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{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hTENNESSEE,
AMERICA‘S 16th STATE,
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00:00:04,738 --> 00:00:08,342
{\an7}IS BORDERED ON THE EAST BY THE
MAJESTIC APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS
3
00:00:08,375 --> 00:00:12,346
{\an7}AND ON THE WEST BY THE MIGHTY
\h\h\h\h\h\hMISSISSIPPI RIVER.
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00:00:12,379 --> 00:00:14,081
{\an7}WHAT LIES BETWEEN
5
00:00:14,114 --> 00:00:17,217
{\an7}IS A SPECTACULAR RANGE
\h\h\h\h\hOF IMAGES--
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{\an7}NEARLY 20,000 MILES OF RIVERS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND STREAMS,
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00:00:21,321 --> 00:00:24,291
{\an7}STUNNING GEOLOGICAL FORMATIONS,
8
00:00:24,324 --> 00:00:25,826
{\an7}QUIET FIELDS,
9
00:00:25,859 --> 00:00:28,595
{\an7}WHERE SOME OF THE BLOODIEST
\h\hBATTLES OF THE CIVIL WAR
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00:00:28,629 --> 00:00:30,064
{\an7}WERE FOUGHT.
11
00:00:30,097 --> 00:00:31,432
{\an7}IT‘S HOME TO ONE OF AMERICA‘S
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00:00:31,465 --> 00:00:34,635
{\an7}\h\hMOST CONTROVERSIAL
PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMS,
13
00:00:34,668 --> 00:00:37,271
{\an7}AND THE MOST VISITED
\h\h\hNATIONAL PARK
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00:00:37,304 --> 00:00:39,406
{\an7}IN THE UNITED STATES.
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00:00:39,439 --> 00:00:42,108
{\an7}\h\hWHAT OTHER STATE
CAN CLAIM OWNERSHIP
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00:00:42,142 --> 00:00:44,444
{\an7}OF THE GRANDEST ICON
\hOF COUNTRY MUSIC,
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00:00:44,478 --> 00:00:46,447
{\an7}THE BIRTHPLACE OF THE BLUES,
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00:00:46,480 --> 00:00:49,416
{\an7}\h\h\hAND THE HOMES
OF THE QUEEN OF SOUL
19
00:00:49,449 --> 00:00:52,118
{\an7}AND THE KING OF ROCK-N-ROLL?
20
00:00:52,152 --> 00:00:58,125
{\an7}AN AERIAL TRIP THROUGH TENNESSEE
IS A MAGICAL, MUSICAL RIDE
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00:00:58,158 --> 00:01:00,227
{\an7}OVER TIMELESS WONDERS.
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00:01:36,430 --> 00:01:39,099
{\an7}LONG BEFORE ELVIS GOT HERE,
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{\an7}\h\h\hTENNESSEE WAS HOME
TO THE CHEROKEE INDIANS.
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{\an7}IN 1540, SPANISH EXPLORER
\h\h\h\h\hHERNANDO DE SOTO
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00:01:52,079 --> 00:01:53,714
{\an7}WAS THE FIRST EUROPEAN TO TRAVEL
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{\an7}TO WHAT WOULD EVENTUALLY BECOME
TENNESSEE,
27
00:01:56,917 --> 00:02:00,654
{\an7}ON A QUEST TO FIND
\hSILVER AND GOLD.
28
00:02:00,687 --> 00:02:03,657
{\an7}HE CROSSED THE MISSISSIPPI
\h\h\h\h\hNEAR THIS POINT.
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00:02:03,690 --> 00:02:06,826
{\an7}DE SOTO NEVER DID FIND
\h\h\hSILVER OR GOLD,
30
00:02:06,860 --> 00:02:08,862
{\an7}AND IN 1542,
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00:02:08,895 --> 00:02:12,365
{\an7}\h\h\hHE DIED ON THE BANKS
OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER.
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00:02:14,034 --> 00:02:15,702
{\an7}MORE THAN 100 YEARS LATER,
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00:02:15,736 --> 00:02:17,771
{\an7}THE FRENCH AND BRITISH
\h\h\h\h\hALSO ARRIVED
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{\an7}TO STAKE THEIR CLAIMS HERE.
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{\an7}FORT LOUDON,
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{\an7}\hTHE FIRST PLANNED FORT
ON THE WESTERN FRONTIER,
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{\an7}WAS BUILT BY THE BRITISH IN 1756
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{\an7}\h\h\hTO KEEP THE FRENCH ARMY
OUT OF THE APPALACHIAN REGION
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00:02:31,218 --> 00:02:33,353
{\an7}AND TO MAINTAIN THE ALLIANCE
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{\an7}\h\hTHE BRITS HAD FORMED
WITH THE CHEROKEE TRIBE.
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00:02:37,357 --> 00:02:41,228
{\an7}\hBUT THAT ALLIANCE
TURNED TO DISASTER.
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{\an7}OVER TIME, BETRAYAL AND MISTRUST
LEFT THE CHEROKEE WEARY,
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00:02:45,966 --> 00:02:47,768
{\an7}AND THEY SURROUNDED THE FORT
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00:02:47,801 --> 00:02:50,103
{\an7}UNTIL THE BRITISH FAMILIES
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hLIVING THERE
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00:02:50,137 --> 00:02:53,774
{\an7}RAN OUT OF FOOD AND WATER.
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00:02:53,807 --> 00:02:56,710
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHE PRESENT-DAY FORT
IS A REPLICA OF THE ORIGINAL
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00:02:56,743 --> 00:02:59,646
{\an7}\h\h\hAND SURROUNDED
BY A MAN-MADE LAKE.
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{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hIT IS RECOGNIZED AS
A NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK.
49
00:03:05,886 --> 00:03:07,721
{\an7}JUST SOUTH OF FORT LOUDON
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00:03:07,754 --> 00:03:10,757
{\an7}\h\h\h\hSITS THE BIRTHPLACE OF
A MIXED-BLOOD CHEROKEE INDIAN
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00:03:10,791 --> 00:03:12,593
{\an7}NAMED SEQUOYAH,
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00:03:12,626 --> 00:03:17,397
{\an7}NOW MARKED BY A STYLISH
\h\h\h\hMUSEUM COMPLEX.
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00:03:17,431 --> 00:03:20,334
{\an7}FASCINATED BY THE EUROPEAN
\h\h\hIMMIGRANTS‘ ABILITY
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{\an7}\h\h\hTO COMMUNICATE
WITH MARKS ON PAPER,
55
00:03:22,636 --> 00:03:25,372
{\an7}OR WHAT HE CALLED
"TALKING LEAVES,"
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00:03:25,405 --> 00:03:27,007
{\an7}SEQUOYAH WAS CONVINCED
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00:03:27,040 --> 00:03:30,410
{\an7}THAT A WRITTEN FORM OF LANGUAGE
WOULD HELP HIS PEOPLE.
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00:03:30,444 --> 00:03:33,213
{\an7}HE SPENT 12 YEARS WORKING
\h\hON A SYSTEM OF WRITING
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00:03:33,246 --> 00:03:35,315
{\an7}FOR THE CHEROKEE LANGUAGE.
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{\an7}IT QUICKLY BECAME
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00:03:36,783 --> 00:03:40,387
{\an7}THE OFFICIAL WRITTEN LANGUAGE
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF THE CHEROKEE.
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00:03:40,420 --> 00:03:42,622
{\an7}NEWSPAPERS AND BOOKS
\h\h\hWERE PRINTED,
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00:03:42,656 --> 00:03:44,291
{\an7}AND IN JUST A FEW YEARS
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00:03:44,324 --> 00:03:46,226
{\an7}THE LITERACY RATE
\hOF THE CHEROKEE
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00:03:46,259 --> 00:03:48,428
{\an7}WAS SAID TO BE 95%.
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00:03:48,462 --> 00:03:51,065
{\an7}TODAY, THIS LAND IS OWNED
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00:03:51,098 --> 00:03:53,434
{\an7}\h\hBY THE EASTERN BAND
OF THE CHEROKEE INDIANS,
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00:03:53,467 --> 00:03:55,636
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hAND A MUSEUM
TO PROMOTE UNDERSTANDING
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00:03:55,669 --> 00:03:58,172
{\an7}OF THE CHEROKEE CULTURE
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWAS BUILT.
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00:04:03,376 --> 00:04:07,013
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hMODERN TENNESSEE
HAS THREE DISTINCT REGIONS,
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00:04:07,047 --> 00:04:11,285
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hOFFICIALLY KNOWN
AS THREE GRAND DIVISIONS.
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00:04:12,252 --> 00:04:14,654
{\an7}WEST TENNESSEE IS MADE UP
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00:04:14,688 --> 00:04:17,724
{\an7}OF LUSH FARMLANDS, CITIES,
\h\h\h\h\hAND SMALL TOWNS
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00:04:17,758 --> 00:04:20,394
{\an7}\h\h\hBUILT ON THE BANKS
OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER
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00:04:20,427 --> 00:04:23,797
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hAND REACHING
TO THE TENNESSEE RIVER.
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00:04:23,830 --> 00:04:25,165
{\an7}ITS HISTORY AND CULTURE
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00:04:25,198 --> 00:04:27,400
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hARE DISTINCT
FROM THE REST OF THE STATE.
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00:04:27,434 --> 00:04:30,103
{\an7}\h\hTHIS REGION HAS HAD
A SIGNIFICANT INFLUENCE
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00:04:30,137 --> 00:04:32,072
{\an7}ON AMERICAN MUSIC.
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00:04:34,141 --> 00:04:39,046
{\an7}\h\hMIDDLE TENNESSEE IS HOME TO
THE STATE’S CAPITAL, NASHVILLE.
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00:04:39,079 --> 00:04:40,847
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hWHILE MEMPHIS
MAY HAVE BROUGHT AMERICA
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00:04:40,881 --> 00:04:42,683
{\an7}THE BLUES AND ROCK-N-ROLL,
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00:04:42,716 --> 00:04:47,020
{\an7}NASHVILLE IS THE WORLD CAPITAL
\h\h\h\h\h\hFOR COUNTRY MUSIC.
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00:04:51,892 --> 00:04:55,062
{\an7}BUT OUR JOURNEY BEGINS
IN EASTERN TENNESSEE,
85
00:04:55,095 --> 00:04:57,097
{\an7}\hA REGION FILLED
WITH DENSE FORESTS
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00:04:57,130 --> 00:04:59,432
{\an7}AND BREATHTAKING MOUNTAINS.
87
00:05:04,871 --> 00:05:08,174
{\an7}THESE ROADS WERE ORIGINALLY
\h\h\hJUST A MOUNTAIN TRAIL,
88
00:05:08,208 --> 00:05:10,811
{\an7}BUT EVEN TWO CENTURIES AGO
89
00:05:10,844 --> 00:05:15,248
{\an7}IT WAS THE EARLY AMERICAN
VERSION OF A SUPERHIGHWAY.
90
00:05:18,351 --> 00:05:20,587
{\an7}CALLED THE CUMBERLAND GAP,
91
00:05:20,620 --> 00:05:22,589
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hIT WAS ONE OF
THE MOST IMPORTANT ROUTES
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00:05:22,622 --> 00:05:25,024
{\an7}FOR EARLY SETTLERS,
\hNATIVE AMERICANS,
93
00:05:25,058 --> 00:05:27,127
{\an7}AND POSSIBLY EVEN BISON.
94
00:05:30,931 --> 00:05:32,433
{\an7}THE GAP IS A LOW POINT
95
00:05:32,465 --> 00:05:36,736
{\an7}\h\h\hIN THE CUMBERLAND REGION
OF THE APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS,
96
00:05:36,770 --> 00:05:39,806
{\an7}\hWHERE THE STATES OF VIRGINIA,
KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE ALL MEET.
97
00:05:42,776 --> 00:05:46,146
{\an7}STEEP CLIFFS THAT RISE HUNDREDS
OF FEET OFF THE VALLEY FLOOR
98
00:05:46,179 --> 00:05:48,248
{\an7}LINE ITS SIDES.
