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Allow yourself to wander the streets
and behold the wonders.
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00:00:24,858 --> 00:00:26,860
Arrive full of dreams and leave
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00:00:27,194 --> 00:00:29,112
with a lifetime of enduring memories.
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00:00:31,198 --> 00:00:32,699
Contemplate the beauty
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00:00:33,033 --> 00:00:35,160
and experience the magic.
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00:00:35,494 --> 00:00:39,998
There is only one city in the world
so romantic and seductive,
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00:00:40,332 --> 00:00:42,876
so mysterious and enchanting.
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00:00:44,253 --> 00:00:47,381
Paris, the Eternal City.
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00:00:57,849 --> 00:01:00,477
PARIS, THE GREAT SAĞA
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00:01:25,544 --> 00:01:29,381
To truly understand the canpital,
the proper perspective is reguired,
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00:01:29,590 --> 00:01:33,885
and nothing compares to that
offered by a hot air balloon.
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00:01:36,805 --> 00:01:38,265
My dear friends,
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00:01:38,473 --> 00:01:41,143
as we slowly rise
above these Parisian streets,
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00:01:41,351 --> 00:01:45,272
you might be overwhelmed
by the emotions and a feeling of pride.
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00:01:45,480 --> 00:01:47,983
The perspective we'll have up here
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00:01:48,483 --> 00:01:51,194
will reveal this city
in ways you've never imagined.
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00:01:51,737 --> 00:01:54,865
From our lofty perch,
we'll be taking a journey through time.
18
00:01:55,073 --> 00:01:58,327
An exploration of 5,000 years
of Parisian history.
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00:01:58,660 --> 00:02:00,203
İt it's your first time
in the capital of France,
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00:02:00,412 --> 00:02:02,581
you're about to be wowed.
21
00:02:02,998 --> 00:02:05,042
And if you're already a fan,
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00:02:05,375 --> 00:02:08,587
l hope we discover new horizons
that will be revealed to you.
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00:02:08,920 --> 00:02:13,133
This Paris adventure will be
a high-flying experience for all of us.
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00:02:13,842 --> 00:02:16,219
Our first stop takes us to the place
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00:02:16,553 --> 00:02:19,222
that marks the very origin of the city.
26
00:02:30,317 --> 00:02:32,277
And you'll play
a pivotal role in this journey.
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00:02:49,836 --> 00:02:53,674
Volla.
Paris as it looked in prehistoric times.
28
00:02:53,882 --> 00:02:55,759
The year is 3,000 BC.
29
00:02:55,967 --> 00:03:00,931
A large river, strewn with islands,
runs through a swampy, lush plain.
30
00:03:02,182 --> 00:03:06,478
ÖOne day, the city of Lutetia,
which will later become Paris,
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00:03:06,687 --> 00:03:09,106
will rise here. But for now,
32
00:03:09,314 --> 00:03:13,652
that point in time
is still a distant one.
33
00:03:14,569 --> 00:03:16,697
For the first Parisian in history,
34
00:03:16,905 --> 00:03:18,782
life is mostly about survival.
35
00:03:21,660 --> 00:03:24,746
Primitive tribes engage
in daily hunting and gathering.
36
00:03:24,996 --> 00:03:28,500
But sometimes,
the hunter becomes the prey.
37
00:04:19,176 --> 00:04:20,135
From that moment on,
38
00:04:20,343 --> 00:04:22,971
the banks and the islands
of the Seine provide food
39
00:04:23,180 --> 00:04:25,348
as well as protection from predators
40
00:04:25,557 --> 00:04:28,685
on both four and two legs.
41
00:04:40,864 --> 00:04:42,824
As the centuries go by,
42
00:04:43,033 --> 00:04:46,411
the prehistoric camps
multipiy over this fertile landscape.
43
00:04:46,620 --> 00:04:50,582
OÖne of these camps will become
the original cradle of Paris.
44
00:04:56,421 --> 00:04:57,798
Mom, where did it start ?
45
00:04:58,131 --> 00:05:02,177
The first Parisians
settled on the banks of the Seine.
46
00:05:02,385 --> 00:05:05,222
Actualiy, it started
on the İle de la Cite.
47
00:05:05,722 --> 00:05:08,058
İt's logical. The Cite island
is in the middle of Paris.
48
00:05:08,266 --> 00:05:10,811
That's right. But for a long time,
most people assumed that.
49
00:05:11,019 --> 00:05:13,563
No evidence of prehistoric man
was ever found there.
50
00:05:13,939 --> 00:05:15,982
And the island was often flooded.
51
00:05:16,191 --> 00:05:18,151
So no one really knows?
52
00:05:18,360 --> 00:05:19,778
Historians can't reach consensus.
53
00:05:20,487 --> 00:05:23,156
Most of the major historical evidence
was found in Bercy.
54
00:05:23,698 --> 00:05:25,325
Where they found the ten canoes.
55
00:05:25,534 --> 00:05:26,618
Exactly.
56
00:05:26,827 --> 00:05:28,912
- They were carved 5,000 years ago.
- Tom, don't start.
57
00:05:29,496 --> 00:05:32,916
The banks of the Seine have been
inhabited for thousands of years.
58
00:05:33,124 --> 00:05:35,752
And those people
became known as the Gauls.
59
00:05:36,461 --> 00:05:37,712
L thought the Gauls were Celts.
60
00:05:37,921 --> 00:05:39,881
Let's Just say
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00:05:40,090 --> 00:05:41,842
that arocund 475 BC,
62
00:05:42,717 --> 00:05:44,719
some Celts
of which the Gauls were a part
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00:05:44,928 --> 00:05:46,513
settled in what is now Paris.
64
00:05:48,473 --> 00:05:50,392
During the first century BC,
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00:05:50,600 --> 00:05:52,727
the Gallics founded an "Oppidum",
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00:05:52,936 --> 00:05:56,857
but no remains of this fortified town
have ever been discovered,
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00:05:57,065 --> 00:06:00,151
neither on the İle de la Cite
nor on the banks of the river.
68
00:06:04,781 --> 00:06:06,449
İts inhabitants were called Parisii
69
00:06:06,658 --> 00:06:08,910
and they called their oppidum "Lutetia".
70
00:06:09,119 --> 00:06:11,621
What did this Gallic Lutetia look like?
71
00:06:24,467 --> 00:06:27,762
Lutetia is a civitas,
or regional capital
72
00:06:27,971 --> 00:06:31,850
where for the first time,
we start to see an actual community,
73
00:06:32,058 --> 00:06:34,477
with roads and neighborhoods.
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00:06:36,104 --> 00:06:38,982
Paris's first notable residents
were blacksmiths,
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00:06:39,190 --> 00:06:42,193
farmers and importers of salt and wine.
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00:06:43,320 --> 00:06:46,781
The town further prospers
with the minting of its own currency
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00:06:47,490 --> 00:06:48,867
called stateres.
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00:06:49,075 --> 00:06:51,912
Ancestors to our modern euros.
79
00:06:54,080 --> 00:06:56,291
İn the sanctuary
at the center of Lutetia,
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00:06:56,499 --> 00:06:58,710
it is likely that the rich and powerful
81
00:06:58,919 --> 00:07:03,506
used their new gold currency
to organize holy feasts.
82
00:07:03,715 --> 00:07:06,968
To win the gods' favor,
animals or prisoners of war
83
00:07:07,177 --> 00:07:08,678
were likely sacrificed.
84
00:07:08,887 --> 00:07:12,724
Lutetia is however a far cry
from Athens or ancient Rome.
85
00:07:12,933 --> 00:07:14,100
In 53 BC,
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00:07:14,309 --> 00:07:16,603
its destruction
at the hands of Julius Cesar
87
00:07:16,811 --> 00:07:18,939
threatens to forever seal its fate.
88
00:07:19,147 --> 00:07:22,025
However,
it is upon the ruins of the Parisii city
89
00:07:22,233 --> 00:07:25,695
that Paris eventually
begins to invent itself.
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00:07:57,435 --> 00:07:59,521
Woman, Brennos, behind me.
91
00:08:05,568 --> 00:08:06,820
You are not welcome here.
92
00:08:10,156 --> 00:08:11,157
My brother,
93
00:08:11,366 --> 00:08:14,160
it's been so long
since l've seen your face.
94
00:08:16,955 --> 00:08:19,249
What a beautiful woman you have.
95
00:08:19,457 --> 00:08:21,418
- And is that your son?
- Brennos.
96
00:08:21,626 --> 00:08:22,502
This is Brennos.
97
00:08:22,711 --> 00:08:25,130
For you, Brennos. My blade.
98
00:08:25,338 --> 00:08:28,091
Cernunnos, did the forest spirit
resuscitate you?
99
00:08:28,508 --> 00:08:29,259
No.
100
00:08:30,010 --> 00:08:33,763
I'm a Roman citizen now, bearing
the name Julius. l have big plans.
101
00:08:50,155 --> 00:08:51,823
What have you been doing
all this time?
102
00:08:58,747 --> 00:09:00,123
Getting my military certificate.
103
00:09:00,415 --> 00:09:03,334
Auxiliary Julius. Gallicus Cohort.
104
00:09:03,543 --> 00:09:04,627
Third legion.
105
00:09:05,795 --> 00:09:09,007
L served in the wars
and even beheaded men in Rome.
106
00:09:09,215 --> 00:09:11,092
All in the name of Caesar.
107
00:09:11,718 --> 00:09:13,887
Rome? What is it like?
108
00:09:14,179 --> 00:09:16,306
VI describe the arena.
109
00:09:18,391 --> 00:09:21,144
İmagine a man with black skin,
110
00:09:21,478 --> 00:09:24,022
he's chained
in the center of the arena.
111
00:09:24,898 --> 00:09:27,317
A small blade his onliy weapon.
112
00:09:27,525 --> 00:09:31,446
And then, they send in
an enraged elephant.
113
00:09:33,823 --> 00:09:36,117
Always the same sad outcome.
114
00:09:36,826 --> 00:09:38,661
The elephant crushes him.
115
00:09:40,038 --> 00:09:43,291
- What's the point?
- To entertain people.
116
00:09:44,626 --> 00:09:47,295
I've heard that the arena
can hold 50,000 Romans.
117
00:09:47,504 --> 00:09:49,380
Fifty thousand?
118
00:09:49,589 --> 00:09:53,885
This oppidum has barely 300 people
and outcasts İliving in the caves.
119
00:09:54,385 --> 00:09:56,554
There is also a "via Maximus".
120
00:09:56,763 --> 00:09:59,182
A road where you walk on stones.
121
00:10:00,475 --> 00:10:04,646
We could have a "via Maximus"
that reaches from here to the Forum.
122
00:10:05,105 --> 00:10:06,648
The Forum?
123
00:10:06,856 --> 00:10:08,608
The Forum Magnum.
124
00:10:08,817 --> 00:10:10,735
İt has everything: food, animals,
125
00:10:10,944 --> 00:10:13,279
schools for him,
the Temple of Mars.
126
00:10:13,780 --> 00:10:16,241
And drink.
They have taverns where you drink.
127
00:10:16,449 --> 00:10:19,702
Your Forum islike
our entire village covered with a roof.
128
00:10:20,078 --> 00:10:20,912
Julius,
129
00:10:21,121 --> 00:10:23,581
we live out here
in the middle of nowhere.
130
00:10:23,790 --> 00:10:25,416
Wouldn't you rather live in Rome?
131
00:10:25,625 --> 00:10:29,379
If l come back to Lutetia,
it's to do business for the Romans.
132
00:10:29,587 --> 00:10:32,298
What would you have us
sell to these Romans?
133
00:10:32,507 --> 00:10:34,384
Your barley beer, your pottery.
134
00:10:34,968 --> 00:10:36,344
Fabrics.
135
00:10:36,803 --> 00:10:40,098
Using the river, we can deliver
to Lugdunum and from there,
136
00:10:40,306 --> 00:10:41,432
Rome.
137
00:10:41,683 --> 00:10:43,726
We could sell them
the elegance of the Gaul.
138
00:10:43,935 --> 00:10:45,270
The style of the Parisii.
139
00:10:45,478 --> 00:10:48,022
We can use the profits
to build thermal baths.
140
00:10:48,231 --> 00:10:49,816
What are thermal baths?
141
00:10:50,275 --> 00:10:52,652
Baths with warm water
from the ground.
142
00:10:52,861 --> 00:10:57,073
Önce they're built, people
will be able to wash once a month.
143
00:10:58,408 --> 00:10:59,659
İs that really necessary?
144
00:11:01,661 --> 00:11:03,538
Better to spend that time
tending our fields.
145
00:11:05,206 --> 00:11:06,332
Come.
146
00:11:07,542 --> 00:11:08,626
Outside.
147
00:11:16,217 --> 00:11:18,136
You've entertained us
with your stories
148
00:11:18,344 --> 00:11:21,222
but this is tiny Lutetia, not Rome.
149
00:11:29,898 --> 00:11:32,859
Rome was not built in a day.
Neither was Lutetia.
150
00:11:33,776 --> 00:11:36,863
İt would take almost 200 years
for the city's architects
151
00:11:37,071 --> 00:11:41,367
to bring Lutetia into existence,
complete with its sguare configuration,
152
00:11:41,576 --> 00:11:43,786
right-angled streets
and imposing monuments.
153
00:11:43,995 --> 00:11:46,497
Despite the ravages of time,
Paris today
154
00:11:46,706 --> 00:11:49,000
still bears the imprint
of Lutetian influence.
155
00:11:49,209 --> 00:11:52,795
İn the arena, one can still hear
the murmur of the ancient games.
156
00:11:56,674 --> 00:11:59,802
So Lutetia was
a Gallic imitation of Rome?
157
00:12:00,178 --> 00:12:02,847
Exactiy. The Forum,
the baths, the theater.
158
00:12:03,056 --> 00:12:04,432
The arenas.
159
00:12:04,807 --> 00:12:08,144
İsn't that Just amazing?
Gladiators in Paris.
160
00:12:08,353 --> 00:12:10,480
And the innocents
attacked by animals.
161
00:12:10,688 --> 00:12:12,523
Ör devoured by crocodiles.
162
00:12:12,732 --> 00:12:15,026
With thousands of people
cheering you on.
163
00:12:15,235 --> 00:12:18,071
Surely spectacular.
Bread and circuses.
164
00:12:18,780 --> 00:12:20,782
Bread and games
for the people, Eva.
165
00:12:21,908 --> 00:12:22,742
Just imagine,
166
00:12:23,576 --> 00:12:25,745
Lutetia had 5,000 or 6,000 people
167
00:12:26,329 --> 00:12:29,624
but the arena could hold
up to 17,000 spectators.
168
00:12:34,128 --> 00:12:35,380
Thomas, you look puzzled.
169
00:12:35,588 --> 00:12:37,548
No, Sir. l was just thinking.
170
00:12:37,757 --> 00:12:40,969
The population of Paris
in 2008 was 2,211,000 people
171
00:12:42,095 --> 00:12:45,556
and 5,000 Gauvls
had a 17,000-seat arena.
172
00:12:45,765 --> 00:12:48,393
That would make it
a three-to-one ratio.
