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NARRATOR: It's an old country
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with a long history of
refined civilization.
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00:00:14,982 --> 00:00:17,783
Yet, deep in the countryside
of France,
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00:00:17,785 --> 00:00:19,218
wild creatures
are stirring.
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00:00:19,220 --> 00:00:21,520
Wilderness is making a comeback
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00:00:21,522 --> 00:00:24,289
in a drama unfolding
all across Europe --
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and France plays
a large part in the story.
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Creatures once on the verge
of extinction
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are being granted the space
and tolerance
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to find their way back.
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Eagles, otters,
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badgers, and bats --
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00:00:44,045 --> 00:00:45,577
even the great predators --
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are regaining their
old hunting grounds.
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From Paris to Provence,
to the Pyrenees,
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it's the rise of
a new republic.
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It has style,
it has elegance,
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and a very French flair
for the wild.
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NARRATOR: Just outside Paris
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lies the great estate of
Chateau Fontainebleau --
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for centuries, the playground of
the noble kings of France.
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Generations have driven hounds
through this ancient forest.
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Their dogs have scoured
the thick undergrowth
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and rocky outcrops
a thousand times
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hoping to catch a scent of prey.
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The forest of Fontainebleau,
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full of oaks, pine,
and beech trees,
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has always been home to
wild things --
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and the hunters' quarry.
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Magnificent red deer.
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These two ten-point stags
are seven years old
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and have been together
all their lives.
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It's not uncommon for stags
to form partnerships,
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but these particular two
have become
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almost inseparable.
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They work as allies,
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00:03:12,927 --> 00:03:14,960
warning each other
of danger...
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and sharing food,
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such as tender ivy
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or willow leaves.
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00:03:34,314 --> 00:03:37,082
In the hot weather
they will linger in water
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to keep cool and to get rid of
annoying midges.
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It's rare for
these two fast friends
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to be out of
each other's sight.
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They know their territory
very well
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and have a network of trails
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to follow.
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This comes in handy
should they need to escape from
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hunting dogs.
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There are hundreds of red deer
in Fontainebleau.
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They have no natural predators,
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so they are fair game
for hunters.
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When they sense danger,
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they will flee
as fast as possible.
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Their long legs
give them an advantage
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as they plunge into
the river water
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and out of sight.
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[Dogs barking]
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The water also helps
to dilute their scent,
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00:06:02,963 --> 00:06:06,531
which dogs can trace
for hours.
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These two stags
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will spend the winter, spring
and summer together...
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00:07:00,420 --> 00:07:04,423
But when autumn arrives
it's a different story.
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00:07:09,729 --> 00:07:13,765
Their antlers have lost
their velvety texture,
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00:07:13,767 --> 00:07:16,301
their coats have grown
and darkened.
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[Bellowing]
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They are now
full of testosterone
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and can only think of
one thing --
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the female deer,
or "hinds."
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They mingle with
the females
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to get their scent.
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In turn, their bellows
excite the females
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and help to stimulate
their ovulation.
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[Bellowing]
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From this moment,
there will be no more sharing
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between the males.
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There can only be
one winner.
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00:08:06,320 --> 00:08:08,587
This is a battle
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without compromise.
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00:08:10,624 --> 00:08:13,725
It will only end
when one of the males
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backs down
and surrenders.
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00:08:41,087 --> 00:08:44,155
The hinds can only watch
and wait.
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[Bellowing]
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Finally,
the cry of victory.
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The females
gather around
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their triumphant hero.
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[Bellowing]
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The champion will stay with
his harem for about a month,
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fighting off any male who tries
to enter his territory.
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00:09:28,334 --> 00:09:32,103
But then,
when the mating season is over,
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all will change once again.
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Battles will be forgotten,
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and the two stags
of Fontainebleau
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will once again become
inseparable friends.
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Leaving the historic
outskirts of Paris,
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we journey south, to the most
famous mountain range in Europe,
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the Alps.
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00:09:54,227 --> 00:09:57,996
Well known for its ski resorts
and stunning scenery,
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there is also plenty of
rugged room for wildlife.
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This is Ecrins National Park.
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From the top of snowy glaciers,
water rushes down,
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forming icy,
fast-flowing rivers.
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Within the lower torrents
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is a small bird with
unique abilities.
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The dipper feeds on
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insect larvae that live
in the river beds.
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Despite the freezing
temperatures
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it dives deep into
the glacial water.
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Using its wings to swim,
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it can reach depths of
six feet
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and remain there for
about fifteen seconds.
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00:10:53,520 --> 00:10:56,821
It will do this over and over,
day after day,
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in order to feed
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its insatiable young.
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00:11:15,574 --> 00:11:18,243
Moving up to
the high altitude
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pastures of these mountains,
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there is an animal that lives
below ground
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in a deep system
of underground burrows.
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These are alpine marmots.
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They come up to
the surface
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to play, mate, and feed.
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00:11:34,961 --> 00:11:38,797
They are social creatures
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and live in
small family groups.
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Alpine marmots
used to be widely hunted
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due to the belief that their fat
would ease rheumatism
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when rubbed on the skin.
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In some areas of France,
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they have been successfully
re-introduced
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00:11:59,986 --> 00:12:01,219
and are now beginning
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to flourish again.
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00:12:07,326 --> 00:12:09,828
Marmots are
highly defensive animals
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and have developed
a kind of
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collective surveillance system.
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00:12:14,101 --> 00:12:17,435
Sentinels take turns
to guard their territory.