99
00:05:52,452 --> 00:05:56,256
{\an7}\hSCIENTISTS BELIEVE THE PATH
WAS CREATED BY STREAM EROSION
100
00:05:56,289 --> 00:05:59,392
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHAT TOOK PLACE
OVER MILLIONS OF YEARS.
101
00:06:06,800 --> 00:06:10,070
{\an7}\h\h\h\hAMERICAN COLONISTS,
BARRICADED BY THE MOUNTAINS,
102
00:06:10,103 --> 00:06:13,607
{\an7}WERE ANXIOUS FOR A WAY
\h\h\hTO EXPAND WEST.
103
00:06:13,640 --> 00:06:17,344
{\an7}SO PIONEER DANIEL BOONE
\h\hLED A TEAM OF 30 MEN
104
00:06:17,377 --> 00:06:20,280
{\an7}TO MARK AND CUT A TRAIL GIVING
\h\h\h\h\h\hACCESS TO SETTLERS
105
00:06:20,313 --> 00:06:23,116
{\an7}\hWHO USED IT TO JOURNEY
TO THE WESTERN FRONTIERS
106
00:06:23,149 --> 00:06:25,284
{\an7}OF KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE.
107
00:06:29,756 --> 00:06:34,327
{\an7}THIS PART OF THE GAP WAS CALLED
THE WILDERNESS TRAIL.
108
00:06:40,934 --> 00:06:44,204
{\an7}HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE
EITHER WALKED, RODE
109
00:06:44,237 --> 00:06:47,006
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hOR WERE CARRIED
ACROSS THE CUMBERLAND GAP,
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00:06:47,040 --> 00:06:50,210
{\an7}PART OF WHICH IS NOW
\h\hA NATIONAL PARK.
111
00:06:53,747 --> 00:06:55,649
{\an7}\h\h\hFURTHER SOUTH
IN THE APPALACHIANS
112
00:06:55,682 --> 00:06:57,317
{\an7}SITS THE MOST VISITED
\h\h\h\hNATIONAL PARK
113
00:06:57,350 --> 00:06:59,853
{\an7}IN THE UNITED STATES:
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00:06:59,886 --> 00:07:02,322
{\an7}THE GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS.
115
00:07:05,725 --> 00:07:10,163
{\an7}THIS NATIONAL PARK COVERS
\hMORE THAN 500,000 ACRES.
116
00:07:16,069 --> 00:07:17,971
{\an7}GEOLOGISTS BELIEVE
\hTHESE MOUNTAINS
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00:07:18,004 --> 00:07:20,073
{\an7}ARE MILLIONS OF YEARS OLD--
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00:07:20,106 --> 00:07:22,775
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hMUCH OLDER
THAN THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS.
119
00:07:28,114 --> 00:07:29,616
{\an7}THE CHEROKEE INDIANS LIVING HERE
120
00:07:29,649 --> 00:07:32,619
{\an7}\h\h\h\hCALLED THE LAND
THE PLACE OF BLUE SMOKE
121
00:07:32,652 --> 00:07:36,256
{\an7}BECAUSE OF THE SMOKY BLUE HAZE
THAT SITS OVER THE MOUNTAINS.
122
00:07:41,161 --> 00:07:42,896
{\an7}IN THE EARLY 1900s,
123
00:07:42,929 --> 00:07:47,801
{\an7}LUMBER COMPANIES MOVED IN
\hAND BEGAN LOGGING HERE.
124
00:07:47,834 --> 00:07:49,135
{\an7}WITHIN 20 YEARS,
125
00:07:49,169 --> 00:07:51,705
{\an7}DESPITE THE PROTESTS
OF CONSERVATIONISTS,
126
00:07:51,738 --> 00:07:55,141
{\an7}TWO THIRDS OF THE TREES
\h\h\hHAD BEEN CUT DOWN.
127
00:07:56,643 --> 00:08:01,047
{\an7}IN 1934 CONGRESS ESTABLISHED
\hTHE GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS
128
00:08:01,081 --> 00:08:03,250
{\an7}AS A NATIONAL PARK.
129
00:08:07,253 --> 00:08:09,989
{\an7}IT‘S HOME TO COUNTLESS
\h\h\h\hANIMAL SPECIES
130
00:08:10,023 --> 00:08:13,226
{\an7}INCLUDING AT LEAST 700
\h\h\h\h\hBLACK BEARS.
131
00:08:18,631 --> 00:08:20,766
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHE PARK HAS
MORE SPECIES OF PLANTS
132
00:08:20,800 --> 00:08:24,270
{\an7}THAN ANY OTHER AREA
\hON THE CONTINENT.
133
00:08:24,304 --> 00:08:26,907
{\an7}IT‘S AN INTERNATIONAL
\h\hBIOSPHERE RESERVE
134
00:08:26,940 --> 00:08:29,976
{\an7}AND A WORLD HERITAGE SITE.
135
00:08:32,712 --> 00:08:35,348
{\an7}BORDERING THE GREAT SMOKY
\hMOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK
136
00:08:35,382 --> 00:08:40,320
{\an7}IS A BEAUTIFUL BUT OFTEN
\h\hOVERLOOKED TREASURE.
137
00:08:40,353 --> 00:08:44,290
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHE 640,000-ACRE
CHEROKEE NATIONAL FOREST
138
00:08:44,324 --> 00:08:45,959
{\an7}FOLLOWS THE ANCIENT RIDGES
139
00:08:45,992 --> 00:08:48,728
{\an7}\h\h\hOF THE SOUTHERN
APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS,
140
00:08:48,762 --> 00:08:51,798
{\an7}\hTHEIR VALLEYS FILLED
WITH A CHAIN OF LAKES.
141
00:08:56,269 --> 00:09:00,140
{\an7}IT‘S THE LARGEST PUBLIC TRACT
\h\h\h\hOF LAND IN TENNESSEE.
142
00:09:04,044 --> 00:09:05,712
{\an7}RESTING AT THE FOOTHILLS
143
00:09:05,745 --> 00:09:10,116
{\an7}AND SURROUNDED ON THREE SIDES
BY THE SMOKIES IS GATLINBURG,
144
00:09:10,150 --> 00:09:13,186
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hA DESTINATION
FOR VACATIONING TOURISTS.
145
00:09:20,593 --> 00:09:23,863
{\an7}THE SKY LIFT TAKES RIDERS
\h\h\hON A 500-FOOT ASCENT
146
00:09:23,897 --> 00:09:27,634
{\an7}OVER GATLINBURG TO THE TOP
\h\hOF CROCKETT MOUNTAIN.
147
00:09:27,667 --> 00:09:31,538
{\an7}AND THE AERIAL TRAMWAY IS ONE
OF THE LARGEST IN THE COUNTRY.
148
00:09:31,571 --> 00:09:34,941
{\an7}THE TWO 120-PASSENGER
\hCOUNTERBALANCED CARS
149
00:09:34,974 --> 00:09:36,242
{\an7}LIFT OFF TO TAKE PASSENGERS
150
00:09:36,276 --> 00:09:40,013
{\an7}\h\hTO GATLINBURG‘S
WINTERTIME SKI RUNS.
151
00:09:43,716 --> 00:09:48,020
{\an7}\hIN THE 1900s PIGEON FORGE
WAS A SMALL MOUNTAIN VILLAGE
152
00:09:48,054 --> 00:09:50,823
{\an7}WITH NO PAVED ROADS.
153
00:09:50,857 --> 00:09:52,292
{\an7}TODAY, IT‘S KNOWN MOSTLY
154
00:09:52,325 --> 00:09:56,129
{\an7}FOR A GIANT THEME PARK
\h\hCALLED DOLLYWOOD,
155
00:09:56,162 --> 00:09:57,764
{\an7}CO-OWNED BY TENNESSEE NATIVE
156
00:09:57,797 --> 00:10:01,467
{\an7}AND COUNTRY MUSIC SUPERSTAR
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hDOLLY PARTON.
157
00:10:05,004 --> 00:10:09,375
{\an7}\hA VINTAGE STEAM TRAIN RUNS
THROUGH THIS 125-ACRE PARK,
158
00:10:09,409 --> 00:10:12,312
{\an7}WHICH COMBINES CRAFTS
NATIVE TO THIS REGION
159
00:10:12,345 --> 00:10:15,248
{\an7}WITH THRILL RIDES
\hAND WATER PARKS.
160
00:10:23,022 --> 00:10:26,225
{\an7}\h\hIT WAS NAMED DOLLYWOOD
TO DRAW DOLLY PARTON FANS
161
00:10:26,259 --> 00:10:30,997
{\an7}WHO MIGHT BE COMING TO TENNESSEE
FOR ANOTHER ATTRACTION.
162
00:10:31,030 --> 00:10:37,703
{\an7}\h\hKNOXVILLE WAS THE SITE
OF THE 1982 WORLD‘S FAIR.
163
00:10:37,737 --> 00:10:40,240
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hSOME WERE CYNICAL
ABOUT THE CHOICE OF KNOXVILLE
164
00:10:40,273 --> 00:10:42,342
{\an7}AS THE SITE FOR THE FAIR.
165
00:10:42,375 --> 00:10:44,978
{\an7}\hA WALL STREET JOURNAL
WRITER CALLED KNOXVILLE
166
00:10:45,011 --> 00:10:47,747
{\an7}A "SCRUFFY LITTLE CITY."
167
00:10:47,780 --> 00:10:53,052
{\an7}MAYBE THAT WAS JUST THE IMPETUS
THE CITY NEEDED.
168
00:10:53,086 --> 00:10:57,057
{\an7}THE FAIR WAS THE LAST SUCCESSFUL
WORLD‘S FAIR HELD IN AMERICA,
169
00:10:57,090 --> 00:11:02,162
{\an7}WITH 22 COUNTRIES AND MORE THAN
50 CORPORATIONS PARTICIPATING.
170
00:11:02,195 --> 00:11:05,098
{\an7}11 MILLION VISITORS CAME
\h\h\hFOR THE EXPERIENCE
171
00:11:05,131 --> 00:11:09,736
{\an7}AND THE FAIR MADE A PROFIT
\h\h\h\h\hOF EXACTLY $57.
172
00:11:12,105 --> 00:11:14,941
{\an7}TODAY, THE MOST STRIKING
\h\hREMINDER OF THE FAIR
173
00:11:14,974 --> 00:11:18,744
{\an7}IS THE SUNSPHERE,
\hA 266-FOOT TOWER
174
00:11:18,778 --> 00:11:23,316
{\an7}WITH A 75-FOOT HIGH
GIANT GLOBE ON TOP.
175
00:11:23,349 --> 00:11:27,887
{\an7}THE WINDOW PANELS ARE LAYERED
\h\h\h\hIN 24-CARAT GOLD DUST
176
00:11:27,921 --> 00:11:32,058
{\an7}AND AN OBSERVATION DECK OFFERS
\hVISITORS VIEWS OF THE CITY.
177
00:11:34,227 --> 00:11:37,063
{\an7}KNOXVILLE IS TENNESSEE‘S
\h\h\hTHIRD LARGEST CITY
178
00:11:37,096 --> 00:11:42,535
{\an7}\h\h\hAND WAS THE STATE‘S FIRST
CAPITAL FROM 1796 THROUGH 1819.
179
00:11:45,672 --> 00:11:47,807
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHE CITY SITS
ON THE TENNESSEE RIVER
180
00:11:47,840 --> 00:11:52,812
{\an7}AND IS HOME TO THE UNIVERSITY
OF TENNESSEE, THE VOLUNTEERS.
181
00:11:52,845 --> 00:11:59,452
{\an7}CHARTERED IN 1794, TODAY U.T.
\hHAS NEARLY 30,000 STUDENTS.
182
00:12:02,822 --> 00:12:06,359
{\an7}\h\h\h\hBUT BASKETBALL IS WHAT
THE VOLS ARE MOST FAMOUS FOR--
183
00:12:06,392 --> 00:12:09,061
{\an7}WOMEN‘S BASKETBALL.
