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[tense music]
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♪ ♪
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[birds chirping]
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♪ ♪
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[faint drumming]
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[twigs snapping]
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♪ ♪
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[gunshot]
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[man grunts]
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[gunfire]
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[gunshot]
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‐ Rebs!
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[gunshots]
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[men grunt]
15
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‐ Rebs!
Coming from the woods!
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Rebs!
In the left!
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[gunfire]
[all shouting]
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♪ ♪
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[gunfire]
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[all shouting]
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♪ ♪
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Rebs!
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♪ ♪
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[horse hooves trotting]
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♪ ♪
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[distant gunfire]
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♪ ♪
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‐ Hurt bad, private?
‐ It's only a scratch, sir.
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‐ So you can fight?
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♪ ♪
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Come on now, boys.
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Pitch in.
I'm right behind you.
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[indistinct shouting]
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♪ ♪
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Everyone has his superstitions.
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One of my superstitions
has always been
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when I started to go anywhere
or do anything,
38
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never to turn back or stop
39
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until the thing intended
was accomplished.
40
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‐ General Grant.
‐ Sherman.
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‐ We've had the devil's
own day, haven't we?
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♪ ♪
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‐ Lick them tomorrow though.
44
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♪ ♪
45
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‐ Very few people really
know who Ulysses S. Grant was.
46
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‐ Today there is this sense
that he's forgotten.
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‐ He's been called
so many things over the years.
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‐ The greatest general
of his time.
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‐ A military genius.
50
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‐ A bloody butcher.
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‐ A corrupt President.
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‐ A belligerent drunk
who got lucky.
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He didn't get lucky.
54
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‐ Ulysses S. Grant is
this perfectly average,
55
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humble individual from a poor,
hardscrabble background...
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‐ With a lot of hard times
and failures in his life.
57
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‐ But he's got
this dogged determination
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and this bulldog mentality.
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‐ This guy comes from nothing,
60
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rises to the highest ranks
of the Union army.
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‐ Form your lines!
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‐ Fights bloody,
terrible battles‐‐
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‐ With indomitable will‐‐
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‐ To save the Union.
65
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‐ To heal his country.
66
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‐ To lead the nation
towards justice for everybody.
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‐ He's the unheroic hero
of our greatest national epic,
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the American Civil War.
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‐ It's truly an American story,
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not only in patriotism
to the nation,
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but for the values of who we
are and who we aspire to be.
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♪ ♪
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[dramatic music]
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♪ ♪
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‐ My family is American
and has been for generations.
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♪ ♪
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At the breaking out of the war
of the revolution,
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my grandfather went to join
the Continental Army.
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He was present
at the Battle of Bunker Hill.
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♪ ♪
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00:04:54,961 --> 00:05:00,568
I was born on the 27th
of April, 1822, in Ohio.
82
00:05:00,592 --> 00:05:04,280
While my father carried
on the manufacture of leather,
83
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I detested the trade.
84
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‐ Ulys, get in here.
85
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About that colt, offer $20.
That's what it's worth.
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If old Ralston says no,
then you offer 25.
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Don't make a mess of it.
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♪ ♪
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‐ There was Mr. Ralston,
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living within a few miles
of the village,
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who owned a colt
which I very much wanted.
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‐ [shushes]
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[roosters crowing]
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Well?
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‐ Pop says I can offer you $20
for the colt,
96
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but if you won't take that,
I can offer you 25.
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♪ ♪
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‐ 25 it is, son.
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[boys laughing]
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‐ That transaction caused me
much heartburn.
101
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‐ Ulysses.
‐ Ulysses.
102
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More like useless.
Useless Grant.
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♪ ♪
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‐ Grant as a kid showed
no promise for anything.
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The local kids called him
Useless Grant
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rather than Ulysses Grant.
107
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‐ Grant doesn't have,
probably, the best childhood
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in terms
of an overbearing father.
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‐ Ulysses really has nothing
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in common with his father.
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He does not want to follow
in the family business,
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does not like the tannery.
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He's repulsed by the smell.
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He's repulsed
by the sight of blood.
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He just doesn't like it,
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but what he does like is horses.
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He becomes an avid horseman
at a very young age,
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and that's going to be
very helpful down the road.
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‐ I think his father thought,
"What am I gonna do
120
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with Ulysses?"
and so his father is able
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to get Grant
an appointment to West Point,
122
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but he'd applied, apparently,
without Grant knowing,
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and so when the notice
came of the appointment,
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his father says to Ulysses that,
125
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"You've got the appointment,"
126
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and Grant's response was,
"The appointment to what?"
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He goes, "Well, to West Point.
You're going to West Point."
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‐ And Grant said,
"I don't really think so,"
129
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and his father says,
"Yes‐‐yes, you are,"
130
00:07:03,923 --> 00:07:05,735
and he ends up going,
131
00:07:05,759 --> 00:07:08,821
but Grant emphatically
did not want to be a soldier.
132
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‐ I would have been glad to
have had a railroad collision
133
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or any other accident happen
by which I might have received
134
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a temporary injury sufficient
135
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to make me ineligible
to enter the academy.
136
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Nothing of the kind occurred,
and I had to face the music.
137
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‐ Sir, there's been a mistake.
138
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See, this says
Ulysses S. Grant.
139
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My name is Ulysses H. Grant.
140
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‐ You've been
officially accepted
141
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as Ulysses S. Grant.
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‐ Well, they got that wrong.
143
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‐ This is the name
that's been submitted.
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This is the name you shall have.
145
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‐ Um, yes, sir.
146
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‐ Let me see that.
147
00:08:04,567 --> 00:08:07,713
Ulysses S. Grant.
148
00:08:07,737 --> 00:08:09,965
Longstreet,
this man's name is U. S. Grant.
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‐ A fine appellation
if ever there was one.
150
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‐ Uncle Sam Grant.
151
00:08:14,411 --> 00:08:17,223
Well, Sam,
I'm William Tecumseh Sherman.
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This here is James Longstreet
of South Carolina.
153
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Call him Pete.
154
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‐ Pleasure, sir.
‐ How do you do?
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‐ Welcome to West Point.
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‐ The initials U. S. Grant are
actually a complete accident.
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When that name appears,
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his fellow cadets immediately
start making nicknames.
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United States Grant,
Uncle Sam Grant,
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and it's Sam
that sticks with him.
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‐ If you attended West Point,
you were a very, very prime
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00:08:43,773 --> 00:08:46,585
specimen in the United States
of America at that point.
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‐ Almost all
of the senior generals
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of the Civil War on both sides
graduated from West Point.
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In the North you had Sherman.
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You had McClellan.
You had Sheridan and Meade.
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In the South you had
Stonewall Jackson.
168
00:09:01,124 --> 00:09:03,519
You had Longstreet.
You had Jeb Stuart.
169
00:09:03,543 --> 00:09:05,479
You had Robert E. Lee.
170
00:09:05,503 --> 00:09:08,816
Lee was second in his class,
one of the very rare cadets
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in history to have no demerits.
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‐ It was very important
at West Point that Grant
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met many of the future generals
of the Civil War.
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His intimate knowledge
of their personalities
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would fill him with confidence
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when he found them on the other
side of the battlefield.
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‐ He was not a model cadet.
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He has plenty of demerits.
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‐ He was in the middle
of his class.
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00:09:33,156 --> 00:09:36,469
As he confessed later on,
he mostly read novels.
181
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‐ But he was good in math.
182
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He enjoyed the art classes.
He enjoyed mapmaking classes.
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‐ And he excelled
at horsemanship.
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He could tame
seemingly any horse.
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00:09:49,172 --> 00:09:53,694
‐ Now unfortunately for Grant,
when he graduates,
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00:09:53,718 --> 00:09:57,573
there were no spots
in the U. S. Cavalry,
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and so the best equestrian
188
00:09:59,099 --> 00:10:00,951
in that particular
graduating class
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ended up in the infantry.
190
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‐ I reported for duty at
Jefferson barracks, St. Louis.
191
00:10:07,690 --> 00:10:09,710
At West Point I had a roommate,
192
00:10:09,734 --> 00:10:11,754
Fred Dent,
193
00:10:11,778 --> 00:10:15,716
whose family resided some five
miles west of the barracks.
194
00:10:15,740 --> 00:10:20,221
I soon found my way out to
White Haven, the Dent estate.
195
00:10:20,245 --> 00:10:22,515
As I found the family congenial,
196
00:10:22,539 --> 00:10:25,142
my visits became frequent.
197
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[dramatic music]
198
00:10:27,335 --> 00:10:30,314
‐ The Dents were
a slave‐owning family.
199
00:10:30,338 --> 00:10:33,984
They had
approximately 30 slaves.
200
00:10:34,008 --> 00:10:37,238
There's no evidence
that Grant felt discomfort
201
00:10:37,262 --> 00:10:40,282
with the Dents' slaves
at that point.
202
00:10:40,306 --> 00:10:44,203
By his own later admission,
he was not an abolitionist.
203
00:10:44,227 --> 00:10:46,622
Marcia: During Grant's time
in Missouri,
204
00:10:46,646 --> 00:10:48,624
the entire nation found itself
205
00:10:48,648 --> 00:10:51,710
divided over the issue
of slavery.
206
00:10:51,734 --> 00:10:55,256
The United States was engaged
in I would say
207
00:10:55,280 --> 00:10:59,593
kind of a fiction that you
could maintain national unity
208
00:10:59,617 --> 00:11:01,804
if you created a balance
of slave and free states.
209
00:11:01,828 --> 00:11:06,600
‐ Enslaved black people were
the largest asset of wealth
210
00:11:06,624 --> 00:11:10,062
that we had in this country,
and so many Americans
211
00:11:10,086 --> 00:11:13,649
wanted to maintain
the right of enslavement,
212
00:11:13,673 --> 00:11:15,401
and when I say enslavement,
213
00:11:15,425 --> 00:11:16,944
I'm talking about for the right
to break up families,
214
00:11:16,968 --> 00:11:18,237
for the right to sell
somebody's mother,
215
00:11:18,261 --> 00:11:19,655
somebody's kid away,
216
00:11:19,679 --> 00:11:21,615
for the right to torture people.
217
00:11:21,639 --> 00:11:23,742
‐ So the question of slavery
218
00:11:23,766 --> 00:11:25,786
and the atrocities of the system
219
00:11:25,810 --> 00:11:28,622
was about the direction
that the nation would take
220
00:11:28,646 --> 00:11:31,417
economically but also morally.
221
00:11:31,441 --> 00:11:36,380
‐ Grant's dad, Jesse, is
a huge anti‐slavery advocate.
222
00:11:36,404 --> 00:11:39,216
He's very vocal about
his opinions and his beliefs.
223
00:11:39,240 --> 00:11:41,177
‐ So Grant would have
been well aware
224
00:11:41,201 --> 00:11:44,013
of the long‐simmering tensions
225
00:11:44,037 --> 00:11:48,809
between slaveholding
and non‐slaveholding states.
226
00:11:48,833 --> 00:11:53,314
At West Point he was friends
with slaveholding men,
227
00:11:53,338 --> 00:11:56,192
many who become
some of his closest friends.
228
00:11:56,216 --> 00:12:00,529
Grant certainly was
part of that tension.
229
00:12:00,553 --> 00:12:03,449
[tense music]
230
00:12:03,473 --> 00:12:05,868
♪ ♪
231
00:12:05,892 --> 00:12:08,704
‐ Grant, you haven't yet
met my sister Julia.
232
00:12:08,728 --> 00:12:13,542
Julia, this is Sam,
that is, Ulysses Grant.
233
00:12:13,566 --> 00:12:16,670
♪ ♪
234
00:12:16,694 --> 00:12:19,506
‐ You haven't spoken,
Lieutenant Grant.
235
00:12:19,530 --> 00:12:21,383
‐ That's our Grant.
236
00:12:21,407 --> 00:12:23,886
You'll find that he can
be silent in several languages.
237
00:12:23,910 --> 00:12:27,056
‐ Grant, far from looking
for a girlfriend
238
00:12:27,080 --> 00:12:30,142
or looking for a wife
at the time,
239
00:12:30,166 --> 00:12:33,312
was as surprised as anyone
that he had fallen in love.
240
00:12:33,336 --> 00:12:35,564
♪ ♪
241
00:12:35,588 --> 00:12:39,151
‐ However, Julia Dent is
the daughter of a slave owner.
242
00:12:39,175 --> 00:12:41,695
It's gonna create
some dilemmas for Grant.
243
00:12:41,719 --> 00:12:43,489
It's gonna cause
a lot of friction
244
00:12:43,513 --> 00:12:45,908
because Jesse Grant,
anti‐slavery.
245
00:12:45,932 --> 00:12:47,534
Frederick Dent, slave owner.
246
00:12:47,558 --> 00:12:49,912
The families
are very much opposed.
247
00:12:49,936 --> 00:12:54,541
‐ So Grant has a secret
engagement with Julia,
248
00:12:54,565 --> 00:12:56,752
and they were going to approach
249
00:12:56,776 --> 00:12:58,212
Colonel Dent about it,
250
00:12:58,236 --> 00:13:00,756
but it's put on hold
indefinitely
251
00:13:00,780 --> 00:13:03,509
as he's called
to the Mexican‐American War.
252
00:13:03,533 --> 00:13:06,762
♪ ♪
253
00:13:06,786 --> 00:13:09,390
‐ The thing that led
to the Mexican War
254
00:13:09,414 --> 00:13:12,434
was the westward expansion
of the United States
255
00:13:12,458 --> 00:13:14,853
into Mexican territory
256
00:13:14,877 --> 00:13:17,648
with an incredibly
aggressive foreign policy
257
00:13:17,672 --> 00:13:20,693
to unify the country
all the way to California,
258
00:13:20,717 --> 00:13:23,946
which was the crown jewel
on the west coast.
259
00:13:23,970 --> 00:13:28,617
Mexico stood in the way,
so the army marches in.
260
00:13:28,641 --> 00:13:31,578
Ulysses S. Grant is assigned
as a quartermaster‐‐
261
00:13:31,602 --> 00:13:33,789
that is, a supply officer.
262
00:13:33,813 --> 00:13:36,750
Grant is a spectacular
quartermaster,
263
00:13:36,774 --> 00:13:38,711
incredibly hands‐on,
264
00:13:38,735 --> 00:13:42,423
but he is itching
to get into combat.
265
00:13:42,447 --> 00:13:45,634
He is a 25‐year‐old
West Point graduate
266
00:13:45,658 --> 00:13:49,430
who has an opportunity
to make a name for himself.
267
00:13:49,454 --> 00:13:52,307
[gunfire]
268
00:13:52,331 --> 00:13:55,561
[tense music]
269
00:13:55,585 --> 00:13:58,814
[all shouting at once]
270
00:13:58,838 --> 00:14:00,983
[gunfire]
271
00:14:01,007 --> 00:14:02,735
‐ To Colonel Garland,
272
00:14:02,759 --> 00:14:05,154
I respectfully protest
against being assigned
273
00:14:05,178 --> 00:14:06,488
the duties of quartermaster...
274
00:14:06,512 --> 00:14:08,282
Boys, load those boxes.
