
for the day.
50
00:03:21,120 --> 00:03:22,920
You know,
the play is about to start.
51
00:03:23,040 --> 00:03:27,080
So let's recap on the distance
so far. How far have they moved?
52
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OK. Well, when we look at
each of those radio collars
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00:03:30,480 --> 00:03:31,960
that we've put on erm...
54
00:03:32,080 --> 00:03:34,480
if we were to just measure
straight-line distance -
55
00:03:34,600 --> 00:03:36,440
you know,
where they've actually gone -
56
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it's about 500km so far.
57
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Once they do the complete migration,
58
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it will be about 650km
straight line.
59
00:03:42,480 --> 00:03:44,800
But when we calculate
what they're actually doing -
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because remember, they're not moving
necessarily in straight lines.
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00:03:48,200 --> 00:03:50,840
And so already, some of these
animals are at over 2,000km
62
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that they've walked this year.
63
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They would have come
exactly full-circle
64
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in another two or three more months,
and they'll be giving birth again,
65
00:03:57,760 --> 00:04:00,640
and the whole cycle will start again
with the next generation.
66
00:04:00,760 --> 00:04:03,080
So the period between now
and the actual birthing,
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00:04:03,200 --> 00:04:06,040
is this where they're just
building up their strength again?
68
00:04:06,160 --> 00:04:08,080
Are they gathering
as much food as they can?
69
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Now is the time to build up
those fat stores,
70
00:04:10,280 --> 00:04:12,800
because as soon as you drop
that calf,
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00:04:12,920 --> 00:04:15,520
all of your energy
just needs to pour into that calf
72
00:04:15,600 --> 00:04:17,480
as quickly as you can.
73
00:04:17,600 --> 00:04:22,200
Now, earlier this year, Jane, Rachel,
Virginia and Diane were all collared.
74
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Yeah, that's right. How many of them
are still out there?
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They're all alive. (LAUGHS)
Phew! OK. That's good.
76
00:04:28,880 --> 00:04:32,240
But, sadly,
not all the calves survived.
77
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Two of the calves were lost.
78
00:04:34,000 --> 00:04:36,680
OK, so we've lost 50 per cent in...?
79
00:04:36,800 --> 00:04:39,720
50 per cent, that's right,
which is higher than normal.
80
00:04:39,840 --> 00:04:42,440
Mm-hm.
On average, on an average year,
81
00:04:42,560 --> 00:04:44,520
we'd expect about 30 per cent to be
lost.
82
00:04:47,880 --> 00:04:50,800
'Although both Jane
and Diane's calves died,
83
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with just 150km to go,
84
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they've managed to survive...
85
00:04:55,600 --> 00:04:56,760
for now.'
86
00:04:58,680 --> 00:05:01,400
'But for the predators
in the eastern Serengeti,
87
00:05:01,520 --> 00:05:04,960
it's been slim pickings
while the herd passed through Kenya.'
88
00:05:08,960 --> 00:05:11,600
'Now they're arriving
in their territory.
89
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Famished carnivores
are starting to circle.'
90
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'They're eagerly awaiting
their approach.'
91
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(HYENAS CACKLING)
92
00:05:23,560 --> 00:05:25,520
(WILDEBEEST GRUNTING)
93
00:05:32,920 --> 00:05:36,320
'As the migration throngs south,
Grant and I follow them.'
94
00:05:39,240 --> 00:05:42,520
'And it's here we spot
a hungry lioness on the prowl.'
95
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Oh, she's lactating.
96
00:05:46,760 --> 00:05:49,320
Little suckle marks
around the nipples. Yeah.
97
00:05:49,800 --> 00:05:52,320
So she must have just given birth
somewhere.
98
00:05:52,400 --> 00:05:54,360
She's got a small cub somewhere.
99
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Perhaps it's hiding in these bushes
here, or up in there.
100
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Lions hate leaving their cubs behind
because they're vulnerable,
101
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and nobody likes a lion cub.
102
00:06:04,160 --> 00:06:07,480
So if leopards find a lion cub,
or anybody does, they kill it.
103
00:06:08,120 --> 00:06:11,600
So she's got these short little
windows to get out and catch food.
104
00:06:15,440 --> 00:06:18,720
One of those two
is a marked wildebeest.
105
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Yeah.
106
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'To make a kill, a lion has to get
within 15m of its prey
107
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before it can launch an attack.'
108
00:06:29,520 --> 00:06:31,160
She has to preserve her energy.
109
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She can't go full pelt for very long,
can she? No.
110
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And a wildebeest can outrun her.
OK.
111
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The only thing she has is she can
out-accelerate a wildebeest.
112
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But she can't outrun it.
113
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'For this lioness, the big open space
and little hiding places
114
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make an assault challenging.'
115
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Yeah, you see she's gone slinky now.
She's gone right down.
116
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Oh, she's so close,
and they have no idea.
117
00:06:59,040 --> 00:07:00,960
Oh, look. (Look, look, look, look.)
118
00:07:01,080 --> 00:07:03,120
(Look at her.
I think she's gonna go.)
119
00:07:06,280 --> 00:07:08,200
My heart is really pounding now.
120
00:07:11,200 --> 00:07:13,120
Oh! Here she goes! Here she goes!
121
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So, she's suffocating it right now.
122
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Lights will be out
in about a minute.
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I mean,
from a wildebeest perspective,
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this is the way to go,
because it's quick.
125
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There she goes.
126
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Eating into the intestines.
Yeah, starting at the same place -
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testes or the uterus.
128
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Is that cos it's the easiest access
point? Easiest access point.
129
00:07:57,720 --> 00:08:01,240
You wonder how many times that
wildebeest has been chased by lions,
130
00:08:01,360 --> 00:08:04,520
hyenas and crocodiles
and...everything else.
131
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Luckily, it's not Rachel,
Jane, Virginia, Diane.
132
00:08:10,720 --> 00:08:13,160
Have you lost any collars?
Yeah. Yeah.
133
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You mean to predators?
Yeah.
134
00:08:14,760 --> 00:08:16,080
Yeah, we do. Yeah.
135
00:08:16,200 --> 00:08:18,760
We've lost...well, several,
actually.
136
00:08:18,880 --> 00:08:22,520
It's about one in 15 of our animals
er...
137
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..get killed by a predator.
138
00:08:28,600 --> 00:08:32,080
'It's widely assumed that lions
are the kings of the jungle,
139
00:08:32,160 --> 00:08:34,880
but here in the eastern Serengeti,
140
00:08:35,000 --> 00:08:37,240
they have their own predator
to fear.'
141
00:08:40,040 --> 00:08:43,960
'Throughout the year, I've discovered
human and wildlife contact
142
00:08:44,080 --> 00:08:47,880
in every corner of this journey,
and here is no exception.'
143
00:08:49,960 --> 00:08:54,080
'For the Maasai, to prove your
manhood and become a warrior,
144
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it's said you have to slay a lion.'
