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So far on Life Story,
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we've seen animals learn
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the lessons of childhood...
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..enter the adult world...
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..and find a safe home.
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00:00:26,580 --> 00:00:29,660
Now they must battle for dominance.
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00:00:29,660 --> 00:00:31,460
CHIMPS SCREAM
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00:00:31,460 --> 00:00:34,100
Because those with power
get privileges.
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00:00:35,820 --> 00:00:38,740
The best food,
the best territory...
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00:00:40,140 --> 00:00:43,060
..and the chance to beat
rivals for a mate.
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00:00:47,940 --> 00:00:50,740
But only a lucky few
will ever reach the top.
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00:01:16,340 --> 00:01:17,300
BIRDS CHIRP
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00:01:19,420 --> 00:01:21,620
Senegal, West Africa.
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00:01:27,780 --> 00:01:30,820
A forest water hole offers
this group of chimpanzees
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00:01:30,820 --> 00:01:33,620
a rare respite from
the heat of the day.
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They are the lowliest members
of their 30-strong troop.
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00:01:48,940 --> 00:01:52,860
Advanced age has robbed
this old male of the standing
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00:01:52,860 --> 00:01:54,340
he once enjoyed.
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00:01:54,340 --> 00:01:55,260
CHIMP HOWLS
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00:01:57,740 --> 00:02:00,260
And the youngsters are not old
enough to really
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00:02:00,260 --> 00:02:03,660
worry about status while still
protected by their mothers.
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00:02:09,220 --> 00:02:13,540
But this teenage male is too old
to play with the babies any more.
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00:02:16,580 --> 00:02:17,540
CHIMP GRUNTS
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00:02:25,220 --> 00:02:28,060
The time has come for him
to leave them behind
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00:02:28,060 --> 00:02:31,900
and try to break into the ranks
of the powerful adult males.
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00:02:33,580 --> 00:02:36,820
This is particularly
hard for a young male,
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00:02:36,820 --> 00:02:40,140
because competition for top spots
is so intense.
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00:02:42,500 --> 00:02:48,540
And worse, he's an orphan, without
friends, protection or guidance.
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These males are the troop leaders.
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They hold all the power here.
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00:03:21,500 --> 00:03:24,340
Joining them
is every young male's ambition.
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00:03:29,060 --> 00:03:33,420
To be accepted into this elite
is the path to privilege,
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00:03:33,420 --> 00:03:35,700
but it's a dangerous journey.
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00:03:47,380 --> 00:03:48,340
CHIMPS GRUNT
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00:03:52,980 --> 00:03:54,980
The youngster decides to follow.
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00:03:57,660 --> 00:04:00,460
At first, he has enough
sense to keep his distance.
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00:04:02,140 --> 00:04:04,260
These males are twice his size.
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00:04:08,180 --> 00:04:09,820
CHIMPS HOWL AND SCREAM WILDLY
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00:04:15,140 --> 00:04:17,740
The low-ranking chimps retreat
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00:04:17,740 --> 00:04:20,740
before the troop leaders
arrive at the water hole.
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00:04:29,540 --> 00:04:32,420
Dominant males have a highly
stressful life,
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00:04:32,420 --> 00:04:35,500
as they constantly squabble
to protect their position.
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00:04:35,500 --> 00:04:36,820
CHIMPS HOWL AND SCREAM
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00:04:39,860 --> 00:04:42,820
The youngster can't
take his eyes off them.
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00:04:42,820 --> 00:04:44,140
CHIMPS HOWL AND SCREAM
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00:04:53,900 --> 00:04:58,380
This is his chance to get
himself noticed.
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00:04:58,380 --> 00:05:01,220
If he can impress even
one of the big males with
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00:05:01,220 --> 00:05:04,900
a show of strength, he might just
be accepted into their ranks.
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00:05:18,740 --> 00:05:21,380
His best attempt at a macho
display has certainly
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00:05:21,380 --> 00:05:22,820
caught their attention.
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00:05:22,820 --> 00:05:23,780
CHIMP HOWLS
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00:05:24,980 --> 00:05:26,380
CHIMPS HOWL AND SCREAM
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00:05:29,140 --> 00:05:30,980
But they are not impressed.
