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Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:01,469 --> 00:00:04,305 GIORGIO A. TSOUKALOS: Right now, we are inventing 2 00:00:04,338 --> 00:00:05,806 all these different technologies, 3 00:00:05,839 --> 00:00:08,442 with which we could actually make ourselves 4 00:00:08,476 --> 00:00:10,744 superhumans with super intelligence. 5 00:00:10,778 --> 00:00:13,481 DAVID WILCOCK: The potentials are quite extreme. 6 00:00:13,514 --> 00:00:16,317 You could eventually have printable noses, 7 00:00:16,350 --> 00:00:18,319 ears, lungs, kidneys. 8 00:00:18,352 --> 00:00:21,589 KEVIN WARWICK: The big question is immortality. 9 00:00:21,622 --> 00:00:25,226 Dying, is it something we have to do? 10 00:00:25,259 --> 00:00:28,329 WILLIAM HENRY: I'm convinced that the engineers at MIT 11 00:00:28,362 --> 00:00:31,432 are looking back into the ancient examples of the gods. 12 00:00:32,633 --> 00:00:34,202 DAVID CHILDRESS: You've got to wonder, 13 00:00:34,235 --> 00:00:37,338 are extraterrestrials somehow guiding us, 14 00:00:37,371 --> 00:00:38,706 and manipulating us 15 00:00:38,739 --> 00:00:41,675 into this new future, and this new human 16 00:00:41,709 --> 00:00:44,412 that we are destined to be? 17 00:00:44,445 --> 00:00:47,381 NARRATOR: Since the dawn of civilization, 18 00:00:47,415 --> 00:00:51,619 mankind has credited its origins to gods 19 00:00:51,652 --> 00:00:53,787 and other visitors from the stars. 20 00:00:53,821 --> 00:00:57,358 What if it were true? 21 00:00:57,391 --> 00:00:59,493 Did extraterrestrial beings 22 00:00:59,527 --> 00:01:02,863 really help to shape our history? 23 00:01:02,896 --> 00:01:07,101 And if so, might their ultimate plan be revealed... 24 00:01:07,135 --> 00:01:11,239 with the rise of the Next Humans? 25 00:01:11,272 --> 00:01:14,208 * 26 00:01:43,504 --> 00:01:45,906 NARRATOR: Mountain View, California. 27 00:01:45,939 --> 00:01:49,277 August, 1962. 28 00:01:49,310 --> 00:01:52,546 At NASA's Ames Research Center, 29 00:01:52,580 --> 00:01:56,717 the newly formed Division of Biotechnology and Human Research 30 00:01:56,750 --> 00:02:00,854 begins a study on the possibility of exploring space 31 00:02:00,888 --> 00:02:04,158 with technologically-enhanced humans, 32 00:02:04,192 --> 00:02:07,161 otherwise known as cyborgs. 33 00:02:07,195 --> 00:02:10,698 Ten months later, they release a report 34 00:02:10,731 --> 00:02:15,303 called "The Cyborg Study: Engineering Man for Space." 35 00:02:15,336 --> 00:02:19,307 In it, they propose that astronauts will require 36 00:02:19,340 --> 00:02:21,709 artificial organs and pharmaceuticals 37 00:02:21,742 --> 00:02:25,446 to survive in the harshest environments of deep space... 38 00:02:26,647 --> 00:02:29,617 ...as we explore beyond our solar system. 39 00:02:32,353 --> 00:02:34,488 While the program was quickly abandoned 40 00:02:34,522 --> 00:02:37,191 due to the lack of available technology, 41 00:02:37,225 --> 00:02:41,795 it helped usher in a new era of scientific research focused 42 00:02:41,829 --> 00:02:46,667 on augmenting the human species into a new stage of evolution: 43 00:02:46,700 --> 00:02:49,203 the Transhuman. 44 00:02:51,239 --> 00:02:52,506 WARWICK: Transhumanism is the use 45 00:02:52,540 --> 00:02:55,509 of technology by humans, 46 00:02:55,543 --> 00:02:58,946 to enhance the physical, psychological, 47 00:02:58,979 --> 00:03:01,949 and most of all, intellectual capabilities. 48 00:03:04,585 --> 00:03:08,489 We transhumanists want to use science and technology 49 00:03:08,522 --> 00:03:11,359 to self-direct our evolution. 50 00:03:11,392 --> 00:03:13,394 There are lots of transhumanists now 51 00:03:13,427 --> 00:03:15,563 that don't even consider themselves transhuman-- 52 00:03:15,596 --> 00:03:17,265 for example, people who have pacemakers, 53 00:03:17,298 --> 00:03:20,901 or cochlear implants, or hip replacements. 54 00:03:20,934 --> 00:03:23,304 These are technologies that we're using, 55 00:03:23,337 --> 00:03:25,406 and that is beyond human. 56 00:03:27,308 --> 00:03:29,243 JONATHAN YOUNG: The idea of their being a transhuman 57 00:03:29,277 --> 00:03:31,912 is actually a very old notion, 58 00:03:31,945 --> 00:03:35,249 and it stems from our longing for immortality. 59 00:03:35,283 --> 00:03:38,286 so there were attempts to extend human life. 60 00:03:39,920 --> 00:03:42,390 SCOTT: Transhumanism has been thought of for a very long time, 61 00:03:42,423 --> 00:03:43,591 throughout mythology. 62 00:03:45,993 --> 00:03:48,429 From Gilgamesh's search for immortality, 63 00:03:48,462 --> 00:03:50,831 to alchemy... 64 00:03:52,966 --> 00:03:55,403 ...to the search for the fountain of life. 65 00:03:55,436 --> 00:03:59,407 Really, the quest to overcome what it means to be human, 66 00:03:59,440 --> 00:04:01,275 to see if we can live forever, 67 00:04:01,309 --> 00:04:03,411 that has been the quest for a very long time. 68 00:04:04,912 --> 00:04:07,348 If we look, things like prosthetics, 69 00:04:07,381 --> 00:04:10,284 which are adding bits of technology on, in some way, 70 00:04:10,318 --> 00:04:13,020 even the Egyptians, in mummies, 71 00:04:13,053 --> 00:04:15,556 in tombs, have been found where they've had 72 00:04:15,589 --> 00:04:17,825 a little wooden replication of a toe. 73 00:04:17,858 --> 00:04:19,293 Where somebody has lost their toe, 74 00:04:19,327 --> 00:04:21,729 and they've been given a... this false toe. 75 00:04:21,762 --> 00:04:24,365 But it shows that, thousands of years ago, 76 00:04:24,398 --> 00:04:27,000 transhumanism, in some basic form, 77 00:04:27,034 --> 00:04:28,702 was being thought of. 78 00:04:32,740 --> 00:04:34,575 NARRATOR: Although the notion of modifying 79 00:04:34,608 --> 00:04:36,076 the body with technology 80 00:04:36,109 --> 00:04:39,580 has been around for thousands of years, 81 00:04:39,613 --> 00:04:42,916 transhumanists say the 21st century 82 00:04:42,950 --> 00:04:46,520 will radically change what it means to be a human... 83 00:04:48,021 --> 00:04:50,891 ...when we begin to genetically engineer 84 00:04:50,924 --> 00:04:54,562 an entirely new generation of humans. 85 00:05:00,501 --> 00:05:03,837 April 22, 2015. 86 00:05:03,871 --> 00:05:05,873 Guangzhou, China. 87 00:05:07,875 --> 00:05:10,844 Geneticists at the Sun Yat-Sen University 88 00:05:10,878 --> 00:05:13,881 make history as the first team in the world 89 00:05:13,914 --> 00:05:16,384 to genetically modify a human embryo. 