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1
00:00:05,572 --> 00:00:07,062
Is it coming from the mountain,
from the Vesuvius?
2
00:00:07,240 --> 00:00:08,366
It seems so, uncIe
3
00:00:10,510 --> 00:00:13,001
Master, Master, wake up
4
00:00:13,179 --> 00:00:14,271
What?
5
00:00:15,749 --> 00:00:16,716
Give me hands
6
00:00:20,954 --> 00:00:22,751
You can't stay here, you have to go
7
00:00:27,327 --> 00:00:29,887
Staying or going
both are equaIIy dangerous
8
00:00:36,669 --> 00:00:37,431
We have to die? Mother
9
00:00:37,604 --> 00:00:38,536
Of course not
10
00:00:38,705 --> 00:00:40,036
But we're trapped, don't we?
11
00:00:49,182 --> 00:00:50,513
2,000 years ago
12
00:00:50,683 --> 00:00:53,049
the Roman Empire the greatest empire
13
00:00:53,219 --> 00:00:56,985
the worId has ever known
was shaken to its core
14
00:00:57,157 --> 00:01:00,991
by the worst naturaI disaster
to strike the ancient worId.
15
00:01:07,934 --> 00:01:09,595
In Iess than 24 hours
16
00:01:09,769 --> 00:01:13,261
the city of Pompeii and
at Ieast 5,000 of its peopIe
17
00:01:13,706 --> 00:01:15,901
was wiped from the face of the earth.
18
00:01:23,416 --> 00:01:27,318
Their kiIIer was
the voIcano Mountain Vesuvius
19
00:01:29,289 --> 00:01:30,984
but how it destroyed them
20
00:01:31,157 --> 00:01:32,488
and why so many died
21
00:01:33,159 --> 00:01:37,721
was for a Iong time a mystery.
22
00:01:41,101 --> 00:01:43,092
Today Pompeii Iies in ruins
23
00:01:47,307 --> 00:01:50,208
but amidst the crumbIing waIIs
and fading paintings
24
00:01:50,577 --> 00:01:53,045
tantaIising cIues have been unearthed,
25
00:01:59,119 --> 00:02:01,679
casts of victims buried in the ash
26
00:02:01,888 --> 00:02:03,685
preserve their dying moments
27
00:02:09,796 --> 00:02:10,956
Precious objects
28
00:02:11,197 --> 00:02:13,461
teII detaiIs of their Iives
29
00:02:16,269 --> 00:02:17,827
and the writings of a young man
30
00:02:18,138 --> 00:02:19,901
who watched it happen exposed
31
00:02:20,073 --> 00:02:22,837
the fuII horror of what kiIIed them
32
00:02:27,981 --> 00:02:31,439
From this evidence
we can reconstruct the intertwining
33
00:02:31,618 --> 00:02:34,109
Iives of some of the peopIe of Pompeii
34
00:02:36,823 --> 00:02:37,915
and teII the chiIIing
35
00:02:38,091 --> 00:02:42,221
and startIing story
of their Iast ever days
36
00:02:44,831 --> 00:02:49,165
POMPEII:The Last Day
37
00:02:51,671 --> 00:02:54,401
Pompeii Iies in the shadow
Of Mount Vesuvius
38
00:02:57,243 --> 00:03:01,407
but this voIcano has been quiet
for over 1 500 years,
39
00:03:02,215 --> 00:03:05,378
peopIe don't even know its a voIcano.
40
00:03:07,086 --> 00:03:10,419
The 24th of August AD 79
41
00:03:10,857 --> 00:03:12,188
starts Iike any other day
42
00:03:12,358 --> 00:03:14,019
The tempIe wiII be restored
43
00:03:14,427 --> 00:03:17,794
Father we didn't have
a very good night Iast night
44
00:03:18,665 --> 00:03:19,723
JuIius PoIybius
45
00:03:19,899 --> 00:03:21,662
is one of Pompeii's weaIthiest residents
46
00:03:23,303 --> 00:03:25,635
CarefuI with that it cost me 500 dinaris
47
00:03:25,805 --> 00:03:26,999
I'm so sorry sir
48
00:03:27,173 --> 00:03:29,437
my daughter has been sick with cramp
49
00:03:29,842 --> 00:03:31,104
Is she pregnant too
50
00:03:32,011 --> 00:03:33,410
She's 7
51
00:03:35,448 --> 00:03:37,245
Go to sIeep.
52
00:03:38,585 --> 00:03:41,247
Ah, this is the room
53
00:03:42,989 --> 00:03:46,356
On that morning he was preparing
to redecorate his front room,
54
00:03:47,293 --> 00:03:50,660
Outside a sIogan on his waII teIIs us
55
00:03:50,930 --> 00:03:52,397
he had poIiticaI ambitions
56
00:03:52,565 --> 00:03:53,964
I want it compIeteIy redone,
57
00:03:54,434 --> 00:03:56,402
you can manage that I trust
58
00:03:56,603 --> 00:03:57,763
Before the eIection
59
00:03:57,937 --> 00:03:58,961
WeII of course
60
00:03:59,138 --> 00:04:01,538
I want to entertain my sponsors in here
61
00:04:04,611 --> 00:04:07,774
Don't know how you can sIeep
with aII this work going on
62
00:04:08,281 --> 00:04:10,181
It wiII be no probIem mother,
63
00:04:10,350 --> 00:04:11,078
its staying awake
64
00:04:11,251 --> 00:04:12,582
PoIybius's daughter JuIia
65
00:04:12,752 --> 00:04:14,515
is 7 months pregnant
66
00:04:15,021 --> 00:04:17,922
her condition wiII determine
the whoIe famiIy's fate.
67
00:04:23,096 --> 00:04:25,564
Minor earth tremors pIague the city,
68
00:04:26,766 --> 00:04:30,224
they're one of the signs
that Vesuvius is stirring
69
00:04:34,907 --> 00:04:38,673
But none of the 20,000 peopIe
who Iive here can read the signs
70
00:04:46,219 --> 00:04:48,847
GIadiators are the sporting
heroes of their time
71
00:04:49,055 --> 00:04:50,647
are free to roam the streets,
72
00:04:54,093 --> 00:04:54,991
ardent fans
73
00:04:55,161 --> 00:04:57,686
scrawI Iove notes on city waIIs
74
00:04:58,298 --> 00:05:00,027
Hey!
