All language subtitles for Tankies Tank Heroes of World War II 1of2 720p HDTV_Subtitles01.ENG

The Second World War was
the ultimate conflict
of the machine age.

And this machine
was its iconic symbol,

the decisive
weapon of the war on land.

From north Africa to the Russian
front, tanks ruled the battlefield.

And if you didn't master armoured
warfare, you faced annihilation.

It's quite terrifying, really,

because you could see these
flashes of the enemy's guns

in the distance, and you think,
"Any minute, one of them is
going to hit me."

Tanks were there
at the beginning of the war,

and tanks were there at the end.

The men who fought inside them

had an exceptional
view of the entire conflict...

..from the fall of France,
to the deserts of Africa.

From D-Day to the final
victory in Germany.

As a young officer training
in the Royal Tank Regiment,

I was indoctrinated
in their exploits.

And who could fail to have been
awe-inspired by the way those men

faced death time and time again,
in these iron-clad monsters?

When I first went in, I thought it
was going to be great fun,
and all that.

But I realised it wasn't.

There was a tank near me, I saw just
blown to bits.

A couple of my mates
were in that. It was terrible.

The bond you established in Tank,

was not a normal
relationships of friends.

You were a partnership,
it was closer than friendship.

That crew were friends for life.

This is the story of six remarkable
men from one armoured unit,

The 5th Royal Tank Regiment,
5 RTR.

Or to those who really knew them,
the Filthy 5th.

Their war is brought to life not
only by the few surviving veterans,

but also by previously unseen
letters and diaries

that give us a real insight
of the visceral reality
of tank warfare.

Each of these men has his own story.

Some were wounded, some captured
and some were killed.

A few, the lucky few,
went all the way through.

Together their accounts form
a unique picture of the war.

And they weren't called
the Filthy 5th for nothing.

The Filthy 5th's odyssey began
at the very beginning of the war.

Not with a bang...but a whimper.

In June 1940, men from
the 5th Tanks are stuck at
Cherbourg, waiting for a ship home.

Having been bloodied
in the disastrous battle for France,

the unit was scattered.

Its men bitter and disillusioned.

It had, after all,
only arrived a few weeks earlier.

Their mission had been
straightforward enough...

to reinforce the British
expeditionary force in France,

and halt the German onslaught across
northern Europe.

But as they approached the River
Somme, in tanks that were fast

but poorly armoured and already
obsolete, the 5th Tanks

were given the sledgehammer
treatment by superior German
Panzers.

By 1940, the tank was the essential
component of warfare on the ground.

Yet Britain simply didn't
have what was needed.

In the years before the war,
they'd left it too late

to start their rearmament and there
was nobody for whom that failure

was more galling than
the Royal Tank Regiment.

Pursued by the German Panzer
divisions, the 5th Tanks
went to pieces,

claiming they never got any orders,
let alone food.

As they retreated along with
their French allies,

they left most of their
equipment behind.

It was a shambles on a grand scale.

During those few weeks in France,
they'd lost most of their tanks.

They could only claim a single,
knocked out German one,

and many of the soldiers confessed
they'd spent much of the time drunk.

The 5th Tanks' first
experience of the war had been
an exercise in humiliation.

Corporal Harry Finlayson, 25,
a regular,

had already seen service in India.

But commanding a tank in France
was bewildering.

Couldn't believe we'd be pushed back.

It never entered my head. I thought
we'd go straight into Germany,

was so sure about it.

When we started getting pushed
back, I couldn't believe it.

When you think of the tanks
the Germans had and the tanks we
had, they were all over us.

We didn't have a chance.

There were Germans everywhere, like.

Harry wasn't the only one dismayed
by the 5th's French farce.

A canny 25-year-old Glaswegian,
Trooper Jake Wardrop,

provided one of the most perceptive
accounts, written in a pocket diary.

"It was all as inadequate
as would have been an effort

"to tie down a mad bull with
white cotton.

"We had a ridiculously small
amount of material,

"and an even smaller
amount of organisation.

"My own opinion of the Somme episode

"was that it was a very
silly place to be."

Jake Waldrop was a great treasure
to the 5th Tanks.

He was no fool, he was able to
assess the situation very...

..adequately for his
own satisfaction.

Hence the diaries he wrote.

Which, of course,
he shouldn't have been writing.

Because if the tank was captured
and the diary was in it,

positions and the details
of the unit would be available.

