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This is Edwardian Britain.
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The remarkable years at the
turn of the 20th century.
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It's an incredible period.
It's the shaping of our modern era.
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00:00:11,780 --> 00:00:15,420
We wouldn't be where we are
without the Edwardians.
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Now, for the first time, in colour.
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History tends to be about the rich,
the famous, the powerful,
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whereas these people,
they're ordinary people.
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This footage is about them.
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This time, Edwardian Britain
locked in a power struggle.
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Workers unite and fight
for fairer work and pay.
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Real sense of hope, I think, amongst
working people that they can make
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00:00:40,060 --> 00:00:42,540
a difference to their own lives.
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00:00:42,540 --> 00:00:46,620
Women demand a voice, the vote,
and a place in the world.
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It was about changing society's
views about what women could dream
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to be and do.
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And it was about counting themselves
in a way that society didn't.
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Victories are won, but a
whole generation would make
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the ultimate sacrifice.
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This is very poignant because
you know what's coming next.
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And you know exactly what
these men are going to face.
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The Edwardian era from 1981
to 1914 was a period of rapid
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change and excitement.
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Miraculous new feats of British
engineering were changing the world.
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The unsinkable Titanic -
built here in Belfast,
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and set sail in Southampton in 1912,
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and the motor car,
boasting a top speed of 12mph,
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were inventions that revolutionised
life for all kinds of people.
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The Edwardian period was a start
of a new decade of a new century.
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People were prosperous,
people were happier.
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They were kind of coming out
of that long mourning period
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for Queen Victoria.
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There's a whole feeling of optimism.
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Cities and towns across the north,
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like Wigan, captured here in 1902,
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were being transformed by
modern forms of transport.
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This is the opening of the trams.
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The trams were an absolutely
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important thing for linking
small industrial towns together.
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So when a new tram opened,
everybody would come
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out and celebrate.
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Virtually, every major
town in Lancashire
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had a tramway by.
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Certainly, the early 1900s.
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Previously, they would have had
horse drawn trams and so this was
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like state-of-the-art,
new technology.
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And they were very much
part of civic pride.
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In 1900, more than a million horses
were required to pull Britain's
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trams and buses.
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But just a decade later,
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they had all but vanished.
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British-engineered double-decker
trams like these were a proud
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emblem of progress.
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The excitement the joy on people's
faces at seeing this new innovation.
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At this time, everything
was innovative.
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Everything was changing,
not just for upper classes,
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not just for middle classes,
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but for working everyday people.
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I think there's something
really special about that.
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I love that we've got the old
and the new side by side.
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The coachman in the red coat coming
alongside the newer tram that's
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going to displace him.
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Just getting ready to start.
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We're leaving behind that world
of horse-drawn carriages and
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horse-drawn carts and we're moving
into a different kind of time.
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I absolutely love this shot
of the little girl being picked
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up by her dad.
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So, she's on camera, everyone
around her is cheering and excited.
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It's just a moment of absolute joy.
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It's fantastic.
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And even the couple,
the very middle class couple
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in the background, the guy's
waving his riding crop, I think.
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Everyone wants to be
part of this moment.
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They see it as a historic moment.
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This film was shot by
Mitchell and Kenyon,
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to Edwardian entrepreneurs who
travelled the country documenting
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everyday life.
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And on this occasion,
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they couldn't resist
an attempt at comedy.
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Look at this.
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The film-makers obviously
set up a comedic element.
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You can see the guy in the
bowler hat is clearly setting
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it up and sort of
directing it at that.
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And he's giving this sort of...
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SHE LAUGHS
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He's people pushing
the man directly
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into the hose pipe,
which is hilarious.
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These had a locality of
maybe ten or 12 miles.
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They were not really shown
anywhere else outside the area.
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In actuality, it's entertainment
to show people a bit
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of their hometown on film and
get yourself on the screen.
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The colour just really brings
this scene to life, it closes
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that gap down between
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us as viewers and them
as subjects in the film.
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It makes them seem...
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..much more like us.
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It's like time travelling.
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It's like you're going back and
walking amongst these people.
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People who are exactly like us,
and lead such similar lives
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to the ones we lead today.
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The Edwardian period is the most
fascinating period of the last
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100 years because it's a
period of rapid transformation,
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where people's standards of living
increases quite quickly,
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their access to leisure time and
holidays and new technology is
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starting to make a massive
difference to their lives.
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With more time for leisure,
sports became part of daily life.
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Cricket and tennis had long been
favoured by the wealthy.
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But now the working man
had football.
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Where two or 3,000 would
watch in the Victorian era,
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now, matches were attracting
crowds of more than 30,000.
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This FA Cup third round match
between Burnley and Spurs at
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Turf Moor shows there was
nothing bigger than
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supporting your local team.
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Quite extraordinary.
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You can't hear their supporters,
however, 23,000 Burnley supporters -
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It wouldn't have been
quiet that day.
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I've been following
Burnley since 1972.
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I came down, my dad brought me
on a Fulham game in 1972.
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I've followed the for 20
years without missing a game,
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home and away.
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Looking at the footage, Burnley
shown in green, that is the correct
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colours of the day.
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It wasn't until the 1910
season that was changed
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to claret blue.
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The captain that day was a
gentleman called Alex Leake.
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He led the Burnley players out,
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and it was a big, big occasion.
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Cup fever. Cup fever
in the olden day.
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All the guys in the background,
they're wearing flak caps.
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It looks like they've come
straight from the mills.
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To the mill workers and the
mineworkers in the area,
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this is what they
live for - football.
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This is their outlet from
coming out of the mines,
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out of the mills, they come
straight down here and to watch
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Burnley play.
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The average ticket cost only £1
in today's money,
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and apparently, the beer
was just as cheap.
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It's rather the worse for wear
before the football match.
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Football is huge for
many communities.
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Supporting your local town -
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It's become a regular kind
of leisure pursuit for many men.
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We know that then these
films were re shown in the local
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exhibition places, that people
responded to seeing their players.
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And if the home team lost,
they didn't show the film.
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Luckily, Burnley won the game 3-1.
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So the footage survives.
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Edwardian's were proud,
not only of their football team,
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but of their local community.
148
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And they love to show it.
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Big social events like this charity
swimming gala in Tynemouth in 1901
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were an opportunity for the
whole town to come out
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and enjoy themselves.
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The Edwardians loved to put
on a show for local people,
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they loved civic events and galas,
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and the processions,
so this is
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very appropriate for Tynemouth to
put on a gala, have people swimming,
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have people diving and lots
of people in boats watching,
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because it's a town
that's fiercely proud
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of its maritime history.
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This is the fancy dress
swimming parade in Tynemouth.
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They start with top hats and
then they have to wear almost
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like this gentlemen's costumes
and then they swim.
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And it's a local annual
charity competition.
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It's so funny seeing men dressed
up in fancy dress swimming.
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It's kind of like the
ludicrous pantomime
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of Edwardian entertainment.
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Most of the people watching would
not be able to swim this incredibly
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daring, foolhardy activity.
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They're not in the safety
of the local swimming pool.
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They're actually in the Tyne.
It looks absolutely freezing.
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This reminds me of growing up
in the Northeast and going to
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Tynemouth Open Air Pool, which was a
tidal pool filled with sea water.
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So, I remember just how cold it
was and they're a lot hardier,
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the Edwardians, than we are.
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I think we're all a bit soft now.
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00:09:42,620 --> 00:09:46,460
But Edwardian Britain
wasn't all fun and games.