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00:05:32,300 --> 00:05:34,780
CHIMPS BEAT ON WOOD
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00:05:41,580 --> 00:05:45,020
In fact, this drumming means
they're getting rather angry.
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00:05:49,860 --> 00:05:51,420
And they attack.
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00:05:51,420 --> 00:05:52,580
CHIMPS HOWL AND SCREAM
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00:05:57,060 --> 00:05:58,860
The youngster is not quick enough.
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00:06:01,780 --> 00:06:03,060
CHIMPS HOWL AND SCREAM WILDLY
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00:06:09,060 --> 00:06:12,660
He gets a short, sharp lesson
about how hard it can be
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00:06:12,660 --> 00:06:14,900
to break into this close-knit gang.
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00:06:16,780 --> 00:06:17,780
CHIMPS BARK
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00:06:19,380 --> 00:06:22,260
He's lucky to escape with
just an injured hand.
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00:06:22,260 --> 00:06:23,260
CHIMP WHINES
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00:06:31,980 --> 00:06:35,300
For the moment, he's neither big
enough nor strong enough
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00:06:35,300 --> 00:06:37,820
to be taken seriously by
the troop leaders.
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00:06:41,780 --> 00:06:46,540
Without status, he will never enjoy
the privileges of the best
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00:06:46,540 --> 00:06:48,780
food or the attention of females.
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00:06:51,540 --> 00:06:55,940
But aggression may not be the only
route for a youngster to gain power.
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00:07:11,220 --> 00:07:15,500
Being at the bottom of the pile
doesn't just mean a lack of status.
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00:07:15,500 --> 00:07:19,380
For some, it can mean the
difference between life and death.
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00:07:25,660 --> 00:07:29,500
By midwinter, several hundred
Alaskan bald eagles
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00:07:29,500 --> 00:07:31,540
have gathered on the Chilkat River.
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00:07:32,620 --> 00:07:36,940
They're here because it is the only
source of food for miles around.
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00:07:43,740 --> 00:07:46,740
This river holds the last
of the year's spawning salmon.
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00:07:54,100 --> 00:07:58,740
Battles amongst adult eagles
establish who holds the power,
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00:07:58,740 --> 00:08:03,420
and here, power means who gets food
and who doesn't.
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00:08:03,420 --> 00:08:04,420
EAGLES SQUAWK
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00:08:08,900 --> 00:08:09,900
EAGLES SQUAWK
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00:08:14,700 --> 00:08:15,940
EAGLES SQUAWK AND CHIRP
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So, what can a low ranking,
powerless juvenile do
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00:08:32,900 --> 00:08:34,460
if she isn't going to starve?
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00:08:37,820 --> 00:08:41,300
She must grab any opportunity
that presents itself
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00:08:41,300 --> 00:08:43,860
before adults stake their claim.
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00:08:43,860 --> 00:08:44,620
EAGLE CALLS
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00:08:56,260 --> 00:08:59,300
She tries to sneak in,
unnoticed by the adults.
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00:09:12,900 --> 00:09:14,060
But she's been spotted.
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00:09:29,660 --> 00:09:30,540
EAGLE SQUAWKS
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The juvenile has done
all the hard work.
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00:09:39,300 --> 00:09:41,540
But her success is short-lived.
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00:09:41,540 --> 00:09:42,860
CHIRPING AND SQUAWKING
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00:09:49,460 --> 00:09:50,420
EAGLE SQUAWKS
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She can't afford to give up
just yet.
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00:10:08,980 --> 00:10:09,820
EAGLE CHIRPS
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00:10:37,420 --> 00:10:40,740
The youngster may not be strong
enough to fight for her fish.
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00:10:43,500 --> 00:10:44,980
But other adults will.
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00:10:50,660 --> 00:10:54,460
The adult's power games
might just help her.
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00:10:56,700 --> 00:10:58,620
Now is her chance.
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00:10:58,620 --> 00:11:00,100
EAGLE CAWS
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00:11:04,900 --> 00:11:09,500
The squabble rapidly
escalates into a full-blown fight.
