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00:00:01,368 --> 00:00:02,636
{\an7}ARIZONA.
2
00:00:02,669 --> 00:00:06,006
{\an7}IT’S ONE OF AMERICA’S
MOST COLORFUL STATES,
3
00:00:06,039 --> 00:00:11,244
{\an7}WITH STUNNING RED PEAKS,
\h\h\h\h\hGOLDEN HILLS,
4
00:00:11,278 --> 00:00:14,248
{\an7}AND PSYCHEDELIC SUNSETS.
5
00:00:14,281 --> 00:00:17,384
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIT’S SEEN SOME
PRETTY COLORFUL PEOPLE, TOO.
6
00:00:17,417 --> 00:00:19,586
{\an7}FROM SPANISH CONQUISTADORS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hON THE HUNT
7
00:00:19,620 --> 00:00:21,989
{\an7}FOR LOST CITIES OF GOLD,
8
00:00:22,022 --> 00:00:24,525
{\an7}TO A COURAGEOUS MINER
\h\h\h\hWHO GAVE BIRTH
9
00:00:24,558 --> 00:00:27,561
{\an7}TO ONE OF THE WILDEST TOWNS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN THE WEST.
10
00:00:27,594 --> 00:00:29,896
{\an7}HERE IN ARIZONA, BRAVE LAWMEN
11
00:00:29,930 --> 00:00:33,600
{\an7}ONCE BATTLED LEGENDARY OUTLAWS
\h\h\h\h\h\hIN THE STREETS...
12
00:00:33,634 --> 00:00:35,603
{\an7}AND NOT-SO-DARING SCIENTISTS
13
00:00:35,636 --> 00:00:40,174
{\an7}TRIED TO HELP US REACH
\hTHE FINAL FRONTIER.
14
00:00:40,207 --> 00:00:43,343
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hIN THE SKIES OVER
THIS SOUTHWEST BORDER STATE,
15
00:00:43,377 --> 00:00:46,747
{\an7}VIGILANCE IS KEPT 24/7,
16
00:00:46,780 --> 00:00:49,149
{\an7}AND A CONTROVERSIAL SHERIFF
\h\h\hCHALLENGES THE LIMITS
17
00:00:49,182 --> 00:00:51,484
{\an7}OF CRUEL AND UNUSUAL
\h\h\h\hPUNISHMENT--
18
00:00:51,518 --> 00:00:54,087
{\an7}TO PUT THE LID ON CRIME....
19
00:00:54,121 --> 00:00:56,824
{\an7}\h\h\h\hIN A CITY WHERE
ONE CONVICT’S CONFESSION
20
00:00:56,857 --> 00:01:01,295
{\an7}LED TO FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
\h\h\hFOR ANYONE ACCUSED.
21
00:01:01,328 --> 00:01:06,733
{\an7}\h\h\hTO SOAR OVER ARIZONA IS TO
DISCOVER A LANDSCAPE OF GIANTS,
22
00:01:06,767 --> 00:01:09,536
{\an7}FROM THE LARGEST CACTI
\h\h\hIN NORTH AMERICA
23
00:01:09,570 --> 00:01:11,806
{\an7}TO AWE-INSPIRING CRATERS--
24
00:01:11,838 --> 00:01:14,908
{\an7}\h\h\hONE FORMED BY
A FALLING METEORITE,
25
00:01:14,942 --> 00:01:19,280
{\an7}ANOTHER BY A FOUNTAIN OF FIRE
\h\h\hTHAT ERUPTED FROM BELOW.
26
00:01:19,313 --> 00:01:22,283
{\an7}\h\h\h\hAND A CHANCE
TO JOURNEY DEEP DOWN
27
00:01:22,316 --> 00:01:25,619
{\an7}INTO THE MOST EPIC LANDSCAPE
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF THEM ALL...
28
00:01:25,652 --> 00:01:30,957
{\an7}THIS IS THE GRAND CANYON STATE:
ARIZONA.
29
00:02:06,994 --> 00:02:13,300
{\an7}IN THE ARIZONA DESERT, A STRANGE
MONUMENT RISES FROM THE BRUSH.
30
00:02:13,333 --> 00:02:17,604
{\an7}\hAT FIRST IT LOOKS LIKE A RELIC
OF SOME FORGOTTEN CIVILIZATION,
31
00:02:17,638 --> 00:02:22,009
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hOR THE TOMB
OF A PREHISTORIC KING.
32
00:02:22,042 --> 00:02:25,512
{\an7}BUT A CLOSER LOOK REVEALS
\hTHAT IT WAS PLACED HERE
33
00:02:25,545 --> 00:02:28,281
{\an7}JUST OVER 100 YEARS AGO
34
00:02:28,315 --> 00:02:29,917
{\an7}AND MARKS THE GRAVE
35
00:02:29,950 --> 00:02:35,422
{\an7}\hOF AN ADVENTUROUS 19th-CENTURY
PROSPECTOR NAMED ED SCHIEFFELIN.
36
00:02:35,455 --> 00:02:39,592
{\an7}SCHIEFFELIN ARRIVED IN WHAT IS
NOW SOUTHERN ARIZONA IN 1877,
37
00:02:39,626 --> 00:02:42,529
{\an7}HOPING TO STRIKE IT RICH.
38
00:02:42,562 --> 00:02:45,965
{\an7}HE’D COME TO SEE IF RUMORS
\h\hHE’D HEARD WERE TRUE.
39
00:02:45,999 --> 00:02:50,036
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hRUMORS OF SILVER
IN THE DRAGOON MOUNTAINS,
40
00:02:50,070 --> 00:02:53,273
{\an7}A DANGEROUS AND ROCKY RANGE
\h\h\hWHERE APACHE WARRIORS
41
00:02:53,306 --> 00:02:56,976
{\an7}\h\hWERE STILL BATTLING THE
U.S. ARMY FOR THEIR FREEDOM
42
00:02:57,010 --> 00:03:01,381
{\an7}AND KILLING ANY WHITE MAN
\h\h\hWHO DARED TO ENTER.
43
00:03:01,415 --> 00:03:04,752
{\an7}BUT SCHIEFFELIN WAS DETERMINED
\h\h\h\h\hTO FOLLOW HIS HUNCH.
44
00:03:04,785 --> 00:03:07,855
{\an7}\h\h\h\hFOR MONTHS HE STOLE INTO
THESE MOUNTAINS AGAIN AND AGAIN
45
00:03:07,888 --> 00:03:10,457
{\an7}TO SEARCH FOR SILVER,
46
00:03:10,490 --> 00:03:14,127
{\an7}DODGING APACHE WAR PARTIES
\h\hEVERY STEP OF THE WAY.
47
00:03:14,161 --> 00:03:17,931
{\an7}OTHERS URGED HIM TO GIVE UP,
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND WARNED HIM
48
00:03:17,964 --> 00:03:20,567
{\an7}\hTHE ONLY STONE HE WOULD
EVER FIND IN THE DRAGOONS
49
00:03:20,600 --> 00:03:22,902
{\an7}WOULD BE HIS OWN TOMBSTONE.
50
00:03:22,936 --> 00:03:24,604
{\an7}SO WHEN HE FINALLY UNCOVERED
51
00:03:24,638 --> 00:03:27,374
{\an7}THE MOTHER LODE OF SILVER
\h\h\hHE WAS HUNTING FOR,
52
00:03:27,407 --> 00:03:30,310
{\an7}HE NAMED IT THE TOMBSTONE MINE.
53
00:03:30,343 --> 00:03:33,279
{\an7}IT WOULD MAKE SCHIEFFELIN
\h\h\h\h\h\hA MILLIONAIRE
54
00:03:33,313 --> 00:03:36,917
{\an7}AND SPARK THE SPECTACULAR RISE
\h\h\h\h\hOF A NEARBY BOOMTOWN
55
00:03:36,950 --> 00:03:40,587
{\an7}THAT SHARED THE TOMBSTONE NAME.
56
00:03:40,620 --> 00:03:43,890
{\an7}\hIN JUST A FEW SHORT YEARS,
THE BRAND-NEW TOWN EXPLODED
57
00:03:43,924 --> 00:03:47,428
{\an7}INTO ONE OF THE WEST’S
\hWILDEST OUTPOSTS...
58
00:03:47,461 --> 00:03:49,330
{\an7}WITH UP TO 100 SALOONS,
59
00:03:49,362 --> 00:03:53,566
{\an7}\h\hAND AN UNTOLD NUMBER
OF HOUSES OF ILL REPUTE.
60
00:03:53,600 --> 00:03:57,304
{\an7}A MIX OF SILVER, GREED,
\hLIQUOR AND LOOSE WOMEN
61
00:03:57,337 --> 00:04:01,241
{\an7}MADE TOMBSTONE A VOLATILE,
\h\h\h\h\hDANGEROUS PLACE.
62
00:04:01,274 --> 00:04:03,777
{\an7}AS ROBBERY AND MURDER
\hFILLED THE STREETS,
63
00:04:03,810 --> 00:04:05,812
{\an7}THE TOWN RECRUITED
A BAND OF LAWMEN--
64
00:04:05,846 --> 00:04:09,550
{\an7}INCLUDING BROTHERS MORGAN,
\h\hVIRGIL AND WYATT EARP,
65
00:04:09,583 --> 00:04:11,452
{\an7}AND THEIR FRIEND DOC HOLLIDAY--
66
00:04:11,485 --> 00:04:13,988
{\an7}TO LAY DOWN THE LAW.
67
00:04:14,020 --> 00:04:16,389
{\an7}ON OCTOBER 26, 1881,
68
00:04:16,423 --> 00:04:19,660
{\an7}\h\hTHEIR EFFORTS SPARKED
A SHOOTOUT SO LEGENDARY...
69
00:04:19,693 --> 00:04:22,262
{\an7}PERFORMERS RE-ENACT IT
\h\h\hON A DAILY BASIS
70
00:04:22,295 --> 00:04:24,798
{\an7}FOR TOURISTS WHO FLOCK
\h\h\h\hTO THE SCENE.
71
00:04:27,601 --> 00:04:30,104
{\an7}HERE, IN THE SAME
TOMBSTONE STREETS
72
00:04:30,137 --> 00:04:32,139
{\an7}WHERE THE ACTUAL EVENTS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hUNFOLDED,
73
00:04:32,172 --> 00:04:34,074
{\an7}THEY SHOW THE VISITORS
\hHOW EARP AND HIS MEN
74
00:04:34,107 --> 00:04:37,444
{\an7}ORDERED A BAND OF OUTLAWS
\hTO SURRENDER THEIR GUNS.
75
00:04:37,477 --> 00:04:40,613
{\an7}AND HOW THE OUTLAWS REFUSED.
76
00:04:40,647 --> 00:04:44,184
{\an7}A STANDOFF THAT FINALLY ERUPTED
IN A HAIL OF BULLETS,
77
00:04:44,217 --> 00:04:48,188
{\an7}NOW FAMOUS AS THE GUNFIGHT
\h\h\h\hAT THE OK CORRAL.
78
00:04:50,290 --> 00:04:54,094
{\an7}BY THE TIME THE SMOKE CLEARED,
THIRTY ROUNDS HAD BEEN FIRED,
79
00:04:54,127 --> 00:04:56,029
{\an7}THREE OF THE OUTLAWS WERE DEAD,
80
00:04:56,062 --> 00:04:57,564
{\an7}AND WYATT EARP AND DOC HOLLIDAY
81
00:04:57,597 --> 00:04:59,966
{\an7}WERE ON THEIR WAY
TO WORLDWIDE FAME
82
00:05:00,000 --> 00:05:03,470
{\an7}\h\h\h\hAS TWO OF THE WEST’S
MOST DANGEROUS GUNSLINGERS.
83
00:05:03,503 --> 00:05:10,176
{\an7}\h\hAND TOMBSTONE WAS ON ITS WAY
TO A NEW ERA OF LAW AND ORDER...
84
00:05:10,210 --> 00:05:13,447
{\an7}\h\h\h\hSYMBOLIZED MOST OF ALL
BY THE STATELY NEW COURTHOUSE
85
00:05:13,480 --> 00:05:17,351
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHAT SOON ROSE
IN THE CENTER OF TOWN.
86
00:05:17,384 --> 00:05:18,919
{\an7}BY THE MID 1880s,
87
00:05:18,952 --> 00:05:21,254
{\an7}TOMBSTONE WAS SAID TO BE
THE FASTEST-GROWING CITY
88
00:05:21,288 --> 00:05:24,291
{\an7}BETWEEN ST. LOUIS
AND SAN FRANCISCO,
89
00:05:24,324 --> 00:05:28,562
{\an7}WITH A POPULATION ESTIMATED
\h\h\h\h\h\hAT UP TO 20,000.
90
00:05:28,595 --> 00:05:31,865
{\an7}BUT THAT BOOM WENT BUST WHEN
\hMINERS HIT THE WATER TABLE
91
00:05:31,898 --> 00:05:35,301
{\an7}AND THE MINES BEGAN TO FLOOD.
92
00:05:35,335 --> 00:05:38,505
{\an7}\h\h\hBY THE EARLY 1890s
MOST OF THEM HAD CLOSED,
93
00:05:38,538 --> 00:05:40,206
{\an7}AND THIS ONCE WILD OUTPOST
94
00:05:40,240 --> 00:05:43,577
{\an7}\h\hWAS TURNING INTO
A QUIET DESERT TOWN.
95
00:05:43,610 --> 00:05:46,279
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hED SCHIEFFELIN--
THE MAN WHO STARTED IT ALL--
96
00:05:46,313 --> 00:05:49,383
{\an7}DIED IN 1897.
97
00:05:49,416 --> 00:05:51,718
{\an7}\h\h\hHIS LAST REQUEST
WAS TO BE LAID TO REST
98
00:05:51,751 --> 00:05:53,486
{\an7}IN HIS PROSPECTING CLOTHES,
99
00:05:53,520 --> 00:05:56,957
{\an7}WITH HIS PICK AND CANTEEN
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBY HIS SIDE,
100
00:05:56,990 --> 00:06:00,994
{\an7}NOT FAR FROM HIS ORIGINAL
\h\h\h\h\hTOMBSTONE MINE.
101
00:06:01,027 --> 00:06:06,165
{\an7}\h\hBY THEN, HE MUST HAVE SEEMED
LIKE A RELIC FROM A BYGONE AGE.
102
00:06:06,199 --> 00:06:10,370
{\an7}BUT IT’S AN AGE THAT WILL NEVER
BE FORGOTTEN--
103
00:06:10,403 --> 00:06:14,507
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hTHANKS IN LARGE PART
TO A UNIQUELY AMERICAN ART FORM:
104
00:06:14,541 --> 00:06:17,144
{\an7}THE HOLLYWOOD WESTERN.
105
00:06:17,177 --> 00:06:20,080
{\an7}COLUMBIA PICTURES CAME
\h\hTO ARIZONA IN 1939
106
00:06:20,113 --> 00:06:23,216
{\an7}TO SHOOT A MOVIE CALLED
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h"ARIZONA."
107
00:06:23,250 --> 00:06:25,352
{\an7}PRODUCERS BUILT THIS COPY
\h\h\h\h\h\hOF OLD TUCSON
108
00:06:25,385 --> 00:06:29,923
{\an7}TO SERVE AS A BACKDROP FOR STARS
WILLIAM HOLDEN AND JEAN ARTHUR.
109
00:06:29,956 --> 00:06:33,660
{\an7}INGRID BERGMAN, JIMMY STEWART,
\hJOHN WAYNE, MAUREEN O’HARA,
110
00:06:33,693 --> 00:06:37,964
{\an7}CLINT EASTWOOD, HARRISON FORD,
VAL KILMER, LEONARDO DICAPRIO
111
00:06:37,998 --> 00:06:41,101
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hALL FOLLOWED,
STRIDING ALONG THESE STREETS
112
00:06:41,134 --> 00:06:42,669
{\an7}IN FILMS THAT KEPT THE LEGENDS
113
00:06:42,702 --> 00:06:46,372
{\an7}OF ARIZONA’S WILD WEST DAYS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hALIVE.
114
00:06:46,406 --> 00:06:48,275
{\an7}BUT ARIZONA’S HISTORY
\h\h\h\hDOESN’T START
115
00:06:48,308 --> 00:06:51,645
{\an7}WITH TALES OF THE WILD WEST.
116
00:06:51,678 --> 00:06:55,348
{\an7}\h\h\h\hLONG BEFORE GUNSLINGERS
AND SALOONS DOTTED THE HORIZON,
117
00:06:55,382 --> 00:06:57,651
{\an7}ALL THAT TRAVELERS HERE
\h\h\h\hWOULD HAVE SEEN
118
00:06:57,684 --> 00:06:59,619
{\an7}WAS A SERIES OF LANDSCAPES
119
00:06:59,653 --> 00:07:04,258
{\an7}\h\h\hAS STUNNING AS ANY
IN THE AMERICAN WEST...