275
00:14:08,306 --> 00:14:10,159
Which removes me
from sharing in the dangers
276
00:14:10,183 --> 00:14:14,079
and honors of service
with my company at the front.
277
00:14:14,103 --> 00:14:18,333
‐ I need ammunition!
‐ Yes, sir!
278
00:14:18,357 --> 00:14:21,378
‐ Come on, guys, mount!
Rush in!
279
00:14:21,402 --> 00:14:24,590
[all shouting]
[gunfire]
280
00:14:24,614 --> 00:14:27,760
♪ ♪
281
00:14:27,784 --> 00:14:29,136
[shouting]
282
00:14:29,160 --> 00:14:32,431
‐ Ammunition!
Ammunition!
283
00:14:32,455 --> 00:14:34,183
Ammo, now!
284
00:14:34,207 --> 00:14:38,020
‐ Volunteer!
Volunteer!
285
00:14:38,044 --> 00:14:39,855
[booming]
286
00:14:39,879 --> 00:14:41,148
‐ I volunteer.
287
00:14:41,172 --> 00:14:42,858
‐ Grant, you're
the quartermaster.
288
00:14:42,882 --> 00:14:44,860
You don't need to do this.
‐ You asked for a volunteer.
289
00:14:44,884 --> 00:14:46,028
‐ I need ammunition!
Come on!
290
00:14:46,052 --> 00:14:48,280
‐ I volunteer.
291
00:14:48,304 --> 00:14:49,698
‐ We're gonna lose this position
292
00:14:49,722 --> 00:14:51,992
unless we get ammunition
up here now.
293
00:14:52,016 --> 00:14:55,996
♪ ♪
294
00:14:56,020 --> 00:14:58,564
[gunfire]
295
00:15:00,608 --> 00:15:02,211
[all shouting]
♪ ♪
296
00:15:02,235 --> 00:15:09,242
♪ ♪
297
00:15:13,162 --> 00:15:15,057
‐ God save you, Grant!
298
00:15:15,081 --> 00:15:18,685
♪ ♪
299
00:15:18,709 --> 00:15:20,145
‐ In the Mexican War,
300
00:15:20,169 --> 00:15:21,855
there's a very dramatic incident
301
00:15:21,879 --> 00:15:24,566
where Grant rides
on the side of a horse
302
00:15:24,590 --> 00:15:26,151
using the horse as a shield
303
00:15:26,175 --> 00:15:28,570
as he rides
a gauntlet of bullets
304
00:15:28,594 --> 00:15:31,907
to keep these men supplied
in the middle of a battle.
305
00:15:31,931 --> 00:15:35,744
‐ In the Mexican War Grant
learns a very important lesson
306
00:15:35,768 --> 00:15:38,789
about his own emotional makeup.
307
00:15:38,813 --> 00:15:40,165
In moments of extreme danger,
308
00:15:40,189 --> 00:15:42,835
when other people are panicking,
309
00:15:42,859 --> 00:15:46,588
Grant becomes very cool
in a crisis.
310
00:15:46,612 --> 00:15:51,593
He discovers nothing ever
rattled him in battle.
311
00:15:51,617 --> 00:15:53,262
‐ You want to know
312
00:15:53,286 --> 00:15:55,931
what my feelings
were on the field of battle?
313
00:15:55,955 --> 00:16:00,394
I do not know that I felt
any peculiar sensation.
314
00:16:00,418 --> 00:16:04,648
War seems much less horrible
to persons engaged in it
315
00:16:04,672 --> 00:16:07,234
than to those
who read of the battle.
316
00:16:07,258 --> 00:16:09,528
♪ ♪
317
00:16:09,552 --> 00:16:13,157
‐ Grant watches people die
horrible deaths in battle.
318
00:16:13,181 --> 00:16:16,827
He loses many of his friends,
one after the other,
319
00:16:16,851 --> 00:16:18,996
and so I think
he has a very clear sense
320
00:16:19,020 --> 00:16:22,499
of the costs of war
from the start.
321
00:16:22,523 --> 00:16:24,877
‐ Many West Point‐trained
officers
322
00:16:24,901 --> 00:16:27,921
served together during
the U. S. war with Mexico.
323
00:16:27,945 --> 00:16:30,382
That's where Grant met
Robert E. Lee
324
00:16:30,406 --> 00:16:34,136
for the first time,
Grant as a lower‐level officer
325
00:16:34,160 --> 00:16:37,848
but Lee as a major
staff officer.
326
00:16:37,872 --> 00:16:40,601
Lee is a hero during the war.
327
00:16:40,625 --> 00:16:43,312
♪ ♪
328
00:16:43,336 --> 00:16:47,691
‐ The Mexican War ends in 1848.
329
00:16:47,715 --> 00:16:50,944
We have gotten exactly
what we want,
330
00:16:50,968 --> 00:16:54,156
most of the American Southwest,
331
00:16:54,180 --> 00:16:57,159
roughly 500,000 square miles
of territory,
332
00:16:57,183 --> 00:16:59,578
all the way
to the Pacific Ocean,
333
00:16:59,602 --> 00:17:01,914
and the question of whether
that land would be
334
00:17:01,938 --> 00:17:03,582
slave or free, of course,
335
00:17:03,606 --> 00:17:06,835
would raise its ugly head
pretty much every year
336
00:17:06,859 --> 00:17:10,005
after that right up to 1861.
337
00:17:10,029 --> 00:17:14,343
In many ways, the completion
of the United States
338
00:17:14,367 --> 00:17:17,679
from sea to shining sea
leads directly
339
00:17:17,703 --> 00:17:19,514
to the American Civil War.
340
00:17:19,538 --> 00:17:26,188
♪ ♪
341
00:17:26,212 --> 00:17:29,215
[horse whinnying]
342
00:17:32,134 --> 00:17:35,030
[dramatic music]
343
00:17:35,054 --> 00:17:37,032
♪ ♪
344
00:17:37,056 --> 00:17:40,244
‐ By the time Grant came
back from the Mexican War,
345
00:17:40,268 --> 00:17:45,207
he had matured,
and Julia was waiting for him,
346
00:17:45,231 --> 00:17:47,876
but Julia's father,
Colonel Dent,
347
00:17:47,900 --> 00:17:49,253
thought she could do better.
348
00:17:49,277 --> 00:17:51,380
He thought that
the military life
349
00:17:51,404 --> 00:17:54,299
would be very difficult for her.
350
00:17:54,323 --> 00:17:56,885
‐ Grant eventually won over Dent
351
00:17:56,909 --> 00:17:59,555
and asked to marry Julia.
352
00:17:59,579 --> 00:18:02,516
‐ But Grant came from
a strongly abolitionist family
353
00:18:02,540 --> 00:18:05,894
that was horrified
that he was marrying into
354
00:18:05,918 --> 00:18:08,438
this Missouri
slave‐owning family,
355
00:18:08,462 --> 00:18:12,276
and when Ulysses and Julia
get married in 1848,
356
00:18:12,300 --> 00:18:16,613
not a single member
of the Grant family is there.
357
00:18:16,637 --> 00:18:21,076
♪ ♪
358
00:18:21,100 --> 00:18:22,786
‐ The first years
359
00:18:22,810 --> 00:18:25,247
of that marriage
are actually quite difficult.
360
00:18:25,271 --> 00:18:29,084
Grant is posted to the
west coast, to Fort Humboldt.
361
00:18:29,108 --> 00:18:32,296
Julia is expecting a child
and is thus unable
362
00:18:32,320 --> 00:18:35,215
to go with him
to the Pacific Northwest.
363
00:18:35,239 --> 00:18:36,758
‐ When he was separated
from his family,
364
00:18:36,782 --> 00:18:40,387
he missed them terribly,
especially Julia,
365
00:18:40,411 --> 00:18:42,431
and Fort Humboldt
was an isolated,
366
00:18:42,455 --> 00:18:44,600
desolate place to be,
367
00:18:44,624 --> 00:18:48,895
so he really started to suffer
significant melancholy.
368
00:18:48,919 --> 00:18:55,944
♪ ♪
369
00:18:55,968 --> 00:18:58,155
‐ Dear Julia, the mail came
370
00:18:58,179 --> 00:19:00,032
but brought me nothing from you.
371
00:19:00,056 --> 00:19:02,618
I have only had one letter
from you in three months.
372
00:19:02,642 --> 00:19:06,288
My dear wife, how very anxious
I am to get home once again.
373
00:19:06,312 --> 00:19:08,248
I sometimes get so anxious
374
00:19:08,272 --> 00:19:09,833
to see you and our little boys,
375
00:19:09,857 --> 00:19:11,627
I'm almost tempted to resign.
376
00:19:11,651 --> 00:19:13,629
Dear Julia, I do not feel
377
00:19:13,653 --> 00:19:18,133
as if it is possible to endure
this separation much longer.
378
00:19:18,157 --> 00:19:25,140
♪ ♪
379
00:19:25,164 --> 00:19:29,603
‐ Grant gets bored easily
when there's nothing going on.
380
00:19:29,627 --> 00:19:34,066
He gets lonely, and that
is when you start seeing
381
00:19:34,090 --> 00:19:38,153
maybe some problems
with the drinking.
382
00:19:38,177 --> 00:19:40,197
‐ Thank you, sir.
383
00:19:40,221 --> 00:19:43,200
♪ ♪
384
00:19:43,224 --> 00:19:45,077
‐ When I have nothing to do,
385
00:19:45,101 --> 00:19:47,037
I get blue,
386
00:19:47,061 --> 00:19:50,666
and I have
a natural craving for a drink.
387
00:19:50,690 --> 00:19:52,918
♪ ♪
388
00:19:52,942 --> 00:19:55,277
‐ Captain Grant.
389
00:20:04,286 --> 00:20:09,291
Grant, you know
the rules about drink.
390
00:20:17,717 --> 00:20:19,361
‐ This is where all the stories
391
00:20:19,385 --> 00:20:21,822
of Grant's drinking start.
392
00:20:21,846 --> 00:20:25,701
I think there were some times
when he did drink.
393
00:20:25,725 --> 00:20:28,912
It was a story that circulated
among army officers,
394
00:20:28,936 --> 00:20:33,333
and then later it became
an easy thing
395
00:20:33,357 --> 00:20:37,337
for those who vilified him
or wished to to seize on.
396
00:20:37,361 --> 00:20:40,882
It became one of the running
themes of his life.
397
00:20:40,906 --> 00:20:42,759
♪ ♪
398
00:20:42,783 --> 00:20:46,579
‐ Grant, I'm sorry
it's come to this.
399
00:20:48,539 --> 00:20:50,267
You have a choice:
400
00:20:50,291 --> 00:20:54,730
resign or court martial.
401
00:20:54,754 --> 00:21:01,844
♪ ♪
402
00:21:04,972 --> 00:21:08,827
[country music]
403
00:21:08,851 --> 00:21:11,329
[horse braying]
404
00:21:11,353 --> 00:21:15,250
[donkey hawing]
405
00:21:15,274 --> 00:21:18,628
♪ ♪
406
00:21:18,652 --> 00:21:22,257
‐ Hey, mister, you a soldier?
407
00:21:22,281 --> 00:21:25,093
‐ Uh, n‐no, I'm‐‐
408
00:21:25,117 --> 00:21:28,930
‐ Then why are you wearing
that old soldier's coat?
409
00:21:28,954 --> 00:21:33,685
‐ It's a good coat,
but I'm not a soldier anymore.
410
00:21:33,709 --> 00:21:35,520
‐ So what are you?
411
00:21:35,544 --> 00:21:42,593
♪ ♪
412
00:21:45,971 --> 00:21:49,367
‐ May I ask who you are?
413
00:21:49,391 --> 00:21:53,288
‐ Grant, Fred Grant.
414
00:21:53,312 --> 00:21:55,207
‐ Ulys!
415
00:21:55,231 --> 00:21:58,627
♪ ♪
416
00:21:58,651 --> 00:22:00,128
Ulys!
417
00:22:00,152 --> 00:22:03,965
♪ ♪
418
00:22:03,989 --> 00:22:08,887
[laughing]
419
00:22:08,911 --> 00:22:11,556
‐ When Grant arrives back
at White Haven,
420
00:22:11,580 --> 00:22:14,309
it must have been an
absolutely surreal experience.
421
00:22:14,333 --> 00:22:18,730
He hadn't seen his wife,
Julia, in two years.
422
00:22:18,754 --> 00:22:23,652
He hadn't seen his young son,
Fred, in two years,
423
00:22:23,676 --> 00:22:25,862
and he had never even met
his youngest son,
424
00:22:25,886 --> 00:22:29,407
Ulysses Jr.‐‐
his namesake.
425
00:22:29,431 --> 00:22:31,493
‐ Grant is now very much
426
00:22:31,517 --> 00:22:33,203
lorded over by
his father‐in‐law,
427
00:22:33,227 --> 00:22:36,164
Colonel Dent, who is convinced
428
00:22:36,188 --> 00:22:39,835
that his daughter
has married beneath her.
429
00:22:39,859 --> 00:22:44,840
So there's a slow burn
going on in Ulysses Grant.
430
00:22:44,864 --> 00:22:46,883
‐ Grant wants to be independent.
431
00:22:46,907 --> 00:22:48,844
He wants to get out
of the main house,
432
00:22:48,868 --> 00:22:53,849
to get away from Colonel Dent,
and so he builds Hardscrabble
433
00:22:53,873 --> 00:22:57,352
on the 60 acres given
by Colonel Dent to Julia.
434
00:22:57,376 --> 00:23:00,355
He's got to clear the land,
clear the wood.
435
00:23:00,379 --> 00:23:03,316
He wants to have his family
in their own home.
436
00:23:03,340 --> 00:23:07,320
That is the independent
streak in him.
437
00:23:07,344 --> 00:23:11,116
[wood splitting]
438
00:23:11,140 --> 00:23:14,661
Julia had absolute trust
in her husband.
439
00:23:14,685 --> 00:23:18,331
He wasn't looking
for fame, fortune.
440
00:23:18,355 --> 00:23:21,877
His ambitions centered
on his family.
441
00:23:21,901 --> 00:23:24,212
He would say,
"You know my weaknesses,
442
00:23:24,236 --> 00:23:26,172
my horses and my children."
443
00:23:26,196 --> 00:23:30,385
‐ [groans] ‐ [laughs]
444
00:23:30,409 --> 00:23:32,762
‐ Grant is now faced
445
00:23:32,786 --> 00:23:34,931
with the challenge
of making a living.
446
00:23:34,955 --> 00:23:37,392
He tried farming.
That doesn't work out so well.
447
00:23:37,416 --> 00:23:40,812
He tries a real estate
business in St. Louis,
448
00:23:40,836 --> 00:23:43,732
but he's not really very good
at collecting rent.
449
00:23:43,756 --> 00:23:46,067
He tries to get a job
as a surveyor,
450
00:23:46,091 --> 00:23:47,736
and he isn't able to get that.
451
00:23:47,760 --> 00:23:50,405
He doesn't really know
what to do.
452
00:23:50,429 --> 00:23:53,909
What's staring him
in the face is poverty.
453
00:23:53,933 --> 00:23:58,246
‐ I did not want to fly
from one thing to another,
454
00:23:58,270 --> 00:24:02,667
but I was compelled to make
a living for my family.