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Workers took to the streets
to demand a fair deal,
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as a wave of strikes threatened
to pull the nation apart.
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Working class people seemed
to push for a better deal,
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after centuries of having
a pretty rubbish deal.
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00:10:00,780 --> 00:10:03,180
And this is the first time you
really see this and it's played
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out on the streets.
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The Edwardian policeman is a
figure we can recognise today.
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00:10:19,660 --> 00:10:21,180
Throughout the era,
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the profession modernised as
officers were issued standard
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uniforms and equipment,
and even began using methods
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like fingerprint analysis.
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00:10:33,060 --> 00:10:34,340
A policeman had to be a certain
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height in the Edwardian period.
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So, most policemen that you see
command attention from their height
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00:10:41,420 --> 00:10:45,860
and there's that kind of
demeanour of authority.
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These men are the new recruits
of what is now known
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as the Greater Manchester Police.
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I love this scene because it looks
to me, this is their equipment,
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and I think there's a truncheon,
certainly a truncheon.
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That's what they defend
themselves with.
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Their notebook, I think
we're seeing there.
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00:11:06,060 --> 00:11:08,060
A whistle.
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00:11:08,060 --> 00:11:09,620
And pair of handcuffs.
199
00:11:10,780 --> 00:11:16,660
The four essential things that you
would find on a police officer...
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..today.
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00:11:21,460 --> 00:11:24,580
Only one in five applicants
were successful.
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00:11:24,580 --> 00:11:27,340
The perfect candidate
was over 5'7",
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00:11:27,340 --> 00:11:30,940
physically fit and had a
stable personal life.
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00:11:30,940 --> 00:11:35,180
Criteria that haven't changed
too much over the years.
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00:11:35,180 --> 00:11:37,220
We certainly did that as well.
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00:11:37,220 --> 00:11:41,020
They tended to select
people who were under 30.
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00:11:41,020 --> 00:11:44,300
And if they were married,
they were told they couldn't
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00:11:44,300 --> 00:11:47,060
have more than two children
when they joined.
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00:11:47,060 --> 00:11:49,820
And if you wanted to get married,
you'd had to ask permission
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to get married.
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00:11:51,180 --> 00:11:54,900
I remember when I got
married in 1981,
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00:11:54,900 --> 00:11:58,540
I had to put in a form in asking
permission to get married.
213
00:11:58,540 --> 00:12:00,540
So it still carried on then.
214
00:12:03,100 --> 00:12:05,820
I was sent away with
other male colleagues
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00:12:05,820 --> 00:12:09,420
to an Army training centre.
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It was such a shock to the system.
217
00:12:12,180 --> 00:12:14,060
I can remember phoning
my dad and saying,
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00:12:14,060 --> 00:12:16,180
"What on Earth have I
got myself into?"
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00:12:18,540 --> 00:12:21,300
Policing is pretty
varied at this time.
220
00:12:22,380 --> 00:12:24,580
See here, they're involved
in first aid,
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00:12:24,580 --> 00:12:27,100
they're involved in ambulance work.
222
00:12:29,660 --> 00:12:31,060
I like this bit, by the way.
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00:12:31,060 --> 00:12:34,380
"The very latest methods
of ambulance work."
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00:12:34,380 --> 00:12:37,740
They just roll up,
stick out a stretcher,
225
00:12:39,540 --> 00:12:43,900
put this poor guy on a stretcher,
who probably shouldn't be moved,
226
00:12:43,900 --> 00:12:45,220
stick him in the back,
227
00:12:45,220 --> 00:12:48,460
and that's the very latest
methods of policing.
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00:12:48,460 --> 00:12:49,860
It's amazing.
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Keen to publicise
their achievements,
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00:12:55,180 --> 00:12:57,860
the police force themselves
commissioned this
231
00:12:57,860 --> 00:13:00,340
30-minute long documentary.
232
00:13:00,340 --> 00:13:04,300
It's perhaps an early example
of Edwardian corporate PR.
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00:13:05,660 --> 00:13:08,380
There's an interesting thing already
that the makers of this film
234
00:13:08,380 --> 00:13:09,940
have seen it as necessary
235
00:13:09,940 --> 00:13:12,540
to say "our friends, the police",
almost as if they're trying
236
00:13:12,540 --> 00:13:15,500
to convince the audience who may
be watching this that the police
237
00:13:15,500 --> 00:13:16,740
are their friends.
238
00:13:16,740 --> 00:13:20,380
It's almost as if they're producing
this to try and tell the audience
239
00:13:20,380 --> 00:13:23,140
what the police do because
people don't know what they do
240
00:13:23,140 --> 00:13:25,660
or they want to change the
perception of what people think
241
00:13:25,660 --> 00:13:27,580
the police do.
242
00:13:27,580 --> 00:13:31,620
Shows that the people, they're being
recruited in civilian clothes,
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00:13:31,620 --> 00:13:33,540
they're ordinary people.
244
00:13:33,540 --> 00:13:35,900
I think they're trying to
instil that sense of
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00:13:35,900 --> 00:13:40,060
"you can trust us
because we are you."
246
00:13:52,700 --> 00:13:55,740
One January morning in 1911,
247
00:13:55,740 --> 00:13:59,020
in the shadowy streets of
London's East End,
248
00:13:59,020 --> 00:14:01,580
the police were about to
face something no training
249
00:14:01,580 --> 00:14:04,220
could have prepared them for.
250
00:14:04,220 --> 00:14:07,900
One of the most infamous gun
battles in British history.
251
00:14:07,900 --> 00:14:10,020
All remarkably caught on film.
252
00:14:13,500 --> 00:14:15,660
Well, this is amazing, isn't it?
253
00:14:15,660 --> 00:14:17,020
A siege of Sydney Street.
254
00:14:17,020 --> 00:14:22,340
Something we can relate to today
because it's a terrorist incident.
255
00:14:22,340 --> 00:14:26,740
A gang of Latvian anarchists were
on the run after murdering three
256
00:14:26,740 --> 00:14:30,260
policemen in a failed
jewellery robbery.
257
00:14:30,260 --> 00:14:32,420
Two of them got trapped
258
00:14:32,420 --> 00:14:34,180
in this house in Sydney Street.
259
00:14:34,180 --> 00:14:38,140
Amazing piece of intelligence
to track them down.
260
00:14:38,140 --> 00:14:40,380
So, there were the guns
that the police had,
261
00:14:40,380 --> 00:14:42,300
totally inadequate,
262
00:14:42,300 --> 00:14:45,660
but the unusual thing is
that the Army were called in.
263
00:14:45,660 --> 00:14:48,820
I think the first and only time
that the police have called the Army
264
00:14:48,820 --> 00:14:52,820
into a system because they had
nothing to match the firepower
265
00:14:52,820 --> 00:14:56,700
of these two Latvians who
were cornered in this house
266
00:14:56,700 --> 00:14:57,900
in Sydney Street.
267
00:15:01,660 --> 00:15:04,660
The East End was home
to a large working class,
268
00:15:04,660 --> 00:15:06,460
an immigrant population.
269
00:15:06,460 --> 00:15:10,540
It was seen as a hotbed of political
activism and those in power
270
00:15:10,540 --> 00:15:14,500
were determined to stamp out
any signs of social unrest.
271
00:15:16,020 --> 00:15:17,900
Early 20th century Britain,
272
00:15:17,900 --> 00:15:22,180
the fear of anarchism was
very strong and there was a fear
273
00:15:22,180 --> 00:15:26,580
that anarchists would take
over the country or cause so much
274
00:15:26,580 --> 00:15:29,900
disarray that there would
be social revolution.