120
00:07:04,291 --> 00:07:07,795
{\an7}FROM THE COLORFUL SLOPES
\hOF ITS PAINTED DESERT
121
00:07:07,827 --> 00:07:10,797
{\an7}TO GIANT FIELDS OF BLACK LAVA.
122
00:07:10,830 --> 00:07:13,733
{\an7}\h\h\h\hIT WAS HERE THAT
A NEARBY VOLCANO ERUPTED
123
00:07:13,767 --> 00:07:15,202
{\an7}IN THE 11th CENTURY.
124
00:07:15,235 --> 00:07:17,604
{\an7}FIRE SHOT HUNDREDS OF FEET
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hINTO THE AIR
125
00:07:17,637 --> 00:07:20,874
{\an7}AND A CLOUD OF VOLCANIC ASH ROSE
TWO AND A HALF MILES,
126
00:07:20,907 --> 00:07:24,477
{\an7}\h\hAND THEN SETTLED
OVER 64,000 ACRES...
127
00:07:24,511 --> 00:07:28,048
{\an7}LEAVING BEHIND SUNSET CRATER.
128
00:07:28,081 --> 00:07:30,483
{\an7}FORTUNATELY, MOST OF THOSE
\h\h\h\hLIVING AT ITS BASE
129
00:07:30,517 --> 00:07:33,420
{\an7}HAD TIME TO GET OUT OF THE WAY.
130
00:07:33,453 --> 00:07:34,921
{\an7}THE STORY OF THEIR ESCAPE
131
00:07:34,955 --> 00:07:37,591
{\an7}\hHAS BEEN PASSED DOWN
THROUGH GENERATIONS--
132
00:07:37,624 --> 00:07:42,496
{\an7}RIGHT DOWN TO THEIR HOPI, ZUNI
AND NAVAJO DESCENDANTS TODAY.
133
00:07:42,529 --> 00:07:46,033
{\an7}\hBUT ARIZONA HAS PLENTY
OF OTHER SURPRISES, TOO.
134
00:07:48,568 --> 00:07:51,071
{\an7}LIKE THESE FORESTS
COVERED WITH SNOW
135
00:07:51,104 --> 00:07:53,173
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHAT FLANK
THE SAN FRANCISCO PEAKS,
136
00:07:53,206 --> 00:07:55,275
{\an7}OUTSIDE OF FLAGSTAFF.
137
00:07:57,610 --> 00:08:00,480
{\an7}\hAND THEN THERE ARE
THE DRY ROCKY HILLS
138
00:08:00,513 --> 00:08:03,549
{\an7}OF SOUTHERN ARIZONA’S
\h\h\hSONORAN DESERT,
139
00:08:03,583 --> 00:08:08,254
{\an7}\h\hHOME TO NORTH AMERICA’S
LARGEST CACTI: THE SAGUARO.
140
00:08:09,789 --> 00:08:11,090
{\an7}THERE’S NO BETTER PLACE
141
00:08:11,124 --> 00:08:15,495
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTO SET EYES ON
THESE PRICKLY GIANTS THAN HERE,
142
00:08:15,528 --> 00:08:20,333
{\an7}ON PROTECTED LAND EAST AND WEST
OF THE CITY OF TUCSON.
143
00:08:20,367 --> 00:08:24,204
{\an7}THE SAGUARO NATIONAL PARK.
144
00:08:24,237 --> 00:08:28,708
{\an7}MORE THAN ONE AND A HALF MILLION
SAGUARO CACTI LIVE HERE.
145
00:08:28,742 --> 00:08:31,178
{\an7}ONE REASON AN ENTIRE PARK
\h\h\h\hHAS BEEN DEDICATED
146
00:08:31,211 --> 00:08:33,246
{\an7}TO PROTECT ONE SPECIES...
147
00:08:33,279 --> 00:08:37,216
{\an7}IS BECAUSE THIS TOWERING PLANT
\hCAN GROW UP TO 50 FEET TALL,
148
00:08:37,250 --> 00:08:41,454
{\an7}\h\h\hAND IS FOUND NOWHERE ELSE
IN THE WORLD BUT IN THIS DESERT.
149
00:08:41,488 --> 00:08:44,925
{\an7}COME SPRING, SAGUAROS
ALSO PRODUCE BLOSSOMS
150
00:08:44,958 --> 00:08:48,829
{\an7}THAT ARE THE ARIZONA
\h\h\hSTATE FLOWER.
151
00:08:48,862 --> 00:08:52,399
{\an7}\h\h\hTHOUSANDS OF YEARS AGO,
WITH LANDSCAPES LIKE THIS ONE,
152
00:08:52,432 --> 00:08:53,800
{\an7}IT WOULD HAVE BEEN EASY TO THINK
153
00:08:53,833 --> 00:08:57,670
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHAT ARIZONA WAS JUST
A WILD AND UNINHABITED PLACE.
154
00:08:57,704 --> 00:09:01,274
{\an7}BUT TRAVELERS IN CENTRAL ARIZONA
WOULD HAVE FOUND EVIDENCE
155
00:09:01,307 --> 00:09:04,243
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHAT PEOPLE ALSO
CALLED THIS DESERT HOME--
156
00:09:04,277 --> 00:09:07,046
{\an7}A PEOPLE CALLED THE SINAGUA.
157
00:09:07,080 --> 00:09:09,416
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hLITTLE IS KNOWN
ABOUT THESE EARLY ARIZONANS.
158
00:09:09,449 --> 00:09:13,453
{\an7}BUT AMAZINGLY, ONE OF THEIR
\h\hDWELLINGS HAS SURVIVED.
159
00:09:13,486 --> 00:09:16,022
{\an7}WEDGED IN RUGGED
LIMESTONE CLIFFS
160
00:09:16,056 --> 00:09:18,258
{\an7}IS AN ANCIENT APARTMENT BUILDING
161
00:09:18,291 --> 00:09:21,261
{\an7}THAT’S CLUNG TO A SEEMINGLY
\h\h\hIMPOSSIBLE PERCH HERE
162
00:09:21,294 --> 00:09:24,063
{\an7}FOR HUNDREDS OF YEARS.
163
00:09:24,097 --> 00:09:28,835
{\an7}IT’S ONE OF THE BEST-PRESERVED
\hCLIFF DWELLINGS IN AMERICA.
164
00:09:28,868 --> 00:09:31,104
{\an7}WHEN WHITE SETTLERS
FIRST SET EYES ON IT
165
00:09:31,137 --> 00:09:34,240
{\an7}THEY IMAGINED IT HAD BEEN BUILT
BY REFUGEE AZTECS,
166
00:09:34,274 --> 00:09:36,643
{\an7}\hSO THEY NAMED IT
MONTEZUMA’S CASTLE
167
00:09:36,676 --> 00:09:39,979
{\an7}AFTER THE LAST AZTEC KING.
168
00:09:40,013 --> 00:09:44,117
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hBUT MONTEZUMA
HAD NOTHING TO DO WITH IT.
169
00:09:44,150 --> 00:09:46,252
{\an7}ARCHAEOLOGISTS SAY THE SINAGUA
170
00:09:46,286 --> 00:09:48,922
{\an7}BEGAN BUILDING THIS CLIFF HOUSE
AND OTHERS LIKE IT
171
00:09:48,955 --> 00:09:53,159
{\an7}\hIN THE 11th CENTURY,
LONG BEFORE MONTEZUMA.
172
00:09:53,193 --> 00:09:55,128
{\an7}FOR GENERATIONS ITS THICK WALLS
173
00:09:55,161 --> 00:09:57,530
{\an7}SHELTERED THE SINAGUA
\h\h\h\hFROM THE SUN,
174
00:09:57,564 --> 00:09:59,599
{\an7}\hWHILE ITS PERCH
HIGH ON THE CLIFFS
175
00:09:59,632 --> 00:10:02,301
{\an7}\h\h\hPROTECTED THEM
FROM THEIR ENEMIES.
176
00:10:02,335 --> 00:10:06,306
{\an7}BUT BY THE EARLY 1400s
\h\h\hTHEY WERE GONE.
177
00:10:06,339 --> 00:10:08,374
{\an7}THE REMARKABLE STRUCTURE
\h\h\h\hTHEY LEFT BEHIND
178
00:10:08,408 --> 00:10:14,147
{\an7}SHOWS THEY KNEW A THING OR TWO
ABOUT SURVIVING IN THE DESERT.
179
00:10:14,180 --> 00:10:16,983
{\an7}BUT THE ANCIENT WAYS OF LIFE
\hOF ARIZONA’S NATIVE TRIBES
180
00:10:17,016 --> 00:10:19,819
{\an7}\hCAME UNDER ATTACK
IN THE 16th CENTURY,
181
00:10:19,853 --> 00:10:22,723
{\an7}AFTER SPANISH CONQUISTADORS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hARRIVED...
182
00:10:22,755 --> 00:10:24,223
{\an7}AS THEY CRISSCROSSED THIS LAND
183
00:10:24,257 --> 00:10:26,793
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hON THEIR SEARCH
FOR FABULOUS CITIES OF GOLD...
184
00:10:26,826 --> 00:10:29,662
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND CLAIMED IT,
AND MUCH OF THE AMERICAN WEST,
185
00:10:29,696 --> 00:10:32,566
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hIN THE NAME
OF THE KING OF SPAIN.
186
00:10:32,599 --> 00:10:35,735
{\an7}CATHOLIC MISSIONARIES RODE IN
\h\h\hAFTER THE CONQUISTADORS,
187
00:10:35,768 --> 00:10:37,470
{\an7}\h\h\h\hSPREADING OUT
ACROSS THIS NEW SPAIN
188
00:10:37,504 --> 00:10:39,106
{\an7}TO STAKE THEIR OWN CLAIMS
189
00:10:39,139 --> 00:10:42,609
{\an7}IN THE NAMES OF CHRIST
\h\h\h\hAND THE POPE.
190
00:10:42,642 --> 00:10:46,746
{\an7}\h\h\h\hONE OF THEM, A JESUIT
NAMED EUSEBIO FRANCISCO KINO,
191
00:10:46,779 --> 00:10:50,082
{\an7}ARRIVED HERE, ON THE EAST BANK
\h\h\hOF THE SANTA CRUZ RIVER,
192
00:10:50,116 --> 00:10:52,085
{\an7}IN 1687.
193
00:10:52,118 --> 00:10:54,954
{\an7}BY THEN, A NATIVE AMERICAN TRIBE
CALLED THE PIMA
194
00:10:54,988 --> 00:10:58,925
{\an7}HAD BEEN LIVING AND FARMING HERE
FOR THOUSANDS OF YEARS.
195
00:10:58,958 --> 00:11:00,793
{\an7}KINO, HOPING TO SAVE THEM
196
00:11:00,827 --> 00:11:03,396
{\an7}FROM WHAT HE CALLED
\hTHEIR SINFUL WAYS,
197
00:11:03,429 --> 00:11:05,698
{\an7}TRIED TO WIN THE PIMA TO CHRIST
198
00:11:05,732 --> 00:11:08,969
{\an7}WITH GIFTS AND PROMISES
\h\h\h\hOF SALVATION...
199
00:11:09,002 --> 00:11:11,571
{\an7}WHILE THE SPANISH ARMY
\h\h\hUSED BRUTE FORCE
200
00:11:11,604 --> 00:11:13,706
{\an7}TO KEEP THEM IN LINE.
201
00:11:13,740 --> 00:11:16,443
{\an7}AFTER AN UPRISING IN 1695,
202
00:11:16,476 --> 00:11:19,346
{\an7}50 PIMA WERE MURDERED
\h\hBY THE SPANIARDS.
203
00:11:19,379 --> 00:11:23,383
{\an7}BY 1751 THEY HAD HAD ENOUGH,
\h\h\h\h\hAND ROSE UP AGAIN,
204
00:11:23,416 --> 00:11:27,020
{\an7}\hTRYING ONCE AND FOR ALL
TO DRIVE THE SPANISH AWAY.
205
00:11:27,053 --> 00:11:28,821
{\an7}BUT THEY DIDN’T SUCCEED.
206
00:11:28,855 --> 00:11:31,858
{\an7}BY 1800 SPANISH MISSIONARIES
\h\h\h\h\hWERE STILL HERE--
207
00:11:31,891 --> 00:11:33,893
{\an7}AND BUILDING A GRAND NEW CHURCH
208
00:11:33,927 --> 00:11:36,463
{\an7}ON THE OPPOSITE SIDE
\h\h\hOF THE RIVER.
209
00:11:36,496 --> 00:11:39,165
{\an7}\hBUT APACHE RAIDS,
POLITICAL UPHEAVAL,
210
00:11:39,199 --> 00:11:44,705
{\an7}AND A LACK OF FUNDS FORCED THEM
TO QUIT BEFORE IT WAS DONE.
211
00:11:44,737 --> 00:11:48,975
{\an7}TODAY THEIR INCOMPLETE CHURCH,
\h\h\h\h\h\hCALLED TUMACACORI,
212
00:11:49,008 --> 00:11:52,211
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hIS THE CENTERPIECE
OF A NATIONAL HISTORIC PARK.
213
00:11:52,245 --> 00:11:54,981
{\an7}SOME WHO COME TO SEE IT
\h\hARE DRAWN BY RUMORS
214
00:11:55,014 --> 00:11:57,717
{\an7}\h\h\hTHAT THE SPANIARDS
LEFT SOMETHING BEHIND...
215
00:11:57,750 --> 00:12:01,520
{\an7}A FORTUNE IN GOLD BURIED
\hBENEATH THE SANCTUARY.
216
00:12:01,554 --> 00:12:03,756
{\an7}\h\hRECORDS SHOW THAT WHEN
THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE
217
00:12:03,790 --> 00:12:05,625
{\an7}TOOK OVER TUMACACORI,
218
00:12:05,658 --> 00:12:08,261
{\an7}IT FOUND SIGNS OF EXTENSIVE
\h\h\h\h\hTREASURE HUNTING,
219
00:12:08,294 --> 00:12:13,232
{\an7}INCLUDING A SUSPICIOUSLY LARGE
HOLE DUG UNDERNEATH THE ALTAR.
220
00:12:13,266 --> 00:12:16,503
{\an7}BY THEN THE CHURCH HAD BEEN
\hABANDONED FOR SIXTY YEARS,
221
00:12:16,536 --> 00:12:19,139
{\an7}A VICTIM OF CHANGING TIMES...
222
00:12:19,172 --> 00:12:22,175
{\an7}TIMES THAT WOULD GO ON
\hTO TRANSFORM ARIZONA
223
00:12:22,208 --> 00:12:24,277
{\an7}IN WAYS THE CONQUISTADORS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND COWBOYS
224
00:12:24,310 --> 00:12:26,579
{\an7}COULD NEVER HAVE IMAGINED.
225
00:12:26,613 --> 00:12:29,583
{\an7}\h\hFROM A FORMER COLONY
AND FRONTIER TERRITORY,
226
00:12:29,616 --> 00:12:32,319
{\an7}INTO A MODERN STATE
WHERE ONE GIANT CITY
227
00:12:32,352 --> 00:12:34,688
{\an7}HAS BEEN ABLE TO RISE
\h\hFROM THE DESERT...
228
00:12:34,721 --> 00:12:37,224
{\an7}THANKS TO A MEGA-ENGINEERING
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hPROJECT
229
00:12:37,257 --> 00:12:39,860
{\an7}THAT SNAKES ACROSS THE LAND.
230
00:12:44,864 --> 00:12:46,866
{\an7}\hWHEN DAWN BREAKS
OVER THE MOUNTAINS
231
00:12:46,899 --> 00:12:49,468
{\an7}EAST OF PHOENIX, ARIZONA,
232
00:12:49,502 --> 00:12:55,241
{\an7}\h\h\hIT’S EASY TO SEE WHY THIS
IS CALLED THE VALLEY OF THE SUN.
233
00:12:55,275 --> 00:13:01,281
{\an7}\hARIZONA’S SUNRISES ARE SOME OF
THE MOST COLORFUL IN THE WORLD.
234
00:13:01,314 --> 00:13:04,851
{\an7}\hTHESE PSYCHEDELIC SIDE EFFECTS
ARE NOT THE RESULT OF POLLUTION,
235
00:13:04,884 --> 00:13:06,252
{\an7}BUT CAUSED INSTEAD
236
00:13:06,286 --> 00:13:08,855
{\an7}\h\h\h\hBY THE DESERT’S
EXCEPTIONALLY CLEAN AIR,
237
00:13:08,888 --> 00:13:11,758
{\an7}\h\h\hWHICH ALLOWS THE NATURAL
SPECTRUM OF COLORS IN SUNLIGHT
238
00:13:11,791 --> 00:13:14,360
{\an7}TO SHINE THROUGH.