184
00:12:09,095 --> 00:12:10,863
{\an7}\hGIVEN THE SUCCESS
AND LARGE FOLLOWING
185
00:12:10,897 --> 00:12:12,799
{\an7}OF WOMEN‘S BASKETBALL HERE,
186
00:12:12,832 --> 00:12:14,701
{\an7}IT SEEMED THE ONLY LOGICAL PLACE
187
00:12:14,734 --> 00:12:20,573
{\an7}TO HAVE THE NATIONAL WOMEN‘S
\h\hBASKETBALL HALL OF FAME.
188
00:12:20,607 --> 00:12:24,878
{\an7}BUILT IN 1999, THE HALL OF FAME
HONORS BOTH MEN AND WOMEN
189
00:12:24,911 --> 00:12:28,381
{\an7}\h\h\h\hWHO HAVE CONTRIBUTED TO
THE SPORT OF WOMEN‘S BASKETBALL.
190
00:12:30,683 --> 00:12:36,055
{\an7}\hTHE BALL THAT SITS ON THE ROOF
IS 30 FEET HIGH, WEIGHS 10 TONS
191
00:12:36,089 --> 00:12:38,625
{\an7}\h\hAND SITS ON TOP
OF A GLASS STAIRCASE
192
00:12:38,658 --> 00:12:42,428
{\an7}THAT WAS CREATED TO RESEMBLE
\h\h\h\h\hA BASKETBALL NET.
193
00:12:47,133 --> 00:12:49,202
{\an7}A FEW MILES NORTHWEST
\h\h\h\h\hOF KNOXVILLE
194
00:12:49,235 --> 00:12:53,272
{\an7}IS A TOWN THAT WAS BORN
\h\h\h\h\h\hIN SECRECY.
195
00:12:53,306 --> 00:12:54,841
{\an7}OAK RIDGE, TENNESSEE,
196
00:12:54,874 --> 00:12:58,277
{\an7}\hIS TEN MILES LONG
AND TWO MILES WIDE--
197
00:12:58,311 --> 00:13:02,215
{\an7}\h\hTHE WHOLE THING SURROUNDED
BY A HIGH CHAIN-LINKED FENCE,
198
00:13:02,248 --> 00:13:04,016
{\an7}TOPPED WITH BARBED WIRE
199
00:13:04,050 --> 00:13:08,254
{\an7}AND PATROLLED BY GUARDS
\h\h\h\h\hON HORSEBACK.
200
00:13:08,288 --> 00:13:11,825
{\an7}THIS AREA USED TO BE FILLED
\hWITH SMALL FARMING TOWNS--
201
00:13:11,858 --> 00:13:14,260
{\an7}UNTIL 1942.
202
00:13:17,397 --> 00:13:20,734
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAMERICA WAS AT WAR,
AND SUDDENLY THE FARMERS HERE
203
00:13:20,767 --> 00:13:25,272
{\an7}\h\hBEGAN GETTING VISITS
FROM FEDERAL OFFICIALS.
204
00:13:25,305 --> 00:13:29,743
{\an7}THEY ONLY WANTED ONE THING,
\h\h\h\h\h\hALL OF THE LAND.
205
00:13:33,246 --> 00:13:35,715
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hRELUCTANTLY,
AND WITH LITTLE CHOICE,
206
00:13:35,748 --> 00:13:39,185
{\an7}\h\h\hONE THOUSAND FAMILIES LEFT
THEIR SMALL FARMING COMMUNITIES
207
00:13:39,218 --> 00:13:41,654
{\an7}AND SOON THOUSANDS OF ENGINEERS,
208
00:13:41,688 --> 00:13:43,957
{\an7}\h\h\hSCIENTISTS AND
CONSTRUCTION WORKERS
209
00:13:43,990 --> 00:13:46,559
{\an7}SWARMED INTO THE NEW LAND.
210
00:13:49,062 --> 00:13:52,899
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hCONSTRUCTION BEGAN AND
THREE HUGE WINDOWLESS BUILDINGS
211
00:13:52,932 --> 00:13:56,035
{\an7}WERE ERECTED WITHIN MONTHS.
212
00:13:56,069 --> 00:13:59,039
{\an7}OAK RIDGE HAD A SECRET.
213
00:14:04,844 --> 00:14:08,247
{\an7}\h\h\hOF THE 75,000 PEOPLE
WHO LIVED AND WORKED HERE,
214
00:14:08,281 --> 00:14:14,087
{\an7}\h\hONLY ONE PERCENT KNEW
WHAT WAS REALLY GOING ON.
215
00:14:14,120 --> 00:14:18,992
{\an7}\h\h\hWORKERS WERE TOLD,
"LOOSE LIPS SINK SHIPS."
216
00:14:19,025 --> 00:14:22,161
{\an7}MEANWHILE, SOME OF THE MOST
\hBRILLIANT SCIENTIFIC MINDS
217
00:14:22,195 --> 00:14:23,863
{\an7}IN THE UNITED STATES
218
00:14:23,896 --> 00:14:25,364
{\an7}WERE WORKING TO PRODUCE
219
00:14:25,398 --> 00:14:29,736
{\an7}\h\hTHE MOST POWERFUL BOMB
THE WORLD HAD EVER KNOWN.
220
00:14:29,769 --> 00:14:33,206
{\an7}\h\h\h\hOAK RIDGE WAS PART
OF THE MANHATTAN PROJECT,
221
00:14:33,239 --> 00:14:36,042
{\an7}THE AMERICAN GOVERNMENT‘S
\hHIGHLY SECRET INITIATIVE
222
00:14:36,075 --> 00:14:40,913
{\an7}TO DEVELOP AN ATOMIC BOMB.
223
00:14:40,947 --> 00:14:43,750
{\an7}AND ON AUGUST 6, 1945,
224
00:14:43,783 --> 00:14:46,886
{\an7}\h\h\h\hWHEN AMERICA DROPPED
AN ATOMIC BOMB ON HIROSHIMA,
225
00:14:46,919 --> 00:14:51,023
{\an7}\hIT ULTIMATELY BROUGHT
WORLD WAR TWO TO AN END.
226
00:14:53,426 --> 00:14:57,263
{\an7}EVEN TODAY, AIRCRAFT MUST KEEP
\hTHEIR DISTANCE FROM THE SITE
227
00:14:57,296 --> 00:14:58,864
{\an7}AND THE BUILDINGS ARE STILL USED
228
00:14:58,898 --> 00:15:03,035
{\an7}BY THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT
OF ENERGY FOR FEDERAL PROJECTS.
229
00:15:04,871 --> 00:15:09,275
{\an7}OAK RIDGE ISN‘T THE ONLY SECRET
IN THE TENNESSEE HILLS.
230
00:15:10,710 --> 00:15:13,913
{\an7}THIS IS THE HOME OF THE OLDEST
\h\h\h\hREGISTERED DISTILLERY
231
00:15:13,946 --> 00:15:15,548
{\an7}IN THE UNITED STATES
232
00:15:15,581 --> 00:15:20,886
{\an7}AND ITS RENOWNED WHISKEY, NAMED
AFTER JASPER NEWTON DANIEL,
233
00:15:20,920 --> 00:15:24,724
{\an7}BETTER KNOWN AS JACK DANIEL.
234
00:15:24,757 --> 00:15:26,292
{\an7}WHEN HE WAS JUST A TEENAGER,
235
00:15:26,325 --> 00:15:28,928
{\an7}\h\hJACK DANIEL BOUGHT
HIS WHISKEY DISTILLERY
236
00:15:28,961 --> 00:15:32,965
{\an7}FROM A LOCAL LUTHERAN MINISTER.
237
00:15:32,999 --> 00:15:35,368
{\an7}\h\h\h\hHE HANDCRAFTED
THE SOUR MASH WHISKEY
238
00:15:35,401 --> 00:15:37,870
{\an7}FROM HIS SECRET INGREDIENT--
239
00:15:37,904 --> 00:15:40,840
{\an7}THE SPRING WATER PIPED
\hINTO THE DISTILLERY
240
00:15:40,873 --> 00:15:44,210
{\an7}FROM A NEARBY LIMESTONE CAVE.
241
00:15:44,243 --> 00:15:48,214
{\an7}\h\hIRONICALLY, LYNCHBURG,
TENNESSEE, IS A DRY TOWN,
242
00:15:48,247 --> 00:15:51,283
{\an7}\hSO WHILE THE WHISKEY
CAN BE DISTILLED HERE,
243
00:15:51,317 --> 00:15:54,053
{\an7}IT CAN‘T BE PURCHASED.
244
00:15:54,086 --> 00:15:56,655
{\an7}FOLLOWING AN INFECTION
\h\hFROM A BROKEN TOE,
245
00:15:56,689 --> 00:16:00,326
{\an7}DANIEL DIED FROM BLOOD POISONING
IN 1911
246
00:16:00,359 --> 00:16:02,561
{\an7}\h\h\hAND IS BURIED
NEAR THE DISTILLERY,
247
00:16:02,595 --> 00:16:05,998
{\an7}\h\hNOW A NATIONAL
HISTORIC LANDMARK.
248
00:16:11,137 --> 00:16:13,606
{\an7}TENNESSEE IS HOME TO 28 SITES
249
00:16:13,639 --> 00:16:15,908
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hRECOGNIZED BY
THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE
250
00:16:15,942 --> 00:16:19,078
{\an7}AS HISTORIC LANDMARKS.
251
00:16:19,111 --> 00:16:22,247
{\an7}ONE OF THEM, LOCATED 131 MILES
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hFROM LYNCHBURG
252
00:16:22,281 --> 00:16:24,917
{\an7}IN THE SMALL TOWN OF DAYTON,
253
00:16:24,951 --> 00:16:26,820
{\an7}WAS HOME TO A PUBLICITY STUNT
254
00:16:26,853 --> 00:16:29,889
{\an7}\h\h\hTHAT TURNED INTO ONE
OF THE MOST FAMOUS TRIALS
255
00:16:29,922 --> 00:16:31,957
{\an7}IN AMERICAN HISTORY.
256
00:16:31,991 --> 00:16:37,163
{\an7}\h\hIN THIS COURTHOUSE, IN 1925,
TENNESSEE PASSED THE BUTLER ACT,
257
00:16:37,196 --> 00:16:40,566
{\an7}A LAW THAT MADE IT ILLEGAL
\h\h\hTO TEACH ANY THEORY
258
00:16:40,600 --> 00:16:44,304
{\an7}THAT DENIED THE BIBLICAL STORY
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOF CREATION--
259
00:16:44,337 --> 00:16:49,843
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hSPECIFICALLY,
DARWIN‘S THEORY OF EVOLUTION.
260
00:16:49,876 --> 00:16:57,484
{\an7}IN JULY OF 1925, JOHN SCOPES WAS
ARRESTED FOR TEACHING DARWINISM.
261
00:16:57,517 --> 00:17:00,487
{\an7}NEWS OF THE IMPENDING TRIAL
\h\h\h\h\hTRAVELED QUICKLY.
262
00:17:00,520 --> 00:17:03,256
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAND THIS MAN,
WILLIAM JENNINGS BRYAN,
263
00:17:03,289 --> 00:17:05,658
{\an7}KNOWN FOR HIS CRUSADE
\h\hAGAINST DARWINISM,
264
00:17:05,691 --> 00:17:11,263
{\an7}\h\h\hOFFERED HIS SERVICES
AS A PROSECUTOR FOR FREE.
265
00:17:11,297 --> 00:17:14,267
{\an7}THAT‘S WHEN CLARENCE DARROW,
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAN AGNOSTIC,
266
00:17:14,300 --> 00:17:19,138
{\an7}OFFERED TO DEFEND MR. SCOPES--
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hALSO FOR FREE.
267
00:17:19,171 --> 00:17:20,639
{\an7}IT WAS CALLED THE MONKEY TRIAL
268
00:17:20,673 --> 00:17:24,577
{\an7}BECAUSE OF ITS ASSOCIATION
\h\h\h\h\hWITH EVOLUTION.