275
00:15:31,620 --> 00:15:35,980
So, in many ways, the Sydney Street
Siege shows that we do need army,
276
00:15:35,980 --> 00:15:39,100
we do need a police force,
that there is a need for law
277
00:15:39,100 --> 00:15:41,420
and order, it provides
a justification for it.
278
00:15:43,500 --> 00:15:46,100
The siege lasted for over six hours.
279
00:15:47,300 --> 00:15:50,940
And standing less than
100 yards from the gunfire,
280
00:15:50,940 --> 00:15:53,900
a familiar figure came
down to get involved.
281
00:15:58,380 --> 00:16:01,260
Oh, and there's Winston Churchill
there in the top hat.
282
00:16:01,260 --> 00:16:04,460
He'd come down to, some say
to direct operations,
283
00:16:04,460 --> 00:16:07,820
and people weren't sure about
his authority to do that,
284
00:16:07,820 --> 00:16:10,740
although he obviously had a
military background himself.
285
00:16:12,260 --> 00:16:14,940
So, Churchill's there as
Home Secretary,
286
00:16:14,940 --> 00:16:17,020
looking as if he's in charge.
287
00:16:17,020 --> 00:16:18,900
Well, of course,
he shouldn't be in charge.
288
00:16:18,900 --> 00:16:21,460
The whole point of our system
was we set up the police
289
00:16:21,460 --> 00:16:24,060
where they would be citizens
in uniform and not
290
00:16:24,060 --> 00:16:25,620
directed by politicians.
291
00:16:25,620 --> 00:16:28,540
So, Churchill had no role there.
292
00:16:28,540 --> 00:16:32,060
The very presence of a politician
might well have been putting
293
00:16:32,060 --> 00:16:35,900
the police in more danger because
they would have to protect him.
294
00:16:35,900 --> 00:16:39,300
He went there just because
he couldn't resist the temptation
295
00:16:39,300 --> 00:16:40,660
of being in the lead.
296
00:16:40,660 --> 00:16:44,620
I mean, he was a bit of a showman,
was our Winnie.
297
00:16:44,620 --> 00:16:50,940
At this time, Winston Churchill was
a very ambitious young politician,
298
00:16:50,940 --> 00:16:55,900
and his attempt to resolve
the Sydney Street Siege
299
00:16:55,900 --> 00:16:59,940
was an attempt to place his name
and his picture on the front pages
300
00:16:59,940 --> 00:17:01,660
as some sort of saviour.
301
00:17:05,740 --> 00:17:10,260
Now here, a fire started in the
house where the two Latvians were
302
00:17:10,260 --> 00:17:12,420
holding out under siege.
303
00:17:12,420 --> 00:17:14,820
Nobody knows how that fire started.
304
00:17:14,820 --> 00:17:17,460
But Churchill said,
"No, let the fire burn.
305
00:17:17,460 --> 00:17:21,460
"Either the Latvians will
come out or they'll die."
306
00:17:21,460 --> 00:17:24,260
The guy being carried out
is a fireman.
307
00:17:24,260 --> 00:17:27,300
One fireman was killed,
actually, in this.
308
00:17:27,300 --> 00:17:28,820
It was a big incident.
309
00:17:28,820 --> 00:17:31,900
I remember when I was a kid,
it was still a big thing.
310
00:17:31,900 --> 00:17:34,540
You can read lots of articles
and books about it, but actually
311
00:17:34,540 --> 00:17:37,380
watching, seeing it,
seeing Churchill turn up,
312
00:17:37,380 --> 00:17:39,380
seeing it happening is fascinating.
313
00:17:48,900 --> 00:17:52,860
Tension and conflict were in the
air and it now exploded in a wave
314
00:17:52,860 --> 00:17:55,780
of workers strikes,
the likes of which Britain
315
00:17:55,780 --> 00:17:57,540
had never seen before.
316
00:17:57,540 --> 00:18:02,100
In 1913 alone, there were
1,500 strikes.
317
00:18:02,100 --> 00:18:06,860
From dockers here in Liverpool,
to miners, teachers,
318
00:18:06,860 --> 00:18:07,860
and bus drivers.
319
00:18:09,580 --> 00:18:13,540
All took to the streets to
fight against the old order.
320
00:18:13,540 --> 00:18:19,300
In Dublin, 20,000 transport workers,
most forced to work 17-hour days,
321
00:18:19,300 --> 00:18:24,020
were locked in industrial disputes
without wages for six long months.
322
00:18:25,660 --> 00:18:30,180
Working class people seem to be
rising up in all sorts of ways.
323
00:18:30,180 --> 00:18:33,100
They're organising politically,
they're forming political parties.
324
00:18:33,100 --> 00:18:35,380
Those of them who have the
vote are beginning to use
325
00:18:35,380 --> 00:18:38,500
it and they're beginning to use
it to push for a better deal,
326
00:18:38,500 --> 00:18:42,500
after centuries of having a pretty
rubbish deal and this is the first
327
00:18:42,500 --> 00:18:45,380
time you really see this and
it's played out on the streets.
328
00:18:47,740 --> 00:18:50,140
But it's a much smaller strike,
329
00:18:50,140 --> 00:18:54,060
a group of hotel workers in Dublin,
that provides a rare glimpse
330
00:18:54,060 --> 00:18:56,460
into life on the
Edwardian picket line.
331
00:19:01,780 --> 00:19:03,420
So, this looks like the price list
332
00:19:03,420 --> 00:19:05,820
in the strike committee's cafe.
333
00:19:05,820 --> 00:19:08,020
Can't strike on an empty stomach.
334
00:19:09,140 --> 00:19:11,180
Wow. You pay high prices,
335
00:19:11,180 --> 00:19:13,100
but we're paid low wages.
336
00:19:13,100 --> 00:19:16,580
This shows how in the Edwardian
period, we have people becoming
337
00:19:16,580 --> 00:19:19,180
more aware of what they were
getting paid in relative
338
00:19:19,180 --> 00:19:20,660
to what they were selling,
339
00:19:20,660 --> 00:19:22,180
so that somebody was making
340
00:19:22,180 --> 00:19:24,700
a profit out of their low wages.
341
00:19:24,700 --> 00:19:27,060
So they're starting
to create these banners.
342
00:19:27,060 --> 00:19:29,300
I mean, that's pretty fascinating.
343
00:19:29,300 --> 00:19:30,420
I love this sign.
344
00:19:30,420 --> 00:19:34,060
"If we are soup servers,
we are not dished yet."
345
00:19:34,060 --> 00:19:36,900
Not quite sure he's got that right,
but he's very proud of that.
346
00:19:36,900 --> 00:19:39,460
He's done that himself
and he's standing there
347
00:19:39,460 --> 00:19:41,500
with that very forbidding knife,
348
00:19:41,500 --> 00:19:43,100
it looks like he's parted his hair
349
00:19:43,100 --> 00:19:45,820
with that knife, by the way,
down the middle of his head.
350
00:19:47,100 --> 00:19:52,700
At this time, nine out of ten people
owned, in effect, nothing at all.
351
00:19:52,700 --> 00:19:55,780
These workers were demanding
only basic improvements,
352
00:19:55,780 --> 00:19:58,060
an extra penny on their
hourly wage,
353
00:19:58,060 --> 00:19:59,820
some kind of state pension,
354
00:19:59,820 --> 00:20:01,460
and as we are seeing here,
355
00:20:01,460 --> 00:20:04,300
a reduction on a
14-hour working day.