But 5th Tanks had regard to
those rules which...

they liked to abide by,
and not those they didn't.

Back in England, the 5th Tanks
regrouped at an army base in Surrey.

Here, the old regulars were
joined by new recruits,

citizen soldiers,
like 24-year-old Gerry Solomon.

When I arrived, I felt like a fish
out of water, because there were we,
more or less rookies,

as they called them,
and all these other people

had just come back from France and
they were more hardened soldiers.

They didn't sort of include
you in their conversations.

"He's a new boy,
so he wouldn't understand it."

But, eventually, I was accepted.

And just as Trooper Solomon was
settling in,

5th Tanks was told to make
ready for active service abroad.

CROWDS CHEER

In June 1940, the Italian dictator,
Benito Mussolini,

declared war on Britain.

HE SPEAKS ITALIAN

CROWDS CHEER

His ambition was to conquer
British-occupied Egypt

and the strategically vital
Suez Canal.

Libya, an Italian colony, provided
the launching pad for this invasion.

By the autumn of 1940, the men
of 5th Tanks were on their way

to the Middle East to the Allied
garrison, protecting Egypt.

For some, it all seemed like
an adventure.

Well, I was excited about going
abroad and seeing the Middle East.

I was regarding it as a sort of
sightseeing tour,
more than anything.

On the morning of Christmas Eve,
1940, after almost two months
at sea,

the 5th Tanks gathered
in the Egyptian port of Alexandria.

Far from home, each man
thought of those they'd left behind.

My mother, she was very upset
because I was going.

She said to me, "Promise me,
Harry, that you'll come back."

I said, "Yeah, I promise you,
I'll come back." And she was crying.

I told her, "No, don't worry,
nobody there is going to kill me,

"I'll come back."

At the front, a small force
of Allied troops was giving

the Italian invaders a beating.

For the loss of only 500,
British forces had turned the tide
and advanced into Libya.

News that cheered the newly landed
5th Tanks.

When we arrived we'd heard they had
taken no end of Italian prisoners.

Everybody was very, sort of,
jubilant about it all,

because I think it was possible
we weren't going to be needed.

But if Gerry Solomon thought they
might be spared the unpleasantness

of actual fighting, they were about
to think again.

In February 1941,
a battle-hardened German force

arrived in North Africa to
rescue their Italian allies.

The Afrika Korps.

Armed with better tanks than
the British, the Afrika Korps

was led by a man who would change
the dynamic of desert warfare...

..Erwin Rommel.

Jake Wardrop described him
as the bold, bad policeman.

But he was more commonly
known as the Desert Fox.

The 5th Tanks had already
encountered Rommel in France.

But it was out here that the German
general's talents found
a perfect arena.

It was, he wrote, "The only
theatre where the principles

of motorised and tank warfare
could be applied to the full."

And he had big plans for
the Afrika Korps -

to conquer British Egypt and drive
onwards to the Arabian oil fields.

On 24th March, 1941,
Rommel launched an offensive.

British headquarters had believed
he wouldn't be ready for months.

So when, on April Fools' Day,
the 5th Tanks were attacked,

they had been told by their
commanders it could only be
the hapless Italians.

We'd got in this ditch
and we saw some tanks coming,

huge great tanks with big, black
crosses on them.

I said, "Bloody Germans!"
We didn't have any Germans there.

And then we see lorries coming
with Germans in them.

So I went back and reported
and they wouldn't believe me.

Company commander wouldn't believe
me. "There's no Germans there."

I said, "Well, they are." The next
morning, we knew they were there.

The tanks we had against theirs
was impossible.

They knew from bitter experience

that British tanks such as the A-13,

which had performed so poorly
in the battle for France,

were simply no match
for the German Panzers.

So, here it is - the A-13,
a tank that embodies everything

that was worst about British
inter-war armoured vehicle design.

It was overly ambitious
in its technology

and shoddily executed
in the way it was manufactured.

But the A-13 was also a death-trap
to the men of the 5th.

Get inside one of these and you'll
see how hard that was to do.

Or, more to the point, how hard it
was to get out of them in a hurry.

And that, combined with
the thin armour,

deprived the crew inside
of the sense of security

that you might have
expected them to have.

The 5th were now facing an enemy
they simply weren't prepared for.

Their poorer tanks were
struck down by German shot.

They were assailed from the skies
by Stukas and Dorniers.