269
00:17:24,610 --> 00:17:28,914
{\an7}SCOPES WAS FOUND GUILTY
\h\h\h\hAND FINED $100.
270
00:17:28,948 --> 00:17:30,316
{\an7}HOWEVER, A YEAR LATER
271
00:17:30,349 --> 00:17:33,619
{\an7}THE VERDICT WAS OVERTURNED
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hON APPEAL.
272
00:17:33,653 --> 00:17:36,589
{\an7}THE RHEA COUNTY COURTHOUSE
\h\h\h\h\hIS STILL IN USE,
273
00:17:36,622 --> 00:17:39,024
{\an7}AND ITS MOST FAMOUS TRIAL
\h\h\h\h\h\hRAISED ISSUES
274
00:17:39,058 --> 00:17:42,295
{\an7}DEBATED IN AMERICA
TO THIS VERY DAY.
275
00:17:44,697 --> 00:17:48,568
{\an7}CHATTANOOGA, THE FOURTH LARGEST
CITY IN TENNESSEE,
276
00:17:48,601 --> 00:17:51,904
{\an7}IS LOCATED ON A SEVEN-MILE BEND
IN THE TENNESSEE RIVER
277
00:17:51,938 --> 00:17:54,207
{\an7}NEAR THE BORDER OF GEORGIA.
278
00:18:00,279 --> 00:18:03,916
{\an7}\hTHE TOWN‘S FAME RESTS
ON A SONG ABOUT A TRAIN,
279
00:18:03,950 --> 00:18:06,019
{\an7}THE INVENTION OF MOON PIES
280
00:18:06,052 --> 00:18:09,756
{\an7}AND A POETICALLY NAMED
\h\hCIVIL WAR BATTLE.
281
00:18:12,024 --> 00:18:16,662
{\an7}\h\hLOOKOUT MOUNTAIN RISES UP
OVER THE CITY OF CHATTANOOGA.
282
00:18:20,967 --> 00:18:22,502
{\an7}SITTING ATOP THE MOUNTAIN
283
00:18:22,535 --> 00:18:25,371
{\an7}\hIS A ONE OF A KIND
PIECE OF AMERICANA.
284
00:18:28,207 --> 00:18:30,776
{\an7}PART NATURE, PART FANTASY,
285
00:18:30,810 --> 00:18:34,580
{\an7}\h\hROCK CITY FEATURES CAVES
AND ANCIENT ROCK FORMATIONS
286
00:18:34,614 --> 00:18:38,351
{\an7}\h\h\h\hCARVED BY NATURE
OVER MILLIONS OF YEARS.
287
00:18:45,658 --> 00:18:48,127
{\an7}\h\hROCK CITY‘S HISTORY
AS A TOURIST ATTRACTION
288
00:18:48,160 --> 00:18:50,796
{\an7}\hDATES BACK TO BEFORE
THE GREAT DEPRESSION,
289
00:18:50,830 --> 00:18:53,833
{\an7}WHEN A LOCAL BUSINESSMAN
WANTED TO TURN THE AREA
290
00:18:53,866 --> 00:18:58,137
{\an7}INTO A RESIDENTIAL COMMUNITY
\h\h\h\hCALLED "FAIRYLAND."
291
00:19:04,644 --> 00:19:07,113
{\an7}\h\hHERE IT IS SAID
THAT ON A CLEAR DAY
292
00:19:07,146 --> 00:19:10,783
{\an7}ONE CAN SEE SEVEN STATES.
293
00:19:10,816 --> 00:19:12,685
{\an7}ABOUT A HUNDRED YEARS EARLIER,
294
00:19:12,718 --> 00:19:15,054
{\an7}\hLOOKOUT MOUNTAIN HAD
GRABBED THE ATTENTION
295
00:19:15,087 --> 00:19:18,023
{\an7}OF ANOTHER MAN WITH DREAMS.
296
00:19:18,057 --> 00:19:22,895
{\an7}IN 1852, COLONEL JAMES WHITESIDE
BUILT A ROAD TO HIS PROPERTY
297
00:19:22,928 --> 00:19:25,030
{\an7}ON THE TOP OF THE MOUNTAIN.
298
00:19:25,064 --> 00:19:28,100
{\an7}HE CALLED IT POINT LOOKOUT.
299
00:19:28,134 --> 00:19:29,702
{\an7}DURING THE CIVIL WAR,
300
00:19:29,735 --> 00:19:32,638
{\an7}POINT LOOKOUT BECAME
AN OBSERVATION POST.
301
00:19:32,672 --> 00:19:34,774
{\an7}THE CONFEDERATE ARMY
\hHELD THE MOUNTAIN
302
00:19:34,807 --> 00:19:39,312
{\an7}\h\h\h\hBUT IN 1863 UNION FORCES
LED BY GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT
303
00:19:39,345 --> 00:19:42,548
{\an7}\h\hWON A DECISIVE VICTORY
AND TOOK OVER THE MOUNTAIN
304
00:19:42,581 --> 00:19:46,185
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hIN WHAT WAS CALLED
THE "BATTLE ABOVE THE CLOUDS."
305
00:19:47,787 --> 00:19:49,322
{\an7}TODAY VISITORS CAN RIDE UP
306
00:19:49,355 --> 00:19:53,259
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hONE OF THE STEEPEST
PASSENGER RAILWAYS IN THE WORLD.
307
00:19:56,162 --> 00:19:59,165
{\an7}AT THE TOP OF THE INCLINE
\h\h\h\h\hSITS POINT PARK,
308
00:19:59,198 --> 00:20:01,033
{\an7}PART OF THE CHICKAMAUGA-
\h\h\h\h\h\hCHATTANOOGA
309
00:20:01,067 --> 00:20:03,436
{\an7}NATIONAL MILITARY PARK.
310
00:20:06,305 --> 00:20:07,773
{\an7}THE NEW YORK PEACE MEMORIAL,
311
00:20:07,807 --> 00:20:09,909
{\an7}\h\h\hFEATURING A UNION
AND CONFEDERATE SOLDIER
312
00:20:09,942 --> 00:20:11,377
{\an7}SHAKING HANDS,
313
00:20:11,410 --> 00:20:13,012
{\an7}IS JUST ONE OF THE MONUMENTS
314
00:20:13,045 --> 00:20:16,248
{\an7}TO THE MEN WHO FOUGHT
\h\h\h\hAND DIED HERE.
315
00:20:22,655 --> 00:20:25,658
{\an7}\h\hWHEN THE CIVIL WAR ENDED
CHATTANOOGA CONTINUED TO BE
316
00:20:25,691 --> 00:20:30,329
{\an7}\hA MAJOR RAILROAD HUB
AND INDUSTRIAL CENTER.
317
00:20:30,362 --> 00:20:33,031
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hIT WAS KNOWN
AS THE DYNAMO OF DIXIE
318
00:20:33,065 --> 00:20:36,101
{\an7}AND INSPIRED GLENN MILLER‘S
\h\h\h\hBIG BAND SWING SONG
319
00:20:36,135 --> 00:20:39,038
{\an7}"CHATTANOOGA CHOO CHOO."
320
00:20:41,774 --> 00:20:45,344
{\an7}\hBUT THE MOUNTAINS THAT MADE
CHATTANOOGA SUCH A SCENIC TOWN
321
00:20:45,377 --> 00:20:49,114
{\an7}ALSO TRAPPED IN THE POLLUTION
\h\h\h\h\hBEING CREATED HERE.
322
00:20:52,985 --> 00:20:54,587
{\an7}IN 1969,
323
00:20:54,620 --> 00:20:57,790
{\an7}WALTER CRONKITE ANNOUNCED
\hON THE CBS EVENING NEWS
324
00:20:57,823 --> 00:20:59,725
{\an7}THAT THE ENVIRONMENTAL
\h\hPROTECTION AGENCY
325
00:20:59,759 --> 00:21:06,099
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hDEEMED CHATTANOOGA
THE DIRTIEST CITY IN AMERICA.
326
00:21:06,132 --> 00:21:07,834
{\an7}EMBARRASSED AND HUMILIATED,
327
00:21:07,867 --> 00:21:13,806
{\an7}\h\hCITY LEADERS MOUNTED
AN $850 MILLION CLEANUP.
328
00:21:13,839 --> 00:21:19,211
{\an7}TODAY THE CITY IS VIBRANT
\h\hAND THE AIR IS CLEAN.
329
00:21:30,256 --> 00:21:32,291
{\an7}TODAY‘S HIGHWAYS HEADING WEST
330
00:21:32,324 --> 00:21:38,997
{\an7}BEAR NO SIGN OF AN EARLIER,
\h\h\hMORE PAINFUL JOURNEY.
331
00:21:39,031 --> 00:21:49,141
{\an7}\h\h\hIT BECAME KNOWN
AS THE TRAIL OF TEARS.
332
00:21:49,175 --> 00:21:53,279
{\an7}\h\h\hFROM MAY 1838
THROUGH MARCH 1839,
333
00:21:53,312 --> 00:21:57,483
{\an7}THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT REMOVED
\h\h\h16,000 CHEROKEE INDIANS
334
00:21:57,516 --> 00:22:01,987
{\an7}FROM TENNESSEE, ALABAMA, GEORGIA
AND NORTH CAROLINA.
335
00:22:04,990 --> 00:22:07,359
{\an7}MANY WALKED BAREFOOT
\h\h\hTHE ENTIRE WAY
336
00:22:07,393 --> 00:22:11,964
{\an7}FROM EAST TENNESSEE TO OKLAHOMA.
337
00:22:11,997 --> 00:22:16,068
{\an7}IT‘S BELIEVED THAT MORE THAN
\h\h\h4,000 NATIVE AMERICANS
338
00:22:16,101 --> 00:22:18,136
{\an7}DIED ON THE JOURNEY.
339
00:22:29,048 --> 00:22:31,117
{\an7}\h\hTHE DEVELOPMENT
OF RACCOON MOUNTAIN
340
00:22:31,150 --> 00:22:35,554
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hIS THE RESULT
OF ANOTHER FEDERAL PLAN.
341
00:22:35,588 --> 00:22:39,792
{\an7}THE TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY
\h\h\h\h\hWAS CREATED IN 1933
342
00:22:39,825 --> 00:22:46,298
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hAND SIGNED INTO LAW
BY PRESIDENT FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT.
343
00:22:46,332 --> 00:22:49,101
{\an7}\h\h\h\hITS MISSION WAS
TO PROVIDE FLOOD CONTROL
344
00:22:49,134 --> 00:22:51,203
{\an7}AND CHEAP ELECTRIC POWER,
345
00:22:51,237 --> 00:22:53,072
{\an7}\h\h\hAND TO IMPROVE
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
346
00:22:53,105 --> 00:22:54,607
{\an7}IN THE TENNESSEE VALLEY,
347
00:22:54,640 --> 00:22:58,110
{\an7}\h\h\h\hAN AREA HIT HARD
BY THE GREAT DEPRESSION.
348
00:23:00,779 --> 00:23:04,850
{\an7}TODAY THE TVA IS THE LARGEST
\h\h\h\hPUBLIC POWER COMPANY
349
00:23:04,884 --> 00:23:06,519
{\an7}IN THE UNITED STATES
350
00:23:06,552 --> 00:23:09,221
{\an7}AND PROVIDES ELECTRICITY
\hFOR MOST OF TENNESSEE
351
00:23:09,255 --> 00:23:13,292
{\an7}AND PARTS OF ALABAMA, GEORGIA,
\h\h\h\hKENTUCKY, MISSISSIPPI,
352
00:23:13,325 --> 00:23:15,961
{\an7}NORTH CAROLINA AND VIRGINIA...
353
00:23:15,995 --> 00:23:22,168
{\an7}\h\hAN AREA WITH A POPULATION
OF MORE THAN 8 MILLION PEOPLE.