90 00:05:17,918 --> 00:05:22,623 Using a gene editing technique known as CRISPR-Cas9, 91 00:05:22,656 --> 00:05:25,359 the scientists were able to correct the gene defect 92 00:05:25,393 --> 00:05:29,763 that causes beta-thalassemia, a blood disease, 93 00:05:29,797 --> 00:05:33,066 by snipping out and replacing portions of the DNA 94 00:05:33,100 --> 00:05:35,035 in the fertilized egg. 95 00:05:39,807 --> 00:05:41,775 By using a new technology called CRISPR, 96 00:05:41,809 --> 00:05:44,378 scientists are able to actually cut into the DNA 97 00:05:44,412 --> 00:05:47,781 and replace parts of the DNA 98 00:05:47,815 --> 00:05:50,884 with genetically-modified proteins. 99 00:05:50,918 --> 00:05:54,522 This allows us to literally transform who we are. 100 00:05:56,590 --> 00:05:58,926 WARWICK: When we look at DNA changing, 101 00:05:58,959 --> 00:06:02,630 it can be used not just to overcome problems, 102 00:06:02,663 --> 00:06:06,800 but to improve your looks, maybe change the color or your hair, 103 00:06:06,834 --> 00:06:08,669 or your eyes, or perhaps 104 00:06:08,702 --> 00:06:11,104 even more importantly, change your intellectual 105 00:06:11,138 --> 00:06:13,140 or physical abilities. 106 00:06:17,578 --> 00:06:20,080 NARRATOR: Will the modification of human embryos 107 00:06:20,113 --> 00:06:21,782 soon lead to a wave 108 00:06:21,815 --> 00:06:24,852 of what futurists call "designer babies," 109 00:06:24,885 --> 00:06:27,888 children whose physical features 110 00:06:27,921 --> 00:06:29,457 and mental capabilities 111 00:06:29,490 --> 00:06:31,158 were selected by their parents. 112 00:06:32,893 --> 00:06:36,497 Many believe that not only is this a possibility, 113 00:06:36,530 --> 00:06:37,765 but that the very definition 114 00:06:37,798 --> 00:06:40,968 of a parent may soon change as well. 115 00:06:41,001 --> 00:06:43,704 The UK is on its way to becoming the first country 116 00:06:43,737 --> 00:06:45,573 to legalize the creation of babies 117 00:06:45,606 --> 00:06:47,441 from three different people. 118 00:06:47,475 --> 00:06:49,109 And a large majority of the House of Commons 119 00:06:49,142 --> 00:06:50,844 voted in favor of the controversial 120 00:06:50,878 --> 00:06:54,448 "Three Parent In Vitro Fertilization," or TPIVF. 121 00:06:54,482 --> 00:06:58,018 The British government officially declared it legal, 122 00:06:58,051 --> 00:07:01,054 so actual children have been born 123 00:07:01,088 --> 00:07:05,593 that have DNA from three different parents. 124 00:07:05,626 --> 00:07:09,096 I think it is quite possible, in the future, 125 00:07:09,129 --> 00:07:11,064 that it won't be just two 126 00:07:11,098 --> 00:07:14,034 or three parents that the child has, 127 00:07:14,067 --> 00:07:17,471 but could be any number. 128 00:07:17,505 --> 00:07:18,906 That sounds like science fiction, 129 00:07:18,939 --> 00:07:20,474 but it's actually something the Japanese scientists 130 00:07:20,508 --> 00:07:21,609 are working on right now. 131 00:07:21,642 --> 00:07:24,144 And what that would entail 132 00:07:24,177 --> 00:07:25,879 is using an artificial womb. 133 00:07:25,913 --> 00:07:26,880 (heart beating, baby fussing) 134 00:07:26,914 --> 00:07:28,081 Actually gestating the child 135 00:07:28,115 --> 00:07:29,783 within that artificial womb. 136 00:07:29,817 --> 00:07:32,486 Now, you can imagine, if we can get to this stage, 137 00:07:32,520 --> 00:07:34,522 it doesn't matter who... who the parents are. 138 00:07:34,555 --> 00:07:38,025 You could have a community of people with the best genes 139 00:07:38,058 --> 00:07:40,027 contributing to making that child. 140 00:07:40,060 --> 00:07:42,896 And that is really the future that is in front of us. 141 00:07:45,966 --> 00:07:47,501 NARRATOR: Is it possible 142 00:07:47,535 --> 00:07:49,770 we could synthetically create human beings, 143 00:07:49,803 --> 00:07:52,540 picking and choosing genetic traits 144 00:07:52,573 --> 00:07:55,509 from any number of donors? 145 00:07:55,543 --> 00:07:58,679 Could the characteristics of a person 146 00:07:58,712 --> 00:08:02,650 soon be limited only by our imaginations? 147 00:08:02,683 --> 00:08:05,953 Ancient astronaut theorists say yes, 148 00:08:05,986 --> 00:08:09,923 and suggest an even more incredible possibility: 149 00:08:09,957 --> 00:08:12,860 that we are not the first to do this. 150 00:08:20,233 --> 00:08:22,169 Luxor, Egypt. 151 00:08:22,202 --> 00:08:26,574 Here in the Deir el-Bahari mortuary temple 152 00:08:26,607 --> 00:08:29,209 lies the burial chamber of Hatshepsut, 153 00:08:29,242 --> 00:08:33,847 one of the only queens to ever become a pharaoh. 154 00:08:33,881 --> 00:08:37,951 And on the frescoed walls of this tomb is a scene 155 00:08:37,985 --> 00:08:39,987 portraying Hatshepsut's conception 156 00:08:40,020 --> 00:08:42,590 at the hands of divine beings. 157 00:08:47,127 --> 00:08:49,963 On the walls of Queen Hatshepsut's mortuary temple, 158 00:08:49,997 --> 00:08:54,201 it says... that... a long time ago... 159 00:08:55,869 --> 00:08:58,872 ...God Amon came to Hatshepsut's mother, 160 00:08:58,906 --> 00:09:00,974 Ahmose, in her sleep, 161 00:09:01,008 --> 00:09:03,310 and with the power of God Anum, 162 00:09:03,343 --> 00:09:05,646 and with the key of ankh in his hand, 163 00:09:05,679 --> 00:09:08,181 he created baby Hatshepsut. 164 00:09:11,619 --> 00:09:13,721 He uses the ankh... 165 00:09:14,888 --> 00:09:17,124 ...that key-shaped tool, 166 00:09:17,157 --> 00:09:20,594 to give life, to create a human. 167 00:09:23,030 --> 00:09:25,599 GIORGIO A. TSOUKALOS: Any device that can give life 168 00:09:25,633 --> 00:09:29,903 upon something would have to appear as magical... 169 00:09:31,338 --> 00:09:34,007 ...so you have to wonder who were these gods 170 00:09:34,041 --> 00:09:36,309 that they were talking about? 171 00:09:36,343 --> 00:09:37,745 What we have in this story 172 00:09:37,778 --> 00:09:40,714 is actually the immaculate conception of 173 00:09:40,748 --> 00:09:44,351 Hatshepsut, and it is clear that this is the story 174 00:09:44,384 --> 00:09:47,621 of an extraterrestrial intervention in the creation 175 00:09:47,655 --> 00:09:50,090 of a star child, Hatshepsut. 176 00:09:50,123 --> 00:09:53,761 So, we appear to be dealing with some sort of a technology, 177 00:09:53,794 --> 00:09:55,729 a DNA-based technology 178 00:09:55,763 --> 00:09:59,633 that can manifest human bodies or alter human DNA. 179 00:10:03,971 --> 00:10:07,240 NARRATOR: Could Hatshepsut have been genetically engineered 180 00:10:07,274 --> 00:10:09,810 by otherworldly beings? 181 00:10:11,278 --> 00:10:15,182 And is it possible that humans are just now starting 182 00:10:15,215 --> 00:10:18,418 to unlock the incredible potential hidden within us 183 00:10:18,451 --> 00:10:21,789 by our extraterrestrial creators, 184 00:10:21,822 --> 00:10:24,357 as ancient astronaut theorists propose? 