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00:11:09,500 --> 00:11:10,460
FRANTIC CHIRPING
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This isn't about the fish any more.
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00:11:31,860 --> 00:11:35,820
This is about one adult
enforcing dominance over another.
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The reclaimed fish is
enough to keep the juvenile alive
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for at least a few more days.
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00:11:49,500 --> 00:11:53,380
But there's a long, hard
winter ahead.
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00:12:05,540 --> 00:12:08,540
Dawn in Africa's Kalahari Desert.
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00:12:11,260 --> 00:12:12,740
In meerkat society,
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the success of the troop depends
on decisions made by the leader.
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00:12:18,540 --> 00:12:20,580
Where to feed, where to sleep
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and how to deal with danger.
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00:12:22,700 --> 00:12:23,620
MEERKAT CHATTERS
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No individual can hope to
climb the hierarchy
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unless it accumulates knowledge.
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00:12:34,420 --> 00:12:35,260
MEERKAT CHATTERS
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00:12:41,980 --> 00:12:43,100
MEERKAT CHATTERS
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As the others wake up and emerge,
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this young meerkat is already up
and on his way to his lookout post.
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00:13:09,180 --> 00:13:11,580
Being on watch is
an excellent time
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to learn about the complexity
of the troop's world.
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00:13:16,660 --> 00:13:18,580
Where they forage...
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..and who is friends with who.
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00:13:21,380 --> 00:13:22,340
MEERKATS CHATTER
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00:13:23,980 --> 00:13:26,940
But it's important not to lose
concentration.
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00:13:52,060 --> 00:13:55,580
A quick scramble back into position
before anybody notices.
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00:14:05,540 --> 00:14:08,900
Scanning the skies is
a lookout's most important task,
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00:14:08,900 --> 00:14:13,940
because the troop is vulnerable to
aerial attack by birds of prey.
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00:14:13,940 --> 00:14:15,740
BIRDS CHATTER
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00:14:15,740 --> 00:14:18,980
Youngsters quickly learn that
weaverbirds are no danger.
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00:14:22,060 --> 00:14:24,700
The more he watches,
the more he learns,
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00:14:24,700 --> 00:14:28,940
and the easier it becomes to
distinguish friend from foe.
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Or plain nuisance.
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00:14:50,860 --> 00:14:54,700
But there's only so much
even a keen student can take in
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00:14:54,700 --> 00:14:57,580
at one sitting,
especially on an empty stomach.
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00:14:59,420 --> 00:15:03,260
So, this watcher abandons his post
and heads off to feed.
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00:15:23,300 --> 00:15:24,940
MEERKAT SCREECHES
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A cobra.
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00:15:30,180 --> 00:15:33,700
There is no greater test
for a young meerkat
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than how it deals with danger
like this face to face.
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00:15:46,820 --> 00:15:49,820
In the next few minutes, he's going
to get the most important
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lesson of his young life.
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00:15:58,540 --> 00:15:59,460
BIRDS CRY
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For kangaroos,
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the greatest challenges
come from within their own society.
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00:16:17,260 --> 00:16:21,820
For a male, there's only really one
key lesson to learn in his life.
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00:16:24,740 --> 00:16:28,820
To get to the top,
he must become a fighter.
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00:16:31,660 --> 00:16:35,900
The battles are so brutal that males
need years of training to prepare.
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00:16:41,300 --> 00:16:42,500
The effort is worth it,
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00:16:42,500 --> 00:16:46,460
because a champion fighter wins
privileged access to the females.
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00:16:51,380 --> 00:16:54,780
This meadow is a boot camp
for aspiring boxers.
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00:16:57,260 --> 00:17:00,660
Training starts as soon
as a youngster is out of the pouch.
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Its mother is a handy opponent for
a young joey learning the basics.
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But he's soon off in search
of more sparring partners.
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The other grown-ups are not
so tolerant of this lightweight.
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This male alone rules the meadow.
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00:18:04,020 --> 00:18:05,740
He stands eight feet tall,
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his muscles
hardened by years of sparring.
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00:18:12,140 --> 00:18:15,740
Today, a challenger for his title
has come forward.
