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(pulsing guitar music)
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In Patagonia
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the rules are simple.
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In order to eat, a puma must use stealth.
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For her prey, staying alive requires vigilance.
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She holds the power of life
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and death.
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(hoof beats)
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(cat screams)
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But even for this master hunter,
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survival is the ultimate challenge.
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(tranquil birds chirping)
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Late afternoon in the Southern Andes.
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It's a time when this predator and her prey
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maintain an uneasy truce.
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(guanaco calls)
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The guanacos know that she mainly hunts at night.
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(guanaco calls)
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So they should be safe,
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at least until the sun goes down.
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(wind blows)
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(ominous music)
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Like all cats,
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the puma has superb night vision.
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But if the guanacos detect her scent,
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the hunt will be over.
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(ominous music)
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(guanaco calls)
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She circles around
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to stay downwind of her quarry.
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The guanaco is blissfully unaware,
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contentedly chewing it's cud.
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But not for long.
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(ominous music)
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(thundering music)
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(puma screams) (guanaco cries)
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Once her prey is still,
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the puma wastes no time gorging herself.
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The guanacos stay on alert,
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but the puma will not kill again tonight.
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She won't have to.
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Torres del Paine National Park in southern Chile.
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This is the puma's hunting ground.
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(bird calls)
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A place as harsh and unforgiving as it's climate.
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(strong wind blows)
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Fierce storms can erupt in an instant.
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They lash the land and it's inhabitants
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with hurricane force winds.
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(wind blows)
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Then, just as quickly, calm is restored.
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And life can return to normal.
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(gentle music)
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It's November. Spring.
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After the bleak southern winter,
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color is returning to the land.
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Scarlet Gorse and Slipper Flowers are in bloom.
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(birds chirping)
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Everywhere there are signs of abundance.
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And of new life.
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A litter of fox cubs, just two weeks old.
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(fox cries)
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Already they're hard at work,
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figuring out their pecking order,
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and exploring their new world.
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The guanacos have their own newborns to care for.
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The fox cubs aren't quite sure
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what to make of these strange creatures.
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(guitar music)
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The calves, called chulengos,
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are kept together in a kind of guanaco nursery.
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(guitar music)
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Here, under adult supervision,
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they can safely play and socialize,
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and master skills they'll need to survive.
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When playtime is over, it's time for grooming.
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Wallowing in a dry hollow helps get rid of parasites
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before they settle in their thick fleece.
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(guitar music)
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The herd seems nervous today.
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Perhaps they've caught a whiff of puma.
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Daylight hunts are rarely succesful,
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but this hungry puma is willing to take a chance.
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Her loose stomach is a sign that she's recently given birth.
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She needs to eat more to produce enough milk.
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(ominous music)
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(puma cries)
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The puma is lucky,
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scoring a kill close to where she hid her cubs.
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They instinctively stay under cover
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until they hear her call.
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(puma calls)
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Once she eats her fill
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she does her best to hide the carcass,
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so she can save the rest for another meal.
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(puma cries)
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(cubs cry)
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Mother and cubs retreat to the woods to spend the afternoon.
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She can use her rest.
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The cubs are always raring to go.
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Trees are uncommon in this section of the park,
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and the grove is home to other families too.
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A Chilean Flicker is raising a brood of chicks.
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(tranquil music)
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Fortunately, for all these new mothers and their young,
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it's a time of plenty in Torres del Paine.
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The animals take advantage of it while they can.
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Even the fox, usually active at night,
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is out and about in broad daylight.
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(playful music)
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When she gets home, there's always a warm welcome.
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(fox cries)
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Her five cubs are growing fast.
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And it's up to her to make sure the milk keeps flowing
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by keeping herself well fed.
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For the guanacos, there are other priorities besides eating.
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The mating season is beginning
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and males are eager to show who's boss.
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There's only room for one dominant male in the herd.
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Rivals fight for the job.
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(guanaco cries)
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There's a lot at stake.
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The winner gets to claim the herd's females as his harem,
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and pass on his genes to the next generation.
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The loser must be on his way.
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Now the dominant male can get down to business.
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Her scent tells him she's ready to mate.
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But she won't make it too easy.
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When she drops to the ground, he knows she's willing.
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Sex among guanacos can be a brief affair.
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If their timing is off, things can get a little awkward.
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While the lead male tends to his duties,
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other members of the herd stand guard.
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(epic music)
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Night is not far off,
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and night always brings danger.
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At the edge of the woods, the puma rests.
