Original subtitles

ARIZONA.

IT’S ONE OF AMERICA’S MOST COLORFUL STATES,

WITH STUNNING RED PEAKS, \h\h\h\h\hGOLDEN HILLS,

AND PSYCHEDELIC SUNSETS.

\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIT’S SEEN SOME PRETTY COLORFUL PEOPLE, TOO.

FROM SPANISH CONQUISTADORS \h\h\h\h\h\h\hON THE HUNT

FOR LOST CITIES OF GOLD,

TO A COURAGEOUS MINER \h\h\h\hWHO GAVE BIRTH

TO ONE OF THE WILDEST TOWNS \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN THE WEST.

HERE IN ARIZONA, BRAVE LAWMEN

ONCE BATTLED LEGENDARY OUTLAWS \h\h\h\h\h\hIN THE STREETS...

AND NOT-SO-DARING SCIENTISTS

TRIED TO HELP US REACH \hTHE FINAL FRONTIER.

\h\h\h\h\hIN THE SKIES OVER THIS SOUTHWEST BORDER STATE,

VIGILANCE IS KEPT 24/7,

AND A CONTROVERSIAL SHERIFF \h\h\hCHALLENGES THE LIMITS

OF CRUEL AND UNUSUAL \h\h\h\hPUNISHMENT--

TO PUT THE LID ON CRIME....

\h\h\h\hIN A CITY WHERE ONE CONVICT’S CONFESSION

LED TO FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS \h\h\hFOR ANYONE ACCUSED.

\h\h\hTO SOAR OVER ARIZONA IS TO DISCOVER A LANDSCAPE OF GIANTS,

FROM THE LARGEST CACTI \h\h\hIN NORTH AMERICA

TO AWE-INSPIRING CRATERS--

\h\h\hONE FORMED BY A FALLING METEORITE,

ANOTHER BY A FOUNTAIN OF FIRE \h\h\hTHAT ERUPTED FROM BELOW.

\h\h\h\hAND A CHANCE TO JOURNEY DEEP DOWN

INTO THE MOST EPIC LANDSCAPE \h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF THEM ALL...

THIS IS THE GRAND CANYON STATE: ARIZONA.

IN THE ARIZONA DESERT, A STRANGE MONUMENT RISES FROM THE BRUSH.

\hAT FIRST IT LOOKS LIKE A RELIC OF SOME FORGOTTEN CIVILIZATION,

\h\h\h\h\hOR THE TOMB OF A PREHISTORIC KING.

BUT A CLOSER LOOK REVEALS \hTHAT IT WAS PLACED HERE

JUST OVER 100 YEARS AGO

AND MARKS THE GRAVE

\hOF AN ADVENTUROUS 19th-CENTURY PROSPECTOR NAMED ED SCHIEFFELIN.

SCHIEFFELIN ARRIVED IN WHAT IS NOW SOUTHERN ARIZONA IN 1877,

HOPING TO STRIKE IT RICH.

HE’D COME TO SEE IF RUMORS \h\hHE’D HEARD WERE TRUE.

\h\h\h\h\hRUMORS OF SILVER IN THE DRAGOON MOUNTAINS,

A DANGEROUS AND ROCKY RANGE \h\h\hWHERE APACHE WARRIORS

\h\hWERE STILL BATTLING THE U.S. ARMY FOR THEIR FREEDOM

AND KILLING ANY WHITE MAN \h\h\hWHO DARED TO ENTER.

BUT SCHIEFFELIN WAS DETERMINED \h\h\h\h\hTO FOLLOW HIS HUNCH.

\h\h\h\hFOR MONTHS HE STOLE INTO THESE MOUNTAINS AGAIN AND AGAIN

TO SEARCH FOR SILVER,

DODGING APACHE WAR PARTIES \h\hEVERY STEP OF THE WAY.

OTHERS URGED HIM TO GIVE UP, \h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND WARNED HIM

\hTHE ONLY STONE HE WOULD EVER FIND IN THE DRAGOONS

WOULD BE HIS OWN TOMBSTONE.

SO WHEN HE FINALLY UNCOVERED

THE MOTHER LODE OF SILVER \h\h\hHE WAS HUNTING FOR,

HE NAMED IT THE TOMBSTONE MINE.

IT WOULD MAKE SCHIEFFELIN \h\h\h\h\h\hA MILLIONAIRE

AND SPARK THE SPECTACULAR RISE \h\h\h\h\hOF A NEARBY BOOMTOWN

THAT SHARED THE TOMBSTONE NAME.

\hIN JUST A FEW SHORT YEARS, THE BRAND-NEW TOWN EXPLODED

INTO ONE OF THE WEST’S \hWILDEST OUTPOSTS...

WITH UP TO 100 SALOONS,

\h\hAND AN UNTOLD NUMBER OF HOUSES OF ILL REPUTE.

A MIX OF SILVER, GREED, \hLIQUOR AND LOOSE WOMEN

MADE TOMBSTONE A VOLATILE, \h\h\h\h\hDANGEROUS PLACE.

AS ROBBERY AND MURDER \hFILLED THE STREETS,

THE TOWN RECRUITED A BAND OF LAWMEN--

INCLUDING BROTHERS MORGAN, \h\hVIRGIL AND WYATT EARP,

AND THEIR FRIEND DOC HOLLIDAY--

TO LAY DOWN THE LAW.

ON OCTOBER 26, 1881,

\h\hTHEIR EFFORTS SPARKED A SHOOTOUT SO LEGENDARY...

PERFORMERS RE-ENACT IT \h\h\hON A DAILY BASIS

FOR TOURISTS WHO FLOCK \h\h\h\hTO THE SCENE.

HERE, IN THE SAME TOMBSTONE STREETS

WHERE THE ACTUAL EVENTS \h\h\h\h\h\h\hUNFOLDED,

THEY SHOW THE VISITORS \hHOW EARP AND HIS MEN

ORDERED A BAND OF OUTLAWS \hTO SURRENDER THEIR GUNS.

AND HOW THE OUTLAWS REFUSED.

A STANDOFF THAT FINALLY ERUPTED IN A HAIL OF BULLETS,

NOW FAMOUS AS THE GUNFIGHT \h\h\h\hAT THE OK CORRAL.

BY THE TIME THE SMOKE CLEARED, THIRTY ROUNDS HAD BEEN FIRED,

THREE OF THE OUTLAWS WERE DEAD,

AND WYATT EARP AND DOC HOLLIDAY

WERE ON THEIR WAY TO WORLDWIDE FAME

\h\h\h\hAS TWO OF THE WEST’S MOST DANGEROUS GUNSLINGERS.

\h\hAND TOMBSTONE WAS ON ITS WAY TO A NEW ERA OF LAW AND ORDER...

\h\h\h\hSYMBOLIZED MOST OF ALL BY THE STATELY NEW COURTHOUSE

\h\h\h\hTHAT SOON ROSE IN THE CENTER OF TOWN.

BY THE MID 1880s,

TOMBSTONE WAS SAID TO BE THE FASTEST-GROWING CITY

BETWEEN ST. LOUIS AND SAN FRANCISCO,

WITH A POPULATION ESTIMATED \h\h\h\h\h\hAT UP TO 20,000.

BUT THAT BOOM WENT BUST WHEN \hMINERS HIT THE WATER TABLE

AND THE MINES BEGAN TO FLOOD.

\h\h\hBY THE EARLY 1890s MOST OF THEM HAD CLOSED,

AND THIS ONCE WILD OUTPOST

\h\hWAS TURNING INTO A QUIET DESERT TOWN.

\h\h\h\h\h\hED SCHIEFFELIN-- THE MAN WHO STARTED IT ALL--

DIED IN 1897.

\h\h\hHIS LAST REQUEST WAS TO BE LAID TO REST

IN HIS PROSPECTING CLOTHES,

WITH HIS PICK AND CANTEEN \h\h\h\h\h\h\hBY HIS SIDE,

NOT FAR FROM HIS ORIGINAL \h\h\h\h\hTOMBSTONE MINE.

\h\hBY THEN, HE MUST HAVE SEEMED LIKE A RELIC FROM A BYGONE AGE.

BUT IT’S AN AGE THAT WILL NEVER BE FORGOTTEN--

\h\h\h\h\h\hTHANKS IN LARGE PART TO A UNIQUELY AMERICAN ART FORM:

THE HOLLYWOOD WESTERN.

COLUMBIA PICTURES CAME \h\hTO ARIZONA IN 1939

TO SHOOT A MOVIE CALLED \h\h\h\h\h\h\h"ARIZONA."

PRODUCERS BUILT THIS COPY \h\h\h\h\h\hOF OLD TUCSON

TO SERVE AS A BACKDROP FOR STARS WILLIAM HOLDEN AND JEAN ARTHUR.

INGRID BERGMAN, JIMMY STEWART, \hJOHN WAYNE, MAUREEN O’HARA,

CLINT EASTWOOD, HARRISON FORD, VAL KILMER, LEONARDO DICAPRIO

\h\h\h\h\h\h\hALL FOLLOWED, STRIDING ALONG THESE STREETS

IN FILMS THAT KEPT THE LEGENDS

OF ARIZONA’S WILD WEST DAYS \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hALIVE.

BUT ARIZONA’S HISTORY \h\h\h\hDOESN’T START

WITH TALES OF THE WILD WEST.

\h\h\h\hLONG BEFORE GUNSLINGERS AND SALOONS DOTTED THE HORIZON,

ALL THAT TRAVELERS HERE \h\h\h\hWOULD HAVE SEEN

WAS A SERIES OF LANDSCAPES

\h\h\hAS STUNNING AS ANY IN THE AMERICAN WEST...