145
00:09:00,160 --> 00:09:04,720
'To find out more,
I'm en route to see Daniel Rosengren,
146
00:09:04,840 --> 00:09:07,680
the park's lion expert
who I met earlier this year.'
147
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I'm hoping he can shed a bit of light
on this,
148
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cos I assumed this is something that
had died out many, many years ago -
149
00:09:15,920 --> 00:09:19,680
killing a lion
to prove your manliness.
150
00:09:20,360 --> 00:09:22,760
But according to many,
it still goes on here.
151
00:09:25,880 --> 00:09:29,440
Not bad.
Thank you very much. Thank you.
152
00:09:29,560 --> 00:09:31,800
One thing that I saw last year,
about a year ago,
153
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was actually the Maasai had come
into the park and killed lions.
154
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I have found a few lions that were
killed like that with spears,
155
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and one time there was actually
a dead Maasai there, too.
156
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I talked to the Maasai
157
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and they actually told us the story
behind it,
158
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that they come in big groups
to kill the lions,
159
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so maybe 20 or 30 people,
160
00:09:49,640 --> 00:09:52,120
and the lions
don't have much chance.
161
00:09:52,240 --> 00:09:55,040
But this lion in particular
had managed to grab one of them,
162
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and when the others
tried to save him,
163
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they threw the spears but missed
the lion and hit their own guy.
164
00:09:59,840 --> 00:10:02,920
And what happens if a Maasai
is caught killing a lion?
165
00:10:03,040 --> 00:10:06,720
Er... I think they get quite heavily
fined and could be put in prison.
166
00:10:07,480 --> 00:10:10,680
And er it's quite...they do have
quite high penalties,
167
00:10:10,800 --> 00:10:14,480
but most of the time no-one knows
actually who did it.
168
00:10:15,600 --> 00:10:17,840
And would you say the lion
population is in danger
169
00:10:17,920 --> 00:10:19,880
because of incidents like this?
170
00:10:20,840 --> 00:10:23,200
It definitely seems like
they're going down
171
00:10:23,280 --> 00:10:25,360
in the east side of the park
172
00:10:25,480 --> 00:10:28,600
where it's bordering the Maasai
areas, and all of the Maasai are...
173
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coming in further and further into
the park
174
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and bringing their livestock,
175
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and they will kill lions
to protect them.
176
00:10:36,080 --> 00:10:38,280
And actually, in October last year,
177
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we had seven cubs killed
at one time - even cubs.
178
00:10:43,880 --> 00:10:45,800
'Shocked by these revelations...'
179
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'..I'm keen to dig a little deeper
180
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and speak to someone with first-hand
experience of these ritual killings.'
181
00:11:04,130 --> 00:11:06,730
'It's the middle of the day
in the Serengeti,
182
00:11:06,850 --> 00:11:09,770
and the scorching heat
is burning down on the herd.'
183
00:11:10,770 --> 00:11:15,730
'The wildebeest have just 100km to go
until they reach the birthing plains,
184
00:11:15,850 --> 00:11:18,090
where they'll stay
for almost three months
185
00:11:18,210 --> 00:11:21,530
until the great migration
begins all over again.'
186
00:11:22,730 --> 00:11:25,370
'Winding their way
down the eastern border,
187
00:11:25,490 --> 00:11:28,690
the herd are now hugging the boundary
of the Serengeti
188
00:11:28,770 --> 00:11:30,730
and the Maasai tribal lands.'
189
00:11:32,970 --> 00:11:36,650
'This is the area where human
and lion conflict is rife.'
190
00:11:38,370 --> 00:11:41,410
'Appalled by the photos
Daniel showed me,
191
00:11:41,490 --> 00:11:43,770
I'm en route to see Paka Pooni,
192
00:11:43,890 --> 00:11:46,930
a Maasai elder who I met
at the beginning of my journey.'
193
00:11:48,770 --> 00:11:52,450
Pretty shocking to see those photos -
dead lions, dead Maasai.
194
00:11:53,050 --> 00:11:54,970
It's kind of tragic all around.
195
00:11:55,690 --> 00:11:59,530
I don't really see the point
in killing a majestic lion
196
00:11:59,650 --> 00:12:03,570
just to prove how clever you are
with your...spear.
197
00:12:03,970 --> 00:12:06,890
That... I just don't really get that.
198
00:12:07,010 --> 00:12:10,170
And that's why, you know, that's why
I want to see Paka Pooni again
199
00:12:10,290 --> 00:12:13,370
and...and try to get
a better understanding.
200
00:12:15,970 --> 00:12:18,890
'Last time I was here,
nine months ago,
201
00:12:19,010 --> 00:12:22,490
Paka Pooni had to travel 35km
to find water
202
00:12:22,570 --> 00:12:24,530
to keep his animals alive.'
203
00:12:25,290 --> 00:12:27,730
This landscape was so different then.
204
00:12:28,410 --> 00:12:32,370
This was a barren wasteland.
It was cold, it was dry.
205
00:12:33,050 --> 00:12:34,970
And now look at it.
206
00:12:37,650 --> 00:12:38,850
Paka Pooni!
207
00:12:38,970 --> 00:12:40,650
Hello! How are you, Mr Ben?
How are you?
208
00:12:40,770 --> 00:12:42,370
(SPEAKS IN OWN LANGUAGE)
Good to...
209
00:12:42,490 --> 00:12:45,010
(SPEAKS IN OWN LANGUAGE)
Thank you very much. Welcome.
210
00:12:45,130 --> 00:12:47,650
How are you? Fine.
Very good to see you again.
211
00:12:47,770 --> 00:12:50,290
Look how different this is.
It's so green now.
212
00:12:50,410 --> 00:12:54,690
The last time I was here it was
dusty, it was windswept, barren.
213
00:13:07,690 --> 00:13:11,130
So, I'm curious about your
interactions with wildlife.
214
00:13:11,250 --> 00:13:14,770
I know the wildebeest come close,
but what about other animals,
215
00:13:14,850 --> 00:13:16,810
and specifically predators?
216
00:13:31,530 --> 00:13:33,330
Can I ask,
have you ever killed a lion?
217
00:13:52,970 --> 00:13:54,010
And how did you feel?
218
00:14:05,050 --> 00:14:07,410
Have you been injured yourself
219
00:14:07,530 --> 00:14:10,130
when you killed these lions
with a simple spear?
220
00:14:10,210 --> 00:14:11,410
Where?
221
00:14:17,530 --> 00:14:18,730
Were you scared?
222
00:14:22,810 --> 00:14:25,570
Paka Pooni, your friend,
have you been attacked by a lion?
223
00:14:33,530 --> 00:14:34,450
(GROANS) Oh!
224
00:14:47,050 --> 00:14:51,250
Some people say that the Maasai
still do kill lions
225
00:14:51,330 --> 00:14:53,290
as this rite of passage.
226
00:14:53,410 --> 00:14:55,650
Do you...
Do you believe it still goes on?
227
00:15:20,450 --> 00:15:24,890
But you can still kill lions
and you still do kill lions
228
00:15:25,010 --> 00:15:28,730
if they're going for your livestock
or your own lives. Is that right?