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00:18:19,740 --> 00:18:23,820
Full-blown fights are so dangerous,
they're not entered into lightly.
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00:18:27,060 --> 00:18:30,700
But when two males square up,
it's time to clear the arena.
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Anything goes
in these power struggles.
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Eye gouging is entirely
within the rules.
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So is kicking below the belt.
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The dominant male's skill
is already telling.
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The stakes are high.
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00:19:30,260 --> 00:19:33,420
They risk broken bones
and internal injuries.
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Suddenly...
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..it's all over.
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The champion has beaten off
the challenger, at least for now.
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00:19:59,860 --> 00:20:04,100
Only a few of the youngsters
looking on will ever reach the top.
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00:20:05,980 --> 00:20:09,180
And they've just seen exactly
what it takes to get there.
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This young meerkat is facing a much
more immediate and pressing test.
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Nothing can really prepare
a youngster for such a moment.
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Should he attack or run?
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COBRA HISSES AND MEERKAT GROWLS
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For the good of the troop,
there is only one right choice.
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He sounds the alarm to summon help.
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MEERKAT SCREECHES FRANTICALLY
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The rest of the clan,
some 20 strong, rush to the scene.
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00:21:04,060 --> 00:21:05,660
MEERKATS BARK AND SCREECH
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COBRA HISSES
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MEERKAT GROWLS
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Once these reinforcements arrive,
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the confrontation becomes
completely one-sided.
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MEERKATS GROWL
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00:21:56,460 --> 00:21:57,660
MEERKATS GROWL AND BARK
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COBRA HISSES
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The cobra is fast,
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00:22:22,060 --> 00:22:23,460
but meerkats are faster.
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00:22:25,260 --> 00:22:26,700
MEERKATS GROWL AND BARK
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00:22:27,900 --> 00:22:28,900
COBRA HISSES
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00:22:33,060 --> 00:22:37,220
A clash like this is
not as dangerous as it might appear.
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00:22:37,220 --> 00:22:38,100
COBRA HISSES
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MEERKATS BARK
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00:22:39,740 --> 00:22:41,340
The cobra is on the defensive,
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00:22:41,340 --> 00:22:44,820
and is now simply trying to get
away from the baying hordes.
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00:22:50,300 --> 00:22:54,740
The situation quickly turns into
an open-air lesson, as the adults
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00:22:54,740 --> 00:22:57,140
show the youngsters how
to deal with a snake.
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00:23:08,860 --> 00:23:10,940
Danger averted,
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00:23:10,940 --> 00:23:13,620
the older meerkats drift away
to resume feeding.
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00:23:29,740 --> 00:23:34,380
Meeting a cobra for the first time
is a valuable lesson,
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00:23:34,380 --> 00:23:37,780
which leaves a young meerkat
a good deal wiser!
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00:23:53,260 --> 00:23:54,220
MEERKAT CHIRPS
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00:24:10,740 --> 00:24:14,860
In Senegal, it's been several weeks
since the young chimp made
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00:24:14,860 --> 00:24:19,540
his disastrous attempt to break into
the elite group of dominant males.
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00:24:26,620 --> 00:24:31,020
He's still at the bottom
of the hierarchy, and alone.
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00:24:35,740 --> 00:24:39,940
He uses a stick to winkle out
a few termites for his lunch.
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00:24:51,540 --> 00:24:54,500
While he feeds, he's being watched.
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00:24:59,980 --> 00:25:05,740
It's another subordinate male,
larger and a few years older.
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00:25:13,500 --> 00:25:16,340
He doesn't appear threatening
or aggressive.
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00:25:27,900 --> 00:25:31,780
This male seems keen
for the youngster to follow him.
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00:25:46,620 --> 00:25:50,180
The older chimp leads the way
up into the canopy.
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00:25:53,220 --> 00:25:55,500
The youngster hesitates.
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00:25:55,500 --> 00:25:58,780
Perhaps his last encounter
with older chimps is still
215
00:25:58,780 --> 00:26:00,020
fresh in his memory.
216
00:26:04,460 --> 00:26:08,740
Does he follow or turn his back
on what may be an opportunity?
217
00:26:15,060 --> 00:26:18,540
Finally, he climbs up
towards the older chimp.