FROM THE COLORFUL SLOPES \hOF ITS PAINTED DESERT

TO GIANT FIELDS OF BLACK LAVA.

\h\h\h\hIT WAS HERE THAT A NEARBY VOLCANO ERUPTED

IN THE 11th CENTURY.

FIRE SHOT HUNDREDS OF FEET \h\h\h\h\h\h\hINTO THE AIR

AND A CLOUD OF VOLCANIC ASH ROSE TWO AND A HALF MILES,

\h\hAND THEN SETTLED OVER 64,000 ACRES...

LEAVING BEHIND SUNSET CRATER.

FORTUNATELY, MOST OF THOSE \h\h\h\hLIVING AT ITS BASE

HAD TIME TO GET OUT OF THE WAY.

THE STORY OF THEIR ESCAPE

\hHAS BEEN PASSED DOWN THROUGH GENERATIONS--

RIGHT DOWN TO THEIR HOPI, ZUNI AND NAVAJO DESCENDANTS TODAY.

\hBUT ARIZONA HAS PLENTY OF OTHER SURPRISES, TOO.

LIKE THESE FORESTS COVERED WITH SNOW

\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHAT FLANK THE SAN FRANCISCO PEAKS,

OUTSIDE OF FLAGSTAFF.

\hAND THEN THERE ARE THE DRY ROCKY HILLS

OF SOUTHERN ARIZONA’S \h\h\hSONORAN DESERT,

\h\hHOME TO NORTH AMERICA’S LARGEST CACTI: THE SAGUARO.

THERE’S NO BETTER PLACE

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTO SET EYES ON THESE PRICKLY GIANTS THAN HERE,

ON PROTECTED LAND EAST AND WEST OF THE CITY OF TUCSON.

THE SAGUARO NATIONAL PARK.

MORE THAN ONE AND A HALF MILLION SAGUARO CACTI LIVE HERE.

ONE REASON AN ENTIRE PARK \h\h\h\hHAS BEEN DEDICATED

TO PROTECT ONE SPECIES...

IS BECAUSE THIS TOWERING PLANT \hCAN GROW UP TO 50 FEET TALL,

\h\h\hAND IS FOUND NOWHERE ELSE IN THE WORLD BUT IN THIS DESERT.

COME SPRING, SAGUAROS ALSO PRODUCE BLOSSOMS

THAT ARE THE ARIZONA \h\h\hSTATE FLOWER.

\h\h\hTHOUSANDS OF YEARS AGO, WITH LANDSCAPES LIKE THIS ONE,

IT WOULD HAVE BEEN EASY TO THINK

\h\h\h\hTHAT ARIZONA WAS JUST A WILD AND UNINHABITED PLACE.

BUT TRAVELERS IN CENTRAL ARIZONA WOULD HAVE FOUND EVIDENCE

\h\h\h\h\hTHAT PEOPLE ALSO CALLED THIS DESERT HOME--

A PEOPLE CALLED THE SINAGUA.

\h\h\h\h\h\hLITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT THESE EARLY ARIZONANS.

BUT AMAZINGLY, ONE OF THEIR \h\hDWELLINGS HAS SURVIVED.

WEDGED IN RUGGED LIMESTONE CLIFFS

IS AN ANCIENT APARTMENT BUILDING

THAT’S CLUNG TO A SEEMINGLY \h\h\hIMPOSSIBLE PERCH HERE

FOR HUNDREDS OF YEARS.

IT’S ONE OF THE BEST-PRESERVED \hCLIFF DWELLINGS IN AMERICA.

WHEN WHITE SETTLERS FIRST SET EYES ON IT

THEY IMAGINED IT HAD BEEN BUILT BY REFUGEE AZTECS,

\hSO THEY NAMED IT MONTEZUMA’S CASTLE

AFTER THE LAST AZTEC KING.

\h\h\h\h\h\hBUT MONTEZUMA HAD NOTHING TO DO WITH IT.

ARCHAEOLOGISTS SAY THE SINAGUA

BEGAN BUILDING THIS CLIFF HOUSE AND OTHERS LIKE IT

\hIN THE 11th CENTURY, LONG BEFORE MONTEZUMA.

FOR GENERATIONS ITS THICK WALLS

SHELTERED THE SINAGUA \h\h\h\hFROM THE SUN,

\hWHILE ITS PERCH HIGH ON THE CLIFFS

\h\h\hPROTECTED THEM FROM THEIR ENEMIES.

BUT BY THE EARLY 1400s \h\h\hTHEY WERE GONE.

THE REMARKABLE STRUCTURE \h\h\h\hTHEY LEFT BEHIND

SHOWS THEY KNEW A THING OR TWO ABOUT SURVIVING IN THE DESERT.

BUT THE ANCIENT WAYS OF LIFE \hOF ARIZONA’S NATIVE TRIBES

\hCAME UNDER ATTACK IN THE 16th CENTURY,

AFTER SPANISH CONQUISTADORS \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hARRIVED...

AS THEY CRISSCROSSED THIS LAND

\h\h\h\h\h\h\hON THEIR SEARCH FOR FABULOUS CITIES OF GOLD...

\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND CLAIMED IT, AND MUCH OF THE AMERICAN WEST,

\h\h\h\h\hIN THE NAME OF THE KING OF SPAIN.

CATHOLIC MISSIONARIES RODE IN \h\h\hAFTER THE CONQUISTADORS,

\h\h\h\hSPREADING OUT ACROSS THIS NEW SPAIN

TO STAKE THEIR OWN CLAIMS

IN THE NAMES OF CHRIST \h\h\h\hAND THE POPE.

\h\h\h\hONE OF THEM, A JESUIT NAMED EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO,

ARRIVED HERE, ON THE EAST BANK \h\h\hOF THE SANTA CRUZ RIVER,

IN 1687.

BY THEN, A NATIVE AMERICAN TRIBE CALLED THE PIMA

HAD BEEN LIVING AND FARMING HERE FOR THOUSANDS OF YEARS.

KINO, HOPING TO SAVE THEM

FROM WHAT HE CALLED \hTHEIR SINFUL WAYS,

TRIED TO WIN THE PIMA TO CHRIST

WITH GIFTS AND PROMISES \h\h\h\hOF SALVATION...

WHILE THE SPANISH ARMY \h\h\hUSED BRUTE FORCE

TO KEEP THEM IN LINE.

AFTER AN UPRISING IN 1695,

50 PIMA WERE MURDERED \h\hBY THE SPANIARDS.

BY 1751 THEY HAD HAD ENOUGH, \h\h\h\h\hAND ROSE UP AGAIN,

\hTRYING ONCE AND FOR ALL TO DRIVE THE SPANISH AWAY.

BUT THEY DIDN’T SUCCEED.

BY 1800 SPANISH MISSIONARIES \h\h\h\h\hWERE STILL HERE--

AND BUILDING A GRAND NEW CHURCH

ON THE OPPOSITE SIDE \h\h\hOF THE RIVER.

\hBUT APACHE RAIDS, POLITICAL UPHEAVAL,

AND A LACK OF FUNDS FORCED THEM TO QUIT BEFORE IT WAS DONE.

TODAY THEIR INCOMPLETE CHURCH, \h\h\h\h\h\hCALLED TUMACACORI,

\h\h\h\h\hIS THE CENTERPIECE OF A NATIONAL HISTORIC PARK.

SOME WHO COME TO SEE IT \h\hARE DRAWN BY RUMORS

\h\h\hTHAT THE SPANIARDS LEFT SOMETHING BEHIND...

A FORTUNE IN GOLD BURIED \hBENEATH THE SANCTUARY.

\h\hRECORDS SHOW THAT WHEN THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

TOOK OVER TUMACACORI,

IT FOUND SIGNS OF EXTENSIVE \h\h\h\h\hTREASURE HUNTING,

INCLUDING A SUSPICIOUSLY LARGE HOLE DUG UNDERNEATH THE ALTAR.

BY THEN THE CHURCH HAD BEEN \hABANDONED FOR SIXTY YEARS,

A VICTIM OF CHANGING TIMES...

TIMES THAT WOULD GO ON \hTO TRANSFORM ARIZONA

IN WAYS THE CONQUISTADORS \h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND COWBOYS

COULD NEVER HAVE IMAGINED.

\h\hFROM A FORMER COLONY AND FRONTIER TERRITORY,

INTO A MODERN STATE WHERE ONE GIANT CITY

HAS BEEN ABLE TO RISE \h\hFROM THE DESERT...

THANKS TO A MEGA-ENGINEERING \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hPROJECT

THAT SNAKES ACROSS THE LAND.

\hWHEN DAWN BREAKS OVER THE MOUNTAINS

EAST OF PHOENIX, ARIZONA,

\h\h\hIT’S EASY TO SEE WHY THIS IS CALLED THE VALLEY OF THE SUN.

\hARIZONA’S SUNRISES ARE SOME OF THE MOST COLORFUL IN THE WORLD.

\hTHESE PSYCHEDELIC SIDE EFFECTS ARE NOT THE RESULT OF POLLUTION,

BUT CAUSED INSTEAD

\h\h\h\hBY THE DESERT’S EXCEPTIONALLY CLEAN AIR,

\h\h\hWHICH ALLOWS THE NATURAL SPECTRUM OF COLORS IN SUNLIGHT

TO SHINE THROUGH.