239
00:13:14,394 --> 00:13:15,695
{\an7}AND IN PHOENIX,
240
00:13:15,728 --> 00:13:19,198
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHERE’S NO BETTER PLACE
TO WITNESS THIS COLORFUL DISPLAY
241
00:13:19,232 --> 00:13:22,135
{\an7}THAN FROM THE TOP OF THIS ICONIC
2,700-FOOT PEAK,
242
00:13:22,168 --> 00:13:27,607
{\an7}\hKNOWN AS CAMELBACK MOUNTAIN,
THANKS TO ITS CAMEL-LIKE HUMP.
243
00:13:30,276 --> 00:13:33,746
{\an7}\h\hTO REACH THE TOP REQUIRES
CLIMBING MORE THAN 1,200 FEET
244
00:13:33,780 --> 00:13:36,349
{\an7}IN JUST OVER A MILE.
245
00:13:36,382 --> 00:13:37,984
{\an7}BUT THAT DOESN’T STOP MILLIONS
246
00:13:38,017 --> 00:13:42,788
{\an7}FROM REACHING THE SUMMIT
\h\h\h\h\h\hEVERY YEAR.
247
00:13:42,822 --> 00:13:45,925
{\an7}\h\h\hIT’S ALSO A PERFECT SPOT
TO TAKE IN BREATHTAKING VIEWS
248
00:13:45,958 --> 00:13:50,996
{\an7}OF ONE OF THE TEN LARGEST CITIES
IN THE NATION.
249
00:13:51,030 --> 00:13:53,132
{\an7}BUT IT’S A METROPOLIS THAT
\h\h\hHASN’T ALWAYS GROWN
250
00:13:53,166 --> 00:13:56,236
{\an7}THE WAY CITY PLANNERS
\h\h\h\h\hINTENDED...
251
00:13:56,269 --> 00:13:58,171
{\an7}LIKE THE TIME IN THE 1960s
252
00:13:58,204 --> 00:14:01,941
{\an7}\hWHEN CITY OFFICIALS SET OUT
TO BUILD A GRAND NEW SKYLINE,
253
00:14:01,974 --> 00:14:07,046
{\an7}\h\hAND ENDED UP GIVING PHOENIX
TWO SEPARATE DOWNTOWNS INSTEAD.
254
00:14:07,080 --> 00:14:09,983
{\an7}\hTHE DREAM WAS TO CREATE
A MANHATTAN IN THE DESERT
255
00:14:10,016 --> 00:14:12,685
{\an7}BY EXPANDING THE EXISTING
\h\hDOWNTOWN TO THE NORTH
256
00:14:12,719 --> 00:14:15,555
{\an7}AND FILLING IT WITH SKYSCRAPERS.
257
00:14:15,588 --> 00:14:18,391
{\an7}\h\hOPTIMISTIC DEVELOPERS
SOON BEGAN ERECTING TOWERS
258
00:14:18,424 --> 00:14:20,660
{\an7}IN THE CITY’S NEW NORTH END.
259
00:14:20,693 --> 00:14:23,596
{\an7}\h\hBUT THE PROBLEM WAS THAT
NO ONE ELSE STEPPED FORWARD
260
00:14:23,629 --> 00:14:25,965
{\an7}TO BUILD ON THE BLOCKS
\h\h\h\h\hIN BETWEEN,
261
00:14:25,998 --> 00:14:31,036
{\an7}\h\h\hAND SO PHOENIX ENDED UP
WITH TWO DOWNTOWNS BY MISTAKE.
262
00:14:31,070 --> 00:14:35,675
{\an7}TODAY PHOENIX LOOKS MORE LIKE
\hLOS ANGELES THAN MANHATTAN,
263
00:14:35,708 --> 00:14:38,511
{\an7}WITH SPRAWLING SUBURBS,
\h\h\h\h\hGREAT WEATHER,
264
00:14:38,544 --> 00:14:41,447
{\an7}AND ENDLESS TRAFFIC JAMS.
265
00:14:41,481 --> 00:14:42,782
{\an7}BUT THAT DOESN’T STOP MANY
266
00:14:42,815 --> 00:14:45,184
{\an7}OF AMERICA’S MOST PROMISING
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hYOUNG ATHLETES
267
00:14:45,218 --> 00:14:48,788
{\an7}FROM FLOCKING HERE TO PLAY BALL.
268
00:14:48,821 --> 00:14:50,990
{\an7}AS MANY AS 14 MAJOR LEAGUE
\h\h\h\h\h\hBASEBALL TEAMS
269
00:14:51,023 --> 00:14:55,761
{\an7}\h\h\hCOME TO CENTRAL ARIZONA
FOR SPRING TRAINING EACH YEAR.
270
00:14:55,795 --> 00:14:58,498
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHE METRO AREA IS DOTTED
WITH TRAINING CAMPS AND DIAMONDS
271
00:14:58,531 --> 00:15:00,299
{\an7}FOR THE VISITING TEAMS
272
00:15:00,333 --> 00:15:06,639
{\an7}\h\h\h\hAND THE DIAMONDBACKS,
WHO ALREADY CALL PHOENIX HOME.
273
00:15:06,672 --> 00:15:08,574
{\an7}BUT THIS ISN’T SPRING.
274
00:15:08,608 --> 00:15:10,777
{\an7}AND THIS ISN’T SPRING TRAINING.
275
00:15:10,810 --> 00:15:14,447
{\an7}\h\h\hIT’S AUTUMN, AND THIS
IS THE ARIZONA FALL LEAGUE,
276
00:15:14,480 --> 00:15:17,016
{\an7}AN ANNUAL SERIES SPONSORED
\hBY MAJOR LEAGUE BASEBALL
277
00:15:17,049 --> 00:15:19,885
{\an7}SINCE 1992.
278
00:15:19,919 --> 00:15:22,889
{\an7}EVERY MAJOR LEAGUE TEAM DRAFTS
\hSIX PROMISING YOUNG PLAYERS
279
00:15:22,922 --> 00:15:25,625
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hTO COMPETE
IN THE AFL EACH YEAR--
280
00:15:25,658 --> 00:15:29,195
{\an7}AND SENDS ITS SCOUTS, MANAGERS
\hAND COACHES ALONG TO WATCH.
281
00:15:29,228 --> 00:15:32,598
{\an7}\h\hWHICH MEANS THESE PLAYERS
AREN’T JUST HERE TO WIN GAMES.
282
00:15:32,632 --> 00:15:36,336
{\an7}THEY’RE HERE TO WIN A SPOT
\h\hIN THE MAJOR LEAGUES.
283
00:15:36,369 --> 00:15:40,306
{\an7}\h\hSOME--LIKE AFL ALUMNI
DEREK JETER, JASON GIAMBI
284
00:15:40,339 --> 00:15:42,174
{\an7}AND ALBERT PUJOLS BEFORE THEM--
285
00:15:42,208 --> 00:15:45,111
{\an7}WILL GET CALLED BACK
FOR SPRING TRAINING.
286
00:15:45,144 --> 00:15:46,812
{\an7}SOME WON’T.
287
00:15:46,846 --> 00:15:48,715
{\an7}THAT’S WHAT HAPPENED
\hTO MICHAEL JORDAN,
288
00:15:48,748 --> 00:15:54,787
{\an7}\hWHO PLAYED IN THE AFL IN 1994,
BEFORE HEADING BACK TO THE NBA.
289
00:15:54,821 --> 00:15:57,123
{\an7}BUT MANY SPORTS FANS
\h\hCOME TO ARIZONA
290
00:15:57,156 --> 00:15:59,725
{\an7}WITH AN ENTIRELY DIFFERENT GAME
IN MIND...
291
00:15:59,759 --> 00:16:02,562
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hONE THEY PLAY
ON MORE THAN 250 COURSES
292
00:16:02,595 --> 00:16:06,466
{\an7}THAT MAKE METRO PHOENIX
\h\hA GOLFER’S PARADISE.
293
00:16:06,499 --> 00:16:10,803
{\an7}IN THE EARLY DAYS THE COURSES
\hHERE WERE ALL MADE OF SAND.
294
00:16:10,837 --> 00:16:15,308
{\an7}\h\hBUT IN 1913 PHOENIX GOT
ITS FIRST GRASS GOLF COURSE.
295
00:16:15,341 --> 00:16:16,976
{\an7}AND IN THIS DESERT STATE,
296
00:16:17,009 --> 00:16:20,145
{\an7}\h\h\hIT TAKES A LOT OF WATER
TO KEEP ALL THAT GRASS GREEN--
297
00:16:20,179 --> 00:16:22,148
{\an7}WHICH IS WHY THESE COURSES
\h\h\h\h\h\hARE REGULATED,
298
00:16:22,181 --> 00:16:23,649
{\an7}AND ONLY ALLOWED
A CERTAIN NUMBER
299
00:16:23,683 --> 00:16:26,719
{\an7}OF ACRES OF GRASS PER HOLE.
300
00:16:26,752 --> 00:16:30,456
{\an7}NATURAL WATER SOURCES IN PHOENIX
MAY BE SCARCE,
301
00:16:30,490 --> 00:16:31,992
{\an7}BUT ARIZONA ITSELF LIES
302
00:16:32,024 --> 00:16:38,097
{\an7}ON ONE OF THE GREATEST SOURCES
\h\h\h\hOF WATER IN THE WEST.
303
00:16:38,130 --> 00:16:41,133
{\an7}\h\h\hHERE, ON THE STATE’S
NORTHERN BORDER WITH UTAH,
304
00:16:41,167 --> 00:16:45,004
{\an7}\h\hTHERE’S PLENTY OF WATER,
AS FAR AS THE EYE CAN SEE...
305
00:16:45,037 --> 00:16:50,776
{\an7}THANKS TO THE GLEN CANYON DAM,
\h\h\h\hON THE COLORADO RIVER.
306
00:16:50,810 --> 00:16:54,580
{\an7}HAILED AS AN ENGINEERING MARVEL
ON ITS COMPLETION IN 1964,
307
00:16:54,614 --> 00:16:57,250
{\an7}THE DAM IS THE 4th HIGHEST
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN THE U.S.
308
00:16:57,283 --> 00:17:00,753
{\an7}\h\h\hAND REQUIRED MORE CONCRETE
TO BUILD THAN THE HOOVER DAM...
309
00:17:00,786 --> 00:17:03,722
{\an7}FOUR MILLION CUBIC YARDS OF IT!
310
00:17:06,225 --> 00:17:09,061
{\an7}BEHIND THE DAM, LAKE POWELL
\h\h\h\h\hHOLDS ENOUGH WATER
311
00:17:09,095 --> 00:17:14,834
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTO MEET THE NEEDS OF
30 MILLION FAMILIES A YEAR.
312
00:17:14,867 --> 00:17:19,338
{\an7}\h\hBUT ARIZONA’S NOT ALLOWED TO
TAKE ALL THIS WATER FOR ITSELF.
313
00:17:19,372 --> 00:17:22,876
{\an7}IN 1922, IT AND SIX OTHER STATES
314
00:17:22,909 --> 00:17:26,012
{\an7}AGREED TO SHARE THE WATER
FROM THE COLORADO RIVER--
315
00:17:26,045 --> 00:17:29,949
{\an7}AND THEY’VE BEEN FIGHTING ABOUT
HOW TO SPLIT IT UP EVER SINCE.
316
00:17:29,982 --> 00:17:31,450
{\an7}TO CLAIM ITS SHARE--
317
00:17:31,484 --> 00:17:32,986
{\an7}AND TO GET THE WATER
\h\hFROM THIS RIVER
318
00:17:33,019 --> 00:17:35,588
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTO PLACES LIKE PHOENIX
AND TUCSON WHERE IT’S NEEDED--
319
00:17:35,621 --> 00:17:42,795
{\an7}TOOK A GIANT FEAT OF ENGINEERING
AND TWO DECADES OF CONSTRUCTION.
320
00:17:42,828 --> 00:17:45,197
{\an7}FIRST, ENGINEERS BUILT
\h\h\hAN INTAKE VALVE
321
00:17:45,231 --> 00:17:48,601
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAT LAKE HAVASU
ON ARIZONA’S WESTERN BORDER.
322
00:17:48,634 --> 00:17:51,837
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hTHEN THEY CARVED
A GIANT MODERN-DAY AQUEDUCT
323
00:17:51,871 --> 00:17:53,439
{\an7}INTO THE LAND.
324
00:17:53,472 --> 00:17:56,775
{\an7}IT SNAKES EAST ACROSS
THE ARIZONA DESERT...
325
00:17:56,809 --> 00:17:58,944
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAND CONSISTS
OF MORE THAN 300 MILES
326
00:17:58,978 --> 00:18:02,315
{\an7}OF OPEN CANALS, PIPELINES
\h\h\h\h\h\hAND TUNNELS...
327
00:18:02,348 --> 00:18:05,351
{\an7}CARRYING PRECIOUS WATER
FROM THE COLORADO RIVER
328
00:18:05,384 --> 00:18:10,723
{\an7}\hTO MILLIONS IN PHOENIX,
AND THEN SOUTH TO TUCSON.
329
00:18:10,756 --> 00:18:15,694
{\an7}IT’S CALLED THE CENTRAL ARIZONA
PROJECT, OR "CAP."
330
00:18:15,728 --> 00:18:19,432
{\an7}CONSTRUCTION OF THIS WATER
\h\hNETWORK BEGAN IN 1973,
331
00:18:19,465 --> 00:18:21,367
{\an7}BUT IT WASN’T EASY.
332
00:18:21,400 --> 00:18:23,836
{\an7}TUNNELS LIKE THIS ONE,
\h\h\hWEST OF PHOENIX,
333
00:18:23,869 --> 00:18:27,005
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hHAD TO BE CARVED
RIGHT THROUGH THE MOUNTAINS.
334
00:18:27,039 --> 00:18:29,408
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hWITHOUT THE CAP,
THE DEVELOPMENT OF PHOENIX
335
00:18:29,442 --> 00:18:31,177
{\an7}WOULD HAVE HIT A WALL.
336
00:18:31,210 --> 00:18:33,379
{\an7}TOWERS LIKE THIS ONE
ON PHOENIX’S SKYLINE
337
00:18:33,412 --> 00:18:35,014
{\an7}MIGHT NOT EXIST,
338
00:18:35,047 --> 00:18:38,384
{\an7}AND THE CITY’S GIANT POPULATION
EXPLOSION IN RECENT YEARS
339
00:18:38,417 --> 00:18:40,953
{\an7}WOULD HAVE NEVER BEEN POSSIBLE.
340
00:18:40,987 --> 00:18:43,790
{\an7}\h\h\hBUT THERE’S A PRICE
FOR PHOENIX’S READY SUPPLY
341
00:18:43,823 --> 00:18:45,525
{\an7}OF FRESH WATER.
342
00:18:45,558 --> 00:18:49,062
{\an7}TO POWER THE PUMPS THAT KEEP
THE WATER IN THE CAP FLOWING
343
00:18:49,095 --> 00:18:51,831
{\an7}REQUIRES A LOT OF ENERGY.
344
00:18:53,466 --> 00:18:56,736
{\an7}AND MOST OF THAT ENERGY COMES
\h\h\h\h\h\hFROM ONE FACILITY,
345
00:18:56,769 --> 00:18:58,771
{\an7}RIGHT HERE IN THE STATE.
346
00:18:58,804 --> 00:19:03,208
{\an7}\hIT’S ONE OF THE MOST DRAMATIC
SIGHTS IN ARIZONA FROM THE AIR.
347
00:19:03,242 --> 00:19:05,444
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hSUNRISE,
THROUGH THE BELCHING STACKS
348
00:19:05,478 --> 00:19:07,647
{\an7}\h\h\hOF THE NAVAJO
GENERATING STATION,
349
00:19:07,680 --> 00:19:10,683
{\an7}JUST OUTSIDE THE TOWN OF PAGE.
350
00:19:10,716 --> 00:19:13,352
{\an7}NEARLY 25 PERCENT OF THE POWER
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hFROM THIS PLANT
351
00:19:13,386 --> 00:19:16,422
{\an7}HAS BEEN PURCHASED BY THE CAP
TO KEEP ITS AQUEDUCTS WORKING
352
00:19:16,455 --> 00:19:20,759
{\an7}AND THE WATER RUNNING
\h\h\h\h\hIN PHOENIX.