The British command structure
went to pieces.

And, for some in the 5th,
it was their first taste of action.

Once you get into battle, you think,
"Well, this is it. It's me or them."

Everybody was scared. Everybody was
sort of jittery and jumpy.

When you're in a tank
and you're being fired at,

it's quite frightening.

Because you're sure that he's going
to hit you before you hit him.

I don't think
I ever prayed in the desert.

I often wondered afterwards
why I didn't.

What Gerry Solomon and the others in
5th Tank were up against again was

the superiority of the German mark
three, the Panzerkampfwagen III.

It had several advantages
over British tanks.

It weighed nearly twice as much
and most of that was armour.

And it was more reliable.

The mark three is very well
designed from the human perspective.

The commander,
who sat in this position,
had fantastic all-round visibility -

better, in fact, than I did in the
same slot on a Chieftain back on
Cold War exercises in the 1980s.

He could also talk to other members
of the crew very easily.

The gunner, for example, who sits
where I am. They've got very easy
eye contact and all the rest of it.

And, if it does all go horribly
wrong, they've got escape hatches
there, behind me and in the hull.

They can get out much faster
than the British crew could.

As the German Panzers
overran the British lines,

chaos and confusion
spread like wildfire.

The funny thing was
I don't think I felt scared.

I think I was more
worried about my crew.

And I was telling
the driver where to go.

And I felt disappointed
because we didn't have the power

to knock Jerry tanks out.

In the midst of this

was a veteran officer aged just 26.

Lieutenant Arthur Crickmay.

Arthur Crickmay understood
this landscape better than most.

Before the war, he'd been out here
with his best friend, Ted,
as students exploring.

Then he'd been posted ahead of
5th Tanks to another battalion

that was already "up the blue",
as the army called this wilderness.

But he was dismayed at the failure
of those in charge,

as his letters home show
so eloquently.

"There was no information about what
was happening. Rumour was rife.

"It was April 1 and no mistake.

"As the Daily Mail would say,
'Let us draw a merciful feel

" 'over the next six days
of muddle and confusion,

" 'order and counter-order.'

"My most vivid memory
is one of our tanks exploding.

"All the ammo inside
must have gone up at once.

"I've seen many tanks on fire,

"but have never seen one go off
like that before or since.

"The next few days were among
some of the most unpleasant
I can remember."

Lieutenant Arthur Crickmay
understood only too well

what happened when
a shell struck a tank.

It was the fate that befell
so many of the men here.

The projectile penetrating one side

would lack the energy
to exit through the other,

ricocheting about inside,
tearing people to pieces.

If it struck ammunition or fuel,
a fire could soon take hold.

Smoke and flames would billow from
the turret and, within 30 seconds,

the temperature inside
could match that of a furnace.

The crew would be incinerated.

Rommel's blue-eyed boys, as Wardrop
called them, had in just over a week

reversed British fortunes

and regained all the territory
the Italians had lost.

Rommel was good, of course he was,

but in this attack he hardly
had to be brilliant. And here's why.

Of 5 RTR's 52 tanks, nine had
been destroyed by the Germans,

two had limped into Tobruk,

and the rest - 41 of them -
had broken down in the desert.

How good did the Afrika Korps
have to be

when the British had tanks
like that?

We were quite aware of the
specifications of the German tanks.

All their tanks had longer barrels

which meant higher velocity
for AP rounds.

And we never really caught up
until late in the war.

Outgunned and outmanoeuvred,
the 5th retreated

to the only town in eastern Libya
that Rommel hadn't taken.

Tobruk.

Bereft of their tanks,
Corporal Finlayson and his crew

were packed off to the trenches
as infantry.

We were surrounded at Tobruk
at the time.

And I was writing a letter
to my wife.

And a mate of mine was writing -
one of the chaps was writing -

a letter to his mother.

And he said to me,
"If I don't come out of this,
will you post this letter for me?"

I said, "Yeah. If I don't come out,
post this letter." He said yes.

So we wrote these letters.

And we were in a trench.

We sat down there in the trench
writing,

and when I had finished
I turned around and looked at him.

He was lying there dead
with a bullet through his head.

He was lying there, blood coming
out of his head there, he was dead.

Oh, it was terrible.

And he'd only half done this letter.

I didn't know what the devil to do,
whether to send it or not.

I thought, "No, I'd better not.
It wouldn't be nice." Horrible thing.