455
00:24:02,691 --> 00:24:05,754
If nothing else could be done,
I would load a cord of wood
456
00:24:05,778 --> 00:24:08,423
and take it to the city
for sale.
457
00:24:08,447 --> 00:24:13,327
♪ ♪
458
00:24:14,203 --> 00:24:16,139
[horse brays]
459
00:24:16,163 --> 00:24:18,666
‐ Captain Grant?
‐ Whoa, whoa.
460
00:24:21,961 --> 00:24:25,649
‐ I served under you in Mexico,
Molino del Rey.
461
00:24:25,673 --> 00:24:27,108
‐ Oh.
462
00:24:27,132 --> 00:24:30,886
‐ Hell of a day, sir.
‐ Yes.
463
00:24:32,137 --> 00:24:34,223
‐ May I ask
what you're doing, sir?
464
00:24:36,141 --> 00:24:38,477
‐ Solving the problem
of poverty.
465
00:24:42,856 --> 00:24:44,733
‐ Sir.
466
00:24:47,695 --> 00:24:51,883
‐ Many people think that
Grant selling firewood
467
00:24:51,907 --> 00:24:53,677
was beneath him,
468
00:24:53,701 --> 00:24:57,013
but the reality was he was
willing to do whatever it took
469
00:24:57,037 --> 00:24:59,140
to provide for his family.
470
00:24:59,164 --> 00:25:02,686
I think that's the core
of Ulysses S. Grant.
471
00:25:02,710 --> 00:25:04,813
You will encounter hardships.
472
00:25:04,837 --> 00:25:07,482
You will encounter failures,
473
00:25:07,506 --> 00:25:09,025
but you've got to keep pushing.
474
00:25:09,049 --> 00:25:11,528
You've gotta keep persevering.
475
00:25:11,552 --> 00:25:14,155
[tense music]
476
00:25:14,179 --> 00:25:16,366
‐ He also, however, was living
477
00:25:16,390 --> 00:25:18,910
in a kind of divided household.
478
00:25:18,934 --> 00:25:21,162
He's living with
the Dent slaves,
479
00:25:21,186 --> 00:25:24,332
and Grant grew up in a home
where his own father
480
00:25:24,356 --> 00:25:27,669
was very vocal
in his anti‐slavery attitudes.
481
00:25:27,693 --> 00:25:31,172
He is not an abolitionist.
482
00:25:31,196 --> 00:25:34,092
In fact, Grant acquires
from Colonel Dent
483
00:25:34,116 --> 00:25:35,885
a slave, William Jones,
484
00:25:35,909 --> 00:25:38,847
but he's criticized by the Dents
485
00:25:38,871 --> 00:25:40,348
and by their neighbors
486
00:25:40,372 --> 00:25:43,351
for working alongside
the slaves in the fields.
487
00:25:43,375 --> 00:25:47,022
‐ He actually got ridiculed
by some of his neighbors
488
00:25:47,046 --> 00:25:49,816
for being too nice
to his wife's slaves,
489
00:25:49,840 --> 00:25:52,193
that he was not
whipping them enough.
490
00:25:52,217 --> 00:25:54,529
‐ I don't know why a black skin
491
00:25:54,553 --> 00:25:59,367
may not cover a true heart
as well as a white one.
492
00:25:59,391 --> 00:26:02,871
‐ In the late 1850s,
Grant obviously
493
00:26:02,895 --> 00:26:07,417
was already wrestling
with this slavery issue.
494
00:26:07,441 --> 00:26:11,421
‐ And then this new
political party surfaces,
495
00:26:11,445 --> 00:26:13,590
the Republicans,
496
00:26:13,614 --> 00:26:16,217
and they have as their platform
497
00:26:16,241 --> 00:26:18,470
not the abolition of slavery
498
00:26:18,494 --> 00:26:20,638
but to stop slavery
from spreading
499
00:26:20,662 --> 00:26:23,349
to new territories
of the United States.
500
00:26:23,373 --> 00:26:25,935
‐ Slaveholders
don't see it that way,
501
00:26:25,959 --> 00:26:29,564
and they believe that all
Republicans want to end slavery
502
00:26:29,588 --> 00:26:31,566
even in the slaveholding South.
503
00:26:31,590 --> 00:26:36,821
Neither side is happy,
and things start amping up.
504
00:26:36,845 --> 00:26:39,991
‐ Grant found himself caught
in the crossfire
505
00:26:40,015 --> 00:26:44,079
between the abolitionist Grants
and the slave‐owning Dents,
506
00:26:44,103 --> 00:26:46,790
but he had enough reservations
about slavery
507
00:26:46,814 --> 00:26:48,708
that in March 1859
508
00:26:48,732 --> 00:26:52,087
Grant goes to the circuit
court in St. Louis.
509
00:26:52,111 --> 00:26:58,408
‐ Name, age?
‐ Jones, William, 34.
510
00:27:01,203 --> 00:27:02,931
‐ Prices are up.
511
00:27:02,955 --> 00:27:06,267
I've got a friend
that'll get you $1,000 for him.
512
00:27:06,291 --> 00:27:07,519
Are you sure you want
to let him free
513
00:27:07,543 --> 00:27:09,312
when you can make some money?
514
00:27:09,336 --> 00:27:10,796
‐ Yes.
515
00:27:19,513 --> 00:27:22,450
[dramatic music]
516
00:27:22,474 --> 00:27:29,565
♪ ♪
517
00:27:42,703 --> 00:27:44,472
God protect you, William.
518
00:27:44,496 --> 00:27:47,642
♪ ♪
519
00:27:47,666 --> 00:27:50,144
‐ You also, sir.
520
00:27:50,168 --> 00:27:56,693
♪ ♪
521
00:27:56,717 --> 00:27:59,988
‐ Grant sets him free.
522
00:28:00,012 --> 00:28:03,992
When you imagine Grant
restoring freedom
523
00:28:04,016 --> 00:28:05,827
to an enslaved human,
524
00:28:05,851 --> 00:28:08,496
you have to imagine, like,
walking away from your house.
525
00:28:08,520 --> 00:28:10,373
I hate to be
that callous about it,
526
00:28:10,397 --> 00:28:11,916
but you have to imagine
walking away
527
00:28:11,940 --> 00:28:13,751
from the greatest asset
528
00:28:13,775 --> 00:28:17,005
you could possibly have
at a time when you're poor.
529
00:28:17,029 --> 00:28:18,631
You're not gonna sell the house.
530
00:28:18,655 --> 00:28:20,508
You're gonna walk away from it.
531
00:28:20,532 --> 00:28:22,760
Uh, it's a tremendous act
of courage.
532
00:28:22,784 --> 00:28:28,224
♪ ♪
533
00:28:28,248 --> 00:28:31,769
‐ So finally in 1860, one year
before the Civil War,
534
00:28:31,793 --> 00:28:35,899
Grant, in what must have felt
like the ultimate humiliation,
535
00:28:35,923 --> 00:28:40,236
goes to his overbearing father
and begs his father for a job
536
00:28:40,260 --> 00:28:42,822
as a clerk in his father's
leather goods store
537
00:28:42,846 --> 00:28:46,034
in Bologna, Illinois.
538
00:28:46,058 --> 00:28:48,620
He is bored and restless.
539
00:28:48,644 --> 00:28:54,667
He seems destined for a life
of complete obscurity.
540
00:28:54,691 --> 00:28:58,046
‐ During that time
there's an idealistic visionary
541
00:28:58,070 --> 00:29:01,716
from the west
beginning to emerge
542
00:29:01,740 --> 00:29:04,719
with a special kind
of speaking ability,
543
00:29:04,743 --> 00:29:07,931
who could translate
a sort of folksy,
544
00:29:07,955 --> 00:29:11,225
homespun understanding
of American affairs
545
00:29:11,249 --> 00:29:13,394
to the wider public,
546
00:29:13,418 --> 00:29:15,480
and he becomes
the Republican Party's
547
00:29:15,504 --> 00:29:18,775
standard bearer
in the election of 1860,
548
00:29:18,799 --> 00:29:20,902
and that man
was Abraham Lincoln.
549
00:29:20,926 --> 00:29:24,155
♪ ♪
550
00:29:24,179 --> 00:29:27,450
‐ I wanted to see
Mr. Lincoln elected.
551
00:29:27,474 --> 00:29:29,243
Excitement ran high,
552
00:29:29,267 --> 00:29:34,248
and torch‐led processions
enlivened the street.
553
00:29:34,272 --> 00:29:38,044
‐ As the secession
movement gained traction,
554
00:29:38,068 --> 00:29:40,463
Grant was like many northerners
555
00:29:40,487 --> 00:29:42,924
and a sizeable number
of southerners
556
00:29:42,948 --> 00:29:46,260
who wondered what we could do
to keep the Union together.
557
00:29:46,284 --> 00:29:48,638
He didn't want the Union
to break up.
558
00:29:48,662 --> 00:29:50,515
He thought that
would be a disaster.
559
00:29:50,539 --> 00:29:54,477
‐ I still had hopes for the
extreme pro‐slavery sentiment
560
00:29:54,501 --> 00:29:56,771
to cool down,
561
00:29:56,795 --> 00:29:59,774
but I was mistaken.
562
00:29:59,798 --> 00:30:03,152
‐ The election
of Abraham Lincoln in 1860
563
00:30:03,176 --> 00:30:08,658
is a direct‐‐
direct assault on the South.
564
00:30:08,682 --> 00:30:12,120
The South is feeling
completely under attack,
565
00:30:12,144 --> 00:30:14,622
that the new government
is going to come in,
566
00:30:14,646 --> 00:30:17,291
and they're gonna take away
all their slaves,
567
00:30:17,315 --> 00:30:19,961
and we're not gonna be
a part of a country
568
00:30:19,985 --> 00:30:23,006
that isn't going to help
preserve our way of life.
569
00:30:23,030 --> 00:30:25,675
Now we've gone and elected
this guy
570
00:30:25,699 --> 00:30:28,219
from out
in the middle of Illinois,
571
00:30:28,243 --> 00:30:31,472
this little know‐nothing
lawyer...
572
00:30:31,496 --> 00:30:35,143
♪ ♪
573
00:30:35,167 --> 00:30:37,645
And it's on.
574
00:30:37,669 --> 00:30:39,856
‐ A few days after
Lincoln's election,
575
00:30:39,880 --> 00:30:43,317
South Caroline calls
for a secession convention,
576
00:30:43,341 --> 00:30:45,153
and on December the 20th, 1860,
577
00:30:45,177 --> 00:30:49,449
they pull themselves
out of the Union.
578
00:30:49,473 --> 00:30:51,659
Mississippi and Florida
are the second
579
00:30:51,683 --> 00:30:53,995
and third states to follow.
580
00:30:54,019 --> 00:30:57,999
By February 1861,
seven deep Southern states
581
00:30:58,023 --> 00:31:01,586
have left the union to form
the Confederate States.
582
00:31:01,610 --> 00:31:05,423
Four additional states
will leave after the firing
583
00:31:05,447 --> 00:31:07,258
on Fort Sumter.
584
00:31:07,282 --> 00:31:09,677
‐ When Southern coastal
states seceded,
585
00:31:09,701 --> 00:31:12,180
they considered all
of the forts property
586
00:31:12,204 --> 00:31:13,473
of the Confederacy.
587
00:31:13,497 --> 00:31:14,682
Obviously the federal government
588
00:31:14,706 --> 00:31:15,933
didn't see it that way,
589
00:31:15,957 --> 00:31:17,685
and Lincoln said
he would possess,
590
00:31:17,709 --> 00:31:19,771
hold, and occupy
federal property.
591
00:31:19,795 --> 00:31:22,648
The Confederates wanted
the Union soldiers to leave.
592
00:31:22,672 --> 00:31:26,277
They would not, and the South
opened fire to bombard
593
00:31:26,301 --> 00:31:28,029
Fort Sumter into submission.
594
00:31:28,053 --> 00:31:31,074
[explosions]
595
00:31:31,098 --> 00:31:33,242
‐ The war breaks out,
596
00:31:33,266 --> 00:31:36,537
and the United States
government is desperate
597
00:31:36,561 --> 00:31:38,873
for anyone who's had any kind
of military experience.
598
00:31:38,897 --> 00:31:42,043
‐ Lincoln calls for
75,000 volunteers
599
00:31:42,067 --> 00:31:44,378
to suppress the rebellion.
600
00:31:44,402 --> 00:31:45,880
‐ Most people in the North
601
00:31:45,904 --> 00:31:47,590
thought this would be
a short event.
602
00:31:47,614 --> 00:31:50,093
The Union would
win this war quickly
603
00:31:50,117 --> 00:31:51,427
with its military might,
604
00:31:51,451 --> 00:31:53,930
with its railroads,
with its brave soldiers.
605
00:31:53,954 --> 00:31:57,058
‐ Back in Galena, Illinois,
Grant has a friend,
606
00:31:57,082 --> 00:31:59,727
John Rawlins,
who has received a commission
607
00:31:59,751 --> 00:32:03,588
from the governor
to organize a regiment.
608
00:32:04,422 --> 00:32:08,069
[door closes]
609
00:32:08,093 --> 00:32:10,238
‐ It's damn suicide,
don't you think?
610
00:32:10,262 --> 00:32:12,240
‐ I'd give them 90 days,
611
00:32:12,264 --> 00:32:14,367
but then again,
the South can claim
612
00:32:14,391 --> 00:32:17,578
more than half the officers
at West Point,
613
00:32:17,602 --> 00:32:19,122
and I've seen them in Mexico.
614
00:32:19,146 --> 00:32:21,833
Quick on counterattacks,
615
00:32:21,857 --> 00:32:24,293
know the terrain.
616
00:32:24,317 --> 00:32:26,170
Can't underestimate them.
617
00:32:26,194 --> 00:32:28,131
[tense music]
618
00:32:28,155 --> 00:32:30,466
‐ I'm speaking at
the courthouse later,
619
00:32:30,490 --> 00:32:32,635
hoping to raise a regiment here.
620
00:32:32,659 --> 00:32:34,470
I'm sure the young men
would respect a soldier
621
00:32:34,494 --> 00:32:37,473
with your experience.
‐ Mm.
622
00:32:37,497 --> 00:32:39,142
I'm no speaker.
623
00:32:39,166 --> 00:32:40,434
‐ Oh, hell,
624
00:32:40,458 --> 00:32:42,770
I'm not asking you to speak.
625
00:32:42,794 --> 00:32:46,190
♪ ♪
626
00:32:46,214 --> 00:32:48,526
I'm asking you to lead.
627
00:32:48,550 --> 00:32:52,113
♪ ♪
628
00:32:52,137 --> 00:32:54,282
[door opens and shuts]
629
00:32:54,306 --> 00:33:01,313
♪ ♪
630
00:33:04,691 --> 00:33:08,045
[distant shouting]
631
00:33:08,069 --> 00:33:11,132
‐ The call of the
President for 75,000 men
632
00:33:11,156 --> 00:33:13,801
was heard throughout
the northern states.