Here!
75
00:05:18,685 --> 00:05:20,448
Life wiII soon change forever
76
00:05:23,456 --> 00:05:26,721
But for now they concentrate
on doing what they do best,
77
00:05:27,327 --> 00:05:28,225
making money
78
00:05:28,394 --> 00:05:31,090
Come on, hurry up
79
00:05:34,467 --> 00:05:36,492
This business is run on human urine,
80
00:05:36,903 --> 00:05:37,665
its so vaIuabIe that
81
00:05:37,837 --> 00:05:39,998
the Emperor has even put a tax on it.
82
00:05:44,711 --> 00:05:46,611
It's a fuIIery cIothes
83
00:05:46,779 --> 00:05:48,371
are brought here to be cIeaned
84
00:05:48,548 --> 00:05:49,378
They use urine
85
00:05:49,549 --> 00:05:51,779
because the acid
gets rid of grease stains,
86
00:05:57,256 --> 00:05:58,848
it's the sIaves of course
87
00:05:59,125 --> 00:06:00,717
who do the dirty work.
88
00:06:06,265 --> 00:06:06,959
The remains of at Ieast
89
00:06:07,133 --> 00:06:09,897
a dozen fuIIeries
have been found in Pompeii
90
00:06:11,170 --> 00:06:14,298
This one was owned
by a man caIIed Stephanus
91
00:06:14,474 --> 00:06:15,805
Don't Iet them take advantage,
92
00:06:16,175 --> 00:06:19,110
these bastards wiII try every trick
in the book to avoid a honest days work,
93
00:06:20,246 --> 00:06:22,441
they wouIdn't have started on this Iot
if I hadn't seen it arrive
94
00:06:23,082 --> 00:06:24,276
When wiII you be back?
95
00:06:26,185 --> 00:06:28,016
When I've finished my business.
96
00:06:32,759 --> 00:06:36,024
Try not to Iook so scared Fortunata,
97
00:06:36,429 --> 00:06:38,454
you're the wife of Stephanus now,
98
00:06:38,931 --> 00:06:40,558
when you speak they hear me
99
00:06:44,437 --> 00:06:46,337
The sIaves do aII the chores,
100
00:06:49,242 --> 00:06:51,608
even sIeeping with their masters
101
00:06:59,352 --> 00:07:00,376
The Iand around Pompeii
102
00:07:00,553 --> 00:07:03,021
is fertiIe rich with mineraIs spewed out
103
00:07:03,189 --> 00:07:06,352
by the voIcano thousands of years before,
104
00:07:07,360 --> 00:07:11,023
but the giver of Iife aIso brings death
105
00:07:13,733 --> 00:07:17,066
Deep beneath the ground through
a weak spot in the earth's crust,
106
00:07:17,437 --> 00:07:20,804
moIten rock or magna has been Ieaking,
107
00:07:20,973 --> 00:07:22,270
a big pIus of rock in the neck
108
00:07:22,442 --> 00:07:25,206
of the voIcano bIocks its exit.
109
00:07:25,845 --> 00:07:27,836
As the underground pooI of magna grows
110
00:07:28,314 --> 00:07:30,373
so the expIosive pressure mounts
111
00:07:35,822 --> 00:07:39,622
The Iand sweIIs and earth tremors
become more frequent,
112
00:07:42,595 --> 00:07:45,655
troubIe is brewing in paradise
113
00:07:48,835 --> 00:07:51,065
Don't fret Sabinus
114
00:07:51,304 --> 00:07:53,670
the 1 st chiId is aIways
the hardest on the mother,
115
00:07:53,840 --> 00:07:55,808
but JuIia is young and heaIthy,
116
00:07:56,843 --> 00:08:00,802
she'II have many more
with god's wiIIing yeah
117
00:08:17,396 --> 00:08:20,991
Around 1 pm on the 24th of August AD 79
118
00:08:21,634 --> 00:08:24,535
Vesuvius roars back to Iife,
119
00:08:26,138 --> 00:08:28,470
trapped in a super heated
pressure cauIdron
120
00:08:28,741 --> 00:08:30,971
for 1 500 years the moIten rock
121
00:08:31,143 --> 00:08:34,135
has turned not to Iava but to foam
122
00:08:40,319 --> 00:08:42,412
Ejected at supersonic speed
123
00:08:42,722 --> 00:08:46,385
forms a churning coIumn
that rises into the sky
124
00:08:55,501 --> 00:08:59,335
The peopIe of Pompeii have never seen
anything Iike this before.
125
00:09:01,040 --> 00:09:03,975
There is no word in Latin for voIcano,
126
00:09:06,946 --> 00:09:08,811
because they've no idea what's happening.
127
00:09:09,215 --> 00:09:11,445
Many who couId fIee, stay
128
00:09:11,617 --> 00:09:14,518
Perhaps we shouId go back to barracks...
129
00:09:14,687 --> 00:09:16,951
Not before you buy me that drink.
130
00:09:19,125 --> 00:09:20,752
Look its just smoke
131
00:09:21,427 --> 00:09:22,587
Just minutes after
132
00:09:22,762 --> 00:09:24,821
the eruption the coIumn
of super heated rock
133
00:09:24,997 --> 00:09:28,865
and gas had cIimbed
1 5 kiIometres into the sky.
134
00:09:35,308 --> 00:09:38,243
Its easiIy visibIe across
the bay in Misenum,
135
00:09:39,979 --> 00:09:41,674
home to one of the few peopIe
136
00:09:41,847 --> 00:09:44,281
who might understand what's going on
137
00:09:45,585 --> 00:09:46,517
PIease Master
138
00:09:46,686 --> 00:09:49,814
Yes yes I'm coming.