353
00:19:20,793 --> 00:19:23,529
{\an7}BUT THIS COAL-FIRED PLANT
\h\h\h\h\hHAS BEEN LABELED
354
00:19:23,562 --> 00:19:25,731
{\an7}ONE OF THE MOST POLLUTING
\h\h\h\h\h\hIN THE NATION,
355
00:19:25,765 --> 00:19:28,034
{\an7}SPEWING OUT HIGH LEVELS
\h\h\hOF NITROGEN OXIDES
356
00:19:28,067 --> 00:19:31,470
{\an7}FROM ITS THREE TOWERING
\h\h\h600-FOOT CHIMNEYS.
357
00:19:31,504 --> 00:19:34,173
{\an7}POLLUTION THAT NEARLY
\h\h\hBLOCKS THE SUN--
358
00:19:34,206 --> 00:19:38,977
{\an7}AND THREATENS THE VIEWS OF SOME
OF AMERICA’S FINEST SCENERY,
359
00:19:39,011 --> 00:19:41,981
{\an7}\h\h\h\hAND THE HEALTH OF THOSE
LIVING ON THE NAVAJO RESERVATION
360
00:19:42,014 --> 00:19:44,083
{\an7}ON WHICH IT STANDS.
361
00:19:44,116 --> 00:19:45,551
{\an7}IT’S WHY TRIBAL OFFICIALS
362
00:19:45,584 --> 00:19:47,886
{\an7}ARE LOOKING INTO DEVELOPING
\hALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES
363
00:19:47,920 --> 00:19:52,691
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTO HELP CLEAR THE AIR,
INCLUDING A PROPOSED WIND FARM.
364
00:19:52,725 --> 00:19:56,362
{\an7}UNTIL THAT AND OTHER CLEANER
ENERGY SOURCES COME ON LINE,
365
00:19:56,395 --> 00:19:58,497
{\an7}MORE THAN 35 PERCENT
\h\h\h\hOF ARIZONANS
366
00:19:58,531 --> 00:20:01,734
{\an7}WILL CONTINUE TO DEPEND
ON COAL FOR THEIR POWER.
367
00:20:01,767 --> 00:20:04,703
{\an7}AND 25 PERCENT MORE
\h\hWILL GET THEIRS
368
00:20:04,737 --> 00:20:08,441
{\an7}\h\hFROM AN EVEN MORE
CONTROVERSIAL SOURCE:
369
00:20:08,474 --> 00:20:11,877
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE PALO VERDE
NUCLEAR GENERATING STATION.
370
00:20:11,911 --> 00:20:13,279
{\an7}SPRAWLING ACROSS THE DESERT
371
00:20:13,312 --> 00:20:16,282
{\an7}\hJUST 55 MILES WEST
OF DOWNTOWN PHOENIX,
372
00:20:16,315 --> 00:20:19,385
{\an7}PALO VERDE IS THE LARGEST
\h\h\hNUCLEAR POWER PLANT
373
00:20:19,418 --> 00:20:21,387
{\an7}IN THE UNITED STATES.
374
00:20:21,420 --> 00:20:22,888
{\an7}ITS THREE REACTORS CAN PRODUCE
375
00:20:22,922 --> 00:20:25,658
{\an7}MORE THAN 4,000 MEGAWATTS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hA YEAR,
376
00:20:25,691 --> 00:20:28,594
{\an7}ENOUGH FOR ABOUT
1 MILLION HOMES.
377
00:20:28,627 --> 00:20:30,863
{\an7}WHEN IT WAS BEING BUILT
\h\h\h\h\hIN THE 1980s,
378
00:20:30,896 --> 00:20:34,233
{\an7}\h\h\h\hENVIRONMENTALISTS WARNED
ITS LOCATION UPWIND FROM PHOENIX
379
00:20:34,266 --> 00:20:37,536
{\an7}COULD MAKE AN ACCIDENT
\h\hESPECIALLY DEADLY.
380
00:20:37,570 --> 00:20:40,273
{\an7}THE REGION’S EVER GROWING NEED
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hFOR POWER--
381
00:20:40,306 --> 00:20:42,842
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND REASSURANCE
THAT THE PLANT WOULD BE SAFE--
382
00:20:42,875 --> 00:20:45,144
{\an7}TRUMPED THEIR CONCERNS.
383
00:20:45,177 --> 00:20:47,046
{\an7}BUT THE LOCATION POSED
\h\hANOTHER CHALLENGE
384
00:20:47,079 --> 00:20:48,948
{\an7}TO THE ENGINEERS DESIGNING IT.
385
00:20:48,981 --> 00:20:50,983
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTO MAKE SURE THAT
A NUCLEAR PLANT’S FUEL RODS
386
00:20:51,016 --> 00:20:53,352
{\an7}DON’T OVERHEAT AND MELT DOWN,
387
00:20:53,385 --> 00:20:57,155
{\an7}\h\hA CONSTANT FLOW OF LIQUID
IS REQUIRED TO KEEP THEM COOL.
388
00:20:57,189 --> 00:21:00,192
{\an7}MOST NUCLEAR PLANTS ARE BUILT
\h\h\h\h\hNEAR LAKES OR RIVERS
389
00:21:00,226 --> 00:21:02,995
{\an7}THAT SUPPLY WATER
\hTO DO THAT JOB.
390
00:21:03,028 --> 00:21:05,831
{\an7}BUT ENGINEERS DESIGNING
\h\hTHIS DESERT FACILITY
391
00:21:05,865 --> 00:21:08,835
{\an7}\h\h\h\hHAD TO COME UP
WITH ANOTHER SOLUTION.
392
00:21:08,868 --> 00:21:11,571
{\an7}THEY DECIDED TO USE PONDS
\h\hOF TREATED WASTEWATER
393
00:21:11,604 --> 00:21:15,274
{\an7}\hFROM HOMES AND INDUSTRIES
IN THE PHOENIX AREA INSTEAD.
394
00:21:15,307 --> 00:21:18,076
{\an7}\hBY RE-USING WASTE
TO HELP MAKE ENERGY,
395
00:21:18,110 --> 00:21:22,381
{\an7}\hPALO VERDE IS ABLE TO PROVIDE
THE POWER THAT PHOENIX NEEDS...
396
00:21:22,414 --> 00:21:26,485
{\an7}\hAND HELP KEEP THE LIGHTS ON
IN EVERY CORNER OF THE STATE,
397
00:21:26,519 --> 00:21:30,623
{\an7}\h\h\hFROM SUBURBAN HOMES
TO DOWNTOWN SKYSCRAPERS...
398
00:21:30,656 --> 00:21:33,692
{\an7}TO THE ARIZONA STATE FAIR,
399
00:21:33,726 --> 00:21:37,797
{\an7}A SPARKLING SPECTACLE WITH ROOTS
THAT GO BACK TO 1884,
400
00:21:37,830 --> 00:21:41,400
{\an7}LONG BEFORE ARIZONA
\hWAS EVEN A STATE.
401
00:21:41,433 --> 00:21:43,468
{\an7}TODAY THE FAIR OFFERS VISITORS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hEVERYTHING
402
00:21:43,502 --> 00:21:48,974
{\an7}FROM LIVESTOCK EXHIBITIONS,
\hTO CONCERTS, TO PIG RACES.
403
00:21:49,008 --> 00:21:51,577
{\an7}BUT IT’S THE RIDES
THAT PACK THEM IN.
404
00:21:51,610 --> 00:21:56,181
{\an7}A MILLION OR MORE FUN-SEEKERS
\h\h\h\hCOME HERE EVERY YEAR,
405
00:21:56,215 --> 00:22:00,419
{\an7}TO LET THEIR KIDS LOOSE
\hIN THE MOSCOW CIRCUS,
406
00:22:00,452 --> 00:22:03,789
{\an7}TAKE A TERRIFYING PLUNGE,
407
00:22:03,823 --> 00:22:06,793
{\an7}OR GRAB A RELAXING BREAK
\hATOP THE FERRIS WHEEL,
408
00:22:06,826 --> 00:22:11,531
{\an7}TO WATCH THE DESERT SUN GO DOWN.
409
00:22:11,564 --> 00:22:14,901
{\an7}BUT EVEN THE SIGHT OF PHOENIX
\h\hFROM HIGH ABOVE IS NOTHING
410
00:22:14,934 --> 00:22:17,937
{\an7}COMPARED TO THE EXPERIENCE
\h\hOF STANDING ON THE RIM
411
00:22:17,970 --> 00:22:20,573
{\an7}OF WHAT MAY WELL BE AMERICA’S
412
00:22:20,606 --> 00:22:24,510
{\an7}MOST AWE-INSPIRING
NATURAL LANDMARK.
413
00:22:30,416 --> 00:22:32,685
{\an7}50,000 YEARS AGO,
414
00:22:32,718 --> 00:22:37,323
{\an7}ONE OF AMERICA’S MOST DRAMATIC
\h\h\h\h\hLANDSCAPES WAS BORN.
415
00:22:37,356 --> 00:22:40,059
{\an7}A GIANT BOWL OF EARTH AND ROCK,
416
00:22:40,092 --> 00:22:44,830
{\an7}FORMED BY A GREAT COSMIC EVENT
\h\h\h\hIN THE ARIZONA DESERT.
417
00:22:44,864 --> 00:22:47,767
{\an7}IT HAPPENED IN THE BLINK
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF AN EYE.
418
00:22:47,800 --> 00:22:51,270
{\an7}\hA METEORITE TRAVELING
AT 26,000 MILES PER HOUR
419
00:22:51,303 --> 00:22:53,806
{\an7}\h\h\h\hPASSED THROUGH
THE EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE
420
00:22:53,839 --> 00:22:56,141
{\an7}\hAND SLAMMED INTO
THE ARIZONA DESERT
421
00:22:56,175 --> 00:22:57,610
{\an7}WITH AN IMPACT EQUIVALENT
422
00:22:57,643 --> 00:23:01,747
{\an7}TO MORE THAN 2.5 MILLION TONS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF TNT--
423
00:23:01,780 --> 00:23:08,587
{\an7}CREATING AN EXPLOSION 150 TIMES
STRONGER THAN AN ATOMIC BOMB.
424
00:23:08,621 --> 00:23:11,023
{\an7}THE METEORITE MELTED ON CONTACT,
425
00:23:11,056 --> 00:23:14,293
{\an7}SENDING A SPRAY OF MOLTEN METAL
AND PULVERIZED ROCK
426
00:23:14,326 --> 00:23:17,329
{\an7}FOR A MILE IN EVERY DIRECTION.
427
00:23:17,363 --> 00:23:21,901
{\an7}BUT IT LEFT BEHIND ONE OF THE
WORLD’S MOST UNIQUE LANDMARKS,
428
00:23:21,934 --> 00:23:25,738
{\an7}A PLACE KNOWN TODAY
\hAS METEOR CRATER.
429
00:23:27,539 --> 00:23:32,577
{\an7}\h\hALMOST ONE MILE ACROSS,
AND MORE THAN 550 FEET DEEP,
430
00:23:32,611 --> 00:23:34,279
{\an7}IT’S AN EERIE REMINDER
431
00:23:34,313 --> 00:23:38,450
{\an7}OF JUST HOW VULNERABLE
\hPLANET EARTH CAN BE.
432
00:23:38,484 --> 00:23:40,753
{\an7}METEOR CRATER WOULD HAVE BEEN
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hA FAMILIAR SIGHT
433
00:23:40,786 --> 00:23:44,523
{\an7}TO ARIZONA’S EARLY PEOPLE,
\h\h\h\hLIKE THE SINAGUA.
434
00:23:44,556 --> 00:23:47,793
{\an7}\h\h\h\hWHEN SPANISH AND MEXICAN
TRAVELERS FIRST SET EYES ON IT,
435
00:23:47,826 --> 00:23:50,429
{\an7}THEY MUST HAVE FELT LIKE
THEY’D BEEN TRANSPORTED
436
00:23:50,462 --> 00:23:52,898
{\an7}TO ANOTHER WORLD.
437
00:23:52,932 --> 00:23:54,200
{\an7}\h\h\hBUT THE SIGHT
OF THE METEOR CRATER
438
00:23:54,233 --> 00:23:55,501
{\an7}WAS STILL NOTHING
439
00:23:55,534 --> 00:23:59,571
{\an7}COMPARED TO WHAT ELSE LAY AHEAD
IN THE ARIZONA DESERT.
440
00:23:59,605 --> 00:24:04,410
{\an7}IN 1821, THE LAND THAT’S NOW
\h\h\hARIZONA CHANGED HANDS
441
00:24:04,443 --> 00:24:07,446
{\an7}WHEN MEXICO WON ITS INDEPENDENCE
FROM SPAIN,
442
00:24:07,479 --> 00:24:09,648
{\an7}AND ARIZONA’S DESERTS
\h\h\h\hAND MOUNTAINS
443
00:24:09,682 --> 00:24:13,853
{\an7}\hBECAME PART OF MEXICO’S
NEW NORTHERN TERRITORIES.
444
00:24:13,886 --> 00:24:16,422
{\an7}BUT BY THE 1840s AMERICANS,
445
00:24:16,455 --> 00:24:19,558
{\an7}\h\hDRIVEN BY A PHILOSOPHY
KNOWN AS MANIFEST DESTINY,
446
00:24:19,591 --> 00:24:23,128
{\an7}\hSOUGHT TO MAKE THIS LAND
PART OF THE UNITED STATES.
447
00:24:23,162 --> 00:24:27,466
{\an7}\h\h\h\hAFTER AMERICA WON
THE 1848 U.S.-MEXICAN WAR,
448
00:24:27,499 --> 00:24:31,436
{\an7}\h\hMUCH OF THE SOUTHWEST,
FROM TEXAS TO CALIFORNIA,
449
00:24:31,470 --> 00:24:34,473
{\an7}OFFICIALLY BECAME
\hU.S. TERRITORY,
450
00:24:34,506 --> 00:24:37,876
{\an7}INCLUDING WHAT WOULD LATER
\h\h\h\h\hBECOME ARIZONA.
451
00:24:37,910 --> 00:24:40,780
{\an7}\hBUT THE SOUTHWEST
WAS SUCH A BIG AREA
452
00:24:40,813 --> 00:24:43,316
{\an7}THAT LITTLE WAS KNOWN
\hABOUT THIS NEW LAND,
453
00:24:43,349 --> 00:24:47,787
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAND WHAT EXACTLY
THE UNITED STATES HAD WON.
454
00:24:47,820 --> 00:24:50,056
{\an7}NO ONE KNEW THAT IT HELD
\h\h\hWHAT WOULD BECOME
455
00:24:50,089 --> 00:24:53,059
{\an7}\h\h\hONE OF AMERICA’S
GREATEST TREASURES...
456
00:24:53,092 --> 00:24:55,595
{\an7}\h\h\hA GIANT CHASM
BIGGER THAN ANYTHING
457
00:24:55,627 --> 00:24:58,163
{\an7}ON THE NORTH AMERICAN CONTINENT.
458
00:24:58,197 --> 00:25:00,866
{\an7}A PLACE SO DAUNTING IN SCALE
459
00:25:00,899 --> 00:25:06,338
{\an7}NO AMERICAN HAD YET MANAGED
TO JOURNEY INTO ITS DEPTHS.
460
00:25:06,372 --> 00:25:10,443
{\an7}\hA PLACE NOW KNOWN
AS THE GRAND CANYON!
461
00:25:14,046 --> 00:25:19,084
{\an7}TODAY VISITORS COME TO ITS RIM
\hTO BE THRILLED AND UNNERVED.
462
00:25:19,118 --> 00:25:21,988
{\an7}\h\hBUT WHEN EARLY EUROPEAN
TRAVELERS FIRST STOOD HERE,
463
00:25:22,021 --> 00:25:27,026
{\an7}THEY SIMPLY COULD NOT COMPREHEND
THE CANYON’S ENORMOUS SCALE.
464
00:25:28,627 --> 00:25:32,531
{\an7}\h\h\h\hA SPANISH CONQUISTADOR
NAMED GARCIA LOPEZ DE CARDENAS
465
00:25:32,564 --> 00:25:33,999
{\an7}WAS ONE OF THE VERY FIRST
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTRAVELERS
466
00:25:34,033 --> 00:25:38,905
{\an7}TO SET EYES ON THE GRAND CANYON.
467
00:25:38,937 --> 00:25:40,839
{\an7}WHEN HE ARRIVED IN 1540
468
00:25:40,873 --> 00:25:43,876
{\an7}HE LITERALLY COULDN’T BELIEVE
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hHIS EYES.
469
00:25:43,909 --> 00:25:48,881
{\an7}HE WAS CONVINCED IT HAD TO BE
\hMUCH SMALLER THAN IT LOOKED.
470
00:25:48,914 --> 00:25:51,283
{\an7}BUT THEN HE AND HIS MEN
\h\h\h\hSPENT THREE DAYS
471
00:25:51,316 --> 00:25:52,851
{\an7}TRYING TO FIND A WAY TO DESCEND
472
00:25:52,885 --> 00:25:56,689
{\an7}TO THE COLORADO RIVER
\hON THE CANYON FLOOR.