633
00:33:13,825 --> 00:33:16,804
[tense music]
634
00:33:16,828 --> 00:33:18,306
♪ ♪
635
00:33:18,330 --> 00:33:20,892
There were but two parties now,
636
00:33:20,916 --> 00:33:23,853
traitors and patriots.
637
00:33:23,877 --> 00:33:25,813
♪ ♪
638
00:33:25,837 --> 00:33:29,108
‐ We don't see a lot
of expressions of emotion
639
00:33:29,132 --> 00:33:33,070
from Grant until we talk
about the South seceding,
640
00:33:33,094 --> 00:33:35,406
rebelling against
the United States of America.
641
00:33:35,430 --> 00:33:39,911
This‐‐this grinds
at Ulysses S. Grant.
642
00:33:39,935 --> 00:33:41,746
He grows up listening
about his relatives
643
00:33:41,770 --> 00:33:43,748
fighting in the revolution,
644
00:33:43,772 --> 00:33:46,834
and so he is very emotional
about this idea of traitors.
645
00:33:46,858 --> 00:33:50,087
‐ Dear Father,
my inclination is to whip
646
00:33:50,111 --> 00:33:52,089
the rebellion into submission.
647
00:33:52,113 --> 00:33:54,050
‐ When Jefferson Davis
is sworn in
648
00:33:54,074 --> 00:33:55,968
as Confederate president,
649
00:33:55,992 --> 00:34:00,556
Grant is so upset by it that
he shakes his fist in the air
650
00:34:00,580 --> 00:34:05,853
and says, "Davis and the whole
gang of them ought to be hung."
651
00:34:05,877 --> 00:34:07,563
♪ ♪
652
00:34:07,587 --> 00:34:09,232
‐ Many people
in the United States
653
00:34:09,256 --> 00:34:10,942
thought that this experiment
654
00:34:10,966 --> 00:34:13,319
that the founding fathers
had put in place
655
00:34:13,343 --> 00:34:15,655
was in fact still an experiment
656
00:34:15,679 --> 00:34:17,615
and was in jeopardy,
657
00:34:17,639 --> 00:34:20,618
and this notion of fighting
for the Union was tied up
658
00:34:20,642 --> 00:34:24,497
in believing that what
the founders had created
659
00:34:24,521 --> 00:34:28,542
was in fact worth fighting for
and worth saving,
660
00:34:28,566 --> 00:34:31,003
and that's why so many men
were willing
661
00:34:31,027 --> 00:34:35,967
to risk their lives
to fight for the Union.
662
00:34:35,991 --> 00:34:37,426
‐ Beginning of the war,
663
00:34:37,450 --> 00:34:39,679
we have about 31 million people
664
00:34:39,703 --> 00:34:41,138
in the United States.
665
00:34:41,162 --> 00:34:43,808
About 21 million
live in the North.
666
00:34:43,832 --> 00:34:46,143
About 10 million of them
live in the South,
667
00:34:46,167 --> 00:34:49,313
but in the South about four
million of them are slaves,
668
00:34:49,337 --> 00:34:54,360
so it's really 6 million
against 21 million.
669
00:34:54,384 --> 00:34:57,780
The South is 80% agricultural,
but what do they grow?
670
00:34:57,804 --> 00:35:01,534
Tobacco, cotton,
indigo, rice, corn.
671
00:35:01,558 --> 00:35:03,869
Well, you can only eat
two of those.
672
00:35:03,893 --> 00:35:07,957
From people to manufacturing
to technology,
673
00:35:07,981 --> 00:35:11,669
the North has all
the advantages over the South,
674
00:35:11,693 --> 00:35:13,796
but that doesn't make it
a foregone conclusion
675
00:35:13,820 --> 00:35:15,256
about who will win
676
00:35:15,280 --> 00:35:17,675
because ultimately,
war is a clash of wills,
677
00:35:17,699 --> 00:35:19,635
and in this clash of wills,
678
00:35:19,659 --> 00:35:22,638
maybe, just maybe
the South would win.
679
00:35:22,662 --> 00:35:26,309
♪ ♪
680
00:35:26,333 --> 00:35:27,727
‐ After southern secession,
681
00:35:27,751 --> 00:35:29,353
the federal government
682
00:35:29,377 --> 00:35:32,356
was looking for a commander,
683
00:35:32,380 --> 00:35:34,317
this new Union army
684
00:35:34,341 --> 00:35:37,695
that was going to try
to restore the republic.
685
00:35:37,719 --> 00:35:39,447
The first name
that comes to mind
686
00:35:39,471 --> 00:35:42,992
is Robert E. Lee,
a Virginian.
687
00:35:43,016 --> 00:35:45,786
‐ Lee was offered
the command of the Union army
688
00:35:45,810 --> 00:35:47,747
and, of course,
did some deep thinking
689
00:35:47,771 --> 00:35:49,707
and then decided
that his allegiance
690
00:35:49,731 --> 00:35:52,460
was to the South and Virginia.
691
00:35:52,484 --> 00:35:54,378
[dramatic music]
692
00:35:54,402 --> 00:35:56,213
‐ Ulysses S. Grant,
however,
693
00:35:56,237 --> 00:35:59,717
starts the Civil War
as a nobody,
694
00:35:59,741 --> 00:36:02,011
but he gets a big break
when the governor of Illinois
695
00:36:02,035 --> 00:36:05,222
appoints him as commander of
one of the Illinois regiments,
696
00:36:05,246 --> 00:36:08,667
and that will start
his military career again.
697
00:36:09,876 --> 00:36:11,854
‐ And so having come
from the tannery
698
00:36:11,878 --> 00:36:15,191
and now having this window
of opportunity with this war
699
00:36:15,215 --> 00:36:17,652
to get back in the army,
to take command,
700
00:36:17,676 --> 00:36:20,696
he recognizes that
"I must seize it," and he does.
701
00:36:20,720 --> 00:36:23,157
‐ Grant comes out
of a series of failures
702
00:36:23,181 --> 00:36:24,784
in his civilian life.
703
00:36:24,808 --> 00:36:28,454
At one point, he has
to literally sell his watch
704
00:36:28,478 --> 00:36:31,582
to buy Christmas presents
for his wife and children,
705
00:36:31,606 --> 00:36:34,919
and now all of a sudden
he's back in uniform.
706
00:36:34,943 --> 00:36:36,545
‐ Grant comes in
with a firm hand.
707
00:36:36,569 --> 00:36:38,631
He whips this regiment
into shape,
708
00:36:38,655 --> 00:36:42,409
and people start realizing
maybe we've got something here.
709
00:36:43,993 --> 00:36:47,390
‐ In the military,
he was home again.
710
00:36:47,414 --> 00:36:48,891
There was something
about the way
711
00:36:48,915 --> 00:36:51,936
he unsheathed his sword,
the way he gave orders
712
00:36:51,960 --> 00:36:55,046
that people suddenly
listened to and obeyed.
713
00:36:57,006 --> 00:36:59,151
‐ Very soon after the war began,
714
00:36:59,175 --> 00:37:03,030
Grant gets orders to take
his men into Kentucky,
715
00:37:03,054 --> 00:37:07,451
as much for political reasons
as for military reasons.
716
00:37:07,475 --> 00:37:09,787
‐ Kentucky is one of
four slaveholding states
717
00:37:09,811 --> 00:37:12,748
that will remain
precariously tethered
718
00:37:12,772 --> 00:37:14,250
to the Union throughout the war.
719
00:37:14,274 --> 00:37:17,545
We called those
the border states.
720
00:37:17,569 --> 00:37:19,380
‐ Abraham Lincoln
was very concerned
721
00:37:19,404 --> 00:37:22,091
about keeping Kentucky
in the Union.
722
00:37:22,115 --> 00:37:24,552
He said, "To lose Kentucky
is nearly the same
723
00:37:24,576 --> 00:37:26,345
as to lose the whole game."
724
00:37:26,369 --> 00:37:27,930
He thought the other
border states
725
00:37:27,954 --> 00:37:30,558
might follow suit as well.
726
00:37:30,582 --> 00:37:35,146
And then a Confederate army
marched into Kentucky,
727
00:37:35,170 --> 00:37:39,442
so Grant moves as fast as he
can to Paducah, Kentucky.
728
00:37:39,466 --> 00:37:42,445
[tense music]
729
00:37:42,469 --> 00:37:49,559
♪ ♪
730
00:37:52,437 --> 00:37:54,540
‐ Dear Julia,
731
00:37:54,564 --> 00:37:57,042
secession flags
were flying through Paducah
732
00:37:57,066 --> 00:38:00,463
in anticipation
of Southern troops.
733
00:38:00,487 --> 00:38:04,925
Our arrival, therefore, put
quite a damper on their hopes.
734
00:38:04,949 --> 00:38:11,956
♪ ♪
735
00:38:16,795 --> 00:38:18,314
‐ [whispering]
Come away from the window.
736
00:38:18,338 --> 00:38:20,483
Those are Yankees.
737
00:38:20,507 --> 00:38:23,027
♪ ♪
738
00:38:23,051 --> 00:38:25,321
‐ General, it's time.
Troops are moving in.
739
00:38:25,345 --> 00:38:32,352
♪ ♪
740
00:38:35,355 --> 00:38:38,709
‐ Citizens of Paducah,
I have come among you
741
00:38:38,733 --> 00:38:40,628
not as your enemy
but as your friend
742
00:38:40,652 --> 00:38:45,341
and fellow citizen,
not to injure or annoy you
743
00:38:45,365 --> 00:38:47,551
but to respect the rights
and to defend
744
00:38:47,575 --> 00:38:52,515
and enforce the rights
of all loyal citizens.
745
00:38:52,539 --> 00:38:56,560
‐ Grant issues a proclamation
to try to quell civilian fear,
746
00:38:56,584 --> 00:38:58,896
and Abraham Lincoln takes note.
747
00:38:58,920 --> 00:39:02,483
Lincoln right away saw that
proclamation and recognized,
748
00:39:02,507 --> 00:39:06,320
"Here's a man who understands
people and is plain‐spoken,
749
00:39:06,344 --> 00:39:08,680
just like me."
750
00:39:10,306 --> 00:39:13,536
‐ Grant successfully
occupied Paducah, Kentucky
751
00:39:13,560 --> 00:39:15,204
without a shot being fired,
752
00:39:15,228 --> 00:39:17,164
and so he gets orders to attack
753
00:39:17,188 --> 00:39:20,251
a Confederate supply link
on the Mississippi River
754
00:39:20,275 --> 00:39:23,045
at the small village of Belmont.
755
00:39:23,069 --> 00:39:24,922
Belmont is very important.
756
00:39:24,946 --> 00:39:28,968
It's Grant's first real test
of combat in the Civil War.
757
00:39:28,992 --> 00:39:30,761
‐ My dear Julia,
758
00:39:30,785 --> 00:39:33,681
what you are to look out for
I cannot tell you,
759
00:39:33,705 --> 00:39:36,392
but your husband will never
disgrace you
760
00:39:36,416 --> 00:39:39,019
nor leave a defeated field.
761
00:39:39,043 --> 00:39:46,050
♪ ♪
762
00:40:02,191 --> 00:40:05,045
‐ Captain, flush
these rebels out now.
763
00:40:05,069 --> 00:40:06,088
Go on.
Go.
764
00:40:06,112 --> 00:40:07,339
‐ Yes, sir.
765
00:40:07,363 --> 00:40:08,632
‐ Whoo, let them
taste this steel!
766
00:40:08,656 --> 00:40:10,801
‐ Form up!
On me!
767
00:40:10,825 --> 00:40:13,804
[all shouting]
768
00:40:13,828 --> 00:40:16,807
[gunfire]
769
00:40:16,831 --> 00:40:19,959
[all shouting]
770
00:40:28,927 --> 00:40:30,571
‐ Find the ammunition, boys!
771
00:40:30,595 --> 00:40:33,115
[tense music]
772
00:40:33,139 --> 00:40:35,326
‐ The Confederates abandoned
their camp,
773
00:40:35,350 --> 00:40:38,704
and these Union forces,
these are guys who just fought
774
00:40:38,728 --> 00:40:41,624
their first battle,
very light casualties,
775
00:40:41,648 --> 00:40:45,336
and so they are euphoric
at this point.
776
00:40:45,360 --> 00:40:48,839
‐ Grant has won, seemingly,
a significant victory here,
777
00:40:48,863 --> 00:40:52,134
but his troops
lose all discipline.
778
00:40:52,158 --> 00:40:55,429
[horse whinnies]
‐ Don't mind if I do!
779
00:40:55,453 --> 00:40:58,057
‐ Show me that blood
on your hands!
780
00:40:58,081 --> 00:41:00,267
[all shouting]
781
00:41:00,291 --> 00:41:04,063
‐ Hey, boys, look what I found.
782
00:41:04,087 --> 00:41:10,027
‐ Captain, control your men!
‐ Yes, sir!
783
00:41:10,051 --> 00:41:12,112
‐ Now I can hit them Yankees.
784
00:41:12,136 --> 00:41:13,906
[gunshot]
785
00:41:13,930 --> 00:41:15,658
‐ Run!
786
00:41:15,682 --> 00:41:16,682
[horse whinnying]
787
00:41:19,310 --> 00:41:21,580
[all shouting]
788
00:41:21,604 --> 00:41:24,124
‐ Captain, control your men!
789
00:41:24,148 --> 00:41:26,085
‐ Yes, sir!
790
00:41:26,109 --> 00:41:28,754
‐ At Grant's first
engagement at Belmont,
791
00:41:28,778 --> 00:41:31,507
the Confederates
counterattacked.
792
00:41:31,531 --> 00:41:34,510
[gunfire]
793
00:41:34,534 --> 00:41:36,595
[all shouting]
794
00:41:36,619 --> 00:41:38,263
‐ Into the trees!
795
00:41:38,287 --> 00:41:40,641
We cut our way in.
We cut our way out.
796
00:41:40,665 --> 00:41:43,310
‐ Keep your head down!
‐ Into the trees!
797
00:41:43,334 --> 00:41:44,979
‐ They organized
a fighting retreat
798
00:41:45,003 --> 00:41:46,647
north to the riverboats
799
00:41:46,671 --> 00:41:49,441
that were going to give them
their means of escape.
800
00:41:49,465 --> 00:41:51,819
Grant was the last man
to get on board ship.
801
00:41:51,843 --> 00:41:53,654
The boat had already untied
802
00:41:53,678 --> 00:41:55,656
and was starting to drift
out into the river,
803
00:41:55,680 --> 00:41:58,200
and Grant actually
rode his horse
804
00:41:58,224 --> 00:42:01,495
across the gangplank
onto the riverboat.
805
00:42:01,519 --> 00:42:04,498
It was an amazing feat
of horsemanship,
806
00:42:04,522 --> 00:42:07,501
and Grant, in his typical
self‐deprecating style,
807
00:42:07,525 --> 00:42:11,505
he gave all the credit
to the horse.
808
00:42:11,529 --> 00:42:13,966
He made some serious mistakes.
809
00:42:13,990 --> 00:42:18,512
He lost control of his men,
but he is learning,
810
00:42:18,536 --> 00:42:19,972
and coming out
of the Battle of Belmont,
811
00:42:19,996 --> 00:42:21,765
he's looking for the next fight.