356
00:20:05,900 --> 00:20:09,100
These women would have been
taking a particular risk.
357
00:20:09,100 --> 00:20:12,180
It was entirely legal to
sack striking workers,
358
00:20:12,180 --> 00:20:14,420
all of them, on day one
of the strike.
359
00:20:14,420 --> 00:20:16,900
But they look as if they are
on their way to a victory.
360
00:20:16,900 --> 00:20:18,620
They're certainly very cheerful.
361
00:20:19,940 --> 00:20:21,380
The fact that they're laughing
362
00:20:21,380 --> 00:20:23,140
and smiling about it is amazing.
363
00:20:23,140 --> 00:20:24,380
It sort of shows, in a way,
364
00:20:24,380 --> 00:20:26,380
they're confidence in
what they're doing.
365
00:20:26,380 --> 00:20:28,300
You know, they believe
they're right.
366
00:20:28,300 --> 00:20:30,940
We're seeing that moment
of fight when you're driven
367
00:20:30,940 --> 00:20:32,740
by what you think is right.
368
00:20:32,740 --> 00:20:35,260
They are not looking sad.
They're not looking down.
369
00:20:35,260 --> 00:20:36,460
These people are laughing.
370
00:20:36,460 --> 00:20:38,660
They know what they're doing
and they're confident
371
00:20:38,660 --> 00:20:41,700
in what they're doing and they're
happy that they're doing it.
372
00:20:53,100 --> 00:20:56,260
Protest and confrontation
was now contagious.
373
00:20:57,380 --> 00:21:01,380
This footage of mass unionist
demonstrations in Belfast shows
374
00:21:01,380 --> 00:21:05,020
how arguments over home rule
threatened to spark civil war
375
00:21:05,020 --> 00:21:06,580
in the United Kingdom.
376
00:21:08,100 --> 00:21:11,460
This clip is absolutely fascinating.
377
00:21:11,460 --> 00:21:15,340
It's showing a huge affiliation
to the rest of Britain.
378
00:21:17,860 --> 00:21:19,580
It reminds me strongly of some
379
00:21:19,580 --> 00:21:21,380
of the Orange Order marches
380
00:21:21,380 --> 00:21:26,340
that we used to see every summer
when I was growing up in Liverpool.
381
00:21:26,340 --> 00:21:30,340
And we can see they've sent a
contingent, it would seem,
382
00:21:30,340 --> 00:21:33,140
to support these marches in Belfast.
383
00:21:34,340 --> 00:21:36,380
The fashions haven't
changed much either.
384
00:21:36,380 --> 00:21:38,740
They still wear
bowler hats for that.
385
00:21:41,540 --> 00:21:43,980
The idea of home rule
was something so unknown.
386
00:21:43,980 --> 00:21:46,700
It was a bit like, sort of,
political climates today.
387
00:21:46,700 --> 00:21:49,940
We don't know what's going to happen
when there'll be huge changes
388
00:21:49,940 --> 00:21:52,540
to our borders and to our country.
389
00:21:52,540 --> 00:21:55,060
And it was this potential that
it might have the potential
390
00:21:55,060 --> 00:21:58,020
for violence, the potential
to split families,
391
00:21:58,020 --> 00:22:02,180
the potential to cause damage
that would be irreversible.
392
00:22:04,380 --> 00:22:08,300
But more than Irish home rule,
or workers' strikes,
393
00:22:08,300 --> 00:22:12,820
it was a group of middle class women
and their demands for change
394
00:22:12,820 --> 00:22:17,180
that was to shake Edwardian
Britain to its very core.
395
00:22:17,180 --> 00:22:19,500
You see the moment of a sacrifice.
396
00:22:19,500 --> 00:22:23,420
You see the moment where
somebody puts their cause
397
00:22:23,420 --> 00:22:25,140
beyond their own safety.
398
00:22:42,780 --> 00:22:46,180
Across Edwardian Britain,
ordinary people were fighting
399
00:22:46,180 --> 00:22:48,260
for a better deal.
400
00:22:48,260 --> 00:22:51,940
And the suffragettes were
leading the charge for women,
401
00:22:51,940 --> 00:22:55,740
as large public marches like this
one in London in 1910
402
00:22:55,740 --> 00:22:57,580
became increasingly common.
403
00:23:00,300 --> 00:23:01,860
Oh, wow.
404
00:23:01,860 --> 00:23:04,020
"Fortune favours the brave."
405
00:23:04,020 --> 00:23:06,060
Women of all backgrounds with,
406
00:23:06,060 --> 00:23:07,820
again, their amazing hats,
407
00:23:07,820 --> 00:23:09,620
marching in military style,
408
00:23:09,620 --> 00:23:13,940
but yet this is a feminine march,
all the flowing robes.
409
00:23:13,940 --> 00:23:16,300
My great grandmother,
Emmeline Pankhurst,
410
00:23:16,300 --> 00:23:19,580
was the leader of the
suffragette movement.
411
00:23:19,580 --> 00:23:24,060
Her photo's used as the iconic
symbol of power and demand
412
00:23:24,060 --> 00:23:26,860
and uncompromising leadership.
413
00:23:26,860 --> 00:23:28,860
It's a role that she can play
and that she will play
414
00:23:28,860 --> 00:23:30,260
and she won't give up.
415
00:23:30,260 --> 00:23:32,380
She will campaign to the end.
416
00:23:34,340 --> 00:23:35,940
Oh, my goodness.
417
00:23:35,940 --> 00:23:38,100
So, this is incredible so watch
418
00:23:38,100 --> 00:23:39,420
this clip because the banner
419
00:23:39,420 --> 00:23:45,700
that is being marched forward now
was made to commemorate the founding
420
00:23:45,700 --> 00:23:50,220
of the WSPU, the Women's Social
and Political Union, in 1903.
421
00:23:50,220 --> 00:23:51,580
That's incredible.
422
00:23:51,580 --> 00:23:55,820
"Famed for deeds of
daring rectitude."
423
00:23:55,820 --> 00:23:57,460
Wow. "Champion of womanhood."
424
00:23:57,460 --> 00:23:59,260
I mean, that just makes me so proud.
425
00:23:59,260 --> 00:24:02,860
It was much broader than just votes
for women, it was about really
426
00:24:02,860 --> 00:24:05,100
changing attitudes towards women,
427
00:24:05,100 --> 00:24:08,100
and they were at the
forefront of that.
428
00:24:08,100 --> 00:24:11,540
The colourization process is
fabulous in that it just brings
429
00:24:11,540 --> 00:24:12,780
it to life.
430
00:24:12,780 --> 00:24:15,860
When you have the black and white,
the white is lost because it's
431
00:24:15,860 --> 00:24:17,020
just black or white.
432
00:24:17,020 --> 00:24:19,220
Here, when you've got the
different colours,
433
00:24:19,220 --> 00:24:21,700
the white actually emerges
as very powerful.
434
00:24:21,700 --> 00:24:24,140
That is one of the
symbolically important colours
435
00:24:24,140 --> 00:24:26,380
for the suffragettes.
436
00:24:26,380 --> 00:24:28,340
White for purity.
437
00:24:28,340 --> 00:24:34,020
If we go back in time, the reality
of life is one where women's options
438
00:24:34,020 --> 00:24:35,980
are totally constrained.
439
00:24:35,980 --> 00:24:38,860
If you had children, they are
the property of your husband
440
00:24:38,860 --> 00:24:42,020
and you're not a citizen, you're not
allowed to vote, you're not seem
441
00:24:42,020 --> 00:24:44,180
to have a say beyond the home.