473
00:25:56,722 --> 00:26:00,593
{\an7}THEY FINALLY GAVE UP AND HEADED
BACK THE WAY THEY’D COME,
474
00:26:00,626 --> 00:26:04,430
{\an7}AND CARDENAS DECLARED
THE CANYON IMPASSABLE.
475
00:26:07,699 --> 00:26:11,002
{\an7}FOR THE NEXT 300 YEARS THE AREA
WOULD ONLY BE EXPLORED
476
00:26:11,036 --> 00:26:14,640
{\an7}BY THE NATIVE AMERICAN TRIBES
\h\hTHAT ALREADY KNEW IT WELL,
477
00:26:14,673 --> 00:26:19,044
{\an7}INCLUDING THE HOPI, HAVASUPAI
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND HUALAPAI.
478
00:26:19,078 --> 00:26:21,614
{\an7}BUT THEN, IN 1857,
479
00:26:21,647 --> 00:26:24,250
{\an7}A U.S. ARMY LIEUTENANT
\h\hNAMED JOSEPH IVES
480
00:26:24,283 --> 00:26:26,752
{\an7}LAUNCHED AN EXPEDITION
\h\h\hUP THE COLORADO,
481
00:26:26,785 --> 00:26:28,854
{\an7}IN A STEAM-POWERED BOAT--
482
00:26:28,887 --> 00:26:31,056
{\an7}HOPING TO BE THE FIRST
\hTO JOURNEY BY RIVER
483
00:26:31,090 --> 00:26:33,693
{\an7}THROUGH THE ENTIRE CANYON.
484
00:26:33,725 --> 00:26:37,362
{\an7}\h\hBUT IVES’ ATTEMPT FLOUNDERED
WHEN RAPIDS SHATTERED THE BOAT,
485
00:26:37,396 --> 00:26:42,101
{\an7}FORCING HIM AND HIS MEN
\h\h\hTO WALK BACK OUT.
486
00:26:42,134 --> 00:26:45,838
{\an7}LATER, IVES COMPARED WHAT HE’D
\h\hSEEN TO THE GATES OF HELL,
487
00:26:45,871 --> 00:26:47,039
{\an7}AND PREDICTED HIS WOULD BE
488
00:26:47,072 --> 00:26:48,840
{\an7}THE FIRST AND LAST PARTY
\h\h\h\h\h\hOF WHITE MEN
489
00:26:48,874 --> 00:26:55,247
{\an7}\hTO ATTEMPT TO REACH WHAT HE
CALLED ITS "VALUELESS" DEPTHS.
490
00:26:55,280 --> 00:26:56,715
{\an7}BUT A DECADE LATER,
491
00:26:56,748 --> 00:27:00,051
{\an7}A UNION VETERAN OF THE CIVIL WAR
NAMED JOHN WESLEY POWELL
492
00:27:00,085 --> 00:27:02,020
{\an7}LAUNCHED A NEW EXPEDITION.
493
00:27:02,054 --> 00:27:05,090
{\an7}BUT THIS TIME HE AND HIS TEAM
\h\h\h\h\hWOULD TRY TO TRAVEL
494
00:27:05,124 --> 00:27:08,427
{\an7}DOWN THE COLORADO RIVER,
\h\h\h\h\hINSTEAD OF UP.
495
00:27:10,662 --> 00:27:12,797
{\an7}POWELL, A GEOLOGIST AND ONE
496
00:27:12,831 --> 00:27:15,767
{\an7}OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION’S
FIRST ETHNOGRAPHERS,
497
00:27:15,801 --> 00:27:17,536
{\an7}WAS HOPING TO GATHER EVIDENCE
498
00:27:17,569 --> 00:27:21,606
{\an7}THAT COULD UNLOCK THE MYSTERIES
OF HOW THE CANYON WAS FORMED.
499
00:27:25,010 --> 00:27:29,581
{\an7}ON MAY 24, 1869, POWELL
\hAND HIS NINE-MAN TEAM
500
00:27:29,615 --> 00:27:31,951
{\an7}LAUNCHED THEIR EXPEDITION
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN WYOMING,
501
00:27:31,984 --> 00:27:34,854
{\an7}\h\h\h\hON A TRIBUTARY
OF THE COLORADO RIVER.
502
00:27:34,887 --> 00:27:39,458
{\an7}BY AUGUST, THE TEAM HAD FINALLY
CROSSED INTO WHAT’S NOW ARIZONA,
503
00:27:39,491 --> 00:27:41,059
{\an7}AND STARTED THEIR DARING ATTEMPT
504
00:27:41,093 --> 00:27:44,330
{\an7}TO JOURNEY THROUGH
THE ENTIRE CANYON.
505
00:27:46,598 --> 00:27:50,669
{\an7}\h\hSOON, STEEP WALLS SOARED
MORE THAN A MILE ABOVE THEM,
506
00:27:50,702 --> 00:27:53,638
{\an7}FILLING POWELL WITH DREAD.
507
00:27:53,672 --> 00:27:56,775
{\an7}BUT ON THE BANKS OF THE RIVER
\h\hHE FOUND EXCITING EVIDENCE
508
00:27:56,808 --> 00:28:00,612
{\an7}\hTHAT THIS FORBIDDING LANDSCAPE
WAS ONCE HOME TO NATIVE CULTURES
509
00:28:00,646 --> 00:28:04,383
{\an7}THAT APPEARED TO HAVE FLOURISHED
ALONG THE CANYON FLOOR.
510
00:28:04,416 --> 00:28:07,853
{\an7}HERE WHERE THE COLORADO RIVER
\h\hMEETS THE LITTLE COLORADO,
511
00:28:07,886 --> 00:28:11,323
{\an7}HE FOUND WALKING TRAILS,
RUINS, POTTERY FRAGMENTS
512
00:28:11,356 --> 00:28:15,193
{\an7}AND PETROGLYPHS OF THESE
\hEARLY CANYON DWELLERS.
513
00:28:15,227 --> 00:28:19,431
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTODAY THEY’RE KNOWN
AS THE ANCIENT PUEBLO PEOPLE.
514
00:28:19,464 --> 00:28:23,335
{\an7}THEY BEGAN MAKING THEIR HOMES
\h\h\hHERE IN THE 8th CENTURY.
515
00:28:23,368 --> 00:28:27,906
{\an7}FOR GENERATIONS THEY FARMED
\hTHE RIVER’S FERTILE BANKS.
516
00:28:27,940 --> 00:28:30,142
{\an7}AND NO SITE IN THE CANYON
\h\h\h\hHAS REVEALED MORE
517
00:28:30,175 --> 00:28:33,045
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hABOUT THE LIVES
OF THE ANCIENT PUEBLO PEOPLE
518
00:28:33,078 --> 00:28:36,582
{\an7}\hTHAN A PLACE KNOWN
AS THE UNKAR DELTA.
519
00:28:36,615 --> 00:28:39,551
{\an7}\h\hRESEARCHERS NOW KNOW
THAT NOMADS AND FARMERS
520
00:28:39,585 --> 00:28:42,388
{\an7}ARRIVED HERE AT THIS CURVE
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN THE RIVER
521
00:28:42,421 --> 00:28:45,224
{\an7}AS EARLY AS THE YEAR 700.
522
00:28:45,257 --> 00:28:47,960
{\an7}BUT THEY WERE GONE
\hBY AROUND 1150,
523
00:28:47,993 --> 00:28:51,129
{\an7}\h\h\hAFTER SEVERE DROUGHT
FINALLY DROVE THEM AWAY...
524
00:28:51,163 --> 00:28:53,732
{\an7}\h\h\hLEAVING BEHIND ONE
OF THE CANYON’S LARGEST
525
00:28:53,765 --> 00:28:56,935
{\an7}AND BEST PRESERVED
\h\hANCIENT SITES.
526
00:28:56,969 --> 00:28:59,538
{\an7}IT’S ONE OF MORE THAN 4,000
\hKNOWN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES
527
00:28:59,571 --> 00:29:01,273
{\an7}IN THE GRAND CANYON--
528
00:29:01,306 --> 00:29:03,842
{\an7}THOUGH THERE COULD BE
\h\h\hTHOUSANDS MORE.
529
00:29:03,875 --> 00:29:07,011
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hONLY FIVE PERCENT OF
THE GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK
530
00:29:07,045 --> 00:29:11,616
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hHAS BEEN EXPLORED
FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL REMAINS.
531
00:29:11,650 --> 00:29:14,186
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAS POWELL AND HIS MEN
WORKED THEIR WAY DOWN THE RIVER,
532
00:29:14,219 --> 00:29:16,488
{\an7}\h\hTHEY ALSO GATHERED EVIDENCE
THAT WOULD HELP THEM UNDERSTAND
533
00:29:16,521 --> 00:29:19,357
{\an7}\hHOW THE GRAND CANYON
MAY HAVE BEEN FORMED--
534
00:29:19,391 --> 00:29:22,728
{\an7}STRIKING THE FIRST BLOWS
\hIN A SCIENTIFIC QUEST
535
00:29:22,761 --> 00:29:25,731
{\an7}THAT CONTINUES TO THIS DAY.
536
00:29:25,764 --> 00:29:27,366
{\an7}WHILE SCIENTISTS
STILL DON’T KNOW
537
00:29:27,399 --> 00:29:29,902
{\an7}EXACTLY HOW THE CANYON
\h\h\h\h\hWAS CREATED,
538
00:29:29,935 --> 00:29:32,271
{\an7}THEY DO KNOW THAT ITS STORY
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hSTRETCHES BACK
539
00:29:32,304 --> 00:29:35,174
{\an7}MORE THAN 1.5 BILLION YEARS,
540
00:29:35,207 --> 00:29:37,409
{\an7}THANKS TO COLORFUL LAYERS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF ROCK
541
00:29:37,442 --> 00:29:40,779
{\an7}\hTHAT ARE NOW EXPOSED
IN THE CANYON’S WALLS.
542
00:29:40,812 --> 00:29:42,547
{\an7}THE OLDEST OF THESE
\h\hIS A BLACK ROCK
543
00:29:42,581 --> 00:29:46,919
{\an7}KNOWN AS VISHNU SCHIST--
544
00:29:46,952 --> 00:29:51,190
{\an7}\hIT WAS CREATED FROM DEPOSITS
OF VOLCANIC ASH, MUD AND SAND
545
00:29:51,223 --> 00:29:54,460
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHAT WASHED DOWN
FROM ANCIENT MOUNTAINS.
546
00:29:54,493 --> 00:29:56,895
{\an7}IN THE HUNDREDS OF MILLIONS
\h\hOF YEARS THAT FOLLOWED,
547
00:29:56,928 --> 00:29:59,164
{\an7}OCEANS, DESERTS AND SWAMPS
\h\h\h\h\h\hCAME AND WENT
548
00:29:59,197 --> 00:30:01,099
{\an7}ACROSS THIS PART OF ARIZONA...
549
00:30:01,133 --> 00:30:03,869
{\an7}LEAVING BEHIND MORE LAYERS
\h\h\hOF SEDIMENTARY ROCK,
550
00:30:03,902 --> 00:30:07,572
{\an7}SO MANY THAT THEY CREATED
\h\h\h\h\hA GIANT PLATEAU.
551
00:30:10,142 --> 00:30:12,845
{\an7}JUST 250 MILLION YEARS AGO,
552
00:30:12,878 --> 00:30:16,448
{\an7}\h\hTHE YOUNGEST LAYER IN THE
CANYON’S WALLS WAS LAID DOWN.
553
00:30:16,481 --> 00:30:21,052
{\an7}IT’S A LIGHT-COLORED STONE
KNOWN AS KAIBAB LIMESTONE.
554
00:30:21,086 --> 00:30:22,654
{\an7}IT WAS ONLY AFTER THESE DEEP
555
00:30:22,688 --> 00:30:24,990
{\an7}AND COLORFUL ROCK LAYERS
\h\h\h\h\h\hWERE FORMED
556
00:30:25,023 --> 00:30:27,792
{\an7}\h\h\hTHAT THE COLORADO RIVER
STARTED CARVING A GIANT CANYON
557
00:30:27,826 --> 00:30:30,062
{\an7}THROUGH THE PLATEAU’S FLOOR.
558
00:30:31,997 --> 00:30:34,733
{\an7}FEEDING IT WERE THOUSANDS
\h\h\h\h\h\hOF TRIBUTARIES
559
00:30:34,766 --> 00:30:37,102
{\an7}THAT ERODED THE LANDSCAPE
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hEVEN MORE,
560
00:30:37,135 --> 00:30:39,971
{\an7}\h\h\h\hAND HELPED EXPOSE
THE COLORFUL LAYERS BELOW,
561
00:30:40,005 --> 00:30:42,274
{\an7}TO CREATE THIS GIANT CHASM--
562
00:30:42,307 --> 00:30:47,245
{\an7}WHICH REACHES, IN PLACES,
18 MILES FROM RIM TO RIM.
563
00:30:49,448 --> 00:30:53,485
{\an7}IT’S A PROCESS OF EROSION
\h\hTHAT CONTINUES TODAY--
564
00:30:53,518 --> 00:30:58,923
{\an7}A PROCESS THAT’S CREATED SOME OF
THE CANYON’S GREATEST LANDMARKS,
565
00:30:58,957 --> 00:31:02,494
{\an7}FROM TOWERING ROCK PINNACLES
\h\h\h\hNEAR TEMPLE BUTTE...
566
00:31:02,527 --> 00:31:07,532
{\an7}TO DEEP GEOLOGICAL SCARS KNOWN
\h\hAS THE HINDU AMPHITHEATER,
567
00:31:07,566 --> 00:31:11,370
{\an7}AND SOARING ABOVE,
\hTHE TOWER OF RA.
568
00:31:12,738 --> 00:31:15,040
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hBUT POWELL’S
NOW-LEGENDARY EXPEDITION
569
00:31:15,073 --> 00:31:17,709
{\an7}CAME WITH A TERRIBLE PRICE.
570
00:31:17,743 --> 00:31:20,779
{\an7}FOR WEEKS HIS MEN WERE FORCED
TO BATTLE THE CANYON’S RAPIDS
571
00:31:20,812 --> 00:31:23,748
{\an7}IN THEIR HEAVY 19th CENTURY
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWOODEN BOATS,
572
00:31:23,782 --> 00:31:26,551
{\an7}FIGHTING TO SURVIVE
\hWITH LITTLE FOOD,
573
00:31:26,585 --> 00:31:28,387
{\an7}UNDER GRUELING CONDITIONS
574
00:31:28,420 --> 00:31:33,225
{\an7}TODAY’S RECREATIONAL RAFTERS
\h\h\h\h\hCAN ONLY IMAGINE.
575
00:31:33,258 --> 00:31:36,595
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hBY THE END OF AUGUST
THEY THOUGHT THE WORST WAS OVER.
576
00:31:36,628 --> 00:31:41,233
{\an7}BUT THEN, ON AUGUST 27, 1869,
THEY CAME TO WHAT SEEMED TO BE
577
00:31:41,266 --> 00:31:44,603
{\an7}THE MOST TERRIFYING RAPIDS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF THEM ALL.
578
00:31:44,636 --> 00:31:47,239
{\an7}THREE OF POWELL’S MEN
\hREFUSED TO RUN THEM,
579
00:31:47,272 --> 00:31:52,511
{\an7}AND WENT OFF TO CLIMB THE CLIFFS
IN SEARCH OF ANOTHER WAY OUT.
580
00:31:52,544 --> 00:31:53,712
{\an7}BUT THE RIVER TURNED OUT TO BE
581
00:31:53,745 --> 00:31:56,414
{\an7}\h\hMUCH LESS DANGEROUS
THAN THE MEN HAD FEARED,
582
00:31:56,448 --> 00:31:59,418
{\an7}AND JUST A DAY LATER POWELL
\h\h\hAND HIS REMAINING TEAM
583
00:31:59,451 --> 00:32:02,254
{\an7}REACHED THE CANYON’S END...
584
00:32:02,287 --> 00:32:05,323
{\an7}\hAT A SITE THAT HAS SINCE
BEEN FLOODED BY LAKE MEAD
585
00:32:05,357 --> 00:32:07,292
{\an7}AND THE HOOVER DAM.
586
00:32:07,325 --> 00:32:10,929
{\an7}ONE OF THE MEN ON THE EXPEDITION
WROTE THAT HIS ONLY REGRET
587
00:32:10,962 --> 00:32:13,598
{\an7}WAS THAT THE MISSING MEN
WEREN’T STILL WITH THEM.