173
00:12:48,601 --> 00:12:50,103
L guess it would.
174
00:12:50,311 --> 00:12:53,690
That would be eğguivalent to
a 6-million seat arena today.
175
00:12:53,898 --> 00:12:55,233
Ouite a traffic jam.
176
00:12:55,566 --> 00:12:56,943
Exactly.
177
00:12:57,527 --> 00:13:00,822
Fearing traffic congestion
with horses and chariots.
178
00:13:01,030 --> 00:13:04,826
The architects built the arena
on the outskirts of Lutetia.
179
00:13:05,034 --> 00:13:06,244
Like the "stade de France"
in St Denis.
180
00:13:06,452 --> 00:13:08,913
They even created
the first primitive parking İots.
181
00:13:21,884 --> 00:13:23,761
To control crowds and traffic,
182
00:13:23,970 --> 00:13:27,932
the city planners designed main roads
all converging on the arena.
183
00:13:28,141 --> 00:13:31,936
On big game days, Lutetia
and the cities around empty themselves
184
00:13:32,145 --> 00:13:35,189
as their inhabitants flood to the arena.
185
00:13:36,649 --> 00:13:39,068
The public is passionate
for gladiator combat
186
00:13:39,777 --> 00:13:42,488
and the spectacle
of public executions.
187
00:13:43,364 --> 00:13:46,534
But not all spectators
enjoy egual treatment.
188
00:13:46,743 --> 00:13:51,289
Patricians have a private entrance
and box seats close to the action.
189
00:13:52,165 --> 00:13:56,586
The poor are packed into the cheap
seats in the higher galleries.
190
00:14:05,136 --> 00:14:08,431
Sometimes, the arena
transforms into a theater.
191
00:14:08,639 --> 00:14:11,017
ÖOn stage,
comedians and dramatic actors
192
00:14:11,225 --> 00:14:14,270
interpret the latest popular plays.
193
00:14:18,775 --> 00:14:21,611
The notable citizens
attend the shows to be seen
194
00:14:21,819 --> 00:14:24,155
as much as to watch the spectacle.
195
00:14:24,364 --> 00:14:28,701
Sponsorship of the people's games is
a way to flaunt their wealth and power.
196
00:14:28,910 --> 00:14:32,705
On the left bank, those with money
and power reside in mansions
197
00:14:32,914 --> 00:14:37,210
assembled in Paris's first
'true' neighborhoods, or insulae.
198
00:14:53,267 --> 00:14:54,852
Running down the center
199
00:14:55,061 --> 00:14:57,605
is the Cardo Maximus,
a transverse axis
200
00:14:57,814 --> 00:15:00,691
which serves the residential
neighborhoods. Look, Tom.
201
00:15:00,900 --> 00:15:02,860
Rue St-Jacdues is the Cardo Maximus.
202
00:15:04,153 --> 00:15:07,281
2,000 years later,
it's still the same street.
203
00:15:07,490 --> 00:15:10,952
In Gallo-Roman times,
Lutetia couldn't compete with Lugdunum,
204
00:15:11,160 --> 00:15:14,122
currentiy Lyon, the capital of Gavl.
205
00:15:14,330 --> 00:15:16,040
Lutetia was a real city though,
206
00:15:17,125 --> 00:15:21,754
thriving thanks to trade and
the great vines planted on Mont Martis.
207
00:15:23,047 --> 00:15:24,674
Mont Martis?
208
00:15:25,383 --> 00:15:26,717
Now Montmartre.
209
00:15:26,926 --> 00:15:28,761
From the Montmartre hill,
210
00:15:28,970 --> 00:15:31,347
wine barrels
are delivered to the left bank
211
00:15:31,556 --> 00:15:35,852
but Lutetians primarily treasure
the vintage wines imported from Rome.
212
00:15:36,060 --> 00:15:39,730
They savor them in the taverns
surrounding what is now the Pantheon.
213
00:15:39,939 --> 00:15:42,984
At rue St-Jacgues and rue Soufflot,
ancient wine bars
214
00:15:43,192 --> 00:15:47,113
are set against Lutetia's
most emblematic monument: the Forum.
215
00:16:10,261 --> 00:16:13,890
The Forum is the heart
of the Gallo-Roman city.
216
00:16:18,394 --> 00:16:21,772
İt is where the leading Parisians
yearn to be.
217
00:16:31,908 --> 00:16:33,284
İn this public sguare,
218
00:16:33,493 --> 00:16:35,703
notables preside
over the city's policies.
219
00:16:35,912 --> 00:16:39,207
As an assembly,
they deal with law enforcement issues
220
00:16:39,415 --> 00:16:41,417
and oversee the justice system.
221
00:16:41,626 --> 00:16:45,087
These mağgistrates sit in the 7ribunal
but also in the Temple.
222
00:16:45,713 --> 00:16:49,133
Loyalty to the emperor
and to Rome is constantİy renewed
223
00:16:49,342 --> 00:16:53,804
through celebrations and festivals,
both civic and religious.
224
00:17:04,398 --> 00:17:07,652
Around the Forum,
Lutetia's most renowned shops
225
00:17:07,860 --> 00:17:12,114
offer everything from
the bare necessities to luxury items.
226
00:17:12,323 --> 00:17:14,992
Healthy commerce helps
the city to develop
227
00:17:15,201 --> 00:17:18,871
throughout the Pax Romana,
the "Roman peace".
228
00:17:24,794 --> 00:17:28,631
Symbolic of Lutetia's Romanization
are the northern baths
229
00:17:28,839 --> 00:17:31,217
now known as the Cluny baths
230
00:17:31,425 --> 00:17:34,554
which Emperor Hadrian
probably built at the end of the İst
231
00:17:34,762 --> 00:17:37,598
or beginning of the 2nd century.
232
00:17:38,849 --> 00:17:41,561
This well-appointed
establishment was erected
233
00:17:41,769 --> 00:17:44,772
according to the most
up-to-date Roman standards.
234
00:17:47,567 --> 00:17:50,152
A highiy original design
focuses the building
235
00:17:50,361 --> 00:17:53,948
around a central axis
of the frigidarium, or cold room
236
00:17:54,156 --> 00:17:56,367
where clients enjoy
the use of fitness gear
237
00:17:56,576 --> 00:17:59,287
along with warm and hot rooms.
238
00:18:00,121 --> 00:18:02,164
After decades of occupation,
239
00:18:02,373 --> 00:18:05,501
Lutetia's people have fully
embraced the Roman lifestyle.
240
00:18:11,674 --> 00:18:13,509
Remains of these baths can be seen
241
00:18:13,718 --> 00:18:18,014
at the intersection of Boulevard
St-Germain et Boulevard St-Michel.
242
00:18:22,518 --> 00:18:24,270
At Lutetia's baths,
243
00:18:24,478 --> 00:18:27,356
the differences between
rich and poor dissolve,
244
00:18:27,565 --> 00:18:28,983
thanks to nudity.
245
00:18:29,567 --> 00:18:31,652
The ruins of the baths,
like the arena's
246
00:18:31,861 --> 00:18:35,239
are all that remain of
the Gallo-Roman empire in Paris.
247
00:18:35,448 --> 00:18:37,617
But the Gauls
didn't resist the invaders.
248
00:18:38,242 --> 00:18:39,035
That's right.
249
00:18:39,243 --> 00:18:41,454
The Gauls were smart enough
to create peace pacts
250
00:18:41,662 --> 00:18:44,040
with their enemies
and make the best ofit.
251
00:18:44,248 --> 00:18:46,083
Even trading their gods
for the Romans'.
252
00:18:46,292 --> 00:18:48,794
Each throws the others gods
into their own Pantheon.
253
00:18:49,003 --> 00:18:52,381
That's how Toutatis
became known as Mercury, or Mars.
254
00:18:52,590 --> 00:18:54,550
The gods protect Paris.
255
00:18:55,009 --> 00:18:56,052
Not always.
256
00:18:56,260 --> 00:18:59,764
Even Jupiter won't stop the sky
from falling on Lutetia's head.
257
00:18:59,972 --> 00:19:03,976
The city's oblivious to the threat
growing at the borders of the empire.
258
00:19:04,810 --> 00:19:08,773
A threat that was terrifying.
259
00:19:16,614 --> 00:19:18,199
At the beginning of the 4th century,
260
00:19:18,407 --> 00:19:20,326
Lutetia's seğuesters itself.
261
00:19:20,534 --> 00:19:24,163
The inhabitants want to protect
themselves against the threat
262
00:19:24,372 --> 00:19:26,123
brought on by invasions.
263
00:19:33,881 --> 00:19:37,468
Lutetians put the Forum
and the arena's stones to use,
264
00:19:37,677 --> 00:19:40,179
protecting the İle de la Cite,
265
00:19:40,388 --> 00:19:43,182
This is Paris's first fortress.
266
00:19:44,892 --> 00:19:47,937
Lutetia reinforces its position
as a stronghold,
267
00:19:48,145 --> 00:19:51,691
but that does not make it a canpital.
268
00:19:51,899 --> 00:19:54,694
In the West,
a brand new religion appears
269
00:19:54,902 --> 00:19:56,612
called Christianity.
270
00:19:57,196 --> 00:19:59,490
İn the city of Lutetia, a woman
271
00:19:59,699 --> 00:20:01,951
introduces Catholicism.
272
00:20:02,326 --> 00:20:03,703
This woman will save Lutetia
273
00:20:03,911 --> 00:20:06,414
by bringing men to her feet.
274
00:20:06,622 --> 00:20:08,499
İn 451 AD,
275
00:20:08,708 --> 00:20:10,960
she enters the annals
of Parisian history
276
00:20:11,168 --> 00:20:13,671
under the name Genevieve.
277
00:20:28,310 --> 00:20:30,896
Jesus, l lay down my life for you.
278
00:20:32,606 --> 00:20:36,902
Give all my heart
the strength to save Lutetia.
279
00:20:38,070 --> 00:20:40,781
I'm a mistress of destiny
but without your light,
280
00:20:40,990 --> 00:20:43,576
l cannot save my people.
281
00:20:47,329 --> 00:20:51,125
Genevieve knows that a horde
of savages is devastating Gaul.
282
00:20:51,333 --> 00:20:53,669
Huns will now surge over Lutetia.
283
00:20:53,878 --> 00:20:57,798
Attila and his Teutonic mercenaries
have jJust one objective:
284
00:20:58,007 --> 00:21:00,301
bring down the city by fire and blade.
285
00:21:00,509 --> 00:21:02,553
Lutetia's inhabitants are terrified.
286
00:21:03,304 --> 00:21:07,099
No one seems to have
the power to stop the barbarians.
287
00:21:14,815 --> 00:21:18,652
Meanwhile, Lutetia's people
are fascinated by this young woman.
288
00:21:18,861 --> 00:21:21,280
There is something
heavenly about her.
289
00:21:32,792 --> 00:21:33,793
From early on,
290
00:21:34,293 --> 00:21:36,879
she's had the conviction of deep faith
291
00:21:37,713 --> 00:21:40,341
and in spite of her family's opposition,
292
00:21:40,549 --> 00:21:44,011
Genevieve has the burning desire
to dedicate her life
293
00:21:44,220 --> 00:21:45,346
to God.
294
00:22:05,407 --> 00:22:07,326
Whatever does not serve His glory,
295
00:22:08,118 --> 00:22:11,163
or does not lead to Him
won't elevate one to true bliss.
296
00:22:13,040 --> 00:22:14,917
News travel fast in Lutetia.
297
00:22:15,125 --> 00:22:18,254
Rumor has it that Genevieve
restored sight to a blind man.
298
00:22:18,462 --> 00:22:22,508
And so grows the legend
of a girl with a remarkable destiny.
299
00:22:26,804 --> 00:22:29,390
As the only woman seated
on Lutetia's council,
300
00:22:29,598 --> 00:22:32,059
she's not afraid to challenge the men,
301
00:22:32,268 --> 00:22:36,230
who are on the verge of turning
the city over to the barbarians.
302
00:22:38,190 --> 00:22:39,149
We must leave.
303
00:22:39,358 --> 00:22:41,569
Why all this talk of fear?
304
00:22:41,777 --> 00:22:43,237
Of fleeing to other cities?
305
00:22:43,571 --> 00:22:46,240
Under Christ's protection,
we'll escape the carnage.
306
00:22:46,448 --> 00:22:47,908
What would you have us do?
307
00:22:48,492 --> 00:22:52,204
Pray at their swords?
To hell with you and your god.
308
00:22:52,413 --> 00:22:54,206
- Nonsense.
- You're not his messenger.
309
00:22:54,415 --> 00:22:55,708
God did speak to me with love.
310
00:22:55,916 --> 00:22:58,752
İf we flee the city,
we'll be at their mercy.
311
00:22:58,961 --> 00:23:00,880
But united
and with heaven's guldance,
312
00:23:01,088 --> 00:23:02,423
we can fight back.
313
00:23:02,631 --> 00:23:04,717
You're a prophetess of doom!
314
00:23:04,925 --> 00:23:06,886
You men are all cowards.
315
00:23:10,097 --> 00:23:12,516
You women of Lutetia
have the courage.
316
00:23:13,392 --> 00:23:16,395
Don't abandon your city,
where you were conceived,
317
00:23:17,104 --> 00:23:20,274
where your children were born
and your ancestors died.
318
00:23:20,941 --> 00:23:22,401
Let the men run away in fear.
319
00:23:22,610 --> 00:23:24,445
İf they are too weak
to stand up and fight,
320
00:23:24,653 --> 00:23:27,907
we women will kneel
and pray until God hears us.
321
00:23:35,164 --> 00:23:37,166
Did God answer
Genevieve's prayers?
322
00:23:37,875 --> 00:23:42,338
The feared Huns do not invade
Lutetia. Attila decides instead
323
00:23:42,546 --> 00:23:45,549
to go around the same valley
and attack Orleans.
324
00:23:45,758 --> 00:23:46,800
40 years later,
325
00:23:47,009 --> 00:23:50,638
Clovis, first King of the Francs,
makes his capital Paris.
326
00:23:51,263 --> 00:23:54,642
From then on, this is
the new name of the city of Parisii.
327
00:23:58,395 --> 00:23:59,980
Around the year b00,
328
00:24:00,189 --> 00:24:04,610
Clovis has his mausoleum
erected next to Genevieve's tomb.
329
00:24:04,818 --> 00:24:09,615
He builds the St Apostle's basilica,
which becomes St Genevieve's church,
330
00:24:09,823 --> 00:24:12,826
of which no trace remains today.
331
00:24:19,875 --> 00:24:24,254
That's how the iİst Joan of Arc
in recorded history saved Paris.
332
00:24:24,964 --> 00:24:28,175
The Parisians revered
Genevieve like a saint, true.
333
00:24:28,384 --> 00:24:29,426
But if Paris was saved,
334
00:24:29,635 --> 00:24:32,596
it's more credit to luck
than divine intervention.
335
00:24:32,805 --> 00:24:35,057
Either way,
Genevieve became a legend.
336
00:24:35,265 --> 00:24:37,184
She's even the patron saint of Paris.