354
00:23:22,201 --> 00:23:25,171
{\an7}IN THE 1960s THE TVA
WAS LOOKING FOR WAYS
355
00:23:25,204 --> 00:23:27,807
{\an7}TO MEET THE GROWING DEMAND
\h\h\h\h\h\hFOR MORE POWER
356
00:23:27,840 --> 00:23:31,210
{\an7}TO RUN NEW APPLIANCES
\h\hIN PEOPLE‘S HOMES.
357
00:23:31,243 --> 00:23:33,078
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHE IDEA WAS
TO CREATE A RESERVOIR
358
00:23:33,112 --> 00:23:35,014
{\an7}ON TOP OF RACCOON MOUNTAIN
359
00:23:35,047 --> 00:23:37,383
{\an7}AND THEN FUNNEL THE WATER
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hTO A TURBINE
360
00:23:37,416 --> 00:23:40,886
{\an7}\h\hA THOUSAND FEET
UNDER THE MOUNTAIN.
361
00:23:40,920 --> 00:23:43,322
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIT WAS CALLED
A WASTE OF TAXPAYERS‘ MONEY,
362
00:23:43,355 --> 00:23:47,092
{\an7}WILD-EYED, AND IMPRACTICAL.
363
00:23:47,126 --> 00:23:52,398
{\an7}DESPITE THE SCANDAL,
THE TVA BEGAN WORK.
364
00:23:52,431 --> 00:23:55,100
{\an7}OVER EIGHT YEARS,
\h\hA MANMADE LAKE
365
00:23:55,134 --> 00:23:58,104
{\an7}\hHOLDING 60 MILLION
CUBIC YARDS OF WATER
366
00:23:58,137 --> 00:24:01,173
{\an7}WAS CREATED ON TOP
OF THE MOUNTAIN...
367
00:24:01,206 --> 00:24:06,478
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAND SEALED BY
AN 8,500-FOOT-LONG DAM.
368
00:24:06,512 --> 00:24:10,116
{\an7}\h\h\hDEEP BELOW THE LAKE
SITS A TURBINE PUMP HOUSE
369
00:24:10,149 --> 00:24:12,585
{\an7}\h\hTHAT RELEASES WATER
FROM THE DAM WHEN NEEDED
370
00:24:12,618 --> 00:24:15,321
{\an7}AND THEN PUMPS IT
BACK UP TO THE TOP
371
00:24:15,354 --> 00:24:20,059
{\an7}AT A RATE OF SEVEN MILLION
\h\h\hGALLONS PER MINUTE.
372
00:24:20,092 --> 00:24:25,230
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTODAY IT‘S CONSIDERED
A MODERN MARVEL OF ENGINEERING.
373
00:24:28,400 --> 00:24:30,702
{\an7}THE GIANT FACTORY FEEL
\h\h\h\h\hOF THIS AREA
374
00:24:30,736 --> 00:24:33,339
{\an7}IS IN STARK CONTRAST
TO THE ROLLING HILLS
375
00:24:33,372 --> 00:24:38,244
{\an7}OF MIDDLE TENNESSEE‘S
\hPLANTATION COUNTRY.
376
00:24:38,277 --> 00:24:41,247
{\an7}THIS NEARLY 6,000-ACRE
\h\h\h\h\h\hPLANTATION
377
00:24:41,280 --> 00:24:44,850
{\an7}WAS WON IN A GAME OF CHANCE.
378
00:24:44,883 --> 00:24:47,652
{\an7}RATTLE AND SNAP PLANTATION
\h\h\h\h\h\hIS AN EXAMPLE
379
00:24:47,686 --> 00:24:49,988
{\an7}\hOF THE LAVISH SCALE
OF MANY SOUTHERN HOMES
380
00:24:50,022 --> 00:24:53,659
{\an7}BUILT BEFORE THE CIVIL WAR.
381
00:24:53,692 --> 00:24:56,662
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hWILLIAM POLK BUILT
THE RATTLE AND SNAP PLANTATION
382
00:24:56,695 --> 00:25:00,098
{\an7}FOR HIS SON GEORGE.
383
00:25:00,132 --> 00:25:01,967
{\an7}POLK, ONE OF THE LARGEST
\h\h\h\h\h\hLANDHOLDERS
384
00:25:02,001 --> 00:25:03,970
{\an7}IN TENNESSEE AT THE TIME,
385
00:25:04,003 --> 00:25:06,239
{\an7}WON THE NEARLY 6,000-ACRE TRACT
386
00:25:06,271 --> 00:25:10,108
{\an7}\h\h\hIN A GAME OF CHANCE
THAT‘S PLAYED WITH BEADS.
387
00:25:10,142 --> 00:25:14,046
{\an7}THE GAME WAS CALLED
\h\hRATTLE AND SNAP.
388
00:25:17,282 --> 00:25:21,253
{\an7}BUILT IN 1853, BELLE MEADE
\h\h\h\h\hIS OFTEN CALLED
389
00:25:21,286 --> 00:25:25,791
{\an7}THE "QUEEN OF TENNESSEE
\h\h\h\h\hPLANTATIONS."
390
00:25:25,824 --> 00:25:29,261
{\an7}\hORIGINALLY SPANNING
MORE THAN 5,000 ACRES,
391
00:25:29,294 --> 00:25:34,299
{\an7}NEARLY 150 PEOPLE LIVED HERE--
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hMOSTLY SLAVES.
392
00:25:37,603 --> 00:25:40,172
{\an7}TODAY THE PROPERTY
\hCOVERS 30 ACRES
393
00:25:40,205 --> 00:25:42,374
{\an7}\h\h\h\hAND INCLUDES
THE ORIGINAL MANSION
394
00:25:42,408 --> 00:25:47,580
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hAND SEVERAL OF
THE ORIGINAL OUTBUILDINGS.
395
00:25:47,613 --> 00:25:49,215
{\an7}IT‘S OWNED BY THE ASSOCIATION
396
00:25:49,248 --> 00:25:53,119
{\an7}\h\h\hFOR THE PRESERVATION
OF TENNESSEE ANTIQUITIES.
397
00:26:00,726 --> 00:26:04,430
{\an7}\h\h\h\hOUTSIDE OF NASHVILLE
SITS THE CARNTON PLANTATION.
398
00:26:04,463 --> 00:26:06,231
{\an7}BUILT IN 1826,
399
00:26:06,265 --> 00:26:09,502
{\an7}THE HOME WAS THE LOCATION
OF LARGE SOCIAL GATHERINGS
400
00:26:09,535 --> 00:26:13,739
{\an7}AND VISITS FROM PRESIDENTS
\h\hAND BUSINESS LEADERS.
401
00:26:13,772 --> 00:26:17,009
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hBUT THAT ALL CHANGED
AT FOUR O‘CLOCK IN THE AFTERNOON
402
00:26:17,042 --> 00:26:20,078
{\an7}OF NOVEMBER 30, 1864,
403
00:26:20,112 --> 00:26:23,315
{\an7}WHEN CARNTON CAME UNDER ATTACK
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBY UNION TROOPS.
404
00:26:25,784 --> 00:26:29,588
{\an7}IN ONLY FIVE HOURS OF FIGHTING,
MORE THAN 9,000 SOLDIERS
405
00:26:29,621 --> 00:26:32,724
{\an7}WERE KILLED, WOUNDED
OR UNACCOUNTED FOR--
406
00:26:32,758 --> 00:26:37,296
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hMOST OF THEM
CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS.
407
00:26:37,329 --> 00:26:40,032
{\an7}\h\h\hTHE CONFEDERACY
ALSO LOST 12 GENERALS
408
00:26:40,065 --> 00:26:42,367
{\an7}AS CASUALTIES THAT DAY.
409
00:26:44,169 --> 00:26:47,773
{\an7}SOON THE ELEGANTLY MANICURED
\h\h\h\h\h\hLAWNS AT CARNTON
410
00:26:47,806 --> 00:26:51,576
{\an7}WERE FILLED WITH THE INJURED
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND DYING.
411
00:26:51,610 --> 00:26:53,178
{\an7}\h\h\hIT IS SAID THAT
THE FLOORS OF THE HOME
412
00:26:53,212 --> 00:26:56,649
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hARE STILL STAINED
WITH THE BLOOD OF SOLDIERS--
413
00:26:56,682 --> 00:27:00,052
{\an7}\h\h\h\hAND MANY OF THEIR GHOSTS
ARE RUMORED TO BE HERE AS WELL.
414
00:27:05,791 --> 00:27:07,993
{\an7}CARNTON WAS NOT THE ONLY PLACE
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN TENNESSEE
415
00:27:08,026 --> 00:27:10,662
{\an7}BLOODIED BY CIVIL WAR BATTLES.
416
00:27:10,696 --> 00:27:12,965
{\an7}TENNESSEE WAS THE LAST STATE
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN THE SOUTH
417
00:27:12,998 --> 00:27:15,367
{\an7}TO JOIN THE CONFEDERACY.
418
00:27:21,340 --> 00:27:22,975
{\an7}BUT WHEN PRESIDENT LINCOLN
419
00:27:23,008 --> 00:27:25,244
{\an7}CALLED FOR REBEL STATES
\h\h\h\h\hTO BE SUBDUED,
420
00:27:25,277 --> 00:27:26,812
{\an7}SOME TENNESSEANS TOOK UP ARMS
421
00:27:26,845 --> 00:27:32,317
{\an7}WITH THEIR FELLOW SOUTHERNERS
\h\h\h\h\hIN THE CONFEDERACY.
422
00:27:32,351 --> 00:27:33,919
{\an7}THE EASTERN PART OF THE STATE
423
00:27:33,952 --> 00:27:37,756
{\an7}REMAINED LOYAL TO THE UNION
\h\h\h\hTHROUGHOUT THE WAR.
424
00:27:42,027 --> 00:27:44,129
{\an7}MORE CIVIL WAR BATTLES
\h\h\hWERE FOUGHT HERE
425
00:27:44,163 --> 00:27:47,667
{\an7}THAN IN ANY OTHER STATE
\h\h\h\hEXCEPT VIRGINIA.
426
00:27:47,699 --> 00:27:51,736
{\an7}ONE WAS THE BATTLE
\hOF STONES RIVER.
427
00:27:54,273 --> 00:27:56,876
{\an7}80,000 CONFEDERATE
AND UNION SOLDIERS
428
00:27:56,909 --> 00:28:00,513
{\an7}FOUGHT FOR THREE DAYS.
429
00:28:00,546 --> 00:28:04,050
{\an7}\hTHERE WERE OVER
23,000 CASUALTIES,
430
00:28:04,082 --> 00:28:06,017
{\an7}AND ALTHOUGH THE UNION
\h\hCLAIMED A VICTORY
431
00:28:06,051 --> 00:28:08,820
{\an7}\h\hAND TOOK CONTROL
OF MIDDLE TENNESSEE,
432
00:28:08,854 --> 00:28:12,157
{\an7}IT CAME WITH A HEAVY PRICE.
433
00:28:12,191 --> 00:28:15,628
{\an7}THEY LOST MORE THAN 13,000
\h\h\h\hOF THEIR SOLDIERS
434
00:28:15,661 --> 00:28:17,696
{\an7}\h\h\h\hIN WHAT WAS ONE
OF THE BLOODIEST BATTLES
435
00:28:17,729 --> 00:28:20,165
{\an7}FOUGHT ON THE WESTERN FRONT.
436
00:28:26,672 --> 00:28:30,543
{\an7}TODAY THE BATTLEFIELD
\hIS A NATIONAL PARK.
437
00:28:30,576 --> 00:28:35,748
{\an7}\h\h\hAMONG ITS 700 ACRES IS THE
STONES RIVER NATIONAL CEMETERY,
438
00:28:35,781 --> 00:28:37,883
{\an7}ESTABLISHED IN 1865
439
00:28:37,916 --> 00:28:41,520
{\an7}AND FILLED WITH MORE THAN
\h\h\h\h6,000 UNION GRAVES
440
00:28:41,553 --> 00:28:44,990
{\an7}AND MORE THAN 2,000 UNKNOWNS.