185 00:10:26,894 --> 00:10:30,798 Perhaps further clues can be found in our own attempts, 186 00:10:30,831 --> 00:10:34,802 not in creating life, but in reversing death. 187 00:10:43,443 --> 00:10:45,713 NARRATOR: State College, Pennsylvania. 188 00:10:45,746 --> 00:10:49,783 October 15, 2015. 189 00:10:49,817 --> 00:10:53,353 Dr. Gong Chen and a team of biologists 190 00:10:53,386 --> 00:10:55,288 from the Life Sciences Department 191 00:10:55,322 --> 00:10:57,224 at Penn State University 192 00:10:57,257 --> 00:11:01,194 reveal research on a cocktail of specialized drugs 193 00:11:01,228 --> 00:11:04,965 designed to convert non-neuronal cells in the brain, 194 00:11:04,998 --> 00:11:08,001 called glial cells, into neurons. 195 00:11:11,238 --> 00:11:14,942 90% of our brain is made up of what's called glial cells. 196 00:11:16,443 --> 00:11:18,846 These cells are just a support mechanism 197 00:11:18,879 --> 00:11:20,848 for the neurons themselves. 198 00:11:20,881 --> 00:11:24,051 WARWICK: What we can do at the moment 199 00:11:24,084 --> 00:11:28,055 is to take glial cells from the brain 200 00:11:28,088 --> 00:11:30,290 and to use different chemicals, essentially, 201 00:11:30,323 --> 00:11:33,093 to alter the functioning of the glial cells. 202 00:11:33,126 --> 00:11:35,462 Chemicals will cause them 203 00:11:35,495 --> 00:11:39,432 to become fresh neurons. 204 00:11:39,466 --> 00:11:42,202 Gong Chen's belief for this research is that 205 00:11:42,235 --> 00:11:44,437 things like severe brain trauma, 206 00:11:44,471 --> 00:11:48,075 Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's could actually 207 00:11:48,108 --> 00:11:51,278 be effectively transformed and healed. 208 00:11:55,783 --> 00:11:57,818 NARRATOR: Could degenerative brain disorders 209 00:11:57,851 --> 00:11:59,953 like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's 210 00:11:59,987 --> 00:12:03,390 be cured by a simple chemical injection? 211 00:12:05,125 --> 00:12:08,295 And if so, could we eventually rid the brain 212 00:12:08,328 --> 00:12:10,998 of neurological diseases entirely? 213 00:12:13,000 --> 00:12:16,236 Transhumanists believe the therapeutic uses 214 00:12:16,269 --> 00:12:18,105 for this incredible discovery 215 00:12:18,138 --> 00:12:21,041 are only a small part of the bigger picture. 216 00:12:24,277 --> 00:12:27,848 In the future, we could see using that technology 217 00:12:27,881 --> 00:12:31,418 to increase our intelligence to a, to a superhuman state. 218 00:12:31,451 --> 00:12:36,023 Now imagine, because the brain is only ten percent neurons, 219 00:12:36,056 --> 00:12:37,457 imagine if we could 220 00:12:37,490 --> 00:12:41,528 increase the brain's capacity to 35%. 221 00:12:41,561 --> 00:12:44,131 That could change everything. 222 00:12:44,164 --> 00:12:47,200 I mean, we could become a super intelligent species. 223 00:12:49,002 --> 00:12:52,906 Could you, in fact, advance the human IQ, 224 00:12:52,940 --> 00:12:54,875 perhaps to such a degree 225 00:12:54,908 --> 00:12:57,144 that you might have people walking around now 226 00:12:57,177 --> 00:13:00,380 with a 1,000 IQ? 227 00:13:00,413 --> 00:13:02,015 GEORGE NOORY: We've seen what has happened 228 00:13:02,049 --> 00:13:06,086 with HGH, or steroids pumped into athletes. 229 00:13:06,119 --> 00:13:09,289 What would happen if you developed a serum 230 00:13:09,322 --> 00:13:11,859 that could augment the brain? 231 00:13:11,892 --> 00:13:13,793 I think we're gonna be able to do that. 232 00:13:18,298 --> 00:13:20,300 NARRATOR: Could Dr. Chen's research 233 00:13:20,333 --> 00:13:24,571 lead us to an exponential increase of the human intellect? 234 00:13:24,604 --> 00:13:28,308 And if so, will we seem like primates 235 00:13:28,341 --> 00:13:30,577 to the people of tomorrow? 236 00:13:30,610 --> 00:13:36,283 Transhumanists suggest that if we can create new brain cells, 237 00:13:36,316 --> 00:13:39,586 we could potentially reproduce all of the body's cells, 238 00:13:39,619 --> 00:13:42,355 which would have profound implications. 239 00:13:45,658 --> 00:13:48,361 WARWICK: The big question is immortality. 240 00:13:48,395 --> 00:13:52,199 Dying, is it something we have to do? 241 00:13:52,232 --> 00:13:56,937 Cells die away, but if we can start replacing the cells, 242 00:13:56,970 --> 00:14:00,207 and if we can replace brain cells 243 00:14:00,240 --> 00:14:02,409 and keep the functioning of the brain going, 244 00:14:02,442 --> 00:14:04,377 then it does, potentially, 245 00:14:04,411 --> 00:14:09,349 really extend life, in theory, forever. 246 00:14:09,382 --> 00:14:11,084 Some people, like Ray Kurzweil, 247 00:14:11,118 --> 00:14:14,554 have suggested by 2045 we'll be able to do that. 248 00:14:16,623 --> 00:14:18,258 NARRATOR: Ray Kurzweil 249 00:14:18,291 --> 00:14:20,560 is Google's Director of Engineering, 250 00:14:20,593 --> 00:14:24,631 a transhumanist, prolific author and inventor. 251 00:14:24,664 --> 00:14:27,634 He believes, in the near future, 252 00:14:27,667 --> 00:14:31,371 humans will be able to extend their lives indefinitely. 253 00:14:32,605 --> 00:14:35,242 To reach that point, he maintains 254 00:14:35,275 --> 00:14:37,677 a daily diet of over 100 255 00:14:37,710 --> 00:14:40,113 different body and mind enhancing pills, 256 00:14:40,147 --> 00:14:43,283 called nootropics. 257 00:14:43,316 --> 00:14:46,686 Nootropics are essentially drugs of one kind or another, 258 00:14:46,719 --> 00:14:50,257 chemicals if you like, that can change the way 259 00:14:50,290 --> 00:14:52,092 most of the body functions, 260 00:14:52,125 --> 00:14:54,394 but particularly how the brain functions. 261 00:14:56,563 --> 00:14:58,031 SCOTT: Choline, for example, 262 00:14:58,065 --> 00:15:01,134 helps with memory, and so, people are using 263 00:15:01,168 --> 00:15:03,270 these nootropics to enhance their memory, 264 00:15:03,303 --> 00:15:07,640 to have better recall, to have better focus. 265 00:15:07,674 --> 00:15:09,442 You're starting to see nootropics pop up everywhere, 266 00:15:09,476 --> 00:15:11,411 especially in Silicon Valley. 267 00:15:11,444 --> 00:15:13,246 In the future, the idea 268 00:15:13,280 --> 00:15:16,283 of enhancing the cognitive ability in the human being 269 00:15:16,316 --> 00:15:18,185 is going to be sort of commonplace. 270 00:15:21,588 --> 00:15:23,590 NARRATOR: Kurzweil and others predict 271 00:15:23,623 --> 00:15:28,095 nootropics will become a new multi-billion dollar industry 272 00:15:28,128 --> 00:15:31,598 as people turn to supplements to enhance their bodies 273 00:15:31,631 --> 00:15:33,700 and prolong their lives. 