588
00:32:13,632 --> 00:32:16,034
{\an7}HE WOULD SOON DISCOVER
THAT NATIVE AMERICANS
589
00:32:16,067 --> 00:32:17,635
{\an7}HAD KILLED ALL THREE OF THEM
590
00:32:17,669 --> 00:32:21,540
{\an7}AS SOON AS THEY’D REACHED
\h\h\h\hTHE CANYON’S RIM.
591
00:32:21,573 --> 00:32:24,342
{\an7}\hTWO YEARS LATER POWELL
MADE A SECOND EXPEDITION
592
00:32:24,376 --> 00:32:26,044
{\an7}DOWN THE COLORADO RIVER,
593
00:32:26,077 --> 00:32:29,380
{\an7}AND WROTE A BEST-SELLING BOOK
\h\h\h\h\hABOUT HIS EXPLOITS.
594
00:32:29,414 --> 00:32:34,920
{\an7}IT WAS IN THIS BOOK THAT POWELL
GAVE THE GRAND CANYON ITS NAME.
595
00:32:34,953 --> 00:32:37,289
{\an7}FOR MANY STANDING
ON ITS RIM TODAY,
596
00:32:37,322 --> 00:32:40,425
{\an7}THE TOWERING WALLS,
\hREMARKABLE DEPTHS,
597
00:32:40,459 --> 00:32:43,095
{\an7}\h\hAND SHEER SCALE
OF THE GRAND CANYON
598
00:32:43,128 --> 00:32:45,530
{\an7}REMAIN JUST AS AWE-INSPIRING
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAS THEY WERE
599
00:32:45,564 --> 00:32:48,734
{\an7}TO THE TRAVELERS WHO FIRST
\hSTUMBLED ONTO THIS SPOT
600
00:32:48,767 --> 00:32:51,470
{\an7}HUNDREDS OF YEARS AGO.
601
00:32:51,503 --> 00:32:54,773
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBUT FOR NEW AGE
SPIRITUAL SEEKERS IN ARIZONA,
602
00:32:54,806 --> 00:32:59,144
{\an7}\hTHERE’S A PLACE THAT EVEN
THE GRAND CANYON CAN’T TOP.
603
00:32:59,177 --> 00:33:02,247
{\an7}IT’S CALLED SEDONA.
604
00:33:02,280 --> 00:33:05,950
{\an7}MANY BELIEVE THIS IS THE SITE
\hOF A MYSTERIOUS ENERGY FIELD
605
00:33:05,984 --> 00:33:08,687
{\an7}\h\h\hWHERE THE EARTH’S
COSMIC POWER LINES MEET
606
00:33:08,720 --> 00:33:12,190
{\an7}AND CREATE FOUR ENERGY VORTICES.
607
00:33:12,224 --> 00:33:14,860
{\an7}ONE OF THEM, THEY SAY,
\h\hIS CENTERED HERE,
608
00:33:14,893 --> 00:33:18,730
{\an7}AT CATHEDRAL ROCK.
609
00:33:18,763 --> 00:33:22,100
{\an7}TOWERING RED CLIFFS,
\hDEEP GREEN FORESTS
610
00:33:22,133 --> 00:33:24,302
{\an7}AND AN ELECTRIC BLUE SKY
611
00:33:24,336 --> 00:33:29,608
{\an7}MAKE THIS HIGH MOUNTAIN VALLEY
AN UNDENIABLY MAGICAL PLACE...
612
00:33:29,641 --> 00:33:33,011
{\an7}WHETHER YOU BELIEVE
\h\hIN MAGIC OR NOT.
613
00:33:33,044 --> 00:33:35,280
{\an7}NEW AGERS HAVE BEEN COMING HERE
FOR DECADES
614
00:33:35,313 --> 00:33:39,217
{\an7}TO SOAK UP ITS UNIQUE
\h\h\h\hENERGY VIBES.
615
00:33:39,251 --> 00:33:42,121
{\an7}\h\hBUT THEY’RE NOT THE FIRST
TO FIND SPIRITUAL INSPIRATION
616
00:33:42,153 --> 00:33:43,855
{\an7}IN THIS VALLEY.
617
00:33:43,889 --> 00:33:47,559
{\an7}\h\h\h\hIN 1941, SCULPTOR
MARGUERITE BRUNSWIG STAUDE
618
00:33:47,592 --> 00:33:49,360
{\an7}CAME TO SEDONA AND FOUND
619
00:33:49,394 --> 00:33:52,564
{\an7}WHAT SHE’D BEEN SEARCHING FOR
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hFOR YEARS.
620
00:33:52,597 --> 00:33:54,966
{\an7}\h\hTHE PERFECT SPOT
TO BUILD HER DREAM:
621
00:33:55,000 --> 00:34:00,205
{\an7}AN AWE-INSPIRING MODERN CHAPEL
\h\hCENTERED ON A GIANT CROSS.
622
00:34:00,238 --> 00:34:02,674
{\an7}STAUDE HAD ENVISIONED
\h\h\hWHAT SHE CALLED
623
00:34:02,707 --> 00:34:05,910
{\an7}"A SPIRITUAL FORTRESS
\hSO CHARGED WITH GOD,
624
00:34:05,944 --> 00:34:09,915
{\an7}THAT IT SPURS MAN’S SPIRIT
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hGODWARD."
625
00:34:09,948 --> 00:34:12,851
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hSHE KNEW PUTTING IT
ON THIS ROCKY SEDONA HILLSIDE
626
00:34:12,884 --> 00:34:15,653
{\an7}WOULD GIVE IT A HEAD START.
627
00:34:15,687 --> 00:34:20,258
{\an7}THE CHAPEL OF THE HOLY CROSS
\h\h\hWAS COMPLETED IN 1956,
628
00:34:20,292 --> 00:34:21,727
{\an7}AND WAS GIVEN AN HONOR AWARD
629
00:34:21,760 --> 00:34:25,897
{\an7}\hBY THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF
ARCHITECTS THE FOLLOWING YEAR.
630
00:34:25,931 --> 00:34:28,333
{\an7}TODAY, THIS 90-FOOT-TALL CHAPEL
631
00:34:28,366 --> 00:34:32,270
{\an7}DRAWS 3.5 MILLION VISITORS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hA YEAR.
632
00:34:32,304 --> 00:34:34,506
{\an7}\h\h\hBUT THERE ARE NO
CHURCH SERVICES HERE--
633
00:34:34,539 --> 00:34:38,610
{\an7}IT’S NOW A PLACE OF MEDITATION,
OPEN TO ALL.
634
00:34:38,643 --> 00:34:40,678
{\an7}\h\h\h\hA PERFECT SPOT
FOR THOSE WHO BELIEVE
635
00:34:40,712 --> 00:34:42,180
{\an7}THAT IT LIES AT THE CENTER
636
00:34:42,213 --> 00:34:46,984
{\an7}\hOF ANOTHER OF SEDONA’S
FAMOUS ENERGY VORTICES.
637
00:34:47,018 --> 00:34:50,121
{\an7}BUILDING A CHAPEL IN THE ARIZONA
DESERT IS ONE THING--
638
00:34:50,155 --> 00:34:55,293
{\an7}BUT TRYING TO BUILD AN ENTIRELY
NEW CITY HERE IS SOMETHING ELSE.
639
00:34:55,327 --> 00:34:58,997
{\an7}IN 1970, ARCHITECT PAOLO SOLERI
BOUGHT THIS HILL
640
00:34:59,030 --> 00:35:01,399
{\an7}ABOUT 60 MILES NORTH OF PHOENIX
641
00:35:01,433 --> 00:35:04,569
{\an7}AND BEGAN BUILDING AN INNOVATIVE
PROTOTYPE CITY OF THE FUTURE
642
00:35:04,603 --> 00:35:07,706
{\an7}HE CALLED "ARCOSANTI."
643
00:35:07,739 --> 00:35:09,307
{\an7}HE HOPED TO USE IT
\h\hTO DEMONSTRATE
644
00:35:09,341 --> 00:35:10,943
{\an7}A NEW WAY OF LIVING
\h\hIN THE DESERT--
645
00:35:10,976 --> 00:35:13,412
{\an7}AND THE WORLD.
646
00:35:13,445 --> 00:35:16,682
{\an7}HE ENVISIONED ARCOSANTI
\hAS A 25-ACRE COMMUNITY
647
00:35:16,715 --> 00:35:22,054
{\an7}POPULATED BY HARDY ECO-PIONEERS
WHO WOULD, AS SOLERI HOPED,
648
00:35:22,087 --> 00:35:24,489
{\an7}BE ABLE TO DO MORE WITH LESS:
649
00:35:24,522 --> 00:35:27,392
{\an7}\h\hLIVING WITHOUT CARS
IN INNOVATIVE BUILDINGS
650
00:35:27,425 --> 00:35:29,928
{\an7}DESIGNED TO MAKE THE MOST
\h\h\h\hOF THE DESERT SUN,
651
00:35:29,961 --> 00:35:33,398
{\an7}AND GENERATING LESS POLLUTION
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND WASTE.
652
00:35:33,431 --> 00:35:34,699
{\an7}SOLERI CALLED HIS BLEND
653
00:35:34,733 --> 00:35:37,836
{\an7}OF ARCHITECTURE AND ECOLOGY
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h"ARCOLOGY,"
654
00:35:37,869 --> 00:35:39,237
{\an7}AND SAID HIS GOAL WAS
655
00:35:39,270 --> 00:35:42,807
{\an7}\h\hTO "REFORMULATE THE PRESENT
INTO SOMETHING MORE PROMISING."
656
00:35:42,841 --> 00:35:44,509
{\an7}OVER 40 YEARS LATER,
657
00:35:44,542 --> 00:35:48,079
{\an7}MANY WONDER IF THAT PROMISE
\h\h\h\h\hWILL EVER BE KEPT.
658
00:35:48,113 --> 00:35:51,249
{\an7}ARCOSANTI’S PLANNED POPULATION
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWAS 5,000,
659
00:35:51,282 --> 00:35:54,752
{\an7}BUT ONLY ABOUT 100 PEOPLE
\h\h\h\h\hEVER LIVED HERE.
660
00:35:54,786 --> 00:35:57,455
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hONLY FIVE PERCENT
OF SOLERI’S PLANNED BUILDINGS--
661
00:35:57,489 --> 00:36:00,125
{\an7}INCLUDING A COVERED PLAZA,
\h\h\h\hA CERAMICS STUDIO,
662
00:36:00,158 --> 00:36:01,259
{\an7}AND A SHOPPING CENTER--
663
00:36:01,292 --> 00:36:03,795
{\an7}HAVE EVER BEEN BUILT.
664
00:36:03,828 --> 00:36:06,898
{\an7}MANY OF HIS FANS SAY NEITHER HE
NOR HIS IDEAS
665
00:36:06,931 --> 00:36:11,469
{\an7}\h\h\h\hEVER GOT THE RESPECT
OR ATTENTION THEY DESERVED.
666
00:36:11,503 --> 00:36:13,405
{\an7}\hPERHAPS BECAUSE
ANOTHER LABORATORY
667
00:36:13,438 --> 00:36:15,173
{\an7}FOR LIVING IN THE ARIZONA DESERT
668
00:36:15,206 --> 00:36:17,642
{\an7}WAS HOGGING MOST OF THE PRESS.
669
00:36:17,676 --> 00:36:21,480
{\an7}\h\h\h\hAND NOT ALWAYS
FOR THE RIGHT REASONS.
670
00:36:21,513 --> 00:36:24,950
{\an7}THIS IS BIOSPHERE 2--
671
00:36:24,983 --> 00:36:28,987
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hA SUPERSIZED
THREE-ACRE TERRARIUM.
672
00:36:29,020 --> 00:36:32,690
{\an7}\hORIGINALLY FUNDED BY TEXAS
BILLIONAIRE EDWARD P. BASS,
673
00:36:32,724 --> 00:36:34,826
{\an7}ITS 6,600 PANES OF GLASS
674
00:36:34,859 --> 00:36:38,663
{\an7}ENCLOSE 7.2 MILLION CUBIC FEET
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF SPACE--
675
00:36:38,697 --> 00:36:40,933
{\an7}INCLUDING AN ARTIFICIAL
\h\h\h\h\h\hRAIN FOREST,
676
00:36:40,965 --> 00:36:43,000
{\an7}DESERT AND TINY OCEAN--
677
00:36:43,034 --> 00:36:48,172
{\an7}IN ADDITION TO 3,800 SPECIES
\h\h\hOF ANIMALS AND PLANTS.
678
00:36:48,206 --> 00:36:50,408
{\an7}\h\hWHEN IT OPENED
IN THE EARLY 1990s
679
00:36:50,442 --> 00:36:51,777
{\an7}\h\h\h\hIT WAS HAILED
AS ONE OF THE WORLD’S
680
00:36:51,810 --> 00:36:54,780
{\an7}\h\h\h\hMOST IMPRESSIVE
SCIENTIFIC UNDERTAKINGS.
681
00:36:54,813 --> 00:36:57,949
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hBUT IT QUICKLY BECAME
ONE OF THE MOST NOTORIOUS, TOO,
682
00:36:57,982 --> 00:37:01,285
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hAS THE HOME
OF THE "BIOSPHERIANS"...
683
00:37:01,319 --> 00:37:03,788
{\an7}A TEAM OF RESEARCHERS
WHO WERE SEALED INSIDE
684
00:37:03,822 --> 00:37:05,123
{\an7}FOR YEARS AT A TIME
685
00:37:05,156 --> 00:37:08,192
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hIN THIS SUPPOSEDLY
SELF-SUSTAINING ENVIRONMENT--
686
00:37:08,226 --> 00:37:10,962
{\an7}AND LEFT TO FEND FOR THEMSELVES.
687
00:37:10,995 --> 00:37:12,997
{\an7}THEIR MISSION WAS
TO USE THEIR WORLD
688
00:37:13,031 --> 00:37:15,233
{\an7}TO DEVELOP NEW TECHNOLOGIES
689
00:37:15,266 --> 00:37:19,370
{\an7}THAT MIGHT HELP HUMANS SURVIVE
\h\h\h\hON THE MOON AND MARS.
690
00:37:19,404 --> 00:37:22,841
{\an7}THEY VOWED THEY WOULD GROW
ALL THE FOOD THEY NEEDED,
691
00:37:22,874 --> 00:37:25,977
{\an7}RECYCLE THEIR WATER, AIR
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND WASTE,
692
00:37:26,010 --> 00:37:31,015
{\an7}AND LIVE WITHOUT SUPPLIES
\h\h\h\h\h\hFROM OUTSIDE.
693
00:37:31,049 --> 00:37:32,951
{\an7}BUT REPORTS SOON SURFACED
694
00:37:32,984 --> 00:37:38,490
{\an7}THAT THE BIOSPHERIANS WEREN’T
\hSTAYING TRUE TO THEIR WORD--
695
00:37:38,523 --> 00:37:40,125
{\an7}STORIES THAT THEY WERE
\h\hACTUALLY SURVIVING
696
00:37:40,158 --> 00:37:43,995
{\an7}\h\hON PREPACKAGED FOOD
THEY HAD HIDDEN INSIDE,
697
00:37:44,028 --> 00:37:48,199
{\an7}\h\hSECRETLY REPLENISHING
THEIR OXYGEN FROM OUTSIDE,
698
00:37:48,233 --> 00:37:49,835
{\an7}AND USING CO2 SCRUBBERS
699
00:37:49,868 --> 00:37:53,638
{\an7}TO PREVENT THE BUILDUP
\hOF DANGEROUS GASES.
700
00:37:53,671 --> 00:37:56,774
{\an7}\hTHE REPORTS SET OFF
A SCIENTIFIC SCANDAL.
701
00:37:58,610 --> 00:38:01,213
{\an7}THOUGH IT WAS RUMORS ABOUT WHAT
MEMBERS OF THE MIXED GENDER TEAM
702
00:38:01,246 --> 00:38:03,548
{\an7}WERE DOING AFTER WORK
703
00:38:03,581 --> 00:38:06,717
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHAT REALLY CAUGHT
THE WORLD’S IMAGINATION...
704
00:38:06,751 --> 00:38:10,088
{\an7}\hRUMORS SEEMINGLY VERIFIED
WHEN TWO OF THE TEAM MEMBERS
705
00:38:10,121 --> 00:38:13,591
{\an7}GOT MARRIED ALMOST AS SOON
\h\h\h\h\hAS THEY GOT OUT.
706
00:38:13,625 --> 00:38:15,594
{\an7}WHAT HAPPENED IN BETWEEN
707
00:38:15,627 --> 00:38:19,131
{\an7}MIGHT HAVE BEEN PERFECT
\h\h\h\hFOR REALITY TV.