He was writing that and died,
so I thought I'd better not.

So I didn't send it.

I did get in touch with the mother

and told them I was with him
when he died.

I said he didn't suffer,
he was killed outright.

After weeks of being trapped
in Tobruk,

the 5th Tanks were delivered
from that hell by the Royal Navy,

taking their chances
with the dive bombers

and leaving the port to be defended
by the Australians.

By the time they returned
to the comparative sanity

of their base outside Alexandria,
it was the end of spring.

Having arrived at Christmas,

they'd yet to experience the
roasting heat of an Egyptian summer.

Water was always an issue.

Water was rationed in the desert.

Each man got about this much
to last 24 hours.

That's if supplies got through -
that was often a big if -

and if they didn't have a leaking
radiator on their tank

that they had to pour some in.

On their first march
through the desert,

some of the men in 5th Tanks
became so desperately thirsty

that they tore the seat cushions
from their vehicles,

left them in the desert overnight
to collect dew

and wrung them out into their mouths
in the morning.

It tasted disgusting,
but what choice did they have?

Some reprieve from the hardships
of the desert

came when the 5th
were given leave in Alexandria.

This allowed them to indulge
in a little of what they fancied.

Jake Wardrop headed to one of his
favourite haunts, The Golden Bar.

"At 9am, we hit the place.

"And at 5am the following morning,
we decided to call it a day.

"What a time. A notable session."

Well, Jake Wardrop survived
that particular visit

to The Golden Bar without a scrap.

In his diary, he's rather coy
about how many beatings

he did in fact hand out.

But we know from others
there were quite a few.

Wardrop himself said
he couldn't resist tweaking
the noses of those in authority.

And soon after he'd got to Egypt,

he was court martialled for a
noisy drinking session in his tent.

Officers came to the view that

Wardrop was one of those men
best kept in the field.

Jake Wardrop was a very nice fellow.

But he was a bit rough,
if you know what I mean.

And, according to what I'd heard,

he was nothing but
a source of trouble.

You know, he would be
lance corporal one day

and a week or two later,
he'd go out and get drunk

and sort of smash places up
and he'd be back to a trooper.

But, of course,
he was quite fearless.

But while Jake and the boys enjoyed
the drinking dives of Alexandria,

everyone understood that
in order to beat the Afrika Korps,

the 5th and the rest
of the British forces

were going to need
some new hardware.

On 22 July, the 5th Tanks received
some new American-made armour.

The M3 Stuart -
or, more commonly, the Honey.

The old sweats cast a hard eye over
this new American import, the Honey.

And in some ways it was quite
similar to the British tanks

they were used to. Same
sort of weight, about 12 tonnes,

37mm gun also similar.

But the really key difference

was that the Americans used
off-the-shelf technology

and that made it much more reliable.

The suspension - look at this -

came from a tractor that had been
built in America in the '30s.

And the engine was from a fighter
plane. It was a radial piston.

Now, what all of that meant was

it would keep going for far longer
and far less trouble.

And a nice side effect
of the air-cooled engine,

you didn't need water -
very precious in the desert -

and it sucked its air through the
crew compartment - air conditioning.

For the men of the 5th Tanks, the
Honey was to be tested to the limit

in one of the most visceral battles
of their war so far.

Operation Crusader.

On 18 November 1941, after
four long months of preparation,

the 5th Tanks crossed
the border into Libya.

As part of
the 7th Armoured Division,

they were in a 750-tank army,

twice that of the Axis Forces
put together.

They also had generous air support.

Their mission was ambitious -

to retake eastern Libya,

relieve Tobruk,
and destroy the Afrika Korps.

To do this, they hoped to envelop
the Axis Forces along the frontier

with a great left armoured hook.

This would bring them up close to
the Tobruk garrison

which would then break out
to meet them.

The Afrika Korps would be trapped

between Tobruk
and the Egyptian border.

Churchill signalled the importance
of the battle to come.

He said, "For the first time,

"British and Empire troops will meet
the Germans with modern weapons.

"The battle will affect
the whole course of the war.

"The desert army may be able to
write a page in history

"that will rank with Blenheim
and Waterloo.

"All of our hearts go with you."

Within two days of crossing
the border, the 5th Tanks had

bypassed their enemy's frontline and
advanced an extraordinary 150 miles.

When we got the Honeys,

that was when we really started
to get involved in the fighting.