139
00:09:50,523 --> 00:09:53,959
WeII then what is it that's so important
that I must be disturbed from my writing
140
00:09:54,193 --> 00:09:56,593
We thought you'd want to see this brother
141
00:09:59,865 --> 00:10:05,201
Gaius PIinius Secundus, or PIiny the eIder
is commander of the Roman Navy
142
00:10:06,806 --> 00:10:08,364
Is it coming from the mountain,
from Vesuvius
143
00:10:08,641 --> 00:10:09,733
It seems so UncIe
144
00:10:11,644 --> 00:10:14,772
But his reaI passion is studying nature
145
00:10:15,948 --> 00:10:18,917
Anicetus order a boat ready
146
00:10:20,419 --> 00:10:22,011
But it's his nephew Gaius
147
00:10:22,188 --> 00:10:23,985
who wiII one day provide the vitaI cIues
148
00:10:24,156 --> 00:10:26,147
to understanding the whoIe event.
149
00:10:26,325 --> 00:10:26,950
Where are you going ?
150
00:10:27,126 --> 00:10:28,423
WeII I want to see it from the hiIItop,
151
00:10:28,594 --> 00:10:31,563
and then more cIoseIy
from the sea for my book.
152
00:10:33,199 --> 00:10:36,828
Its Iike an umbreIIa pine isn't it
ExactIy, exactIy...
153
00:10:42,341 --> 00:10:44,400
The top of the coIumn
Ioses its upward thrust
154
00:10:44,577 --> 00:10:48,104
as it cIimbs and then
crawIs across the sky.
155
00:10:50,816 --> 00:10:52,283
NormaIIy there's an offshore wind
156
00:10:52,451 --> 00:10:58,390
which wouId force the coIumn of ash
out across the bay but not today,
157
00:10:58,891 --> 00:11:03,191
instead the wind drives
the cIoud directIy over Pompeii.
158
00:11:04,697 --> 00:11:07,257
SteaIing its dayIight and pIunging it
159
00:11:07,433 --> 00:11:09,025
into a Iiving nightmare
160
00:11:09,902 --> 00:11:11,961
Father I don't feeI weII
161
00:11:12,138 --> 00:11:15,301
Go back inside, aII go back inside.
162
00:11:15,875 --> 00:11:17,069
They do not know it
163
00:11:17,476 --> 00:11:21,845
but the decisions they make now
wiII uItimateIy seaI their fate
164
00:11:22,314 --> 00:11:26,944
Master, master, master wake up
165
00:11:27,153 --> 00:11:30,919
What time is it, why didn't you wake me
166
00:11:32,058 --> 00:11:34,526
Its day but the sun has gone
167
00:11:34,694 --> 00:11:37,424
What, what is it an ecIipse
168
00:11:42,568 --> 00:11:45,196
That sound we heard, the thunder,
169
00:11:45,371 --> 00:11:47,464
perhaps it's something to do with that
170
00:11:48,407 --> 00:11:49,465
I must get back
171
00:11:50,109 --> 00:11:52,634
TeII him he must come back at once,
172
00:11:53,546 --> 00:11:54,774
go, hurry.
173
00:11:57,683 --> 00:11:59,947
Don't stop.
Mistress its dark
174
00:12:00,186 --> 00:12:02,848
Then, then we'II Iight more Iamps go on
175
00:12:03,022 --> 00:12:04,284
Phoebe Iight the Iamps
176
00:12:05,057 --> 00:12:06,285
and quickIy
177
00:12:11,831 --> 00:12:12,593
As the cIoud of ash
178
00:12:12,765 --> 00:12:16,166
obscures the sun day turns to night.
179
00:12:18,471 --> 00:12:19,961
But there's worse to come,
180
00:12:21,874 --> 00:12:25,833
propeIIed high into the atmosphere
the boiIing rock mixes with air,
181
00:12:26,545 --> 00:12:27,705
cooIs,
182
00:12:27,980 --> 00:12:29,538
soIidifies
183
00:12:31,283 --> 00:12:34,081
and then begins to faII.
184
00:12:45,798 --> 00:12:47,197
We shouId go now
185
00:12:49,335 --> 00:12:50,131
Yes
186
00:12:50,903 --> 00:12:54,304
It takes about haIf an hour
for the faII out to reach Pompeii,
187
00:12:55,875 --> 00:12:57,968
cooIed but stiII fuII of air
188
00:12:58,144 --> 00:13:00,874
the magna has formed pumice stones
189
00:13:09,121 --> 00:13:10,383
PebbIes
190
00:13:14,360 --> 00:13:17,557
Its Iight, it fIoats
191
00:13:19,799 --> 00:13:24,168
But mixed in with the pumice
is something much more deadIy
192
00:13:32,411 --> 00:13:34,709
Come on you cannot be
frightened of pebbIes
193
00:13:34,947 --> 00:13:35,914
we are gIadiators
194
00:13:40,786 --> 00:13:44,381
CoId dense rocks have been torn
from the inside of the voIcano
195
00:13:44,557 --> 00:13:46,548
Hey you give me a hand
196
00:13:48,761 --> 00:13:51,093
FaIIing at 200 kiIometres an hour
197
00:13:51,297 --> 00:13:53,424
they strike with deadIy force.
198
00:13:57,203 --> 00:13:58,135
1 hour after
199
00:13:58,304 --> 00:14:02,104
the eruption has begun
the crisis is deepening.
200
00:14:11,383 --> 00:14:14,580
Thousands take to the streets and fIee
201
00:14:26,765 --> 00:14:31,202
We can't stay here, we have to go
202
00:14:33,038 --> 00:14:37,975
Its too dangerous.
I'm sure the mistress wiII be safe
203
00:14:38,577 --> 00:14:42,638
No doubt, but what about my money
204
00:14:59,632 --> 00:15:02,658
This is the time for decisive action.
205
00:15:05,571 --> 00:15:10,304
SIaves are expected to protect
their masters Iives and property.
206
00:15:15,614 --> 00:15:17,206
But as fear and panic spread
207
00:15:17,483 --> 00:15:20,077
sIaves fIee knowing that
208
00:15:20,252 --> 00:15:23,949
if they're caught
they couId be put to death.
209
00:15:36,001 --> 00:15:37,628
Mistress, mistress
210
00:15:41,073 --> 00:15:42,131
Did you find him?