229
00:15:50,130 --> 00:15:51,650
I went to try and understand
230
00:15:51,770 --> 00:15:55,770
whether this sort of cultural killing
still goes on,
231
00:15:55,890 --> 00:15:58,650
whether the Maasai men
still kill lions
232
00:15:58,730 --> 00:16:00,690
to prove that they're men.
233
00:16:01,290 --> 00:16:04,450
Cos we know it does. I know it does -
I've seen a photograph.
234
00:16:04,570 --> 00:16:06,810
You know,
there's no doubt in my mind.
235
00:16:07,370 --> 00:16:10,290
And I thought Paka Pooni
was very guarded with his answers.
236
00:16:10,410 --> 00:16:15,170
Understandably so. You know,
he's not gonna say in a public forum,
237
00:16:15,250 --> 00:16:18,170
'Yes, I go out, we go out,
238
00:16:18,290 --> 00:16:21,290
the Maasai people go out and kill
lions,' because it is illegal.
239
00:16:21,370 --> 00:16:23,610
And I kind of...
240
00:16:23,730 --> 00:16:28,090
I've come away feeling I didn't get
that much information from him.
241
00:16:46,930 --> 00:16:48,570
'It's 6am,
242
00:16:48,690 --> 00:16:52,290
and as dawn breaks,
the Serengeti is slowly awakening.'
243
00:16:54,050 --> 00:16:56,130
'In the thick of the migration,
244
00:16:56,250 --> 00:16:59,290
some 20,000 wildebeest
are already on the move.'
245
00:17:00,730 --> 00:17:03,770
'They're following the rainclouds
that are building in the south
246
00:17:03,890 --> 00:17:07,530
and will ripen the savannah
to provide nourishment for the herd.'
247
00:17:09,250 --> 00:17:11,530
'Grant and I
keep track of their movements
248
00:17:11,610 --> 00:17:13,570
as they enter the home straight.'
249
00:17:15,290 --> 00:17:17,770
'But as the wildebeest
push determinedly
250
00:17:17,850 --> 00:17:19,810
towards their birthing ground,
251
00:17:19,930 --> 00:17:23,450
a steady stream of predators
continue to follow in their wake.'
252
00:17:25,450 --> 00:17:28,730
'These hyenas have been trailing
the migration for miles.'
253
00:17:29,330 --> 00:17:31,250
(HYENAS CALLING OUT)
254
00:17:37,810 --> 00:17:40,610
Look, look, look. Over there.
What's that? I don't know.
255
00:17:40,730 --> 00:17:44,330
It's a... Oh, wow! Oh, my God!
That is a wildebeest with a hyena.
256
00:17:44,930 --> 00:17:47,330
Look at that.
What the hell's going on there?
257
00:17:48,410 --> 00:17:50,050
See, it's down.
258
00:17:50,170 --> 00:17:53,290
It's a bull - you can see the horns.
It's still alive, then.
259
00:17:53,410 --> 00:17:55,650
It's alive. Oh, yeah.
But I'm sure that hyena's
260
00:17:55,770 --> 00:17:58,330
just tearing off its testicles
right now and going in,
261
00:17:58,450 --> 00:18:00,770
probably right through the stomach,
right here.
262
00:18:00,890 --> 00:18:03,130
Are you being serious?
Yeah, absolutely.
263
00:18:03,250 --> 00:18:06,250
Tearing the skin open and just
starting to eat. (GROANS)
264
00:18:06,330 --> 00:18:08,290
And that bull... (GROANS)
265
00:18:10,170 --> 00:18:11,810
(WILDEBEEST GRUNTS)
266
00:18:11,930 --> 00:18:15,050
I can actually hear the wildebeest
groaning. Yeah. Yeah.
267
00:18:16,610 --> 00:18:20,290
So, the way it's gonna die
is it will die of internal bleeding.
268
00:18:22,970 --> 00:18:24,410
Tragic in many ways
269
00:18:24,530 --> 00:18:26,290
that this wildebeest
reaches this point,
270
00:18:26,410 --> 00:18:30,690
probably crossed the Mara River,
escaped, you know, starvation,
271
00:18:30,810 --> 00:18:35,410
the crocodiles, and succumbed
to a single lone hyena here,
272
00:18:35,530 --> 00:18:38,250
almost at the end.
That's exactly it. Oh, wow.
273
00:18:38,370 --> 00:18:41,050
Yeah, yeah. Life sometimes
deals you a rotten hand.
274
00:18:41,130 --> 00:18:43,090
It does, doesn't it? Yeah, exactly.
275
00:18:44,210 --> 00:18:47,530
'Hyenas can eat around 15kg of meat
in one go.'
276
00:18:48,210 --> 00:18:53,410
'So with around 155kg spare,
there's more than enough left over,
277
00:18:53,490 --> 00:18:55,450
much to the vultures' delight.'
278
00:18:57,330 --> 00:18:59,610
And there's the hyena,
blood everywhere -
279
00:18:59,690 --> 00:19:01,650
on its front legs, all over its face.
280
00:19:02,770 --> 00:19:06,210
Obviously off to kind of sleep off
its double breakfast.
281
00:19:06,330 --> 00:19:09,690
Yeah, and I think probably to go and
find a nice cool puddle or something
282
00:19:09,770 --> 00:19:11,730
to lay in for the rest of the day.
283
00:19:13,610 --> 00:19:17,290
Tomorrow morning, probably try and
do the same thing all over again.
284
00:19:18,650 --> 00:19:20,730
Nature can be pretty brutal
sometimes.
285
00:19:20,810 --> 00:19:23,570
I think it was a bloody reminder
286
00:19:23,690 --> 00:19:26,490
of just how tough
a wildebeest life is here.
287
00:19:27,490 --> 00:19:30,450
I think the stereotype,
and certainly my assumption,
288
00:19:30,530 --> 00:19:32,810
is that hyenas are scavengers.
289
00:19:32,930 --> 00:19:35,170
But what I saw today
was very different to that.
290
00:19:35,290 --> 00:19:39,930
This was a predator in action,
killing an animal on its own.
291
00:19:40,610 --> 00:19:43,530
And I suppose I'm curious
to understand a little bit more
292
00:19:43,650 --> 00:19:47,450
about the hyenas and their role
within this ecosystem,
293
00:19:47,530 --> 00:19:49,770
and if this is normal.
294
00:19:51,730 --> 00:19:54,650
'As the wildebeest
continue to march south,
295
00:19:54,770 --> 00:19:59,130
I leave them behind to meet with
park researcher Michelle Lindson
296
00:19:59,210 --> 00:20:01,570
who monitors ten hyena clans,
297
00:20:01,690 --> 00:20:04,210
and has invited me to visit
one of their dens.'
298
00:20:06,450 --> 00:20:08,330
(HYENAS CACKLING)
299
00:20:08,450 --> 00:20:10,250
So where does this misconception
come,
300
00:20:10,370 --> 00:20:12,610
that they always scavenge
other animals' food?