The Honey was a very
manoeuvrable tank,

it could get in places where
others could not get.

The Honey's speed and reliability
helped the 5th rush ahead

to the airfield of Sidi Rezegh
near Tobruk.

The British seized it with
a surprise attack,

but soon that success turned
sour as British commanders

decided that the tactic
of rushing the Germans,

rather like the charge of the Light
Brigade, might keep working.

Balaclava charges, rushing towards
the enemy, were a tactic

frequently used by British
tank regiments in the desert.

To Jake Wardrop and his mates,
that was absolute madness.

A - because it did not work,
and B - because it cost lives.

"It was decided to give them
the good old charge again.

"Quite frankly, I was not so strong
for this charging business,

"although we continued to do it.

"Off we went. We went storming
right into these tanks,
firing as we went."

Rommel had to break out of the
British encirclement or face defeat.

Sidi Rezegh became the focus
of his efforts.

Anti-tank guns
and tanks slugged it out.

It was like a scene from
the Apocalypse.

My tank was hit.

It immediately went up into flames.

One of the crew scrambled
out of the tank, and he was...

What little bit of clothing
he had left was still flaming.

And, er...

he, when we managed to
get to him and tend to him,

his skin had all rolled off,
curled up and rolled off.

We thought we'd go and look in the
burnt-out tank, and we looked down

and there was a bleached skeleton,
right across the floor of the tank.

There was just these steel-rimmed
glasses on the skull.

There.

Gerry Solomon had received
a salutary lesson

in the limitations
of the popgun, as he and the others

started calling the 37mm cannon
mounted on their Honey tanks.

It fired one of these,

and in order to have a decent chance
of knocking out a German

armoured vehicle, you had to get to
within about 800 yards of it.

All the time you were trying to do
that, you could be under

fire from an 88mm German gun
with a range of two miles.

It fired one of these.

Desperate to avoid defeat, the Axis
troops attacked again and again.

It became a grim slugging match,
a battle of attrition in which

superior German guns and armour
began to tell.

As regards firepower, the Honey was
inadequate against the German
armour,

which was three
or four inches thick.

The shells would just bounce off.

By the evening of the 21st November,
5th Tanks had been

sucked into the desperate fighting
on Sidi Rezegh airfield.

One of the commanders there,
Brigadier Jock Campbell,

took matters into his own hands.

At the height of the battle,
Brigadier Jock Campbell

appeared through a hail of shot
and shell in an open-top staff car

and urged the 5th Tanks' Honeys
to follow him forward.

It was an act of courage bordering
on madness, for which he won the VC.

But an officer from the 5th Tanks
tried to stop him,

and Brigadier Campbell
drew his revolver,

telling the officer that the tank
men had been sent there

to die anyway, and if he got in
the way he would shoot him.

The price of this attack was heavy.

When Harry Finlayson's tank was
knocked out that night,

he joined the list of those
missing in action.

They just put a shell on my engine
and blew it up.

That was it, we were right
in the middle of the German lines,

we couldn't do anything else.

I stood on the top of the tank,
put my hands out,

when they came round surrounding us,
I got my crew out

and the German officer said,
for you, the war is over.

After weeks of fighting,
Rommel battered his way

out of the Allied trap, saving
the Afrika Korps from destruction.

In early December,
the British relieved Tobruk

and completed the reconquest
of eastern Libya.

The 8th Army had
succeeded in two out of three aims,

but Rommel's escape
and the scale of the slaughter

meant its soldiers were hardly
in a mood to celebrate.

Arthur Crickmay had lost
his best friend.

The operation as a whole can only be
described as a gigantic cock-up.

We won in the end, but at what cost?

Returning from the front,
the men of 5 RTR lost themselves

in the bars and brothels
of Alexandria and Cairo.

Having garrisoned
the country for 60 years,

the British Army knew
plenty about Egypt's brothels.

They gave the men condoms

and brought doctors to inspect
the prostitutes for VD.

In the 1930s, a certain lieutenant
colonel, Bernard Montgomery,

who we will meet again soon,

had insisted on medical inspections
of this kind, because he said

his men absolutely required
their horizontal refreshment.

Horizontal R&R and heavy drinking
provided short-lived catharsis

for those in 5 RTR,

who'd come through the meat grinder
of Operation Crusader.

For many in the 5th Tanks,

Sidi Rezegh marked their first real
taste of the bitter reality of war.