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00:12:17,437 --> 00:12:19,871
With a range of different calls
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they can warn others of
any potential danger.
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[Chirping]
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There's good reason --
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the legendary
golden eagle.
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00:12:40,126 --> 00:12:43,394
The marmots' warning system
has to be good,
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00:12:43,396 --> 00:12:46,664
as the eagle is indeed
a fearsome predator.
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00:12:54,073 --> 00:12:57,809
Eagles have existed here for
hundreds of thousands of years,
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far longer than
any human settlers.
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They have built their homes
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in the highest parts of
the mountains.
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00:13:16,862 --> 00:13:20,999
To protect their nests they can
be fiercely territorial.
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00:13:21,001 --> 00:13:24,402
If another eagle gets too close
they will fight --
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sometimes to the death.
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00:13:36,148 --> 00:13:38,116
The eagle rules the skies,
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00:13:38,118 --> 00:13:41,119
but they are not alone
at the summit...
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00:13:44,957 --> 00:13:48,426
Amazingly, these nimble chamois
thrive on
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a vertical existence.
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00:14:00,673 --> 00:14:05,243
Farther south, in the peaks of
the Verdon canyon,
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a small creature can be found
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that seems almost immune to
the laws of gravity...
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[Bird calls in distance]
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The wall creeper,
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known locally as
the butterfly bird.
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Arnaud Petit
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and Stephanie Bodet
share a passion
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with this small bird
for terrifying heights.
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They are champion
European climbers.
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They brave
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00:14:49,890 --> 00:14:53,391
the sheer and frightening
cliff faces
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inspired by a glimpse of these
undaunted little rock climbers.
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The butterfly bird
has large feet
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with solid curved claws...
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which enable it to stand
with perfect balance.
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It gets its name because of
the way it scales the cliffs,
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by fluttering
its colorful wings.
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Its wide wings
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enable it to take advantage of
the rising currents
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to effortlessly reach
great heights.
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Considerably more effort
is required by the climbers,
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and occasionally
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their balance is not
quite as perfect.
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[Stephanie gasps]
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Arnaud and Stephanie
share the nesting choice
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of the butterfly bird.
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00:16:19,112 --> 00:16:20,945
They pitch their porta-ledge
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into the side of the cliff,
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high above
the huge emptiness below.
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Sleeping at such a great height
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is like being suspended
momentarily out of time.
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Turning north,
we head past the Alps
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to reach a low mountain chain
on the French-German border...
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the Vosges Mountains.
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Fed by waterfalls,
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a rich, green,
magical forest thrives.
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00:17:25,245 --> 00:17:31,015
Beech, oak, spruce, and pine
grow here in abundance,
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each vying to be the biggest.
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And like a storybook,
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it's a forest that holds
quite a cast of
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interesting characters.
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On any spring morning,
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the woods are
full of birdsong
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and the comings and goings of
its most energetic resident.
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The Badger.
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00:17:58,611 --> 00:18:02,146
Her life is organized
with great precision.
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00:18:02,148 --> 00:18:03,848
She wakes up at 7:00,
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00:18:03,850 --> 00:18:08,686
takes care of a little business
behind the big tree at 7:05,
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00:18:08,688 --> 00:18:10,388
breakfast at 7:10,
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00:18:10,390 --> 00:18:12,256
a quick bath at 7:15,
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followed by a tour of
the property until 8:00.
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00:18:16,830 --> 00:18:20,665
Although her schedule
doesn't usually change much,
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00:18:20,667 --> 00:18:22,166
she has an important project
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that is going to
disturb her routine.
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[Labored breathing]
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00:18:27,974 --> 00:18:31,509
It's mating season.
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She's already picked up
the scent of an eligible male,
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00:18:37,450 --> 00:18:38,916
and with that in mind,
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00:18:38,918 --> 00:18:42,153
it's time to look for a suitable
home for a family.
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00:18:42,155 --> 00:18:44,422
Like any respectable badger,
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00:18:44,424 --> 00:18:47,692
she needs a home
with one main entrance
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00:18:47,694 --> 00:18:49,994
and several secondary exits.
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00:18:49,996 --> 00:18:54,932
More important however is
finding the right terrain...
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00:18:54,934 --> 00:18:58,102
and so, digging begins.
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00:19:02,407 --> 00:19:05,943
This won't do --
better look elsewhere.
219
00:19:05,945 --> 00:19:09,313
[Animal cries]
Oops!
220
00:19:12,384 --> 00:19:16,621
And here looks just right.
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00:19:16,623 --> 00:19:18,856
A high ceiling,
visible beams --
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00:19:18,858 --> 00:19:21,926
a fox has already done
a good part of the work.
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00:19:21,928 --> 00:19:24,195
This will be just fine.
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00:19:30,369 --> 00:19:32,403
Our Badger knows
there are several males
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00:19:32,405 --> 00:19:34,438
that live on
the other side of the lake.
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00:19:34,440 --> 00:19:38,309
What's important
227
00:19:38,311 --> 00:19:40,444
is to avoid a fickle,
unfaithful one.
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00:19:40,446 --> 00:19:44,749
Some males might leave the
moment the youngsters are born.
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00:19:49,454 --> 00:19:53,724
Hmm, this one
smells interesting.
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00:19:57,796 --> 00:19:59,430
Where is he?
231
00:20:03,936 --> 00:20:05,570
With noses to the ground,
232
00:20:05,572 --> 00:20:08,306
it's still a challenge
to find each other
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00:20:08,308 --> 00:20:10,708
in all the rocky nooks
and crannies.