301
00:20:12,690 --> 00:20:15,130
I think erm...in the past,
302
00:20:15,250 --> 00:20:19,370
the media, in terms of some films,
have not done hyenas a...
303
00:20:19,490 --> 00:20:21,770
You're talking about the Lion King
here? Yes.
304
00:20:21,890 --> 00:20:25,530
Scavenging is a very important thing
to do in an ecosystem.
305
00:20:25,650 --> 00:20:28,490
If you didn't have a scavenger,
you wouldn't have any animal
306
00:20:28,570 --> 00:20:30,250
to clear up carcasses.
307
00:20:30,370 --> 00:20:33,010
But hyenas in their own right
are amazing hunters.
308
00:20:33,090 --> 00:20:34,690
In some places where they live,
309
00:20:34,810 --> 00:20:37,130
they actually hunt
up to 90 per cent of their food.
310
00:20:37,250 --> 00:20:39,170
Really?
Yeah.
311
00:20:39,250 --> 00:20:40,690
(HYENA CRIES OUT)
312
00:20:40,810 --> 00:20:43,130
'Hyenas leave their territories
to hunt,
313
00:20:43,210 --> 00:20:44,690
and at this time of year,
314
00:20:44,810 --> 00:20:47,930
many commute towards
the wildebeest calving grounds.'
315
00:20:48,930 --> 00:20:53,050
'A single hyena will travel,
on average, 40km to make a kill.'
316
00:20:54,330 --> 00:20:58,290
In a year, they will travel
more than the wildebeest do.
317
00:20:58,410 --> 00:21:00,330
Seriously?
Yeah.
318
00:21:00,450 --> 00:21:03,170
All on this commuting journey?
Yeah. Yeah.
319
00:21:03,970 --> 00:21:07,450
Cos, you know, they're going
back-and-forth, back-and-forth.
320
00:21:07,570 --> 00:21:10,810
And for the lactating females,
the females that have got cubs,
321
00:21:10,890 --> 00:21:13,570
they have to come back more often.
322
00:21:14,770 --> 00:21:20,290
'Hyena clans are matriarchal, meaning
an alpha female is always boss.'
323
00:21:21,650 --> 00:21:24,530
Can I just point out something
slightly ridiculous?
324
00:21:24,650 --> 00:21:26,890
It looks like
she has an enormous willy.
325
00:21:26,970 --> 00:21:28,650
Yes, they have...
326
00:21:28,770 --> 00:21:32,290
They have these pseudo-penises
that actually become erect.
327
00:21:32,410 --> 00:21:34,890
So you'll see a female
wandering around and think,
328
00:21:35,010 --> 00:21:37,410
'Oh, she must be nursing -
she's got nipples,
329
00:21:37,490 --> 00:21:39,570
but she's also got a massive penis'.
330
00:21:41,010 --> 00:21:42,450
It's an interesting sight.
331
00:21:42,570 --> 00:21:46,570
As they're playing with each other,
their penises are swinging around.
332
00:21:47,410 --> 00:21:50,450
They have an elongated clitoris,
333
00:21:50,570 --> 00:21:52,810
and their labia
is also fused together
334
00:21:52,890 --> 00:21:54,970
and looks exactly like testicles.
335
00:21:55,050 --> 00:21:57,650
Which beggars the question, why?
336
00:21:57,770 --> 00:22:01,890
We actually don't know
how this evolved,
337
00:22:02,010 --> 00:22:04,330
but there are big benefits
for the female.
338
00:22:04,410 --> 00:22:05,890
With this pseudo-penis,
339
00:22:06,010 --> 00:22:11,210
a male cannot mate with a female
unless she retracts it, basically.
340
00:22:11,770 --> 00:22:15,690
So only when that female is like,
'Yes, I will mate with you,'
341
00:22:15,810 --> 00:22:18,530
can that actually happen.
So this is all about dominance.
342
00:22:18,650 --> 00:22:22,690
It's about keeping that hierarchy,
that the female is still the boss.
343
00:22:22,810 --> 00:22:25,570
Yeah. Even when it comes to sex.
And the males know that.
344
00:22:25,690 --> 00:22:27,770
I mean,
this is a fascinating dynamic.
345
00:22:27,890 --> 00:22:29,970
Is that what appeals to you so much,
do you think?
346
00:22:30,090 --> 00:22:33,770
Yeah, it's just...I absolutely
adore them.
347
00:22:33,890 --> 00:22:37,250
And my life mission
for the past eight years
348
00:22:37,370 --> 00:22:42,770
has been to just make people think
about them a bit differently...
349
00:22:42,850 --> 00:22:44,810
just to give them a chance.
350
00:22:49,050 --> 00:22:51,410
She's on a one-woman campaign
351
00:22:51,530 --> 00:22:53,970
to change people's attitudes
towards them.
352
00:22:54,090 --> 00:22:57,570
And, you know, I came out here
with the Lion King stereotype
353
00:22:57,690 --> 00:23:01,330
of this conniving creature
that steals from other animals,
354
00:23:01,450 --> 00:23:03,930
but, you know, it couldn't really
be further from that.
355
00:23:04,050 --> 00:23:06,770
And that's why I'm out here,
to learn and to understand.
356
00:23:06,890 --> 00:23:10,010
And what I love is when we're sitting
in that car,
357
00:23:10,090 --> 00:23:13,770
looking at that den of hyena,
358
00:23:13,890 --> 00:23:18,250
just over the brow is this
extraordinary journey of wildebeest
359
00:23:18,330 --> 00:23:20,290
that are on this migration.
360
00:23:30,050 --> 00:23:33,890
'It's the middle of December,
and in just 50km,
361
00:23:34,010 --> 00:23:38,130
the whole herd would have completed
this year's remarkable migration.'
362
00:23:40,370 --> 00:23:41,730
'The trailblazers
363
00:23:41,850 --> 00:23:45,090
are already starting to trickle onto
the birthing plains.'
364
00:23:47,330 --> 00:23:51,650
'As soon as they arrive,
it's all about stocking up on food -
365
00:23:51,770 --> 00:23:55,370
and the grass here is the most
nutritious in the whole Serengeti.'
366
00:23:58,250 --> 00:23:59,690
'During this time,
367
00:23:59,810 --> 00:24:04,090
the wildebeest scoff 4,500 tonnes
of grass every day.'
368
00:24:05,490 --> 00:24:08,130
'But what goes in...must come out.'
369
00:24:09,850 --> 00:24:13,730
'And that's between 2,000
and 3,000 tonnes of dung and urine
370
00:24:13,850 --> 00:24:15,890
which are dumped on the plains
daily.'
371
00:24:19,250 --> 00:24:22,050
'And that's where the humble
dung beetles step in.'
372
00:24:24,810 --> 00:24:28,570
'They're the sewage system that keeps
this place looking spotless.'
373
00:24:31,450 --> 00:24:33,010
Look!
Hello.
374
00:24:33,530 --> 00:24:36,050
Here we go. Look at this.
375
00:24:37,850 --> 00:24:39,970
So this is a dung beetle?