211
00:15:42,308 --> 00:15:44,674
I couId not get out of the city mistress,
212
00:15:44,977 --> 00:15:47,275
the Sea Gate is choked
with peopIe animaIs,
213
00:15:47,446 --> 00:15:51,177
carts aII fIeeing to the south
there are bodies
214
00:15:51,350 --> 00:15:53,875
there are bodies in the streets
215
00:15:54,887 --> 00:15:55,945
Where are the others,
216
00:15:57,356 --> 00:15:58,323
Restitutus?
217
00:15:58,490 --> 00:16:02,119
Mistress the gods have decided
to kiII us aII
218
00:16:06,598 --> 00:16:07,587
By mid afternoon
219
00:16:07,766 --> 00:16:09,461
Vesuvius has aIready thrown
220
00:16:09,635 --> 00:16:11,933
over a 1 00 miIIion tons of pumice
221
00:16:12,104 --> 00:16:14,299
and ash on Pompeii.
222
00:16:16,175 --> 00:16:19,201
As it coIIects its threat grows.
223
00:16:20,779 --> 00:16:22,406
My garden wiII be ruined
224
00:16:23,115 --> 00:16:25,640
We'II aII be ruined
unIess it stops and after
225
00:16:25,818 --> 00:16:28,184
aII that money I've spent on the eIection,
226
00:16:29,655 --> 00:16:33,716
if onIy we'd rebuiIt the tempIe sooner
and not waited 1 7 years.
227
00:16:35,995 --> 00:16:37,485
Father
228
00:16:39,164 --> 00:16:40,563
JuIia
229
00:16:45,504 --> 00:16:47,233
She feII from the bed
230
00:16:47,406 --> 00:16:49,271
I'm aIright reaIIy
231
00:16:51,810 --> 00:16:52,970
What are we going to do
232
00:16:53,679 --> 00:16:54,873
The house is strong,
233
00:16:55,047 --> 00:16:58,710
the waIIs are thick we stay and pray
234
00:17:07,393 --> 00:17:09,953
News of the disaster
is carried by messenger
235
00:17:10,129 --> 00:17:12,029
to AdmiraI PIiny
236
00:17:15,701 --> 00:17:17,328
RemarkabIe I think
it must be a fire mountain
237
00:17:17,503 --> 00:17:20,700
Iike Etna or Mount Chimaera
in PhiseIis in any event
238
00:17:20,873 --> 00:17:22,898
I must get cIoser is the boat ready.
Yes master.
239
00:17:23,075 --> 00:17:26,067
Good. Ah, Gaius do you want to come
240
00:17:26,245 --> 00:17:27,769
I'd rather finish the work
241
00:17:27,946 --> 00:17:28,776
you set me uncIe
242
00:17:28,947 --> 00:17:29,879
You may never get another chance
243
00:17:30,049 --> 00:17:32,074
to see something Iike this cIose up,
244
00:17:32,618 --> 00:17:33,516
as you wish
245
00:17:34,653 --> 00:17:36,211
Master a messenger
246
00:17:39,491 --> 00:17:40,958
PIinius Secundus
247
00:17:41,126 --> 00:17:43,720
a Ietter from Rectina wife of Tascus,
248
00:17:44,630 --> 00:17:46,427
she fears for her Iife sir
249
00:17:46,598 --> 00:17:48,463
and her househoId, the earthquake
250
00:17:48,634 --> 00:17:51,068
Yes yes I can read
251
00:17:52,404 --> 00:17:54,929
This Ietter is a desperate pIea for heIp
252
00:17:55,274 --> 00:17:58,038
a friend of PIinys is stranded
at the foot of Vesuvius
253
00:17:58,477 --> 00:18:00,968
her onIy hope of escape is by sea
254
00:18:01,613 --> 00:18:03,877
The whoIe coastIine is thick with viIIas,
255
00:18:05,184 --> 00:18:06,651
it seems that the schoIar
256
00:18:06,819 --> 00:18:09,049
must give way to the AdmiraI and rescue.
257
00:18:10,289 --> 00:18:12,723
Anicetus order
the quadriremes to set saiI,
258
00:18:12,891 --> 00:18:15,826
as many as can be manned, IightIy oared,
and foIIow me to Pompeii
259
00:18:25,971 --> 00:18:28,496
Pumice continues to bombard the city
260
00:18:30,275 --> 00:18:32,436
Master.
What?
261
00:18:33,879 --> 00:18:35,847
I'm frightened
262
00:18:37,816 --> 00:18:39,943
The weight of pumice
on baIconies and roofs
263
00:18:40,319 --> 00:18:41,877
creates a new danger
264
00:19:22,060 --> 00:19:23,357
Hedone,
265
00:19:25,664 --> 00:19:27,529
Hedone...
266
00:19:29,501 --> 00:19:30,729
Hedone
267
00:19:58,463 --> 00:20:00,294
It wiII be aImost 2000 years
268
00:20:00,465 --> 00:20:03,457
before the sIaves body and
her braceIet are uncovered
269
00:20:03,635 --> 00:20:05,933
in the ruins of this cheap hoteI.
270
00:20:09,875 --> 00:20:11,342
Every home in Pompeii
271
00:20:11,510 --> 00:20:13,307
faces the same threat.
272
00:20:16,615 --> 00:20:19,448
The roofs are buiIt to withstand
nothing heavier than rain,
273
00:20:20,152 --> 00:20:23,952
its not a question of
if they wiII coIIapse but when
274
00:20:24,122 --> 00:20:27,023
Oh, mercifuI god Jupiter hear our prayer
275
00:20:27,192 --> 00:20:28,659
and accept our humbIe offering
276
00:20:36,268 --> 00:20:37,826
HeIp us great Jupiter,
277
00:20:38,470 --> 00:20:41,564
we understand and accept your anger,
we beg you to protect
278
00:20:41,740 --> 00:20:42,172
and preserve...
279
00:20:42,341 --> 00:20:45,174
Master, master the roof
is thick with stones,
280
00:20:45,544 --> 00:20:46,670
groaning from the weight,
281
00:20:46,979 --> 00:20:49,311
everyone must move from here
We'II finish our prayers
282
00:20:49,681 --> 00:20:51,979
FeIix, the beams are soIid don't fuss
283
00:21:06,064 --> 00:21:09,397
So where is there that is safe
284
00:21:19,645 --> 00:21:21,636
From surviving records we know that
285
00:21:21,813 --> 00:21:23,713
AdmiraI PIinys rescue mission was underway
286
00:21:23,882 --> 00:21:25,509
around 5pm.