234
00:20:15,380 --> 00:20:18,583
Then, there he is...
235
00:20:21,486 --> 00:20:24,255
With successful
introductions over,
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00:20:24,257 --> 00:20:28,626
it's time to go home.
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00:20:31,063 --> 00:20:36,367
There's a little confusion,
but our badger knows the way.
238
00:20:36,369 --> 00:20:40,938
Now, the couple can get to work
on their family home.
239
00:20:40,940 --> 00:20:43,241
They'll have to take dig out
a lot of earth
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00:20:43,243 --> 00:20:48,045
to create galleries
on several levels.
241
00:20:48,047 --> 00:20:52,783
Soon, five young badgers
will be waking up at 7:00 am,
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00:20:52,785 --> 00:20:55,319
doing their business at 7:05,
243
00:20:55,321 --> 00:20:58,823
breakfast at 7:10,
baths at 7:15...
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00:21:01,693 --> 00:21:04,462
As a busy summer
comes to a close,
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00:21:04,464 --> 00:21:08,232
high overhead, flocks of geese
begin their journey
246
00:21:08,234 --> 00:21:11,702
to southern climes
to spend the winter.
247
00:21:11,704 --> 00:21:15,406
Crossing the Vosges,
248
00:21:15,408 --> 00:21:19,243
they fly over the fertile
plains of Alsace.
249
00:21:19,245 --> 00:21:21,912
[Goose honks]
250
00:21:21,914 --> 00:21:27,718
It's an ancient route --
over picturesque towns
251
00:21:27,720 --> 00:21:31,522
and farms, that were settled
long ago in these rolling hills.
252
00:21:33,692 --> 00:21:39,030
The geese have medieval
landmarks to guide them.
253
00:21:39,032 --> 00:21:41,966
But mostly, they have
a remarkable homing instinct
254
00:21:41,968 --> 00:21:45,136
that brings them back to
the same area year after year,
255
00:21:45,138 --> 00:21:48,439
even when their
migration takes them
256
00:21:48,441 --> 00:21:52,743
halfway around the world.
257
00:21:52,745 --> 00:21:57,348
The youngsters take advantage of
their parents' slipstream.
258
00:21:57,350 --> 00:22:00,051
The whole family
flies in formation
259
00:22:00,053 --> 00:22:03,421
as if part of
an aerial platoon.
260
00:22:03,423 --> 00:22:06,324
This saves them all energy,
261
00:22:06,326 --> 00:22:09,460
and that helps them cover
almost 200 miles a day.
262
00:22:15,434 --> 00:22:19,570
But youngsters don't always have
the patience for long trips.
263
00:22:19,572 --> 00:22:23,174
One young female has
an independent streak.
264
00:22:27,145 --> 00:22:29,046
Instead of saving energy,
265
00:22:29,048 --> 00:22:32,550
she spends her time
doing acrobatics, playing,
266
00:22:32,552 --> 00:22:34,618
and daydreaming.
267
00:22:37,989 --> 00:22:42,093
Her constant lagging behind
and falling out of formation
268
00:22:42,095 --> 00:22:46,297
is wreaking havoc
within the group.
269
00:22:48,767 --> 00:22:50,468
But she finally falls in line
270
00:22:50,470 --> 00:22:54,405
when the family spots a perfect
place to land for the night.
271
00:23:38,850 --> 00:23:43,254
They always look for water,
stopping to rest in marshlands,
272
00:23:43,256 --> 00:23:45,322
by rivers or by lakes.
273
00:24:00,639 --> 00:24:05,075
Come dawn, they will have to
wait for the cold fog to lift
274
00:24:05,077 --> 00:24:09,513
before taking to
the air again.
275
00:24:09,515 --> 00:24:11,749
True to her independent nature,
276
00:24:11,751 --> 00:24:14,919
the young rebel has
strayed off on her own
277
00:24:14,921 --> 00:24:17,154
to explore the surroundings.
278
00:24:17,156 --> 00:24:21,892
[Geese calling]
279
00:24:21,894 --> 00:24:24,195
But as the morning clears,
she hears the family
280
00:24:24,197 --> 00:24:26,664
calling for takeoff.
281
00:24:30,569 --> 00:24:34,104
She scrambles to get there.
282
00:24:34,106 --> 00:24:36,307
Just in time.
283
00:24:51,890 --> 00:24:55,092
She needs to pay more attention
to where they're going.
284
00:24:55,094 --> 00:24:57,862
Next year,
she and all her siblings
285
00:24:57,864 --> 00:25:00,531
will be making this
journey alone.
286
00:25:27,425 --> 00:25:29,126
As the geese head south,
287
00:25:29,128 --> 00:25:32,496
we head west to a region near
the Atlantic Ocean
288
00:25:32,498 --> 00:25:35,332
called Poitou-Charentes.
289
00:25:39,304 --> 00:25:42,540
It's home to one of the largest
wetlands in France,
290
00:25:42,542 --> 00:25:45,709
known as the Poitevin Marsh.
291
00:25:47,512 --> 00:25:50,848
Here, sea water
meets fresh water.
292
00:25:50,850 --> 00:25:55,519
In a place that's
half water, half land,
293
00:25:55,521 --> 00:25:58,556
wildlife flourishes.
294
00:25:58,558 --> 00:26:01,225
In the spring,
it is teeming with new life.
295
00:26:08,867 --> 00:26:11,669
And spring for one creature here
296
00:26:11,671 --> 00:26:15,806
is a time of incredible
transformation.