AND IN PHOENIX,

\h\h\h\hTHERE’S NO BETTER PLACE TO WITNESS THIS COLORFUL DISPLAY

THAN FROM THE TOP OF THIS ICONIC 2,700-FOOT PEAK,

\hKNOWN AS CAMELBACK MOUNTAIN, THANKS TO ITS CAMEL-LIKE HUMP.

\h\hTO REACH THE TOP REQUIRES CLIMBING MORE THAN 1,200 FEET

IN JUST OVER A MILE.

BUT THAT DOESN’T STOP MILLIONS

FROM REACHING THE SUMMIT \h\h\h\h\h\hEVERY YEAR.

\h\h\hIT’S ALSO A PERFECT SPOT TO TAKE IN BREATHTAKING VIEWS

OF ONE OF THE TEN LARGEST CITIES IN THE NATION.

BUT IT’S A METROPOLIS THAT \h\h\hHASN’T ALWAYS GROWN

THE WAY CITY PLANNERS \h\h\h\h\hINTENDED...

LIKE THE TIME IN THE 1960s

\hWHEN CITY OFFICIALS SET OUT TO BUILD A GRAND NEW SKYLINE,

\h\hAND ENDED UP GIVING PHOENIX TWO SEPARATE DOWNTOWNS INSTEAD.

\hTHE DREAM WAS TO CREATE A MANHATTAN IN THE DESERT

BY EXPANDING THE EXISTING \h\hDOWNTOWN TO THE NORTH

AND FILLING IT WITH SKYSCRAPERS.

\h\hOPTIMISTIC DEVELOPERS SOON BEGAN ERECTING TOWERS

IN THE CITY’S NEW NORTH END.

\h\hBUT THE PROBLEM WAS THAT NO ONE ELSE STEPPED FORWARD

TO BUILD ON THE BLOCKS \h\h\h\h\hIN BETWEEN,

\h\h\hAND SO PHOENIX ENDED UP WITH TWO DOWNTOWNS BY MISTAKE.

TODAY PHOENIX LOOKS MORE LIKE \hLOS ANGELES THAN MANHATTAN,

WITH SPRAWLING SUBURBS, \h\h\h\h\hGREAT WEATHER,

AND ENDLESS TRAFFIC JAMS.

BUT THAT DOESN’T STOP MANY

OF AMERICA’S MOST PROMISING \h\h\h\h\h\h\hYOUNG ATHLETES

FROM FLOCKING HERE TO PLAY BALL.

AS MANY AS 14 MAJOR LEAGUE \h\h\h\h\h\hBASEBALL TEAMS

\h\h\hCOME TO CENTRAL ARIZONA FOR SPRING TRAINING EACH YEAR.

\h\h\h\hTHE METRO AREA IS DOTTED WITH TRAINING CAMPS AND DIAMONDS

FOR THE VISITING TEAMS

\h\h\h\hAND THE DIAMONDBACKS, WHO ALREADY CALL PHOENIX HOME.

BUT THIS ISN’T SPRING.

AND THIS ISN’T SPRING TRAINING.

\h\h\hIT’S AUTUMN, AND THIS IS THE ARIZONA FALL LEAGUE,

AN ANNUAL SERIES SPONSORED \hBY MAJOR LEAGUE BASEBALL

SINCE 1992.

EVERY MAJOR LEAGUE TEAM DRAFTS \hSIX PROMISING YOUNG PLAYERS

\h\h\h\h\h\hTO COMPETE IN THE AFL EACH YEAR--

AND SENDS ITS SCOUTS, MANAGERS \hAND COACHES ALONG TO WATCH.

\h\hWHICH MEANS THESE PLAYERS AREN’T JUST HERE TO WIN GAMES.

THEY’RE HERE TO WIN A SPOT \h\hIN THE MAJOR LEAGUES.

\h\hSOME--LIKE AFL ALUMNI DEREK JETER, JASON GIAMBI

AND ALBERT PUJOLS BEFORE THEM--

WILL GET CALLED BACK FOR SPRING TRAINING.

SOME WON’T.

THAT’S WHAT HAPPENED \hTO MICHAEL JORDAN,

\hWHO PLAYED IN THE AFL IN 1994, BEFORE HEADING BACK TO THE NBA.

BUT MANY SPORTS FANS \h\hCOME TO ARIZONA

WITH AN ENTIRELY DIFFERENT GAME IN MIND...

\h\h\h\h\hONE THEY PLAY ON MORE THAN 250 COURSES

THAT MAKE METRO PHOENIX \h\hA GOLFER’S PARADISE.

IN THE EARLY DAYS THE COURSES \hHERE WERE ALL MADE OF SAND.

\h\hBUT IN 1913 PHOENIX GOT ITS FIRST GRASS GOLF COURSE.

AND IN THIS DESERT STATE,

\h\h\hIT TAKES A LOT OF WATER TO KEEP ALL THAT GRASS GREEN--

WHICH IS WHY THESE COURSES \h\h\h\h\h\hARE REGULATED,

AND ONLY ALLOWED A CERTAIN NUMBER

OF ACRES OF GRASS PER HOLE.

NATURAL WATER SOURCES IN PHOENIX MAY BE SCARCE,

BUT ARIZONA ITSELF LIES

ON ONE OF THE GREATEST SOURCES \h\h\h\hOF WATER IN THE WEST.

\h\h\hHERE, ON THE STATE’S NORTHERN BORDER WITH UTAH,

\h\hTHERE’S PLENTY OF WATER, AS FAR AS THE EYE CAN SEE...

THANKS TO THE GLEN CANYON DAM, \h\h\h\hON THE COLORADO RIVER.

HAILED AS AN ENGINEERING MARVEL ON ITS COMPLETION IN 1964,

THE DAM IS THE 4th HIGHEST \h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN THE U.S.

\h\h\hAND REQUIRED MORE CONCRETE TO BUILD THAN THE HOOVER DAM...

FOUR MILLION CUBIC YARDS OF IT!

BEHIND THE DAM, LAKE POWELL \h\h\h\h\hHOLDS ENOUGH WATER

\h\h\h\hTO MEET THE NEEDS OF 30 MILLION FAMILIES A YEAR.

\h\hBUT ARIZONA’S NOT ALLOWED TO TAKE ALL THIS WATER FOR ITSELF.

IN 1922, IT AND SIX OTHER STATES

AGREED TO SHARE THE WATER FROM THE COLORADO RIVER--

AND THEY’VE BEEN FIGHTING ABOUT HOW TO SPLIT IT UP EVER SINCE.

TO CLAIM ITS SHARE--

AND TO GET THE WATER \h\hFROM THIS RIVER

\h\h\h\hTO PLACES LIKE PHOENIX AND TUCSON WHERE IT’S NEEDED--

TOOK A GIANT FEAT OF ENGINEERING AND TWO DECADES OF CONSTRUCTION.

FIRST, ENGINEERS BUILT \h\h\hAN INTAKE VALVE

\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAT LAKE HAVASU ON ARIZONA’S WESTERN BORDER.

\h\h\h\h\h\hTHEN THEY CARVED A GIANT MODERN-DAY AQUEDUCT

INTO THE LAND.

IT SNAKES EAST ACROSS THE ARIZONA DESERT...

\h\h\h\h\hAND CONSISTS OF MORE THAN 300 MILES

OF OPEN CANALS, PIPELINES \h\h\h\h\h\hAND TUNNELS...

CARRYING PRECIOUS WATER FROM THE COLORADO RIVER

\hTO MILLIONS IN PHOENIX, AND THEN SOUTH TO TUCSON.

IT’S CALLED THE CENTRAL ARIZONA PROJECT, OR "CAP."

CONSTRUCTION OF THIS WATER \h\hNETWORK BEGAN IN 1973,

BUT IT WASN’T EASY.

TUNNELS LIKE THIS ONE, \h\h\hWEST OF PHOENIX,

\h\h\h\h\h\hHAD TO BE CARVED RIGHT THROUGH THE MOUNTAINS.

\h\h\h\h\hWITHOUT THE CAP, THE DEVELOPMENT OF PHOENIX

WOULD HAVE HIT A WALL.

TOWERS LIKE THIS ONE ON PHOENIX’S SKYLINE

MIGHT NOT EXIST,

AND THE CITY’S GIANT POPULATION EXPLOSION IN RECENT YEARS

WOULD HAVE NEVER BEEN POSSIBLE.

\h\h\hBUT THERE’S A PRICE FOR PHOENIX’S READY SUPPLY

OF FRESH WATER.

TO POWER THE PUMPS THAT KEEP THE WATER IN THE CAP FLOWING

REQUIRES A LOT OF ENERGY.

AND MOST OF THAT ENERGY COMES \h\h\h\h\h\hFROM ONE FACILITY,

RIGHT HERE IN THE STATE.

\hIT’S ONE OF THE MOST DRAMATIC SIGHTS IN ARIZONA FROM THE AIR.

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hSUNRISE, THROUGH THE BELCHING STACKS

\h\h\hOF THE NAVAJO GENERATING STATION,

JUST OUTSIDE THE TOWN OF PAGE.

NEARLY 25 PERCENT OF THE POWER \h\h\h\h\h\h\hFROM THIS PLANT

HAS BEEN PURCHASED BY THE CAP TO KEEP ITS AQUEDUCTS WORKING

AND THE WATER RUNNING \h\h\h\h\hIN PHOENIX.