708
00:38:19,164 --> 00:38:21,533
{\an7}UNFORTUNATELY, THE GOSSIP
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND SCANDAL
709
00:38:21,566 --> 00:38:23,001
{\an7}ENDED UP OVERSHADOWING
710
00:38:23,034 --> 00:38:25,770
{\an7}THE SERIOUS RESEARCH
\hBEING DONE HERE--
711
00:38:25,804 --> 00:38:29,641
{\an7}AND EVEN HELPED BRING IT
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTO AN END.
712
00:38:29,674 --> 00:38:31,109
{\an7}TODAY, BIOSPHERE 2
713
00:38:31,142 --> 00:38:34,379
{\an7}IS STILL TRYING TO LIVE DOWN
\h\h\h\hITS SOAP OPERA PAST
714
00:38:34,412 --> 00:38:39,717
{\an7}AND LIVE UP TO ITS FOUNDERS’
\h\h\hSCIENTIFIC INTENTIONS.
715
00:38:39,751 --> 00:38:42,153
{\an7}ITS REPUTATION GOT A BOOST
\h\hWHEN IT WAS TAKEN OVER
716
00:38:42,187 --> 00:38:44,756
{\an7}\h\h\h\hIN THE MID ’90s
BY COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY.
717
00:38:44,789 --> 00:38:47,892
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND IN 2011,
THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA
718
00:38:47,926 --> 00:38:50,929
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hSTARTED USING IT
FOR CUTTING-EDGE RESEARCH.
719
00:38:50,962 --> 00:38:54,132
{\an7}\h\h\hTHE MOVE MADE IT PART
OF A RESPECTED INSTITUTION,
720
00:38:54,165 --> 00:38:56,434
{\an7}WHICH IS CENTERED AT THIS
\h\h\h\h\hSPRAWLING CAMPUS
721
00:38:56,467 --> 00:39:00,738
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hIN NEARBY TUCSON
THAT WAS FOUNDED IN 1881,
722
00:39:00,772 --> 00:39:06,177
{\an7}31 YEARS BEFORE ARIZONA
\h\h\hWAS EVEN A STATE.
723
00:39:06,211 --> 00:39:08,880
{\an7}\h\h\hTODAY ITS MORE
THAN 39,000 STUDENTS
724
00:39:08,913 --> 00:39:11,349
{\an7}FOLLOW IN THE FOOTSTEPS
\h\h\hOF PAST GRADUATES
725
00:39:11,382 --> 00:39:13,985
{\an7}SUCH AS SENATOR BARRY GOLDWATER,
726
00:39:14,018 --> 00:39:16,087
{\an7}\h\h\hCONGRESSWOMAN
GABRIELLE GIFFORDS,
727
00:39:16,120 --> 00:39:17,755
{\an7}JOURNALIST GERALDO RIVERA,
728
00:39:17,789 --> 00:39:21,760
{\an7}\h\h\hAND REALITY DIVA
KOURTNEY KARDASHIAN...
729
00:39:21,793 --> 00:39:25,897
{\an7}AND HELP KEEP THE UNIVERSITY’S
\h\h\h\h\h\hTRADITIONS ALIVE.
730
00:39:25,930 --> 00:39:28,499
{\an7}\hLIKE MAKING SURE THAT
THE HUGE MOUNTAINTOP "A"
731
00:39:28,533 --> 00:39:33,171
{\an7}THAT LOOKS OUT OVER TUCSON
IS KEPT FRESHLY PAINTED...
732
00:39:33,204 --> 00:39:35,373
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hHEADING OVER
TO McKALE MEMORIAL CENTER,
733
00:39:35,406 --> 00:39:38,509
{\an7}\hTO CHEER ON THE U OF A
WILDCAT BASKETBALL TEAM,
734
00:39:38,543 --> 00:39:40,845
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hOWNER OF THE NATION’S
THIRD HIGHEST WINNING PERCENTAGE
735
00:39:40,879 --> 00:39:42,981
{\an7}SINCE 1997...
736
00:39:43,014 --> 00:39:45,016
{\an7}\h\h\h\hAND CROWDING
INTO ARIZONA STADIUM
737
00:39:45,049 --> 00:39:47,685
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTO ROOT FOR
THE FOOTBALL WILDCATS,
738
00:39:47,719 --> 00:39:49,988
{\an7}A TEAM THAT HAS CARVED OUT
\h\hITS OWN STELLAR RECORD
739
00:39:50,021 --> 00:39:54,559
{\an7}SINCE THE GAME WAS FIRST PLAYED
ON CAMPUS IN 1899.
740
00:39:54,592 --> 00:39:57,795
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHE YOUTHFUL ENERGY THAT
U OF A STUDENTS BRING TO TUCSON
741
00:39:57,829 --> 00:40:01,499
{\an7}HELPS TO GIVE THIS CITY
\h\hAN UP-TO-DATE VIBE.
742
00:40:01,532 --> 00:40:03,300
{\an7}BUT PARTS OF TUCSON ITSELF
743
00:40:03,334 --> 00:40:05,970
{\an7}\hLOOK MUCH AS THEY HAVE
SINCE THE 19th CENTURY,
744
00:40:06,004 --> 00:40:08,073
{\an7}WITH ADOBE STYLE BUILDINGS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hFROM AN AGE
745
00:40:08,106 --> 00:40:11,543
{\an7}WHEN THIS PART OF ARIZONA
STILL BELONGED TO MEXICO.
746
00:40:11,576 --> 00:40:15,313
{\an7}LONG BEFORE WALLS OF STEEL
\h\h\hDIVIDED THE DESERT,
747
00:40:15,346 --> 00:40:17,715
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAND AN ARRAY
OF HIGH-TECH GADGETRY
748
00:40:17,749 --> 00:40:21,553
{\an7}\h\h\h\hSTARTED KEEPING AN EYE
ON AMERICA’S SOUTHERN BORDER.
749
00:40:26,858 --> 00:40:28,727
{\an7}EVERY DAY FLEETS OF TRUCKERS
750
00:40:28,760 --> 00:40:32,397
{\an7}ROLL OUT ONTO U.S. INTERSTATE 10
IN SOUTHERN ARIZONA,
751
00:40:32,430 --> 00:40:35,700
{\an7}AND RACE ACROSS THE STATE’S
\h\h\h\h\h\hSUN-BAKED DESERT
752
00:40:35,733 --> 00:40:37,702
{\an7}TO DELIVER THE PRECIOUS CARGO
753
00:40:37,735 --> 00:40:42,173
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHAT KEEPS AMERICA’S
21st CENTURY ECONOMY ON TRACK.
754
00:40:42,206 --> 00:40:45,209
{\an7}\hBUT WHEN THESE TRUCKS HEAD
SOUTH OF PHOENIX TO TUCSON,
755
00:40:45,243 --> 00:40:46,544
{\an7}THEY DRIVE ON LAND
756
00:40:46,577 --> 00:40:50,614
{\an7}THAT WAS ORIGINALLY SUPPOSED
\h\h\hTO BE PART OF MEXICO.
757
00:40:50,648 --> 00:40:52,517
{\an7}\h\h\hTHAT’S BECAUSE,
WHEN THE U.S. ACQUIRED
758
00:40:52,550 --> 00:40:57,088
{\an7}\h\hMOST OF PRESENT-DAY ARIZONA
AFTER THE 1848 U.S.-MEXICAN WAR,
759
00:40:57,121 --> 00:41:01,025
{\an7}IT DIDN’T GET A BIG PIECE
\h\hOF SOUTHERN ARIZONA--
760
00:41:01,059 --> 00:41:04,796
{\an7}\hINCLUDING THE CITY OF TUCSON,
WHICH STILL BELONGED TO MEXICO.
761
00:41:04,829 --> 00:41:08,499
{\an7}BUT AFTER THE WAR, THE U.S.
\h\h\hWANTED EVEN MORE LAND
762
00:41:08,533 --> 00:41:11,336
{\an7}\hTO BUILD A NEW SOUTHERN
TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD
763
00:41:11,369 --> 00:41:14,138
{\an7}THROUGH ARIZONA TO CALIFORNIA.
764
00:41:14,172 --> 00:41:18,076
{\an7}SO IN 1853, ON THE HEELS
\h\h\h\h\h\hOF THE WAR,
765
00:41:18,109 --> 00:41:23,014
{\an7}\hA U.S. ENVOY, JAMES GADSDEN,
NEGOTIATED A DEAL WITH MEXICO
766
00:41:23,047 --> 00:41:26,183
{\an7}\h\hFOR THE U.S. TO BUY
A 30-MILLION-ACRE PARCEL
767
00:41:26,217 --> 00:41:27,652
{\an7}ON THE SOUTHERN BORDERS
768
00:41:27,685 --> 00:41:30,721
{\an7}OF PRESENT-DAY ARIZONA
\h\hAND NEW MEXICO...
769
00:41:30,755 --> 00:41:35,260
{\an7}A PIECE OF LAND THAT WOULD BE
\hCALLED THE GADSDEN PURCHASE.
770
00:41:35,293 --> 00:41:40,632
{\an7}\h\hMEXICO AGREED TO GIVE IT UP
FOR JUST OVER 30 CENTS AN ACRE.
771
00:41:40,665 --> 00:41:43,368
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hBUT WHEN THE DEAL FOR
THE GADSDEN PURCHASE WAS SIGNED,
772
00:41:43,401 --> 00:41:45,870
{\an7}THE U.S. BORDER MOVED SOUTH...
773
00:41:45,903 --> 00:41:50,608
{\an7}AND SPLIT ONE MEXICAN TOWN,
THE TOWN OF NOGALES, IN TWO.
774
00:41:53,277 --> 00:41:55,980
{\an7}FOR ALMOST A HUNDRED YEARS
\h\h\h\h\hFOLKS IN NOGALES
775
00:41:56,014 --> 00:41:59,084
{\an7}HARDLY SEEMED TO NOTICE
\h\h\hTHE BORDER AT ALL.
776
00:41:59,117 --> 00:42:01,620
{\an7}LOCALS PASSED BACK AND FORTH
\h\h\hFREELY TO DO BUSINESS
777
00:42:01,652 --> 00:42:04,822
{\an7}AND VISIT FRIENDS AND FAMILY
\h\h\h\h\h\hON EITHER SIDE.
778
00:42:04,856 --> 00:42:07,058
{\an7}THEN, IN THE LATE 20th CENTURY,
779
00:42:07,091 --> 00:42:09,060
{\an7}\h\h\hTENSIONS OVER
ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION
780
00:42:09,093 --> 00:42:11,729
{\an7}AND DRUG SMUGGLING
\hBEGAN TO MOUNT.
781
00:42:11,763 --> 00:42:14,499
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE CASUAL CROSSINGS
THAT HAD BEEN A WAY OF LIFE HERE
782
00:42:14,532 --> 00:42:16,901
{\an7}CAME TO SEEM SUSPECT.
783
00:42:16,934 --> 00:42:21,806
{\an7}IN THE 1990s A NEW SHEET METAL
FENCE BROUGHT THEM TO AN END.
784
00:42:21,839 --> 00:42:25,876
{\an7}IN 2011 THE U.S. GOVERNMENT
\hBEGAN REPLACING THE FENCE
785
00:42:25,910 --> 00:42:27,478
{\an7}WITH AN OPEN POLE BARRIER
786
00:42:27,512 --> 00:42:30,048
{\an7}\h\hSO THEY COULD SEE WHAT WAS
HAPPENING ON THE OTHER SIDE--
787
00:42:30,081 --> 00:42:33,985
{\an7}AT A COST OF MORE THAN
\h\h$4 MILLION A MILE.
788
00:42:34,018 --> 00:42:36,654
{\an7}\h\h\hNOW CUSTOMS AND
BORDER PATROL OFFICERS
789
00:42:36,687 --> 00:42:40,624
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hWORK TO MAKE SURE
NO ONE BREACHES THE NEW FENCE,
790
00:42:40,658 --> 00:42:44,695
{\an7}WHILE SECURITY CAMERAS
\h\h\hKEEP WATCH 24/7.
791
00:42:44,729 --> 00:42:46,264
{\an7}BUT THE BIGGEST THREAT MAY BE
792
00:42:46,297 --> 00:42:49,500
{\an7}WHAT THE OFFICERS AND CAMERAS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hCAN’T SEE...
793
00:42:49,534 --> 00:42:53,171
{\an7}TUNNELS DUG UNDERNEATH
\h\h\h\hTHE NEW FENCE.
794
00:42:53,204 --> 00:42:54,672
{\an7}ONE WAS EVEN DISCOVERED
795
00:42:54,705 --> 00:42:57,808
{\an7}LEADING RIGHT UNDER A STREET
\h\h\h\h\hON THE U.S. SIDE.
796
00:42:57,842 --> 00:42:59,610
{\an7}CARS WITH HOLES IN THEIR FLOORS
797
00:42:59,644 --> 00:43:01,846
{\an7}WOULD SIMPLY PARK
OVER A TRAP DOOR,
798
00:43:01,879 --> 00:43:07,785
{\an7}UPLOAD THEIR CARGO OF DRUGS,
\h\h\h\hAND THEN DRIVE AWAY.
799
00:43:07,819 --> 00:43:10,789
{\an7}TODAY, MILLIONS OF DOLLARS
\h\h\h\h\h\hOF LEGAL GOODS
800
00:43:10,822 --> 00:43:14,125
{\an7}\hPASS THROUGH THE NOGALES
BORDER CROSSING EACH YEAR.
801
00:43:14,158 --> 00:43:17,595
{\an7}THE TRICK FOR CUSTOMS OFFICIALS
IS TO TRY AND PINPOINT VEHICLES
802
00:43:17,628 --> 00:43:19,363
{\an7}THAT MAY BE CARRYING
\h\h\h\hCONTRABAND--
803
00:43:19,397 --> 00:43:22,901
{\an7}OR ILLEGAL ALIENS.
804
00:43:22,934 --> 00:43:25,770
{\an7}\h\h\hAND THE VIGILANCE
DOESN’T END IN NOGALES.
805
00:43:25,803 --> 00:43:28,472
{\an7}\hNORTH--IN PHOENIX
AND ACROSS ARIZONA--
806
00:43:28,506 --> 00:43:30,475
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hLOCAL, STATE
AND FEDERAL AUTHORITIES
807
00:43:30,508 --> 00:43:33,478
{\an7}SPEND MILLIONS OF DOLLARS
TO WATCH OUT FOR SMUGGLERS
808
00:43:33,511 --> 00:43:37,448
{\an7}\hTHAT HAVE COME ACROSS
THE U.S.-MEXICAN BORDER.
809
00:43:37,482 --> 00:43:39,317
{\an7}ONCE THEY IDENTIFY A SUSPECT
810
00:43:39,350 --> 00:43:42,186
{\an7}THE WHEELS OF JUSTICE
\h\h\h\hBEGIN TO TURN,
811
00:43:42,220 --> 00:43:46,458
{\an7}\hSTARTING WITH A RITUAL ANY FAN
OF TV COP SHOWS KNOWS ALL ABOUT:
812
00:43:46,491 --> 00:43:49,361
{\an7}READING THE SUSPECT
\hHIS OR HER RIGHTS.
813
00:43:49,393 --> 00:43:51,028
{\an7}A PRACTICE THAT GOT ITS START
814
00:43:51,062 --> 00:43:54,699
{\an7}RIGHT HERE IN ARIZONA
\h\h\h\hBACK IN 1963,
815
00:43:54,732 --> 00:43:56,067
{\an7}AND WAS HANDED DOWN IN THE CASE
816
00:43:56,100 --> 00:43:59,737
{\an7}\h\hOF AN ARIZONA NATIVE
NAMED ERNESTO MIRANDA...
817
00:43:59,770 --> 00:44:01,238
{\an7}AFTER THE LICENSE NUMBER
\h\h\h\h\h\hOF HIS TRUCK
818
00:44:01,272 --> 00:44:03,374
{\an7}WAS LINKED TO A ROBBERY
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND RAPE--
819
00:44:03,407 --> 00:44:06,110
{\an7}CRIMES TO WHICH HE CONFESSED.
820
00:44:06,144 --> 00:44:09,681
{\an7}AT HIS TRIAL, HERE AT PHOENIX’S
MARICOPA COUNTY COURTHOUSE,
821
00:44:09,714 --> 00:44:13,151
{\an7}THAT CONFESSION EARNED HIM
\hA SENTENCE OF 30 YEARS.
822
00:44:13,184 --> 00:44:14,552
{\an7}BUT HIS LAWYER ARGUED
823
00:44:14,585 --> 00:44:16,387
{\an7}THAT HE SHOULD HAVE BEEN TOLD
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hABOUT HIS RIGHTS
824
00:44:16,420 --> 00:44:19,356
{\an7}BEFORE BEING INTERROGATED
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBY POLICE.
825
00:44:19,390 --> 00:44:22,727
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHREE YEARS LATER
THE SUPREME COURT AGREED,
826
00:44:22,760 --> 00:44:26,130
{\an7}AND ORDERED MIRANDA BACK
\h\h\h\hFOR A NEW TRIAL.