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She needs her strength for the rigors of the hunt.
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For the cubs, nap time is over,
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and they're ready for more games.
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(mischevious music)
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Tree climbing comes naturally to pumas,
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as it does to most cats.
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But figuring out how to get back down takes practice.
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A Magellanic Horned Owl is not impressed with their skills.
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The third cub has other interests.
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Climbing is kid's stuff.
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She's practicing the grown-up art of stalking.
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But owls are not easy prey.
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By late afternoon the guanaco herd is growing edgy.
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This is when the puma begins to prowl.
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She's a master hunter.
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Controlling a territory that could take in
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more than 100 square kilometers.
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But every hunt is a gamble,
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and she can't always get what she wants.
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(ominous music)
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The key to success is stealth.
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Especially in daylight, with the guanacos on alert.
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She must not only surprise her prey,
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but keep any other animals from raising the alarm.
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(guanaco screams)
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(pounding music)
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(puma screams)
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The puma would normally hide her kill
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while she fetches her cubs.
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But it has already attracted attention.
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She takes a chance,
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though she knows the scavengers
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will arrive as soon as she leaves.
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And they do.
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The guanaco weighs about 100 kilograms.
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There should be plenty left when she gets back.
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The Crested Caracara is first on the scene.
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But it's a timid bird and soon retreats,
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allowing the fox to take over.
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Caracara's may be cousins of hawks and falcons,
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but they're not much for hunting
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or fighting off a fox.
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(sweeping music)
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Under cover of darkness the rightful owner of the kill
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returns to reclaim her prize.
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Once she's confident the coast is clear,
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she calls her cubs to supper.
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At two months old, they're nearly weened,
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graduating from mother's milk to a share of her kills.
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And young pumas quickly acquire a taste for meat.
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(growling)
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Even at the rate they're eating,
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this big guanaco could feed the family
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for two or three days.
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If they can keep it from scavengers.
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The mother puma knows when they've had enough.
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(mother puma cries)
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But the cubs, always ravenous, need reminding.
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(playful music)
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For them, a break from eating is another chance to play.
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(playful music)
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Their mom isn't interested.
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Hunting and feeding have left her exhausted.
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They'll depend on the leftovers for their next meal.
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It's not easy to hide such a big carcass.
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But she worked too hard to lose it all to scavengers.
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Now it's time to go.
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They need to find a secluded spot
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where the cubs will be safe,
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and she can regain her strength for the next hunt.
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(epic music)
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The craggy peaks of Torres del Paine
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are home to condors,
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one of the region's top scavengers.
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And that's unfortunate for the puma.
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With their sharp eyes,
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death rarely escapes the condor's notice.
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Caracaras are already hard at work on the pumas kill,
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but their meal will soon come to an end.
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Condors are big and powerful, with an enormous wingspan,
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more than three meters.
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Now the carcass is theirs.
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And with so many gathering at the feast,
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there will be nothing left for the pumas when they return.
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(hungry growls)
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But condors are skittish birds.
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Any disturbance can distract them from feeding,
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or throw them into a panic.
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But it's hard to takeoff uphill,
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especially on a full stomach.
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Condors need a lot of lift under their big wings.
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(majestic music)
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They return to the safety of their rookeries
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to wait for their next opportunity.
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This is the opening the caracaras were watiting for.
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(caracaras calling)
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The fox doesn't want to miss her chance either.
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(caracaras calling)
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It's a nice change from her usual diet
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of rodents and rabbits.
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Once she eats her fill,
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the caracaras can come back for seconds.
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Like the puma and the fox,
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the birds have their own young ones to feed.
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(birds calling)
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Caracara chicks are always hungry
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and their parents aren't great hunters.
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Having fresh meat available makes life a lot easier.
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(birds calling)
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Only the puma can take down an adult guanaco.
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But the big cat's hunting skill
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provides a windfall for many of it's neighbors.
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It can spell the difference between survival and starvation.
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For the guanacos, the best way to survive
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is to stay on guard.
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It's autumn now, when they gather in large herds.
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Sentinels are deployed at every vantage point.
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They depend on their keen senses to detect the puma
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before she has a chance to strike.
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After losing her last kill to scavengers,
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the puma is risking another daylight hunt.
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Her cubs are growing fast,
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and she's the family's only hunter.
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To hide her scent, she stalks into the wind.
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And the steady autumn breeze
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covers the sound of her approach.