BUT THIS COAL-FIRED PLANT \h\h\h\h\hHAS BEEN LABELED

ONE OF THE MOST POLLUTING \h\h\h\h\h\hIN THE NATION,

SPEWING OUT HIGH LEVELS \h\h\hOF NITROGEN OXIDES

FROM ITS THREE TOWERING \h\h\h600-FOOT CHIMNEYS.

POLLUTION THAT NEARLY \h\h\hBLOCKS THE SUN--

AND THREATENS THE VIEWS OF SOME OF AMERICA’S FINEST SCENERY,

\h\h\h\hAND THE HEALTH OF THOSE LIVING ON THE NAVAJO RESERVATION

ON WHICH IT STANDS.

IT’S WHY TRIBAL OFFICIALS

ARE LOOKING INTO DEVELOPING \hALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES

\h\h\h\h\hTO HELP CLEAR THE AIR, INCLUDING A PROPOSED WIND FARM.

UNTIL THAT AND OTHER CLEANER ENERGY SOURCES COME ON LINE,

MORE THAN 35 PERCENT \h\h\h\hOF ARIZONANS

WILL CONTINUE TO DEPEND ON COAL FOR THEIR POWER.

AND 25 PERCENT MORE \h\hWILL GET THEIRS

\h\hFROM AN EVEN MORE CONTROVERSIAL SOURCE:

\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE PALO VERDE NUCLEAR GENERATING STATION.

SPRAWLING ACROSS THE DESERT

\hJUST 55 MILES WEST OF DOWNTOWN PHOENIX,

PALO VERDE IS THE LARGEST \h\h\hNUCLEAR POWER PLANT

IN THE UNITED STATES.

ITS THREE REACTORS CAN PRODUCE

MORE THAN 4,000 MEGAWATTS \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hA YEAR,

ENOUGH FOR ABOUT 1 MILLION HOMES.

WHEN IT WAS BEING BUILT \h\h\h\h\hIN THE 1980s,

\h\h\h\hENVIRONMENTALISTS WARNED ITS LOCATION UPWIND FROM PHOENIX

COULD MAKE AN ACCIDENT \h\hESPECIALLY DEADLY.

THE REGION’S EVER GROWING NEED \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hFOR POWER--

\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND REASSURANCE THAT THE PLANT WOULD BE SAFE--

TRUMPED THEIR CONCERNS.

BUT THE LOCATION POSED \h\hANOTHER CHALLENGE

TO THE ENGINEERS DESIGNING IT.

\h\h\h\h\hTO MAKE SURE THAT A NUCLEAR PLANT’S FUEL RODS

DON’T OVERHEAT AND MELT DOWN,

\h\hA CONSTANT FLOW OF LIQUID IS REQUIRED TO KEEP THEM COOL.

MOST NUCLEAR PLANTS ARE BUILT \h\h\h\h\hNEAR LAKES OR RIVERS

THAT SUPPLY WATER \hTO DO THAT JOB.

BUT ENGINEERS DESIGNING \h\hTHIS DESERT FACILITY

\h\h\h\hHAD TO COME UP WITH ANOTHER SOLUTION.

THEY DECIDED TO USE PONDS \h\hOF TREATED WASTEWATER

\hFROM HOMES AND INDUSTRIES IN THE PHOENIX AREA INSTEAD.

\hBY RE-USING WASTE TO HELP MAKE ENERGY,

\hPALO VERDE IS ABLE TO PROVIDE THE POWER THAT PHOENIX NEEDS...

\hAND HELP KEEP THE LIGHTS ON IN EVERY CORNER OF THE STATE,

\h\h\hFROM SUBURBAN HOMES TO DOWNTOWN SKYSCRAPERS...

TO THE ARIZONA STATE FAIR,

A SPARKLING SPECTACLE WITH ROOTS THAT GO BACK TO 1884,

LONG BEFORE ARIZONA \hWAS EVEN A STATE.

TODAY THE FAIR OFFERS VISITORS \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hEVERYTHING

FROM LIVESTOCK EXHIBITIONS, \hTO CONCERTS, TO PIG RACES.

BUT IT’S THE RIDES THAT PACK THEM IN.

A MILLION OR MORE FUN-SEEKERS \h\h\h\hCOME HERE EVERY YEAR,

TO LET THEIR KIDS LOOSE \hIN THE MOSCOW CIRCUS,

TAKE A TERRIFYING PLUNGE,

OR GRAB A RELAXING BREAK \hATOP THE FERRIS WHEEL,

TO WATCH THE DESERT SUN GO DOWN.

BUT EVEN THE SIGHT OF PHOENIX \h\hFROM HIGH ABOVE IS NOTHING

COMPARED TO THE EXPERIENCE \h\hOF STANDING ON THE RIM

OF WHAT MAY WELL BE AMERICA’S

MOST AWE-INSPIRING NATURAL LANDMARK.

50,000 YEARS AGO,

ONE OF AMERICA’S MOST DRAMATIC \h\h\h\h\hLANDSCAPES WAS BORN.

A GIANT BOWL OF EARTH AND ROCK,

FORMED BY A GREAT COSMIC EVENT \h\h\h\hIN THE ARIZONA DESERT.

IT HAPPENED IN THE BLINK \h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF AN EYE.

\hA METEORITE TRAVELING AT 26,000 MILES PER HOUR

\h\h\h\hPASSED THROUGH THE EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE

\hAND SLAMMED INTO THE ARIZONA DESERT

WITH AN IMPACT EQUIVALENT

TO MORE THAN 2.5 MILLION TONS \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF TNT--

CREATING AN EXPLOSION 150 TIMES STRONGER THAN AN ATOMIC BOMB.

THE METEORITE MELTED ON CONTACT,

SENDING A SPRAY OF MOLTEN METAL AND PULVERIZED ROCK

FOR A MILE IN EVERY DIRECTION.

BUT IT LEFT BEHIND ONE OF THE WORLD’S MOST UNIQUE LANDMARKS,

A PLACE KNOWN TODAY \hAS METEOR CRATER.

\h\hALMOST ONE MILE ACROSS, AND MORE THAN 550 FEET DEEP,

IT’S AN EERIE REMINDER

OF JUST HOW VULNERABLE \hPLANET EARTH CAN BE.

METEOR CRATER WOULD HAVE BEEN \h\h\h\h\h\h\hA FAMILIAR SIGHT

TO ARIZONA’S EARLY PEOPLE, \h\h\h\hLIKE THE SINAGUA.

\h\h\h\hWHEN SPANISH AND MEXICAN TRAVELERS FIRST SET EYES ON IT,

THEY MUST HAVE FELT LIKE THEY’D BEEN TRANSPORTED

TO ANOTHER WORLD.

\h\h\hBUT THE SIGHT OF THE METEOR CRATER

WAS STILL NOTHING

COMPARED TO WHAT ELSE LAY AHEAD IN THE ARIZONA DESERT.

IN 1821, THE LAND THAT’S NOW \h\h\hARIZONA CHANGED HANDS

WHEN MEXICO WON ITS INDEPENDENCE FROM SPAIN,

AND ARIZONA’S DESERTS \h\h\h\hAND MOUNTAINS

\hBECAME PART OF MEXICO’S NEW NORTHERN TERRITORIES.

BUT BY THE 1840s AMERICANS,

\h\hDRIVEN BY A PHILOSOPHY KNOWN AS MANIFEST DESTINY,

\hSOUGHT TO MAKE THIS LAND PART OF THE UNITED STATES.

\h\h\h\hAFTER AMERICA WON THE 1848 U.S.-MEXICAN WAR,

\h\hMUCH OF THE SOUTHWEST, FROM TEXAS TO CALIFORNIA,

OFFICIALLY BECAME \hU.S. TERRITORY,

INCLUDING WHAT WOULD LATER \h\h\h\h\hBECOME ARIZONA.

\hBUT THE SOUTHWEST WAS SUCH A BIG AREA

THAT LITTLE WAS KNOWN \hABOUT THIS NEW LAND,

\h\h\h\h\hAND WHAT EXACTLY THE UNITED STATES HAD WON.

NO ONE KNEW THAT IT HELD \h\h\hWHAT WOULD BECOME

\h\h\hONE OF AMERICA’S GREATEST TREASURES...

\h\h\hA GIANT CHASM BIGGER THAN ANYTHING

ON THE NORTH AMERICAN CONTINENT.

A PLACE SO DAUNTING IN SCALE

NO AMERICAN HAD YET MANAGED TO JOURNEY INTO ITS DEPTHS.

\hA PLACE NOW KNOWN AS THE GRAND CANYON!

TODAY VISITORS COME TO ITS RIM \hTO BE THRILLED AND UNNERVED.

\h\hBUT WHEN EARLY EUROPEAN TRAVELERS FIRST STOOD HERE,

THEY SIMPLY COULD NOT COMPREHEND THE CANYON’S ENORMOUS SCALE.

\h\h\h\hA SPANISH CONQUISTADOR NAMED GARCIA LOPEZ DE CARDENAS

WAS ONE OF THE VERY FIRST \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTRAVELERS

TO SET EYES ON THE GRAND CANYON.

WHEN HE ARRIVED IN 1540

HE LITERALLY COULDN’T BELIEVE \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hHIS EYES.

HE WAS CONVINCED IT HAD TO BE \hMUCH SMALLER THAN IT LOOKED.

BUT THEN HE AND HIS MEN \h\h\h\hSPENT THREE DAYS

TRYING TO FIND A WAY TO DESCEND

TO THE COLORADO RIVER \hON THE CANYON FLOOR.