297
00:26:25,650 --> 00:26:28,018
The dragonfly.
298
00:26:30,455 --> 00:26:32,656
This small larva
299
00:26:32,658 --> 00:26:35,259
has spent more than a year
under the water.
300
00:26:35,261 --> 00:26:39,396
Tonight it will undergo
an amazing metamorphosis.
301
00:26:44,836 --> 00:26:46,870
It appears to inflate
302
00:26:46,872 --> 00:26:48,872
its new body
so that it can
303
00:26:48,874 --> 00:26:52,242
break out of its old skin.
304
00:27:11,663 --> 00:27:13,731
Its new feet emerge,
305
00:27:13,733 --> 00:27:17,468
but the dragonfly
can't use them yet
306
00:27:17,470 --> 00:27:19,236
as they're still
too soft.
307
00:27:19,238 --> 00:27:21,739
It must wait
for them to harden.
308
00:27:21,741 --> 00:27:24,742
In this position,
309
00:27:24,744 --> 00:27:26,443
it's vulnerable.
310
00:27:26,445 --> 00:27:27,745
Falling now
311
00:27:27,747 --> 00:27:29,947
would be certain death.
312
00:27:41,393 --> 00:27:44,828
Not far from the dragonfly's
precarious perch,
313
00:27:44,830 --> 00:27:47,931
another new birth
is about to happen.
314
00:27:47,933 --> 00:27:50,434
These are
greater horseshoe bats,
315
00:27:50,436 --> 00:27:54,071
a protected species
across Europe.
316
00:27:54,073 --> 00:27:56,874
The bats will often roost
317
00:27:56,876 --> 00:28:00,444
in old, unused buildings
in the late spring and summer,
318
00:28:00,446 --> 00:28:04,148
going out after sunset
to hunt and feed.
319
00:28:08,219 --> 00:28:10,087
This is a maternity roost,
320
00:28:10,089 --> 00:28:13,223
and it's time for
the new babies to be born.
321
00:28:31,309 --> 00:28:35,045
For this female
the contractions have begun.
322
00:28:39,851 --> 00:28:42,519
The head appears first.
323
00:28:44,556 --> 00:28:47,491
The mother begins by
cleaning her new born.
324
00:28:47,493 --> 00:28:51,428
She licks it and frees its ears,
which were stuck to its head.
325
00:28:54,432 --> 00:28:56,066
Once the baby is free,
326
00:28:56,068 --> 00:28:58,202
it immediately begins to suckle
327
00:28:58,204 --> 00:29:01,572
and will do so for
the first month of its life.
328
00:29:01,574 --> 00:29:04,341
The mother wraps her wings
329
00:29:04,343 --> 00:29:06,376
around her precious bundle,
330
00:29:06,378 --> 00:29:08,846
protecting it
from any danger.
331
00:29:27,265 --> 00:29:29,133
Back on the moonlit water,
332
00:29:29,135 --> 00:29:32,770
the dragonfly's feet
are at last hard enough.
333
00:29:32,772 --> 00:29:36,340
Finally, it can shed the
trappings of its former self.
334
00:29:41,913 --> 00:29:47,251
Now, its soft and intricate
wings slowly unfurl.
335
00:30:23,555 --> 00:30:27,257
Early morning has arrived
336
00:30:27,259 --> 00:30:30,260
and the transformation
is complete.
337
00:30:33,298 --> 00:30:36,233
Four independent wings
338
00:30:36,235 --> 00:30:39,336
on a perfectly
aerodynamic body.
339
00:30:52,884 --> 00:30:56,620
The small larva that came out of
the water last night
340
00:30:56,622 --> 00:31:00,691
has become one of the most
sophisticated flying creatures
341
00:31:00,693 --> 00:31:02,793
in the world.
342
00:31:06,598 --> 00:31:09,299
Soon, it will find a partner
343
00:31:09,301 --> 00:31:11,401
and the cycle will
begin again.
344
00:31:26,851 --> 00:31:31,188
The Poitevin Marsh
is a fascinating area.
345
00:31:31,190 --> 00:31:34,157
It was once completely
covered with wetlands
346
00:31:34,159 --> 00:31:38,095
and full of insects.
347
00:31:38,097 --> 00:31:41,832
Around the 10th century,
348
00:31:41,834 --> 00:31:44,768
monks started the process of
drying up the swamps.
349
00:31:44,770 --> 00:31:48,171
They built dams
to stop the water rising,
350
00:31:48,173 --> 00:31:51,875
and dug canals
to evacuate rainwater
351
00:31:51,877 --> 00:31:54,077
and to free up
the fertile soil.
352
00:31:57,582 --> 00:32:00,951
The land could then be used
for agriculture.
353
00:32:00,953 --> 00:32:03,720
But down through
the centuries,
354
00:32:03,722 --> 00:32:05,689
some areas have
355
00:32:05,691 --> 00:32:07,491
remained untouched.
356
00:32:13,932 --> 00:32:18,035
Many species of birds
come to nest here.
357
00:32:25,510 --> 00:32:27,744
Within this wetlands
358
00:32:27,746 --> 00:32:30,547
there's a hidden forest which
serves as a nursery
359
00:32:30,549 --> 00:32:31,882
for a colony of herons.
360
00:32:37,789 --> 00:32:42,426
These fledglings
are three weeks old
361
00:32:42,428 --> 00:32:44,795
and are constantly hungry.