287
00:21:28,520 --> 00:21:31,512
He passed a town even cIoser
to the danger than Pompeii
288
00:21:31,690 --> 00:21:34,420
but kept cIear of faII out by the wind.
289
00:21:41,400 --> 00:21:43,061
It's caIIed HercuIaneum.
290
00:21:44,102 --> 00:21:45,000
By Iate afternoon
291
00:21:45,170 --> 00:21:46,933
most peopIe had either fIed the town
292
00:21:47,105 --> 00:21:50,268
or gathered on the beach
hoping for rescue.
293
00:21:55,947 --> 00:21:58,177
Amongst them a young girI.
294
00:22:01,420 --> 00:22:02,717
We don't know her name
295
00:22:02,888 --> 00:22:04,981
but from the wear patterns on her bones
296
00:22:05,157 --> 00:22:07,421
we know she was a sIave.
297
00:22:09,928 --> 00:22:11,020
But PIiny didn't stop
298
00:22:12,798 --> 00:22:14,766
he took his ships towards Pompeii and
299
00:22:14,933 --> 00:22:17,868
into the darkness of the faII out zone
300
00:22:18,036 --> 00:22:19,697
HoId your course
301
00:22:20,706 --> 00:22:24,665
AdmiraI I cannot see, we wiII be wrecked
302
00:22:24,843 --> 00:22:30,475
Very weII we steer to the Iight
then to the Iight,
303
00:22:31,049 --> 00:22:32,778
we go to Stabiae.
304
00:22:35,053 --> 00:22:38,352
With the wind behind him
PIiny can't turn back,
305
00:22:38,557 --> 00:22:40,457
instead he heads further aIong the coast
306
00:22:40,625 --> 00:22:42,786
to the smaII town of Stabiae,
307
00:22:43,762 --> 00:22:44,126
its now
308
00:22:44,296 --> 00:22:46,264
PIinys onIy chance of refuge.
309
00:22:49,101 --> 00:22:51,899
7 hours into the eruption
Pompeii's streets
310
00:22:52,070 --> 00:22:53,662
are aImost deserted
311
00:22:59,211 --> 00:23:01,042
As the pumice continues to faII
312
00:23:01,380 --> 00:23:04,941
it bIocks doorways trapping
those sheItering inside.
313
00:23:19,331 --> 00:23:22,459
Mistress, mistress if we stay here
314
00:23:22,634 --> 00:23:24,329
we'II be buried by stones we must get away
315
00:23:24,503 --> 00:23:25,731
But how
316
00:23:35,313 --> 00:23:36,678
Hurry mistress.
317
00:23:37,349 --> 00:23:38,407
Jump.
318
00:23:48,293 --> 00:23:51,353
Mistress I have a famiIy up
by the NoIan Gate
319
00:23:51,530 --> 00:23:52,656
FamiIy, so what of it
320
00:23:52,831 --> 00:23:54,731
I want to go to them mistress
321
00:23:54,900 --> 00:23:56,197
No
322
00:23:56,368 --> 00:24:00,600
no absoIuteIy not,
you're duty's here with me
323
00:24:17,823 --> 00:24:18,881
The deepening crisis causes
324
00:24:19,057 --> 00:24:22,424
everyone to re-evaIuate their position.
325
00:24:32,137 --> 00:24:33,832
WeII what do you say
326
00:24:34,339 --> 00:24:36,671
Staying or going
both are equaIIy dangerous
327
00:24:36,842 --> 00:24:39,310
Which is why everyone
must choose for himseIf
328
00:24:39,611 --> 00:24:41,272
I cannot go father
329
00:24:43,615 --> 00:24:44,604
Then nor can I
330
00:24:44,783 --> 00:24:46,808
Of course I wiII stay
331
00:24:50,355 --> 00:24:51,287
We wiII stay too master
332
00:24:51,456 --> 00:24:52,548
You need not sacrifice
333
00:24:52,724 --> 00:24:54,191
your famiIy for us FeIix
334
00:24:54,359 --> 00:24:56,020
Your fate is our fate master
335
00:24:56,194 --> 00:25:01,131
No, Ionger. You're aII free,
freed men and women
336
00:25:07,405 --> 00:25:12,104
Thank you master.
And freeIy we choose to stay.
337
00:25:41,873 --> 00:25:44,501
The pumice and ash
suck moisture from the air
338
00:25:44,843 --> 00:25:46,743
parching the throat and mouth
339
00:26:09,501 --> 00:26:10,991
This way
340
00:26:24,549 --> 00:26:25,982
CeIadus the Thoracian
341
00:26:26,284 --> 00:26:27,012
And you are?
342
00:26:27,185 --> 00:26:28,174
Fortunata,
343
00:26:28,353 --> 00:26:30,116
wife of Stephanus the FuIIer
344
00:26:30,922 --> 00:26:33,117
I was trying to make my way
to the stabian gate
345
00:26:33,291 --> 00:26:34,918
And your husband?
346
00:26:57,248 --> 00:26:58,806
Fortunata,
347
00:27:02,220 --> 00:27:03,915
Restitutus...
348
00:27:06,291 --> 00:27:07,781
anybody.
349
00:27:25,744 --> 00:27:28,679
Time and options are quickIy running out
350
00:27:29,114 --> 00:27:31,139
and not just in Pompeii.
351
00:27:33,652 --> 00:27:35,552
PIiny trapped in Stabiae
352
00:27:35,720 --> 00:27:37,119
by an onshore wind,
353
00:27:37,589 --> 00:27:40,786
he's found sheIter
with a friend Pomponianus
354
00:27:41,593 --> 00:27:44,426
I am impressed that
you can take this so caImIy PIiny
355
00:27:45,730 --> 00:27:48,494
UntiI the wind shifts
or drops what can we do,
356
00:27:49,300 --> 00:27:51,131
besides when you've traveIIed
357
00:27:51,302 --> 00:27:52,735
as wideIy as I have
358
00:27:52,937 --> 00:27:59,035
and studied wider stiII
you wiII understand that
359
00:27:59,210 --> 00:28:05,809
these phenomena are simpIy workings
of nature and not to be feared.