THEY FINALLY GAVE UP AND HEADED BACK THE WAY THEY’D COME,

AND CARDENAS DECLARED THE CANYON IMPASSABLE.

FOR THE NEXT 300 YEARS THE AREA WOULD ONLY BE EXPLORED

BY THE NATIVE AMERICAN TRIBES \h\hTHAT ALREADY KNEW IT WELL,

INCLUDING THE HOPI, HAVASUPAI \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND HUALAPAI.

BUT THEN, IN 1857,

A U.S. ARMY LIEUTENANT \h\hNAMED JOSEPH IVES

LAUNCHED AN EXPEDITION \h\h\hUP THE COLORADO,

IN A STEAM-POWERED BOAT--

HOPING TO BE THE FIRST \hTO JOURNEY BY RIVER

THROUGH THE ENTIRE CANYON.

\h\hBUT IVES’ ATTEMPT FLOUNDERED WHEN RAPIDS SHATTERED THE BOAT,

FORCING HIM AND HIS MEN \h\h\hTO WALK BACK OUT.

LATER, IVES COMPARED WHAT HE’D \h\hSEEN TO THE GATES OF HELL,

AND PREDICTED HIS WOULD BE

THE FIRST AND LAST PARTY \h\h\h\h\h\hOF WHITE MEN

\hTO ATTEMPT TO REACH WHAT HE CALLED ITS "VALUELESS" DEPTHS.

BUT A DECADE LATER,

A UNION VETERAN OF THE CIVIL WAR NAMED JOHN WESLEY POWELL

LAUNCHED A NEW EXPEDITION.

BUT THIS TIME HE AND HIS TEAM \h\h\h\h\hWOULD TRY TO TRAVEL

DOWN THE COLORADO RIVER, \h\h\h\h\hINSTEAD OF UP.

POWELL, A GEOLOGIST AND ONE

OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION’S FIRST ETHNOGRAPHERS,

WAS HOPING TO GATHER EVIDENCE

THAT COULD UNLOCK THE MYSTERIES OF HOW THE CANYON WAS FORMED.

ON MAY 24, 1869, POWELL \hAND HIS NINE-MAN TEAM

LAUNCHED THEIR EXPEDITION \h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN WYOMING,

\h\h\h\hON A TRIBUTARY OF THE COLORADO RIVER.

BY AUGUST, THE TEAM HAD FINALLY CROSSED INTO WHAT’S NOW ARIZONA,

AND STARTED THEIR DARING ATTEMPT

TO JOURNEY THROUGH THE ENTIRE CANYON.

\h\hSOON, STEEP WALLS SOARED MORE THAN A MILE ABOVE THEM,

FILLING POWELL WITH DREAD.

BUT ON THE BANKS OF THE RIVER \h\hHE FOUND EXCITING EVIDENCE

\hTHAT THIS FORBIDDING LANDSCAPE WAS ONCE HOME TO NATIVE CULTURES

THAT APPEARED TO HAVE FLOURISHED ALONG THE CANYON FLOOR.

HERE WHERE THE COLORADO RIVER \h\hMEETS THE LITTLE COLORADO,

HE FOUND WALKING TRAILS, RUINS, POTTERY FRAGMENTS

AND PETROGLYPHS OF THESE \hEARLY CANYON DWELLERS.

\h\h\h\h\hTODAY THEY’RE KNOWN AS THE ANCIENT PUEBLO PEOPLE.

THEY BEGAN MAKING THEIR HOMES \h\h\hHERE IN THE 8th CENTURY.

FOR GENERATIONS THEY FARMED \hTHE RIVER’S FERTILE BANKS.

AND NO SITE IN THE CANYON \h\h\h\hHAS REVEALED MORE

\h\h\h\h\h\hABOUT THE LIVES OF THE ANCIENT PUEBLO PEOPLE

\hTHAN A PLACE KNOWN AS THE UNKAR DELTA.

\h\hRESEARCHERS NOW KNOW THAT NOMADS AND FARMERS

ARRIVED HERE AT THIS CURVE \h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN THE RIVER

AS EARLY AS THE YEAR 700.

BUT THEY WERE GONE \hBY AROUND 1150,

\h\h\hAFTER SEVERE DROUGHT FINALLY DROVE THEM AWAY...

\h\h\hLEAVING BEHIND ONE OF THE CANYON’S LARGEST

AND BEST PRESERVED \h\hANCIENT SITES.

IT’S ONE OF MORE THAN 4,000 \hKNOWN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES

IN THE GRAND CANYON--

THOUGH THERE COULD BE \h\h\hTHOUSANDS MORE.

\h\h\h\h\hONLY FIVE PERCENT OF THE GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK

\h\h\h\h\hHAS BEEN EXPLORED FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL REMAINS.

\h\h\h\h\hAS POWELL AND HIS MEN WORKED THEIR WAY DOWN THE RIVER,

\h\hTHEY ALSO GATHERED EVIDENCE THAT WOULD HELP THEM UNDERSTAND

\hHOW THE GRAND CANYON MAY HAVE BEEN FORMED--

STRIKING THE FIRST BLOWS \hIN A SCIENTIFIC QUEST

THAT CONTINUES TO THIS DAY.

WHILE SCIENTISTS STILL DON’T KNOW

EXACTLY HOW THE CANYON \h\h\h\h\hWAS CREATED,

THEY DO KNOW THAT ITS STORY \h\h\h\h\h\h\hSTRETCHES BACK

MORE THAN 1.5 BILLION YEARS,

THANKS TO COLORFUL LAYERS \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF ROCK

\hTHAT ARE NOW EXPOSED IN THE CANYON’S WALLS.

THE OLDEST OF THESE \h\hIS A BLACK ROCK

KNOWN AS VISHNU SCHIST--

\hIT WAS CREATED FROM DEPOSITS OF VOLCANIC ASH, MUD AND SAND

\h\h\h\hTHAT WASHED DOWN FROM ANCIENT MOUNTAINS.

IN THE HUNDREDS OF MILLIONS \h\hOF YEARS THAT FOLLOWED,

OCEANS, DESERTS AND SWAMPS \h\h\h\h\h\hCAME AND WENT

ACROSS THIS PART OF ARIZONA...

LEAVING BEHIND MORE LAYERS \h\h\hOF SEDIMENTARY ROCK,

SO MANY THAT THEY CREATED \h\h\h\h\hA GIANT PLATEAU.

JUST 250 MILLION YEARS AGO,

\h\hTHE YOUNGEST LAYER IN THE CANYON’S WALLS WAS LAID DOWN.

IT’S A LIGHT-COLORED STONE KNOWN AS KAIBAB LIMESTONE.

IT WAS ONLY AFTER THESE DEEP

AND COLORFUL ROCK LAYERS \h\h\h\h\h\hWERE FORMED

\h\h\hTHAT THE COLORADO RIVER STARTED CARVING A GIANT CANYON

THROUGH THE PLATEAU’S FLOOR.

FEEDING IT WERE THOUSANDS \h\h\h\h\h\hOF TRIBUTARIES

THAT ERODED THE LANDSCAPE \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hEVEN MORE,

\h\h\h\hAND HELPED EXPOSE THE COLORFUL LAYERS BELOW,

TO CREATE THIS GIANT CHASM--

WHICH REACHES, IN PLACES, 18 MILES FROM RIM TO RIM.

IT’S A PROCESS OF EROSION \h\hTHAT CONTINUES TODAY--

A PROCESS THAT’S CREATED SOME OF THE CANYON’S GREATEST LANDMARKS,

FROM TOWERING ROCK PINNACLES \h\h\h\hNEAR TEMPLE BUTTE...

TO DEEP GEOLOGICAL SCARS KNOWN \h\hAS THE HINDU AMPHITHEATER,

AND SOARING ABOVE, \hTHE TOWER OF RA.

\h\h\h\h\h\hBUT POWELL’S NOW-LEGENDARY EXPEDITION

CAME WITH A TERRIBLE PRICE.

FOR WEEKS HIS MEN WERE FORCED TO BATTLE THE CANYON’S RAPIDS

IN THEIR HEAVY 19th CENTURY \h\h\h\h\h\h\hWOODEN BOATS,

FIGHTING TO SURVIVE \hWITH LITTLE FOOD,

UNDER GRUELING CONDITIONS

TODAY’S RECREATIONAL RAFTERS \h\h\h\h\hCAN ONLY IMAGINE.

\h\h\h\h\h\hBY THE END OF AUGUST THEY THOUGHT THE WORST WAS OVER.

BUT THEN, ON AUGUST 27, 1869, THEY CAME TO WHAT SEEMED TO BE

THE MOST TERRIFYING RAPIDS \h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF THEM ALL.

THREE OF POWELL’S MEN \hREFUSED TO RUN THEM,

AND WENT OFF TO CLIMB THE CLIFFS IN SEARCH OF ANOTHER WAY OUT.

BUT THE RIVER TURNED OUT TO BE

\h\hMUCH LESS DANGEROUS THAN THE MEN HAD FEARED,

AND JUST A DAY LATER POWELL \h\h\hAND HIS REMAINING TEAM

REACHED THE CANYON’S END...

\hAT A SITE THAT HAS SINCE BEEN FLOODED BY LAKE MEAD

AND THE HOOVER DAM.

ONE OF THE MEN ON THE EXPEDITION WROTE THAT HIS ONLY REGRET

WAS THAT THE MISSING MEN WEREN’T STILL WITH THEM.