362
00:32:54,639 --> 00:32:57,040
One of the three youngsters
stands back
363
00:32:57,042 --> 00:32:58,608
while the other two devour
364
00:32:58,610 --> 00:33:01,878
everything their mother
regurgitates.
365
00:33:04,849 --> 00:33:08,585
Usually both parents will help
feed the offspring,
366
00:33:08,587 --> 00:33:11,288
but here the male
has disappeared.
367
00:33:11,290 --> 00:33:14,858
The mother has to work twice as
hard to feed her young.
368
00:33:23,735 --> 00:33:26,870
She will fly up to 20 miles
369
00:33:26,872 --> 00:33:30,340
hunting for food
in the swamps.
370
00:33:30,342 --> 00:33:32,843
Competition for fishing spots
can be fierce.
371
00:33:42,987 --> 00:33:46,423
Competition within the nest
is just as fierce.
372
00:33:46,425 --> 00:33:50,360
The two strongest chicks
have united against
373
00:33:50,362 --> 00:33:53,296
the weakest
and smallest.
374
00:33:53,298 --> 00:33:56,433
He can only eat the leftovers.
375
00:33:56,435 --> 00:33:58,535
The problem is,
there aren't any.
376
00:34:01,773 --> 00:34:03,273
A single parent
377
00:34:03,275 --> 00:34:06,143
cannot possibly feed
all three.
378
00:34:06,145 --> 00:34:09,346
Instinctively, they attack
their little brother,
379
00:34:09,348 --> 00:34:11,782
in what is a struggle
for survival.
380
00:34:23,961 --> 00:34:26,329
The weakest of the three
will die
381
00:34:26,331 --> 00:34:29,533
so that that the other two
can live.
382
00:34:29,535 --> 00:34:32,669
The laws of nature
can often seem cruel.
383
00:34:38,142 --> 00:34:41,211
Moving back to
the south of France,
384
00:34:41,213 --> 00:34:45,315
there is an area known as
the Cévennes,
385
00:34:45,317 --> 00:34:48,652
a maze of mountains,
deep valleys,
386
00:34:48,654 --> 00:34:50,821
and winding rivers.
387
00:34:59,363 --> 00:35:02,799
The river water descending
from these granite mountains
388
00:35:02,801 --> 00:35:06,636
has carved out the distinctive
contours of this stunning area.
389
00:35:06,638 --> 00:35:09,172
Over time,
390
00:35:09,174 --> 00:35:12,609
the water has dug out canyons
hundreds of feet deep.
391
00:35:15,613 --> 00:35:18,381
In the cliffs of these
spectacular canyons
392
00:35:18,383 --> 00:35:21,318
there is
an extraordinary animal,
393
00:35:21,320 --> 00:35:24,754
the griffon vulture.
394
00:35:24,756 --> 00:35:26,890
Until recent years,
395
00:35:26,892 --> 00:35:29,359
vultures had almost
completely disappeared.
396
00:35:29,361 --> 00:35:32,329
Successful re-introduction
programs have dramatically
397
00:35:32,331 --> 00:35:35,899
increased the number of
these formidable birds.
398
00:35:37,969 --> 00:35:40,937
Vultures live in colonies
and they work together
399
00:35:40,939 --> 00:35:43,874
to scavenge for food.
400
00:35:43,876 --> 00:35:47,944
It's 6:00 in the morning
and the sun hasn't as yet
401
00:35:47,946 --> 00:35:50,547
penetrated the depths
of the canyons.
402
00:35:50,549 --> 00:35:54,618
Without the sun to warm the air
403
00:35:54,620 --> 00:36:00,357
and make it rise,
the vultures do not fly.
404
00:36:00,359 --> 00:36:04,694
They may be hungry, but there's
no question of moving yet.
405
00:36:10,401 --> 00:36:12,102
At last,
406
00:36:12,104 --> 00:36:15,505
the air can carry them.
407
00:36:38,129 --> 00:36:41,431
Like an air squadron,
dozens of vultures
408
00:36:41,433 --> 00:36:44,301
fill the sky.
409
00:36:44,303 --> 00:36:47,337
The warm currents
410
00:36:47,339 --> 00:36:51,474
help them gain height.
411
00:36:51,476 --> 00:36:54,544
As part of their
scavenging strategy,
412
00:36:54,546 --> 00:36:58,014
they divide up
the territory.
413
00:36:58,016 --> 00:36:59,916
The large birds fly
several miles,
414
00:36:59,918 --> 00:37:01,818
scanning every inch of
their land,
415
00:37:01,820 --> 00:37:05,555
yet never losing sight of
the other vultures.
416
00:37:05,557 --> 00:37:10,360
If one of them spots something,
it immediately dives down.
417
00:37:12,930 --> 00:37:14,998
The other vultures
haven't seen it,
418
00:37:15,000 --> 00:37:18,068
but they've noticed that
one of them is absent.
419
00:37:18,070 --> 00:37:21,304
This means there is something
to eat down below.
420
00:37:40,791 --> 00:37:42,158
In a matter of seconds
421
00:37:42,160 --> 00:37:44,594
the entire colony gathers
at the feast.
422
00:37:44,596 --> 00:37:47,697
The work of one
benefits all.
423
00:37:55,072 --> 00:37:57,540
Each bird can now
return to its nest
424
00:37:57,542 --> 00:38:01,044
with a share of the spoils
for its youngsters.
425
00:38:01,046 --> 00:38:03,013
Vultures eat rotting carcasses,
426
00:38:03,015 --> 00:38:05,749
helping to prevent
the spread of disease,
427
00:38:05,751 --> 00:38:09,386
cleansing the wilderness.