827
00:44:26,164 --> 00:44:28,466
{\an7}POLICEMEN ON TV AND IN REAL LIFE
828
00:44:28,499 --> 00:44:34,572
{\an7}HAVE BEEN READING SUSPECTS THEIR
MIRANDA WARNING EVER SINCE.
829
00:44:34,605 --> 00:44:36,440
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hBUT NOT EVEN
A SUPREME COURT VICTORY
830
00:44:36,474 --> 00:44:39,911
{\an7}COULD EARN MIRANDA AN ACQUITTAL
IN HIS SECOND TRIAL
831
00:44:39,944 --> 00:44:44,849
{\an7}OR KEEP HIM FROM BEING SENT BACK
TO PRISON FOR UP TO 30 YEARS.
832
00:44:44,882 --> 00:44:47,685
{\an7}\hTODAY HE MIGHT HAVE SERVED
AT LEAST A PART OF THAT TIME
833
00:44:47,718 --> 00:44:50,287
{\an7}HERE IN PHOENIX INSTEAD,
834
00:44:50,321 --> 00:44:53,491
{\an7}IN ONE OF THE NATION’S
MOST NOTORIOUS JAILS--
835
00:44:53,524 --> 00:44:55,292
{\an7}IN THE CUSTODY OF ONE
\hOF MODERN AMERICA’S
836
00:44:55,326 --> 00:44:57,695
{\an7}MOST CONTROVERSIAL LAWMEN:
837
00:44:57,728 --> 00:45:01,265
{\an7}MARICOPA COUNTY SHERIFF
\h\h\h\h\h\hJOE ARPAIO.
838
00:45:01,299 --> 00:45:05,203
{\an7}ARPAIO’S BARE-BONES LOCKUP
\h\hGOT ITS START IN 1993,
839
00:45:05,236 --> 00:45:07,772
{\an7}WHEN HE WAS PRESSURED TO GRANT
\h\hEARLY RELEASES TO INMATES
840
00:45:07,805 --> 00:45:10,975
{\an7}IN HIS OVERCROWDED JAILS.
841
00:45:11,008 --> 00:45:12,810
{\an7}ARPAIO, WHO LIKES
\hTO CALL HIMSELF
842
00:45:12,843 --> 00:45:14,678
{\an7}"AMERICA’S TOUGHEST SHERIFF,"
843
00:45:14,712 --> 00:45:17,915
{\an7}HAD PROMISED VOTERS
\hHE’D NEVER COMPLY.
844
00:45:17,949 --> 00:45:19,984
{\an7}SO INSTEAD OF RELEASING
\h\h\h\h\hHIS PRISONERS,
845
00:45:20,017 --> 00:45:23,420
{\an7}\h\hHE PITCHED THESE MILITARY
SURPLUS TENTS IN AN EMPTY LOT
846
00:45:23,454 --> 00:45:26,624
{\an7}AND MOVED THE PRISONERS HERE.
847
00:45:26,657 --> 00:45:28,325
{\an7}HUMAN RIGHTS ACTIVISTS
HAVE BEEN COMPLAINING
848
00:45:28,359 --> 00:45:31,996
{\an7}ABOUT HIS INFAMOUS "TENT CITY"
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hEVER SINCE.
849
00:45:32,029 --> 00:45:35,266
{\an7}\h\hTHEY CLAIM LIFE HERE
IS INHERENTLY INHUMANE--
850
00:45:35,299 --> 00:45:38,169
{\an7}ESPECIALLY IN ARIZONA’S
\h\h\h\h\h\hHOT SUMMERS.
851
00:45:38,202 --> 00:45:40,071
{\an7}AND MANY COMPLAIN THAT ARPAIO--
852
00:45:40,104 --> 00:45:43,641
{\an7}WHO ONCE COMPARED HIS OWN TENT
JAIL TO A CONCENTRATION CAMP--
853
00:45:43,674 --> 00:45:47,344
{\an7}DOESN’T CARE.
854
00:45:47,378 --> 00:45:49,947
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hHE WANTS IT TO BE
THE CONVICTS’ WORST NIGHTMARE,
855
00:45:49,981 --> 00:45:54,085
{\an7}\hSO THEY’LL DO THEIR BEST
TO KEEP FROM COMING BACK.
856
00:45:54,118 --> 00:45:56,454
{\an7}AND TO MAKE SURE THEY DON’T
\h\hTRY TO LEAVE TOO EARLY,
857
00:45:56,487 --> 00:46:00,291
{\an7}\h\h\hARPAIO FORCES THEM TO WEAR
CLASSIC STRIPED PRISON UNIFORMS,
858
00:46:00,324 --> 00:46:02,459
{\an7}\h\h\h\hACCESSORIZED
WITH PINK UNDERWEAR,
859
00:46:02,493 --> 00:46:05,663
{\an7}TO MAKE THEM EASY TO SPOT
\h\hIF THEY TRY TO ESCAPE.
860
00:46:07,898 --> 00:46:10,167
{\an7}THEIR DISTINCTIVE STRIPES
\hALSO HELP THEM STAND OUT
861
00:46:10,201 --> 00:46:12,870
{\an7}\h\hALONG THE SHOULDERS
OF THE STATE’S HIGHWAYS,
862
00:46:12,903 --> 00:46:15,806
{\an7}WHERE ARPAIO HAS INTRODUCED
\h\h\h\h\hANOTHER INNOVATION
863
00:46:15,840 --> 00:46:19,344
{\an7}WITH A CONTROVERSIAL PAST...
864
00:46:19,377 --> 00:46:20,979
{\an7}CHAIN GANGS.
865
00:46:21,012 --> 00:46:24,182
{\an7}HE PUTS HIS FEMALE CONVICTS
\h\h\h\h\hIN THE GANGS, TOO,
866
00:46:24,215 --> 00:46:25,883
{\an7}\hSENDING THEM OUT
IN THE BLAZING SUN
867
00:46:25,916 --> 00:46:28,652
{\an7}\h\hTO PICK UP LITTER
AND CUT DOWN WEEDS...
868
00:46:28,686 --> 00:46:31,856
{\an7}PUSHING FLESH AND BLOOD
\h\h\h\h\hTO THE LIMIT.
869
00:46:31,889 --> 00:46:35,226
{\an7}HERE IN ARIZONA, TEMPERATURES
\h\h\h\h\hCAN TOP 100 DEGREES
870
00:46:35,259 --> 00:46:37,795
{\an7}FOR MORE THAN 30 DAYS STRAIGHT--
871
00:46:37,828 --> 00:46:41,498
{\an7}NOT THE EASIEST PLACE TO BE
\h\hWORKING IN A CHAIN GANG.
872
00:46:41,532 --> 00:46:46,704
{\an7}BUT THIS DRY, BAKING DESERT
\h\h\hIS PERFECT FOR PLANES.
873
00:46:48,673 --> 00:46:52,277
{\an7}\h\hTHIS IS THE 309th
AEROSPACE MAINTENANCE
874
00:46:52,310 --> 00:46:55,413
{\an7}AND REGENERATION GROUP
\h\h\hOUTSIDE TUCSON.
875
00:46:55,446 --> 00:46:59,050
{\an7}OVER 4,400 RETIRED AIRCRAFT
\h\h\hLINE THE DESERT HERE,
876
00:46:59,083 --> 00:47:02,653
{\an7}IN A PLACE THEY CALL
\h\h"THE BONEYARD."
877
00:47:02,687 --> 00:47:04,389
{\an7}BUT DON’T LET THE NAME FOOL YOU.
878
00:47:04,422 --> 00:47:06,991
{\an7}\h\hMOST OF THESE PLANES
DIDN’T COME HERE TO DIE.
879
00:47:07,024 --> 00:47:10,494
{\an7}THEY CAME TO BASK
IN THE ARIZONA SUN
880
00:47:10,528 --> 00:47:13,064
{\an7}AND STAY WELL PRESERVED
\h\h\h\h\hIN A DRY HEAT
881
00:47:13,097 --> 00:47:15,900
{\an7}GUARANTEED TO KEEP
CORROSION AT BAY,
882
00:47:15,933 --> 00:47:18,702
{\an7}STANDING SAFELY ON SOIL
\h\h\h\hSO DRY AND HARD
883
00:47:18,736 --> 00:47:21,372
{\an7}IT MAKES CONCRETE UNNECESSARY...
884
00:47:21,405 --> 00:47:24,975
{\an7}WHILE WAITING TO BE RESTORED
\h\hAND RETURNED TO SERVICE.
885
00:47:25,009 --> 00:47:28,145
{\an7}BUT SOME WILL JUST BE
CANNIBALIZED FOR PARTS
886
00:47:28,179 --> 00:47:30,982
{\an7}AND SIMPLY FORGOTTEN.
887
00:47:31,015 --> 00:47:33,518
{\an7}MANY WILL SPEND THE REST
\h\hOF THEIR DAYS HERE--
888
00:47:33,551 --> 00:47:35,620
{\an7}JOINING THE MILLIONS
\hOF OTHER RETIREES
889
00:47:35,653 --> 00:47:38,489
{\an7}WHO CALL ARIZONA HOME...
890
00:47:38,522 --> 00:47:42,393
{\an7}INCLUDING THE 37,000
\h\h\hWHO LIVE HERE,
891
00:47:42,426 --> 00:47:48,065
{\an7}IN A SPRAWLING PLANNED COMMUNITY
NEAR PHOENIX CALLED SUN CITY.
892
00:47:48,099 --> 00:47:51,803
{\an7}TODAY IT LOOKS A LOT LIKE OTHER
SLEEPY SENIOR DEVELOPMENTS.
893
00:47:51,836 --> 00:47:55,807
{\an7}\hBUT WHEN IT OPENED IN 1960,
SUN CITY INTRODUCED AMERICANS
894
00:47:55,840 --> 00:47:59,377
{\an7}TO A RADICAL NEW APPROACH
\h\h\h\hTO GROWING OLD...
895
00:47:59,410 --> 00:48:00,544
{\an7}AN APPROACH DREAMED UP
896
00:48:00,578 --> 00:48:04,115
{\an7}BY A VISIONARY DEVELOPER
\h\h\h\hNAMED DEL WEBB.
897
00:48:04,148 --> 00:48:07,685
{\an7}AT 63, WEBB WAS ALREADY
\hA WEALTHY BUSINESSMAN
898
00:48:07,718 --> 00:48:10,254
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hAND CO-OWNER
OF THE NEW YORK YANKEES.
899
00:48:10,287 --> 00:48:12,790
{\an7}HE WOULD GO ON TO EVEN GREATER
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hFAME AND FORTUNE
900
00:48:12,823 --> 00:48:16,060
{\an7}AS THE OWNER OF A STRING
\hOF LAS VEGAS CASINOS.
901
00:48:16,093 --> 00:48:19,830
{\an7}BUT SUN CITY WAS THE PROJECT
\h\h\h\hTHAT MADE HIS NAME.
902
00:48:19,864 --> 00:48:23,801
{\an7}\h\hHE IMAGINED IT AS A VIBRANT
BUT SAFE, ALL-INCLUSIVE VILLAGE
903
00:48:23,834 --> 00:48:25,035
{\an7}WHERE THOUSANDS OF RESIDENTS
904
00:48:25,069 --> 00:48:28,339
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hCOULD LIVE OUT
THEIR GOLDEN YEARS IN STYLE...
905
00:48:28,372 --> 00:48:32,042
{\an7}\h\h\h\hNOT AS SENIORS,
BUT AS "ACTIVE ADULTS,"
906
00:48:32,076 --> 00:48:34,946
{\an7}\h\h\h\hIN ONE-STORY HOUSES
THAT WERE EASY TO NAVIGATE,
907
00:48:34,979 --> 00:48:37,381
{\an7}ON STREETS COILED AROUND
\h\hNEIGHBORHOOD CENTERS
908
00:48:37,415 --> 00:48:39,951
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTO KEEP THEM
CONVENIENTLY CLOSE...
909
00:48:39,984 --> 00:48:44,255
{\an7}WHERE GRANDKIDS COULD VISIT,
\h\h\hBUT COULDN’T MOVE IN.
910
00:48:44,288 --> 00:48:48,025
{\an7}NO PROJECT LIKE IT HAD EVER BEEN
ATTEMPTED ON SUCH A VAST SCALE.
911
00:48:48,058 --> 00:48:50,661
{\an7}AND EVEN WEBB HAD DOUBTS
\h\hTHAT IT WOULD WORK.
912
00:48:50,694 --> 00:48:53,797
{\an7}BUT IN 1959 HE BROKE GROUND
\h\h\h\hON ITS FIRST PHASE:
913
00:48:53,831 --> 00:48:56,701
{\an7}A SHOPPING CENTER, GOLF COURSE,
COMMUNITY CENTER
914
00:48:56,734 --> 00:48:59,570
{\an7}AND FIVE MODEL HOMES.
915
00:48:59,603 --> 00:49:02,539
{\an7}TO DRUM UP PUBLICITY,
\hWEBB HELD A CONTEST
916
00:49:02,573 --> 00:49:04,675
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTO PICK A NAME
FOR HIS NEW COMMUNITY,
917
00:49:04,708 --> 00:49:07,544
{\an7}\hAND LEGEND HAS IT THAT HE
PERSONALLY CHOSE "SUN CITY"
918
00:49:07,578 --> 00:49:09,480
{\an7}AS THE WINNING ENTRY.
919
00:49:09,513 --> 00:49:12,182
{\an7}AT HIS JANUARY 1, 1960, OPENING,
920
00:49:12,216 --> 00:49:16,120
{\an7}\h\h100,000 PEOPLE SHOWED UP
TO SEE WHAT WEBB WAS UP TO.
921
00:49:16,153 --> 00:49:20,257
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hHE SOLD THEM 237
OF HIS STILL UNBUILT HOMES
922
00:49:20,291 --> 00:49:22,593
{\an7}BEFORE THE WEEKEND WAS OVER.
923
00:49:22,626 --> 00:49:25,729
{\an7}HE WOULD SELL ALMOST 2,000 MORE
BY THE END OF THE YEAR.
924
00:49:25,763 --> 00:49:28,933
{\an7}BY THEN, WEBB’S DOUBTS
\h\h\h\h\h\hWERE OVER.
925
00:49:28,966 --> 00:49:32,903
{\an7}TODAY, SUN CITY HAS
\hOVER 26,000 HOUSES
926
00:49:32,937 --> 00:49:39,243
{\an7}AND A MEDIAN AGE OF 73.4,
JUST AS DEL WEBB IMAGINED.
927
00:49:39,276 --> 00:49:41,245
{\an7}THOUGH NOT ALL OF THESE
\h\h\h\h"ACTIVE ADULTS"
928
00:49:41,278 --> 00:49:42,946
{\an7}LIVE HERE YEAR ROUND.
929
00:49:42,980 --> 00:49:44,982
{\an7}MANY ARE RETIRED NORTHERNERS
930
00:49:45,015 --> 00:49:46,817
{\an7}WHO MIGRATE TO ARIZONA
\h\h\h\h\hEVERY WINTER
931
00:49:46,851 --> 00:49:48,886
{\an7}TO GET AWAY FROM THE SNOW.
932
00:49:48,919 --> 00:49:53,056
{\an7}ARRIVING IN HERDS OF RVs THEY
\hLEAVE PARKED IN SPECIAL LOTS
933
00:49:53,090 --> 00:49:56,627
{\an7}UNTIL THEY’RE READY TO HEAD BACK
HOME IN THE SPRING.
934
00:49:56,660 --> 00:50:01,131
{\an7}MORE THAN 400,000 "SNOWBIRDS"
MIGRATE TO ARIZONA EACH YEAR,
935
00:50:01,165 --> 00:50:04,769
{\an7}MORE THAN EVEN SUN CITY
\h\h\hCOULD EVER HANDLE.
936
00:50:04,802 --> 00:50:06,871
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hFORTUNATELY,
THE STATE OFFERS THEM
937
00:50:06,904 --> 00:50:10,408
{\an7}PLENTY OF OTHER PLACES TO ROOST
WHILE THEY’RE HERE.
938
00:50:10,441 --> 00:50:14,245
{\an7}AND PLENTY OF REASONS
\h\h\hTO COME BACK...
939
00:50:14,278 --> 00:50:16,947
{\an7}TO THE COLORFUL...
940
00:50:16,981 --> 00:50:18,950
{\an7}ADVENTUROUS...
941
00:50:18,983 --> 00:50:21,018
{\an7}HISTORIC...
942
00:50:21,051 --> 00:50:23,287
{\an7}FUTURISTIC...
943
00:50:23,320 --> 00:50:27,424
{\an7}FASCINATING STATE OF ARIZONA.
115010
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