442
00:24:45,820 --> 00:24:47,380
Before the Pankhursts,
443
00:24:47,380 --> 00:24:50,860
the fight for women's suffrage
was a relatively tame one.
444
00:24:50,860 --> 00:24:54,180
The National Union of Women's
Suffrage Societies persevered
445
00:24:54,180 --> 00:24:57,860
with peaceful and polite protests,
like this one.
446
00:24:57,860 --> 00:25:03,100
Pankhurst suffragettes took a
radically different approach.
447
00:25:03,100 --> 00:25:06,820
The women's suffrage movement
started well before 1903,
448
00:25:06,820 --> 00:25:11,060
and you had 50 years of campaigning
before then and, you know,
449
00:25:11,060 --> 00:25:13,380
thousands of petitions that
were not getting anywhere.
450
00:25:13,380 --> 00:25:18,340
And with the beginnings of the
suffragette movement, you have
451
00:25:18,340 --> 00:25:21,740
more voice, more noise,
more engagement.
452
00:25:21,740 --> 00:25:25,540
It becomes the issue that so
many people are talking about.
453
00:25:25,540 --> 00:25:27,740
The suffragettes very
famously adopted the phrase
454
00:25:27,740 --> 00:25:30,220
"deeds, not words",
and they lived by that.
455
00:25:30,220 --> 00:25:34,500
They adopted more and more violent
tactics as the years went on.
456
00:25:34,500 --> 00:25:38,180
Window smashing, letterbox bombing,
hunger strikes.
457
00:25:39,420 --> 00:25:42,180
The police clashed with the
suffragettes on a fairly regular
458
00:25:42,180 --> 00:25:45,260
basis and that image of
women fighting for the vote,
459
00:25:45,260 --> 00:25:48,140
against a state represented
by the police that was denying them
460
00:25:48,140 --> 00:25:52,340
that vote, is a really
powerful, powerful image.
461
00:25:52,340 --> 00:25:54,020
They felt they had to do this
462
00:25:54,020 --> 00:25:55,900
in order to push for that vote,
463
00:25:55,900 --> 00:25:59,540
which just had been denied them
by this time for more than 50 years.
464
00:25:59,540 --> 00:26:03,020
We're seeing them respond
to this idea that
465
00:26:03,020 --> 00:26:04,620
deeds will get attention.
466
00:26:04,620 --> 00:26:05,900
Even if it's bad press,
467
00:26:05,900 --> 00:26:07,900
it will get you press,
it will get you heard,
468
00:26:07,900 --> 00:26:11,660
it will get the messages of votes
to women in the newspapers.
469
00:26:12,780 --> 00:26:15,660
There's a lot of suffrage film,
and the suffragettes
470
00:26:15,660 --> 00:26:18,780
were very good at recording
what they were doing.
471
00:26:18,780 --> 00:26:22,180
They were making a conscious effort
to make their mark and also
472
00:26:22,180 --> 00:26:25,340
to create films that they could
then show in local settings.
473
00:26:25,340 --> 00:26:29,580
So they were extremely good at
marketing their message.
474
00:26:29,580 --> 00:26:32,860
The colours, the purple,
white and green.
475
00:26:32,860 --> 00:26:35,500
And we can see in the march,
they're carrying their
476
00:26:35,500 --> 00:26:37,540
prison arrows on poles.
477
00:26:37,540 --> 00:26:39,860
The prison arrow represented
that you were the property
478
00:26:39,860 --> 00:26:41,220
of the government.
479
00:26:41,220 --> 00:26:43,740
And it's amazing to see
that they reclaim that.
480
00:26:43,740 --> 00:26:46,700
So they take on marches to show
we are the property of a government,
481
00:26:46,700 --> 00:26:49,620
a government that won't give us
a voice, that won't give us a vote,
482
00:26:49,620 --> 00:26:51,980
that imprisons us and arrests us.
483
00:26:55,020 --> 00:26:56,340
Such bravery.
484
00:26:56,340 --> 00:27:00,380
I mean, the ways that these
women were force fed.
485
00:27:00,380 --> 00:27:03,100
You know, they went on hunger
strikes and they knew the
486
00:27:03,100 --> 00:27:05,660
terrible pain and
suffering that went on.
487
00:27:05,660 --> 00:27:08,420
And then they'd leave prison
and then do the same thing
488
00:27:08,420 --> 00:27:11,820
all over again and go on
hunger strike again.
489
00:27:11,820 --> 00:27:14,140
But you can understand it,
can't you? Just seems...
490
00:27:14,140 --> 00:27:16,700
I talk to my daughters now -
491
00:27:16,700 --> 00:27:20,780
How could so relatively recently
492
00:27:20,780 --> 00:27:24,780
anyone argue that women
shouldn't have a vote?
493
00:27:24,780 --> 00:27:28,220
One woman above all is
remembered today for her
494
00:27:28,220 --> 00:27:30,220
commitment to the cause.
495
00:27:30,220 --> 00:27:31,780
Emily Wilding Davison.
496
00:27:32,900 --> 00:27:36,620
Seen here in her academic robes,
she obtained a first class
497
00:27:36,620 --> 00:27:38,820
degree from Oxford,
498
00:27:38,820 --> 00:27:42,140
but was never permitted to
graduate because she was a woman.
499
00:27:44,340 --> 00:27:48,180
Emily was almost wildly
committed to the cause.
500
00:27:48,180 --> 00:27:51,140
She was one of the first
people to be force fed.
501
00:27:51,140 --> 00:27:54,420
We know she broke into Parliament
several times and I think
502
00:27:54,420 --> 00:27:57,260
at this stage, the fight for women's
suffrage, the fight for the vote,
503
00:27:57,260 --> 00:27:59,060
had almost reached its point.
504
00:28:00,540 --> 00:28:05,740
The 1913 Epsom Derby - the scene
of the most shocking five seconds
505
00:28:05,740 --> 00:28:08,340
of film footage
of the Edwardian era.
506
00:28:11,140 --> 00:28:14,420
So, this is an incredible
moment in British history.
507
00:28:14,420 --> 00:28:17,140
Big sporting occasion,
well-known event.
508
00:28:19,020 --> 00:28:21,980
You see people in their best
hats and their best outfits.
509
00:28:23,580 --> 00:28:26,700
People turned out in their thousands
to go and watch it, but of course,
510
00:28:26,700 --> 00:28:29,660
this one, we know,
ends rather differently.
511
00:28:29,660 --> 00:28:32,340
It's known from being
more than a horse race.
512
00:28:34,700 --> 00:28:36,460
This is on tape.
513
00:28:36,460 --> 00:28:39,860
This is us seeing that
moment 100 plus years later.
514
00:28:46,900 --> 00:28:52,180
You see the people physically
going back as they see the horses
515
00:28:52,180 --> 00:28:56,340
come past and that the speed
at which all of that is happening.
516
00:28:57,820 --> 00:29:01,140
And somewhere in that crowd,
we know there's Emily Davison.
517
00:29:03,340 --> 00:29:04,980
Huge crowds... Here she comes.
518
00:29:13,620 --> 00:29:14,620
Sorry.
519
00:29:20,220 --> 00:29:21,580
And there she is. Oh, my...
520
00:29:25,820 --> 00:29:29,860
It's shocking. It's still shocking
to see her suddenly run out.