For anyone still with the Battalion
who thought the war was

a bit of a lark,
illusions had been shattered.

They now wanted vengeance.

Vengeance for the 5th came
in early 1942 in the form

of new tanks from Uncle Sam.

There's nothing quite like a bit
of American overkill,

and this is a monster.

It weighs in at 26 tonnes,
and look at the height of it.

But the most important feature
was the arsenal of weapons.

It's got the same
37mm popgun up there

in the turret that the Honey had,

but the key thing is that it mounts
this 75mm cannon here.

This, for the first time, allowed
the British tank crews to knock

out not just Panzers, but anti-tank
guns using high explosive shells.

It also has machine guns in the hull
and on the turret.

One British commander
described its arrival in the desert

as being like the shift
from sail to steel.

Men were moving on, too -
Arthur Crickmay was sent to Burma

and Gerry Solomon, the former grocer
and one-time rookie,

was now a corporal
commanding a tank.

Jake Wardrop, despite his longer
service, was still just a driver.

The Allied front was settled on the
Gazala line.

It stretched from Gazala
on the coast to the old

Turkish fortress of Bir Hacheim,
40-odd miles to the south.

But this was a risky position.

The Gazala line didn't extend all
the way to the impassable
sands of the Sahara.

This open flank had been left

to allow the British to resume

their advance, unless the Germans
went inland and used it first.

On the afternoon of 26 May, 1942,
Rommel attacked the Gazala line.

His artillery pinned the Allied
troops close to the sea, while his

armoured divisions were sent south
of the Gazala line to attack their
flank.

On the morning of 27 May, 5 RTR
were told to pack up and get ready.

"The Bosch were not far away now,
and we had to keep an eye on them.

"I got up, had a wash,
shave, cleaned my teeth
and slicked my hair up.

"In fact, it used to be quite a
ritual with us to get queened up,

"as though we were going to the Plaza
when we had a date with Erwin."

Throughout the small hours,
reports had been flying around that

something very sizeable was going
on to the south of the Gazala line.

At 7.30pm, the order came through
to move to battle positions.

Five minutes later, the Honeys
and the new Grants lurched forward.

In the confusion of a desert battle,
your enemy could be two miles away,

and you have to scan the horizon
with the utmost attention.

A kick of dust was a gun firing.

A second or two later,
a sound like ripping paper announced

a high-velocity round
flashing past you or overhead.

If the light burning in its tail
was red, it was British fire.

If it was green or yellow,
it was enemy.

Registering those fleeting sights

and sounds could make all the
difference between life and death.

The hot, dry wind, which was
so unpleasant that the Arabs

claimed it was enough to excuse
murder, started to blow as well.

British commanders had been
caught by surprise.

In the unfolding mayhem of confused
close-range fights, the generals'

habit of keeping ordinary tank crews
in the dark cost them dear.

It was very confusing, you could not
get any definite information.

They didn't want you to have
information, in case

you got captured
and you gave it away.

They kept information from you.

They only told you what
they wanted you to know.

On the 2nd June, the 5th Tanks
suffered their worst day of the war.

Only eight Honeys
and one Grant returned from battle.

Some 51 officers and men of tank
crews were dead or missing.

The surviving officers decided to
fortify their men by a method

used since antiquity, a rum ration.

Alcohol might have numbed them
temporarily,

but the grim reality
got clearer by the day.

The Gazala line had collapsed.

On 21 June, 1942, Tobruk's garrison
of 30,000 surrendered.

After trying to take the city for
two years, Rommel was triumphant.

The British Army
was now in full retreat,

having been out-gunned,
out-manoeuvred, and out-generalled.

Those in charge called it
a strategic withdrawal,

but this was a disaster
by any other name.

Just a few weeks before,
the British had built up a huge

superiority in weapons,
and were poised to mount their own

offensive, yet now
they were in headlong retreat.

How had it happened? Many soldiers
had a one-word explanation, Rommel.

It's true the conduct
of his campaign had been brilliant.

In my view,
the only one in the desert war where

he really deserved
his stellar reputation.

But the real failure was that
of British military leadership.

While Rommel basked in glory,
Churchill was desperate.

He wrote, "Defeat is one thing,
disgrace is another."

5 RTR had to be rebuilt -
and quickly.

Dozens of new recruits arrived,
like Bill Chorley

and fellow conscript Bob Lay,
both in their early 20s.