337
00:24:37,393 --> 00:24:39,812
İn any case, Paris
was a capital in name only.
338
00:24:40,020 --> 00:24:43,023
İt was still a small town
with an uncertain future.
339
00:24:43,732 --> 00:24:45,401
Why did it survive, then?
340
00:24:45,609 --> 00:24:48,821
Because Paris
held the kingdom's treasures.
341
00:24:50,197 --> 00:24:53,325
If Paris has riches,
the world stays interested.
342
00:24:53,534 --> 00:24:55,577
Who exactly is the world?
343
00:24:55,786 --> 00:24:58,205
- The Vikings
- Vikings in Paris?
344
00:24:58,414 --> 00:25:01,417
During the 9th century,
the İle de la Cite
345
00:25:01,625 --> 00:25:03,919
is under siege.
İmagine, Tom.
346
00:25:04,837 --> 00:25:06,005
Dozens of drakkars
347
00:25:06,213 --> 00:25:10,426
sailing up the river with terrifying
barbarians out to pillage and murder
348
00:25:10,676 --> 00:25:13,721
and eager to destroy
the İle de la Cite.
349
00:25:13,929 --> 00:25:14,680
What happened?
350
00:25:14,888 --> 00:25:18,267
With Vikings,
you don't have too many options.
351
00:25:18,475 --> 00:25:21,603
İn fact, you have only two:
flee or negotlate.
352
00:25:21,812 --> 00:25:22,938
What did they do?
353
00:25:26,066 --> 00:25:30,738
The Vikings withdrew in exchange
for a huge ransom of gold.
354
00:25:31,071 --> 00:25:33,615
You see, my dear?
İt's always a matter of money.
355
00:25:36,660 --> 00:25:41,248
The Vikings' retreat in 887 doesn't
signal the end of this dangerous era.
356
00:25:41,457 --> 00:25:44,960
Other intruders from Germany
launch constant assaullts against Paris.
357
00:25:46,003 --> 00:25:49,339
İn 987, Hugues Capet
ascends to the throne
358
00:25:49,548 --> 00:25:51,967
and creates a new dynasty.
359
00:25:52,176 --> 00:25:54,470
Ünder the influence
of the first Capetian,
360
00:25:54,678 --> 00:25:57,598
Paris recovers its status as capital.
361
00:25:57,806 --> 00:26:00,225
On the right bank, the port
and the Place de Greve,
362
00:26:00,434 --> 00:26:03,228
today Place de 1l'Hötel de Ville,
363
00:26:03,437 --> 00:26:06,523
contribute to Paris's renewal,
helped by booming commerce.
364
00:26:07,316 --> 00:26:10,986
In 1180,
Philippe Auguste ascends to power.
365
00:26:11,195 --> 00:26:14,990
The capital is composed
of just 300 tangled
366
00:26:15,199 --> 00:26:16,909
and revoltingiy unsanitary streets.
367
00:26:19,411 --> 00:26:21,246
Philippe Auguste
has a lot of work to do
368
00:26:21,455 --> 00:26:23,624
to bring order to this chaos,
369
00:26:23,832 --> 00:26:26,877
like fencing in
the Cemetery of the İnnocents
370
00:26:27,086 --> 00:26:30,547
which bursts with corpses
that pigs dig out for food.
371
00:26:57,491 --> 00:27:00,577
King Philippe Auguste
has great plans for Paris
372
00:27:01,036 --> 00:27:04,957
but lacks financial means
to enact them. Where to get the money?
373
00:27:05,165 --> 00:27:09,169
We won't find financing
for Paris among these beggars.
374
00:27:10,462 --> 00:27:12,714
L have a nice suckling pig
for you, my Lord.
375
00:27:12,923 --> 00:27:16,468
What tax did you pay
to bring it into Paris?
376
00:27:16,677 --> 00:27:20,848
A sufficient and suitable tax,
indeed, my Lord.
377
00:27:26,145 --> 00:27:29,565
- How much for pulling a tooth?
- A penny, my Lord.
378
00:27:29,773 --> 00:27:32,484
How1 much do you give
to the city of Paris?
379
00:27:33,235 --> 00:27:36,363
Half a tooth per year.
A baby tooth.
380
00:27:41,034 --> 00:27:42,202
You therel
381
00:27:43,078 --> 00:27:45,205
Tell me why your street
is like a festering sore.
382
00:27:45,414 --> 00:27:50,085
Majesty, Parisians dump their waste
and filth right outside their doors.
383
00:27:57,176 --> 00:28:00,262
Paris is neither a good city
for living nor for dying.
384
00:28:00,470 --> 00:28:00,971
You!
385
00:28:01,555 --> 00:28:03,182
All of you!
386
00:28:03,390 --> 00:28:07,769
You'll open your purses
and clean up my canpital.
387
00:28:14,026 --> 00:28:17,029
Relax, be calm. This might hurt.
388
00:28:32,878 --> 00:28:37,716
Lord Thibaud, you're now in control
of provosts and bailiffs in Paris.
389
00:28:37,925 --> 00:28:40,844
See that the bourgeois pay
while I'm at the crusades.
390
00:28:41,053 --> 00:28:42,095
This is a great honor,
391
00:28:42,304 --> 00:28:45,849
your Majesty has bestowed,
slayer of infidels, slaughterer of...
392
00:28:46,058 --> 00:28:47,142
Shut up. That's enough.
393
00:29:01,323 --> 00:29:04,743
After leading the crusade
and waging war against the English,
394
00:29:04,952 --> 00:29:08,497
Philippe Auguste
returns to his beloved Paris.
395
00:29:12,000 --> 00:29:15,545
What's next?
Yes. The Parisian accounts.
396
00:29:15,754 --> 00:29:19,591
The total Parisian accounts,
for 1202 and 1203,
397
00:29:19,800 --> 00:29:22,386
brought in 197,000 pounds
398
00:29:22,594 --> 00:29:25,264
against 96,000 pounds of expense.
399
00:29:25,472 --> 00:29:27,975
That leaves 100,000 pounds profit.
400
00:29:28,684 --> 00:29:31,311
Lord Thibaud, our coffers are Tull.
401
00:29:31,520 --> 00:29:34,940
Pave Rues St-Denis, St-Antoine,
St-Honore et St-Jacgues.
402
00:29:35,148 --> 00:29:38,151
With what's left,
you will build the Louvre fortress
403
00:29:38,360 --> 00:29:41,697
and complete the ramparts
that protect my city.
404
00:29:54,918 --> 00:29:56,795
At the time of Philippe Auguste,
405
00:29:57,004 --> 00:29:59,881
the English enemy
is just 60 km from the canital.
406
00:30:01,049 --> 00:30:04,052
On the bank of the Seine,
the Louvre fortress is built
407
00:30:04,261 --> 00:30:06,763
to prevent attack from the west.
408
00:30:19,901 --> 00:30:22,279
Originally, the Louvre
is a lookout post,
409
00:30:22,487 --> 00:30:24,781
a cylindrical tower
surrounded by a moat.
410
00:30:26,742 --> 00:30:28,035
Now a sguare wall,
411
00:30:28,243 --> 00:30:31,413
fitted with turrets,
protects the tower.
412
00:30:45,635 --> 00:30:48,221
The fortress holds the arsenal,
while the tower
413
00:30:48,430 --> 00:30:51,391
contains the archives
and the kingdom's treasure.
414
00:30:57,898 --> 00:31:00,901
Philippe Auguste orders
the building of another wall,
415
00:31:01,109 --> 00:31:04,529
more than 5 km long.
Throughout its history,
416
00:31:05,280 --> 00:31:08,784
the limits of the capital
will be defined by its wall.
417
00:31:09,409 --> 00:31:11,912
Four others will eventually follow.
418
00:31:14,289 --> 00:31:15,832
During the 13th century,
419
00:31:16,041 --> 00:31:19,169
Parisians live solely
within their own neighborhoods,
420
00:31:19,378 --> 00:31:21,880
the capital is a labyrinth
of narrow alleys
421
00:31:22,089 --> 00:31:25,592
where high houses eradicate
the notion of perspective.
422
00:31:26,218 --> 00:31:29,805
Parisians are unable
to grasp their city as a whole.
423
00:31:30,764 --> 00:31:34,768
The population swells
from 25,000 to 50,000 inhabitants
424
00:31:35,602 --> 00:31:38,772
making Paris the largest city in Europe.
425
00:31:45,570 --> 00:31:47,030
Philippe Auguste's Paris
426
00:31:47,239 --> 00:31:50,700
foreshadows the countenance
of the modern Paris to come.
427
00:31:57,707 --> 00:32:00,043
That's how Philippe Auguste
transformed Paris?
428
00:32:00,961 --> 00:32:04,714
He was the first to make Paris
the capital of a centralized state.
429
00:32:05,132 --> 00:32:08,927
So everything that happened in Paris
before him was improvisation?
430
00:32:09,136 --> 00:32:13,306
Paris always adapted as it could
to the caprices of history.
431
00:32:13,890 --> 00:32:15,976
Like trading with the Romans.
432
00:32:16,184 --> 00:32:19,563
- Eluding barbarian invasions.
- Negotiating with Vikings.
433
00:32:20,147 --> 00:32:21,815
And from this point on,
434
00:32:22,482 --> 00:32:24,651
Paris takes hold of its destiny
435
00:32:24,860 --> 00:32:27,237
and enters a new era.
436
00:32:28,488 --> 00:32:30,657
Following the example
of Philippe Auguste,
437
00:32:30,866 --> 00:32:33,910
builders will transform Paris
into an undenlable capital
438
00:32:34,119 --> 00:32:36,621
throughout Europe and the world
439
00:32:37,247 --> 00:32:39,499
for centuries to come.
440
00:32:50,552 --> 00:32:53,346
To solidify its prestigious status
in the West,
441
00:32:53,555 --> 00:32:58,602
in 1163, Paris gives itself
a monument of enormous proportions:
442
00:32:59,686 --> 00:33:02,022
Notre-Dame cathedral.
443
00:33:03,148 --> 00:33:05,484
İnitiated by bishop Maurice de Sully,
444
00:33:05,692 --> 00:33:09,529
its construction will take
nearly two centuries.
445
00:33:09,863 --> 00:33:12,491
On the İle de la Cite,
the streets are so dense
446
00:33:12,699 --> 00:33:14,910
that to accommodate the new structure,
447
00:33:15,118 --> 00:33:17,496
two religious buildings
have to be demolished,
448
00:33:17,704 --> 00:33:19,873
including the Carolingian basilica,
449
00:33:20,081 --> 00:33:22,626
dating back
to the dynasty that reigned
450
00:33:22,834 --> 00:33:25,045
between the &8th
and 10th centuries.
451
00:33:30,967 --> 00:33:33,303
During construction,
the Roman cathedral
452
00:33:33,512 --> 00:33:35,889
built between the 10th
and 12th centuries
453
00:33:36,097 --> 00:33:38,517
is used as a place of worship.
454
00:33:41,561 --> 00:33:45,899
On this unprecedented project,
teams of master craftsmen,
455
00:33:46,107 --> 00:33:49,861
laborers and apprentices
work night and day
456
00:33:50,070 --> 00:33:54,449
for the glory of the Virgin Mary
who gave her name to the cathedral.
457
00:34:02,749 --> 00:34:04,334
Four daily construction shifts
458
00:34:04,543 --> 00:34:08,338
dictate the rhythm of life
for 6 generations of Parisians.
459
00:34:08,547 --> 00:34:11,883
Over their lifetimes, they see
the construction of the choir,
460
00:34:12,092 --> 00:34:16,012
the maze, the aisles,
the galleries and the facades.
461
00:34:16,221 --> 00:34:19,057
They develop a deep appreclation
for the ribbed vault and the keystone,
462
00:34:19,266 --> 00:34:22,686
the pointed arch and flying buttress.
463
00:34:29,901 --> 00:34:32,487
The capital sees the birth
and perfection
464
00:34:32,696 --> 00:34:35,073
of Gothic Art in successive stages
465
00:34:35,574 --> 00:34:38,243
from Early to High, then Rayonnant.
466
00:34:40,328 --> 00:34:45,375
This architectural style places
heavy emphasis on volume, verticality
467
00:34:45,584 --> 00:34:46,960
and clarity.
468
00:34:47,252 --> 00:34:49,796
Never has any work evoked such fervor.
469
00:34:51,923 --> 00:34:55,176
Each challenge is met
and masterfully overcome.
470
00:34:55,635 --> 00:34:58,763
The builders
achieve true technical prowess,
471
00:34:58,972 --> 00:35:03,310
erecting remarkabiy thin walls
over dizzying heights.
472
00:35:05,604 --> 00:35:08,732
Two colossal towers
balance the structure.
473
00:35:08,940 --> 00:35:11,318
Notre-Dame
now has a lighter silhouette,
474
00:35:11,526 --> 00:35:14,863
as if her arms
are reaching toward Heaven itself.
475
00:35:16,656 --> 00:35:18,783
To perfect the cathedral,
the architects
476
00:35:18,992 --> 00:35:22,746
dress her with an ornate façade,
colonnades and windows,
477
00:35:22,954 --> 00:35:26,207
including a central Rose Window
40 meters in diameter,
478
00:35:26,416 --> 00:35:29,836
a Gallery of Kings, and three portals.
479
00:35:38,178 --> 00:35:42,015
The main door to the cathedral
opens onto Rue Neuve-notre-Dame.
480
00:35:42,223 --> 00:35:46,186
At 6 to 7 meters wide,
it was a massive boulevard for its time.
481
00:36:06,706 --> 00:36:10,585
The cathedral is finally ready
to welcome thousands of pilgrims.
482
00:36:10,794 --> 00:36:13,630
Notre-Dame becomes the site
of the grandest religiocus ceremonies
483
00:36:14,214 --> 00:36:16,257
in Parisian history.
484
00:36:29,104 --> 00:36:32,482
For centuries,
it is the only Parisian monument
485
00:36:32,691 --> 00:36:35,694
that can be seen
from over the horizon.
486
00:36:42,659 --> 00:36:44,077
Upon its completion,
487
00:36:44,285 --> 00:36:46,788
Notre-Dame
is the biggest cathedral in the West.
488
00:36:46,996 --> 00:36:50,542
But Paris hides within its walls
an even more precious jewel.
489
00:36:51,459 --> 00:36:53,378
İn the year 1237,
490
00:36:54,087 --> 00:36:56,172
Saint-Louis, a pious king,
491
00:36:56,381 --> 00:36:59,175
aims to make Paris
the western capital of Christianity...
492
00:37:01,594 --> 00:37:04,597
by any means he deems necessary.
493
00:37:05,557 --> 00:37:09,978
Like spending a fortune
to acguire Christ's crown of thorns.
494
00:37:15,900 --> 00:37:17,610
Greetings friar. Friar...?
495
00:37:18,361 --> 00:37:20,697
Friar Tuck. Peace be with you.
496
00:37:22,157 --> 00:37:26,119
Don't forget to put the amice around
your neck before donning the cappa.
497
00:37:26,953 --> 00:37:29,080
The Mappula
in your right hand, of course.
498
00:37:31,124 --> 00:37:33,835
May we please God
and not stumble in Sainte Chapelle.