441
00:28:46,291 --> 00:28:49,694
{\an7}MORE THAN 4,000 ACRES
REST IN PRIVATE HANDS
442
00:28:49,728 --> 00:28:54,700
{\an7}AND HAVE BEEN CONSUMED BY NEW
DEVELOPMENT AND URBAN SPRAWL.
443
00:28:54,733 --> 00:28:56,802
{\an7}LOCAL CONSERVATION GROUPS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hARE WORKING
444
00:28:56,835 --> 00:28:58,937
{\an7}TO TRY AND PRESERVE THIS LAND
445
00:28:58,971 --> 00:29:02,274
{\an7}\hTHAT IS IN DANGER
OF BEING PAVED OVER.
446
00:29:08,146 --> 00:29:11,549
{\an7}WHEN THE LAST CANNONS FIRED
\h\hAT THE BATTLE OF SHILOH,
447
00:29:11,583 --> 00:29:15,120
{\an7}\h\h\hLOCATED A LITTLE MORE THAN
30 MILES AWAY FROM STONES RIVER,
448
00:29:15,153 --> 00:29:17,689
{\an7}NEARLY ANOTHER 24,000 SOLDIERS
449
00:29:17,723 --> 00:29:20,826
{\an7}WERE KILLED, WOUNDED
\h\h\hOR CAPTURED--
450
00:29:20,859 --> 00:29:24,730
{\an7}MORE THAN ALL THE CASUALTIES
\hOF THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR,
451
00:29:24,763 --> 00:29:29,701
{\an7}\h\h\hTHE WAR OF 1812 AND THE
MEXICAN-AMERICAN WAR COMBINED.
452
00:29:34,940 --> 00:29:38,010
{\an7}IRONICALLY, SHILOH
\hIS A HEBREW WORD
453
00:29:38,043 --> 00:29:41,246
{\an7}MEANING "PLACE OF PEACE."
454
00:29:42,881 --> 00:29:44,249
{\an7}GENERAL GRANT‘S MEN
455
00:29:44,283 --> 00:29:46,619
{\an7}BORE THE BRUNT OF THE FIGHTING
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hOVER TWO DAYS
456
00:29:46,652 --> 00:29:49,321
{\an7}WHEN THE CONFEDERATE ARMY
LAUNCHED A SURPRISE ATTACK
457
00:29:49,354 --> 00:29:54,726
{\an7}WHILE THE UNION SOLDIERS
\h\h\h\h\hATE BREAKFAST.
458
00:29:54,760 --> 00:29:57,563
{\an7}\h\h\hCRITICS CONDEMNED
GRANT‘S POOR PERFORMANCE
459
00:29:57,596 --> 00:30:02,000
{\an7}AND SUGGESTED THAT HE WAS DRUNK
LEADING UP TO THE ATTACK.
460
00:30:02,034 --> 00:30:04,169
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE NEXT DAY
HE COMMANDED HIS TROOPS
461
00:30:04,202 --> 00:30:06,938
{\an7}TO REGAIN THEIR LOST TERRITORY,
462
00:30:06,972 --> 00:30:09,208
{\an7}AND THAT‘S WHAT THEY DID.
463
00:30:16,782 --> 00:30:21,820
{\an7}ULTIMATELY THE SOUTH
WAS DEFEATED AGAIN.
464
00:30:21,853 --> 00:30:24,222
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAFTER THE BATTLE
THE UNION TROOPS GATHERED
465
00:30:24,256 --> 00:30:26,692
{\an7}AS MANY OF THE DEAD BODIES
\h\h\h\h\h\hAS THEY COULD
466
00:30:26,725 --> 00:30:30,229
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hAND BURIED THEM
WITH SIMPLE WOODEN CROSSES.
467
00:30:32,664 --> 00:30:38,703
{\an7}IN 1889 THE SHILOH NATIONAL
\hCEMETERY WAS CREATED HERE.
468
00:30:38,737 --> 00:30:47,746
{\an7}THERE ARE 3,584 CIVIL WAR DEAD--
2,359 OF THEM UNKNOWN.
469
00:30:52,451 --> 00:30:56,088
{\an7}\h\h\h\hANDREW JACKSON, THE 7th
PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES,
470
00:30:56,121 --> 00:30:57,623
{\an7}ARRIVED IN NASHVILLE
471
00:30:57,656 --> 00:31:00,292
{\an7}WHEN TENNESSEE WAS STILL
\h\h\h\h\hTHE FRONTIER.
472
00:31:03,095 --> 00:31:07,266
{\an7}\h\hHE BOUGHT 425 ACRES OF LAND
WHERE HE WOULD EVENTUALLY CREATE
473
00:31:07,299 --> 00:31:11,703
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hHIS STATELY SOUTHERN
PLANTATION HOME, THE HERMITAGE.
474
00:31:14,039 --> 00:31:15,707
{\an7}JACKSON WAS NOT AN ARISTOCRAT
475
00:31:15,741 --> 00:31:18,143
{\an7}LIKE THE PRESIDENTS
\hWHO PRECEDED HIM.
476
00:31:18,176 --> 00:31:21,279
{\an7}\hHE WAS A SCRAPPY,
SHORT-TEMPERED MAN.
477
00:31:25,183 --> 00:31:27,719
{\an7}AT THE HERMITAGE
\hHE GREW COTTON
478
00:31:27,753 --> 00:31:31,323
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAND ADVANCED
HIS POLITICAL CAREER.
479
00:31:31,356 --> 00:31:34,192
{\an7}JACKSON LED THE AMERICAN FORCES
TO DEFEAT THE BRITISH
480
00:31:34,226 --> 00:31:37,996
{\an7}AT THE BATTLE OF NEW ORLEANS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN 1812.
481
00:31:38,029 --> 00:31:39,330
{\an7}HIS ROLE IN THAT BATTLE
482
00:31:39,364 --> 00:31:44,102
{\an7}\h\h\hHELPED JACKSON WIN
THE PRESIDENCY IN 1828.
483
00:31:44,136 --> 00:31:46,038
{\an7}HE SERVED TWO TERMS.
484
00:31:46,071 --> 00:31:49,374
{\an7}PROBABLY THE MOST CONTROVERSIAL
ASPECT OF HIS PRESIDENCY,
485
00:31:49,408 --> 00:31:51,677
{\an7}BY MODERN STANDARDS,
\h\h\h\hWAS HIS PLAN
486
00:31:51,710 --> 00:31:54,780
{\an7}TO REMOVE NATIVE AMERICANS
\h\h\h\h\hFROM THEIR LAND,
487
00:31:54,813 --> 00:31:59,785
{\an7}\hULTIMATELY CAUSING
THE TRAIL OF TEARS.
488
00:31:59,818 --> 00:32:02,888
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTODAY THE HERMITAGE IS
A POPULAR TOURIST DESTINATION
489
00:32:02,921 --> 00:32:07,025
{\an7}AND ONE OF THE OLDEST HISTORIC
\hSITE MUSEUMS IN THE COUNTRY.
490
00:32:07,058 --> 00:32:10,228
{\an7}\h\h\hSITUATED AS IT IS
JUST OUTSIDE NASHVILLE,
491
00:32:10,262 --> 00:32:12,998
{\an7}TENNESSEE‘S STATE CAPITAL.
492
00:32:13,999 --> 00:32:16,668
{\an7}SOME PEOPLE CALL IT TWANG TOWN.
493
00:32:16,701 --> 00:32:19,704
{\an7}LOCALS CALL IT NASHVEGAS.
494
00:32:19,738 --> 00:32:22,908
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND WHILE IT IS
THE STATE CAPITAL OF TENNESSEE,
495
00:32:22,941 --> 00:32:25,877
{\an7}IT‘S BEST KNOWN AS MUSIC CITY
496
00:32:25,911 --> 00:32:30,082
{\an7}\h\hAND MOST OF THE WORLDS TOP
COUNTRY SINGERS CALL IT HOME.
497
00:32:31,383 --> 00:32:33,252
{\an7}NASHVILLE HAS SEEN
\hA TRANSFORMATION
498
00:32:33,285 --> 00:32:36,622
{\an7}FROM A FRONTIER SETTLEMENT
\h\h\h\hTO A THRIVING CITY
499
00:32:36,655 --> 00:32:39,691
{\an7}WITH A FOOTBALL FRANCHISE,
\h\h\h\h\h\hA HOCKEY TEAM
500
00:32:39,724 --> 00:32:43,828
{\an7}AND THE SLICKER, GLOSSIER WORLD
OF TODAY‘S COUNTRY MUSICIANS.
501
00:32:47,332 --> 00:32:50,068
{\an7}THE COUNTRY MUSIC HALL OF FAME
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN NASHVILLE
502
00:32:50,101 --> 00:32:51,769
{\an7}IS FILLED WITH MEMENTOS
503
00:32:51,803 --> 00:32:55,206
{\an7}FROM SOME OF COUNTRY MUSIC‘S
\h\h\hMOST STORIED VETERANS.
504
00:32:55,240 --> 00:32:58,877
{\an7}PATSY CLINE, ELVIS PRESLEY
\h\h\h\h\hAND JOHNNY CASH,
505
00:32:58,910 --> 00:33:03,615
{\an7}AND ONE OF ITS FIRST INDUCTEES,
HANK WILLIAMS, SR.
506
00:33:08,153 --> 00:33:12,491
{\an7}\h\hTHE BUILDING IS
130,000 SQUARE FEET.
507
00:33:12,524 --> 00:33:14,593
{\an7}DEPENDING ON WHAT ANGLE
\h\h\h\hIT‘S VIEWED FROM
508
00:33:14,626 --> 00:33:20,098
{\an7}\h\h\hIT RESEMBLES A PIANO,
THE FIN TAIL OF A CADILLAC,
509
00:33:20,131 --> 00:33:24,469
{\an7}\h\h\hA BASS CLEF
OR A RADIO TOWER.
510
00:33:25,670 --> 00:33:27,805
{\an7}THE MUSEUM IS FILLED
\h\h\hWITH ARTIFACTS
511
00:33:27,839 --> 00:33:31,176
{\an7}THAT TRACE THE HISTORY
\h\hOF COUNTRY MUSIC.
512
00:33:36,281 --> 00:33:38,984
{\an7}NASHVILLE‘S RISE AS THE CAPITAL
OF COUNTRY MUSIC
513
00:33:39,017 --> 00:33:43,288
{\an7}CAME BECAUSE OF THE POPULARITY
\h\h\h\h\hOF A RADIO STATION.
514
00:33:43,321 --> 00:33:48,193
{\an7}WSM BEGAN BROADCASTING IN 1925.
515
00:33:48,226 --> 00:33:50,395
{\an7}A LIVE RADIO SHOW PRODUCED HERE
516
00:33:50,428 --> 00:33:55,033
{\an7}WOULD CHANGE THE COUNTRY MUSIC
\h\h\h\h\h\hINDUSTRY FOREVER--
517
00:33:55,066 --> 00:33:58,636
{\an7}IT‘S THE GRAND OLE OPRY.
518
00:33:58,670 --> 00:34:02,807
{\an7}THE FIRST BROADCAST TOOK PLACE
\h\h\h\h\h\hIN OCTOBER OF 1925
519
00:34:02,841 --> 00:34:06,044
{\an7}AND PLAYED AT THIS BUILDING--
\h\h\h\hTHE RYMAN AUDITORIUM--
520
00:34:06,077 --> 00:34:10,181
{\an7}FROM 1943 TO 1974.
521
00:34:10,215 --> 00:34:11,650
{\an7}THE GRAND OLE OPRY
522
00:34:11,683 --> 00:34:14,953
{\an7}IS THE LONGEST CONTINUOUS
\hRUNNING LIVE RADIO SHOW
523
00:34:14,986 --> 00:34:17,522
{\an7}IN U.S. HISTORY.