This is a dung beetle.
376
00:24:40,090 --> 00:24:42,890
Let me just stop him and see what
he... Feel the force of that.
377
00:24:43,010 --> 00:24:46,210
Put the pencil there and just feel
how... It's incredible! Yeah.
378
00:24:46,330 --> 00:24:48,970
So whose dung is this?
This is a wildebeest dung.
379
00:24:49,530 --> 00:24:52,370
So what's this little fellow
actually doing with this dung?
380
00:24:52,450 --> 00:24:54,650
This is a roller dung beetle.
381
00:24:54,770 --> 00:24:57,970
Rollers will cut a piece of dung
out from the poop
382
00:24:58,090 --> 00:25:00,010
and make a ball like this.
Yeah.
383
00:25:00,530 --> 00:25:04,290
He'll roll it and roll it until it's
very nice and compact and smooth.
384
00:25:04,370 --> 00:25:06,050
Then he'll try and look for a mate.
385
00:25:06,170 --> 00:25:07,970
In fact,
this might even be a female.
386
00:25:08,050 --> 00:25:10,010
It might be a mated female already.
387
00:25:10,090 --> 00:25:11,730
So I think what's probably happened
388
00:25:11,850 --> 00:25:13,770
is that she's already gone
and made it,
389
00:25:13,850 --> 00:25:15,530
she's got fertilised eggs
390
00:25:15,650 --> 00:25:18,250
that she's looking to deposit
into good balls.
391
00:25:19,610 --> 00:25:22,450
It'll find a very nice spot
and start digging a hole,
392
00:25:22,570 --> 00:25:25,490
and then it'll slowly bury that ball
down into this hole.
393
00:25:25,610 --> 00:25:27,850
And then it's gonna lay an egg
inside it,
394
00:25:27,970 --> 00:25:30,650
and that egg will develop slowly
over the next few months.
395
00:25:30,770 --> 00:25:33,810
By next wet season,
we'll end up with a new dung beetle
396
00:25:33,930 --> 00:25:36,690
coming out of that
essentially dung-ball egg.
397
00:25:37,370 --> 00:25:40,130
I mean, it's incredible.
So these are proper workers out here.
398
00:25:40,250 --> 00:25:43,770
Oh, yeah. Yeah. They're turning over
soil at an incredible rate.
399
00:25:43,850 --> 00:25:45,170
Everywhere we look here,
400
00:25:45,290 --> 00:25:47,930
all this soil is just constantly
getting tilled.
401
00:25:48,050 --> 00:25:50,970
This grass, by next season,
is gonna have a dung ball
402
00:25:51,090 --> 00:25:52,970
that its roots
are growing straight into.
403
00:25:53,090 --> 00:25:55,890
The dung that from this year
feeds the wildebeest of next year.
404
00:25:56,010 --> 00:25:58,810
Jane's dung is gonna be feeding
her calf next year.
405
00:26:00,330 --> 00:26:05,570
'The dung beetles dispose of 75 per
cent of all poop that's deposited,
406
00:26:05,650 --> 00:26:07,850
and it's hard graft.'
407
00:26:07,970 --> 00:26:10,530
This is considerably more
than its bodyweight.
408
00:26:10,650 --> 00:26:13,290
Yeah. On an average night,
these animals can bury
409
00:26:13,410 --> 00:26:16,370
sort of 250 times
their own bodyweight. No way!
410
00:26:16,490 --> 00:26:20,570
Yeah. So it's the equivalent of you
digging 250 graves in a night.
411
00:26:23,810 --> 00:26:27,650
'So, when another brazen beetle
tries to nick your wares...'
412
00:26:29,610 --> 00:26:32,210
'..war over the precious dung ball
is waged.'
413
00:26:37,810 --> 00:26:40,490
What we have here is a sneaker.
Isn't that amazing?
414
00:26:40,610 --> 00:26:42,290
Is he just being cheeky?
Absolutely.
415
00:26:42,410 --> 00:26:45,610
Rather than going and cutting a ball
for himself, or herself,
416
00:26:45,730 --> 00:26:48,690
it's decided, 'I know, I'll go
and steal somebody else's ball,
417
00:26:48,770 --> 00:26:50,730
cos half the work's already done.'
418
00:26:51,250 --> 00:26:53,530
And will it come down
to who is the strongest?
419
00:26:53,650 --> 00:26:56,770
Who's the strongest, exactly.
You can see them chasing each other.
420
00:26:56,890 --> 00:26:59,650
Look at how aggressive
that's becoming. It's a scrap.
421
00:26:59,730 --> 00:27:01,690
It's a dung-beetle scrap!
422
00:27:07,730 --> 00:27:11,410
'Our dung beetle successfully manages
to stand her ground,
423
00:27:11,530 --> 00:27:14,610
keep hold of her ball
and fight off the thief.'
424
00:27:15,810 --> 00:27:17,970
I never thought I'd see a fight
over a ball of poo.
425
00:27:18,090 --> 00:27:20,090
(LAUGHS) That's right.
Isn't that amazing?
426
00:27:20,170 --> 00:27:22,090
Everything's so valuable out here.
427
00:27:22,170 --> 00:27:24,490
This resource is erm...you know,
428
00:27:24,610 --> 00:27:26,970
justifies a huge amount
of competition for it.
429
00:27:27,090 --> 00:27:30,250
When you see a wildebeest walking by
and having a poo,
430
00:27:30,370 --> 00:27:32,730
you don't really take that
into consideration,
431
00:27:32,850 --> 00:27:35,890
but for the life of these
dung beetles it's everything.
432
00:27:36,010 --> 00:27:39,250
You know? That's the manna
falling from heaven.
433
00:27:39,330 --> 00:27:40,290
(CHUCKLES)
434
00:27:45,890 --> 00:27:48,050
'As the front runners
hungrily munch away
435
00:27:48,170 --> 00:27:50,770
at the pastures
on the birthing plains,
436
00:27:50,890 --> 00:27:54,130
they're devouring the most unique
grass in the Serengeti.'
437
00:27:56,170 --> 00:27:58,250
'Nowhere else
can they find a savannah
438
00:27:58,330 --> 00:28:01,130
that's richer in sodium and calcium,
439
00:28:01,250 --> 00:28:04,850
which the females now need in order
to produce the best quality milk
440
00:28:04,970 --> 00:28:08,090
for their calves, which will be born
in two months' time.'
441
00:28:09,890 --> 00:28:12,210
'The reason for this fertile land
442
00:28:12,290 --> 00:28:16,130
lies at 2,962m.'
443
00:28:18,450 --> 00:28:21,090
'Rising above the Great Rift Valley
444
00:28:21,210 --> 00:28:24,450
is the active volcano
Ol Doinyo Lengai.'
445
00:28:26,490 --> 00:28:29,090
'Over the past half a million years,
446
00:28:29,170 --> 00:28:32,050
dust and ash from its explosions
447
00:28:32,170 --> 00:28:35,690
have blown across
the wildebeest birthing grounds,
448
00:28:35,770 --> 00:28:37,610
fertilising the whole region
449
00:28:37,730 --> 00:28:40,570
and creating succulent
and enriched grazing.'