274 00:15:33,733 --> 00:15:37,204 But ancient astronaut theorists believe that, 275 00:15:37,237 --> 00:15:39,306 like genetic manipulation, 276 00:15:39,339 --> 00:15:44,577 evidence of nootropic use can be found thousands of years ago. 277 00:15:44,611 --> 00:15:47,714 Dating back to the fifth century BC, 278 00:15:47,747 --> 00:15:51,451 the Hindu Sanskrit epic known as The Mahabharata, 279 00:15:51,484 --> 00:15:54,654 tells the story of Samudra Manthana, 280 00:15:54,687 --> 00:15:57,690 a celestial battle between the gods 281 00:15:57,724 --> 00:16:01,694 for a rare substance that grants immortality. 282 00:16:04,764 --> 00:16:10,703 The "Samudra Manthana" means the "churning of the ocean." 283 00:16:10,737 --> 00:16:14,474 And in this case, the ocean is visualized 284 00:16:14,507 --> 00:16:16,609 as a cosmic sea of milk. 285 00:16:16,643 --> 00:16:20,413 It is, in essence, the Milky Way itself. 286 00:16:20,447 --> 00:16:24,517 There were two primary forces at odds in the universe. 287 00:16:24,551 --> 00:16:26,619 There were the Asuras... 288 00:16:26,653 --> 00:16:28,088 and they were at odds 289 00:16:28,121 --> 00:16:32,025 with a new order of gods-- the Devas. 290 00:16:34,327 --> 00:16:37,164 The gods went to Lord Vishnu and Vishnu said, 291 00:16:37,197 --> 00:16:40,100 why don't you try to cooperate with them? 292 00:16:40,133 --> 00:16:43,103 At the very depths of the ocean, 293 00:16:43,136 --> 00:16:46,173 there is a substance called Amrita, 294 00:16:46,206 --> 00:16:48,508 a divine nectar of immortality. 295 00:16:48,541 --> 00:16:50,643 Churn the cosmic ocean of milk, 296 00:16:50,677 --> 00:16:53,813 and it will yield forth the nectar of immortality, 297 00:16:53,846 --> 00:16:55,782 and you can share it. 298 00:16:55,815 --> 00:16:59,252 YOUNG: The gods and the demons start churning, 299 00:16:59,286 --> 00:17:01,521 in the heavens, the Milky Way, 300 00:17:01,554 --> 00:17:05,525 and what is produced by this is an elixir, 301 00:17:05,558 --> 00:17:07,794 an elixir that can grant immortality. 302 00:17:07,827 --> 00:17:10,530 Well, there was a terrible war now, 303 00:17:10,563 --> 00:17:13,433 because everyone wanted this. 304 00:17:13,466 --> 00:17:16,403 CHILDRESS: In order to win the battle for the gods, 305 00:17:16,436 --> 00:17:19,172 they decide they need this amrita, 306 00:17:19,206 --> 00:17:21,374 this elixir of life. 307 00:17:21,408 --> 00:17:25,678 So you have to wonder if this story isn't about some kind of 308 00:17:25,712 --> 00:17:28,181 extraterrestrial war in heaven, 309 00:17:28,215 --> 00:17:32,752 where aliens are fighting over nootropics. 310 00:17:37,890 --> 00:17:40,560 NARRATOR: Could the story of the Samudra Manthana 311 00:17:40,593 --> 00:17:43,796 be an ancient account of a celestial battle 312 00:17:43,830 --> 00:17:45,798 over a highly advanced nootropic? 313 00:17:47,467 --> 00:17:50,803 Ancient astronaut theorists say yes, 314 00:17:50,837 --> 00:17:53,873 and point to legends of immortality elixirs 315 00:17:53,906 --> 00:17:58,778 throughout antiquity. 316 00:17:58,811 --> 00:18:01,581 The ancients had many stories of immortality-- 317 00:18:01,614 --> 00:18:03,483 that it was touchable or reachable. 318 00:18:04,817 --> 00:18:08,888 The Chinese had the peaches of immortality. 319 00:18:08,921 --> 00:18:12,225 The Greeks had ambrosia. 320 00:18:12,259 --> 00:18:16,229 The Mesopotamians had the idea of "soma." 321 00:18:16,263 --> 00:18:20,500 In the Biblical tradition, there is the tree of life. 322 00:18:20,533 --> 00:18:24,704 There is something that you can ingest and gain immortality. 323 00:18:26,406 --> 00:18:27,740 CHILDRESS: This quest has been going on 324 00:18:27,774 --> 00:18:29,342 for thousands of years, 325 00:18:29,376 --> 00:18:32,879 around the world, by many different cultures. 326 00:18:32,912 --> 00:18:36,483 This quest for these smart drugs, 327 00:18:36,516 --> 00:18:40,387 that will enhance our lifestyle and our mental clarity. 328 00:18:40,420 --> 00:18:42,355 So you have to wonder, 329 00:18:42,389 --> 00:18:46,259 was this nootropic drug 330 00:18:46,293 --> 00:18:49,362 some kind of extraterrestrial elixir 331 00:18:49,396 --> 00:18:51,298 that was well-known in ancient times? 332 00:18:55,702 --> 00:18:57,370 NARRATOR: Could ancient accounts 333 00:18:57,404 --> 00:19:00,907 of elixirs of immortality really be descriptions 334 00:19:00,940 --> 00:19:04,511 of extraterrestrial nootropics? 335 00:19:04,544 --> 00:19:07,280 And might it soon be possible 336 00:19:07,314 --> 00:19:09,782 to unlock our full human potential 337 00:19:09,816 --> 00:19:12,719 simply with the right potion or pill, 338 00:19:12,752 --> 00:19:15,788 perhaps fulfilling a destiny 339 00:19:15,822 --> 00:19:18,858 to become like our alien ancestors? 340 00:19:18,891 --> 00:19:22,795 Ancient astronaut theorists say yes, 341 00:19:22,829 --> 00:19:25,532 and suggest molecular chemistry 342 00:19:25,565 --> 00:19:28,668 is only the beginning of the human upgrade. 343 00:19:37,944 --> 00:19:41,681 NARRATOR: November 17, 2015. 344 00:19:44,584 --> 00:19:46,386 A team of researchers 345 00:19:46,419 --> 00:19:49,922 from North Carolina State University, and Rice University, 346 00:19:49,956 --> 00:19:52,792 unveil the first motor-driven, 347 00:19:52,825 --> 00:19:55,328 submersible nanomachines ever created. 348 00:19:58,731 --> 00:20:03,670 Molecular nano-technology is the idea 349 00:20:03,703 --> 00:20:06,939 of building devices, machines, 350 00:20:06,973 --> 00:20:09,309 at a molecular scale. 351 00:20:09,342 --> 00:20:13,980 "Nano" refers to a billionth of a meter, 352 00:20:14,013 --> 00:20:15,615 so, very, very small. 353 00:20:15,648 --> 00:20:17,617 We're getting down to atomic scale. 354 00:20:20,453 --> 00:20:23,956 NARRATOR: Measuring only 244 atoms across, 355 00:20:23,990 --> 00:20:26,726 these miniature robots are designed 356 00:20:26,759 --> 00:20:28,461 to deliver specialized medicines 357 00:20:28,495 --> 00:20:31,498 throughout the body, using the bloodstream. 358 00:20:31,531 --> 00:20:36,002 Scientists have created biobots that are the first of its kind. 359 00:20:36,035 --> 00:20:39,572 These tiny little bio hybrids and bots are capable 360 00:20:39,606 --> 00:20:42,475 of tying to viscous material through our bodies. 