521
00:29:29,860 --> 00:29:32,740
I genuinely... When I'm watching
this moment where she sort
522
00:29:32,740 --> 00:29:35,980
of steps out, I want to
cover my eyes.
523
00:29:35,980 --> 00:29:38,220
It's almost amazing that
she's still standing then,
524
00:29:38,220 --> 00:29:40,340
so many horses have gone past her.
525
00:29:49,860 --> 00:29:53,020
And it's...so...
526
00:29:53,020 --> 00:29:55,380
..fleeting, almost,
you could miss it.
527
00:29:59,140 --> 00:30:01,820
I mean, just the incredible
kind of bravery of that
528
00:30:01,820 --> 00:30:04,620
and that moment of contact
and impact, just...
529
00:30:04,620 --> 00:30:06,260
Just awful to watch.
530
00:30:07,340 --> 00:30:09,700
It's the act you see...
531
00:30:09,700 --> 00:30:12,020
You see the moment of a sacrifice.
532
00:30:12,020 --> 00:30:13,860
You see the moments where...
533
00:30:15,260 --> 00:30:19,420
..somebody puts their cause
beyond their own safety.
534
00:30:21,060 --> 00:30:24,580
Miraculously, Emily Davison
survived for four days.
535
00:30:25,820 --> 00:30:28,660
It's thought she was trying
to attach a scarf to the
536
00:30:28,660 --> 00:30:29,860
King's horse in protest.
537
00:30:32,100 --> 00:30:33,540
She knows it will make news.
538
00:30:33,540 --> 00:30:35,060
She knows it'll make headlines.
539
00:30:35,060 --> 00:30:37,260
She wants to make headlines
for the women's cause.
540
00:30:37,260 --> 00:30:40,380
I don't think she wants
or expects to die.
541
00:30:41,940 --> 00:30:45,860
So people call her a martyr
and say she is a martyr,
542
00:30:45,860 --> 00:30:47,980
not necessarily an intentional one.
543
00:30:50,660 --> 00:30:53,140
This moment is synonymous
with the word "suffragette".
544
00:30:53,140 --> 00:30:55,900
You can't talk about them without
talking about the suffragette
545
00:30:55,900 --> 00:30:58,620
who threw herself in front
of the King's horse.
546
00:30:58,620 --> 00:31:01,300
What makes me so angry as
well is that for a long time,
547
00:31:01,300 --> 00:31:04,100
and in all the newspapers, people
were more concerned about the horse
548
00:31:04,100 --> 00:31:05,780
than they were about the woman.
549
00:31:05,780 --> 00:31:08,180
And I just think that
is a testament to how
550
00:31:08,180 --> 00:31:09,900
women were treated at the time,
551
00:31:09,900 --> 00:31:12,260
how women's rights were
considered at the time.
552
00:31:13,780 --> 00:31:17,660
It's just such a kind of metaphor
for, you know, here's one woman
553
00:31:17,660 --> 00:31:21,140
just trying to stand against
this tide and, in a sense,
554
00:31:21,140 --> 00:31:23,420
it's representative of that
tide of opposition to
555
00:31:23,420 --> 00:31:28,500
suffrage and someone who's
standing there just saying,
you know, "Enough."
556
00:31:34,940 --> 00:31:39,180
At Emily Davidson's funeral,
5,000 suffragettes marched
557
00:31:39,180 --> 00:31:44,060
behind her coffin, determined
to make her a martyr for the cause.
558
00:31:44,060 --> 00:31:48,300
And a further 50,000 supporters
lined the streets of London.
559
00:31:53,220 --> 00:31:58,580
There's no doubt about the
emotions on people's faces.
560
00:31:58,580 --> 00:32:01,260
"I've fought the good fight."
561
00:32:01,260 --> 00:32:03,860
The women saluting,
their black bands.
562
00:32:07,380 --> 00:32:09,780
There's girls watching at the top.
563
00:32:11,660 --> 00:32:15,860
There's a huge crowd attending
this funeral of the martyr
564
00:32:15,860 --> 00:32:18,060
for the suffrage cause.
565
00:32:18,060 --> 00:32:22,620
So, the organization WSPU,
but ordinary people too
566
00:32:22,620 --> 00:32:25,900
were determined that
she would not die in vain.
567
00:32:25,900 --> 00:32:27,460
It really is a moment...
568
00:32:29,180 --> 00:32:31,100
..created by women for women.
569
00:32:33,100 --> 00:32:37,500
The suffragettes were incredibly
good at the planning of events
570
00:32:37,500 --> 00:32:41,220
and the visual side of things,
so they were given very specific
571
00:32:41,220 --> 00:32:44,780
instructions about what to
wear and what flowers to bring
572
00:32:44,780 --> 00:32:46,780
and how to present themselves.
573
00:32:46,780 --> 00:32:50,420
Knowing that the visual image
of all of this was part
574
00:32:50,420 --> 00:32:51,700
of the propaganda.
575
00:32:53,140 --> 00:32:56,780
You know, it's like a state funeral,
it's sending off one of their own.
576
00:32:56,780 --> 00:32:59,940
And I think it shows the element
of how they saw themselves
577
00:32:59,940 --> 00:33:03,740
as an army, how they saw themselves
as soldiers because it quite
578
00:33:03,740 --> 00:33:07,300
has that very militant aspect to it.
579
00:33:07,300 --> 00:33:10,620
It must have been really hard
for these women who were, you know,
580
00:33:10,620 --> 00:33:15,020
burying a friend, burying a comrade,
to have to put on a show and to use
581
00:33:15,020 --> 00:33:18,980
it actually as another moment
to push forward the cause.
582
00:33:21,220 --> 00:33:23,940
You see in the first few days,
the media is very critical
583
00:33:23,940 --> 00:33:25,820
of Emily Wilding Davison's act.
584
00:33:25,820 --> 00:33:29,380
That changes quite quickly
by the end of the week.
585
00:33:29,380 --> 00:33:33,620
There's a lot more sympathy
and understanding and...
586
00:33:33,620 --> 00:33:36,700
..appreciation, I think,
for her and for the cause.
587
00:33:39,220 --> 00:33:41,620
I think women in those times,
involved in this struggle,
588
00:33:41,620 --> 00:33:44,220
were incredibly brave and,
you know...
589
00:33:46,380 --> 00:33:48,620
We owe them a great, great debt.
590
00:33:49,740 --> 00:33:51,180
This was not just about the vote.
591
00:33:51,180 --> 00:33:52,780
It was never just about the vote.
592
00:33:52,780 --> 00:33:55,740
It wasn't about a legal or
structural or policy change.
593
00:33:55,740 --> 00:33:57,460
It was about changing social norms.
594
00:33:57,460 --> 00:34:00,620
It was about changing society's
views about what women could dream
595
00:34:00,620 --> 00:34:01,820
to be and do.
596
00:34:01,820 --> 00:34:04,460
And it was about individual women
doing more with their lives,
597
00:34:04,460 --> 00:34:07,140
doing different things with their
lives, counting themselves in
598
00:34:07,140 --> 00:34:08,700
a way that society
didn't count them.
599
00:34:08,700 --> 00:34:10,900
So from that perspective,
well beyond the vote,
600
00:34:10,900 --> 00:34:14,380
it's those things that people
admire and appreciate them for.
601
00:34:14,380 --> 00:34:16,420
In their fight for equality,
602
00:34:16,420 --> 00:34:21,540
these Edwardian women knew their
enemy, but British men would now
603
00:34:21,540 --> 00:34:23,260
face a new threat.