524
00:34:17,556 --> 00:34:21,527
{\an7}IN 1954, A TEENAGER
NAMED ELVIS PRESLEY
525
00:34:21,560 --> 00:34:24,830
{\an7}WALKED THROUGH THESE DOORS
\h\h\hAND PERFORMED HERE.
526
00:34:24,863 --> 00:34:27,165
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hWHEN HE WAS DONE,
ONE OF THE SHOW‘S ORGANIZERS
527
00:34:27,198 --> 00:34:29,667
{\an7}TOLD HIM HE SHOULD STICK
\h\h\h\h\hTO HIS DAY JOB
528
00:34:29,701 --> 00:34:32,103
{\an7}AS A TRUCKER IN MEMPHIS.
529
00:34:32,137 --> 00:34:35,874
{\an7}ELVIS NEVER PERFORMED
\h\hAT THE OPRY AGAIN.
530
00:34:35,907 --> 00:34:39,844
{\an7}NEVERTHELESS, TODAY THE OPRY
\h\h\h\h\hIS AN INSTITUTION.
531
00:34:39,878 --> 00:34:41,680
{\an7}IT‘S NOT JUST A TENNESSEE ICON
532
00:34:41,713 --> 00:34:44,816
{\an7}BUT ALSO A POTENT SYMBOL
\h\hOF AMERICAN CULTURE.
533
00:34:48,219 --> 00:34:50,188
{\an7}OF COURSE, NASHVILLE‘S
\h\h\h\hHISTORY BEGAN
534
00:34:50,221 --> 00:34:52,590
{\an7}LONG BEFORE HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS
535
00:34:52,624 --> 00:34:57,496
{\an7}OR WHEN THE FIRST COUNTRY SINGER
CAME TO TOWN.
536
00:34:57,529 --> 00:35:03,969
{\an7}NASHVILLE BECAME THE PERMANENT
CAPITAL OF TENNESSEE IN 1843.
537
00:35:04,002 --> 00:35:09,007
{\an7}\hTWO YEARS LATER WORK BEGAN
ON A STATE CAPITOL BUILDING.
538
00:35:09,040 --> 00:35:10,909
{\an7}\h\h\hTHE ARCHITECT,
WILLIAM STRICKLAND,
539
00:35:10,942 --> 00:35:13,745
{\an7}DIED WHILE THE CAPITAL
\h\h\hWAS BEING BUILT
540
00:35:13,778 --> 00:35:15,280
{\an7}AND ACCORDING TO HIS WISHES
541
00:35:15,313 --> 00:35:19,717
{\an7}WAS BURIED IN THE WALLS
\h\h\h\hOF THE BUILDING.
542
00:35:19,751 --> 00:35:22,187
{\an7}COMPLETED IN 1859,
543
00:35:22,220 --> 00:35:27,325
{\an7}THE CAPITAL SITS ON A HILL
\h\hOVERLOOKING THE CITY.
544
00:35:27,359 --> 00:35:29,862
{\an7}\h\hMANY OF TENNESSEE‘S
MOST PROMINENT CITIZENS
545
00:35:29,894 --> 00:35:31,896
{\an7}ARE HONORED HERE.
546
00:35:31,930 --> 00:35:36,835
{\an7}\h\h\hPRESIDENT JAMES POLK AND
HIS WIFE ARE BOTH BURIED HERE.
547
00:35:36,868 --> 00:35:38,503
{\an7}THE GREEK REVIVAL BUILDING
548
00:35:38,536 --> 00:35:43,708
{\an7}\hIS ONE OF THE OLDEST WORKING
STATE CAPITOLS IN THE COUNTRY.
549
00:35:43,742 --> 00:35:48,914
{\an7}AT THE TIME NASHVILLE WAS DUBBED
THE ATHENS OF THE SOUTH.
550
00:35:48,947 --> 00:35:50,949
{\an7}SO THE CITIZENS BUILT THEMSELVES
551
00:35:50,982 --> 00:35:53,718
{\an7}\h\h\hAN EXACT REPLICA
OF THE GREEK PARTHENON
552
00:35:53,752 --> 00:35:58,590
{\an7}FOR THE STATE‘S CENTENNIAL
\h\h\hCELEBRATION IN 1897.
553
00:36:09,267 --> 00:36:11,536
{\an7}SO MANY OF AMERICA‘S CHARACTERS
554
00:36:11,569 --> 00:36:14,205
{\an7}HAVE COME FROM THESE
\h\h\hROLLING HILLS:
555
00:36:14,239 --> 00:36:19,544
{\an7}\h\h\hTHE FAMOUS FRONTIERSMAN
DAVY CROCKETT AND SAM HOUSTON.
556
00:36:19,577 --> 00:36:22,480
{\an7}\h\h\h\hBUT MANY WOULD ARGUE
THAT YOU‘D HAVE TO HEAD WEST
557
00:36:22,514 --> 00:36:26,284
{\an7}\hTO FIND TENNESSEE‘S
MOST VIVID CHARACTERS.
558
00:36:26,317 --> 00:36:28,052
{\an7}\h\h\h\hSEPARATED FROM
THE REST OF THE STATE
559
00:36:28,086 --> 00:36:29,788
{\an7}BY THE TENNESSEE RIVER,
560
00:36:29,821 --> 00:36:34,793
{\an7}WEST TENNESSEE HAS ITS OWN
\h\hCULTURE AND FOLKLORE.
561
00:36:34,826 --> 00:36:38,596
{\an7}HIGHWAY 61, ALSO KNOWN
\hAS THE BLUES TRAIL,
562
00:36:38,630 --> 00:36:41,533
{\an7}\h\hCUTS NORTH THROUGH
THE MISSISSIPPI DELTA,
563
00:36:41,566 --> 00:36:43,735
{\an7}THE BIRTHPLACE OF THE BLUES--
564
00:36:43,768 --> 00:36:46,104
{\an7}AND LEADS TO MEMPHIS,
\hTHE BREEDING GROUND
565
00:36:46,137 --> 00:36:51,175
{\an7}OF SOME OF AMERICA‘S GREATEST
\hMUSICAL GIFTS TO THE WORLD.
566
00:36:51,209 --> 00:36:53,178
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hSITTING RIGHT
ON THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER,
567
00:36:53,211 --> 00:36:56,614
{\an7}IN ITS EARLY DAYS MEMPHIS
\h\h\hWAS A BUSY PORT CITY
568
00:36:56,648 --> 00:37:01,586
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAND A CENTER FOR
THE SOUTHERN SLAVE TRADE.
569
00:37:01,619 --> 00:37:04,222
{\an7}THE SOIL AND CLIMATE OF MUCH
\h\h\h\h\hOF WEST TENNESSEE
570
00:37:04,255 --> 00:37:06,624
{\an7}WERE PERFECT FOR GROWING COTTON
571
00:37:06,658 --> 00:37:08,994
{\an7}\h\h\hAND AS A RESULT,
MUCH OF THE LAND HERE
572
00:37:09,027 --> 00:37:13,798
{\an7}\h\h\h\hWAS DOMINATED
BY LARGE PLANTATIONS.
573
00:37:13,832 --> 00:37:17,703
{\an7}COTTON WAS KING.
574
00:37:17,736 --> 00:37:21,807
{\an7}BUT HAVING SO MUCH COTTON WAS
ONLY GOOD IF IT COULD BE SOLD.
575
00:37:21,840 --> 00:37:28,747
{\an7}\h\h\h\hIN 1873, THE MEMPHIS
COTTON EXCHANGE WAS CREATED.
576
00:37:28,780 --> 00:37:31,683
{\an7}COTTON FARMERS WOULD COME
TO THIS BUILDING DOWNTOWN
577
00:37:31,716 --> 00:37:33,651
{\an7}AND SELL THEIR HARVEST
\h\h\h\h\h\hTO TRADERS
578
00:37:33,685 --> 00:37:37,622
{\an7}\h\hWHO WOULD THEN SELL IT
TO TEXTILE MANUFACTURERS.
579
00:37:37,655 --> 00:37:40,992
{\an7}\h\h\hTHE COTTON WAS SHIPPED
OUT OF MEMPHIS ON STEAMBOATS
580
00:37:41,025 --> 00:37:44,061
{\an7}AND IN LATER YEARS ON TRAINS.
581
00:37:45,630 --> 00:37:48,766
{\an7}\h\hTHE COTTON FIELDS
WERE WORKED BY SLAVES.
582
00:37:53,605 --> 00:37:56,007
{\an7}DURING THEIR ARDUOUS DAYS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN THE FIELD
583
00:37:56,040 --> 00:38:01,012
{\an7}\h\h\hTHEY WOULD SING AND CLAP,
DO FIELD HOLLERS AND WORK SONGS.
584
00:38:01,045 --> 00:38:02,914
{\an7}THEIR METHODS FOR CREATING MUSIC
585
00:38:02,947 --> 00:38:07,018
{\an7}\h\hWOULD HAVE A LASTING IMPACT
ON EVERY FORM OF AMERICAN MUSIC,
586
00:38:07,051 --> 00:38:09,754
{\an7}BEGINNING WITH THE BLUES.
587
00:38:12,524 --> 00:38:16,628
{\an7}AFRICAN AMERICAN MUSICIAN
AND BANDLEADER W.C. HANDY
588
00:38:16,661 --> 00:38:19,797
{\an7}\h\h\h\hBEGAN TO EXPERIMENT WITH
THE UNUSUAL RHYTHMS AND CADENCE
589
00:38:19,831 --> 00:38:23,034
{\an7}OF THE FORMER SLAVES‘ MUSIC.
590
00:38:23,067 --> 00:38:24,969
{\an7}AT HIS HEADQUARTERS
\h\hON BEALE STREET,
591
00:38:25,003 --> 00:38:30,575
{\an7}\h\hHANDY WROTE A WILDLY POPULAR
SONG CALLED "THE MEMPHIS BLUES."
592
00:38:30,608 --> 00:38:34,145
{\an7}HANDY BROUGHT THE MUSIC
TO A MUCH WIDER AUDIENCE
593
00:38:34,179 --> 00:38:37,983
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hAND TODAY IS KNOWN
AS THE FATHER OF THE BLUES.
594
00:38:39,250 --> 00:38:44,021
{\an7}AND HERE ON BEALE STREET
\hIT WAS BLUES CENTRAL.
595
00:38:46,524 --> 00:38:48,893
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hBY THE 1920s,
THE SOUNDS OF THE BLUES
596
00:38:48,927 --> 00:38:51,296
{\an7}RANG OUT ON THE STREETS
\h\h\h\h\h\hOF MEMPHIS.
597
00:38:51,329 --> 00:38:55,033
{\an7}ESPECIALLY HERE ON BEALE STREET.
598
00:38:55,066 --> 00:38:56,701
{\an7}IN THESE CLUBS AND RESTAURANTS
599
00:38:56,734 --> 00:39:00,304
{\an7}WAS PLAYED SOME OF THE HOTTEST
\h\h\h\hMUSIC IN THE COUNTRY.
600
00:39:04,742 --> 00:39:08,546
{\an7}\h\h\hOVER THE NEXT 20 YEARS,
LOUIS ARMSTRONG, MUDDY WATERS
601
00:39:08,580 --> 00:39:12,617
{\an7}AND MANY OTHER BLUES LEGENDS
\hPERFORMED ON BEALE STREET.
602
00:39:23,261 --> 00:39:25,163
{\an7}IN THE ‘70s, BEALE STREET
603
00:39:25,196 --> 00:39:27,765
{\an7}WAS OFFICIALLY DECLARED
"THE HOME OF THE BLUES"
604
00:39:27,799 --> 00:39:31,002
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hBY AN ACT OF
THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS.
605
00:39:39,644 --> 00:39:43,615
{\an7}IT‘S ONE OF THE MOST STORIED
ADDRESSES IN POPULAR MUSIC.
606
00:39:43,648 --> 00:39:47,118
{\an7}AND NOT TOO FAR AWAY
THERE‘S ANOTHER ONE.
