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Perceptions of the Amazon
are mostly mythical.
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00:00:41,378 --> 00:00:46,847
But in Amazonia,reality
is more amazing than mythology
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Amazon
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South America has the biggest river
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Largest forest, the longest mountain range
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And the greatest variety of life forms
of all the continents on Earth
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Rivers from five nations
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Pour into the vast flood land
of equatorial Brazil
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To form the greatest moving
mass of fresh water in the world
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The Amazon river flows
toward the rising sun
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00:01:49,183 --> 00:01:55,399
And with it 1/5 of the
continental water on the planet
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00:02:21,850 --> 00:02:27,608
Among the distant sources of the Amazon
is the timeless land of the Incas
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00:02:27,649 --> 00:02:32,743
Men of the Kallawaya tribe
were medicine-men to the royal family
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00:02:32,865 --> 00:02:39,080
In by gone days of an empire
larger than that of Rome
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Even now Kallawaya men journey throughout
the Andes healing people with magic and medicinal plants.
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00:03:04,656 --> 00:03:10,455
Julio Mamani will follow the tradition of its people
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It saddens me there was no plant,or magic
that could save my mother when she got sick
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Whisper in pukina,the secret language
of the Incas
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00:03:23,931 --> 00:03:28,868
Mysteries of the healing arts are past
generation to generation
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I've made a vow to go to the tropical forest
below our mountain home
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And return with plants that will
increase our power
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00:03:44,374 --> 00:03:47,769
To cure illness and prolong life
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00:04:04,316 --> 00:04:07,529
Akomani the god mountain of our people
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Watches over the kayawaya
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00:04:09,948 --> 00:04:14,465
And has done so since our
earliest beginnings
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It is said that water trickling from the glaciers
of Akomani will be a great river
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Sipping the melt of ancient ice
brings rejuvenation
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When I reach the tropical forest perhaps
I can trade the glacier water for an unknown elixir
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That will prolong life.
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Incas once moved the highlands where source
rivers of the Amazon
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gouged-out some of the deepest canyons
on Earth
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00:06:13,790 --> 00:06:16,907
Machu Pichu,the lost city of the incas
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lies on the 200 miles as the condor flies
from Mamani's home land
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00:06:46,945 --> 00:06:51,829
Below the citadel the Urubamba river cuts its canyon ever deeper
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on its rush to join the
Amazon
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00:07:45,277 --> 00:07:49,775
In a few short miles from mountain peaks
to tropical forests
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The traveler passes through as many ecological
zones as on a trip from the north pole to equator.
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Below the mountains the trees become
an endless sea of green
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Dr. Mark Plotkin is also a medicine-man
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Like Mamani he's in search of plants
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That will heal humanity ills
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He is an ethno-botanist
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His hope : to find cures to diseases which
western medicine has not conquered
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There's a remarkable connection between
the plants and the people of the forests
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Virtually every useful medicinal or agricultural
plant has come to us from the rainforests
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Where's first learn from indigenal people
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Dr. Plotkin is driven by a dread that some
species may disappear
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before their life saving attributes are discovered
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00:09:43,356 --> 00:09:46,009
In our search for new treatments for the
diseases that plague us
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The Amazon represents one of the most
promising places to look.
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00:10:07,880 --> 00:10:10,466
At the LaCueva de las Sechusas
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I can reach the edge of the legendary forest
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00:10:20,137 --> 00:10:24,574
It seems to me a mystical gateway
to the forest beyond
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00:10:33,946 --> 00:10:37,887
Mamani has reached the flatland of Amazonia
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00:10:39,328 --> 00:10:45,545
A region almost large enough to cover
the face of the moon
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00:10:51,678 --> 00:10:56,756
The Amazon basin is home to the planet
greatest celebration of diversity.
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00:11:16,460 --> 00:11:18,754
For millions of years
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Environmental conditions have been favorable
to a profusion of life
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The canopy is largely unexplored
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00:12:03,037 --> 00:12:08,981
Its upper tip where most of the life goes on
has barely been visited
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It averages 50 feet
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And amounts to 20.000 cubic miles of
wood,water,air and green leafs
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00:12:28,420 --> 00:12:31,082
Antonio is a shaman of the kokana people
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He,s my friend and my teacher
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He's knowledge of the healing properties
of the Amazon forest is extraordinary
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No one knows how many species of living things
exist in 2 million square miles of forest canopy
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00:12:55,939 --> 00:13:02,553
The Amazon houses a gigantic ecological machine
of global importance.
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00:13:03,132 --> 00:13:07,723
Is a world's resource at risk
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00:13:09,565 --> 00:13:12,472
The biodiversity of the Amazon is unique.
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The only place of its kind in the world
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In the light and worm and water
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Are millions of different species
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And many more perhaps unknown
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The Sloth called perezoso or lazy-one in Spanish
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Swims as well as most quadrupeds
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A jaguar often jumps in to cross
a water way
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00:15:01,418 --> 00:15:07,796
At 500 pounds the tapir is the largest land
animal native to South America.