499
00:37:34,627 --> 00:37:37,672
Our hearts would be torn apart
by the divine light.
500
00:37:38,006 --> 00:37:40,759
We will walk
upon burning ashes, Friar.
501
00:37:43,344 --> 00:37:44,804
Friar Tuck...
502
00:37:45,346 --> 00:37:46,431
Be my strength.
503
00:37:46,639 --> 00:37:49,017
May my strength be with you.
504
00:38:03,198 --> 00:38:06,034
Baldwin 1l, emperor of Constantinople,
505
00:38:06,242 --> 00:38:08,328
is in dire need of funds.
506
00:38:08,536 --> 00:38:11,247
He seeks
to sell Christ's crown of thorns
507
00:38:11,456 --> 00:38:14,375
and decides to pawn it off
on some Venetian bankers.
508
00:38:14,584 --> 00:38:18,713
After tough negotiations,
Louis lX acduires the precious relic,
509
00:38:18,922 --> 00:38:21,633
witness to Jesus's crucifixion.
510
00:38:24,219 --> 00:38:25,553
, Louis 1X,
511
00:38:26,137 --> 00:38:29,766
wish for my suffering
to last until the end of my days.
512
00:38:29,974 --> 00:38:32,936
Louis 1X? Saint-Louis?
513
00:38:37,732 --> 00:38:39,442
The mystic king fasts
514
00:38:39,651 --> 00:38:42,821
and practices abstinence
and self-mortification.
515
00:38:43,029 --> 00:38:45,865
For his people,
he is a miracle maker,
516
00:38:46,074 --> 00:38:49,619
but Louis İX sometimes
doubts his true mission.
517
00:38:54,541 --> 00:38:58,837
Sire, you have rendered
your duties respectfully,
518
00:38:59,045 --> 00:39:01,589
and served God
with loving solicitude.
519
00:39:09,222 --> 00:39:11,766
On this most blessed of days,
520
00:39:12,225 --> 00:39:14,435
nothing can expiate my sins.
521
00:39:14,644 --> 00:39:17,146
Turn your eyes Heaven-ward
522
00:39:17,355 --> 00:39:20,233
and they will behold
the newly chosen one.
523
00:39:20,441 --> 00:39:23,069
I'm a man of high birth
but a poor choice.
524
00:39:23,653 --> 00:39:26,573
By offering Paris the Holy Crown,
525
00:39:27,156 --> 00:39:29,450
you predestine us to eternal felicity.
526
00:39:31,035 --> 00:39:33,538
You follow in Christ's footsteps,
527
00:39:34,622 --> 00:39:38,334
you deserve elevation to sainthood.
528
00:39:41,713 --> 00:39:44,799
İn Saint-Louis's eyes,
to possess the Crown of Thorns
529
00:39:45,008 --> 00:39:47,427
is to express his devotion to Christ
530
00:39:47,635 --> 00:39:50,638
and commune with Jesus on the cross.
531
00:39:56,269 --> 00:39:59,063
Lord, am l your chosen one?
532
00:39:59,272 --> 00:40:01,357
The one for whom you wait?
533
00:40:01,858 --> 00:40:04,652
God, am l your worthy apostle?
534
00:40:09,574 --> 00:40:11,659
İn the year 1248 AD,
535
00:40:11,868 --> 00:40:15,788
the Crown of thorns, a nail
and a fragment of the True Cross
536
00:40:15,997 --> 00:40:19,334
are offered to Paris for all eternity.
537
00:40:20,627 --> 00:40:22,629
Thanks to this remarkable acguisition,
538
00:40:23,046 --> 00:40:25,632
Saint-Louis is able to turn Paris
539
00:40:25,840 --> 00:40:28,718
into the capital
of all Christianity in the West.
540
00:40:29,594 --> 00:40:33,514
This purchase constitutes
a religious and political act.
541
00:40:41,606 --> 00:40:43,566
These relics of Christ's Passion
542
00:40:43,775 --> 00:40:47,570
are encased iİn a magnificent setting
of stone and stained glass
543
00:40:48,237 --> 00:40:50,990
built especially for them:
Sainte-Chapelle.
544
00:40:52,033 --> 00:40:54,994
Fifteen huge, finely crafted windows
545
00:40:55,203 --> 00:40:59,165
and a giant rose window
flood this architectural gem with light.
546
00:41:14,514 --> 00:41:16,516
This monumental religuary
547
00:41:16,724 --> 00:41:19,602
is located at the heart
of Paris's Palais de la Cite,
548
00:41:20,144 --> 00:41:22,647
King Louis 1X's residence.
549
00:41:26,234 --> 00:41:29,529
Embedded in the courtyard
of Paris's Palais de Justice,
550
00:41:29,737 --> 00:41:32,532
Sainte-Chapelle is one
of the most majestic masterpieces
551
00:41:32,740 --> 00:41:34,784
of the Rayonnant period of Gothic Art.
552
00:41:34,993 --> 00:41:36,077
The Crown of Thornsis still in Paris?
553
00:41:36,452 --> 00:41:38,538
Anyone could explore
the mysteries of the Holy Crown
554
00:41:38,746 --> 00:41:40,748
on the first Friday of every month
555
00:41:40,957 --> 00:41:43,626
at the Notre-Dame cathedral
absolutely free.
556
00:41:43,835 --> 00:41:46,921
But is there any proof
that it's really His crown?
557
00:41:47,588 --> 00:41:49,632
L wonder how much
this purchase really cost.
558
00:41:49,841 --> 00:41:53,720
İt cost three times more
than building the Sainte-Chapelle.
559
00:41:53,928 --> 00:41:57,056
- 135,000 pounds.
- That sounds like a fortune.
560
00:41:57,849 --> 00:42:00,560
- About 18 million Euros.
- 18 million?
561
00:42:00,768 --> 00:42:02,145
And no one knows İf it's real.
562
00:42:02,520 --> 00:42:04,939
Sweetheart, it's not that simple.
563
00:42:05,148 --> 00:42:08,234
Back then, Holy relics
brought in hundreds of pilgrims.
564
00:42:08,443 --> 00:42:11,279
İt's commerce.
Pilgrims have to be fed and boarded.
565
00:42:11,487 --> 00:42:13,406
And that money
flows into Paris's coffers.
566
00:42:13,990 --> 00:42:16,617
The holy relics
were jJust a good investment?
567
00:42:16,826 --> 00:42:19,037
They cost a fortune, that's true.
568
00:42:19,245 --> 00:42:23,124
But they also made Paris
the center of European Christianity.
569
00:42:23,332 --> 00:42:26,127
Religious schools on the left bank,
the Sorbonne
570
00:42:26,335 --> 00:42:29,672
attracts students
from all over Europe. By 1300,
571
00:42:29,881 --> 00:42:31,758
Paris expands to 200,000 people.
572
00:42:31,966 --> 00:42:34,177
A century earlier,
Paris's population was...?
573
00:42:34,385 --> 00:42:35,595
50,000?
574
00:42:44,187 --> 00:42:46,105
In 1348,
575
00:42:46,314 --> 00:42:49,942
the black plague
kills a guarter of the people of Paris.
576
00:42:50,359 --> 00:42:53,029
Famine made everything even worse.
577
00:42:53,237 --> 00:42:55,615
And then, the wolves descended.
578
00:42:59,494 --> 00:43:03,372
King Charles V
ascends to the throne in 1364,
579
00:43:03,581 --> 00:43:07,543
seeking to maintain the status
of the capital and most importantiy,
580
00:43:07,752 --> 00:43:09,587
ensure its defense.
581
00:43:09,796 --> 00:43:14,383
He decides to renovate the Louvre
and to build new fortifications.
582
00:43:26,562 --> 00:43:29,065
İn this last part of the 14th century,
583
00:43:29,273 --> 00:43:33,194
Paris continues to expand
beyond its former outskirts.
584
00:43:33,402 --> 00:43:36,697
The Louvre is no longer
at the doors of the canpital.
585
00:43:37,240 --> 00:43:39,951
The fortress is now incorporated
into the city on the West side
586
00:43:40,159 --> 00:43:42,078
and the walls are extended.
587
00:43:48,334 --> 00:43:51,796
Philippe Auguste's ramparts,
dating from the 13th century,
588
00:43:52,004 --> 00:43:53,923
in now useless in places
589
00:43:54,132 --> 00:43:57,718
and more of an encumbrance
than a protection to the city.
590
00:44:00,721 --> 00:44:03,975
While the Louvre retains its standing
as a structure for defense,
591
00:44:04,183 --> 00:44:08,479
it also becomes a sumptuocus residence
for Charles V and his court.
592
00:44:08,688 --> 00:44:12,441
İn the dark times of the Middle Ages,
the King lets in the light
593
00:44:12,650 --> 00:44:15,611
by creating numerous windows
throughout the building.
594
00:44:15,820 --> 00:44:17,780
Around the year 1400,
595
00:44:17,989 --> 00:44:20,449
Paris is devastated by civil wars
596
00:44:20,658 --> 00:44:23,327
between the Dukes
of Armagnac and Burgunay.
597
00:44:23,536 --> 00:44:25,746
The capital changes hands several times
598
00:44:25,955 --> 00:44:29,208
while the victors plunder and massacre.
599
00:44:29,709 --> 00:44:30,793
By 1450,
600
00:44:31,002 --> 00:44:33,421
Paris has lost half its population.
601
00:44:33,629 --> 00:44:35,631
Entire neighborhoods are abandoned,
602
00:44:35,840 --> 00:44:37,967
rubble litters the streets...
603
00:44:38,176 --> 00:44:39,385
Paris is dying.
604
00:44:39,594 --> 00:44:42,221
But Paris always rises again.
605
00:44:42,430 --> 00:44:44,974
With Francis the First,
there's a Renaissance.
606
00:44:45,183 --> 00:44:47,476
The old tower is torn down,
607
00:44:47,685 --> 00:44:51,105
the Louvre palace is open
to the public but remains incongruous,
608
00:44:51,314 --> 00:44:53,524
keeping the appearance
to its Middle-Age origins.
609
00:44:59,071 --> 00:45:01,991
Francis the First may have chosen
to reside at the Louvre,
610
00:45:02,200 --> 00:45:06,370
but it's Henri IV of France
who breathes new life into the palace.
611
00:45:06,579 --> 00:45:10,708
İn 1589, the new king builds
the Grande Galerie du Louvre,
612
00:45:10,917 --> 00:45:13,586
annexed to the castle
with the Tuileries Palace.
613
00:45:15,421 --> 00:45:20,009
The Tuileries was built
under Catherine de Medici, in 1564.
614
00:45:20,218 --> 00:45:22,261
İn his great design for Paris,
615
00:45:22,470 --> 00:45:24,472
Henry IV lays out plans to transform
616
00:45:24,680 --> 00:45:27,058
the medieval court
into the Cour Carr&e,
617
00:45:27,558 --> 00:45:29,477
the "Sguare Court".
618
00:45:31,687 --> 00:45:35,942
Henry İV's assassination forces a halt
to the enhancements of the Palace.
619
00:45:36,150 --> 00:45:40,821
His son, Louis XİI,
continues to modernize the Louvre.
620
00:45:41,030 --> 00:45:45,451
The new monarch orders
that the work resume on the Cour Carrâe.
621
00:45:46,118 --> 00:45:49,455
The courtyard will be modified
in the 17th century by the Sun King.
622
00:45:49,664 --> 00:45:53,417
Louis XIV's taste for excess
means big things for Paris.
623
00:45:53,876 --> 00:45:56,170
Didn't Louis XIV live in Versailles?
624
00:45:56,379 --> 00:45:57,713
Correct, Eva.
625
00:45:57,922 --> 00:46:01,217
The court abandoned Paris,
but the seat of power stayed there.
626
00:46:01,634 --> 00:46:03,344
And the capital expands.
627
00:46:03,970 --> 00:46:07,848
Parisians no longer fear attack
from the English or the Spaniards.
628
00:46:08,266 --> 00:46:12,061
The capital isn't in danger anymore
and needs little protection.
629
00:46:12,270 --> 00:46:14,313
Paris can drop its walls.
630
00:46:14,522 --> 00:46:17,566
Correct.
Paris begins a grand expansion.
631
00:46:17,775 --> 00:46:19,193
And with the Sun King,
632
00:46:19,694 --> 00:46:23,572
there's no limit to the celebration
of his unegualed glory.
633
00:46:23,781 --> 00:46:27,326
My dear Eva,
let's meet the Sun King.
634
00:46:31,789 --> 00:46:35,668
France is a magnificent body
and Paris its heart.
635
00:46:40,256 --> 00:46:42,008
And Paris is me.
636
00:46:48,639 --> 00:46:52,268
The capital provides me
with constant and fruitful inspiration
637
00:46:52,476 --> 00:46:54,270
to raise new monuments.
638
00:46:54,478 --> 00:46:57,857
L see creation of a brand new Rome.
639
00:46:59,025 --> 00:47:01,360
Monsieur Colbert...
640
00:47:01,694 --> 00:47:05,865
İt is recently made known to me
my wars have left many men crippled.
641
00:47:06,532 --> 00:47:08,576
This knowledge hurts me.
642
00:47:09,994 --> 00:47:13,205
Not wishing to offend,
butit is still valuable
643
00:47:13,414 --> 00:47:14,874
to celebrate the wars, is it not?
644
00:47:15,958 --> 00:47:16,959
Monsieur Blondel...
645
00:47:18,127 --> 00:47:22,840
You will erect an arch
to my triumph at Porte St-Denis.
646
00:47:26,344 --> 00:47:28,929
The seed of an idea
has come to my mind.
647
00:47:29,138 --> 00:47:31,182
İmagine me, King Louis XIV,
648
00:47:31,390 --> 00:47:33,934
as Mars defeating the German Eagle.
649
00:47:36,479 --> 00:47:38,105
Monsieur Bullet...
650
00:47:40,524 --> 00:47:44,236
İt would be most fitting
to commemorate my victory in Rhineland.
651
00:47:44,445 --> 00:47:48,240
So erect a second arch
at Porte St-Martin.
652
00:47:50,493 --> 00:47:54,830
His Majesty, Louis XIV,
and all his great projects for Paris.
653
00:48:00,169 --> 00:48:01,962
Air! Air!
654
00:48:02,171 --> 00:48:04,298
Open wide carriageways to the North.
655
00:48:04,507 --> 00:48:07,259
Paris needs room to breathe.
656
00:48:07,968 --> 00:48:10,930
Monsieur Louvois.
İn place of the Hötel Vendöme,
657
00:48:11,389 --> 00:48:14,475
l wish to create a great, vast sguare.
658
00:48:14,683 --> 00:48:18,062
We'll call it something tasteful:
Place Louis-le-Grand.
659
00:48:19,230 --> 00:48:20,147
Monsieur Desjardins.
660
00:48:20,356 --> 00:48:23,901
You will sculpt me with
the defeated nations at my feet.
661
00:48:24,151 --> 00:48:27,863
Erect the statue in the center
of the Place des Victoires.
662
00:48:34,662 --> 00:48:37,540
L am told that many veterans
of the 30-years war
663
00:48:37,748 --> 00:48:39,792
have become crippled.