Bill and I were in the same tank.

I was the operator
and Bill was a gunner

and because of the loneliness

of the desert, your social life was

limited to your crew every day.

You knew everything,

everything there was
to know about each other.

And you had a very,
very good bond with them.

"Bob Lay has been with me
since I joined up.

"We spent six weeks at base.

"Most of the time was taken up

"on wireless and driving courses.

"This was our introduction to the
desert. It was a rough do, there."

By 30th June 1942,
the British had fallen back to

the only defensible line between
the frontier and the Nile Delta,

a railway halt just 60 miles
from Alexandria,

El Alamein.

The geography of the North African
coast offers very few places

where you can make a stand.

If you put in a blocking position
on the coastal strip,

people can simply go round
on the inland side and bypass it

and that's what Rommel did
time and again.

This is one of the few places
that's different, Alamein.

Inland, there's the

Qattara Depression, an impassable

area of sand dunes that Rommel

simply couldn't get through.

This is where the British
chose to fight.

And Churchill decided that for
this battle the Desert Army needed

a clean sweep at the top.

His senior generals had presided
over woeful failure.

They hadn't delivered
the victory he so craved

and that Britain so needed.

On 20th August, he made
a personal appearance in the desert.

'We felt very proud and honoured
when Churchill came

'and he was all praise for us.'

We knew very well
the job wasn't done.

We had to go and make sure

the enemy was out of the desert.

Churchill was joined by

Lieutenant General
Bernard Montgomery.

The Times newspaper reported that,

"It may well be that historians will

"point to this date as decisive in
determining the course of the war."

The one great thing
that Montgomery did

was to ensure that

everybody knew what
the opposition was,

what the objectives were,

so we had a concept of what
was expected of us.

He was the type of man who would
say, "You want me to beat the

"Germans in the desert,

"you must give me enough tanks
and men to do it.

"And they are not going to
do it until you do."

That was his attitude.

And so it was.

We couldn't believe the amount
of stuff that was coming up there.

Monty also had a real
flair for publicity.

He took to wearing a black RTR beret
with the regimental tank badge

next to his general's one,

as a sort of sign of respect for men
like Gerry Solomon and Bob Lay.

As to what they made of him,
that was a more complex issue.

Many relished the change in
atmosphere that his arrival brought,

but equally, they couldn't forget
that he might send them

to their deaths and he didn't
really understand tank warfare.

But what Montgomery did understand
was that Rommel could be

relied upon to try the tactics

he'd used so effectively before.

And Monty had a plan.

He would secure his inland flank
south of Alamein at a ridge

called Alam Halfa.

During the early hours of
31st August,

the Germans were sighted
moving north.

British intelligence
had pinpointed the time

and place of this thrust
with precision.

Alam Halfa arose

because Rommel liked to make
surprise attacks in force

and at speed.

We had Enigma then

and we prepared for it.

Rommel assumed that he had
a clear desert ahead

and that he could repeat
his Gazala success,

hardly imagining that it was now
his turn to waltz into an ambush.

Waiting for him were,
among others, 5 RTR.

And we waited

and he appeared.

We let him come on and when he was

in range, we let him have it.

It was at Alam Halfa that the

desert war reached
its real turning point.

The British brigade had been
deployed along this ridge,

slap bang in the path of
a German Panzer division,

advancing from the south.

In a couple of hours, its integrated
defence of artillery,

anti-tank guns and
the Grants of 5th Tanks,

took apart the Panzer division.

Rommel had tried his old trick,

out-flanking from
the inland side, and failed.

He'd been beaten at his own game.

One endeavoured to get as close
to the enemy as possible,

so that your gun was in range

and could knock him out.

The Battle Of Alam Halfa
lasted just over a week.

Alam Halfa was a significant battle

for the 5th RTR, because we'd

adopted new tactics

and we'd given the Panzer division
a good hiding.

With his supply situation precarious

and superior Allied firepower,

Rommel fell back to regroup.

While the Afrika Korps
licked its wounds,

British forces rehearsed every
detail for the battle ahead.

5th Tanks, exhausted after
two years of fighting,

were asked whether
they were still up for it.

"A parade was called

"and we were given the choice
of going to Cairo

"and missing the push,

"or staying on the blue
and taking part in it.

"At the end of his speech,
we were asked to step forward

"if we wanted to stay...