HE WOULD SOON DISCOVER THAT NATIVE AMERICANS

HAD KILLED ALL THREE OF THEM

AS SOON AS THEY’D REACHED \h\h\h\hTHE CANYON’S RIM.

\hTWO YEARS LATER POWELL MADE A SECOND EXPEDITION

DOWN THE COLORADO RIVER,

AND WROTE A BEST-SELLING BOOK \h\h\h\h\hABOUT HIS EXPLOITS.

IT WAS IN THIS BOOK THAT POWELL GAVE THE GRAND CANYON ITS NAME.

FOR MANY STANDING ON ITS RIM TODAY,

THE TOWERING WALLS, \hREMARKABLE DEPTHS,

\h\hAND SHEER SCALE OF THE GRAND CANYON

REMAIN JUST AS AWE-INSPIRING \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAS THEY WERE

TO THE TRAVELERS WHO FIRST \hSTUMBLED ONTO THIS SPOT

HUNDREDS OF YEARS AGO.

\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBUT FOR NEW AGE SPIRITUAL SEEKERS IN ARIZONA,

\hTHERE’S A PLACE THAT EVEN THE GRAND CANYON CAN’T TOP.

IT’S CALLED SEDONA.

MANY BELIEVE THIS IS THE SITE \hOF A MYSTERIOUS ENERGY FIELD

\h\h\hWHERE THE EARTH’S COSMIC POWER LINES MEET

AND CREATE FOUR ENERGY VORTICES.

ONE OF THEM, THEY SAY, \h\hIS CENTERED HERE,

AT CATHEDRAL ROCK.

TOWERING RED CLIFFS, \hDEEP GREEN FORESTS

AND AN ELECTRIC BLUE SKY

MAKE THIS HIGH MOUNTAIN VALLEY AN UNDENIABLY MAGICAL PLACE...

WHETHER YOU BELIEVE \h\hIN MAGIC OR NOT.

NEW AGERS HAVE BEEN COMING HERE FOR DECADES

TO SOAK UP ITS UNIQUE \h\h\h\hENERGY VIBES.

\h\hBUT THEY’RE NOT THE FIRST TO FIND SPIRITUAL INSPIRATION

IN THIS VALLEY.

\h\h\h\hIN 1941, SCULPTOR MARGUERITE BRUNSWIG STAUDE

CAME TO SEDONA AND FOUND

WHAT SHE’D BEEN SEARCHING FOR \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hFOR YEARS.

\h\hTHE PERFECT SPOT TO BUILD HER DREAM:

AN AWE-INSPIRING MODERN CHAPEL \h\hCENTERED ON A GIANT CROSS.

STAUDE HAD ENVISIONED \h\h\hWHAT SHE CALLED

"A SPIRITUAL FORTRESS \hSO CHARGED WITH GOD,

THAT IT SPURS MAN’S SPIRIT \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hGODWARD."

\h\h\h\h\hSHE KNEW PUTTING IT ON THIS ROCKY SEDONA HILLSIDE

WOULD GIVE IT A HEAD START.

THE CHAPEL OF THE HOLY CROSS \h\h\hWAS COMPLETED IN 1956,

AND WAS GIVEN AN HONOR AWARD

\hBY THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS THE FOLLOWING YEAR.

TODAY, THIS 90-FOOT-TALL CHAPEL

DRAWS 3.5 MILLION VISITORS \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hA YEAR.

\h\h\hBUT THERE ARE NO CHURCH SERVICES HERE--

IT’S NOW A PLACE OF MEDITATION, OPEN TO ALL.

\h\h\h\hA PERFECT SPOT FOR THOSE WHO BELIEVE

THAT IT LIES AT THE CENTER

\hOF ANOTHER OF SEDONA’S FAMOUS ENERGY VORTICES.

BUILDING A CHAPEL IN THE ARIZONA DESERT IS ONE THING--

BUT TRYING TO BUILD AN ENTIRELY NEW CITY HERE IS SOMETHING ELSE.

IN 1970, ARCHITECT PAOLO SOLERI BOUGHT THIS HILL

ABOUT 60 MILES NORTH OF PHOENIX

AND BEGAN BUILDING AN INNOVATIVE PROTOTYPE CITY OF THE FUTURE

HE CALLED "ARCOSANTI."

HE HOPED TO USE IT \h\hTO DEMONSTRATE

A NEW WAY OF LIVING \h\hIN THE DESERT--

AND THE WORLD.

HE ENVISIONED ARCOSANTI \hAS A 25-ACRE COMMUNITY

POPULATED BY HARDY ECO-PIONEERS WHO WOULD, AS SOLERI HOPED,

BE ABLE TO DO MORE WITH LESS:

\h\hLIVING WITHOUT CARS IN INNOVATIVE BUILDINGS

DESIGNED TO MAKE THE MOST \h\h\h\hOF THE DESERT SUN,

AND GENERATING LESS POLLUTION \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND WASTE.

SOLERI CALLED HIS BLEND

OF ARCHITECTURE AND ECOLOGY \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h"ARCOLOGY,"

AND SAID HIS GOAL WAS

\h\hTO "REFORMULATE THE PRESENT INTO SOMETHING MORE PROMISING."

OVER 40 YEARS LATER,

MANY WONDER IF THAT PROMISE \h\h\h\h\hWILL EVER BE KEPT.

ARCOSANTI’S PLANNED POPULATION \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWAS 5,000,

BUT ONLY ABOUT 100 PEOPLE \h\h\h\h\hEVER LIVED HERE.

\h\h\h\h\h\h\hONLY FIVE PERCENT OF SOLERI’S PLANNED BUILDINGS--

INCLUDING A COVERED PLAZA, \h\h\h\hA CERAMICS STUDIO,

AND A SHOPPING CENTER--

HAVE EVER BEEN BUILT.

MANY OF HIS FANS SAY NEITHER HE NOR HIS IDEAS

\h\h\h\hEVER GOT THE RESPECT OR ATTENTION THEY DESERVED.

\hPERHAPS BECAUSE ANOTHER LABORATORY

FOR LIVING IN THE ARIZONA DESERT

WAS HOGGING MOST OF THE PRESS.

\h\h\h\hAND NOT ALWAYS FOR THE RIGHT REASONS.

THIS IS BIOSPHERE 2--

\h\h\h\h\hA SUPERSIZED THREE-ACRE TERRARIUM.

\hORIGINALLY FUNDED BY TEXAS BILLIONAIRE EDWARD P. BASS,

ITS 6,600 PANES OF GLASS

ENCLOSE 7.2 MILLION CUBIC FEET \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF SPACE--

INCLUDING AN ARTIFICIAL \h\h\h\h\h\hRAIN FOREST,

DESERT AND TINY OCEAN--

IN ADDITION TO 3,800 SPECIES \h\h\hOF ANIMALS AND PLANTS.

\h\hWHEN IT OPENED IN THE EARLY 1990s

\h\h\h\hIT WAS HAILED AS ONE OF THE WORLD’S

\h\h\h\hMOST IMPRESSIVE SCIENTIFIC UNDERTAKINGS.

\h\h\h\h\hBUT IT QUICKLY BECAME ONE OF THE MOST NOTORIOUS, TOO,

\h\h\h\h\h\hAS THE HOME OF THE "BIOSPHERIANS"...

A TEAM OF RESEARCHERS WHO WERE SEALED INSIDE

FOR YEARS AT A TIME

\h\h\h\h\h\hIN THIS SUPPOSEDLY SELF-SUSTAINING ENVIRONMENT--

AND LEFT TO FEND FOR THEMSELVES.

THEIR MISSION WAS TO USE THEIR WORLD

TO DEVELOP NEW TECHNOLOGIES

THAT MIGHT HELP HUMANS SURVIVE \h\h\h\hON THE MOON AND MARS.

THEY VOWED THEY WOULD GROW ALL THE FOOD THEY NEEDED,

RECYCLE THEIR WATER, AIR \h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND WASTE,

AND LIVE WITHOUT SUPPLIES \h\h\h\h\h\hFROM OUTSIDE.

BUT REPORTS SOON SURFACED

THAT THE BIOSPHERIANS WEREN’T \hSTAYING TRUE TO THEIR WORD--

STORIES THAT THEY WERE \h\hACTUALLY SURVIVING

\h\hON PREPACKAGED FOOD THEY HAD HIDDEN INSIDE,

\h\hSECRETLY REPLENISHING THEIR OXYGEN FROM OUTSIDE,

AND USING CO2 SCRUBBERS

TO PREVENT THE BUILDUP \hOF DANGEROUS GASES.

\hTHE REPORTS SET OFF A SCIENTIFIC SCANDAL.

THOUGH IT WAS RUMORS ABOUT WHAT MEMBERS OF THE MIXED GENDER TEAM

WERE DOING AFTER WORK

\h\h\h\hTHAT REALLY CAUGHT THE WORLD’S IMAGINATION...

\hRUMORS SEEMINGLY VERIFIED WHEN TWO OF THE TEAM MEMBERS

GOT MARRIED ALMOST AS SOON \h\h\h\h\hAS THEY GOT OUT.

WHAT HAPPENED IN BETWEEN

MIGHT HAVE BEEN PERFECT \h\h\h\hFOR REALITY TV.

UNFORTUNATELY, THE GOSSIP \h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND SCANDAL

ENDED UP OVERSHADOWING

THE SERIOUS RESEARCH \hBEING DONE HERE--

AND EVEN HELPED BRING IT \h\h\h\h\h\h\hTO AN END.