664
00:48:41,085 --> 00:48:44,213
İt is unsightiy to have them
begging in the streets.
665
00:48:44,505 --> 00:48:47,216
Do they not risk frightening people?
666
00:48:48,884 --> 00:48:51,720
Those who have risked their lives
for their kingdom
667
00:48:51,929 --> 00:48:55,391
have the right
to end their days in tranduility.
668
00:48:55,933 --> 00:48:58,853
For these invalids,
we shall be build a Hötel des İnvalides,
669
00:48:59,061 --> 00:49:00,729
on Place de Grenelle.
670
00:49:15,244 --> 00:49:17,496
1st September, 171b,
671
00:49:17,705 --> 00:49:20,958
an older Louis XIV
is seconds from death.
672
00:49:27,756 --> 00:49:32,303
My regrets:
to not have relieved my people.
673
00:49:33,762 --> 00:49:36,265
And to have so İoved war.
674
00:49:39,810 --> 00:49:41,270
L must go.
675
00:49:43,272 --> 00:49:46,525
But Paris shall remain always.
676
00:49:48,486 --> 00:49:51,572
Through his determination
to make Paris a new Rome,
677
00:49:51,780 --> 00:49:54,492
Louis XIV sees the city as a whole.
678
00:49:54,700 --> 00:49:57,286
Urban planning
now also include gardens,
679
00:49:57,495 --> 00:50:00,080
monumental gates
adorned with decorations
680
00:50:00,289 --> 00:50:03,584
and large sguares
with coherent architecture.
681
00:50:03,792 --> 00:50:07,379
Place des Victoires' originality
is in its round design.
682
00:50:08,047 --> 00:50:10,216
Without Louis,
Paris wouldn't look the same.
683
00:50:11,091 --> 00:50:13,302
Although he only spent
two months a year here.
684
00:50:13,511 --> 00:50:16,305
During the last 40 years of his life,
685
00:50:16,514 --> 00:50:18,390
he only came to Paris 24 times.
686
00:50:18,599 --> 00:50:21,352
Louis XIV buillt a lot more
than l realized.
687
00:50:21,977 --> 00:50:24,355
Like the Academie des Beaux-Arts
for instance
688
00:50:25,022 --> 00:50:27,149
which became the Academie Française.
689
00:50:27,358 --> 00:50:30,194
But closest to his heart
was the Hötel des İnvalides.
690
00:50:32,029 --> 00:50:35,324
He was such a charitable king
to house his disabled veterans
691
00:50:35,533 --> 00:50:37,535
in such a majestic building.
692
00:50:37,743 --> 00:50:41,413
That's the legendary generosity
of the Bourbon kings,
693
00:50:41,622 --> 00:50:43,749
to sguander state funds
any way they please.
694
00:50:43,958 --> 00:50:48,170
Louis XV vowed to build a church
if he survived a serious illness.
695
00:50:48,921 --> 00:50:52,675
And not jJust any church.
The Panth&on for Sainte-Genevietve.
696
00:50:53,342 --> 00:50:56,387
The Bourbon embellish Paris
for their own pleasure
697
00:50:56,595 --> 00:50:59,640
but they can't ignore
what goes on behind the scenes.
698
00:51:00,766 --> 00:51:03,477
Succeeding his grandfather,
Louis XVI
699
00:51:03,686 --> 00:51:06,397
ascends to the throne in 1/74.
700
00:51:06,605 --> 00:51:10,776
Like his predecessors, he prefers
the air of Versailles to that of Paris.
701
00:51:10,985 --> 00:51:14,905
Beside a few select areas,
the capital is overpopulated.
702
00:51:15,114 --> 00:51:18,200
İts population now reaches 600,000,
703
00:51:18,409 --> 00:51:21,412
nearly half of which
are destitute or beggars.
704
00:51:21,996 --> 00:51:26,208
This period also sees
crop failures and famine.
705
00:51:26,959 --> 00:51:31,463
Paris becomes a boiling cauldron
that threatens to explode.
706
00:51:31,672 --> 00:51:33,048
İn 1789,
707
00:51:33,257 --> 00:51:36,343
in Faubourg St-Marcel,
Paris's poorest neighborhood,
708
00:51:37,177 --> 00:51:39,597
people still live
as if in the Middle Ages.
709
00:51:40,180 --> 00:51:43,559
Many have resorted
to dishonest means to get by.
710
00:51:43,767 --> 00:51:45,686
Resourcefulness is essential.
711
00:51:45,894 --> 00:51:49,773
Rogues go as far as
passing themselves off as clergymen.
712
00:51:50,899 --> 00:51:51,900
- Madam.
- Father.
713
00:51:52,526 --> 00:51:54,445
For our good works.
714
00:51:54,653 --> 00:51:56,572
Of course, Father.
715
00:52:15,257 --> 00:52:17,468
Hurry! Give me the money.
716
00:52:34,943 --> 00:52:35,569
Guard...
717
00:52:35,778 --> 00:52:39,323
This scoundrel's just robbed
a woman of our acduaintance.
718
00:52:39,531 --> 00:52:41,158
- What did he steal?
- Look.
719
00:52:41,825 --> 00:52:43,827
This crime deserves a heavy penalty.
720
00:52:44,036 --> 00:52:47,414
We'll find you a place to sleep.
In the Bastille.
721
00:52:48,290 --> 00:52:50,626
May the Lord be praised.
722
00:52:50,834 --> 00:52:53,128
- And the police.
- Of course.
723
00:52:53,337 --> 00:52:55,839
Times are hard for everyone.
724
00:52:56,048 --> 00:52:59,259
A little extra something always helps.
725
00:53:07,935 --> 00:53:09,645
Where would Paris be
without our gallant police?
726
00:53:09,853 --> 00:53:12,731
And the generosity of the Church.
727
00:53:12,981 --> 00:53:14,274
Come on, you!
728
00:53:43,178 --> 00:53:46,140
On the eve of the 1789 revolution,
729
00:53:46,348 --> 00:53:49,059
the Bastille
becomes the bane of Paris.
730
00:53:49,268 --> 00:53:53,188
The prison becomes a symbol
for the excesses of absolute monarchy.
731
00:53:53,897 --> 00:53:56,650
Like his predecessors,
Louis XVI can order,
732
00:53:56,859 --> 00:53:58,902
by "lettre de cachet",
733
00:53:59,111 --> 00:54:01,113
to imprison or embasltiller
734
00:54:01,321 --> 00:54:03,574
anyone without any form of trial.
735
00:54:03,782 --> 00:54:08,746
From its construction in 1370,
this fortress casts a sinister shadow
736
00:54:08,954 --> 00:54:11,373
over the St-Antoine neighborhood.
737
00:54:12,833 --> 00:54:15,002
While the Louvre is Paris's showpiece,
738
00:54:15,210 --> 00:54:18,005
the Bastille is its underbelly.
739
00:54:18,589 --> 00:54:22,134
İt stands on the east side as a balance
to the city's defense system.
740
00:54:23,302 --> 00:54:25,929
A massive rectangular edifice,
741
00:54:26,138 --> 00:54:29,224
made with high walls
and eight towers.
742
00:54:29,767 --> 00:54:33,687
Deemed impregnable, the fortress
was only ever used as a prison.
743
00:54:35,314 --> 00:54:40,027
UÜnder the monarchy, detainees
must finance their own incarceration.
744
00:54:40,235 --> 00:54:43,322
After the French revolution,
imprisonment expenses
745
00:54:43,530 --> 00:54:45,908
are taken on by the state.
746
00:54:49,077 --> 00:54:52,164
Convicts are not
all treated in the same manner.
747
00:54:52,372 --> 00:54:54,958
Those who don't have any money,
the pailleux,
748
00:54:55,167 --> 00:54:58,086
sleep directliy on the straw
in collective cells.
749
00:54:58,295 --> 00:55:00,547
Those with a little bit of change
750
00:55:00,756 --> 00:55:02,674
are called the pistoles.
751
00:55:03,217 --> 00:55:05,093
They are grouped two-to-a-cell
752
00:55:05,302 --> 00:55:07,387
and are entitled
to canvas-strap beds.
753
00:55:07,596 --> 00:55:11,183
But the Bastille also hosts
prestigious guests.
754
00:55:11,391 --> 00:55:14,853
The Marguis de Sade is imprisoned
there for more than 12 years
755
00:55:15,062 --> 00:55:18,357
because of his erotic
and anticlerical works.
756
00:55:18,565 --> 00:55:23,070
His room is furnished
and he entertains his guests
757
00:55:23,278 --> 00:55:27,115
with the best wines
and the finest foods.
758
00:55:40,546 --> 00:55:42,172
Pardon the intrusion,
Monsieur Margduis.
759
00:55:48,220 --> 00:55:50,806
You fool! Again and again.
760
00:55:51,014 --> 00:55:53,475
You insist on terrifying me.
761
00:55:53,684 --> 00:55:55,978
Can't you see how this upsets me?
762
00:55:59,565 --> 00:56:03,527
They assassinate
and butcher prisoners in the Bastille.
763
00:56:04,444 --> 00:56:06,655
Have you no mercy? Help me!
764
00:56:06,947 --> 00:56:10,075
Yes, sir.
İ go and inform the warden.
765
00:56:13,662 --> 00:56:14,997
Where were we?
766
00:56:18,500 --> 00:56:19,960
Help me!
767
00:56:26,174 --> 00:56:28,302
The next day, he was transferred
768
00:56:28,510 --> 00:56:30,429
to the insane asylum of Charenton.
769
00:56:30,637 --> 00:56:32,514
Poor man! Ten days later,
he was storming the Bastille.
770
00:56:32,723 --> 00:56:34,266
All prisoners to be freedi
771
00:56:34,474 --> 00:56:36,935
All prisoners?
They were only seven.
772
00:56:37,144 --> 00:56:39,313
And two lunatics
who were committed the next day.
773
00:56:39,980 --> 00:56:44,484
UÜUnder the Old Regime, most detainees
were locked in other Paris jails.
774
00:56:44,985 --> 00:56:49,031
The fortress was not exactlİy
located at the center
775
00:56:49,323 --> 00:56:52,284
of present day Place de la Bastille.
Öne can still see traces
776
00:56:52,534 --> 00:56:55,621
of the towers and walls from their
impressions on Paris's cobblestones.
777
00:56:55,871 --> 00:56:59,583
The July column, or Colonne de jJuillet,
commemorates another revolution,
778
00:56:59,791 --> 00:57:01,960
that of the Trois Glorieuses,
779
00:57:02,169 --> 00:57:05,464
which caused the fall
of King Charles X in 1830.
780
00:57:07,716 --> 00:57:10,677
At the top of the monument,
a gilded bronze angel,
781
00:57:10,886 --> 00:57:14,348
the Gönie de la Libert&,
or "spirit of fteedom",
782
00:57:14,556 --> 00:57:17,517
brandishes a torch,
symbol of the people's determination
783
00:57:18,185 --> 00:57:20,228
to selize their freedom.
784
00:57:25,651 --> 00:57:26,693
Incredible!
785
00:57:26,902 --> 00:57:29,780
İt's as famous as the Fiffel Tower
but it's gone.
786
00:57:29,988 --> 00:57:31,823
How did they destroy the Bastille?
787
00:57:32,032 --> 00:57:32,866
Well, Eva...
788
00:57:33,408 --> 00:57:36,328
Starting on 15 July 1789,
789
00:57:36,536 --> 00:57:39,456
a public works contractor
named Pallois
790
00:57:39,665 --> 00:57:43,043
and his 800 workers
dismantled it in five months.
791
00:57:43,251 --> 00:57:45,629
What happened to the stones?
792
00:57:45,837 --> 00:57:47,923
Pallois takes the stones
793
00:57:48,131 --> 00:57:51,718
and makes miniature versions
of the fortress to be sold as souvenirs.
794
00:57:51,927 --> 00:57:53,095
That's clever thinking.
795
00:57:53,303 --> 00:57:56,890
The Bastille stones are also used
to build the Concorde bridge.
796
00:57:58,600 --> 00:58:01,812
From 1789 to 1799,
797
00:58:02,020 --> 00:58:04,731
Paris moves to the pace
of the French Revolution.
798
00:58:04,940 --> 00:58:09,277
The absolute monarchy collapses.
The Republic is proclaimed.
799
00:58:10,821 --> 00:58:13,448
İn 1793 and 1794,
800
00:58:13,657 --> 00:58:16,159
the guillotine is installed
on Place de la R&övolution,
801
00:58:16,910 --> 00:58:19,246
today known
as Place de la Concorde.
802
00:58:19,454 --> 00:58:22,624
Thousands of heads,
including those of Louis XVİ,
803
00:58:22,833 --> 00:58:26,420
Marie-Antoinette, Danton,
Desmoulin and Robespierre
804
00:58:26,628 --> 00:58:29,715
fall before the crowds
of thousands of Parisians.
805
00:58:31,299 --> 00:58:33,677
With the French Revolution,
806
00:58:33,885 --> 00:58:36,596
a new world is taking shape.
Paris...
807
00:58:38,223 --> 00:58:40,142
...Must reinvent itself.
808
00:58:40,350 --> 00:58:42,936
Louis XIV wanted to turn Paris
into a new Rome.
809
00:58:43,478 --> 00:58:47,024
But a child of the Revolution
will make it Capital of an Empire.
810
00:58:49,276 --> 00:58:52,320
İn 1799,
through a calculated coup,
811
00:58:52,529 --> 00:58:55,282
General Bonaparte seizes power.
812
00:58:55,490 --> 00:58:59,202
In 1804,
he becomes Napoleon l.
813
00:58:59,828 --> 00:59:03,582
The Emperor sometimes resides
at the Palais des Tuileries.
814
00:59:18,013 --> 00:59:20,223
This area must be reduced to nothing.
815
00:59:20,432 --> 00:59:24,394
- The people must be evacuated.
- Or else what, Percier?
816
00:59:24,603 --> 00:59:27,522
Look at the maps.
We lack eguipment and funding.
817
00:59:27,731 --> 00:59:28,982
To hell with your maps.
818
00:59:29,191 --> 00:59:31,318
Our artillery
will solve those problems.
819
00:59:31,526 --> 00:59:34,780
Marshall Murat is not discussing
Napoleon's next battle,
820
00:59:34,988 --> 00:59:38,241
but the launch
of a major construction work in Paris.
821
00:59:42,913 --> 00:59:44,456
Murat. Your news?
822
00:59:44,664 --> 00:59:48,752
Your architects are complete fools
better suited to wipe babies asses.
823
00:59:49,544 --> 00:59:52,714
Why isn't the old neighborhood
at İle de la Cite demolished yet?
824
00:59:53,256 --> 00:59:55,092
Even the rats won't settle in its ruins.
825
00:59:55,592 --> 00:59:59,387
Majesty, the city is only paying
for half of the demolition.
826
00:59:59,596 --> 01:00:01,807
Austrians and Russians
can pay for the rest.
827
01:00:03,100 --> 01:00:05,644
Majesty.
Please excuse my tardiness.