812
00:42:21,789 --> 00:42:25,019
[tense music]
813
00:42:25,043 --> 00:42:27,271
‐ In the early years of the war
814
00:42:27,295 --> 00:42:30,524
there are really
two distinct theaters.
815
00:42:30,548 --> 00:42:32,568
You have the eastern theater,
816
00:42:32,592 --> 00:42:36,321
where a series of different
Union commanders prove
817
00:42:36,345 --> 00:42:40,034
incapable of really putting
the pressure on the South
818
00:42:40,058 --> 00:42:43,871
that President Lincoln
wants to see,
819
00:42:43,895 --> 00:42:45,664
and then you have
the western theater,
820
00:42:45,688 --> 00:42:47,458
which is where Grant is.
821
00:42:47,482 --> 00:42:49,960
‐ In that western theater,
the Union's strategy
822
00:42:49,984 --> 00:42:51,712
is going to be
823
00:42:51,736 --> 00:42:54,840
to occupy key transportation
facilities in the west,
824
00:42:54,864 --> 00:42:57,926
open up the entire Mississippi
if they can,
825
00:42:57,950 --> 00:43:00,345
and it was rather simple
to look on a map
826
00:43:00,369 --> 00:43:03,182
where the Confederate
strong points were
827
00:43:03,206 --> 00:43:05,893
and see where
the dominoes might fall.
828
00:43:05,917 --> 00:43:09,063
Grant could plainly see
that the most obvious ones‐‐
829
00:43:09,087 --> 00:43:10,689
the northernmost ones‐‐
830
00:43:10,713 --> 00:43:13,859
were clearly
Forts Henry and Donelson.
831
00:43:13,883 --> 00:43:15,694
They commanded key rivers,
832
00:43:15,718 --> 00:43:17,696
and he could use
those key rivers
833
00:43:17,720 --> 00:43:22,409
to advance directly
into the Confederacy.
834
00:43:22,433 --> 00:43:25,329
‐ Grant wants to get
this war moving.
835
00:43:25,353 --> 00:43:28,791
He doesn't believe sitting in
garrison is gonna win anything,
836
00:43:28,815 --> 00:43:31,418
so he makes a proposal
to his commander,
837
00:43:31,442 --> 00:43:33,212
General Henry Halleck.
838
00:43:33,236 --> 00:43:40,284
♪ ♪
839
00:43:51,796 --> 00:43:56,050
‐ General Halleck,
it's an honor.
840
00:44:05,601 --> 00:44:08,479
‐ State briefly
the nature of your business.
841
00:44:10,565 --> 00:44:12,793
‐ My division is stationed
here in Carroll
842
00:44:12,817 --> 00:44:14,962
on the Cumberland River,
843
00:44:14,986 --> 00:44:16,922
where we've been sizing up
a naval assault
844
00:44:16,946 --> 00:44:21,576
on two enemy forts,
Fort Henry and Fort Donelson.
845
00:44:36,674 --> 00:44:39,135
‐ Continue.
846
00:44:41,470 --> 00:44:42,781
‐ Fort Henry is badly sited
847
00:44:42,805 --> 00:44:44,741
and vulnerable from the water.
848
00:44:44,765 --> 00:44:45,993
Fort Donelson is stronger
849
00:44:46,017 --> 00:44:48,829
but commanded
by General John Floyd,
850
00:44:48,853 --> 00:44:50,563
and he's no soldier.
851
00:44:52,064 --> 00:44:53,834
I believe if I can
take both forts,
852
00:44:53,858 --> 00:44:59,131
we can advance as far
as Nashville and Alabama.
853
00:44:59,155 --> 00:45:01,925
‐ A combined naval assault?
854
00:45:01,949 --> 00:45:05,203
‐ The victories would
be yours, sir.
855
00:45:06,329 --> 00:45:07,705
‐ Thank you.
856
00:45:14,420 --> 00:45:17,524
But when I wish
to consult you on a subject,
857
00:45:17,548 --> 00:45:19,359
I will notify you.
858
00:45:19,383 --> 00:45:23,030
[dramatic music]
859
00:45:23,054 --> 00:45:24,573
‐ Yes, sir.
860
00:45:24,597 --> 00:45:29,578
♪ ♪
861
00:45:29,602 --> 00:45:32,831
[door opening and shutting]
862
00:45:32,855 --> 00:45:37,044
♪ ♪
863
00:45:37,068 --> 00:45:39,338
‐ They called Halleck
"Old Brains."
864
00:45:39,362 --> 00:45:41,882
They don't call him
that for nothing.
865
00:45:41,906 --> 00:45:45,260
He wants everything done
absolutely by the book,
866
00:45:45,284 --> 00:45:49,181
and Grant is not
a by‐the‐book kind of guy.
867
00:45:49,205 --> 00:45:51,225
No limelight, no fanfare,
868
00:45:51,249 --> 00:45:53,560
and forget the pomp
and circumstance.
869
00:45:53,584 --> 00:45:57,856
We're just gonna get it done,
and so the two clash.
870
00:45:57,880 --> 00:45:59,900
Grant,
with his bulldog mentality,
871
00:45:59,924 --> 00:46:03,320
immediately turns to what
I call his naval soul mate,
872
00:46:03,344 --> 00:46:04,905
Andrew H. Foote,
873
00:46:04,929 --> 00:46:07,241
the naval commander
of the western flotilla
874
00:46:07,265 --> 00:46:09,076
with ironclad gunboats.
875
00:46:09,100 --> 00:46:11,411
‐ So the two of them
jointly made a proposal
876
00:46:11,435 --> 00:46:14,748
to General Halleck
to move against Fort Henry.
877
00:46:14,772 --> 00:46:17,084
‐ They're begging Halleck,
prodding Halleck.
878
00:46:17,108 --> 00:46:19,044
"Please, turn us loose.
Let us go,"
879
00:46:19,068 --> 00:46:21,380
and it's only by
the slimmest margins
880
00:46:21,404 --> 00:46:25,175
that Halleck allows
Grant to attack.
881
00:46:25,199 --> 00:46:27,636
‐ It's very different
to be in charge.
882
00:46:27,660 --> 00:46:31,306
Command is
an extraordinary privilege
883
00:46:31,330 --> 00:46:32,933
and the weight of responsibility
884
00:46:32,957 --> 00:46:35,102
is very much on your shoulders,
885
00:46:35,126 --> 00:46:39,856
and Grant experiences this
as he approaches Fort Henry.
886
00:46:39,880 --> 00:46:41,984
[tense music]
887
00:46:42,008 --> 00:46:43,777
‐ So February the 6th,
888
00:46:43,801 --> 00:46:46,405
Foote's gunboats begin
to shell Fort Henry.
889
00:46:46,429 --> 00:46:48,407
‐ The infantry's gonna get
behind each fort,
890
00:46:48,431 --> 00:46:50,450
seal in
the Confederate defenders
891
00:46:50,474 --> 00:46:54,812
while the navy just pummels
Fort Henry into submission.
892
00:46:55,688 --> 00:46:59,710
‐ Most of the Confederates
had already evacuated.
893
00:46:59,734 --> 00:47:02,754
Fort Henry surrenders
before Grant's men
894
00:47:02,778 --> 00:47:05,090
even get close to the fort.
895
00:47:05,114 --> 00:47:07,968
The capture of Fort Henry
was significant,
896
00:47:07,992 --> 00:47:12,472
but Grant is not gonna sit
and rest on his laurels.
897
00:47:12,496 --> 00:47:16,601
Fort Donelson was only
about 12 miles to the east.
898
00:47:16,625 --> 00:47:19,396
He keeps the ball moving.
899
00:47:19,420 --> 00:47:21,690
‐ Grant's thinking,
"All I have to do is say boo,
900
00:47:21,714 --> 00:47:23,817
and they'll‐‐
they'll surrender,"
901
00:47:23,841 --> 00:47:26,653
and, um, it doesn't
really happen that way.
902
00:47:26,677 --> 00:47:28,488
[booming]
903
00:47:28,512 --> 00:47:31,366
‐ Fort Donelson was in
a much better position,
904
00:47:31,390 --> 00:47:35,329
much better engineered
than Fort Henry.
905
00:47:35,353 --> 00:47:38,665
An artillery duel began between
the fort and his gunboats,
906
00:47:38,689 --> 00:47:41,501
and in short, the fort won.
907
00:47:41,525 --> 00:47:44,379
‐ The Confederates came out
of the fort to counterattack...
908
00:47:44,403 --> 00:47:46,423
[all shouting]
909
00:47:46,447 --> 00:47:49,343
And the first thing
Grant does is not panic.
910
00:47:49,367 --> 00:47:50,677
That's a pattern with Grant.
911
00:47:50,701 --> 00:47:52,429
No matter what happens,
912
00:47:52,453 --> 00:47:55,307
no matter how bad it gets,
Grant doesn't panic.
913
00:47:55,331 --> 00:47:56,516
‐ In the midst of the battle,
914
00:47:56,540 --> 00:47:57,976
which is truly chaotic,
915
00:47:58,000 --> 00:48:00,020
Grant keeps his wits about him.
916
00:48:00,044 --> 00:48:01,563
He actually thinks.
917
00:48:01,587 --> 00:48:05,192
He can take input.
He can change his mind.
918
00:48:05,216 --> 00:48:07,319
‐ At Fort Donelson,
Grant will figure out
919
00:48:07,343 --> 00:48:09,696
these Confederates are moving
with their knapsacks.
920
00:48:09,720 --> 00:48:11,156
They're not intending
on going back.
921
00:48:11,180 --> 00:48:12,866
They're getting out of here.
922
00:48:12,890 --> 00:48:15,869
[booming]
923
00:48:15,893 --> 00:48:18,747
[all shouting]
924
00:48:18,771 --> 00:48:21,750
[gunfire]
925
00:48:21,774 --> 00:48:24,819
[booming]
926
00:48:26,404 --> 00:48:29,615
‐ Bring me that prisoner.
Show me his bag.
927
00:48:32,701 --> 00:48:35,514
This looks like
two days' rations...
928
00:48:35,538 --> 00:48:37,724
No, three.
929
00:48:37,748 --> 00:48:38,850
‐ Looks like they're settling in
930
00:48:38,874 --> 00:48:40,227
to hold their position.
931
00:48:40,251 --> 00:48:42,396
‐ Looks like that,
but it's a retreat.
932
00:48:42,420 --> 00:48:45,232
Three days of rations is just
enough to get to Nashville.
933
00:48:45,256 --> 00:48:48,568
‐ Sir, we should reinforce the
right and wait till nightfall.
934
00:48:48,592 --> 00:48:50,904
‐ If we wait,
they'll have time to escape.
935
00:48:50,928 --> 00:48:54,950
We got to attack now,
and we can take this victory.
936
00:48:54,974 --> 00:48:56,660
Form your lines.
937
00:48:56,684 --> 00:48:58,412
‐ Sir.
938
00:48:58,436 --> 00:49:01,289
Form your lines!
939
00:49:01,313 --> 00:49:03,041
Form your lines!
940
00:49:03,065 --> 00:49:05,710
[booming]
941
00:49:05,734 --> 00:49:07,695
‐ Prepare to advance!
942
00:49:10,656 --> 00:49:13,593
[dramatic music]
943
00:49:13,617 --> 00:49:20,666
♪ ♪
944
00:49:50,905 --> 00:49:52,299
[booming]
[horse whinnying]
945
00:49:52,323 --> 00:49:53,884
[all laughing]
946
00:49:53,908 --> 00:49:57,721
[booming]
947
00:49:57,745 --> 00:50:02,851
‐ They want an armistice
and terms for surrender.
948
00:50:02,875 --> 00:50:05,562
We've broken their defenses,
surrounded the fort,
949
00:50:05,586 --> 00:50:08,356
and outnumber them
almost two to one.
950
00:50:08,380 --> 00:50:11,318
It's checkmate.
951
00:50:11,342 --> 00:50:14,428
‐ Who signed the note?
‐ General Buckner.
952
00:50:15,554 --> 00:50:19,659
‐ Oh, Buckner.
953
00:50:19,683 --> 00:50:23,163
I know him from West Point.
954
00:50:23,187 --> 00:50:26,082
He paid off one of my debts
back in New York.
955
00:50:26,106 --> 00:50:28,960
Saved me, really.
956
00:50:28,984 --> 00:50:32,005
Helped me get back to my family.
957
00:50:32,029 --> 00:50:34,782
‐ Then what are your terms?
958
00:50:39,286 --> 00:50:43,225
‐ Immediate
and unconditional surrender,
959
00:50:43,249 --> 00:50:46,085
or we fire on their works.
960
00:50:49,380 --> 00:50:51,942
[tense music]
961
00:50:51,966 --> 00:50:55,195
‐ At Fort Donelson, Grant
had organized a counterattack.
962
00:50:55,219 --> 00:50:58,031
The Confederates withdrew back
into the fort,
963
00:50:58,055 --> 00:51:00,325
and they're trapped.
964
00:51:00,349 --> 00:51:01,868
‐ When Grant got the message,
965
00:51:01,892 --> 00:51:03,620
"Hey, I want to talk
about surrender,"
966
00:51:03,644 --> 00:51:06,540
the Confederate command
situation at Fort Donelson
967
00:51:06,564 --> 00:51:09,793
had been an absolute
comedy of errors.
968
00:51:09,817 --> 00:51:14,089
There had been three general
officers inside Fort Donelson,
969
00:51:14,113 --> 00:51:17,592
John Floyd, Gideon Pillow,
970
00:51:17,616 --> 00:51:21,263
and Grant's old friend,
Simon Bolivar Buckner.
971
00:51:21,287 --> 00:51:25,642
But when the idea comes
to surrender, Floyd says,
972
00:51:25,666 --> 00:51:27,561
"There is nobody
in the Confederacy
973
00:51:27,585 --> 00:51:29,521
that they want worse than me,"
974
00:51:29,545 --> 00:51:31,398
and so he says,
"I'm not surrendering,"
975
00:51:31,422 --> 00:51:34,234
and he'll get out of Dodge.
976
00:51:34,258 --> 00:51:36,570
The second in command
is Gideon Pillow.
977
00:51:36,594 --> 00:51:39,864
He thinks he's the greatest
military commander ever,
978
00:51:39,888 --> 00:51:41,408
and Pillow says,
979
00:51:41,432 --> 00:51:43,076
"They want me as well,
so I'm not surrendering,"
980
00:51:43,100 --> 00:51:45,704
so he gets out as well,
turning the command over
981
00:51:45,728 --> 00:51:49,082
to the third in command,
Simon Buckner.
982
00:51:49,106 --> 00:51:51,751
‐ Surrender
was the proper thing.
983
00:51:51,775 --> 00:51:55,463
I rode to Buckner's
headquarters.
984
00:51:55,487 --> 00:51:59,968
[door opening]
985
00:51:59,992 --> 00:52:01,970
[door closing]
986
00:52:01,994 --> 00:52:03,662
General Buckner.
987
00:52:09,376 --> 00:52:10,979
‐ You would not have
taken the fort so easily
988
00:52:11,003 --> 00:52:12,713
if I'd been in command.