361 00:20:42,509 --> 00:20:44,477 SCOTT: They take submersible nanomachines 362 00:20:44,511 --> 00:20:46,313 that can be controlled with UV light, 363 00:20:46,346 --> 00:20:49,316 and using the UV light, they can control 364 00:20:49,349 --> 00:20:51,684 where these nanomachines take nutrients 365 00:20:51,718 --> 00:20:54,020 and take medicines into the body. 366 00:20:55,522 --> 00:20:56,856 WARWICK: As long as we have a way 367 00:20:56,889 --> 00:20:59,326 of controlling them from the outside, 368 00:20:59,359 --> 00:21:01,628 they can move around very, very quickly, 369 00:21:01,661 --> 00:21:04,431 perform a function-- i-if we're looking 370 00:21:04,464 --> 00:21:06,333 at operating on a cancer, 371 00:21:06,366 --> 00:21:08,335 then, potentially, they could do 372 00:21:08,368 --> 00:21:10,903 that operation for you, from within. 373 00:21:15,808 --> 00:21:19,379 WILCOCK: This could lead to huge advances 374 00:21:19,412 --> 00:21:22,615 in medicine, in healing, 375 00:21:22,649 --> 00:21:26,018 leading to nanomachines that could actually 376 00:21:26,052 --> 00:21:27,620 heal the wounds in our bodies, 377 00:21:27,654 --> 00:21:30,923 close things up much faster, 378 00:21:30,957 --> 00:21:34,327 repair damaged tissue, extend our lifespan, 379 00:21:34,361 --> 00:21:39,732 and literally bring us into a new level of human evolution. 380 00:21:43,536 --> 00:21:45,372 NARRATOR: Transhumanists believe 381 00:21:45,405 --> 00:21:47,006 our bodies will soon be home 382 00:21:47,039 --> 00:21:50,042 to swarms of nanomachines, 383 00:21:50,076 --> 00:21:53,480 that will both heal, and also warn of disease. 384 00:21:55,915 --> 00:21:57,116 And some propose 385 00:21:57,149 --> 00:22:00,520 this technology is advancing so rapidly 386 00:22:00,553 --> 00:22:01,788 that it will not just be 387 00:22:01,821 --> 00:22:04,090 future generations that will live tens 388 00:22:04,123 --> 00:22:07,059 or even hundreds of years longer, 389 00:22:07,093 --> 00:22:10,062 but people who are alive today. 390 00:22:10,096 --> 00:22:14,867 STOCK: The possibility of reversing human aging, 391 00:22:14,901 --> 00:22:17,770 as opposed to just slowing it down, 392 00:22:17,804 --> 00:22:19,839 is not a very big stretch. 393 00:22:19,872 --> 00:22:24,577 So if you understand aging and the fundamentals 394 00:22:24,611 --> 00:22:27,947 of the processes that are leading to it, 395 00:22:27,980 --> 00:22:30,683 it would be quite possible, both to slow it, 396 00:22:30,717 --> 00:22:34,387 and it would also be possible to reverse it. 397 00:22:38,858 --> 00:22:40,760 SCOTT: An example of this is a study 398 00:22:40,793 --> 00:22:42,094 that has gone on at Harvard, 399 00:22:42,128 --> 00:22:45,432 by reversing the muscle tissue in mice. 400 00:22:47,467 --> 00:22:50,903 We have actually reversed the age in these mice. 401 00:22:52,672 --> 00:22:53,873 And so, if we can do that 402 00:22:53,906 --> 00:22:56,576 in the laboratory setting, 403 00:22:56,609 --> 00:22:58,077 it's only a matter of time 404 00:22:58,110 --> 00:23:01,113 before we're able to reverse our own aging process. 405 00:23:03,483 --> 00:23:05,718 NARRATOR: Could millions of microscopic robots 406 00:23:05,752 --> 00:23:08,855 soon be swimming in our bloodstreams, 407 00:23:08,888 --> 00:23:10,923 augmenting our immune system, 408 00:23:10,957 --> 00:23:14,427 and even reversing the aging process entirely, 409 00:23:14,461 --> 00:23:16,496 as transhumanists believe? 410 00:23:18,197 --> 00:23:20,600 Ancient astronaut theorists suggest 411 00:23:20,633 --> 00:23:23,870 that if such a transformation does occur, 412 00:23:23,903 --> 00:23:26,473 it may be a sign that we're evolving 413 00:23:26,506 --> 00:23:29,476 to become more like our alien ancestors. 414 00:23:35,247 --> 00:23:39,085 As evidence, they point to the Sumerian King List, 415 00:23:39,118 --> 00:23:41,187 a series of stone tablets 416 00:23:41,220 --> 00:23:44,791 that are believed to be over 4,000 years old, 417 00:23:44,824 --> 00:23:46,526 and record the reigns 418 00:23:46,559 --> 00:23:48,761 of ancient Mesopotamian kings 419 00:23:48,795 --> 00:23:52,599 that ruled for upwards of 43,000 years. 420 00:23:55,201 --> 00:23:56,636 HENRY: The Sumerian Kings List 421 00:23:56,669 --> 00:23:59,806 was handed down to humanity by the gods. 422 00:23:59,839 --> 00:24:02,642 What's extraordinary is that the reigns of these kings 423 00:24:02,675 --> 00:24:04,811 last into the thousands of years. 424 00:24:04,844 --> 00:24:06,646 These people weren't making allegorical 425 00:24:06,679 --> 00:24:08,014 or metaphorical statements, 426 00:24:08,047 --> 00:24:10,583 these were accurate historical records. 427 00:24:12,552 --> 00:24:13,853 CHILDRESS: Ancient texts, 428 00:24:13,886 --> 00:24:16,556 including the Bible and the Sumerian texts, 429 00:24:16,589 --> 00:24:18,725 talk about ancient kings 430 00:24:18,758 --> 00:24:22,829 and other people living incredibly long life spans. 431 00:24:22,862 --> 00:24:27,934 Methuselah, who was supposedly the father of Noah, 432 00:24:27,967 --> 00:24:30,837 was said to have lived for 969 years. 433 00:24:33,806 --> 00:24:35,542 JASON MARTELL: When we look into the past, 434 00:24:35,575 --> 00:24:37,209 there's a clear record of people who have lived 435 00:24:37,243 --> 00:24:40,947 a much longer life span than what we have today. 436 00:24:40,980 --> 00:24:43,149 We have to wonder if these beings weren't given 437 00:24:43,182 --> 00:24:45,952 or had access to some type of nanotechnology. 438 00:24:47,720 --> 00:24:49,188 And it fuels the idea and understanding, 439 00:24:49,221 --> 00:24:52,692 and our drive today, to be like the gods. 440 00:24:55,595 --> 00:24:57,964 CHILDRESS: And this important nanotechnology 441 00:24:57,997 --> 00:25:01,033 is something that extraterrestrials 442 00:25:01,067 --> 00:25:05,071 and other advanced civilizations would already have. 443 00:25:06,806 --> 00:25:08,240 And it would only make sense that, 444 00:25:08,274 --> 00:25:11,844 if extraterrestrials are coming to our planet, 445 00:25:11,878 --> 00:25:15,014 they would have brought this nanotechnology with them. 446 00:25:19,185 --> 00:25:20,853 NARRATOR: Might our research 447 00:25:20,887 --> 00:25:24,991 into nanotechnology, nootropics and genetic engineering 448 00:25:25,024 --> 00:25:28,895 ascend us to the level of extraterrestrials 449 00:25:28,928 --> 00:25:32,164 that came to Earth thousands of years ago, 450 00:25:32,198 --> 00:25:35,568 as ancient astronaut theorists suggest? 451 00:25:37,904 --> 00:25:40,306 Perhaps further clues can be found 452 00:25:40,339 --> 00:25:43,876 by examining the technology that is being developed 453 00:25:43,910 --> 00:25:47,146 to upgrade not just our blood, 454 00:25:47,179 --> 00:25:50,082 but even our flesh. 455 00:25:56,756 --> 00:25:58,591 NARRATOR: New York City. 456 00:25:58,625 --> 00:26:02,829 May 4, 2015. 