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00:15:18,224 --> 00:15:22,400
In mid-year, Amazon rises to maximum flood
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00:15:22,413 --> 00:15:28,828
As much as 45 feet above its November minimum
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00:15:29,980 --> 00:15:35,533
With the deluge,aquatic life invades
the once dry forest floor
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00:15:40,552 --> 00:15:44,683
The Pirarucu is one of the main food fish
of the Amazon
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It can exceed 6 feet in length and
200 pounds in weight
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00:15:54,946 --> 00:16:01,793
The Pipato is almost invisible
until it eats
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Electric eels guile death with 500 volts shock
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00:16:21,472 --> 00:16:25,789
The Piranha has the sharpest teeth of all
the predatory fish
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00:16:46,638 --> 00:16:52,975
Of all the creatures of the Amazon,the pink
dolphin is the most celebrated
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The thousands of miles of waterways remain
the primary means of travel in the Amazon
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The people of the river are known as Kabokos
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Part Indian, part Portuguese
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00:18:41,028 --> 00:18:43,956
Sometimes the blood of Africans
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00:18:43,999 --> 00:18:48,726
Many are as skillful as the Kallawaya
with herbal remedies
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We have much to learn from one another
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00:19:36,108 --> 00:19:40,699
In our village, we used Kebowei to stop bleeding
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00:19:41,340 --> 00:19:46,557
Here I have been shown how to dress a wound
with leafs that will coagulate blood
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00:19:49,701 --> 00:19:55,717
Most remedies and medicinal cures used by the
kobokos come from the Indians
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00:20:15,059 --> 00:20:20,745
We know that fungus provided the world with
Penicillin and other antibiotics
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00:20:21,207 --> 00:20:27,424
But the potential of tropical phungae
remains largely unknown
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00:20:37,704 --> 00:20:42,598
For millions of years the Amazon was
unhabitated by humans
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00:20:42,619 --> 00:20:45,482
The Indians arrived during the last ice age
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00:20:45,523 --> 00:20:49,497
Which ended thousands of years ago
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00:20:51,039 --> 00:20:54,785
After the Europeans arrived 500 years ago
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00:20:54,826 --> 00:20:57,714
In quest of land,slaves and gold
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Indiginous people fled deeper into
the wilderness
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More than 400 tribes have been identified
in the Amazon basin
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Others may remain undiscovered
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00:21:26,677 --> 00:21:37,588
With no sense of time beyond tomorrow,they live
in hidding,cradeled in a everlasting present
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00:21:43,874 --> 00:21:51,627
As late as 1943 the upper ridges of the Xingu
river were largely unexplored
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00:21:52,325 --> 00:21:55,873
Orlando Villas B�as and his brothers left
Sao Polo with an expedition called
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00:21:55,914 --> 00:21:59,445
Xingu River adventure
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00:22:00,186 --> 00:22:04,008
Some things only happen once
in the history of the world
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It was a moment in time that
cannot be repeated.
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00:22:07,638 --> 00:22:11,100
After three years and 3000 km
of a path cut with machetes
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00:22:11,142 --> 00:22:17,780
We encountered for the first time
the Indian population of the upper Xingu
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00:22:20,112 --> 00:22:28,370
Very little was known about them and they
know only enough of the outside world to stay hidden as in centuries past
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00:22:39,471 --> 00:22:47,416
The Villas boys won acclaim for their success
in postponing the bulldozing march of civilization into the Xingu
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00:22:48,441 --> 00:22:54,937
In time the Villas boys were overcome by
roadbuilders,malaria and old age
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But their dream for survival of the Indians
lives on
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00:23:31,179 --> 00:23:36,779
Sydney Possuelo carries on the legendary work
of the brothers Villas Boas
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Sydney's task is to seek out isolated tribes
and promote legislation to keep Indian lands
off-limits to all outsiders
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00:24:23,372 --> 00:24:27,620
North of the Amazon mainstream
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Lives a tribe of Indians known as Zo�
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I believe the Indians should only be contacted
when is necessary to protect them
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00:24:37,265 --> 00:24:38,209
It's a dilemma
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Do we artificially isolate them ?
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Or share the technology of our modern world ?