428
00:38:09,388 --> 00:38:13,156
The return of these imposing
birds across this region
429
00:38:13,158 --> 00:38:15,358
is widely celebrated.
430
00:38:18,929 --> 00:38:21,798
To the north of
the Cévennes mountain range
431
00:38:21,800 --> 00:38:23,933
is a region called
the Lozère.
432
00:38:23,935 --> 00:38:27,537
The mountains of the Lozère
are home to an insect
433
00:38:27,539 --> 00:38:30,774
which is unique to this area --
a black bee.
434
00:38:33,210 --> 00:38:36,046
It is only thanks to
intensive conservation efforts
435
00:38:36,048 --> 00:38:37,747
that the pure breed
of this bee
436
00:38:37,749 --> 00:38:40,984
can still be found here.
437
00:38:40,986 --> 00:38:43,320
The bees sally forth
438
00:38:43,322 --> 00:38:45,088
using scent to locate
439
00:38:45,090 --> 00:38:47,424
a source of nectar.
440
00:38:50,161 --> 00:38:52,929
These flower loving insects
are workaholics,
441
00:38:52,931 --> 00:38:56,333
and they all
work together.
442
00:38:56,335 --> 00:38:58,601
When a successful forager
443
00:38:58,603 --> 00:39:02,072
returns to the hive, it passes
the scent of the flowers
444
00:39:02,074 --> 00:39:06,643
to its nest mates to help them
find the same patch of blossoms.
445
00:39:06,645 --> 00:39:08,978
Through a series of dances,
it indicates
446
00:39:08,980 --> 00:39:11,614
the direction, distance,
and even the quantity
447
00:39:11,616 --> 00:39:14,217
of pollen available.
448
00:39:14,219 --> 00:39:17,354
But every bee has to earn
449
00:39:17,356 --> 00:39:19,656
the right to forage.
450
00:39:19,658 --> 00:39:21,758
It starts out as a cleaner,
a nursemaid,
451
00:39:21,760 --> 00:39:23,760
and then a builder,
452
00:39:23,762 --> 00:39:27,263
before finally being promoted
to nectar gatherer.
453
00:39:27,265 --> 00:39:29,265
Then, after only thirty days,
454
00:39:29,267 --> 00:39:34,003
it will fall to the ground,
struck down by exhaustion.
455
00:39:34,005 --> 00:39:37,941
Its short life is dedicated to
the good of the hive
456
00:39:37,943 --> 00:39:42,178
and the all-important production
of golden honey.
457
00:39:47,651 --> 00:39:50,553
Lozère is the source of
many rivers,
458
00:39:50,555 --> 00:39:53,790
the most famous of which
is the river Tarn.
459
00:40:02,600 --> 00:40:05,969
In the spring, the Tarn is at
its most powerful,
460
00:40:05,971 --> 00:40:08,638
with exciting,
fast flowing torrents.
461
00:40:16,914 --> 00:40:18,615
Within this river is a creature
462
00:40:18,617 --> 00:40:21,317
which is beginning to make
a comeback in France.
463
00:40:25,790 --> 00:40:30,126
The otter.
464
00:40:31,829 --> 00:40:33,763
With its streamlined body,
465
00:40:33,765 --> 00:40:37,200
the otter is a skillful
submarine predator.
466
00:40:37,202 --> 00:40:39,035
It has powerful
webbed feet,
467
00:40:39,037 --> 00:40:41,004
and whiskers
that help it detect
468
00:40:41,006 --> 00:40:44,874
the slightest movement of
any underwater prey.
469
00:40:56,320 --> 00:41:00,824
The otters' stretch of the river
runs for 25 miles.
470
00:41:00,826 --> 00:41:04,394
Otters are a threatened species
across Europe,
471
00:41:04,396 --> 00:41:06,396
but with the help of
protection laws
472
00:41:06,398 --> 00:41:08,465
and the improvement of
water quality,
473
00:41:08,467 --> 00:41:09,799
there is evidence that
474
00:41:09,801 --> 00:41:11,668
their numbers are
gradually recovering.
475
00:41:17,608 --> 00:41:20,877
Not everyone in the river
is enthusiastic about this.
476
00:41:20,879 --> 00:41:22,645
Otters have healthy appetites.
477
00:41:39,363 --> 00:41:42,599
But a healthy river
with a vibrant predator
478
00:41:42,601 --> 00:41:45,134
is good for everyone
in the end.
479
00:41:49,807 --> 00:41:53,543
A hundred miles off
the southeastern coast of France
480
00:41:53,545 --> 00:41:57,280
in the Mediterranean Sea
lies the island of Corsica.
481
00:42:00,985 --> 00:42:05,388
Two-thirds of this majestic
island is made up of mountains
482
00:42:05,390 --> 00:42:09,359
which form one single chain
along its entire length.
483
00:42:17,301 --> 00:42:20,169
And a peninsula
on its west coast
484
00:42:20,171 --> 00:42:24,040
has been set aside as
the Scandola Nature Reserve.
485
00:42:24,042 --> 00:42:25,542
It's famous for
486
00:42:25,544 --> 00:42:29,379
its high red cliffs
that rise 3,000 feet
487
00:42:29,381 --> 00:42:31,147
out of the sea,
488
00:42:31,149 --> 00:42:32,882
and its almost
inaccessible
489
00:42:32,884 --> 00:42:35,952
islets and coves.