TODAY, BIOSPHERE 2

IS STILL TRYING TO LIVE DOWN \h\h\h\hITS SOAP OPERA PAST

AND LIVE UP TO ITS FOUNDERS’ \h\h\hSCIENTIFIC INTENTIONS.

ITS REPUTATION GOT A BOOST \h\hWHEN IT WAS TAKEN OVER

\h\h\h\hIN THE MID ’90s BY COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY.

\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND IN 2011, THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA

\h\h\h\h\hSTARTED USING IT FOR CUTTING-EDGE RESEARCH.

\h\h\hTHE MOVE MADE IT PART OF A RESPECTED INSTITUTION,

WHICH IS CENTERED AT THIS \h\h\h\h\hSPRAWLING CAMPUS

\h\h\h\h\hIN NEARBY TUCSON THAT WAS FOUNDED IN 1881,

31 YEARS BEFORE ARIZONA \h\h\hWAS EVEN A STATE.

\h\h\hTODAY ITS MORE THAN 39,000 STUDENTS

FOLLOW IN THE FOOTSTEPS \h\h\hOF PAST GRADUATES

SUCH AS SENATOR BARRY GOLDWATER,

\h\h\hCONGRESSWOMAN GABRIELLE GIFFORDS,

JOURNALIST GERALDO RIVERA,

\h\h\hAND REALITY DIVA KOURTNEY KARDASHIAN...

AND HELP KEEP THE UNIVERSITY’S \h\h\h\h\h\hTRADITIONS ALIVE.

\hLIKE MAKING SURE THAT THE HUGE MOUNTAINTOP "A"

THAT LOOKS OUT OVER TUCSON IS KEPT FRESHLY PAINTED...

\h\h\h\h\h\h\hHEADING OVER TO McKALE MEMORIAL CENTER,

\hTO CHEER ON THE U OF A WILDCAT BASKETBALL TEAM,

\h\h\h\h\hOWNER OF THE NATION’S THIRD HIGHEST WINNING PERCENTAGE

SINCE 1997...

\h\h\h\hAND CROWDING INTO ARIZONA STADIUM

\h\h\h\h\hTO ROOT FOR THE FOOTBALL WILDCATS,

A TEAM THAT HAS CARVED OUT \h\hITS OWN STELLAR RECORD

SINCE THE GAME WAS FIRST PLAYED ON CAMPUS IN 1899.

\h\h\h\hTHE YOUTHFUL ENERGY THAT U OF A STUDENTS BRING TO TUCSON

HELPS TO GIVE THIS CITY \h\hAN UP-TO-DATE VIBE.

BUT PARTS OF TUCSON ITSELF

\hLOOK MUCH AS THEY HAVE SINCE THE 19th CENTURY,

WITH ADOBE STYLE BUILDINGS \h\h\h\h\h\h\hFROM AN AGE

WHEN THIS PART OF ARIZONA STILL BELONGED TO MEXICO.

LONG BEFORE WALLS OF STEEL \h\h\hDIVIDED THE DESERT,

\h\h\h\h\hAND AN ARRAY OF HIGH-TECH GADGETRY

\h\h\h\hSTARTED KEEPING AN EYE ON AMERICA’S SOUTHERN BORDER.

EVERY DAY FLEETS OF TRUCKERS

ROLL OUT ONTO U.S. INTERSTATE 10 IN SOUTHERN ARIZONA,

AND RACE ACROSS THE STATE’S \h\h\h\h\h\hSUN-BAKED DESERT

TO DELIVER THE PRECIOUS CARGO

\h\h\h\h\hTHAT KEEPS AMERICA’S 21st CENTURY ECONOMY ON TRACK.

\hBUT WHEN THESE TRUCKS HEAD SOUTH OF PHOENIX TO TUCSON,

THEY DRIVE ON LAND

THAT WAS ORIGINALLY SUPPOSED \h\h\hTO BE PART OF MEXICO.

\h\h\hTHAT’S BECAUSE, WHEN THE U.S. ACQUIRED

\h\hMOST OF PRESENT-DAY ARIZONA AFTER THE 1848 U.S.-MEXICAN WAR,

IT DIDN’T GET A BIG PIECE \h\hOF SOUTHERN ARIZONA--

\hINCLUDING THE CITY OF TUCSON, WHICH STILL BELONGED TO MEXICO.

BUT AFTER THE WAR, THE U.S. \h\h\hWANTED EVEN MORE LAND

\hTO BUILD A NEW SOUTHERN TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD

THROUGH ARIZONA TO CALIFORNIA.

SO IN 1853, ON THE HEELS \h\h\h\h\h\hOF THE WAR,

\hA U.S. ENVOY, JAMES GADSDEN, NEGOTIATED A DEAL WITH MEXICO

\h\hFOR THE U.S. TO BUY A 30-MILLION-ACRE PARCEL

ON THE SOUTHERN BORDERS

OF PRESENT-DAY ARIZONA \h\hAND NEW MEXICO...

A PIECE OF LAND THAT WOULD BE \hCALLED THE GADSDEN PURCHASE.

\h\hMEXICO AGREED TO GIVE IT UP FOR JUST OVER 30 CENTS AN ACRE.

\h\h\h\h\hBUT WHEN THE DEAL FOR THE GADSDEN PURCHASE WAS SIGNED,

THE U.S. BORDER MOVED SOUTH...

AND SPLIT ONE MEXICAN TOWN, THE TOWN OF NOGALES, IN TWO.

FOR ALMOST A HUNDRED YEARS \h\h\h\h\hFOLKS IN NOGALES

HARDLY SEEMED TO NOTICE \h\h\hTHE BORDER AT ALL.

LOCALS PASSED BACK AND FORTH \h\h\hFREELY TO DO BUSINESS

AND VISIT FRIENDS AND FAMILY \h\h\h\h\h\hON EITHER SIDE.

THEN, IN THE LATE 20th CENTURY,

\h\h\hTENSIONS OVER ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION

AND DRUG SMUGGLING \hBEGAN TO MOUNT.

\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE CASUAL CROSSINGS THAT HAD BEEN A WAY OF LIFE HERE

CAME TO SEEM SUSPECT.

IN THE 1990s A NEW SHEET METAL FENCE BROUGHT THEM TO AN END.

IN 2011 THE U.S. GOVERNMENT \hBEGAN REPLACING THE FENCE

WITH AN OPEN POLE BARRIER

\h\hSO THEY COULD SEE WHAT WAS HAPPENING ON THE OTHER SIDE--

AT A COST OF MORE THAN \h\h$4 MILLION A MILE.

\h\h\hNOW CUSTOMS AND BORDER PATROL OFFICERS

\h\h\h\h\h\hWORK TO MAKE SURE NO ONE BREACHES THE NEW FENCE,

WHILE SECURITY CAMERAS \h\h\hKEEP WATCH 24/7.

BUT THE BIGGEST THREAT MAY BE

WHAT THE OFFICERS AND CAMERAS \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hCAN’T SEE...

TUNNELS DUG UNDERNEATH \h\h\h\hTHE NEW FENCE.

ONE WAS EVEN DISCOVERED

LEADING RIGHT UNDER A STREET \h\h\h\h\hON THE U.S. SIDE.

CARS WITH HOLES IN THEIR FLOORS

WOULD SIMPLY PARK OVER A TRAP DOOR,

UPLOAD THEIR CARGO OF DRUGS, \h\h\h\hAND THEN DRIVE AWAY.

TODAY, MILLIONS OF DOLLARS \h\h\h\h\h\hOF LEGAL GOODS

\hPASS THROUGH THE NOGALES BORDER CROSSING EACH YEAR.

THE TRICK FOR CUSTOMS OFFICIALS IS TO TRY AND PINPOINT VEHICLES

THAT MAY BE CARRYING \h\h\h\hCONTRABAND--

OR ILLEGAL ALIENS.

\h\h\hAND THE VIGILANCE DOESN’T END IN NOGALES.

\hNORTH--IN PHOENIX AND ACROSS ARIZONA--

\h\h\h\h\h\hLOCAL, STATE AND FEDERAL AUTHORITIES

SPEND MILLIONS OF DOLLARS TO WATCH OUT FOR SMUGGLERS

\hTHAT HAVE COME ACROSS THE U.S.-MEXICAN BORDER.

ONCE THEY IDENTIFY A SUSPECT

THE WHEELS OF JUSTICE \h\h\h\hBEGIN TO TURN,

\hSTARTING WITH A RITUAL ANY FAN OF TV COP SHOWS KNOWS ALL ABOUT:

READING THE SUSPECT \hHIS OR HER RIGHTS.

A PRACTICE THAT GOT ITS START

RIGHT HERE IN ARIZONA \h\h\h\hBACK IN 1963,

AND WAS HANDED DOWN IN THE CASE

\h\hOF AN ARIZONA NATIVE NAMED ERNESTO MIRANDA...

AFTER THE LICENSE NUMBER \h\h\h\h\h\hOF HIS TRUCK

WAS LINKED TO A ROBBERY \h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND RAPE--

CRIMES TO WHICH HE CONFESSED.

AT HIS TRIAL, HERE AT PHOENIX’S MARICOPA COUNTY COURTHOUSE,

THAT CONFESSION EARNED HIM \hA SENTENCE OF 30 YEARS.

BUT HIS LAWYER ARGUED

THAT HE SHOULD HAVE BEEN TOLD \h\h\h\h\h\h\hABOUT HIS RIGHTS

BEFORE BEING INTERROGATED \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBY POLICE.