604
00:34:23,260 --> 00:34:27,500
And it was on a scale that
few could have ever imagined.
605
00:34:27,500 --> 00:34:30,460
They were told we have more men,
more arms than the Germans.
606
00:34:30,460 --> 00:34:32,620
this is just a matter of
finishing them off,
607
00:34:32,620 --> 00:34:34,780
And you'll all be back by Christmas.
608
00:34:34,780 --> 00:34:36,660
And we all know what happened next.
609
00:34:53,440 --> 00:34:57,680
In July 1914, people enjoyed
a long hot summer,
610
00:34:57,680 --> 00:35:02,040
largely unaware that war was
looming over Edwardian Britain.
611
00:35:05,440 --> 00:35:09,440
This is incredibly poignant footage
because it's taken just a few weeks
612
00:35:09,440 --> 00:35:12,720
before the outbreak
of the First World War.
613
00:35:12,720 --> 00:35:15,880
And that war is going
to change everything.
614
00:35:15,880 --> 00:35:18,520
And it's going to bring
the Edwardian era to a close
615
00:35:18,520 --> 00:35:21,480
and social life is not quite
the same again after it.
616
00:35:26,280 --> 00:35:29,920
It is sad to see all these boys,
actually many of them look
617
00:35:29,920 --> 00:35:34,160
about the right age to
had been even conscripted
618
00:35:34,160 --> 00:35:36,680
near the end of the First
World War, or volunteered.
619
00:35:38,080 --> 00:35:41,400
When you see them crawling along
doing that stuff there, you can...
620
00:35:43,240 --> 00:35:45,760
Almost like they're crawling
under barbed wire or
621
00:35:45,760 --> 00:35:47,480
going through hoops.
622
00:35:47,480 --> 00:35:50,040
The kind of stuff they would
do in their army training
623
00:35:50,040 --> 00:35:54,000
and then, eventually,
out on the battlefield.
624
00:35:54,000 --> 00:35:55,760
And to see them at play -
625
00:35:55,760 --> 00:35:57,480
Sun shining, grass green...
626
00:35:58,880 --> 00:36:00,320
Whole lives in front of them.
627
00:36:05,000 --> 00:36:07,800
Just looking at this crowd of
people, I know things were sort of
628
00:36:07,800 --> 00:36:10,960
building up, tensions were rising,
but that didn't impact...
629
00:36:10,960 --> 00:36:13,880
Life didn't stop and it's just
amazing to think that, yeah,
630
00:36:13,880 --> 00:36:16,080
within two weeks,
631
00:36:16,080 --> 00:36:18,440
a lot of these men
would've been gone,
632
00:36:18,440 --> 00:36:21,440
or would've been quite
excited to sign up.
633
00:36:21,440 --> 00:36:23,960
On August fourth, 1914,
634
00:36:23,960 --> 00:36:26,640
Britain declared war with Germany.
635
00:36:26,640 --> 00:36:29,920
3,000 men a day signed up to fight.
636
00:36:29,920 --> 00:36:32,200
Whole towns enlisted together,
637
00:36:32,200 --> 00:36:34,080
like these volunteers
from Morecambe.
638
00:36:36,520 --> 00:36:40,920
This film is particularly poignant
for me because this is my hometown,
639
00:36:40,920 --> 00:36:42,720
and that's the
Morecambe Winter Gardens.
640
00:36:42,720 --> 00:36:44,800
It's all within that same area.
641
00:36:44,800 --> 00:36:46,960
You could actually go to
that area today.
642
00:36:46,960 --> 00:36:48,480
It's still exactly the same.
643
00:36:48,480 --> 00:36:51,520
All those buildings are still there.
644
00:36:51,520 --> 00:36:53,800
The regiment is going
from Lancaster.
645
00:36:53,800 --> 00:36:57,720
One of the greatest fatalities
was the Lancashire regiments.
646
00:36:57,720 --> 00:37:00,520
My own great grandfather was
in these regiments and went
647
00:37:00,520 --> 00:37:04,520
off to war and came back
severely disabled and could
648
00:37:04,520 --> 00:37:06,760
have been one of these.
649
00:37:06,760 --> 00:37:10,200
This is an emotional film for me and
I would look at it as historical.
650
00:37:10,200 --> 00:37:13,240
I look at it as my own friends
and family were going off to war.
651
00:37:20,200 --> 00:37:22,000
So, these are the professionals,
652
00:37:22,000 --> 00:37:26,240
but, of course, supplemented by
"Your country needs you" volunteers.
653
00:37:26,240 --> 00:37:28,560
"This won't take long, chaps."
654
00:37:28,560 --> 00:37:29,920
Regular soldiers maybe,
655
00:37:29,920 --> 00:37:32,520
then they would have been
bemused by trench warfare.
656
00:37:36,840 --> 00:37:38,840
Oh.
657
00:37:38,840 --> 00:37:41,840
You'd have to have a heart of
stones to watch any footage of men
658
00:37:41,840 --> 00:37:46,520
marching for World War I and
not feel the tragedy of it.
659
00:37:46,520 --> 00:37:47,720
They're so young.
660
00:37:48,880 --> 00:37:51,840
These are men who, if they were
too young, were kind of sent out
661
00:37:51,840 --> 00:37:55,400
to have a birthday and
come back in again.
662
00:37:55,400 --> 00:37:57,960
You can tell it's very
early on in the war.
663
00:37:57,960 --> 00:38:01,720
You can tell because this is mass
optimism, that they think the war
664
00:38:01,720 --> 00:38:03,760
is only going to be
like five months or
665
00:38:03,760 --> 00:38:06,520
"I'm going to be home for Christmas"
is one of those tragic postcards
666
00:38:06,520 --> 00:38:08,480
you often read about.
667
00:38:08,480 --> 00:38:11,360
Everything about this
is very poignant.
668
00:38:13,040 --> 00:38:16,080
And these young boys like waving
their flags, they're showing
669
00:38:16,080 --> 00:38:19,120
their patriotism, they're carrying
one of the soldier's kit bags.
670
00:38:19,120 --> 00:38:22,880
They want to join in, they want
to kind of be like the older boys,
671
00:38:22,880 --> 00:38:26,720
the older men who are marching and
you think, in a way, these younger
672
00:38:26,720 --> 00:38:30,560
boys are probably the lucky
ones because they escaped that.
673
00:38:30,560 --> 00:38:33,440
They escaped what would have
been an almost certain death.
674
00:38:35,280 --> 00:38:39,520
These soldiers form part of the
King's own Royal Regiment.
675
00:38:39,520 --> 00:38:43,840
They would fight in the
Battle of the Somme in 1916.
676
00:38:43,840 --> 00:38:48,080
One in six of the regiment
would die on the front line.
677
00:38:48,080 --> 00:38:51,400
Corporal George Parsonage
was one of the lucky survivors.
678
00:38:54,320 --> 00:38:57,720
That's my grandfather,
George Parsonage in the middle,
679
00:38:57,720 --> 00:39:00,840
and his best friend, Harold Hodson.
680
00:39:00,840 --> 00:39:03,200
He looks quite cheery,
681
00:39:03,200 --> 00:39:08,400
he's smiling there, so obviously
he's having a good day.
682
00:39:08,400 --> 00:39:11,800
By this time, he's become a corporal
and this is his dog,
683
00:39:11,800 --> 00:39:15,440
which he brought home with him
after the war, called Shrapnel.
684
00:39:18,720 --> 00:39:22,280
This is the battalion going
down to the railway station.