457 00:26:02,862 --> 00:26:06,098 At TechCrunch Disrupt New York, 458 00:26:06,132 --> 00:26:08,968 an annual new technologies conference, 459 00:26:09,001 --> 00:26:11,671 U.S. biotech startup BioBots 460 00:26:11,704 --> 00:26:15,775 launches a desktop 3D printer for biomaterials... 461 00:26:17,343 --> 00:26:21,080 ...which they use to print a replica of Van Gogh's ear. 462 00:26:23,149 --> 00:26:25,184 Instead of plastic, 463 00:26:25,217 --> 00:26:27,987 special ink is combined with biomaterials-- 464 00:26:28,020 --> 00:26:30,990 like collagen and cultured cells-- 465 00:26:31,023 --> 00:26:34,326 to build living tissue and human organs. 466 00:26:38,164 --> 00:26:40,633 So, right now, we're just at the beginning 467 00:26:40,667 --> 00:26:42,835 of understanding how to 3D-print organs. 468 00:26:45,037 --> 00:26:46,906 It's a process called "biofabrication." 469 00:26:46,939 --> 00:26:50,877 So BioBots has created a biofabrication 3D printer 470 00:26:50,910 --> 00:26:54,747 that can print artificial tissue and small organs. 471 00:26:55,948 --> 00:26:58,184 In the future, what we're going to see 472 00:26:58,217 --> 00:26:59,819 are 3D printers that are 473 00:26:59,852 --> 00:27:03,155 bio-fabricating our bodies and our organs. 474 00:27:05,892 --> 00:27:08,360 WILCOCK: You could eventually have 475 00:27:08,394 --> 00:27:10,930 printable noses, lungs, 476 00:27:10,963 --> 00:27:13,933 ears, kidneys... 477 00:27:13,966 --> 00:27:16,769 and, in certain ways, 478 00:27:16,803 --> 00:27:18,838 this technology is so extreme 479 00:27:18,871 --> 00:27:20,773 that it could make it democratic. 480 00:27:20,807 --> 00:27:22,675 It could make it inexpensive. 481 00:27:22,709 --> 00:27:26,846 So in the hands of skilled, trained medical professionals, 482 00:27:26,879 --> 00:27:28,314 it could be possible in the future 483 00:27:28,347 --> 00:27:32,251 to 3D print organs for people 484 00:27:32,284 --> 00:27:34,787 out of their own genetic material. 485 00:27:40,492 --> 00:27:42,695 NARRATOR: Transhumanists believe 486 00:27:42,729 --> 00:27:46,165 we may soon transcend our biological limitations, 487 00:27:46,198 --> 00:27:50,336 as we embed machines directly into our own bodies. 488 00:27:52,805 --> 00:27:56,342 DARPA, the agency of the U.S. Department of Defense 489 00:27:56,375 --> 00:27:59,445 responsible for the development of emerging technologies 490 00:27:59,478 --> 00:28:01,714 for use by the military... 491 00:28:01,748 --> 00:28:06,352 is currently designing neural implants that will improve 492 00:28:06,385 --> 00:28:11,257 cognitive speed and memory retention in soldiers. 493 00:28:11,290 --> 00:28:13,726 And in 2014, 494 00:28:13,760 --> 00:28:18,030 scientists at Seoul National University in South Korea 495 00:28:18,064 --> 00:28:21,834 unveiled research on synthetic "smart skin"-- 496 00:28:21,868 --> 00:28:24,737 lifelike ultra-thin crystalline silicon 497 00:28:24,771 --> 00:28:27,740 designed to cover prosthetic limbs, 498 00:28:27,774 --> 00:28:31,343 giving the user all of the sensations of a natural limb. 499 00:28:34,413 --> 00:28:37,850 They have now developed a-a skin 500 00:28:37,884 --> 00:28:41,020 which has touch senses embedded in it 501 00:28:41,053 --> 00:28:43,255 with a very fine matrix, 502 00:28:43,289 --> 00:28:47,393 which can be put around a prosthetic. 503 00:28:47,426 --> 00:28:50,763 So you can actually feel 504 00:28:50,797 --> 00:28:52,264 what that arm is feeling 505 00:28:52,298 --> 00:28:54,033 or you can touch the floor, 506 00:28:54,066 --> 00:28:58,137 feel whether it's hot or cold, or applying pressure. 507 00:28:58,170 --> 00:28:59,405 SCOTT: Future artificial limbs 508 00:28:59,438 --> 00:29:01,407 will look just like our skin, 509 00:29:01,440 --> 00:29:03,175 look just like our hands and our legs. 510 00:29:03,209 --> 00:29:05,077 It's going to affect the entire world. 511 00:29:05,111 --> 00:29:06,412 We're going to see people 512 00:29:06,445 --> 00:29:08,881 using smart prosthetics 513 00:29:08,915 --> 00:29:10,482 that are added to the body, 514 00:29:10,516 --> 00:29:14,286 that can be controlled directly through the brain. 515 00:29:14,320 --> 00:29:18,424 And that really is the future of prosthetics. 516 00:29:18,457 --> 00:29:22,028 WARWICK: I can speak from experience, 517 00:29:22,061 --> 00:29:23,830 because I've had one myself-- 518 00:29:23,863 --> 00:29:27,299 our implants that link either into the brain 519 00:29:27,333 --> 00:29:30,169 or into the human nervous system-- 520 00:29:30,202 --> 00:29:32,071 and what I had was 521 00:29:32,104 --> 00:29:36,042 100 small electrodes... 522 00:29:36,075 --> 00:29:38,310 fired into my nervous system 523 00:29:38,344 --> 00:29:41,213 to link my nervous system with a computer. 524 00:29:41,247 --> 00:29:45,051 It was a bit like plugging a plug into an electric socket, 525 00:29:45,084 --> 00:29:48,154 but the socket was my nervous system. 526 00:29:48,187 --> 00:29:51,057 I went to Columbia University in New York, 527 00:29:51,090 --> 00:29:53,459 we plugged my nervous system into the Internet, 528 00:29:53,492 --> 00:29:58,064 and I controlled a robot hand from my brain signals. 529 00:29:58,097 --> 00:30:00,066 You can extend your nervous system 530 00:30:00,099 --> 00:30:02,101 by simply plugging into it. 531 00:30:04,470 --> 00:30:07,206 SCOTT: If we can use just the power of our thought 532 00:30:07,239 --> 00:30:10,943 to control artificial limbs... 533 00:30:10,977 --> 00:30:12,879 we can eventually, one day, 534 00:30:12,912 --> 00:30:16,849 use the power of our thoughts to control avatar robots. 535 00:30:16,883 --> 00:30:20,119 (whirring) 536 00:30:20,152 --> 00:30:22,521 I think we're going to see that kind of technology 537 00:30:22,554 --> 00:30:25,224 used to control avatars on the Moon; 538 00:30:25,257 --> 00:30:27,526 we're going to see that kind of technology to control 539 00:30:27,559 --> 00:30:30,129 robotic humanoid avatars on Mars. 540 00:30:34,533 --> 00:30:37,503 NARRATOR: Could we one day venture into the cosmos, 541 00:30:37,536 --> 00:30:39,505 not with our bodies, 542 00:30:39,538 --> 00:30:44,210 but by wirelessly controlling robotic avatars? 