828
01:00:05,852 --> 01:00:08,814
L was detained
by some attractive ladies.
829
01:00:10,857 --> 01:00:14,528
When you're to meet the Emperor,
you tell the ladies
830
01:00:14,736 --> 01:00:16,571
to take their canes and hats
and leave.
831
01:00:17,489 --> 01:00:20,117
Cambaceres,
you must accord to me the finances
832
01:00:20,367 --> 01:00:23,995
to divert the Ourcg river
towards the top of La Villette.
833
01:00:24,454 --> 01:00:27,290
The water will then spread
to every fountain in Paris.
834
01:00:28,208 --> 01:00:30,877
How much
will this magnificent flood cost us?
835
01:00:32,295 --> 01:00:34,589
For 60 meters of canals?
836
01:00:34,798 --> 01:00:36,174
12 to 15 million francs.
837
01:00:38,051 --> 01:00:41,179
L approve this project.
l want 500 men digging by tomorrow.
838
01:00:42,722 --> 01:00:44,516
Next, Rue İmperiale.
839
01:00:45,100 --> 01:00:47,185
The street is open
along the Tuileries Gardens.
840
01:00:47,394 --> 01:00:51,106
UÜnder the cobblestones is now
a 600-meter-long sewage system.
841
01:00:51,314 --> 01:00:53,108
How much did this huge pipe cost us?
842
01:00:53,817 --> 01:00:55,360
800,000 francs.
843
01:00:55,610 --> 01:00:56,528
That much?
844
01:00:57,529 --> 01:00:58,738
İs this true?
845
01:00:58,947 --> 01:01:01,783
For all of that money,
we could eğuip 15 regiments.
846
01:01:01,992 --> 01:01:03,160
Paris likes monumenits.
847
01:01:03,368 --> 01:01:05,537
And you waste money on sewers?
848
01:01:06,037 --> 01:01:08,290
Majesty. Iİn Austerlitz,
849
01:01:08,498 --> 01:01:11,710
you said your troops would enter Paris
through triumphal arches.
850
01:01:11,918 --> 01:01:14,212
- Where are they?
-| have a solution.
851
01:01:15,630 --> 01:01:17,591
You will use 500,000 francs
852
01:01:17,924 --> 01:01:20,969
to erect the triumphal arch
at the entrance to the boulevards,
853
01:01:21,511 --> 01:01:23,763
where the Bastille stood.
There, the troops
854
01:01:23,972 --> 01:01:25,932
will parade before the people.
855
01:01:26,141 --> 01:01:28,935
Napoleon also dreams
of another colossal project
856
01:01:29,144 --> 01:01:30,770
to leave his mark on Paris.
857
01:01:30,979 --> 01:01:34,566
An imperial palace, taking over
most of the Bois de Boulogne,
858
01:01:34,774 --> 01:01:38,320
the 16th district,
and the Trocadero esplanade.
859
01:01:38,528 --> 01:01:42,365
İn it, he wishes to install his son,
the King of Rome.
860
01:01:43,200 --> 01:01:46,578
In 1815,
just weeks before his abdication,
861
01:01:46,786 --> 01:01:49,456
when everything is nearly lost,
the Emperor demands
862
01:01:49,664 --> 01:01:53,168
that Percier and Fontaine
continue their work.
863
01:02:01,843 --> 01:02:03,345
The King of Rome's palace
864
01:02:03,553 --> 01:02:05,597
will forever imprint in stone
the character of Paris.
865
01:02:06,848 --> 01:02:09,184
İt will be more majestic
than the Kremlin in Moscow.
866
01:02:09,392 --> 01:02:11,228
The finest palace, past or present.
867
01:02:11,603 --> 01:02:14,898
Majesty, we've resumed construction.
868
01:02:15,482 --> 01:02:17,484
The Bois de Boulogne
will be linked to Porte Maillot,
869
01:02:17,692 --> 01:02:19,736
to the hills of Chaillot.
870
01:02:19,945 --> 01:02:22,989
We are making a city
both administrative and military.
871
01:02:23,198 --> 01:02:26,785
And a residence for my son.
872
01:02:26,993 --> 01:02:30,080
The King of Rome
at the summit of Paris.
873
01:02:37,545 --> 01:02:39,256
With the fall of the Empire,
874
01:02:39,464 --> 01:02:41,925
the most irrational project
in the history of Paris,
875
01:02:42,509 --> 01:02:45,428
more epic than the Versailles
of Louis XİV,
876
01:02:45,637 --> 01:02:47,305
is abandoned.
877
01:02:51,142 --> 01:02:54,062
The arrangements and embellishments
oördered by the Emperor
878
01:02:54,271 --> 01:02:55,730
are left unfulfilled.
879
01:02:56,106 --> 01:02:59,859
The Arc de Triomphe will finally
be erected on the Champs-Elys&es
880
01:03:00,068 --> 01:03:02,070
instead of Place de la Bastille.
881
01:03:04,864 --> 01:03:08,368
The wars with England and Russia
cost huge sums of money.
882
01:03:08,576 --> 01:03:11,621
Napoleon never found the means
to build his Empire's capital.
883
01:03:11,830 --> 01:03:14,457
He never saw
his Arc de Triomphe finished.
884
01:03:14,791 --> 01:03:18,670
He only saw a 50-meter high
wood and canvas model.
885
01:03:18,878 --> 01:03:21,423
The real one
was completed in 1836,
886
01:03:21,631 --> 01:03:23,758
fiftteen years after his death.
887
01:03:24,009 --> 01:03:26,720
ÖOriginally, it was
to be the start of an avenue
888
01:03:26,928 --> 01:03:30,640
running from the Place de l'Etoile
to Eva's favorite place...
889
01:03:31,057 --> 01:03:32,642
the Bastille.
890
01:03:32,976 --> 01:03:34,978
Napoleon transforms
the Avenue des Guinguettes,
891
01:03:35,186 --> 01:03:37,355
a street full of sketchy cabarets,
892
01:03:37,856 --> 01:03:40,775
into a splendid promenade
we now call
893
01:03:41,693 --> 01:03:42,569
Champs-Elys&es.
894
01:03:51,286 --> 01:03:55,332
Egypt offers France two obelisks
from Luxor's temple.
895
01:03:55,540 --> 01:03:57,876
Only one
will be transported and erected,
896
01:03:58,084 --> 01:04:01,588
at the Place de la Concorde, in 1836.
897
01:04:01,796 --> 01:04:05,717
İt doesn't commemorate
any particular historical event.
898
01:04:05,925 --> 01:04:09,387
An oddity
in this city full of symbolism.
899
01:04:15,143 --> 01:04:16,478
In Place Vendöme,
900
01:04:16,686 --> 01:04:20,607
Napoleon has erected a column
to the glory of his great army.
901
01:04:20,815 --> 01:04:24,569
İt is encased
in the molten bronze of 250 canons
902
01:04:24,778 --> 01:04:28,406
captured from the Russians
and Austrians at Austerlitz.
903
01:04:28,615 --> 01:04:32,202
The column is inspired
by that of Emperor Trajan of Rome.
904
01:04:32,577 --> 01:04:34,746
Napoleon staged his victories
905
01:04:34,954 --> 01:04:37,332
and represented himself as Caesar.
906
01:04:45,715 --> 01:04:49,219
Some other Parisian monuments
are also the Emperor's work.
907
01:04:49,427 --> 01:04:52,931
Like the Madeleine.
He built that too, didn't he?
908
01:04:53,473 --> 01:04:56,434
For the Emperor,
it's more of a temple than a church,
909
01:04:56,643 --> 01:04:58,061
like the ones in Athens.
910
01:04:58,269 --> 01:05:01,022
Napoleon envisioned a Paris
as beautiful as the cities
911
01:05:01,231 --> 01:05:02,732
of Ancient Greece or Rome.
912
01:05:05,527 --> 01:05:08,613
Napoleon leaves
a permanent imprint on the canpital.
913
01:05:08,822 --> 01:05:10,865
Like the Arc de Triomphe,
914
01:05:11,074 --> 01:05:13,827
the Madeleine
is dedicated to his great army.
915
01:05:14,035 --> 01:05:15,829
And, in the Vivienne neighborhood,
916
01:05:16,037 --> 01:05:18,581
he began construction
on what will later become
917
01:05:18,790 --> 01:05:22,001
the Paris stock-exchange:
the Palais Brongniard.
918
01:05:27,257 --> 01:05:30,343
If Napoleon is inspired by the past,
919
01:05:30,552 --> 01:05:32,679
he takes a man of vision
to look forward.
920
01:05:32,887 --> 01:05:36,683
Napoleon İll names Baron Haussmann
Prefect of Paris.
921
01:05:36,891 --> 01:05:39,227
İt is 1853.
922
01:05:39,436 --> 01:05:41,479
The city is filthy and overcrowded.
923
01:05:41,855 --> 01:05:43,565
Haussmann will transform Paris,
924
01:05:44,107 --> 01:05:46,693
or more precisely half of Paris,
925
01:05:47,277 --> 01:05:49,195
in less than two decades.
926
01:05:58,621 --> 01:06:00,165
Get the latest news!
927
01:06:00,373 --> 01:06:02,041
The Republic is proclaimed!
928
01:06:02,250 --> 01:06:04,085
Napoleon İll in exile!
929
01:06:04,294 --> 01:06:07,005
Get the latest news!
Read it here, now!
930
01:06:14,637 --> 01:06:18,141
"Baron Haussmann has undertaken one
of the greatest projects of mankind..."
931
01:06:18,349 --> 01:06:19,392
Bla, bla, bla...
932
01:06:19,809 --> 01:06:22,145
Get the news! Republic proclaimed!
933
01:06:25,482 --> 01:06:29,402
"In 17 years he's demolished
20,000 unsanitary buildings,
934
01:06:29,611 --> 01:06:31,696
"Taid out 300 km of new roads,
935
01:06:31,905 --> 01:06:35,074
"600 miles of new sewers,"
bla, bla, bla...
936
01:06:35,283 --> 01:06:37,994
"Planted over a million trees.
937
01:06:40,830 --> 01:06:44,334
"Through his intelligent planning,
he's breathed air, life...
938
01:06:44,542 --> 01:06:45,877
"and light into Paris."
939
01:06:47,086 --> 01:06:48,505
Yes. Come in.
940
01:06:49,797 --> 01:06:50,924
Have a seat.
941
01:06:54,010 --> 01:06:57,722
Sadlly, none of Paris's "new light"
has made it to your brain.
942
01:06:57,931 --> 01:07:00,517
İt might have enlightened
this article of yours.
943
01:07:01,142 --> 01:07:02,393
Young man,
944
01:07:03,102 --> 01:07:05,230
you have forgotten that lust
945
01:07:05,438 --> 01:07:07,899
and money
are what sells newspapers.
946
01:07:08,191 --> 01:07:09,567
Yes, Sir.
947
01:07:09,776 --> 01:07:11,861
How was Haussmann able to tear down
948
01:07:12,070 --> 01:07:14,072
and rebuild half of Paris?
949
01:07:15,281 --> 01:07:18,576
How is such a miracle possible
with just one billion francs
950
01:07:18,785 --> 01:07:19,994
allocated by the state,
951
01:07:20,203 --> 01:07:23,456
when the work has cost more
than 2.5 billion?
952
01:07:24,374 --> 01:07:26,000
Where did he get the money?
953
01:07:26,960 --> 01:07:29,337
From the sons
of Portuguese immigrants
954
01:07:29,546 --> 01:07:33,675
who landed in Paris
without a penny in 1822.
955
01:07:33,883 --> 01:07:36,844
The Pereira brothers,
now known as the Brothers Pereire.
956
01:07:38,388 --> 01:07:39,514
OÖne moment.
957
01:07:45,436 --> 01:07:47,397
- Well?
- Yes, Sir.
958
01:07:49,190 --> 01:07:52,277
Thirty years later,
they've amassed a fortune.
959
01:07:52,485 --> 01:07:55,697
So, Napoleon İll goes to their bank,
Credit Mobilier.
960
01:07:56,906 --> 01:07:58,825
İt starts in
the Louvre neighborhood,
961
01:07:59,033 --> 01:08:01,369
one of Paris's most sordid areas
back then.
962
01:08:01,578 --> 01:08:03,037
Napoleon İll and Haussmann
963
01:08:03,246 --> 01:08:06,124
want to extend the Rue de Rivoli
to the Hötel de Ville.
964
01:08:06,332 --> 01:08:08,418
Their plan is to tear down the slums
965
01:08:08,626 --> 01:08:11,713
and construct new luxury buildings.
966
01:08:38,281 --> 01:08:41,451
No other bank will invest
in the Louvre reconstruction.
967
01:08:41,659 --> 01:08:44,078
Everyone thinks
the project is too expensive
968
01:08:44,287 --> 01:08:45,747
and too risky.
969
01:08:47,498 --> 01:08:49,292
That's Baron Haussmann.
970
01:08:49,500 --> 01:08:51,794
The Brothers Pereire
are his last hope.
971
01:08:52,003 --> 01:08:53,546
He must convince them to invest.
972
01:09:02,180 --> 01:09:06,851
The fate of Paris's transformation
will be sealed in just seconds.
973
01:09:17,111 --> 01:09:17,862
Three...
974
01:09:23,451 --> 01:09:24,702
Two...
975
01:09:29,624 --> 01:09:30,416
One...
976
01:09:31,542 --> 01:09:35,338
The Emperor has asked me
to extend his warmest greetings.
977
01:09:35,755 --> 01:09:37,173
We are greatly honored.
978
01:09:37,757 --> 01:09:40,385
Messieurs,
the completion of the Louvre
979
01:09:40,593 --> 01:09:42,303
is his great hope for Paris.
980
01:09:42,512 --> 01:09:47,016
Unfortunately, it has not generated
much enthusiasm.
981
01:09:47,225 --> 01:09:50,061
Simpiy put,
we know you have no buyer.
982
01:09:50,269 --> 01:09:53,523
Not only are you asking us
to buy the land,
983
01:09:53,731 --> 01:09:57,944
you also impose
some very binding specifications.
984
01:09:58,152 --> 01:09:59,445
And expensive.
985
01:09:59,737 --> 01:10:02,740
Huge six-storey buildings, arcades,
986
01:10:02,949 --> 01:10:05,952
- shopping galleries...
- İ?'s the perfect neighborhood.
987
01:10:07,328 --> 01:10:09,831
L propose 460 francs per sguare meter.
988
01:10:13,334 --> 01:10:16,754
460 francs? Are you serious?
989
01:10:16,963 --> 01:10:20,174
A price that guarantees
a significant profit.
990
01:10:20,383 --> 01:10:21,759
Along with significant risk.
991
01:10:22,343 --> 01:10:24,220
Messieurs, we all know
992
01:10:24,429 --> 01:10:28,099
that properties near Place de
la Concorde are trading at over 900.
993
01:10:28,349 --> 01:10:29,851
So why not...
994
01:10:31,185 --> 01:10:34,731
take this grand proposal
to James de Rothschild?
995
01:10:36,774 --> 01:10:39,402
Making a fortune
investing in railroads is over.
996
01:10:39,610 --> 01:10:42,071
İt is time to invest in stone.