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(ominous music)
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But with so many eyes surveying the landscape
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(guanaco calls)
267
00:28:35,951 --> 00:28:38,185
(guanaco calls)
268
00:28:38,185 --> 00:28:41,130
the puma is usually spotted.
269
00:28:53,028 --> 00:28:55,362
Once the sentinels sound the alarm
270
00:28:55,362 --> 00:28:57,237
the game is up.
271
00:29:04,324 --> 00:29:06,583
Every animal within earshot
272
00:29:06,583 --> 00:29:09,794
knows about the puma's failed hunt.
273
00:29:35,318 --> 00:29:39,731
She and her cubs will have to try their luck elsewhere.
274
00:29:48,875 --> 00:29:53,258
(slow music)
275
00:29:55,039 --> 00:29:58,969
(wind blows)
276
00:30:00,839 --> 00:30:05,646
(majestic music)
277
00:30:15,767 --> 00:30:19,444
June marks the start of winter in Patagonia.
278
00:30:20,988 --> 00:30:24,331
Fierce storms sweep in from the Pacific Ocean
279
00:30:24,331 --> 00:30:26,990
or over the inland ice fields.
280
00:30:28,850 --> 00:30:31,955
Bringing snow to Torres del Paine.
281
00:30:38,567 --> 00:30:42,059
Most of the parks inhabitants take it in stride.
282
00:31:07,453 --> 00:31:09,671
The puma follows the guanacos
283
00:31:09,671 --> 00:31:11,709
down to lower elevations.
284
00:31:13,502 --> 00:31:15,801
But even the thin snow cover here
285
00:31:15,801 --> 00:31:18,552
makes the big cat easier to spot,
286
00:31:18,552 --> 00:31:21,798
which makes hunting harder.
287
00:31:35,770 --> 00:31:38,980
The guanacos always find something to eat.
288
00:31:39,531 --> 00:31:42,696
Grass is almost never completely buried.
289
00:31:46,242 --> 00:31:50,073
The Magellan Barbery keeps it's leaves all year round,
290
00:31:50,073 --> 00:31:53,586
and the thorns pose no problem.
291
00:32:01,258 --> 00:32:05,513
(sweeping music)
292
00:32:06,134 --> 00:32:11,134
Even in winter, the ground seldom stays white for very long.
293
00:32:17,279 --> 00:32:21,523
Constant mountain winds blow away most of the snow.
294
00:32:23,653 --> 00:32:27,813
A single sunny afternoon will take care of the rest.
295
00:32:31,870 --> 00:32:34,529
Despite the challenges of winter hunting,
296
00:32:34,529 --> 00:32:37,406
today the puma and her cubs can feed
297
00:32:37,406 --> 00:32:40,212
on the carcass of last night's kill.
298
00:32:42,505 --> 00:32:46,006
Scavengers keep a close eye on the puma's movements.
299
00:32:51,317 --> 00:32:55,175
But she knows better than to give away the location.
300
00:33:11,956 --> 00:33:16,212
The pumas wait until twilight to return to the kill.
301
00:33:17,965 --> 00:33:21,466
In this light, they're much harder to spot.
302
00:33:25,883 --> 00:33:28,966
These big cats live in many habitats.
303
00:33:29,584 --> 00:33:31,595
From the Rockies of North America
304
00:33:31,595 --> 00:33:34,756
all the way to southern Patagonia.
305
00:33:35,505 --> 00:33:37,353
They go by many names.
306
00:33:37,353 --> 00:33:40,263
Cougar, Mountain Lion,
307
00:33:40,263 --> 00:33:43,566
Panther, and Puma.
308
00:33:47,934 --> 00:33:50,282
The pumas here in Torres del Paine
309
00:33:50,282 --> 00:33:52,581
are some of the largest of their kind,
310
00:33:52,581 --> 00:33:54,733
and they're thriving.
311
00:33:55,414 --> 00:33:57,369
(growling)
312
00:33:57,719 --> 00:34:00,907
By hiding the carcass under a layer of grass,
313
00:34:00,907 --> 00:34:04,387
one kill can supply them with several meals.
314
00:34:05,379 --> 00:34:07,515
But it doesn't last as long as it did
315
00:34:07,515 --> 00:34:09,585
when the cubs were small.
316
00:34:19,682 --> 00:34:21,441
While her family is eating,
317
00:34:21,441 --> 00:34:24,779
the puma will tolerate no intrusions.
318
00:34:25,318 --> 00:34:28,494
Certainly not from a scavenging fox.