\h\h\h\hTHREE YEARS LATER THE SUPREME COURT AGREED,

AND ORDERED MIRANDA BACK \h\h\h\hFOR A NEW TRIAL.

POLICEMEN ON TV AND IN REAL LIFE

HAVE BEEN READING SUSPECTS THEIR MIRANDA WARNING EVER SINCE.

\h\h\h\h\h\hBUT NOT EVEN A SUPREME COURT VICTORY

COULD EARN MIRANDA AN ACQUITTAL IN HIS SECOND TRIAL

OR KEEP HIM FROM BEING SENT BACK TO PRISON FOR UP TO 30 YEARS.

\hTODAY HE MIGHT HAVE SERVED AT LEAST A PART OF THAT TIME

HERE IN PHOENIX INSTEAD,

IN ONE OF THE NATION’S MOST NOTORIOUS JAILS--

IN THE CUSTODY OF ONE \hOF MODERN AMERICA’S

MOST CONTROVERSIAL LAWMEN:

MARICOPA COUNTY SHERIFF \h\h\h\h\h\hJOE ARPAIO.

ARPAIO’S BARE-BONES LOCKUP \h\hGOT ITS START IN 1993,

WHEN HE WAS PRESSURED TO GRANT \h\hEARLY RELEASES TO INMATES

IN HIS OVERCROWDED JAILS.

ARPAIO, WHO LIKES \hTO CALL HIMSELF

"AMERICA’S TOUGHEST SHERIFF,"

HAD PROMISED VOTERS \hHE’D NEVER COMPLY.

SO INSTEAD OF RELEASING \h\h\h\h\hHIS PRISONERS,

\h\hHE PITCHED THESE MILITARY SURPLUS TENTS IN AN EMPTY LOT

AND MOVED THE PRISONERS HERE.

HUMAN RIGHTS ACTIVISTS HAVE BEEN COMPLAINING

ABOUT HIS INFAMOUS "TENT CITY" \h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hEVER SINCE.

\h\hTHEY CLAIM LIFE HERE IS INHERENTLY INHUMANE--

ESPECIALLY IN ARIZONA’S \h\h\h\h\h\hHOT SUMMERS.

AND MANY COMPLAIN THAT ARPAIO--

WHO ONCE COMPARED HIS OWN TENT JAIL TO A CONCENTRATION CAMP--

DOESN’T CARE.

\h\h\h\h\h\hHE WANTS IT TO BE THE CONVICTS’ WORST NIGHTMARE,

\hSO THEY’LL DO THEIR BEST TO KEEP FROM COMING BACK.

AND TO MAKE SURE THEY DON’T \h\hTRY TO LEAVE TOO EARLY,

\h\h\hARPAIO FORCES THEM TO WEAR CLASSIC STRIPED PRISON UNIFORMS,

\h\h\h\hACCESSORIZED WITH PINK UNDERWEAR,

TO MAKE THEM EASY TO SPOT \h\hIF THEY TRY TO ESCAPE.

THEIR DISTINCTIVE STRIPES \hALSO HELP THEM STAND OUT

\h\hALONG THE SHOULDERS OF THE STATE’S HIGHWAYS,

WHERE ARPAIO HAS INTRODUCED \h\h\h\h\hANOTHER INNOVATION

WITH A CONTROVERSIAL PAST...

CHAIN GANGS.

HE PUTS HIS FEMALE CONVICTS \h\h\h\h\hIN THE GANGS, TOO,

\hSENDING THEM OUT IN THE BLAZING SUN

\h\hTO PICK UP LITTER AND CUT DOWN WEEDS...

PUSHING FLESH AND BLOOD \h\h\h\h\hTO THE LIMIT.

HERE IN ARIZONA, TEMPERATURES \h\h\h\h\hCAN TOP 100 DEGREES

FOR MORE THAN 30 DAYS STRAIGHT--

NOT THE EASIEST PLACE TO BE \h\hWORKING IN A CHAIN GANG.

BUT THIS DRY, BAKING DESERT \h\h\hIS PERFECT FOR PLANES.

\h\hTHIS IS THE 309th AEROSPACE MAINTENANCE

AND REGENERATION GROUP \h\h\hOUTSIDE TUCSON.

OVER 4,400 RETIRED AIRCRAFT \h\h\hLINE THE DESERT HERE,

IN A PLACE THEY CALL \h\h"THE BONEYARD."

BUT DON’T LET THE NAME FOOL YOU.

\h\hMOST OF THESE PLANES DIDN’T COME HERE TO DIE.

THEY CAME TO BASK IN THE ARIZONA SUN

AND STAY WELL PRESERVED \h\h\h\h\hIN A DRY HEAT

GUARANTEED TO KEEP CORROSION AT BAY,

STANDING SAFELY ON SOIL \h\h\h\hSO DRY AND HARD

IT MAKES CONCRETE UNNECESSARY...

WHILE WAITING TO BE RESTORED \h\hAND RETURNED TO SERVICE.

BUT SOME WILL JUST BE CANNIBALIZED FOR PARTS

AND SIMPLY FORGOTTEN.

MANY WILL SPEND THE REST \h\hOF THEIR DAYS HERE--

JOINING THE MILLIONS \hOF OTHER RETIREES

WHO CALL ARIZONA HOME...

INCLUDING THE 37,000 \h\h\hWHO LIVE HERE,

IN A SPRAWLING PLANNED COMMUNITY NEAR PHOENIX CALLED SUN CITY.

TODAY IT LOOKS A LOT LIKE OTHER SLEEPY SENIOR DEVELOPMENTS.

\hBUT WHEN IT OPENED IN 1960, SUN CITY INTRODUCED AMERICANS

TO A RADICAL NEW APPROACH \h\h\h\hTO GROWING OLD...

AN APPROACH DREAMED UP

BY A VISIONARY DEVELOPER \h\h\h\hNAMED DEL WEBB.

AT 63, WEBB WAS ALREADY \hA WEALTHY BUSINESSMAN

\h\h\h\h\h\hAND CO-OWNER OF THE NEW YORK YANKEES.

HE WOULD GO ON TO EVEN GREATER \h\h\h\h\h\h\hFAME AND FORTUNE

AS THE OWNER OF A STRING \hOF LAS VEGAS CASINOS.

BUT SUN CITY WAS THE PROJECT \h\h\h\hTHAT MADE HIS NAME.

\h\hHE IMAGINED IT AS A VIBRANT BUT SAFE, ALL-INCLUSIVE VILLAGE

WHERE THOUSANDS OF RESIDENTS

\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hCOULD LIVE OUT THEIR GOLDEN YEARS IN STYLE...

\h\h\h\hNOT AS SENIORS, BUT AS "ACTIVE ADULTS,"

\h\h\h\hIN ONE-STORY HOUSES THAT WERE EASY TO NAVIGATE,

ON STREETS COILED AROUND \h\hNEIGHBORHOOD CENTERS

\h\h\h\h\hTO KEEP THEM CONVENIENTLY CLOSE...

WHERE GRANDKIDS COULD VISIT, \h\h\hBUT COULDN’T MOVE IN.

NO PROJECT LIKE IT HAD EVER BEEN ATTEMPTED ON SUCH A VAST SCALE.

AND EVEN WEBB HAD DOUBTS \h\hTHAT IT WOULD WORK.

BUT IN 1959 HE BROKE GROUND \h\h\h\hON ITS FIRST PHASE:

A SHOPPING CENTER, GOLF COURSE, COMMUNITY CENTER

AND FIVE MODEL HOMES.

TO DRUM UP PUBLICITY, \hWEBB HELD A CONTEST

\h\h\h\hTO PICK A NAME FOR HIS NEW COMMUNITY,

\hAND LEGEND HAS IT THAT HE PERSONALLY CHOSE "SUN CITY"

AS THE WINNING ENTRY.

AT HIS JANUARY 1, 1960, OPENING,

\h\h100,000 PEOPLE SHOWED UP TO SEE WHAT WEBB WAS UP TO.

\h\h\h\h\hHE SOLD THEM 237 OF HIS STILL UNBUILT HOMES

BEFORE THE WEEKEND WAS OVER.

HE WOULD SELL ALMOST 2,000 MORE BY THE END OF THE YEAR.

BY THEN, WEBB’S DOUBTS \h\h\h\h\h\hWERE OVER.

TODAY, SUN CITY HAS \hOVER 26,000 HOUSES

AND A MEDIAN AGE OF 73.4, JUST AS DEL WEBB IMAGINED.

THOUGH NOT ALL OF THESE \h\h\h\h"ACTIVE ADULTS"

LIVE HERE YEAR ROUND.

MANY ARE RETIRED NORTHERNERS

WHO MIGRATE TO ARIZONA \h\h\h\h\hEVERY WINTER

TO GET AWAY FROM THE SNOW.

ARRIVING IN HERDS OF RVs THEY \hLEAVE PARKED IN SPECIAL LOTS

UNTIL THEY’RE READY TO HEAD BACK HOME IN THE SPRING.

MORE THAN 400,000 "SNOWBIRDS" MIGRATE TO ARIZONA EACH YEAR,

MORE THAN EVEN SUN CITY \h\h\hCOULD EVER HANDLE.

\h\h\h\h\hFORTUNATELY, THE STATE OFFERS THEM

PLENTY OF OTHER PLACES TO ROOST WHILE THEY’RE HERE.

AND PLENTY OF REASONS \h\h\hTO COME BACK...

TO THE COLORFUL...

ADVENTUROUS...

HISTORIC...

FUTURISTIC...

FASCINATING STATE OF ARIZONA.