997
01:10:42,280 --> 01:10:44,824
Why must all your buildings
look so similar?
998
01:10:45,032 --> 01:10:48,161
The lowest l can go
is 400 francs per sguare meter.
999
01:10:48,703 --> 01:10:51,706
And they'li all be named after him.
1000
01:10:51,914 --> 01:10:54,417
"Haussmannian" buildings.
1001
01:10:56,419 --> 01:10:58,171
400 francs.
1002
01:11:00,089 --> 01:11:02,467
Are you willing, at your expense,
1003
01:11:02,675 --> 01:11:06,596
to handle the demolition
of the houses crowding the Louvre?
1004
01:11:07,555 --> 01:11:09,807
The Emperor's friendship
and future public commissions
1005
01:11:10,016 --> 01:11:13,686
justify the price: 400 francs.
1006
01:11:27,325 --> 01:11:30,036
The Brothers Pereira
bought 15 acres in the heart of Paris
1007
01:11:30,244 --> 01:11:32,663
for 380 francs per sguare meter.
1008
01:11:32,872 --> 01:11:35,458
Then, for two years,
more than 3,000 men
1009
01:11:35,666 --> 01:11:37,335
worked day and night on the site.
1010
01:11:37,543 --> 01:11:38,836
And as if by magic,
1011
01:11:39,045 --> 01:11:42,882
private mansions and luxury shops
soon grew around Rue de Rivoli.
1012
01:11:43,382 --> 01:11:45,593
For the brothers
to resell for a fortune.
1013
01:11:46,010 --> 01:11:47,386
Right.
1014
01:11:48,721 --> 01:11:52,016
Spurred by Haussmann,
the extension of Rue de Rivoli
1015
01:11:52,225 --> 01:11:54,769
constitutes a major event for Paris.
1016
01:11:55,520 --> 01:11:57,396
The creation of a new neighborhood
around the Louvre
1017
01:11:57,605 --> 01:11:59,607
gives Paris a unigue prestige.
1018
01:12:00,024 --> 01:12:04,070
Place du Palais-Royal
also benefits from the expansion.
1019
01:12:04,445 --> 01:12:05,738
After the Louvre renovation,
1020
01:12:05,947 --> 01:12:08,324
the Pereira brothers
continue to buy more land,
1021
01:12:08,533 --> 01:12:10,785
build and resell all over Paris.
1022
01:12:13,454 --> 01:12:14,664
The Place de l'Opera.
1023
01:12:16,415 --> 01:12:17,792
The Carrefour de 1'Od&on.
1024
01:12:19,043 --> 01:12:20,878
Le Rond-Point des Champs-Elysees.
1025
01:12:21,546 --> 01:12:23,422
The Plaine Monceau.
1026
01:12:24,257 --> 01:12:26,634
Rue du Faubourg St-Honore.
1027
01:12:27,677 --> 01:12:29,387
Boulevard Montparnasse
1028
01:12:29,595 --> 01:12:32,473
and many other "master strokes".
1029
01:12:33,057 --> 01:12:34,934
The Pereira brothers
are the first to realize
1030
01:12:35,184 --> 01:12:37,895
that Baron Haussmann
planned to lay out his avenues
1031
01:12:38,104 --> 01:12:41,148
so that they converged
on sguares and monuments.
1032
01:12:41,357 --> 01:12:44,902
All they had to do was
acdguire strategically located slums
1033
01:12:45,111 --> 01:12:46,362
at low prices,
1034
01:12:46,571 --> 01:12:50,324
knowing that they would become
prestigious neighborhoods.
1035
01:12:56,497 --> 01:12:59,292
And the whole face of Paris changes.
1036
01:12:59,500 --> 01:13:01,127
The new layout of Rue Soufflot,
1037
01:13:01,335 --> 01:13:04,505
from Boulevard St-Germain
to Place du Panth&on
1038
01:13:04,714 --> 01:13:08,092
offers a new perspective
on the scale of the monument.
1039
01:13:11,971 --> 01:13:15,641
Boulevard Henri IV
is opened to link Guai de Bethune
1040
01:13:15,850 --> 01:13:17,393
to the Bastille.
1041
01:13:20,897 --> 01:13:23,691
The İle de la Cite
is completely restructured.
1042
01:13:23,900 --> 01:13:27,528
A new Palais de Justice is built,
1043
01:13:27,737 --> 01:13:31,824
along with a Prefecture de Police,
known as Guai des Orfevres.
1044
01:13:32,033 --> 01:13:36,037
Avenue de l'Opera encapsulates
Haussmann's true vision:
1045
01:13:36,245 --> 01:13:39,665
a capital with monuments
accentuated by grand perspective.
1046
01:13:44,503 --> 01:13:46,255
The bankers had no scruples.
1047
01:13:46,464 --> 01:13:48,966
They evicted people,
destroying their homes.
1048
01:13:49,634 --> 01:13:51,385
What could they have done?
İt was a slum.
1049
01:13:51,802 --> 01:13:53,679
Greedy speculators!
1050
01:13:53,888 --> 01:13:58,225
The Rothschild and other bankers
came in for their piece of the pie.
1051
01:13:58,893 --> 01:14:00,853
Under Haussmann, rents went up.
1052
01:14:01,604 --> 01:14:03,898
During the 19th century,
they went up by how much?
1053
01:14:04,106 --> 01:14:04,982
'M not sure.
1054
01:14:05,650 --> 01:14:07,151
Three hundred per cent.
1055
01:14:07,360 --> 01:14:09,946
- And wages stayed the same.
- Like our housing crises.
1056
01:14:10,154 --> 01:14:11,238
Little by little,
1057
01:14:11,447 --> 01:14:14,200
people leave Paris
and take refuge in the Faubourags.
1058
01:14:14,408 --> 01:14:17,203
- Today's suburbs.
- Come on, Louise!
1059
01:14:17,411 --> 01:14:19,664
Haussmann is the greatest architect
in Paris's history.
1060
01:14:20,164 --> 01:14:21,082
Maybe you're right.
1061
01:14:21,290 --> 01:14:24,669
But it was all for the gentrification
of the bourgeois.
1062
01:14:25,211 --> 01:14:27,964
Listen.
Whatever the controversy,
1063
01:14:28,923 --> 01:14:31,342
Baron Haussmann
has left us with a Paris
1064
01:14:31,550 --> 01:14:33,552
we know and love today.
1065
01:14:33,761 --> 01:14:37,890
He carved out wide openings
creating aesthetic perspective.
1066
01:14:39,100 --> 01:14:41,352
But one of the Baron's ulterior motives
1067
01:14:41,560 --> 01:14:44,188
was to anticipate
possible future uprising.
1068
01:14:44,397 --> 01:14:48,401
Thanks to wide boulevards,
the army could maneuver easily.
1069
01:14:48,943 --> 01:14:51,195
So Haussmann is a great
military strategist too?
1070
01:14:52,321 --> 01:14:53,698
Louise!
1071
01:14:56,033 --> 01:14:57,201
18/1.
1072
01:14:57,535 --> 01:15:00,955
Darkness. One of the bloodiest
episodes in Paris's history.
1073
01:15:01,330 --> 01:15:05,001
The year France ends
a humiliating war with Prussia.
1074
01:15:05,459 --> 01:15:08,254
It leads to the fall
of Napoleon İll.
1075
01:15:09,088 --> 01:15:12,675
For many months,
Prussians besiege and starve Paris.
1076
01:15:12,883 --> 01:15:15,386
The new government,
led by Adolphe Thiers,
1077
01:15:15,594 --> 01:15:17,596
finally accepts the city's surrender.
1078
01:15:18,305 --> 01:15:22,643
But rebellious Parisians
don't accept compromise.
1079
01:15:23,060 --> 01:15:24,562
Some of the people,
1080
01:15:24,770 --> 01:15:27,148
the Communards, taking up arms
1081
01:15:27,356 --> 01:15:29,358
to defend Paris, risking their lives.
1082
01:15:30,317 --> 01:15:33,279
İn 1871, Montmartre
resembles a provincial village,
1083
01:15:33,487 --> 01:15:37,283
with its windmills and vineyards.
1084
01:15:37,491 --> 01:15:41,620
İn this idyllic setting will take place
the world's first socialist revolution.
1085
01:15:42,413 --> 01:15:44,415
On the Butte Montmartre,
1086
01:15:44,623 --> 01:15:47,334
Paris's people organize its resistance.
1087
01:15:54,800 --> 01:15:58,304
ÖOn the night of March 18,
Adolphe Thiers
1088
01:15:58,512 --> 01:16:02,349
sends the State's Army to recover
the canons positioned on the Butte.
1089
01:16:06,228 --> 01:16:08,981
But the people are unwilling
to relinguish these weapons,
1090
01:16:09,190 --> 01:16:11,817
paid for with Parisians' money.
1091
01:16:13,110 --> 01:16:15,821
Allied with the National Guard,
the Communards
1092
01:16:16,030 --> 01:16:18,908
raise barricades.
They appear first in Montmartre,
1093
01:16:19,116 --> 01:16:23,037
then in Menilmontant
and Faubourg St-Antoine.
1094
01:16:23,245 --> 01:16:26,165
This is the beginning of the uprising.
1095
01:16:29,460 --> 01:16:32,171
The first battles
gulckly escalade into a civil war
1096
01:16:32,379 --> 01:16:33,964
with very bad odds.
1097
01:16:34,173 --> 01:16:38,052
The Army numbers
130,000 experienced soldiers.
1098
01:16:38,260 --> 01:16:41,889
Facing them
are barely 20,000 insurgents.
1099
01:16:42,181 --> 01:16:45,726
The Commune is finally defeated
during the "Bloody Week",
1100
01:16:45,935 --> 01:16:48,312
starting May 21 and ending May 28
1101
01:16:48,521 --> 01:16:50,731
with a final battle
at Pere Lachaise cemetery.
1102
01:16:51,607 --> 01:16:53,025
The punishment is ruthless.
1103
01:16:53,234 --> 01:16:57,196
20,000 to 30,000 people are executed
by the Army without a trial.
1104
01:16:57,696 --> 01:17:00,449
Blood runs
through the sewers of Paris.
1105
01:17:00,658 --> 01:17:02,868
İn places, the Seine is red.
1106
01:17:03,202 --> 01:17:05,830
The Communards
burn down their headguarters,
1107
01:17:06,038 --> 01:17:07,832
the Hötel de Ville.
1108
01:17:09,708 --> 01:17:12,044
Faced with the Army's oppression,
1109
01:17:12,253 --> 01:17:15,089
the insurgents
adopt a scorched earth policy.
1110
01:17:16,674 --> 01:17:20,344
Les Tuileries is burnt down
and will never be rebuilt.
1111
01:17:23,139 --> 01:17:25,933
Thanks to the intervention
of an Army commander,
1112
01:17:26,142 --> 01:17:28,561
the Louvre museum
and its collections
1113
01:17:28,769 --> 01:17:31,689
are miraculousiİy spared
from the flames.
1114
01:17:33,107 --> 01:17:35,568
After the St Bartholomew's Day
Massacre
1115
01:17:35,776 --> 01:17:37,820
and the terror
of the French Revolution,
1116
01:17:38,028 --> 01:17:41,699
the Commune insurrection is one
of the greatest human tragedies
1117
01:17:41,907 --> 01:17:43,951
in the history of the canpital.
1118
01:17:55,754 --> 01:17:58,507
Thiers's Army displayed
inhuman violence.
1119
01:17:58,716 --> 01:18:00,801
The battle was so lopsided.
They killed everyone,
1120
01:18:01,010 --> 01:18:02,887
men, women, children...
1121
01:18:03,554 --> 01:18:07,600
The Communards killed members
of the Clergy and some innocents.
1122
01:18:08,309 --> 01:18:10,060
Had the battles
gone on much longer,
1123
01:18:10,269 --> 01:18:12,688
Paris might have been destroyed
by a full civil war.
1124
01:18:13,522 --> 01:18:17,193
- Maybe it was necessary.
- Necessary?
1125
01:18:17,401 --> 01:18:19,987
They wanted better
conditions for the Proletariat.
1126
01:18:20,196 --> 01:18:23,365
They demanded big changes:
free and secular education,
1127
01:18:23,574 --> 01:18:27,244
divorce for women,
the separation of Church and State.
1128
01:18:28,162 --> 01:18:32,416
Many of those things would only
be achieved in the 20th century.
1129
01:18:32,875 --> 01:18:34,668
But for now, it is 1873,
1130
01:18:34,877 --> 01:18:37,588
and the conservative powers
restore moral order.
1131
01:18:37,796 --> 01:18:40,841
The National Assembly calls for
the Basiligue du Sacre-Coceur
1132
01:18:41,050 --> 01:18:44,136
to be built in atonement
for the Commune's cerimes.
1133
01:18:44,345 --> 01:18:48,140
İts immaculate whiteness will never wash
away all the blood that was spilled.
1134
01:18:50,351 --> 01:18:52,895
At the very site
of the insurrection's beginnings,
1135
01:18:53,103 --> 01:18:57,524
the Church and the State
decided to erect the Sacre-Cosur.
1136
01:18:59,818 --> 01:19:02,780
This symbolic monument
was mainly financed
1137
01:19:02,988 --> 01:19:05,241
by a national subscription.
İts architecture
1138
01:19:05,449 --> 01:19:07,660
and significance are still debated.
1139
01:19:34,770 --> 01:19:37,523
İn spite of its tumultuocus history,
1140
01:19:37,731 --> 01:19:39,566
Paris always rises from the ashes.
1141
01:19:39,775 --> 01:19:42,945
The capital no longer shies away
from taking the lead,
1142
01:19:44,071 --> 01:19:47,616
even at the risk
of provoking controversy again.
1143
01:19:48,701 --> 01:19:51,078
Built in two years,
like a giant erector set...
1144
01:19:51,287 --> 01:19:53,998
300 meters tall,
17,000 tons of steel,
1145
01:19:54,206 --> 01:19:57,835
18,000 parts
held up by 250,000 rivets...
1146
01:19:58,043 --> 01:20:01,088
Vollâ!
A technical masterpiece.
1147
01:20:02,089 --> 01:20:05,467
The point is to show the world
the progress of French industry.
1148
01:20:05,676 --> 01:20:08,929
And yet the Eiffel Tower
might never have existed.
1149
01:20:09,513 --> 01:20:12,516
For the 1889 Universal Exhibition,
1150
01:20:12,725 --> 01:20:15,102
they wanted an iron tower
on the Champs de Mars.
1151
01:20:16,228 --> 01:20:19,523
A great contest is launched.
Out of 107 projects,
1152
01:20:19,732 --> 01:20:22,693
a committee endorses the proposal
from Gustave Eiffel,
1153
01:20:22,901 --> 01:20:25,237
a popular engineer at the time.
1154
01:20:25,446 --> 01:20:29,158
But some remain unmoved
by the benefits of modernism.