989
00:52:13,672 --> 00:52:15,317
‐ You're right.
990
00:52:15,341 --> 00:52:17,343
I would have
done it differently.
991
00:52:21,305 --> 00:52:24,284
I assume Floyd
and Pillow got away.
992
00:52:24,308 --> 00:52:28,622
‐ Last night, yellow bastards.
993
00:52:28,646 --> 00:52:31,291
Pillow feared
you'd want him prisoner.
994
00:52:31,315 --> 00:52:33,501
‐ In my humblest opinion,
he's more valuable to me
995
00:52:33,525 --> 00:52:35,152
as a Southern general.
996
00:52:42,868 --> 00:52:46,473
‐ Well, here we are, old friend.
997
00:52:46,497 --> 00:52:48,558
‐ Here we are.
998
00:52:48,582 --> 00:52:50,352
‐ About the terms you sent.
999
00:52:50,376 --> 00:52:52,979
‐ No terms.
1000
00:52:53,003 --> 00:52:55,214
Immediate and
unconditional surrender...
1001
00:52:57,675 --> 00:52:59,569
Old friend.
1002
00:52:59,593 --> 00:53:02,489
[tense music]
1003
00:53:02,513 --> 00:53:09,603
♪ ♪
1004
00:53:15,693 --> 00:53:19,798
‐ The first real victory
for the United States
1005
00:53:19,822 --> 00:53:24,886
occurred at Fort Donelson
in February of 1862
1006
00:53:24,910 --> 00:53:27,764
courtesy of Ulysses S. Grant.
1007
00:53:27,788 --> 00:53:30,350
U.S. Grant.
1008
00:53:30,374 --> 00:53:35,689
Useless Grant became
Unconditional Surrender Grant,
1009
00:53:35,713 --> 00:53:39,401
and that thrilled
the northern population.
1010
00:53:39,425 --> 00:53:42,237
It was big news
because nothing good
1011
00:53:42,261 --> 00:53:46,241
had been happening
for the Union in the war.
1012
00:53:46,265 --> 00:53:48,743
‐ In the eastern theater
of the war,
1013
00:53:48,767 --> 00:53:50,370
Lincoln is dealing
with one whining,
1014
00:53:50,394 --> 00:53:53,915
procrastinating general
after another,
1015
00:53:53,939 --> 00:53:55,750
but here's
this Ulysses S. Grant
1016
00:53:55,774 --> 00:53:58,044
out west who's
winning battle after battle,
1017
00:53:58,068 --> 00:54:00,046
and Lincoln is thrilled.
1018
00:54:00,070 --> 00:54:02,882
He rushes to sign the order
promoting Grant
1019
00:54:02,906 --> 00:54:04,509
to major general.
1020
00:54:04,533 --> 00:54:07,095
‐ The first significant
Northern victory
1021
00:54:07,119 --> 00:54:11,891
of the Civil War will launch
Grant to national prominence.
1022
00:54:11,915 --> 00:54:14,811
During the aftermath of
the Battle at Fort Donelson,
1023
00:54:14,835 --> 00:54:18,106
a war correspondent
painted a picture of Grant
1024
00:54:18,130 --> 00:54:19,649
mounted on horseback,
1025
00:54:19,673 --> 00:54:22,736
and in his mouth
is the stub of a cigar.
1026
00:54:22,760 --> 00:54:24,779
As this was the first great
Northern victory
1027
00:54:24,803 --> 00:54:26,740
of the Civil War, fans‐‐
1028
00:54:26,764 --> 00:54:31,453
admirers‐‐
sent him 5,000 cigars,
1029
00:54:31,477 --> 00:54:33,788
and so he started
smoking these things,
1030
00:54:33,812 --> 00:54:37,941
and Grant would smoke
upwards of 20 of these a day.
1031
00:54:39,985 --> 00:54:42,714
‐ For Grant,
the first year goes good.
1032
00:54:42,738 --> 00:54:46,468
If there's a rookie
of the year for the Union side,
1033
00:54:46,492 --> 00:54:47,927
it's Ulysses S. Grant.
1034
00:54:47,951 --> 00:54:50,763
Nobody's wining
the victories like he is.
1035
00:54:50,787 --> 00:54:53,975
‐ He realized again that
he had a gift for this.
1036
00:54:53,999 --> 00:54:57,437
He was very, very good
at battlefield command,
1037
00:54:57,461 --> 00:54:58,813
and then beyond that,
1038
00:54:58,837 --> 00:55:02,650
at battlefield strategy
and tactics.
1039
00:55:02,674 --> 00:55:05,320
‐ Grant has captured the first
of three armies
1040
00:55:05,344 --> 00:55:08,114
that he will capture
over the course of the war,
1041
00:55:08,138 --> 00:55:11,075
and he has now opened
the Cumberland River
1042
00:55:11,099 --> 00:55:14,454
so Union naval forces
and land forces
1043
00:55:14,478 --> 00:55:18,374
can make their way south deep
into the Confederacy.
1044
00:55:18,398 --> 00:55:20,460
‐ Dear Julia,
1045
00:55:20,484 --> 00:55:22,962
soon I hope to move from here,
1046
00:55:22,986 --> 00:55:25,465
and when I do,
there will probably
1047
00:55:25,489 --> 00:55:28,825
be the greatest battle
fought of the war.
1048
00:55:31,662 --> 00:55:34,957
I have no doubt of the result.
1049
00:55:38,710 --> 00:55:43,358
‐ Yah, yah!
Ha!
1050
00:55:43,382 --> 00:55:46,069
‐ The enemy was
in force in Corinth,
1051
00:55:46,093 --> 00:55:48,655
the junction of the two
most important railroads
1052
00:55:48,679 --> 00:55:50,657
in the Mississippi Valley.
1053
00:55:50,681 --> 00:55:53,034
If we obtained possession
of Corinth,
1054
00:55:53,058 --> 00:55:54,827
the enemy would have no railroad
1055
00:55:54,851 --> 00:55:58,998
for the transportation
of armies or supplies.
1056
00:55:59,022 --> 00:56:01,417
‐ Grant is thinking,
"How do I stay two steps ahead?
1057
00:56:01,441 --> 00:56:02,877
"How do I retain the initiative?
1058
00:56:02,901 --> 00:56:05,255
How do I keep the enemy
reacting to me?"
1059
00:56:05,279 --> 00:56:07,549
The war in the east
is going badly,
1060
00:56:07,573 --> 00:56:10,051
so everything
is under a microscope,
1061
00:56:10,075 --> 00:56:12,679
but in the west,
with the first big victories
1062
00:56:12,703 --> 00:56:14,222
at Forts Henry and Donelson,
1063
00:56:14,246 --> 00:56:16,057
now all of a sudden
the Tennessee
1064
00:56:16,081 --> 00:56:19,143
and Cumberland Rivers are open
to invade the South,
1065
00:56:19,167 --> 00:56:21,854
and this is what
Grant seizes upon.
1066
00:56:21,878 --> 00:56:24,274
‐ Knowing that the enemy's
fortifying Corinth
1067
00:56:24,298 --> 00:56:26,484
and collecting an army there,
1068
00:56:26,508 --> 00:56:28,820
I at once put all
the troops in motion
1069
00:56:28,844 --> 00:56:30,613
for Pittsburg Landing.
1070
00:56:30,637 --> 00:56:34,200
[tense music]
1071
00:56:34,224 --> 00:56:36,286
‐ Pittsburg Landing
is a staging area
1072
00:56:36,310 --> 00:56:38,162
to attack at Corinth.
1073
00:56:38,186 --> 00:56:39,872
General Halleck warns Grant,
1074
00:56:39,896 --> 00:56:42,750
"Don't bring on an engagement.
Don't start anything.
1075
00:56:42,774 --> 00:56:45,962
Don't pick a fight
until everything is ready."
1076
00:56:45,986 --> 00:56:48,840
‐ The army had arrived
with one of Grant's
1077
00:56:48,864 --> 00:56:51,301
core commanders,
William Tecumseh Sherman.
1078
00:56:51,325 --> 00:56:53,845
Sherman was a friend
of Grant's at West Point,
1079
00:56:53,869 --> 00:56:56,472
but they had not worked
together before,
1080
00:56:56,496 --> 00:56:59,726
and many of Grant's men
were absolutely green.
1081
00:56:59,750 --> 00:57:03,479
Some had just received their
weapons a few days earlier.
1082
00:57:03,503 --> 00:57:07,609
So Grant's intention is to get
his men some training
1083
00:57:07,633 --> 00:57:10,486
and wait there
for another Union army
1084
00:57:10,510 --> 00:57:12,113
under the command
of Don Carlos Buell
1085
00:57:12,137 --> 00:57:15,950
to get there
and then set out to Corinth.
1086
00:57:15,974 --> 00:57:18,369
‐ So the idea
of fighting a battle
1087
00:57:18,393 --> 00:57:19,912
never enters Grant's mind
1088
00:57:19,936 --> 00:57:22,832
at Pittsburg Landing,
and the scene is set
1089
00:57:22,856 --> 00:57:26,377
for what would become
this bloodbath of Shiloh.
1090
00:57:26,401 --> 00:57:32,759
♪ ♪
1091
00:57:32,783 --> 00:57:36,220
[indistinct chatter]
1092
00:57:36,244 --> 00:57:38,139
‐ Sir, do you want
the new men digging trenches?
1093
00:57:38,163 --> 00:57:39,766
‐ I don't intend
to be here long enough.
1094
00:57:39,790 --> 00:57:41,309
The men are raw.
1095
00:57:41,333 --> 00:57:43,794
They need practice with guns,
not with shovels.
1096
00:57:45,962 --> 00:57:47,190
Sherman.
1097
00:57:47,214 --> 00:57:50,860
‐ Sam.
‐ Activity?
1098
00:57:50,884 --> 00:57:52,195
‐ The Rebs
stick their noses out,
1099
00:57:52,219 --> 00:57:53,863
and we keep slapping them.
1100
00:57:53,887 --> 00:57:55,865
Whipped them
in a skirmish yesterday.
1101
00:57:55,889 --> 00:57:59,142
‐ And General Buell's men?
‐ They're three days out.
1102
00:58:02,479 --> 00:58:05,875
‐ We'll move on Corinth
when he gets here.
1103
00:58:05,899 --> 00:58:07,377
‐ If we go down here‐‐
1104
00:58:07,401 --> 00:58:09,212
‐ Yeah.
‐ The whole way down‐‐
1105
00:58:09,236 --> 00:58:12,632
‐ To General Halleck,
the temper of the rebel troops
1106
00:58:12,656 --> 00:58:14,967
is such that there
is little doubt that Corinth
1107
00:58:14,991 --> 00:58:20,098
will fall much more easily
than Fort Donelson did.
1108
00:58:20,122 --> 00:58:22,433
‐ Grant's major fault early
in the war
1109
00:58:22,457 --> 00:58:25,812
is this overconfidence.
1110
00:58:25,836 --> 00:58:27,480
He thinks, "If anything happens,
1111
00:58:27,504 --> 00:58:31,007
I'm gonna start it,"
and it comes back to bite him.
1112
00:58:31,633 --> 00:58:33,319
‐ Their commander at Corinth,
1113
00:58:33,343 --> 00:58:34,862
General Albert Sidney Johnston,
1114
00:58:34,886 --> 00:58:37,615
has been doing nothing
but retreat.
1115
00:58:37,639 --> 00:58:40,868
If he cannot regain the
initiative and defeat Grant,
1116
00:58:40,892 --> 00:58:42,662
it likely will mean
1117
00:58:42,686 --> 00:58:45,540
the Confederacy will lose
the Mississippi River.
1118
00:58:45,564 --> 00:58:48,126
Johnston really believes that
the war itself
1119
00:58:48,150 --> 00:58:50,128
may be at stake,
1120
00:58:50,152 --> 00:58:54,531
so Johnston decides to organize
a counterattack against Grant.
1121
00:58:55,574 --> 00:58:57,385
‐ Johnston knows that Grant's
army's tucked up
1122
00:58:57,409 --> 00:58:59,178
into Pittsburg Landing,
1123
00:58:59,202 --> 00:59:02,598
which is a cul‐de‐sac
along the Tennessee River
1124
00:59:02,622 --> 00:59:05,393
in between two major creeks.
1125
00:59:05,417 --> 00:59:08,312
It seems like a good place
to camp the army.
1126
00:59:08,336 --> 00:59:09,647
There are good springs here.
1127
00:59:09,671 --> 00:59:11,023
There are creeks.
We can get water.
1128
00:59:11,047 --> 00:59:13,609
It's good, level camping ground,
1129
00:59:13,633 --> 00:59:16,738
but the Confederate plan
is to trap the Union army
1130
00:59:16,762 --> 00:59:18,948
in this cul‐de‐sac
1131
00:59:18,972 --> 00:59:23,870
and to destroy the Union army
with one massive attack.
1132
00:59:23,894 --> 00:59:25,872
[tense music]
1133
00:59:25,896 --> 00:59:29,459
And so Johnston gambles,
and he says,
1134
00:59:29,483 --> 00:59:31,878
"We must roll
the iron dice of battle.
1135
00:59:31,902 --> 00:59:34,839
We must conquer or perish."
1136
00:59:34,863 --> 00:59:37,800
[thunder cracking]
1137
00:59:37,824 --> 00:59:40,869
[rain pattering]
1138
00:59:43,455 --> 00:59:46,184
‐ Grant's camp
at Pittsburg Landing
1139
00:59:46,208 --> 00:59:49,395
was right near
a small wooden church.
1140
00:59:49,419 --> 00:59:52,315
[dramatic music]
1141
00:59:52,339 --> 00:59:55,193
It's one of the only landmarks
in the entire vicinity.
1142
00:59:55,217 --> 00:59:57,069
♪ ♪
1143
00:59:57,093 --> 01:00:01,073
It was called Shiloh Church.
1144
01:00:01,097 --> 01:00:04,911
Shiloh is translated
as "place of peace."
1145
01:00:04,935 --> 01:00:12,025
♪ ♪
1146
01:00:29,960 --> 01:00:32,939
[tense music]
1147
01:00:32,963 --> 01:00:39,970
♪ ♪
1148
01:01:15,338 --> 01:01:16,566
[gunshot]
1149
01:01:16,590 --> 01:01:18,359
[man grunts]
1150
01:01:18,383 --> 01:01:20,361
♪ ♪
1151
01:01:20,385 --> 01:01:22,905
[gunshot]
‐ Rebs!
1152
01:01:22,929 --> 01:01:25,700
‐ Fire!
[gunfire]
1153
01:01:25,724 --> 01:01:27,869
‐ Rebs!
1154
01:01:27,893 --> 01:01:29,871
We got them from the woods!
Rebs!
1155
01:01:29,895 --> 01:01:34,250
[gunfire]
1156
01:01:34,274 --> 01:01:36,002
‐ In the woods!
1157
01:01:36,026 --> 01:01:39,005
[all shouting]
‐ Rebs in the woods!
1158
01:01:39,029 --> 01:01:41,007
[gunfire]
1159
01:01:41,031 --> 01:01:42,842
‐ Rebs!
1160
01:01:42,866 --> 01:01:44,260
They're coming from the woods!