607
00:39:49,254 --> 00:39:51,623
{\an7}ON JULY 5th IN 1954,
608
00:39:51,656 --> 00:39:55,226
{\an7}\hSAM PHILLIPS WAS SITTING IN
HIS OFFICE HERE AT SUN RECORDS
609
00:39:55,260 --> 00:39:57,529
{\an7}WHEN A 19-YEAR-OLD
WALKED IN THE DOOR
610
00:39:57,562 --> 00:40:01,066
{\an7}AND SANG "THAT‘S ALL RIGHT."
611
00:40:01,099 --> 00:40:03,234
{\an7}\h\hTHAT YOUNG MAN
WAS ELVIS PRESLEY,
612
00:40:03,268 --> 00:40:07,706
{\an7}\h\hAND THE SONG BECAME
AN OVERNIGHT SENSATION.
613
00:40:07,739 --> 00:40:10,008
{\an7}DURING THE HOURLY TOURS
\h\h\h\h\h\hGIVEN HERE,
614
00:40:10,041 --> 00:40:12,143
{\an7}VISITORS CAN TOUCH
\h\hTHE MICROPHONE
615
00:40:12,176 --> 00:40:15,146
{\an7}AND STAND ON THE EXACT SPOT
\h\h\h\h\hWHERE ELVIS STOOD
616
00:40:15,179 --> 00:40:19,150
{\an7}TO RECORD HIS FIRST SONG.
617
00:40:19,183 --> 00:40:21,686
{\an7}\h\hFOR THOSE WHO NEED
A BIGGER FIX OF ELVIS,
618
00:40:21,719 --> 00:40:24,155
{\an7}THERE‘S PLENTY TO BE SEEN
\h\hJUST A SHORT WAY SOUTH
619
00:40:24,188 --> 00:40:28,259
{\an7}ON OLD U.S. HIGHWAY 51.
620
00:40:28,293 --> 00:40:30,595
{\an7}WHEN HE WAS JUST 22 YEARS OLD,
621
00:40:30,628 --> 00:40:35,133
{\an7}ELVIS BOUGHT GRACELAND,
\h\h\hA 14-ACRE ESTATE.
622
00:40:38,903 --> 00:40:41,939
{\an7}HE DIED HERE 20 YEARS LATER.
623
00:40:41,973 --> 00:40:48,112
{\an7}IN 1982, GRACELAND OPENED
TO THE PUBLIC AS A MUSEUM.
624
00:40:48,146 --> 00:40:52,183
{\an7}TOURISTS CAN EVEN VISIT
ONE OF HIS PRIVATE JETS.
625
00:40:52,216 --> 00:40:54,652
{\an7}NEARLY 650,000 VISITORS
626
00:40:54,686 --> 00:40:58,256
{\an7}\h\hMAKE THE PILGRIMAGE
TO GRACELAND EACH YEAR.
627
00:40:59,757 --> 00:41:02,627
{\an7}ELVIS‘S NAME IS SYNONYMOUS
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hWITH MEMPHIS
628
00:41:02,660 --> 00:41:05,663
{\an7}AND THE CITY OFTEN GETS CREDITED
AS THE HOME OF THE BLUES
629
00:41:05,697 --> 00:41:08,600
{\an7}\hAND THE PLACE WHERE
ROCK-N-ROLL WAS BORN,
630
00:41:08,633 --> 00:41:10,869
{\an7}BUT ITS CONTRIBUTIONS
\h\h\h\hTO SOUL MUSIC
631
00:41:10,902 --> 00:41:13,238
{\an7}ARE OFTEN OVERLOOKED.
632
00:41:13,271 --> 00:41:16,508
{\an7}\h\h\hMEMPHIS SOUL GOT
SOME ATTENTION IN 2000
633
00:41:16,541 --> 00:41:18,309
{\an7}WHEN THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
634
00:41:18,343 --> 00:41:22,881
{\an7}OPENED ITS 8,000-SQUARE-FOOT
MEMPHIS ROCK AND SOUL MUSEUM
635
00:41:22,914 --> 00:41:25,617
{\an7}JUST OFF BEALE STREET--
636
00:41:25,650 --> 00:41:28,253
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHE SMITHSONIAN‘S
FIRST PERMANENT EXHIBITION
637
00:41:28,286 --> 00:41:31,823
{\an7}OUTSIDE OF WASHINGTON, D.C.,
\h\h\h\h\h\h\hAND NEW YORK.
638
00:41:33,091 --> 00:41:36,361
{\an7}\h\h\h\hMEMPHIS SOUL WAS
FURTHER HONORED IN 2003
639
00:41:36,394 --> 00:41:39,063
{\an7}WHEN THE STAX MUSEUM
\h\hOF AMERICAN SOUL
640
00:41:39,097 --> 00:41:41,833
{\an7}WAS OPENED HERE.
641
00:41:41,866 --> 00:41:44,001
{\an7}IN THE 1960s, STAX RECORDS
642
00:41:44,035 --> 00:41:47,138
{\an7}\h\hWAS THE SECOND BEST SOUL
RECORD LABEL IN THE COUNTRY,
643
00:41:47,171 --> 00:41:49,573
{\an7}AFTER MOTOWN.
644
00:41:49,607 --> 00:41:54,512
{\an7}MEMPHIS SOUL WAS GRITTIER
AND BORN OUT OF THE BLUES.
645
00:41:54,545 --> 00:41:57,548
{\an7}AL GREEN, ISAAC HAYES
\h\h\hAND OTIS REDDING
646
00:41:57,582 --> 00:42:01,186
{\an7}ARE ONLY A FEW OF THE ARTISTS
\h\h\h\hWHO RECORDED AT STAX.
647
00:42:04,722 --> 00:42:08,626
{\an7}BLACK AND WHITE MUSICIANS WORKED
ALONGSIDE EACH OTHER AT STAX,
648
00:42:08,659 --> 00:42:12,096
{\an7}A RARITY IN A LARGELY
\h\h\hSEGREGATED CITY.
649
00:42:15,166 --> 00:42:19,904
{\an7}BUT THAT RACIAL HARMONY
\hCAME TO AN END IN 1968
650
00:42:19,937 --> 00:42:22,273
{\an7}LARGELY BECAUSE OF EVENT
\h\h\h\hTHAT TOOK PLACE
651
00:42:22,306 --> 00:42:25,242
{\an7}\h\h\h\hNOT TOO FAR FROM
STAX RECORDING STUDIOS.
652
00:42:30,014 --> 00:42:34,051
{\an7}\h\h\h\hTHIS BUILDING IS PART OF
THE NATIONAL CIVIL RIGHTS MUSEUM
653
00:42:34,085 --> 00:42:36,054
{\an7}FOUNDED TO COMMEMORATE
\h\h\h\h\h\hTHE EVENTS
654
00:42:36,087 --> 00:42:39,324
{\an7}OF THE 4th OF APRIL, 1968.
655
00:42:46,564 --> 00:42:51,936
{\an7}ON THAT DATE, AT 6:01 P.M.,
\h\h\hMARTIN LUTHER KING JR.
656
00:42:51,969 --> 00:42:54,205
{\an7}WAS SHOT AND KILLED
\h\hHERE IN MEMPHIS
657
00:42:54,238 --> 00:42:57,041
{\an7}AT THE NEARBY LORRAINE MOTEL.
658
00:43:02,713 --> 00:43:05,115
{\an7}THIS BUILDING WAS ORIGINALLY
\h\h\h\h\hTHE ROOMING HOUSE
659
00:43:05,149 --> 00:43:06,617
{\an7}ACROSS FROM THE MOTEL
660
00:43:06,651 --> 00:43:11,289
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\h\hWHERE JAMES EARL RAY
ALLEGEDLY FIRED THE FATAL SHOT.
661
00:43:15,560 --> 00:43:19,497
{\an7}\h\h\h\h\hTHE MUSEUM CHRONICLES
THE STRUGGLE FOR RACIAL EQUALITY
662
00:43:19,530 --> 00:43:24,135
{\an7}\h\hFROM THE DAYS OF SLAVERY
UP THROUGH DR. KING‘S DEATH.
663
00:43:39,851 --> 00:43:42,320
{\an7}TODAY, MEMPHIS IS STILL
\h\h\hKNOWN AND VISITED
664
00:43:42,353 --> 00:43:46,324
{\an7}FOR THE MUSICAL REVOLUTIONS
\h\h\h\h\h\hTHAT BEGAN HERE.
665
00:43:46,357 --> 00:43:48,292
{\an7}IT‘S ALSO A FIVE-TIME WINNER
666
00:43:48,326 --> 00:43:53,031
{\an7}OF THE "NATION‘S CLEANEST CITY"
AWARD.
667
00:43:53,064 --> 00:43:58,469
{\an7}\hIN 1991, PLANNERS WANTED TO
CREATE A VISUAL LANDMARK HERE.
668
00:43:58,503 --> 00:44:03,141
{\an7}\h\h\hTHEY DECIDED TO BUILD
THE GREAT AMERICAN PYRAMID.
669
00:44:03,174 --> 00:44:05,576
{\an7}AT 321 FEET TALL,
670
00:44:05,610 --> 00:44:09,214
{\an7}IT‘S THE SIXTH LARGEST PYRAMID
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN THE WORLD.
671
00:44:09,247 --> 00:44:12,117
{\an7}ONCE USED AS A SPORTS ARENA
\h\h\h\h\hAND CONCERT VENUE,
672
00:44:12,150 --> 00:44:14,919
{\an7}TODAY IT STANDS EMPTY.
673
00:44:14,952 --> 00:44:21,992
{\an7}THE NEARBY FEDEX FORUM TOOK OVER
AS THE MAIN VENUE IN TOWN.
674
00:44:22,026 --> 00:44:25,129
{\an7}\h\h\hFEDEX FORUM IS
ONLY ONE SMALL PART
675
00:44:25,163 --> 00:44:28,266
{\an7}OF THE FEDERAL EXPRESS PRESENCE
HERE IN MEMPHIS.
676
00:44:28,299 --> 00:44:31,569
{\an7}THE COMPANY‘S HEADQUARTERS
\h\h\h\h\h\hARE HERE, TOO.
677
00:44:31,602 --> 00:44:34,305
{\an7}FEDEX IS THE LARGEST EMPLOYER
\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\h\hIN MEMPHIS
678
00:44:34,338 --> 00:44:39,410
{\an7}WITH MORE THAN 30,000 EMPLOYEES
AND A SUPER HUB AT THE AIRPORT.
679
00:44:41,879 --> 00:44:45,015
{\an7}SOMETIMES EVEN VINTAGE
\hWORLD WAR TWO PLANES
680
00:44:45,049 --> 00:44:46,684
{\an7}LIKE THIS HAWKER SEA FURY
681
00:44:46,717 --> 00:44:48,219
{\an7}FLY OVER MEMPHIS,
682
00:44:48,252 --> 00:44:50,554
{\an7}A CITY THAT WILL ALWAYS BE KNOWN
683
00:44:50,588 --> 00:44:53,758
{\an7}FOR THE RICH MUSICAL TRADITIONS
BORN HERE.
684
00:44:59,864 --> 00:45:04,068
{\an7}\hFROM ITS ANCIENT
EASTERN MOUNTAINS
685
00:45:04,101 --> 00:45:08,005
{\an7}TO ITS ROLLING CENTRAL HILLS...
686
00:45:08,039 --> 00:45:12,610
{\an7}AND VERY MUSICAL WEST END...
687
00:45:12,643 --> 00:45:17,715
{\an7}\hTENNESSEE TELLS THE STORY
OF AMERICA‘S EXPANSION WEST,
688
00:45:17,748 --> 00:45:23,487
{\an7}\h\hAND ALL OF THE CELEBRATION
AND SADNESS THAT CAME WITH IT.
689
00:45:23,521 --> 00:45:28,693
{\an7}FROM THE AIR, TENNESSEE
\hIS A NATURAL BEAUTY--
690
00:45:28,726 --> 00:45:35,800
{\an7}RUGGED, INVITING AND INFUSED
WITH THE SPIRIT OF A NATION.
82886
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