1155
01:20:40,127 --> 01:20:41,920
In 1887,
1156
01:20:42,546 --> 01:20:44,006
Alexandre Dumas,
1157
01:20:44,214 --> 01:20:45,549
Guy de Maupassant
1158
01:20:45,758 --> 01:20:46,759
and Charles Garnier
1159
01:20:46,967 --> 01:20:49,928
become spokesmen for a manifesto
1160
01:20:50,137 --> 01:20:53,515
signed by personalities
from the world of Art and Letters.
1161
01:20:54,892 --> 01:20:56,560
L said we are here to protest.
1162
01:20:56,769 --> 01:21:00,189
Against the erection
in the heart of our dear canpital
1163
01:21:00,397 --> 01:21:02,358
of this monstrous and useless tower.
1164
01:21:02,566 --> 01:21:05,277
Öne only has to imagine for a moment
1165
01:21:05,486 --> 01:21:07,196
a dizzying tower dominating Paris,
1166
01:21:07,404 --> 01:21:11,658
overwhelming Notre-Dame
and the Louvre, humiliating the city.
1167
01:21:20,834 --> 01:21:24,004
Monsieur Eiffel, if you please.
1168
01:21:24,213 --> 01:21:26,340
My tower will have its own beauty.
1169
01:21:26,548 --> 01:21:30,844
Being an engineer doesn't mean
l don't appreciate true beauty.
1170
01:21:31,470 --> 01:21:34,390
Gustave Eiffel is a tenacious man.
1171
01:21:34,598 --> 01:21:38,102
The State has him advance
from his own personal funds
1172
01:21:38,310 --> 01:21:41,230
80 of the cost of construction.
1173
01:21:42,439 --> 01:21:44,775
From the onset,
Eiffel is preoccupied with
1174
01:21:44,983 --> 01:21:48,612
the inclination of the 4 cantilevered
pillars at the base of the tower.
1175
01:21:49,363 --> 01:21:52,324
To address this,
he places 800-ton jacks
1176
01:21:52,533 --> 01:21:53,951
in each of the four pillars.
1177
01:21:54,368 --> 01:21:58,205
The engineers can thus modify
the angle and slope of the pillars
1178
01:21:58,414 --> 01:22:00,207
to allow their junction.
1179
01:22:00,416 --> 01:22:02,668
Once the first floor
is correctliy assembled,
1180
01:22:02,876 --> 01:22:05,504
everything falls into place.
1181
01:22:06,672 --> 01:22:09,842
Who could argue against
the artistic value of the pyramids
1182
01:22:10,050 --> 01:22:12,928
and how they've sparked
the imagination of men?
1183
01:22:13,137 --> 01:22:15,222
What are the pyramids anyway
1184
01:22:15,431 --> 01:22:17,683
but towering mounds made by men?
1185
01:22:18,308 --> 01:22:22,187
Each part of the tower is drawn
and numbered in a workshop.
1186
01:22:22,813 --> 01:22:26,191
These metal parts are
on average five meters long.
1187
01:22:26,817 --> 01:22:28,735
They're delivered ready for use,
1188
01:22:28,944 --> 01:22:32,322
along with a detailed plan
for each section.
1189
01:22:32,531 --> 01:22:35,242
To assemble these elemenits,
acrobats work
1190
01:22:35,451 --> 01:22:38,745
over the void
for up to 13 hours a day.
1191
01:22:38,954 --> 01:22:41,874
İt will only take
an average of 150 laborers
1192
01:22:42,082 --> 01:22:45,461
to assemble this giant,
three-dimensional puzzle.
1193
01:22:46,170 --> 01:22:47,963
The worksite is a tribute
1194
01:22:48,172 --> 01:22:51,717
to these highly-skilled,
yet anonymous heroes.
1195
01:22:55,137 --> 01:22:57,181
What visitor can remain unmoved
1196
01:22:57,389 --> 01:22:59,057
when he gazes at the pyramids?
1197
01:22:59,266 --> 01:23:02,978
İt will be the tallest structure
ever raised by mankind.
1198
01:23:03,187 --> 01:23:07,357
İsn't that extraordinarily beautiful
in its own way?
1199
01:23:10,569 --> 01:23:13,071
Why does that
which is admirable in Egypt
1200
01:23:13,280 --> 01:23:16,116
become hideous
and ridiculous in Paris?
1201
01:23:16,325 --> 01:23:19,870
I've searched and found
no answer to that duestion.
1202
01:23:24,541 --> 01:23:28,045
The Eiffel Tower is erected
in less than 27 months.
1203
01:23:28,253 --> 01:23:32,049
İt is an architectural marvel,
a true technical achievement
1204
01:23:32,257 --> 01:23:35,010
and above all, an extraordinary
human accomplishment.
1205
01:23:35,219 --> 01:23:39,681
When the Universal Exhibition
is inaugurated on May 15, 1889,
1206
01:23:40,307 --> 01:23:42,309
the tower is its main attraction.
1207
01:23:50,275 --> 01:23:54,321
What a Belle Epogue!
France is a major world power.
1208
01:23:54,530 --> 01:23:58,825
Huge pavilions of iron and glass
stand in the Champs de Mars.
1209
01:23:59,034 --> 01:24:01,245
İn them, 32 million visitors
1210
01:24:01,870 --> 01:24:05,332
contemplate
the latest industrial innovations.
1211
01:24:06,333 --> 01:24:09,795
This exhibition
is also an amusement park.
1212
01:24:11,004 --> 01:24:14,091
Tourists stroll down
a reconstructed Cairo street,
1213
01:24:14,591 --> 01:24:17,219
walk through a giant globe,
1214
01:24:17,427 --> 01:24:20,097
or venture inside
a South African diamond mine.
1215
01:24:23,559 --> 01:24:25,727
İn the largest pavillion
of the exhibition,
1216
01:24:25,936 --> 01:24:29,398
across from l'Ecole Militaire,
the military school,
1217
01:24:29,606 --> 01:24:32,985
modern world inventions
are showcased for astonished visitors.
1218
01:24:33,193 --> 01:24:37,906
İn spite of the extravagant cost,
7 times more than that of the tower,
1219
01:24:38,115 --> 01:24:42,077
the Gallery of Machines is dismantled
amid controversy in 1910.
1220
01:24:42,327 --> 01:24:43,662
On the Champ de Mars,
1221
01:24:43,870 --> 01:24:48,417
the Eiffel Tower is the last vestige
of this phenomenal exhibition.
1222
01:25:23,160 --> 01:25:24,536
İn spite of all the controversy,
1223
01:25:25,078 --> 01:25:28,540
the minute it is finished,
the tower is a huge success.
1224
01:25:28,749 --> 01:25:32,878
Two million visitors during
the Universal Exhibition of 1889!
1225
01:25:33,587 --> 01:25:36,381
The tower is profitable
in its first year but attendance slows.
1226
01:25:37,215 --> 01:25:39,801
And the controversy resumes.
1227
01:25:40,177 --> 01:25:43,180
Eiffel only had the concession
for twenty years.
1228
01:25:44,348 --> 01:25:46,475
His tower's fate again in duestion,
1229
01:25:46,683 --> 01:25:50,562
Eiffel presents convincing arguments
to prevent its dismantling.
1230
01:25:51,313 --> 01:25:54,441
He saves it
by turning it into a radio relay,
1231
01:25:54,650 --> 01:25:57,235
starting in 1913
and sending radio signals
1232
01:25:57,444 --> 01:26:00,197
all the way
to the United States and beyond,
1233
01:26:00,405 --> 01:26:03,241
up to 6,000 kilometers
in every direction.
1234
01:26:11,875 --> 01:26:16,129
The Universal Exhibitions
leave other great structures,
1235
01:26:16,338 --> 01:26:18,674
such as
the Palais des Chaillot in 1937,
1236
01:26:19,299 --> 01:26:22,552
and the Petit
and Grand Palais in 1900.
1237
01:26:25,555 --> 01:26:28,558
For 3,000 years,
Parisians have often denigrated
1238
01:26:28,767 --> 01:26:31,144
that in which they take
the most pride.
1239
01:26:32,479 --> 01:26:35,315
Parisian modern facilities
often spawn,
1240
01:26:35,524 --> 01:26:37,317
as the Eiffel Tower did,
1241
01:26:37,526 --> 01:26:39,236
heated debate.
1242
01:26:39,903 --> 01:26:44,616
What would Paris look like today
without these great visionaries?
1243
01:26:45,450 --> 01:26:48,704
I'm portrayed as an engineer
lacking artistic taste.
1244
01:26:48,912 --> 01:26:50,789
If that was true,
1245
01:26:50,997 --> 01:26:54,376
l could have constructed
a giant factory of steel
1246
01:26:54,584 --> 01:26:57,087
in the center of Paris,
which l could have called
1247
01:26:57,295 --> 01:26:59,756
the "Notre-Dame of big pipes".
1248
01:27:00,757 --> 01:27:04,428
The Beaubourg Center
is designed by 3 pioneering architects,
1249
01:27:04,636 --> 01:27:08,432
Renzo Piano, Richard Rogers,
and Gianfranco Franchini.
1250
01:27:08,640 --> 01:27:10,726
İnaugurated in 1977,
1251
01:27:10,934 --> 01:27:14,604
the building was brought into being
by president Georges Pompidou.
1252
01:27:15,313 --> 01:27:18,024
Even before its construction,
the Tour Montparnasse
1253
01:27:18,233 --> 01:27:21,194
weathers heavy criticism
from those who see its height
1254
01:27:21,403 --> 01:27:23,697
as being out of proportion
with the rest of Paris.
1255
01:27:23,905 --> 01:27:26,241
But Andre Malraux,
minister of culture,
1256
01:27:26,450 --> 01:27:30,078
supports the project
as early as 1968.
1257
01:27:32,372 --> 01:27:34,082
You don't understand the necessity
1258
01:27:34,291 --> 01:27:37,169
of creating wide avenues in Paris.
1259
01:27:38,086 --> 01:27:40,213
Many have called me bold,
1260
01:27:40,422 --> 01:27:43,300
but l already know
my vision is too small.
1261
01:27:43,508 --> 01:27:45,260
Were l truly audaciocus,
1262
01:27:45,469 --> 01:27:49,264
l would turn the wide banks
of the Seine into expressways.
1263
01:27:49,556 --> 01:27:52,225
During the 20th century,
it becomes urgent
1264
01:27:52,434 --> 01:27:55,145
to deal with Paris's
growing traffic problem.
1265
01:27:55,353 --> 01:27:57,105
İn spite of public disapproval,
1266
01:27:57,314 --> 01:28:00,776
the first riverbank expressway
is built on Rive Droite
1267
01:28:00,984 --> 01:28:03,528
between 1961 and 1969.
1268
01:28:04,154 --> 01:28:06,656
His Majesty, the Sun King
1269
01:28:07,574 --> 01:28:11,203
commands you to construct
in the west of Paris
1270
01:28:11,953 --> 01:28:14,831
an arch, monumental
1271
01:28:15,040 --> 01:28:17,125
and dedicated
1272
01:28:17,918 --> 01:28:19,795
to his glory.
1273
01:28:20,003 --> 01:28:22,255
Every day thereafter,
1274
01:28:22,464 --> 01:28:25,175
the loving rays of the sun
will iluminate
1275
01:28:25,383 --> 01:28:28,220
the magnificence of Paris.
1276
01:28:29,012 --> 01:28:30,222
İn 1989,
1277
01:28:30,430 --> 01:28:33,391
the monumental work of architect
Otto von Spreckelsen
1278
01:28:33,600 --> 01:28:36,186
begins in
La Defense business district.
1279
01:28:36,394 --> 01:28:39,105
The Grande Arche
complements the historical access
1280
01:28:39,314 --> 01:28:42,275
designed in 1640
by landscape architect
1281
01:28:42,484 --> 01:28:44,277
Andre Le Nötre.
1282
01:28:45,278 --> 01:28:46,613
At the time,
1283
01:28:46,822 --> 01:28:48,114
you were dubious
1284
01:28:48,323 --> 01:28:51,827
l could build an Arc de Triomphe
of such magnitude
1285
01:28:52,035 --> 01:28:54,621
in the middle of the Champs-Elysees.
1286
01:28:55,705 --> 01:28:57,666
L love antiduity.
1287
01:28:58,959 --> 01:29:02,379
You remember of course
my Egyptian campaign.
1288
01:29:02,587 --> 01:29:05,924
We could have gone
so much further back in time.
1289
01:29:07,092 --> 01:29:10,929
Think about it and imagine
a pyramid in the Louvre.
1290
01:29:11,555 --> 01:29:14,182
Such an idea
could go down in history.
1291
01:29:14,641 --> 01:29:16,601
Built by architect l. M. Pei,
1292
01:29:16,810 --> 01:29:19,145
the Louvre pyramid was inaugurated
1293
01:29:19,354 --> 01:29:22,148
by president
François Mitterrand in 1989.
1294
01:29:22,357 --> 01:29:25,193
İt was first
the target of heavy criticism
1295
01:29:25,402 --> 01:29:28,572
before it was recognized
as a symbol of Paris's entrance
1296
01:29:28,780 --> 01:29:30,907
into the new millennium.
1297
01:29:31,825 --> 01:29:33,743
We've come
to the end of our journey.
1298
01:29:33,952 --> 01:29:35,537
So how did Paris become
1299
01:29:36,162 --> 01:29:38,415
a city so unigue İn the world?
1300
01:29:38,832 --> 01:29:42,294
Paris is the rebellicusness
of its people...
1301
01:29:44,838 --> 01:29:46,631
and the beautiful neighborhoods.
1302
01:29:47,299 --> 01:29:49,968
For me, it's all the monuments.
1303
01:29:50,176 --> 01:29:52,429
Paris, the world's biggest museum!
1304
01:29:53,013 --> 01:29:55,891
The city of love and shopping.
1305
01:29:56,224 --> 01:29:57,809
Paris...
1306
01:29:58,768 --> 01:30:02,063
The atmosphere, the ambiance...
1307
01:30:02,647 --> 01:30:04,691
and alittle coffee at a bistrot.
1308
01:30:04,900 --> 01:30:06,860
Watching the pretty women pass Dy...
1309
01:30:09,237 --> 01:30:10,614
For 3,000 years,
1310
01:30:11,197 --> 01:30:14,409
Paris has modeled itself
on Athens or Rome
1311
01:30:14,618 --> 01:30:18,872
and been shaped by the dogma
of Christianity and royalty.
1312
01:30:19,080 --> 01:30:23,376
İt has endured the tumult of revolutions
and the age of capitalism.
1313
01:30:23,793 --> 01:30:27,297
The legacy of the past
has carved its beauty,
1314
01:30:27,505 --> 01:30:29,049
to the point ofit risking
1315
01:30:29,257 --> 01:30:32,135
being frozen in time
like a city museum.
1316
01:30:32,344 --> 01:30:36,139
Paris is now at a crossroads,
ready for new adventures.
1317
01:30:36,348 --> 01:30:39,434
İts next inevitable
metamorphosis is vital
1318
01:30:39,643 --> 01:30:41,853
for Paris to always remain Paris.
1319
01:30:43,146 --> 01:30:46,816
Audacious, impetuous, visionary...
1320
01:30:47,275 --> 01:30:51,154
An eternal city, a city of light.
1321
01:32:24,456 --> 01:32:26,082
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