450
00:28:47,450 --> 00:28:49,690
'I leave the wildebeest behind
451
00:28:49,770 --> 00:28:51,970
and head 100km east
452
00:28:52,090 --> 00:28:55,490
to the volcano on the border of
the Ngorongoro conservation area.'
453
00:28:58,410 --> 00:29:01,610
Over the last...year or so,
454
00:29:01,690 --> 00:29:04,130
this whole volcanic mountain range
455
00:29:04,250 --> 00:29:09,370
has sort of loomed over the Serengeti
and the migration.
456
00:29:09,490 --> 00:29:14,090
It's these volcanoes that drive
everything, in one sense.
457
00:29:15,130 --> 00:29:18,090
I'm now off to meet a Maasai man
called Sami.
458
00:29:18,850 --> 00:29:22,770
And Sami is basically gonna tell me
a bit more about the mountain,
459
00:29:22,890 --> 00:29:25,890
the significance,
what it means to the Maasai people.
460
00:29:25,970 --> 00:29:27,930
(GOATS BLEATING)
461
00:29:33,410 --> 00:29:35,570
(SPEAKS IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE)
462
00:29:36,970 --> 00:29:37,890
Sami?
Yes.
463
00:29:38,010 --> 00:29:39,330
Ah!
How are you?
464
00:29:39,450 --> 00:29:41,690
Very well. I'm Ben.
Sami.
465
00:29:41,810 --> 00:29:43,690
Nice to meet you.
It's very beautiful here.
466
00:29:43,810 --> 00:29:45,730
Yes. You're welcome.
This is your home?
467
00:29:45,810 --> 00:29:47,770
Yes, this is my home place.
468
00:29:47,890 --> 00:29:50,610
I can't take my eyes off that.
The Mountain of God.
469
00:29:50,730 --> 00:29:53,690
Ol Doinyo Lengai? Ol Doinyo Lengai
is the Mountain of God.
470
00:29:53,810 --> 00:29:55,650
Why do you call it
the Mountain of God?
471
00:30:06,970 --> 00:30:09,050
I've been following the wildebeest,
472
00:30:09,130 --> 00:30:11,770
and it seems that the volcanoes
473
00:30:11,890 --> 00:30:14,130
are responsible
for all the rich wildlife.
474
00:30:14,210 --> 00:30:16,290
But for you, for the Maasai people,
475
00:30:16,370 --> 00:30:18,730
is it just a spiritual significance?
476
00:30:45,370 --> 00:30:47,730
'The highlands
that surround the volcano
477
00:30:47,850 --> 00:30:51,890
are home to a population
of over 1,800 Maasai
478
00:30:51,970 --> 00:30:53,930
who all rely on the land.'
479
00:30:55,410 --> 00:30:58,690
'Sami and his friend Lomay
take me on a steep hike
480
00:30:58,770 --> 00:31:00,730
high up into the mountains.'
481
00:31:02,050 --> 00:31:04,570
'We're following the route
that the tribe take
482
00:31:04,690 --> 00:31:07,610
when they bring their cattle
to the grazing plains.'
483
00:31:12,370 --> 00:31:15,970
'After a five-hour trek,
the landscape opens up
484
00:31:16,050 --> 00:31:18,010
to reveal a vast plateau.'
485
00:31:23,330 --> 00:31:26,810
You almost do your own migration.
If you imagine the wildebeest
486
00:31:26,930 --> 00:31:30,290
move around because they're
looking for fresh pastures
487
00:31:30,370 --> 00:31:31,450
to graze themselves,
488
00:31:31,570 --> 00:31:34,930
but the Maasai people - your people -
you move around
489
00:31:35,050 --> 00:31:37,290
to do the same thing
for your livestock.
490
00:31:50,410 --> 00:31:51,970
And are you a warrior?
491
00:31:59,410 --> 00:32:00,330
Whoa!
492
00:32:01,330 --> 00:32:02,570
I bow to you.
493
00:32:03,650 --> 00:32:07,530
'Sami and Lomay want to introduce me
to some of their warrior friends,
494
00:32:07,650 --> 00:32:10,570
who are keen for me to experience
their hospitality.'
495
00:32:10,650 --> 00:32:12,610
(SPEAKING IN OWN LANGUAGE)
496
00:32:13,650 --> 00:32:16,370
'The Maasai typically drink
fresh cow's blood
497
00:32:16,450 --> 00:32:18,410
by piercing the jugular artery.'
498
00:32:19,770 --> 00:32:21,930
'They do this on special occasions,
499
00:32:22,050 --> 00:32:24,290
and my visit
is cause for a celebration.'
500
00:32:25,290 --> 00:32:28,610
Do they always use the arrow?
Why do they not use a knife?
501
00:32:28,730 --> 00:32:29,730
No.
Why not?
502
00:32:32,490 --> 00:32:34,090
It would kill it? Yes.
503
00:32:34,170 --> 00:32:35,770
(COW MOOS)
504
00:32:39,330 --> 00:32:41,250
He's gonna... He's gonna finish it.
505
00:32:41,690 --> 00:32:43,770
Oh, look, he's got a blood moustache.
506
00:32:44,250 --> 00:32:46,130
OK. Yeah?
Tell me how the taste is.
507
00:32:51,650 --> 00:32:53,570
Oh. (LAUGHTER)
508
00:32:53,930 --> 00:32:56,050
Do you like it?
It's quite salty. Yes.
509
00:33:02,250 --> 00:33:04,170
It tastes of salt?
510
00:33:04,890 --> 00:33:06,770
Salty and warm.
Warm, yeah.
511
00:33:07,330 --> 00:33:08,810
Use it.
More?
512
00:33:08,930 --> 00:33:11,650
Yeah.
I've had two big mouthfuls.
513
00:33:11,770 --> 00:33:14,410
I'll have one more.
What's it gonna do to me? Nothing.
514
00:33:14,530 --> 00:33:16,610
Make your body.
Big and strong?
515
00:33:16,730 --> 00:33:19,650
I'll be strong like you? Yeah.
I'll have one more. OK.
516
00:33:19,770 --> 00:33:21,690
Here's to the Maasai.
Yeah.
517
00:33:21,770 --> 00:33:22,730
(SIGHS)
518
00:33:22,810 --> 00:33:24,050
(LAUGHTER)
519
00:33:24,170 --> 00:33:28,490
I felt...I understood a bit more
about the Maasai culture,
520
00:33:28,570 --> 00:33:30,770
the fact that they are nomads,
521
00:33:30,890 --> 00:33:33,650
and they go on their own unique
migration.
522
00:33:33,770 --> 00:33:38,210
OK, it's not hundreds of kilometres
or thousands of kilometres, perhaps,
523
00:33:38,330 --> 00:33:41,370
like our girls have been on
over the last year,
524
00:33:41,450 --> 00:33:43,490
but it's significant, nonetheless.