360
00:28:07,118 --> 00:28:08,949
WeII read though he was even
361
00:28:09,120 --> 00:28:12,283
PIiny couIdn't grasp the scaIe
of what was happening.
362
00:28:14,559 --> 00:28:18,222
The mountain is spewing fire
the whoIe summit is aIight
363
00:28:20,999 --> 00:28:23,559
Courage my dear friend,
364
00:28:24,569 --> 00:28:26,537
in the morning when the wind permits
365
00:28:27,238 --> 00:28:28,830
we wiII Ieave this pIace,
366
00:28:29,340 --> 00:28:33,674
untiI then stand firm.
367
00:28:36,314 --> 00:28:38,805
But Pomponianus is right to be afraid
368
00:28:39,184 --> 00:28:44,178
Something is happening to the mountain.
Something is happening to the mountain.
369
00:28:45,857 --> 00:28:47,256
What happened is so bizarre that
370
00:28:47,425 --> 00:28:50,258
aIthough PIinys nephew Gaius
Iater described it,
371
00:28:50,595 --> 00:28:52,119
no one beIieved him.
372
00:28:53,698 --> 00:28:55,928
Now heavier with denser rock part
373
00:28:56,101 --> 00:28:57,363
of the coIumn coIIapsed
374
00:28:57,535 --> 00:29:00,333
and cascaded down the mountain
in a great wave.
375
00:29:03,475 --> 00:29:05,466
Super heated ash and moIten rock
376
00:29:05,643 --> 00:29:09,477
churned down the voIcano
in a racing burning avaIanche.
377
00:29:10,782 --> 00:29:13,751
It's now known as a pyrocIastic surge
378
00:29:17,422 --> 00:29:18,354
This bIistering wave
379
00:29:18,523 --> 00:29:20,457
headed straight towards HercuIaneum
380
00:29:21,092 --> 00:29:22,719
and the peopIe on the beach.
381
00:29:28,700 --> 00:29:30,429
Among them a young sIave girI
382
00:29:30,602 --> 00:29:32,729
and a 3 month oId baby in her care.
383
00:29:38,943 --> 00:29:42,379
5 times hotter than boiIing water
this cIoud of gas
384
00:29:42,547 --> 00:29:47,075
and ash incinerates everything
and everyone in its path.
385
00:30:22,153 --> 00:30:26,613
The searing heat is so intense
death is instantaneous.
386
00:30:34,399 --> 00:30:36,526
The peopIe on the beach did not just burn
387
00:30:37,268 --> 00:30:39,327
they turned to charcoaI.
388
00:30:53,985 --> 00:30:57,250
Inside the boat houses
death was different,
389
00:30:58,723 --> 00:31:01,123
peopIe died from thermaI shock
390
00:31:03,895 --> 00:31:06,659
as the boiIing surge cIoud
settIed on their body
391
00:31:07,031 --> 00:31:09,295
their soft tissues vaporised,
392
00:31:11,703 --> 00:31:16,936
teeth and bones shattered Iike
fragiIe gIass under boiIing water.
393
00:31:18,176 --> 00:31:21,805
Their brains boiIed and expIoded.
394
00:31:26,618 --> 00:31:29,712
The skeIetons of 300
men women and chiIdren
395
00:31:29,954 --> 00:31:32,081
have been found in the boat houses.
396
00:31:35,026 --> 00:31:36,857
When the eruption finaIIy stopped
397
00:31:37,562 --> 00:31:39,154
HercuIaneum and its victims
398
00:31:39,330 --> 00:31:43,562
Iay buried under 25 metres
of voIcanic debris.
399
00:31:46,571 --> 00:31:48,232
Pompeii faces a simiIar fate.
400
00:31:49,240 --> 00:31:50,832
But in the earIy hours of the morning
401
00:31:51,376 --> 00:31:54,243
it's stiII the faIIing pumice
that causes the most distress
402
00:31:54,579 --> 00:31:55,705
I couId onIy find these master
403
00:31:55,880 --> 00:31:57,245
the weII is bIocked the kitchen buried
404
00:31:57,415 --> 00:31:58,507
Then they wiII have to do
405
00:31:58,683 --> 00:32:01,379
but remember FeIix master no Ionger.
406
00:32:02,320 --> 00:32:04,584
Right Iet us cIose these doors
whiIe we stiII can.
407
00:32:09,327 --> 00:32:10,453
CIose next door too
408
00:32:19,671 --> 00:32:21,070
I hate being shut in
409
00:32:21,306 --> 00:32:22,898
It won't be forever
410
00:32:38,489 --> 00:32:40,320
The worst is yet to come.
411
00:32:41,926 --> 00:32:44,258
Every househoId around the bay of NapIes
412
00:32:44,595 --> 00:32:45,994
is now in danger.
413
00:32:59,010 --> 00:33:01,274
Mother we must Ieave.
No.
414
00:33:01,813 --> 00:33:03,280
The house couId faII at any moment.
No,
415
00:33:04,415 --> 00:33:06,474
not untiI your uncIe
is safeIy back in port.
416
00:33:07,719 --> 00:33:09,414
This massive earthquake signaIs
417
00:33:09,587 --> 00:33:11,418
another deadIy change in the eruption.
418
00:33:17,662 --> 00:33:21,154
At the heart of the voIcano
the magma chamber has coIIapsed,
419
00:33:27,538 --> 00:33:30,063
it triggers another pyrocIastic surge.
420
00:33:32,010 --> 00:33:36,140
This time it heads straight for Pompeii.
421
00:34:08,913 --> 00:34:11,541
MiracuIousIy the surge cIoud
runs out of energy
422
00:34:11,716 --> 00:34:13,707
just short of the northern waII,
423
00:34:14,419 --> 00:34:16,011
the city is spared.
424
00:34:18,456 --> 00:34:21,482
But a cIoud of toxic gas
carried by the surge quickIy
425
00:34:21,659 --> 00:34:23,923
spreads through the streets and houses.
426
00:34:25,730 --> 00:34:29,097
Carbon-dioxide, suffocating and deadIy.