319
00:34:30,450 --> 00:34:33,579
He knows better than to risk a direct challenge.
320
00:34:34,119 --> 00:34:38,421
He'll have to settle for scraps if he wants to live.
321
00:34:41,572 --> 00:34:46,420
(epic music)
322
00:35:06,429 --> 00:35:09,367
The mother puma is an expert hunter,
323
00:35:10,217 --> 00:35:12,705
and an excellent provider.
324
00:35:20,582 --> 00:35:22,289
For nearly a year and a half,
325
00:35:22,289 --> 00:35:24,425
she has cared for her three cubs,
326
00:35:24,425 --> 00:35:27,496
and taught them the ways of their kind.
327
00:35:36,139 --> 00:35:40,105
It's almost time for them to start doing their own hunting.
328
00:35:45,471 --> 00:35:48,608
They're becoming more interested in the guanacos.
329
00:35:50,108 --> 00:35:53,739
And the guanacos try to keep their distance.
330
00:36:04,333 --> 00:36:08,635
For now though, the cubs seem to be in no hurry to grow up.
331
00:36:13,180 --> 00:36:17,470
(guitar music)
332
00:36:17,851 --> 00:36:21,972
Like the constant winds that scour these granite peaks,
333
00:36:21,972 --> 00:36:24,776
the seasons flow ceaselessly.
334
00:36:31,945 --> 00:36:36,328
Soon it's summer again in Torres del Paine.
335
00:36:50,338 --> 00:36:51,831
(guanaco cries)
336
00:36:52,911 --> 00:36:56,632
For the guanaco herd, it's time for calving.
337
00:37:09,571 --> 00:37:12,729
Like their relatives, llamas and alpacas,
338
00:37:12,729 --> 00:37:16,485
guanacos often give birth standing up.
339
00:37:19,151 --> 00:37:23,209
(grand music)
340
00:37:31,800 --> 00:37:35,138
For the newborn, it's a rude awakening.
341
00:37:42,806 --> 00:37:45,274
But there is no time to waste.
342
00:37:46,103 --> 00:37:49,401
If the little chulengo is to have any chance of survival,
343
00:37:49,401 --> 00:37:52,274
it must stand up right away.
344
00:37:58,781 --> 00:38:02,828
The world it has entered is a dangerous place.
345
00:38:03,414 --> 00:38:07,835
(ominous music)
346
00:38:36,531 --> 00:38:39,161
(puma cries)
347
00:38:43,369 --> 00:38:46,580
The puma makes off with a guanaco calf.
348
00:38:47,085 --> 00:38:51,405
But instead of killing it, she turns it over to her cubs.
349
00:38:56,428 --> 00:39:00,974
She watches what happens so she can judge their progress.
350
00:39:04,134 --> 00:39:08,348
It may seem cruel to us, but this is an important test
351
00:39:08,348 --> 00:39:10,850
of the cubs' killer instincts.
352
00:39:11,735 --> 00:39:15,688
Finally, one of the cubs finishes off the chulengo.
353
00:39:18,364 --> 00:39:20,901
She shows promise as a hunter.
354
00:39:22,288 --> 00:39:25,708
And no wonder, she has a good teacher.
355
00:39:46,924 --> 00:39:50,305
The cubs' education is almost over.
356
00:39:58,798 --> 00:40:00,816
Soon they will leave their mother
357
00:40:00,816 --> 00:40:03,028
and head out on their own.
358
00:40:13,088 --> 00:40:15,174
As full fledged hunters,
359
00:40:15,174 --> 00:40:19,174
they'll assume a crucial role in this wildlife community.
360
00:40:25,298 --> 00:40:28,561
Pumas not only provide food for their neighbors,
361
00:40:28,561 --> 00:40:31,800
they help control the population of their prey,
362
00:40:31,800 --> 00:40:34,186
and prevent overgrazing.
363
00:40:37,651 --> 00:40:41,988
But will the cubs be ready when the time comes?
364
00:40:53,960 --> 00:40:56,712
At 17 months, the puma cubs
365
00:40:56,712 --> 00:40:59,505
are nearing the end of their time together.
366
00:41:01,217 --> 00:41:05,344
(playful music)
367
00:41:19,186 --> 00:41:21,929
Soon they'll be solitary hunters.
368
00:41:23,366 --> 00:41:26,402
They enjoy each others company while they can.
369
00:41:48,847 --> 00:41:50,972
The little Wren is not too happy
370
00:41:50,972 --> 00:41:54,763
about having her tree turned into a jungle gym.