490
00:42:51,735 --> 00:42:55,505
Scandola is one of the oldest
reserves in France
491
00:42:55,507 --> 00:42:58,308
and a UNESCO
World Heritage Site.
492
00:42:58,310 --> 00:43:00,276
It's been strictly protected
493
00:43:00,278 --> 00:43:03,680
in order to return the area
to its natural state.
494
00:43:17,761 --> 00:43:20,663
The sea conceals
another
495
00:43:20,665 --> 00:43:22,765
extraordinary landscape.
496
00:43:22,767 --> 00:43:24,267
Scandola Reserve
497
00:43:24,269 --> 00:43:26,069
guards one of
the Mediterranean's
498
00:43:26,071 --> 00:43:28,805
most important ecosystems.
499
00:43:28,807 --> 00:43:31,274
It's a favorite spawning ground
500
00:43:31,276 --> 00:43:33,209
for many kinds of fish.
501
00:43:33,211 --> 00:43:36,913
The eggs laid here
are carried by the current
502
00:43:36,915 --> 00:43:38,448
outside the limits
of the reserve
503
00:43:38,450 --> 00:43:39,949
and help nurture
504
00:43:39,951 --> 00:43:41,951
all the neighboring
marine life.
505
00:43:41,953 --> 00:43:46,723
And it's the home of
a once endangered fish --
506
00:43:46,725 --> 00:43:49,459
the grouper.
507
00:43:51,629 --> 00:43:55,365
The grouper would normally live
on the sea floor
508
00:43:55,367 --> 00:43:58,668
at depths of up to
a thousand feet,
509
00:43:58,670 --> 00:44:01,137
but here, it can be seen
much closer to the surface.
510
00:44:01,139 --> 00:44:04,707
Groupers are born female,
511
00:44:04,709 --> 00:44:09,445
but by the age of sixteen,
they change sex to become male.
512
00:44:09,447 --> 00:44:12,715
As part of their courtship,
the males change color
513
00:44:12,717 --> 00:44:17,453
as a means of seduction.
514
00:44:17,455 --> 00:44:20,790
Gatherings of groupers are
returning to the Mediterranean,
515
00:44:20,792 --> 00:44:22,992
all made possible
516
00:44:22,994 --> 00:44:25,595
by the protection of
Scandola Reserve.
517
00:44:29,967 --> 00:44:32,435
Close to the reserve is a beach
518
00:44:32,437 --> 00:44:35,405
where fresh water
joins the sea --
519
00:44:35,407 --> 00:44:37,707
the Fango Delta.
520
00:44:37,709 --> 00:44:39,242
In these natural ponds,
521
00:44:39,244 --> 00:44:41,744
there lives a creature
that has existed
522
00:44:41,746 --> 00:44:43,246
for millions of years --
523
00:44:43,248 --> 00:44:48,117
the turtle.
524
00:44:48,119 --> 00:44:50,386
Although found in
many different places,
525
00:44:50,388 --> 00:44:51,754
the European pond turtle
526
00:44:51,756 --> 00:44:53,990
is under threat from
water pollution
527
00:44:53,992 --> 00:44:55,425
and habitat destruction.
528
00:44:55,427 --> 00:44:58,294
Its numbers
have been declining.
529
00:44:58,296 --> 00:45:03,299
Here, though,
it appears to be flourishing.
530
00:45:03,301 --> 00:45:06,402
As a cold-blooded reptile,
531
00:45:06,404 --> 00:45:10,873
it needs a dose of solar energy
to warm up.
532
00:45:10,875 --> 00:45:13,376
But this shy species
will dive right back into water
533
00:45:13,378 --> 00:45:15,912
if disturbed.
534
00:45:22,386 --> 00:45:26,556
Here, it hunts for
fish, insects, or mollusks.
535
00:45:31,962 --> 00:45:35,264
It is the mating season,
and the courtship technique
536
00:45:35,266 --> 00:45:37,767
of the turtle
is a curious one.
537
00:45:37,769 --> 00:45:43,840
The male approaches
the female suddenly...
538
00:45:43,842 --> 00:45:45,441
pinning her in place,
539
00:45:45,443 --> 00:45:48,344
biting her face and neck
as they mate.
540
00:45:48,346 --> 00:45:50,680
If he's not careful,
the technique can inflict
541
00:45:50,682 --> 00:45:52,181
serious injuries
542
00:45:52,183 --> 00:45:55,518
on the female.
543
00:45:55,520 --> 00:45:58,521
It's brutal,
and she struggles not to drown,
544
00:45:58,523 --> 00:46:01,624
but somehow, they manage to
continue the line.
545
00:46:05,696 --> 00:46:09,632
[Buzzing]
546
00:46:09,634 --> 00:46:12,769
Moving inland towards
the center of Corsica,
547
00:46:12,771 --> 00:46:15,905
the terrain is full of
dense, thorny bushes.
548
00:46:15,907 --> 00:46:18,574
To survive in this
prickly environment,
549
00:46:18,576 --> 00:46:22,211
you need a very
thick skin.
550
00:46:29,987 --> 00:46:32,722
The king of this terrain
551
00:46:32,724 --> 00:46:34,957
is the wild boar.
552
00:46:37,995 --> 00:46:40,997
Most wild boars
553
00:46:40,999 --> 00:46:44,367
live in close knit groups
of around twenty.
554
00:46:44,369 --> 00:46:48,971
They're mostly families of
females and their young.
555
00:46:48,973 --> 00:46:52,942
Females will normally have
between four and eight babies
556
00:46:52,944 --> 00:46:57,146
and they are
very protective mothers.