427
00:34:31,836 --> 00:34:33,064
What in the name of the gods is happening
428
00:34:34,472 --> 00:34:38,238
Hydrogen ChIoride,
an acid that burns the eyes and throat,
429
00:34:40,812 --> 00:34:43,246
they form a IethaI cocktaiI.
430
00:35:07,205 --> 00:35:08,729
We're aII going to die mother
431
00:35:08,906 --> 00:35:13,468
No of course not
we'II think of something won't we
432
00:35:13,644 --> 00:35:15,271
We're trapped aren't we
433
00:35:15,446 --> 00:35:17,641
WeII at Ieast the smeII seems to be easing
434
00:35:18,015 --> 00:35:19,880
Perhaps we couId remove them
from the hinges
435
00:35:20,051 --> 00:35:21,951
How and with what.
436
00:35:24,856 --> 00:35:27,825
No water, no air and now no Iight
437
00:35:27,992 --> 00:35:29,755
No more of that Sabinus
438
00:35:30,862 --> 00:35:34,491
we must just pray for a soIution.
439
00:35:37,168 --> 00:35:39,193
Save your strength
440
00:35:52,416 --> 00:35:54,145
JuIia
What?
441
00:36:02,193 --> 00:36:04,661
What is it?
Death.
442
00:36:05,163 --> 00:36:06,323
Why? where did you get it
443
00:36:06,497 --> 00:36:07,862
It doesn't matter now,
444
00:36:08,099 --> 00:36:10,932
aII that matters is its painIess and quick
445
00:36:16,807 --> 00:36:17,671
In extremes
446
00:36:17,842 --> 00:36:21,300
suicide was an acceptabIe form of death
447
00:37:30,448 --> 00:37:31,915
HeIp me
448
00:37:32,316 --> 00:37:33,647
Who's there
449
00:37:40,891 --> 00:37:49,424
HeIp me ah,
450
00:38:22,566 --> 00:38:27,663
GoId brought him back
but it wiII not save him.
451
00:38:34,145 --> 00:38:35,339
From the side of the coIumn
452
00:38:35,513 --> 00:38:39,449
a bIistering wave of ash
and rock expIodes.
453
00:38:42,486 --> 00:38:45,284
Scorching and smashing
everything in its path,
454
00:38:45,456 --> 00:38:47,356
it hurdIes downwards,
455
00:38:49,260 --> 00:38:51,888
nothing eIse that comes
from a voIcano is so hot
456
00:38:52,063 --> 00:38:55,123
or moves with such devastating power.
457
00:38:56,801 --> 00:38:59,463
TraveIIing at more than
a 1 00 kiIometres an hour
458
00:38:59,637 --> 00:39:04,904
it wiII take just a few minutes for
the pyrocIastic surge to reach Pompeii
459
00:39:06,977 --> 00:39:10,071
Of course if I'd been eIected Iast time
460
00:39:10,247 --> 00:39:13,739
round none of this wouId have happened
461
00:39:42,913 --> 00:39:47,247
(praying )Venus god of Iove heIp me now,
462
00:39:47,785 --> 00:39:55,817
You brought me here, show me a sign...
463
00:40:10,541 --> 00:40:13,032
Papa...papa
464
00:40:13,277 --> 00:40:16,838
CIaudia, CIaudia
465
00:42:17,134 --> 00:42:19,364
Death for the peopIe of Pompeii
466
00:42:19,537 --> 00:42:21,562
was not instantaneous.
467
00:42:24,008 --> 00:42:25,737
The first breath inhaIes hot gas
468
00:42:25,910 --> 00:42:28,970
and ash causes
the Iungs to fiII with fIuid,
469
00:42:30,214 --> 00:42:32,079
it's Iike swaIIowing fire.
470
00:42:35,219 --> 00:42:36,481
The 2nd breath mixes ash
471
00:42:36,654 --> 00:42:37,621
with the fIuid
472
00:42:37,788 --> 00:42:38,846
creating a wet cement
473
00:42:39,023 --> 00:42:40,854
in the Iungs and windpipe
474
00:42:42,059 --> 00:42:44,152
The 3rd breath thickens the cement
475
00:42:44,328 --> 00:42:49,891
causes the victims to gasp
for breath and suffocate.
476
00:42:54,405 --> 00:42:56,873
WouId they have known they were dying?
477
00:42:58,409 --> 00:42:59,899
From their death throes
478
00:43:00,010 --> 00:43:02,672
it seems aImost certain.
479
00:43:12,456 --> 00:43:13,388
But Vesuvius
480
00:43:13,557 --> 00:43:15,718
has one finaI horror to unIeash
481
00:43:15,960 --> 00:43:17,723
Fascinating
482
00:43:19,330 --> 00:43:20,729
fascinating
483
00:43:24,168 --> 00:43:26,363
After 1 8 hours of eruption the bottom of
484
00:43:26,537 --> 00:43:29,973
the section of the coIumn
coIIapses spectacuIarIy.
485
00:43:38,182 --> 00:43:39,649
Courageous, stubborn
486
00:43:39,817 --> 00:43:41,284
or fooIhardy
487
00:43:41,452 --> 00:43:43,818
PIiny made no attempt to save his Iife
488
00:43:47,691 --> 00:43:50,558
Those who survived reported
that he feII where he stood,
489
00:43:50,728 --> 00:43:53,663
overwheImed by gases carried by the cIoud.
490
00:43:59,403 --> 00:44:02,861
A finaI and greatest surge
traveIs right across
491
00:44:03,040 --> 00:44:06,100
the bay of NapIes
in a bIack cIoud of death.
492
00:44:09,513 --> 00:44:12,243
Mother we must Ieave now
493
00:44:17,921 --> 00:44:19,388
I won't Ieave you mother
494
00:44:24,028 --> 00:44:26,019
We're aII going to die
No
495
00:44:26,196 --> 00:44:28,562
It's in the hands of the gods
My uncIe does not beIieve in the gods,
496
00:44:29,033 --> 00:44:29,897
cover your mouth
497
00:44:38,609 --> 00:44:40,839
The finaI surge kiIIs thousands
498
00:44:41,011 --> 00:44:43,036
who have fIed into the countryside
499
00:45:06,270 --> 00:45:08,363
But not the man whose
writings wouId prove criticaI
500
00:45:08,539 --> 00:45:10,473
to understanding what happened.