685
00:39:22,280 --> 00:39:24,560
If we look at what
they're carrying here,
686
00:39:24,560 --> 00:39:29,480
they've all got their Lee Enfield
rifles and the bandoliers
687
00:39:29,480 --> 00:39:34,880
around their neck containing
their ammunition, their pouches
688
00:39:34,880 --> 00:39:39,920
with the first essentials -
shaving kit, eating kit,
689
00:39:39,920 --> 00:39:42,880
that they wouldn't have
at the front line.
690
00:39:44,800 --> 00:39:46,760
I would imagine that
they were thinking
691
00:39:46,760 --> 00:39:48,560
about what they were leaving behind,
692
00:39:48,560 --> 00:39:50,920
whether they would see
their homes again,
693
00:39:50,920 --> 00:39:52,440
what's ahead of them,
694
00:39:52,440 --> 00:39:54,680
what's it going to be like.
695
00:39:54,680 --> 00:39:57,960
This is a picture of a Staff
Sergeant having his photograph
696
00:39:57,960 --> 00:39:59,200
taken with his daughter,
697
00:39:59,200 --> 00:40:03,680
having just moved his son out
of the way so that he could
698
00:40:03,680 --> 00:40:08,040
possibly have his last photograph
before he departs for war.
699
00:40:10,360 --> 00:40:13,080
It's actually a quite
moving picture, isn't it?
700
00:40:13,080 --> 00:40:15,840
Cos that's how dads are like
with their daughters.
701
00:40:15,840 --> 00:40:20,680
And there is an amount of bravado
where when we need to be brave,
702
00:40:20,680 --> 00:40:24,360
we need to show we're not
squeamish or soft.
703
00:40:24,360 --> 00:40:28,760
But then he comes with
another side that's quite
704
00:40:28,760 --> 00:40:30,520
thoughtful and caring.
705
00:40:31,560 --> 00:40:33,960
And this is one of those moments.
706
00:40:38,000 --> 00:40:41,640
The pride the men felt going to
fight was matched by the people
707
00:40:41,640 --> 00:40:43,040
left behind.
708
00:40:43,040 --> 00:40:46,400
From small acts of kindness,
like collecting blankets
709
00:40:46,400 --> 00:40:50,440
for the troops, to the manufacturing
of artificial limbs,
710
00:40:50,440 --> 00:40:53,520
all of Britain was
united in the war effort.
711
00:40:54,800 --> 00:40:58,320
The Edwardians were brilliant
at identifying a need
712
00:40:58,320 --> 00:41:00,520
and acting quickly
to meet that need.
713
00:41:00,520 --> 00:41:04,760
Whether it's providing a cup of tea
at a train station for a soldier
714
00:41:04,760 --> 00:41:07,480
passing through on a train,
or whether it's a blanket
715
00:41:07,480 --> 00:41:12,000
that could be sent out to a guy
stationed at a barracks somewhere.
716
00:41:12,000 --> 00:41:15,200
You see what mobilisation
means on the ground.
717
00:41:15,200 --> 00:41:20,880
Unprecedented in British history,
in European history.
718
00:41:20,880 --> 00:41:25,600
Every industry, every worker,
everyone who can do something is
719
00:41:25,600 --> 00:41:28,760
putting themselves into
the war effort.
720
00:41:28,760 --> 00:41:32,000
This is what this film encapsulates
really, with that sort of community
721
00:41:32,000 --> 00:41:36,040
spirit that bound people together,
and it got Britain through that war.
722
00:41:36,040 --> 00:41:37,040
It really did.
723
00:41:38,480 --> 00:41:42,200
In total, six million
British men went to war.
724
00:41:42,200 --> 00:41:46,600
Over 700,000 were killed
and millions more were injured.
725
00:41:48,320 --> 00:41:51,480
My dad's father was a
stretcher bearer,
726
00:41:51,480 --> 00:41:55,480
then went off, probably, in a
train at the age of 17.
727
00:41:55,480 --> 00:41:58,840
Makes you think about it
quite differently.
728
00:41:58,840 --> 00:42:01,880
But you can see there it's not
just because the camera's there.
729
00:42:01,880 --> 00:42:04,200
This is an exciting adventure.
730
00:42:04,200 --> 00:42:06,840
They're going off to do something
different, and for many of them
731
00:42:06,840 --> 00:42:09,440
that have been working those
11-hour shifts in factories and not
732
00:42:09,440 --> 00:42:11,240
very good conditions,
733
00:42:11,240 --> 00:42:13,120
suddenly, they're going abroad.
734
00:42:15,720 --> 00:42:18,080
So, you can imagine how
excited they were.
735
00:42:18,080 --> 00:42:19,960
Very few would have
been trepidatious.
736
00:42:19,960 --> 00:42:22,480
They were told we have more men,
more arms, than the Germans.
737
00:42:22,480 --> 00:42:25,160
This is just a matter of finishing
them off and you'll be back
738
00:42:25,160 --> 00:42:27,000
by Christmas.
739
00:42:27,000 --> 00:42:29,480
And we all know
what happened next.
740
00:42:29,480 --> 00:42:30,480
Huge carnage.
741
00:42:31,600 --> 00:42:34,560
Just to gain 25 yards on
the western front.
742
00:42:36,160 --> 00:42:39,240
There was a huge enthusiasm
for the war in the early days,
743
00:42:39,240 --> 00:42:42,760
and in fighting for King and country
and fighting for a just cause.
744
00:42:44,560 --> 00:42:47,640
So people walk off with pride.
745
00:42:47,640 --> 00:42:51,800
And with a certain sense
of being invincible, I think.
746
00:42:55,160 --> 00:42:57,600
These films, like nothing else,
747
00:42:57,600 --> 00:43:01,120
reveal how are Edwardian
ancestors lived,
748
00:43:01,120 --> 00:43:04,720
what they stood for,
what they fought for,
749
00:43:04,720 --> 00:43:09,120
and what in the end,
they were prepared to die for.
750
00:43:09,120 --> 00:43:13,080
History tends to be about the
rich, the famous, the powerful,
751
00:43:13,080 --> 00:43:16,280
the influential and most of the
people that we've been looking
752
00:43:16,280 --> 00:43:19,680
at for this film are
not powerful people.
753
00:43:19,680 --> 00:43:22,240
They're ordinary people
and they often get left
754
00:43:22,240 --> 00:43:24,560
out of the narrative of history.
755
00:43:24,560 --> 00:43:27,360
But this footage is about them.
756
00:43:27,360 --> 00:43:29,000
Better conditions for workers,
757
00:43:29,000 --> 00:43:31,560
people's right to vote,
people's right to travel,
758
00:43:31,560 --> 00:43:33,440
people's right to
earn a living wage,
759
00:43:33,440 --> 00:43:36,560
all of those things that we
still fight for today,
760
00:43:36,560 --> 00:43:39,600
the Edwardians fought
for and achieved for us.
761
00:43:39,600 --> 00:43:42,960
So we shouldn't look at them as a
lost generation, we should look at
762
00:43:42,960 --> 00:43:46,240
ourselves as their proud descendants
763
00:43:46,240 --> 00:43:48,640
because they gave
us modern society.
764
00:43:50,160 --> 00:43:54,640
It's a world that's shown
in all its sensory vividness.
765
00:43:54,640 --> 00:43:58,720
And you get a better sense
of, I think, the beating heart
766
00:43:58,720 --> 00:44:01,640
of that of the Edwardian period
by seeing it in colour.
767
00:44:06,560 --> 00:44:10,320
Subtitles by Red Bee Media
65417
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