543 00:30:44,243 --> 00:30:48,647 And is it possible that extraterrestrials 544 00:30:48,680 --> 00:30:50,983 have utilized these same technologies 545 00:30:51,017 --> 00:30:53,920 to explore Earth in the distant past? 546 00:30:56,688 --> 00:30:59,892 Ancient astronaut theorists say yes, 547 00:30:59,926 --> 00:31:03,996 and point to technologies currently in development at MIT 548 00:31:04,030 --> 00:31:07,133 that strongly resemble those in ancient accounts 549 00:31:07,166 --> 00:31:10,169 of gods who descended from the sky. 550 00:31:12,571 --> 00:31:15,407 At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's 551 00:31:15,441 --> 00:31:17,676 Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, 552 00:31:17,709 --> 00:31:21,513 they are developing a new smart skin for our soldiers 553 00:31:21,547 --> 00:31:24,683 that would make them resistant to ballistic attack 554 00:31:24,716 --> 00:31:28,487 or chemical attack and also would instantly self-repair. 555 00:31:30,089 --> 00:31:32,224 This is absolutely extraordinary, 556 00:31:32,258 --> 00:31:35,027 because in the ancient texts, we learn of the gods 557 00:31:35,061 --> 00:31:38,164 who wore a similar skin that seemed to make them impervious 558 00:31:38,197 --> 00:31:40,299 to any kind of human weaponry. 559 00:31:40,332 --> 00:31:42,334 They couldn't die. 560 00:31:44,570 --> 00:31:46,205 Now when I hear stories 561 00:31:46,238 --> 00:31:49,308 of semi-divine beings, such as Hercules, 562 00:31:49,341 --> 00:31:54,213 with his impenetrable lion skin, 563 00:31:54,246 --> 00:31:56,949 or in the Sanskrit Mahabharata, 564 00:31:56,983 --> 00:32:01,087 the story of Karna and his impenetrable armor, 565 00:32:01,120 --> 00:32:03,089 I have to ask the question 566 00:32:03,122 --> 00:32:06,492 whether or not these were all misunderstood technologies. 567 00:32:10,262 --> 00:32:12,598 NARRATOR: Could the self-repairing skin 568 00:32:12,631 --> 00:32:14,633 being developed at MIT 569 00:32:14,666 --> 00:32:16,435 be the same technology 570 00:32:16,468 --> 00:32:18,737 our ancestors wrote about 571 00:32:18,770 --> 00:32:22,141 when they described divine beings that were invincible? 572 00:32:23,709 --> 00:32:26,745 And are we on the verge of this incredible biological 573 00:32:26,778 --> 00:32:30,282 and evolutionary leap ourselves? 574 00:32:30,316 --> 00:32:33,219 Some believe that mankind's next step 575 00:32:33,252 --> 00:32:36,022 is not in augmenting our bodies with machines, 576 00:32:36,055 --> 00:32:39,958 but in becoming the machines ourselves. 577 00:32:45,497 --> 00:32:47,599 NARRATOR: Geneva, Switzerland. 578 00:32:47,633 --> 00:32:51,737 2013. 579 00:32:51,770 --> 00:32:56,208 Henry Markram founds the Human Brain Project-- 580 00:32:56,242 --> 00:32:59,678 a ten-year scientific venture funded by the EU, 581 00:32:59,711 --> 00:33:02,748 involving hundreds of researchers 582 00:33:02,781 --> 00:33:07,419 from 135 institutions in 26 countries. 583 00:33:07,453 --> 00:33:11,490 The goal of this project is to create a fully simulated model 584 00:33:11,523 --> 00:33:15,627 of the human brain inside a computer. 585 00:33:17,363 --> 00:33:20,166 A lot of people are really excited about the idea of: 586 00:33:20,199 --> 00:33:22,268 if we could map out the structure 587 00:33:22,301 --> 00:33:23,669 of the human brain, 588 00:33:23,702 --> 00:33:26,105 neuron for neuron, and every connection, 589 00:33:26,138 --> 00:33:28,507 then we can download every connection 590 00:33:28,540 --> 00:33:29,775 that we have in our brain, 591 00:33:29,808 --> 00:33:33,479 all that information, onto a computer. 592 00:33:36,715 --> 00:33:39,551 NARRATOR: The Human Brain Project is only 593 00:33:39,585 --> 00:33:42,388 one of a number of brain-mapping ventures. 594 00:33:42,421 --> 00:33:45,557 The next great American project, and that's what we're calling 595 00:33:45,591 --> 00:33:47,193 the BRAIN Initiative. 596 00:33:47,226 --> 00:33:50,662 NARRATOR: In 2013, President Barack Obama 597 00:33:50,696 --> 00:33:53,665 unveiled a $4.5 billion project 598 00:33:53,699 --> 00:33:56,302 called the BRAIN Initiative. 599 00:33:58,670 --> 00:34:00,672 And Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen 600 00:34:00,706 --> 00:34:04,243 has invested over $500 million 601 00:34:04,276 --> 00:34:07,813 in the Allen Institute for Brain Science. 602 00:34:07,846 --> 00:34:10,416 Futurists speculate that if 603 00:34:10,449 --> 00:34:12,251 these initiatives are successful, 604 00:34:12,284 --> 00:34:15,321 the implications could be profound. 605 00:34:20,526 --> 00:34:22,494 SCOTT: Imagine having every piece 606 00:34:22,528 --> 00:34:25,264 of knowledge that every human has ever collected. 607 00:34:27,533 --> 00:34:29,301 And if you crunch that down 608 00:34:29,335 --> 00:34:31,837 into a digital consciousness... 609 00:34:31,870 --> 00:34:35,241 that's going to unlock everything. 610 00:34:41,480 --> 00:34:43,449 We can know things about the world 611 00:34:43,482 --> 00:34:45,184 and about life 612 00:34:45,217 --> 00:34:48,554 that no individuals have ever previously known, 613 00:34:48,587 --> 00:34:53,325 because they're all from the aggregation 614 00:34:53,359 --> 00:34:56,428 of all of human knowledge that's going together. 615 00:34:56,462 --> 00:34:58,864 So these are the kinds of powers that would have been 616 00:34:58,897 --> 00:35:02,601 viewed as god-like in previous eras. 617 00:35:07,639 --> 00:35:09,208 NARRATOR: Could we be on the verge 618 00:35:09,241 --> 00:35:12,244 of creating a superhuman intelligence, 619 00:35:12,278 --> 00:35:15,314 able to outperform a human at any task? 620 00:35:16,682 --> 00:35:18,517 And if so, 621 00:35:18,550 --> 00:35:22,188 are we at risk of being replaced by machines entirely? 622 00:35:24,390 --> 00:35:26,225 Transhumanists believe 623 00:35:26,258 --> 00:35:29,495 what lies ahead could actually be a merging 624 00:35:29,528 --> 00:35:31,797 of man and machine. 625 00:35:37,203 --> 00:35:40,506 WARWICK: If we can map the human brain into technology, 626 00:35:40,539 --> 00:35:43,542 then I could take your brain 627 00:35:43,575 --> 00:35:46,312 or somebody else's brain 628 00:35:46,345 --> 00:35:49,915 and copy it into a computer. 629 00:35:49,948 --> 00:35:54,553 A technological one that could potentially live forever. 630 00:35:57,623 --> 00:36:00,426 WILCOCK: What happens if we gain the ability 631 00:36:00,459 --> 00:36:03,795 to upload our consciousness into some sort 632 00:36:03,829 --> 00:36:07,666 of cloud virtual Internet technology? 633 00:36:09,468 --> 00:36:14,440 It's not that far from the spectrum of a realizable goal, 634 00:36:14,473 --> 00:36:18,410 because we're already seeing neurological implants 635 00:36:18,444 --> 00:36:21,313 that can be put into the brain, that can be used 636 00:36:21,347 --> 00:36:24,383 to control the movement of an artificial arm. 637 00:36:26,318 --> 00:36:28,654 What happens if those neural implants 638 00:36:28,687 --> 00:36:30,556 can actually take the true essence 639 00:36:30,589 --> 00:36:32,991 of what it means to be conscious, 640 00:36:33,024 --> 00:36:36,228 and break that down into some sort of pure information 641 00:36:36,262 --> 00:36:39,831 that could live apart from a biological substrate? 