525
00:33:44,370 --> 00:33:46,290
(COW MOOING)
526
00:33:46,930 --> 00:33:51,410
The thing that's so beautiful
about the great migration
527
00:33:51,530 --> 00:33:55,810
is how everything is tied together,
everything is linked.
528
00:33:56,890 --> 00:34:00,530
Because the great migration wouldn't
have been such a spectacle for me
529
00:34:00,650 --> 00:34:03,690
had I not shared it with all these
extraordinary people.
530
00:34:12,120 --> 00:34:14,040
(INSECTS CHIRPING)
531
00:34:14,280 --> 00:34:16,720
'With December drawing to a close,
532
00:34:16,840 --> 00:34:19,760
all the wildebeest have now crossed
the finish line.'
533
00:34:20,360 --> 00:34:26,200
'Over a million animals have
completed an astounding 650km trek
534
00:34:26,280 --> 00:34:28,920
from the Serengeti grasslands,
535
00:34:29,000 --> 00:34:32,120
across the Maasai Mara in Kenya,
536
00:34:32,200 --> 00:34:34,160
and then back down again.'
537
00:34:38,000 --> 00:34:42,120
'Grant and I head out to watch
the hardy survivors congregate
538
00:34:42,240 --> 00:34:45,720
in big sprawling herds
on the fertile birthing plains.'
539
00:34:47,720 --> 00:34:49,640
(WILDEBEEST GRUNTING)
540
00:34:50,400 --> 00:34:54,080
'For the last time,
we're tracking one particular
541
00:34:54,200 --> 00:34:57,160
and very important female
called Jane,
542
00:34:57,280 --> 00:34:59,800
whose journey we followed
for nearly a year.'
543
00:35:00,760 --> 00:35:02,080
(RADIO SIGNAL CRACKLES)
544
00:35:02,200 --> 00:35:05,400
I can hear the signal. Yeah.
So you know she's somewhere here?
545
00:35:05,520 --> 00:35:08,560
She's somewhere in here, yeah.
You see all these animals here,
546
00:35:08,680 --> 00:35:11,400
you can see how difficult
it would be to find Jane.
547
00:35:12,280 --> 00:35:15,960
And let's be honest, one wildebeest
does look like the next. It does.
548
00:35:16,080 --> 00:35:19,760
Even after nearly a year with them,
I er...
549
00:35:19,880 --> 00:35:22,840
I find it hard to see any difference
whatsoever. (LAUGHS)
550
00:35:22,960 --> 00:35:26,600
Just the males from the females,
that's about... No, not even that!
551
00:35:29,400 --> 00:35:32,400
You've got to look between the legs.
(LAUGHS) Yeah, OK.
552
00:35:36,200 --> 00:35:38,120
Let's just stop here.
553
00:35:38,240 --> 00:35:41,840
Er... Because she's just here
somewhere. It's a very loud signal.
554
00:35:41,920 --> 00:35:43,880
(RADIO SIGNAL CRACKLES)
555
00:35:46,120 --> 00:35:49,280
Er... No, OK, those are males. Male.
556
00:35:50,920 --> 00:35:53,160
OK. I...
Yeah, that's her right there.
557
00:35:53,280 --> 00:35:56,520
Seriously, you found her?
Yeah, right there. Right there.
558
00:35:56,640 --> 00:35:59,840
I can't tell. There's a couple
of them just over there.
559
00:35:59,960 --> 00:36:03,720
Yeah, OK. You see those two zebra?
I've got her. I have got her.
560
00:36:03,840 --> 00:36:06,720
Next to the zebra.
That is amazing. Hey! (LAUGHTER)
561
00:36:09,800 --> 00:36:11,640
Yeah. Wow!
She's definitely pregnant.
562
00:36:11,760 --> 00:36:15,560
Oh, OK. Have a closer look.
You'll see the rib cage,
563
00:36:15,680 --> 00:36:18,480
and see how it bulges out
from the rib cage and down.
564
00:36:20,280 --> 00:36:24,840
So that confirms...that she somehow
found a mate during the rush?
565
00:36:24,960 --> 00:36:28,880
Yeah. From her perspective,
she lost her calf last year,
566
00:36:29,000 --> 00:36:31,960
which kind of freed her up.
This offspring here, hopefully,
567
00:36:32,040 --> 00:36:33,640
will be stronger than the last one,
568
00:36:33,760 --> 00:36:36,320
because she's had a whole year
to get fat and strong.
569
00:36:36,440 --> 00:36:39,280
And hopefully, then this offspring
that will be born as well
570
00:36:39,360 --> 00:36:41,400
will have a better chance than others
571
00:36:41,520 --> 00:36:44,280
born to mums who have been
more weathered and worn,
572
00:36:44,400 --> 00:36:47,360
who haven't been able to give
their young as much nutritious...
573
00:36:47,480 --> 00:36:49,720
Yeah, that's right.
And her calf, chances are,
574
00:36:49,840 --> 00:36:51,720
will be stronger
than everybody else's,
575
00:36:51,840 --> 00:36:55,600
because she's had almost an...well,
half a year to get ready for this,
576
00:36:55,720 --> 00:36:57,720
whereas everybody else
has been pregnant
577
00:36:57,800 --> 00:36:59,760
and lactating at the same time.
578
00:37:01,600 --> 00:37:05,240
Grant, I think, for me, what's so
interesting about this whole journey
579
00:37:05,360 --> 00:37:08,320
is that by putting these collars on
and giving them names
580
00:37:08,440 --> 00:37:10,480
and following them,
I actually feel...
581
00:37:10,600 --> 00:37:13,520
I feel much more connected
than I ever thought I would
582
00:37:13,600 --> 00:37:14,920
with a wildebeest.
583
00:37:15,040 --> 00:37:17,560
You know, it's what I said to you
when I first...
584
00:37:17,640 --> 00:37:19,360
when we met nearly a year ago.
585
00:37:19,480 --> 00:37:23,560
I... When I've been out to Africa
before, these have been the pigeons.
586
00:37:23,680 --> 00:37:26,000
Yes, exactly. These have just been
the dense crowds
587
00:37:26,120 --> 00:37:28,920
that have appeared in the background,
but I've never focused.
588
00:37:29,040 --> 00:37:32,120
But suddenly,
spending a year following Jane
589
00:37:32,200 --> 00:37:34,160
has given me such a unique insight.
590
00:37:34,280 --> 00:37:37,000
These are truly magnificent
creatures. Yeah.
591
00:37:38,800 --> 00:37:42,320
'This year, Jane will give birth
to her third calf,
592
00:37:42,400 --> 00:37:44,360
and it will be her fifth migration.'
593
00:37:45,360 --> 00:37:49,600
'For now, it's time she feasts
on this unique pasture
594
00:37:49,680 --> 00:37:52,120
and drinks in its nutrients
595
00:37:52,240 --> 00:37:54,960
so she's ready to give birth
in a couple of months
596
00:37:55,040 --> 00:37:57,000
and nurture her young.'