1161
01:01:44,284 --> 01:01:45,928
‐ Rebs in the woods!
‐ Rebs!
1162
01:01:45,952 --> 01:01:48,180
[all shouting]
1163
01:01:48,204 --> 01:01:49,974
‐ Wait, wait, what?
1164
01:01:49,998 --> 01:01:51,726
‐ Move, move!
1165
01:01:51,750 --> 01:01:54,645
‐ [breathing heavily]
1166
01:01:54,669 --> 01:01:57,648
[all shouting]
1167
01:01:57,672 --> 01:02:00,651
[gunfire]
1168
01:02:00,675 --> 01:02:07,074
♪ ♪
1169
01:02:07,098 --> 01:02:08,367
‐ Report.
1170
01:02:08,391 --> 01:02:10,494
‐ Skirmishes, sir.
That's all.
1171
01:02:10,518 --> 01:02:12,455
[gunfire]
1172
01:02:12,479 --> 01:02:14,498
‐ These are not damn skirmishes.
1173
01:02:14,522 --> 01:02:17,501
My God, we are attacked.
Form a line and hold it.
1174
01:02:17,525 --> 01:02:19,420
[booming]
1175
01:02:19,444 --> 01:02:22,757
[all shouting]
1176
01:02:22,781 --> 01:02:25,533
[gunfire]
1177
01:02:26,660 --> 01:02:29,430
‐ Ammunition!
1178
01:02:29,454 --> 01:02:31,474
‐ Grant is not at Shiloh.
1179
01:02:31,498 --> 01:02:34,226
Grant is actually
having breakfast 9 miles north
1180
01:02:34,250 --> 01:02:37,229
in his quarters
at the Cherry Mansion.
1181
01:02:37,253 --> 01:02:44,344
♪ ♪
1182
01:02:45,762 --> 01:02:50,534
[booming]
1183
01:02:50,558 --> 01:02:53,496
‐ Gentlemen...
1184
01:02:53,520 --> 01:02:56,082
the ball is in motion.
1185
01:02:56,106 --> 01:02:59,794
[tense music]
1186
01:02:59,818 --> 01:03:02,570
‐ Fire!
[booming]
1187
01:03:06,992 --> 01:03:10,096
[indistinct chatter]
1188
01:03:10,120 --> 01:03:13,099
‐ Let's get these boys moving.
1189
01:03:13,123 --> 01:03:16,227
Form them into regiments.
1190
01:03:16,251 --> 01:03:19,772
I don't care what regiments
they used to be in.
1191
01:03:19,796 --> 01:03:21,482
Make new ones.
1192
01:03:21,506 --> 01:03:23,859
‐ Yes, sir.
1193
01:03:23,883 --> 01:03:25,569
‐ Come on, boys, form up!
1194
01:03:25,593 --> 01:03:26,946
On me!
‐ Form up, regiment two.
1195
01:03:26,970 --> 01:03:30,199
Fall in!
1196
01:03:30,223 --> 01:03:31,617
‐ Buell won't get here
till nightfall,
1197
01:03:31,641 --> 01:03:35,496
and Wallace is still
six miles north.
1198
01:03:35,520 --> 01:03:37,915
‐ Order Wallace to come here
at once with his men.
1199
01:03:37,939 --> 01:03:40,835
Sherman?
‐ No news.
1200
01:03:40,859 --> 01:03:42,837
♪ ♪
1201
01:03:42,861 --> 01:03:45,339
‐ On the first day
of the Battle of Shiloh,
1202
01:03:45,363 --> 01:03:47,800
about 40,000
Confederate soldiers
1203
01:03:47,824 --> 01:03:52,763
surprise the Union army
and begin pushing forward.
1204
01:03:52,787 --> 01:03:55,224
It is the largest attack
in American history
1205
01:03:55,248 --> 01:03:57,601
up to that time.
1206
01:03:57,625 --> 01:04:00,312
‐ When Grant finally got
to Pittsburg Landing,
1207
01:04:00,336 --> 01:04:01,981
officers didn't know
where their men were.
1208
01:04:02,005 --> 01:04:04,358
Their men didn't know
where the units were.
1209
01:04:04,382 --> 01:04:08,446
‐ Grant immediately begins
to assess the situation,
1210
01:04:08,470 --> 01:04:12,324
and it's almost as
if battle clarified his mind,
1211
01:04:12,348 --> 01:04:14,952
and he could see the central
thing he needed to do,
1212
01:04:14,976 --> 01:04:17,371
to remain calm,
1213
01:04:17,395 --> 01:04:20,958
to collect soldiers who have
straggled back into the area,
1214
01:04:20,982 --> 01:04:25,379
and begin to plug
this defensive line.
1215
01:04:25,403 --> 01:04:28,382
[hooves clopping]
1216
01:04:28,406 --> 01:04:31,385
[tense music]
1217
01:04:31,409 --> 01:04:38,500
♪ ♪
1218
01:04:40,210 --> 01:04:44,648
[horses whinnying]
1219
01:04:44,672 --> 01:04:47,193
‐ Hurt bad, Private?
1220
01:04:47,217 --> 01:04:49,612
‐ It's only a scratch, sir.
1221
01:04:49,636 --> 01:04:51,447
‐ So you can fight?
1222
01:04:51,471 --> 01:04:54,700
♪ ♪
1223
01:04:54,724 --> 01:04:56,452
Come on now, boys.
1224
01:04:56,476 --> 01:04:59,622
Pitch in.
I'm right behind you.
1225
01:04:59,646 --> 01:05:03,751
[booming]
1226
01:05:03,775 --> 01:05:05,836
‐ Grant makes his way
around the battlefield,
1227
01:05:05,860 --> 01:05:08,214
not caught up in the chaos,
1228
01:05:08,238 --> 01:05:10,132
thinking,
"Where are my commanders?
1229
01:05:10,156 --> 01:05:12,051
What's their assessment of
the fight and how it's going,
1230
01:05:12,075 --> 01:05:14,720
and what can I do
to assist them?"
1231
01:05:14,744 --> 01:05:21,685
‐ If Pittsburg Landing falls,
Grant knows his army is gone.
1232
01:05:21,709 --> 01:05:25,272
‐ If the Confederate plan
is to trap the Union army
1233
01:05:25,296 --> 01:05:27,775
in this cul‐de‐sac
along the Tennessee River,
1234
01:05:27,799 --> 01:05:32,238
then Grant will utilize
this trap perfectly
1235
01:05:32,262 --> 01:05:35,032
to fight a delaying action
to hold out
1236
01:05:35,056 --> 01:05:38,828
until Don Carlos Buell's
reinforcements arrive.
1237
01:05:38,852 --> 01:05:41,872
He has a whole division
under Lew Wallace much nearer,
1238
01:05:41,896 --> 01:05:43,749
and as he goes around
1239
01:05:43,773 --> 01:05:45,417
and he talks to the different
division commanders
1240
01:05:45,441 --> 01:05:47,711
throughout the day,
he will tell them,
1241
01:05:47,735 --> 01:05:49,130
"Hey, Lew Wallace is on the way.
1242
01:05:49,154 --> 01:05:52,174
Should be here any moment now."
1243
01:05:52,198 --> 01:05:54,009
♪ ♪
1244
01:05:54,033 --> 01:05:55,469
‐ There's confusion
1245
01:05:55,493 --> 01:05:57,805
and incoherence
on the battlefield,
1246
01:05:57,829 --> 01:06:00,641
but Grant had enormous
control of his emotions,
1247
01:06:00,665 --> 01:06:04,520
so his physical courage,
this quiet competence,
1248
01:06:04,544 --> 01:06:07,565
and he was a great horseman
in a day and age
1249
01:06:07,589 --> 01:06:09,859
when that was
a very important skill
1250
01:06:09,883 --> 01:06:12,153
to have on the battlefield.
1251
01:06:12,177 --> 01:06:14,947
‐ A number of attempts
were made by the enemy
1252
01:06:14,971 --> 01:06:17,849
to turn our right flank
where Sherman was posted.
1253
01:06:19,184 --> 01:06:20,870
General Sherman, situation?
1254
01:06:20,894 --> 01:06:22,621
‐ General.
1255
01:06:22,645 --> 01:06:25,291
The boys bounced,
but they didn't break.
1256
01:06:25,315 --> 01:06:28,544
I need reinforcements now.
Where's Buell?
1257
01:06:28,568 --> 01:06:30,838
‐ No Buell.
1258
01:06:30,862 --> 01:06:34,675
I've sent for Wallace.
Can you hold your position?
1259
01:06:34,699 --> 01:06:38,494
‐ Yes, sir, but it'll cost.
1260
01:06:39,871 --> 01:06:43,350
‐ At the Battle of Shiloh
Sherman and Grant,
1261
01:06:43,374 --> 01:06:46,937
while they had never been what
you would call good friends,
1262
01:06:46,961 --> 01:06:49,273
they will first
come into their own
1263
01:06:49,297 --> 01:06:53,736
as this wonderful duo
who will turn out to be
1264
01:06:53,760 --> 01:06:56,697
one of the great working
partnerships of the war.
1265
01:06:56,721 --> 01:06:59,700
While so many other fragments
of that Union army
1266
01:06:59,724 --> 01:07:02,328
dissolve in panicked retreat,
1267
01:07:02,352 --> 01:07:06,582
Sherman slows
the Confederate onslaught.
1268
01:07:06,606 --> 01:07:09,376
‐ Nevertheless,
Grant knew that he may need
1269
01:07:09,400 --> 01:07:12,880
that division of Lew Wallace's
to survive this fight,
1270
01:07:12,904 --> 01:07:15,966
but there's great confusion
with Wallace's division
1271
01:07:15,990 --> 01:07:18,928
on how they should get
to the battlefield,
1272
01:07:18,952 --> 01:07:22,723
and Wallace does not show up.
1273
01:07:22,747 --> 01:07:24,391
As the Confederates
move forward,
1274
01:07:24,415 --> 01:07:26,727
the fighting became more
and more constricted.
1275
01:07:26,751 --> 01:07:29,897
It becomes a very chaotic,
brutal fight,
1276
01:07:29,921 --> 01:07:32,858
and Grant recognizes
that at points of chaos
1277
01:07:32,882 --> 01:07:34,777
when everything is going wrong,
1278
01:07:34,801 --> 01:07:39,406
you just simply have to do
something to regain control.
1279
01:07:39,430 --> 01:07:43,577
‐ Grant is not gonna give up.
He's gonna stick and fight.
1280
01:07:43,601 --> 01:07:46,455
[booming]
1281
01:07:46,479 --> 01:07:48,123
♪ ♪
1282
01:07:48,147 --> 01:07:50,084
‐ Lieutenant.
‐ General Grant, sir.
1283
01:07:50,108 --> 01:07:52,002
‐ Move your men to the left,
Lieutenant.
1284
01:07:52,026 --> 01:07:53,420
Do it now.
‐ Yes, sir.
1285
01:07:53,444 --> 01:07:56,423
[booming]
1286
01:07:56,447 --> 01:07:59,635
♪ ♪
1287
01:07:59,659 --> 01:08:02,161
‐ Take cover!
There's too many of them!
1288
01:08:05,039 --> 01:08:06,433
[gunfire]
1289
01:08:06,457 --> 01:08:07,977
[all shouting]
1290
01:08:08,001 --> 01:08:11,021
[tense music]
1291
01:08:11,045 --> 01:08:18,028
♪ ♪
1292
01:08:18,052 --> 01:08:20,990
[gunfire]
1293
01:08:21,014 --> 01:08:25,035
♪ ♪
1294
01:08:25,059 --> 01:08:27,579
‐ [sentinel grunts]
1295
01:08:27,603 --> 01:08:29,957
♪ ♪
1296
01:08:29,981 --> 01:08:32,209
[gunshot]
1297
01:08:32,233 --> 01:08:37,923
♪ ♪
1298
01:08:37,947 --> 01:08:41,385
[screaming]
1299
01:08:41,409 --> 01:08:44,430
‐ Contrary to all my
experience up to that time,
1300
01:08:44,454 --> 01:08:46,765
we were on the defensive.
1301
01:08:46,789 --> 01:08:48,434
The endeavor of the enemy
1302
01:08:48,458 --> 01:08:51,061
was simply to hurl
their men against ours
1303
01:08:51,085 --> 01:08:54,565
with a disregard of losses
on their own side.
1304
01:08:54,589 --> 01:08:56,859
‐ Grant realized
he needed to buy time,
1305
01:08:56,883 --> 01:09:00,321
or his army was about
to be overwhelmed.
1306
01:09:00,345 --> 01:09:03,532
‐ Shiloh,
the first day doesn't go well,
1307
01:09:03,556 --> 01:09:06,118
but in the chaos, noise,
the friction that we know
1308
01:09:06,142 --> 01:09:08,203
is inherent in a battlefield,
1309
01:09:08,227 --> 01:09:10,748
nobody gets it right initially.
Nobody.
1310
01:09:10,772 --> 01:09:13,459
Grant is able to learn
through hard experience,
1311
01:09:13,483 --> 01:09:16,337
and he has this vision
of how it's gonna turn out
1312
01:09:16,361 --> 01:09:18,672
in spite of all
that's going bad around him.
1313
01:09:18,696 --> 01:09:22,801
‐ Grant is already thinking
to fall back gradually,
1314
01:09:22,825 --> 01:09:25,596
holding successive lines
of defense,
1315
01:09:25,620 --> 01:09:28,807
basically trading space
for time to hold out
1316
01:09:28,831 --> 01:09:32,478
until our reinforcements arrive.
1317
01:09:32,502 --> 01:09:35,439
‐ And so orders went out
to all his division commanders
1318
01:09:35,463 --> 01:09:38,442
to hold their positions,
as Grant put it,
1319
01:09:38,466 --> 01:09:40,819
"at all hazards."
1320
01:09:40,843 --> 01:09:42,654
‐ What is it?
1321
01:09:42,678 --> 01:09:45,866
‐ General Prentiss surrendered.
1322
01:09:45,890 --> 01:09:47,743
2,000 soldiers.
1323
01:09:47,767 --> 01:09:50,788
[tense music]
1324
01:09:50,812 --> 01:09:53,665
♪ ♪
1325
01:09:53,689 --> 01:09:56,335
‐ Move the artillery
to the high ground.
1326
01:09:56,359 --> 01:09:57,670
Start the barrage at nightfall.
1327
01:09:57,694 --> 01:10:00,464
Have the navy chip
in from the river.
1328
01:10:00,488 --> 01:10:02,466
‐ I'll telegraph Porter.
1329
01:10:02,490 --> 01:10:07,388
♪ ♪
1330
01:10:07,412 --> 01:10:11,016
‐ Grant on the battlefield
does not appear
1331
01:10:11,040 --> 01:10:14,687
to let the demons
of failure enter.
1332
01:10:14,711 --> 01:10:17,815
He's already been there.
He's a fighter.
1333
01:10:17,839 --> 01:10:20,859
That's one of the things
he brought to any army
1334
01:10:20,883 --> 01:10:24,321
he was in command of,
was that sense of endurance,
1335
01:10:24,345 --> 01:10:27,199
the sense that this isn't
going to be easy.