642 00:36:41,500 --> 00:36:44,336 It could make itself far more massive, 643 00:36:44,370 --> 00:36:45,704 far more intelligent, 644 00:36:45,737 --> 00:36:48,874 than any human ever had been before. 645 00:36:53,879 --> 00:36:55,647 NARRATOR: Could extraterrestrials have 646 00:36:55,681 --> 00:36:58,717 steered our evolution towards technology, 647 00:36:58,750 --> 00:37:03,455 so that we may merge man directly with machine, 648 00:37:03,489 --> 00:37:06,425 eliminating our biological restraints? 649 00:37:07,826 --> 00:37:11,497 And if so, might our futures lie entirely 650 00:37:11,530 --> 00:37:15,901 in a digital realm of silicon and bits of code? 651 00:37:15,934 --> 00:37:19,438 Many believe the answer lies not in what we are becoming, 652 00:37:19,471 --> 00:37:22,674 but where we are going. 653 00:37:22,708 --> 00:37:27,579 CHILDRESS: It won't be long before mankind has reached 654 00:37:27,613 --> 00:37:30,382 the point where we have 655 00:37:30,416 --> 00:37:32,784 the technology and the artificial intelligence 656 00:37:32,818 --> 00:37:34,620 to leave our planet 657 00:37:34,653 --> 00:37:38,524 and go into space, just like extraterrestrials before us. 658 00:37:40,659 --> 00:37:43,662 So you've got to wonder: are extraterrestrials 659 00:37:43,695 --> 00:37:46,665 somehow guiding us and manipulating us 660 00:37:46,698 --> 00:37:48,900 into this new future, 661 00:37:48,934 --> 00:37:52,804 and this new human, that we are destined to be? 662 00:37:56,342 --> 00:37:59,445 NARRATOR: Is it possible that extraterrestrials have led us 663 00:37:59,478 --> 00:38:01,947 to a post-biological future, 664 00:38:01,980 --> 00:38:05,784 so that we can rejoin them in the cosmos? 665 00:38:05,817 --> 00:38:10,055 And if so, might they have used these same technologies 666 00:38:10,088 --> 00:38:13,291 to visit Earth in the distant past? 667 00:38:16,562 --> 00:38:19,765 Ancient astronaut theorists say yes, 668 00:38:19,798 --> 00:38:21,567 and look to NASA's own attempts 669 00:38:21,600 --> 00:38:23,702 at re-engineering man 670 00:38:23,735 --> 00:38:26,071 for space. 671 00:38:33,979 --> 00:38:37,015 NARRATOR: New York City, 1961. 672 00:38:38,984 --> 00:38:42,053 Psychopharmacologist Nathan S. Kline 673 00:38:42,087 --> 00:38:45,557 and cybernetic mathematician Manfred Clynes 674 00:38:45,591 --> 00:38:48,627 co-publish a paper about human space travel 675 00:38:48,660 --> 00:38:52,698 entitled "Drugs, Space, and Cybernetics." 676 00:38:54,733 --> 00:38:57,536 The two coin the term "cyborg"-- 677 00:38:57,569 --> 00:39:00,472 an enhanced human being specifically doctored 678 00:39:00,506 --> 00:39:02,708 to survive in extraterrestrial environments 679 00:39:02,741 --> 00:39:04,776 without a space suit. 680 00:39:07,045 --> 00:39:10,081 In their paper, they detailed various ways 681 00:39:10,115 --> 00:39:13,419 in which to modify the human body for survival 682 00:39:13,452 --> 00:39:17,022 beyond Earth, and later served as the inspiration 683 00:39:17,055 --> 00:39:21,092 for NASA's study "Engineering Man for Space." 684 00:39:23,995 --> 00:39:27,699 TSOUKALOS: Our bodies are not suited for living in space. 685 00:39:27,733 --> 00:39:31,970 After only a few days, we experience muscle and bone loss. 686 00:39:32,003 --> 00:39:35,574 One has to wonder if extraterrestrials 687 00:39:35,607 --> 00:39:38,009 experience the same type of problems. 688 00:39:39,611 --> 00:39:42,781 I do think that any beings that are able 689 00:39:42,814 --> 00:39:47,453 to cross the cosmos and visit this planet 690 00:39:47,486 --> 00:39:51,857 will have learned how to self-direct their evolution, 691 00:39:51,890 --> 00:39:53,992 to survive in deep space 692 00:39:54,025 --> 00:39:56,061 for extraordinarily long periods of time. 693 00:39:56,094 --> 00:39:59,030 Those beings, more than likely, 694 00:39:59,064 --> 00:40:00,899 will be, at least, bio-digital, 695 00:40:00,932 --> 00:40:03,602 meaning that they have merged with their technologies. 696 00:40:03,635 --> 00:40:06,171 Or they will be pure digital beings. 697 00:40:06,204 --> 00:40:09,975 These may be robots or cyborgs. 698 00:40:16,782 --> 00:40:19,017 NARRATOR: Could extraterrestrials have used 699 00:40:19,050 --> 00:40:23,822 the same cyborg technologies we are just now developing? 700 00:40:25,190 --> 00:40:28,627 If so, might our push towards transhumanism 701 00:40:28,660 --> 00:40:32,030 really be inspired by an innate desire 702 00:40:32,063 --> 00:40:35,066 to travel further into space... 703 00:40:35,100 --> 00:40:37,603 and seek out our creators? 704 00:40:41,239 --> 00:40:44,209 There has been a consistent path towards 705 00:40:44,242 --> 00:40:46,778 the fusion of human and machine 706 00:40:46,812 --> 00:40:48,780 throughout all of our history-- 707 00:40:48,814 --> 00:40:51,517 this idea that we could somehow advance ourselves 708 00:40:51,550 --> 00:40:53,652 for the betterment of humankind 709 00:40:53,685 --> 00:40:55,186 through this merger 710 00:40:55,220 --> 00:40:59,024 of technology and biology. 711 00:40:59,057 --> 00:41:00,926 CHILDRESS: I think that what will happen 712 00:41:00,959 --> 00:41:04,663 is that our biological bodies 713 00:41:04,696 --> 00:41:06,998 will be able to be perfected, 714 00:41:07,032 --> 00:41:09,835 any imperfections corrected. 715 00:41:09,868 --> 00:41:12,671 Our mental abilities and lifespan 716 00:41:12,704 --> 00:41:15,073 will be enhanced considerably. 717 00:41:15,106 --> 00:41:18,944 And we will be ready, ourselves, to go into space 718 00:41:18,977 --> 00:41:22,981 and ultimately join our creators in the stars. 719 00:41:27,853 --> 00:41:30,756 NARRATOR: Is it possible extraterrestrials left us 720 00:41:30,789 --> 00:41:32,824 with the tools to mold ourselves 721 00:41:32,858 --> 00:41:35,627 into a truly transhuman species... 722 00:41:37,729 --> 00:41:39,565 ...one without any limits, 723 00:41:39,598 --> 00:41:43,301 capable of traveling the stars at will? 724 00:41:43,334 --> 00:41:47,205 Or could nanomachines, artificial intelligence, 725 00:41:47,238 --> 00:41:51,977 and the digital revolution render humans obsolete? 726 00:41:52,010 --> 00:41:56,047 Our lives and the very nature of our existence 727 00:41:56,081 --> 00:41:59,685 may balance on this choice, 728 00:41:59,718 --> 00:42:03,989 a choice that is coming much sooner than we think. 729 00:42:04,022 --> 00:42:07,092 CAPTIONING PROVIDED BY A+E NETWORKS 57220

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