"..and the whole battalion
took a pace forward."

Having rededicated
themselves to the fight,

the 5th Tanks came back out
to the Alamein position.

Montgomery had received vital
strategic intelligence from

intercepted German communications -
Ultra.

He also had hundreds of new tanks,

ample supplies

and substantial RAF support.

It was time for the 8th Army
to take the offensive.

At 1900 hours, on 23 October 1942,

220,000 men and over 1,000 Allied
tanks lined up along the front.

The long-awaited British assault
to smash Axis forces

and then drive them out of Africa
altogether was about to start.

To achieve this, the enemy needed

a bit of softening up.

EXPLOSIONS

The sky was illuminated by
continuous flashes of light.

The whole horizon was covered.

Not good for your ears. Hearing aids.

The barrage lasted for six hours.

It could be heard all the way
to Alexandria, over 60 miles away.

Once guns had been fired,
German morale pummelled

and minefields breached,

it was time for Monty
to let the armour loose.

British tanks,
including the 5th Tank Regiment,

cut through the enemy lines.

The biggest tank battle of the
Desert Campaign had begun.

We knew that this was going
to be a God Almighty fight.

I think after about a week
we did start to get through.

And I could see this monumental task
that lay ahead of us.

Losses were heavy.

200 British tanks
in the first 48 hours,

as many as the Germans had
started the battle with.

But the 8th Army
pressed on regardless.

They had overall superiority
and they knew it.

GUNS FIRE

It became quite apparent,
very quickly,

that they were making a run for it.

There were tanks burning
all over the place.

And we were collecting prisoners,
particularly the Italians, of course,

cos they were left behind.

"There were thousands

"and thousands of prisoners.

"If we happened to stop beside any,

"we nipped out, pinched
their watches,

"binoculars, or anything else

"they had and carried on."

By the end of October,

the situation was critical
for Rommel.

Having lost a vast quantity
of his armour,

his position was hopeless.

On 4th November, the Afrika Korps

began a full retreat.

BELLS RING

In Britain,
as the news came through,

Churchill ordered
the church bells to be rung.

It was the first time that this
had been allowed since Dunkirk.

On November 13th,
Tobruk was retaken.

In mid January 1943, Tripoli fell.

Four months later, the Axis forces

had been overwhelmed in North Africa

and more than a quarter of
a million prisoners taken.

Churchill sensed
a turning point in the war.

CHURCHILL: 'Ah, this is not the end.

'This is not even the beginning
of the end.

'But it is, perhaps,

'the end of the beginning.'

Churchill added, "When any man
is asked what he did in the war,

it will be sufficient for him
to say, 'I fought
in the Desert Army.' "

Well, many in 5th Tanks took that
as a hint that, in future,

others would be called upon.

No such luck.

As the 5th shared the
Desert Army's triumph, they were

greeted by the news that they were
now to be engaged in the fight

for Italy, piercing
what Churchill called,

"Europe's soft underbelly."

GUN FIRES

After the desert,

the close-range fighting
in southern Italy

came as a strain for everyone.

We thought we'd had enough.

Let somebody else have a go.

But, you see, they wanted
seasoned troops

and there weren't
many seasoned troops.

On 7th January 1944,

the 5th returned home at last.

They'd been away for
three years and 69 days.

Most couldn't wait to get home,

but leave, like much else,
was being rationed.

Men who'd been fighting overseas

for more than three years were

then given barely two weeks' leave.

That felt like an insult, because
they knew that soldiers who'd

been sitting back in Britain
throughout that period

got two weeks' leave
every three months.

The 5th's new home was
a secret military camp in Norfolk,

known as Shakers Wood.

Damp, grotty, and bitterly cold,

many of the 5th's veterans felt

they'd been dumped by an ungrateful
government in the middle of nowhere.

But they'd been recalled
for a reason.

Experienced, trusted and
battle-hardened, they were part of

the famous Desert Rats, too valuable
to sit out the rest of the war.

The fighting far from over,

who better than the 5th
to spearhead a second front?

That's the way it was.

If you've ever witnessed
a green regiment...

..going in for the first time,

you would understand how
completely unprepared they are.

The experience of going into battle

is absolutely necessary
to become competent.

And so, our heroes
would fight again,

in some of the biggest battles
of the Second World War.

Next episode, the 5th
face D-Day...

..the battle for Normandy and
the eventual defeat of the Nazis.

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