1336
01:10:27,223 --> 01:10:30,202
"I'm not looking
to win it in a day."
1337
01:10:30,226 --> 01:10:32,913
[booming]
1338
01:10:32,937 --> 01:10:36,041
‐ Grant has been falling back
throughout the day,
1339
01:10:36,065 --> 01:10:38,877
and the Confederate commander,
Albert Sidney Johnston,
1340
01:10:38,901 --> 01:10:40,879
wades into the battle himself
1341
01:10:40,903 --> 01:10:43,841
because he's gotta conquer
or perish,
1342
01:10:43,865 --> 01:10:47,720
and all of a sudden Johnston
is hit in the back of the leg,
1343
01:10:47,744 --> 01:10:49,054
and he bleeds to death.
1344
01:10:49,078 --> 01:10:51,890
He doesn't conquer.
He perishes.
1345
01:10:51,914 --> 01:10:55,018
‐ Johnston's second in command,
1346
01:10:55,042 --> 01:10:57,229
Pierre Gustave
Toutant Beauregard,
1347
01:10:57,253 --> 01:10:59,857
took over,
and Beauregard believed
1348
01:10:59,881 --> 01:11:03,569
they had the Union army right
where they wanted them,
1349
01:11:03,593 --> 01:11:07,263
but Grant used the terrain
extraordinarily well.
1350
01:11:08,181 --> 01:11:10,075
His men constructed
this defensive line
1351
01:11:10,099 --> 01:11:12,786
along this deep ravine.
1352
01:11:12,810 --> 01:11:16,123
The Confederates have to go
down into this ravine.
1353
01:11:16,147 --> 01:11:18,709
They make one charge
up out of the ravine
1354
01:11:18,733 --> 01:11:22,755
into this whirlwind of Union
artillery and musket fire.
1355
01:11:22,779 --> 01:11:26,008
They are driven back
by this intense fire.
1356
01:11:26,032 --> 01:11:28,594
Orders start to echo down
the Confederate line
1357
01:11:28,618 --> 01:11:30,888
that we're done.
Stop the attack.
1358
01:11:30,912 --> 01:11:33,432
♪ ♪
1359
01:11:33,456 --> 01:11:34,600
Beauregard stopped the fight.
1360
01:11:34,624 --> 01:11:36,643
"We'll finish this up
in the morning."
1361
01:11:36,667 --> 01:11:38,604
Grant, sitting on horseback
1362
01:11:38,628 --> 01:11:41,440
watching as the Confederates
fell back into the ravine,
1363
01:11:41,464 --> 01:11:45,235
said, "Not beaten yet
by a damn sight."
1364
01:11:45,259 --> 01:11:47,780
‐ Grant, with
this dogged determination,
1365
01:11:47,804 --> 01:11:51,784
he thinks that nobody
can beat him.
1366
01:11:51,808 --> 01:11:54,411
‐ By the time
darkness falls, yes,
1367
01:11:54,435 --> 01:11:57,623
it's been a bad day
for the Union army,
1368
01:11:57,647 --> 01:12:01,251
but they haven't been
pushed off Pittsburg Landing.
1369
01:12:01,275 --> 01:12:04,546
They're still holding on
to that strip of ground,
1370
01:12:04,570 --> 01:12:06,298
and what's more,
across the river
1371
01:12:06,322 --> 01:12:09,426
Don Carlos Buell
is finally starting to arrive
1372
01:12:09,450 --> 01:12:11,929
and there are federal gunboats
out on the river whose shells
1373
01:12:11,953 --> 01:12:16,082
are keeping the Confederates
at bay in the darkness.
1374
01:12:17,375 --> 01:12:20,979
‐ But there were a number of
Union officers coming to Grant
1375
01:12:21,003 --> 01:12:24,966
that night saying,
"Let's get out of here."
1376
01:12:25,842 --> 01:12:28,612
‐ Grant is almost
defeated on the first day,
1377
01:12:28,636 --> 01:12:31,782
almost driven back
into the river,
1378
01:12:31,806 --> 01:12:36,495
and this is where you see Grant
at his most indomitable,
1379
01:12:36,519 --> 01:12:39,832
in a sense‐‐most determined,
most imperturbable.
1380
01:12:39,856 --> 01:12:42,626
He is under a tree.
1381
01:12:42,650 --> 01:12:45,671
He can hear
the cries of the wounded,
1382
01:12:45,695 --> 01:12:48,006
and Sherman comes
out of the dark.
1383
01:12:48,030 --> 01:12:55,079
♪ ♪
1384
01:13:00,418 --> 01:13:03,730
‐ General Grant.
‐ Sherman.
1385
01:13:03,754 --> 01:13:07,234
♪ ♪
1386
01:13:07,258 --> 01:13:10,362
‐ Well, Sam, we've had
the devil's own day,
1387
01:13:10,386 --> 01:13:11,989
haven't we?
1388
01:13:12,013 --> 01:13:17,244
♪ ♪
1389
01:13:17,268 --> 01:13:20,914
‐ Lick them tomorrow though.
1390
01:13:20,938 --> 01:13:23,500
‐ When Wallace
and Buell turn up?
1391
01:13:23,524 --> 01:13:25,878
♪ ♪
1392
01:13:25,902 --> 01:13:28,839
‐ They asked me
my plan to retreat.
1393
01:13:28,863 --> 01:13:32,509
♪ ♪
1394
01:13:32,533 --> 01:13:34,952
I'll fire the first gun
in the morning.
1395
01:13:39,582 --> 01:13:44,146
[tense music]
1396
01:13:44,170 --> 01:13:46,023
‐ On the second day of battle,
1397
01:13:46,047 --> 01:13:47,482
I gathered out parts
1398
01:13:47,506 --> 01:13:50,110
of regiments from troops nearby
1399
01:13:50,134 --> 01:13:52,112
and marched them forward.
1400
01:13:52,136 --> 01:13:54,823
♪ ♪
1401
01:13:54,847 --> 01:13:57,659
‐ Grant knew his army
was disorganized.
1402
01:13:57,683 --> 01:14:00,329
They had spent a full day
1403
01:14:00,353 --> 01:14:02,706
carrying out this brutal fight,
1404
01:14:02,730 --> 01:14:04,833
but he also suspected
the Confederates
1405
01:14:04,857 --> 01:14:09,087
were in the same condition,
1406
01:14:09,111 --> 01:14:11,298
and so he believed
whoever seizes the initiative
1407
01:14:11,322 --> 01:14:15,010
in the morning
will indeed be the victor.
1408
01:14:15,034 --> 01:14:16,845
So orders went out to all
his division commanders
1409
01:14:16,869 --> 01:14:18,722
at first light,
"begin the attack.
1410
01:14:18,746 --> 01:14:22,893
Wherever you are with whoever
you have, begin the attack."
1411
01:14:22,917 --> 01:14:24,728
‐ Find another commander
at Shiloh
1412
01:14:24,752 --> 01:14:27,606
that's gonna attack on day two.
1413
01:14:27,630 --> 01:14:28,857
Everybody else is thinking,
1414
01:14:28,881 --> 01:14:31,193
"Oh, my goodness,
there's no way."
1415
01:14:31,217 --> 01:14:33,904
I think that Grant
looks at this equation
1416
01:14:33,928 --> 01:14:35,697
differently than everyone else.
1417
01:14:35,721 --> 01:14:39,117
Grant, who's failed and had
to look at the dark side
1418
01:14:39,141 --> 01:14:40,953
of how to be resilient,
1419
01:14:40,977 --> 01:14:42,663
I think it gives him
an extra source of strength
1420
01:14:42,687 --> 01:14:44,247
that most other commanders
1421
01:14:44,271 --> 01:14:47,334
don't have the ability
to tap into.
1422
01:14:47,358 --> 01:14:49,711
‐ He had the gift of being able
1423
01:14:49,735 --> 01:14:53,423
to take in a landscape, a map,
1424
01:14:53,447 --> 01:14:57,344
and know almost at once
what needed to be defended,
1425
01:14:57,368 --> 01:14:59,763
what couldn't be defended,
1426
01:14:59,787 --> 01:15:02,849
and what Grant
had seen at Shiloh
1427
01:15:02,873 --> 01:15:04,393
was that the Confederates
1428
01:15:04,417 --> 01:15:05,936
had exhausted their last energy
1429
01:15:05,960 --> 01:15:08,480
just in getting as far
as they had.
1430
01:15:08,504 --> 01:15:12,442
Grant had seen that
if in the night Buell's troops
1431
01:15:12,466 --> 01:15:13,777
could be ferried over
1432
01:15:13,801 --> 01:15:16,154
and Grant's army
could be rallied
1433
01:15:16,178 --> 01:15:18,532
and somehow reorganized
and put back into position
1434
01:15:18,556 --> 01:15:20,659
for a counterattack
the next morning,
1435
01:15:20,683 --> 01:15:25,247
then the Confederate army
itself would collapse.
1436
01:15:25,271 --> 01:15:28,667
‐ Grant was determined
to stay and fight.
1437
01:15:28,691 --> 01:15:30,252
Everything he's learned
came into play
1438
01:15:30,276 --> 01:15:34,172
in making that decision.
1439
01:15:34,196 --> 01:15:38,635
That's the point
where Grant becomes Grant.
1440
01:15:38,659 --> 01:15:41,662
[dramatic music]
1441
01:15:44,498 --> 01:15:48,520
‐ This day everything is
favorable for the Union side.
1442
01:15:48,544 --> 01:15:51,106
We have now become
the attacking party.
1443
01:15:51,130 --> 01:15:52,733
‐ Move along!
1444
01:15:52,757 --> 01:15:55,736
[tense music]
1445
01:15:55,760 --> 01:16:00,657
♪ ♪
1446
01:16:00,681 --> 01:16:03,535
‐ Advance along!
1447
01:16:03,559 --> 01:16:06,538
[all shouting]
1448
01:16:06,562 --> 01:16:09,541
[gunfire]
1449
01:16:09,565 --> 01:16:12,544
[booming]
1450
01:16:12,568 --> 01:16:15,571
[all shouting]
1451
01:16:17,907 --> 01:16:21,053
[tense music]
1452
01:16:21,077 --> 01:16:28,060
♪ ♪
1453
01:16:28,084 --> 01:16:31,063
[all shouting]
1454
01:16:31,087 --> 01:16:32,898
[distant gunfire]
1455
01:16:32,922 --> 01:16:35,525
‐ The enemy was driven
back all day,
1456
01:16:35,549 --> 01:16:39,321
as we had been the day before.
1457
01:16:39,345 --> 01:16:41,031
‐ It was another brutal day
1458
01:16:41,055 --> 01:16:45,160
of fighting over much
of the same ground,
1459
01:16:45,184 --> 01:16:47,370
but by 2:00 in the afternoon
1460
01:16:47,394 --> 01:16:49,206
Confederate commander Beauregard
1461
01:16:49,230 --> 01:16:51,625
ordered a withdrawal
back to Corinth.
1462
01:16:51,649 --> 01:16:55,378
♪ ♪
1463
01:16:55,402 --> 01:16:58,840
‐ The battle is over, and it is,
1464
01:16:58,864 --> 01:17:02,302
technically speaking,
a victory for the Union army.
1465
01:17:02,326 --> 01:17:06,997
It's a victory which has been
won at terrible prices.
1466
01:17:09,208 --> 01:17:11,520
‐ Huge casualties.
1467
01:17:11,544 --> 01:17:16,650
25,000 killed,
wounded, and missing.
1468
01:17:16,674 --> 01:17:18,735
This was the first time
in American history
1469
01:17:18,759 --> 01:17:21,404
that we've seen this.
1470
01:17:21,428 --> 01:17:22,989
The armies in the revolution
and the War of 1812
1471
01:17:23,013 --> 01:17:26,952
are smaller than
the casualty count at Shiloh.
1472
01:17:26,976 --> 01:17:29,287
‐ I saw an open field
on the second day
1473
01:17:29,311 --> 01:17:31,248
so covered with the dead
1474
01:17:31,272 --> 01:17:33,041
that it would have been possible
1475
01:17:33,065 --> 01:17:36,586
to walk across the clearing
stepping on dead bodies
1476
01:17:36,610 --> 01:17:39,172
without a foot
touching the ground.
1477
01:17:39,196 --> 01:17:42,342
♪ ♪
1478
01:17:42,366 --> 01:17:44,886
[thunder rumbling]
1479
01:17:44,910 --> 01:17:49,808
‐ Shiloh itself means
"place of peace."
1480
01:17:49,832 --> 01:17:51,351
Shiloh, for two days,
1481
01:17:51,375 --> 01:17:55,647
was anything
but a place of peace.
1482
01:17:55,671 --> 01:18:02,028
Shiloh is incredibly important
as the place where our country
1483
01:18:02,052 --> 01:18:06,056
woke up to the reality
of what it had signed up for.
1484
01:18:07,474 --> 01:18:09,703
It was as if
from the battlefield
1485
01:18:09,727 --> 01:18:13,206
a metaphorical postcard
went home to America,
1486
01:18:13,230 --> 01:18:16,751
and it said,
with a picture of the dead,
1487
01:18:16,775 --> 01:18:20,964
"This is what
you've signed up for."
1488
01:18:20,988 --> 01:18:23,925
It forced us to wake up.
1489
01:18:23,949 --> 01:18:26,887
It forced us to grow up.
1490
01:18:26,911 --> 01:18:29,931
It forced us to realize
that this was going
1491
01:18:29,955 --> 01:18:32,767
to be much harder
than anybody had imagined.
1492
01:18:32,791 --> 01:18:39,882
♪ ♪
1493
01:19:19,338 --> 01:19:23,109
‐ Up to the Battle of Shiloh,
I believed that the rebellion
1494
01:19:23,133 --> 01:19:26,238
would collapse
suddenly and soon...
1495
01:19:26,262 --> 01:19:28,323
♪ ♪
1496
01:19:28,347 --> 01:19:33,119
But after Shiloh I gave up
all idea of saving the Union
1497
01:19:33,143 --> 01:19:37,249
except by complete conquest.
1498
01:19:37,273 --> 01:19:40,252
[flies buzzing]
1499
01:19:40,276 --> 01:19:47,283
♪ ♪
1500
01:19:49,368 --> 01:19:53,640
After Shiloh,
I was no longer boss.
1501
01:19:53,664 --> 01:19:57,227
Lincoln was right.
Vicksburg is the key.
1502
01:19:57,251 --> 01:20:01,606
The art of war is simple enough.
1503
01:20:01,630 --> 01:20:03,441
Find out where your enemy is...
1504
01:20:03,465 --> 01:20:05,318
[all shouting]
[booming]
1505
01:20:05,342 --> 01:20:09,030
Strike him as hard as you can,
and keep moving on.
1506
01:20:09,054 --> 01:20:10,991
‐ You'll go after Lee.
1507
01:20:11,015 --> 01:20:13,285
You'll go after him
until he's finished.
1508
01:20:13,309 --> 01:20:15,620
‐ [man breathing heavily]
[gunshot]
1509
01:20:15,644 --> 01:20:16,788
‐ It all depends on you.
1510
01:20:16,812 --> 01:20:17,813
‐ [man screaming]
117979
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