371
00:41:59,191 --> 00:42:03,807
Fortunately, the cubs aren't interested in birds.
372
00:42:05,353 --> 00:42:09,310
(epic music)
373
00:42:14,911 --> 00:42:16,368
At the height of summer,
374
00:42:16,368 --> 00:42:20,089
the guanaco herd settles into a daily routine.
375
00:42:22,208 --> 00:42:25,551
They spend long hours chewing their cud,
376
00:42:25,551 --> 00:42:28,957
relaxing in the thick grass.
377
00:42:31,553 --> 00:42:34,746
(ominous music)
378
00:42:36,230 --> 00:42:40,006
They don't even notice the intruder.
379
00:42:41,884 --> 00:42:45,100
One of the puma cubs, the budding hunter,
380
00:42:45,100 --> 00:42:48,532
has made her way into the heart of the herd.
381
00:42:52,496 --> 00:42:56,333
She has mastered her mother's lessons in stealth.
382
00:42:57,082 --> 00:43:00,792
Now, what else can she do?
383
00:43:28,278 --> 00:43:31,988
(thundering music)
384
00:43:35,240 --> 00:43:39,032
The young puma didn't count on a shifting breeze.
385
00:43:39,919 --> 00:43:42,410
An alert guard picked up her scent.
386
00:43:43,588 --> 00:43:47,089
The hunt is all over before it began.
387
00:43:53,724 --> 00:43:57,210
But she's learned the importance of another rule.
388
00:43:57,726 --> 00:44:01,982
For a successful hunt, it's best to wait until dark.
389
00:44:12,979 --> 00:44:14,956
She spots a group of guanacos
390
00:44:14,956 --> 00:44:17,655
feeding near the park boundary fence.
391
00:44:32,173 --> 00:44:34,966
There's no point in rushing things.
392
00:44:38,219 --> 00:44:42,439
She'll wait until after the sun sets.
393
00:45:11,176 --> 00:45:13,928
This is her moment.
394
00:45:15,594 --> 00:45:17,875
She selects her target.
395
00:45:18,810 --> 00:45:21,480
Now she calls on every skill,
396
00:45:21,480 --> 00:45:24,547
every tactic learned from her mother.
397
00:45:30,187 --> 00:45:34,239
Stalking downwind, she moves in silence,
398
00:45:34,239 --> 00:45:36,660
like a shadow.
399
00:46:05,772 --> 00:46:10,223
(thundering music)
400
00:46:10,900 --> 00:46:13,403
(puma cries)
401
00:46:16,988 --> 00:46:21,615
Blocked by the fence, her prey has no chance of escape.
402
00:46:22,407 --> 00:46:26,284
The cub pulls off her first succesful hunt.
403
00:46:27,604 --> 00:46:30,075
And victory is sweet.
404
00:46:41,308 --> 00:46:45,168
The young puma has passed a crucial threshold.
405
00:46:52,813 --> 00:46:55,780
Her apprenticeship is over.
406
00:46:56,366 --> 00:47:00,656
From this moment on, she is a hunter.
407
00:47:06,327 --> 00:47:09,160
As if their lives were not difficult enough,
408
00:47:09,160 --> 00:47:14,042
the guanacos now have another predator to watch out for.
409
00:47:43,797 --> 00:47:48,343
(grand music)
410
00:48:00,088 --> 00:48:04,006
This is truly the dawning of a new day.
411
00:48:09,468 --> 00:48:13,271
The torch is passed from mother to daughter.
412
00:48:14,817 --> 00:48:19,771
Now it is the cubs turn to share her kill with her family.
413
00:48:36,507 --> 00:48:39,758
And it's up to her to hide the carcass,
414
00:48:39,758 --> 00:48:42,632
as she was taught to do.
415
00:49:03,233 --> 00:49:04,951
The cubs and their mother
416
00:49:04,951 --> 00:49:07,825
are spending their last days together.
417
00:49:11,081 --> 00:49:15,000
The new hunter's siblings will soon catch up with her.
418
00:49:17,278 --> 00:49:21,293
Then, they'll all go their separate ways.
419
00:49:24,096 --> 00:49:28,549
(sweeping music)
420
00:49:29,097 --> 00:49:31,767
And here in Torres del Paine,
421
00:49:31,767 --> 00:49:36,359
a new generation of pumas will rule.
422
00:49:39,694 --> 00:49:44,272
(gentle violin music)
31030
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