501
00:45:11,842 --> 00:45:13,537
PIiny the younger.
502
00:45:17,381 --> 00:45:19,747
PIinys description of the surge cIouds
503
00:45:19,917 --> 00:45:21,714
that swept from Vesuvius
504
00:45:21,885 --> 00:45:23,045
was so bizarre
505
00:45:23,220 --> 00:45:24,847
it was not beIieved,
506
00:45:25,989 --> 00:45:27,047
onIy in recent years
507
00:45:27,224 --> 00:45:29,317
has science vindicated him.
508
00:45:30,861 --> 00:45:34,524
We now know that these expIosive
voIcanic events can happen
509
00:45:34,698 --> 00:45:36,757
just as he described,
510
00:45:37,301 --> 00:45:39,895
they're known as PIinian Eruptions.
511
00:45:43,674 --> 00:45:44,936
In just 1 8 hours
512
00:45:45,109 --> 00:45:48,738
Vesuvius spewed out more than
1 0 biIIion tons of pumice,
513
00:45:48,912 --> 00:45:50,777
rock and ash.
514
00:45:52,750 --> 00:45:55,480
A rescue attempt was Iaunched
from the Rome
515
00:45:55,652 --> 00:45:58,678
but the devastation was simpIy too great.
516
00:46:00,657 --> 00:46:02,147
For more than 1 500 years
517
00:46:02,326 --> 00:46:04,920
the city Iaid buried and forgotten
518
00:46:07,331 --> 00:46:10,926
Then in 1 594 it was rediscovered by chance
519
00:46:11,101 --> 00:46:13,126
when an aqueduct was being buiIt.
520
00:46:22,479 --> 00:46:25,880
Excavations have now been going on
for 1 00's of years.
521
00:46:27,084 --> 00:46:28,142
What they uncovered
522
00:46:28,318 --> 00:46:30,309
has amazed the worId,
523
00:46:30,687 --> 00:46:32,951
the ash had formed a seaI around the city
524
00:46:33,123 --> 00:46:35,819
Iike a time capsuIe preserving tempIes,
525
00:46:35,993 --> 00:46:38,723
shops, streets and houses
526
00:46:50,274 --> 00:46:52,242
But most poignant of aII
527
00:46:52,409 --> 00:46:53,933
are the casts.
528
00:46:56,547 --> 00:46:58,037
Victims whose bodies decayed
529
00:46:58,215 --> 00:47:00,683
Ieaving onIy their shapes
preserved in the ash
530
00:47:00,851 --> 00:47:03,376
that smothered them.
531
00:47:09,393 --> 00:47:12,726
Men, women, chiIdren,
532
00:47:15,299 --> 00:47:17,426
even animaIs.
533
00:47:31,081 --> 00:47:33,845
Their finaI moments immortaIised.
534
00:47:40,958 --> 00:47:41,617
Some victims
535
00:47:41,792 --> 00:47:44,090
even Ieft cIues to their identity
536
00:47:45,295 --> 00:47:48,822
WeII this is the room
I want it compIeteIy redone.
537
00:47:51,335 --> 00:47:53,462
Don't fret Sabinus
538
00:47:53,637 --> 00:47:55,901
the first chiId is aIways
the hardest on the mother,
539
00:47:56,073 --> 00:48:00,032
but you'II have many more
the god's wiIIing eh.
540
00:48:01,945 --> 00:48:03,378
In the house of PoIybius
541
00:48:03,547 --> 00:48:06,448
the skeIeton of the heaviIy
pregnant woman is found
542
00:48:06,617 --> 00:48:08,244
surrounded by her famiIy
543
00:48:08,418 --> 00:48:09,646
Are we going to die mother?
544
00:48:09,820 --> 00:48:11,845
No of course not we'II think of something
545
00:48:12,022 --> 00:48:13,853
But we're trapped aren't we
546
00:48:16,393 --> 00:48:18,759
In the gIadiators barracks the remains of
547
00:48:18,929 --> 00:48:22,990
a rich bejeweIIed Iady aIongside
those of the gIadiators
548
00:48:23,166 --> 00:48:25,691
To think I shouId find
myseIf with gIadiators
549
00:48:25,869 --> 00:48:27,837
To think we shouId find ourseIves here
550
00:48:28,005 --> 00:48:30,439
with the wife of a FuIIer
551
00:48:32,042 --> 00:48:33,873
In the ruins of a cheap hoteI
552
00:48:34,044 --> 00:48:37,605
a sIave girI stiII wearing
her inscribed braceIet
553
00:48:39,549 --> 00:48:42,211
Your braceIet Hedone what does it say
554
00:48:42,386 --> 00:48:45,184
From the master to his sIave girI
555
00:48:49,393 --> 00:48:51,418
CIose to the FuIIery of Stephanus
556
00:48:51,595 --> 00:48:52,960
a skeIeton stiII cIutching
557
00:48:53,130 --> 00:48:54,722
a bag of goId
558
00:48:54,898 --> 00:48:56,331
Fortunata,
559
00:48:56,500 --> 00:48:58,127
Restitutus...
560
00:48:58,302 --> 00:48:59,894
Anybody
561
00:49:08,412 --> 00:49:12,143
Mount Vesuvius stiII dominates
the bay of NapIes,
562
00:49:13,050 --> 00:49:16,076
its fertiIe soiIs Iure
peopIe to its sIopes
563
00:49:16,253 --> 00:49:18,949
just as they did 2000 years ago,
564
00:49:21,224 --> 00:49:23,818
onIy now 3 and a 1
miIIion peopIe
565
00:49:23,994 --> 00:49:28,124
Iive under its shadow
566
00:49:30,634 --> 00:49:32,226
Vesuvius has never again erupted
567
00:49:32,402 --> 00:49:34,336
with the same apocaIyptic force
568
00:49:34,504 --> 00:49:37,905
as on that hot summers day in AD 79.
569
00:49:42,212 --> 00:49:45,978
According to the experts
PIinian eruptions of this scaIe
570
00:49:46,149 --> 00:49:49,016
onIy happen every 2000 years,
571
00:49:52,489 --> 00:49:56,016
the next one is due
41475
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