557
00:46:57,148 --> 00:47:01,217
Boars are scavengers
558
00:47:01,219 --> 00:47:03,219
and eat almost anything
they come across,
559
00:47:03,221 --> 00:47:05,488
including grass, nuts,
560
00:47:05,490 --> 00:47:08,724
roots, even small reptiles.
561
00:47:16,366 --> 00:47:18,968
During the mating season,
562
00:47:18,970 --> 00:47:21,737
large solitary males will travel
across the countryside
563
00:47:21,739 --> 00:47:23,272
in search of female groups.
564
00:47:29,146 --> 00:47:32,181
They are capable of covering
several miles
565
00:47:32,183 --> 00:47:34,483
of varied and difficult terrain
every day.
566
00:47:36,220 --> 00:47:38,621
This breeding strategy
567
00:47:38,623 --> 00:47:40,923
tests their strength
and endurance.
568
00:47:40,925 --> 00:47:43,526
It helps to maintain
a strong population,
569
00:47:43,528 --> 00:47:46,028
not just here on the island
of Corsica,
570
00:47:46,030 --> 00:47:48,931
but across
the whole of France.
571
00:47:52,202 --> 00:47:54,937
Heading north,
we return to the mainland,
572
00:47:54,939 --> 00:47:58,875
where the rising mountains meet
the warm Mediterranean weather.
573
00:48:01,411 --> 00:48:07,750
[Thunder crashing]
574
00:48:12,990 --> 00:48:15,291
In the foothills of the Alps,
575
00:48:15,293 --> 00:48:19,428
the deep forest can be
a scary place for little ones.
576
00:48:35,545 --> 00:48:36,879
It's early spring,
577
00:48:36,881 --> 00:48:40,249
and these two wolf cubs
are just three weeks old.
578
00:48:42,386 --> 00:48:45,621
It's the first time they have
ventured out of their dark den
579
00:48:45,623 --> 00:48:47,823
to see their surroundings.
580
00:48:47,825 --> 00:48:49,825
They will need to learn
581
00:48:49,827 --> 00:48:54,497
who is friend and who is foe
in their forest home.
582
00:49:00,237 --> 00:49:03,572
As daylight comes,
there's a whole new world
583
00:49:03,574 --> 00:49:05,508
above their den to explore.
584
00:49:07,544 --> 00:49:09,779
But the cubs are afraid.
585
00:49:16,353 --> 00:49:19,555
Their parents return
to check on them.
586
00:49:32,536 --> 00:49:35,137
The pups are cared for
by all members of the pack,
587
00:49:35,139 --> 00:49:38,407
but their mother is
the most important to them.
588
00:49:38,409 --> 00:49:41,310
[Whimpering, grunting]
589
00:49:44,314 --> 00:49:47,616
Wolves were hunted almost to
extinction in France
590
00:49:47,618 --> 00:49:50,086
in the 1930s.
591
00:49:50,088 --> 00:49:52,021
Now, a protected species,
592
00:49:52,023 --> 00:49:54,523
and their numbers
are on the rise.
593
00:50:05,335 --> 00:50:09,638
By winter, the small cubs
will be almost fully grown
594
00:50:09,640 --> 00:50:12,608
and ready to travel
with the pack
595
00:50:12,610 --> 00:50:15,011
into a returning wilderness.
596
00:50:23,620 --> 00:50:28,090
Our journey comes to an end
in the west, in the Pyrenees,
597
00:50:28,092 --> 00:50:31,827
a mountain stronghold
between France and Spain.
598
00:50:31,829 --> 00:50:33,963
High in this tilted terrain,
599
00:50:33,965 --> 00:50:38,467
the brown bear
is also making a comeback.
600
00:50:38,469 --> 00:50:42,505
By the 1930s,
these fearsome bears
601
00:50:42,507 --> 00:50:45,307
were all but gone
from the French landscape.
602
00:50:45,309 --> 00:50:47,243
Now, a small number
have been
603
00:50:47,245 --> 00:50:49,178
re-introduced
into these mountains.
604
00:50:53,950 --> 00:50:56,719
Here, bears find
a seasonal abundance
605
00:50:56,721 --> 00:50:58,854
of wild foods
606
00:50:58,856 --> 00:51:00,456
as they roam
their old haunts.
607
00:51:00,458 --> 00:51:04,427
[Bear grunting]
608
00:51:04,429 --> 00:51:05,895
They will eat insects,
609
00:51:05,897 --> 00:51:08,931
berries, plants,
610
00:51:08,933 --> 00:51:12,168
and fish --
helping to restore a world
611
00:51:12,170 --> 00:51:14,136
that was slipping away.
612
00:51:28,752 --> 00:51:30,886
Bears, wolves,
613
00:51:30,888 --> 00:51:35,524
vultures, and otters --
these are more than
614
00:51:35,526 --> 00:51:39,228
wonderful animals,
more than mere symbols.
615
00:51:46,303 --> 00:51:48,571
These are creatures
616
00:51:48,573 --> 00:51:51,207
that make a place whole.
617
00:51:51,209 --> 00:51:55,244
They bring back
a natural balance.
618
00:51:55,246 --> 00:51:58,981
And they are helping France
find its way
619
00:51:58,983 --> 00:52:01,750
to living with the wild.
620
00:52:41,391 --> 00:52:45,594
To learn more about what you've seen on this "Nature" program,
621
00:52:45,596 --> 00:52:48,097
visit pbs.org.
48936
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