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Sydney was among the first to make
contact with the Zo�
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Only recently has their presence become known
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00:26:02,275 --> 00:26:04,570
I am pleased to find no mosquitos,no malaria
and no sickness
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00:26:04,611 --> 00:26:11,827
Except a woman who had a toothache that her
granddaughter treated with medicinal plants
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There is rumor that the Zo� encountered
a people living up to the north
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A tribal that is unknown to us
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Some of the men agree to show me where
the strangers had been seen
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00:26:40,817 --> 00:26:46,188
When first encountered by jaguar hunters,
the Zo� were called Poturu
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00:26:46,291 --> 00:26:50,708
For the ornamental jaw poturu wood
that Zo� wear day and night
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00:26:53,584 --> 00:26:55,453
We don't know who the others might be
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00:26:55,494 --> 00:26:57,489
But if they really exist
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00:26:57,530 --> 00:26:59,266
But if they are there
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00:26:59,307 --> 00:27:04,560
The gold seekers making their way up the Cuminapanema river are on a collision course
139
00:27:06,108 --> 00:27:09,530
The Zo� do not venture into
the forbidden north
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00:27:09,571 --> 00:27:12,534
Where they say a tribe of giants lives
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00:27:12,576 --> 00:27:17,993
And the hills of Cuminapanema touch
with stars
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00:27:24,549 --> 00:27:27,661
If there are uncontacted people
in the northern highlands
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00:27:27,704 --> 00:27:29,807
I would prefer to leave them alone
144
00:27:30,149 --> 00:27:35,566
But it's critical that those who care about them
be the first to reach them
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00:27:59,461 --> 00:28:03,777
Mamani research has brought him
to the territory of the Yagua Indians
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00:28:11,101 --> 00:28:15,448
The Yaguas have had contact with outsiders
for several hundred years
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00:28:15,490 --> 00:28:19,701
They are a large tribe,known for herbal remedies
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00:30:07,969 --> 00:30:12,686
It is an exotic potion made from plants
and called curare
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00:30:15,804 --> 00:30:23,940
Curare is a secret mixture made of flowers and
leafs in different ways by many tribes throughout the Amazon
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00:30:25,284 --> 00:30:31,563
Dr.MarkPlotkin has been fascinated by the
mysteries of curare poison for many years
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00:30:31,628 --> 00:30:34,422
Each tribe has its own recipes for curare
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00:30:36,064 --> 00:30:38,668
I believe that some of them will lead us
to new and effective medicine
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00:30:38,809 --> 00:30:44,654
In the hands of western physicians curare has
already become an life giving medication
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00:30:44,675 --> 00:30:46,886
One type is used as a
muscle relaxant
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00:30:46,928 --> 00:30:48,601
Another as heart medicine
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00:30:52,143 --> 00:30:59,688
What Western scientists once dismissed as magic
we are now finding to have a real therapeutic effect
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00:31:02,114 --> 00:31:07,251
Plotkin and other ethno botanists hope to press
and document as many plants as possible
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00:31:08,180 --> 00:31:10,500
Before the knowledge of the shamans is lost
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00:31:21,456 --> 00:31:26,726
Learning the jealously guarded secrets of
indigenous shamans requires genuine friendship
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00:31:27,331 --> 00:31:28,622
And mutual trust
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00:32:14,299 --> 00:32:20,371
Trading my medicines,music and magic for things
I have needed has allowed me to move freely
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00:32:24,645 --> 00:32:29,656
With distances so great exchange of a cure for
a very fast ride
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00:32:29,727 --> 00:32:31,744
Is a very good trade indeed
164
00:32:40,817 --> 00:32:46,558
Herbal markets exist in cities and towns
all-along Amazon and its tributaries
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00:32:46,600 --> 00:32:54,514
Plants with true curative power hung side by side
with untested elixirs and curious potions
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00:32:55,586 --> 00:33:01,703
Julio Mamani and Dr.Plotkin are medicine-men
from vastly different worlds
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00:33:01,744 --> 00:33:04,848
But they share a common quest
168
00:33:05,191 --> 00:33:09,213
Each has come in search of healing secrets
of the Amazon
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00:33:09,254 --> 00:33:13,471
Each seeks to improve the health of the
human kind
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00:33:21,220 --> 00:33:26,524
And for an instant time stand still
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00:33:29,848 --> 00:33:32,663
And two distant worlds are one
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Is time to return
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00:33:40,394 --> 00:33:45,298
I've traded the melted ice of the god mountain
for the medicine of the great forest
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I have traded my flute for long ride home
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00:33:50,922 --> 00:33:54,803
I will miss the beauty of the Amazon
and its many creatures
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What wonderful things I have seen
to tell my people
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00:35:54,185 --> 00:35:55,887
I shall return one day
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00:35:55,928 --> 00:35:56,939
And if not I
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Maybe my son will come
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00:35:58,982 --> 00:36:00,584
There is so much to learn
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00:36:00,626 --> 00:36:02,673
And yet so little time
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00:36:04,215 --> 00:36:09,685
Neither the shaman or the scientist discovered
a magic elixir to end all suffering
183
00:36:10,081 --> 00:36:12,600
But each has gained new knowledge
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00:36:12,641 --> 00:36:17,662
And discovered cures that will
improve the health of human kind
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00:36:17,882 --> 00:36:20,789
The Amazon quest has only begun.
17372
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