597
00:38:23,800 --> 00:38:27,920
'It's now February, and new life
has arrived in the Serengeti.'
598
00:38:30,800 --> 00:38:36,640
'During this time, 250,000 wildebeest
calves are born in just three weeks.'
599
00:38:37,680 --> 00:38:40,440
'Soon,
they'll begin one endless journey
600
00:38:40,520 --> 00:38:43,120
as they join the great migration,
601
00:38:43,240 --> 00:38:46,560
which will start its yearly cycle
all over again.'
602
00:38:48,680 --> 00:38:52,640
'It's a life built around
a constant search for the rains
603
00:38:52,760 --> 00:38:55,760
that support
this extraordinary ecosystem.'
604
00:38:59,480 --> 00:39:04,040
'Before their journey begins,
I meet with Grant for one last time.'
605
00:39:04,120 --> 00:39:06,080
(THUNDER ROLLS)
606
00:39:06,200 --> 00:39:08,520
We are overlooking
the Serengeti plains.
607
00:39:08,600 --> 00:39:11,120
Huge thunderclouds behind us.
608
00:39:11,760 --> 00:39:15,120
It's what it's all about, though -
it's all driven by the rains.
609
00:39:15,240 --> 00:39:18,240
By the rains, yeah. In fact,
it's beautiful just seeing that.
610
00:39:18,320 --> 00:39:20,120
We can hear the thunder rolling in.
611
00:39:20,240 --> 00:39:22,560
This is exactly what wildebeest
are looking for -
612
00:39:22,680 --> 00:39:25,240
lots of rain coming in,
feeding all their grass,
613
00:39:25,360 --> 00:39:27,920
feeding all the fresh babies,
making everybody fat.
614
00:39:28,000 --> 00:39:29,880
(WILDEBEEST GRUNTING)
615
00:39:30,000 --> 00:39:33,400
I think one of the beautiful things
for me is that our four girls
616
00:39:33,520 --> 00:39:37,080
that have their collars, they're out
there, still doing their thing...
617
00:39:37,200 --> 00:39:43,040
Yeah. ..in terms of improving
our knowledge of this ecosystem.
618
00:39:43,160 --> 00:39:46,760
Yeah. The collars that we've put on
now, the experiment's not over yet.
619
00:39:46,880 --> 00:39:50,480
It's continuing. It's gonna continue
for the next several years.
620
00:39:50,600 --> 00:39:53,680
Erm... And as we learn more and more
about Jane,
621
00:39:53,760 --> 00:39:55,200
Virginia, Diane and Rachel,
622
00:39:55,320 --> 00:39:58,400
they're telling us more about how
they're experiencing the system.
623
00:39:58,520 --> 00:40:01,160
What threats are they encountering?
That gives us insights
624
00:40:01,280 --> 00:40:04,880
into how to really manage
these ecosystems properly,
625
00:40:05,000 --> 00:40:08,760
and hopefully we'll be seeing these
ecosystems in a very similar state
626
00:40:08,840 --> 00:40:10,800
in 100, 200 years from now.
627
00:40:11,240 --> 00:40:13,960
We hear so much about climate change
and what we're doing,
628
00:40:14,080 --> 00:40:16,000
and there's no doubt
the rains were late
629
00:40:16,120 --> 00:40:18,040
and then the dry season was early...
Yeah.
630
00:40:18,160 --> 00:40:21,080
..but they seem to be adapting to it.
They are adapting to it.
631
00:40:21,160 --> 00:40:22,920
But you look at what cost.
632
00:40:23,040 --> 00:40:26,640
Of our four animals, they all had
calves, only half of them made it,
633
00:40:26,760 --> 00:40:29,680
and maybe that cost is coming
at the expense of reproduction.
634
00:40:29,800 --> 00:40:32,320
Of course, the other cost
that we're all concerned about
635
00:40:32,440 --> 00:40:35,400
is what happens if the gradients
that these animals are following -
636
00:40:35,520 --> 00:40:38,600
the nutritional quality of
the grass, the rainfall patterns,
637
00:40:38,720 --> 00:40:41,680
all that kind of stuff - what
happens if those gradients shift
638
00:40:41,800 --> 00:40:45,280
beyond the protected-area boundary?
We've protected the Serengeti
639
00:40:45,400 --> 00:40:48,520
where we know those gradients exist
for our time right now.
640
00:40:48,640 --> 00:40:51,040
What happens if they shift 100km
that way?
641
00:40:51,160 --> 00:40:53,680
So is it gonna change
beyond all recognition?
642
00:40:53,800 --> 00:40:58,080
Will my children come out here
in 20 years' time
643
00:40:58,200 --> 00:41:00,280
and follow the same routes
that I've done?
644
00:41:00,400 --> 00:41:02,560
Good question.
Nobody really knows the answer.
645
00:41:02,680 --> 00:41:05,240
But I can tell you for sure,
I'm an optimist. Mm-hm.
646
00:41:05,360 --> 00:41:09,320
I think the Serengeti will be here
for the next 100 years, 200 years,
647
00:41:09,400 --> 00:41:11,160
because we are carrying animals.
648
00:41:11,280 --> 00:41:13,920
We don't want to see these things
die or disappear.
649
00:41:14,000 --> 00:41:16,240
They're so special. They touch us.
650
00:41:16,800 --> 00:41:20,520
Every single tourist who comes here
I think has a unique experience.
651
00:41:20,640 --> 00:41:22,640
They've never seen anything like it
before,
652
00:41:22,760 --> 00:41:25,120
they're never gonna see
anything like it ever again.
653
00:41:25,240 --> 00:41:29,000
And I think anybody who comes cannot
leave without that feeling of,
654
00:41:29,120 --> 00:41:32,560
'This is unique. We cannot ever,
ever let this system go.'
655
00:41:34,120 --> 00:41:35,040
(THUNDER ROLLS)
656
00:41:35,160 --> 00:41:37,600
As the thunder,
lightning and rain approaches,
657
00:41:37,680 --> 00:41:38,960
thank you for sharing
658
00:41:39,080 --> 00:41:41,960
what has to be the greatest
natural history show on Earth.
659
00:41:42,080 --> 00:41:45,760
It's truly remarkable. It's
absolutely an epic, epic adventure.
660
00:41:47,920 --> 00:41:51,760
'As the wildebeest set off
on another epic voyage,
661
00:41:51,880 --> 00:41:55,040
my year-long adventure
has come to an end.'
662
00:41:58,880 --> 00:42:01,280
I feel like the luckiest person
in the world.
663
00:42:01,360 --> 00:42:03,560
I mean, what a year it's been!
664
00:42:03,680 --> 00:42:08,320
I've followed this extraordinary
natural event
665
00:42:08,440 --> 00:42:12,040
that I only dreamed about
when I was a young child.
666
00:42:13,200 --> 00:42:15,760
This was a once-in-a-lifetime
experience.
667
00:42:15,880 --> 00:42:18,680
I'll never do this again,
and I'll never forget it.
668
00:42:20,200 --> 00:42:22,120
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