218
00:26:30,300 --> 00:26:33,500
One false move could lead
to another beating.
219
00:26:42,460 --> 00:26:44,580
He makes an appeasing smile.
220
00:27:02,780 --> 00:27:04,700
It seems to be accepted.
221
00:27:10,100 --> 00:27:15,180
Emboldened, he takes a big risk
and moves closer
222
00:27:15,180 --> 00:27:17,780
and reaches out to the older male.
223
00:27:28,780 --> 00:27:31,100
His instinct was right.
224
00:27:33,260 --> 00:27:36,820
Grooming is a sign of acceptance
and trust.
225
00:27:36,820 --> 00:27:40,740
The youngster has made a friend
and perhaps gained a mentor.
226
00:27:42,780 --> 00:27:47,220
Now he has someone he can learn
from, someone to look out for him.
227
00:27:53,140 --> 00:27:57,540
With this new-found partnership,
the orphaned youngster has taken
228
00:27:57,540 --> 00:28:00,300
that crucial step onto
the social ladder.
229
00:28:02,500 --> 00:28:05,980
For the first time,
he has some status within the troop.
230
00:28:09,780 --> 00:28:11,380
It will change his life.
231
00:28:25,860 --> 00:28:30,500
Among Asian archerfish, it's
the biggest that gets the most food.
232
00:28:33,580 --> 00:28:36,980
And they have an extraordinary
method of catching prey.
233
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They fire a powerful
jet of water at their target.
234
00:29:04,660 --> 00:29:06,980
The best shooters
will grow quickest.
235
00:29:12,180 --> 00:29:13,780
With food scarce,
236
00:29:13,780 --> 00:29:18,660
there's a race among small fish to
master the water-jet technique.
237
00:29:26,660 --> 00:29:28,860
But it's difficult to perfect.
238
00:29:38,980 --> 00:29:43,460
A fish must adjust its jet based
on the prey's size and distance,
239
00:29:43,460 --> 00:29:47,300
and then compensate for the way
light bends as it passes
240
00:29:47,300 --> 00:29:48,700
through the water surface.
241
00:29:50,580 --> 00:29:53,300
Getting it right can take
hundreds of attempts.
242
00:29:56,780 --> 00:29:59,820
But there is a way to shortcut
the learning process.
243
00:30:01,660 --> 00:30:04,940
A youngster can seek out
a larger archerfish.
244
00:30:11,140 --> 00:30:15,140
It'll stick close to the
sharpshooter, spending its days
245
00:30:15,140 --> 00:30:17,380
studying the master's technique.
246
00:30:35,060 --> 00:30:36,740
When they part company,
247
00:30:36,740 --> 00:30:39,940
the young fish will resume
his search for food.
248
00:30:45,620 --> 00:30:48,060
Somehow, in a way
not yet understood,
249
00:30:48,060 --> 00:30:52,060
a young fish can imitate the adult's
aiming and firing technique
250
00:30:52,060 --> 00:30:54,140
and shortcut the need to practise.
251
00:31:00,660 --> 00:31:04,660
Unfortunately, becoming a
sharpshooter is only half the story.
252
00:31:07,740 --> 00:31:11,860
There's another reason why
big fish get the lion's share.
253
00:31:11,860 --> 00:31:13,020
They're bullies.
254
00:31:16,060 --> 00:31:18,300
But, armed with this newfound skill,
255
00:31:18,300 --> 00:31:21,060
a young fish's future
will be brighter.
256
00:31:28,060 --> 00:31:30,060
THUNDER RUMBLES
257
00:31:36,300 --> 00:31:40,620
In Arizona, a desert storm triggers
a ruthless campaign for dominance.
258
00:31:45,340 --> 00:31:48,180
A honey ant queen digs into the sand
259
00:31:48,180 --> 00:31:50,700
before the sun bakes it hard again.
260
00:31:59,340 --> 00:32:03,980
She needs to make a nest, but
she can't manage to do that alone.
261
00:32:05,220 --> 00:32:06,860
Another queen appears,
262
00:32:06,860 --> 00:32:09,100
and in a rare example
of cooperation,
263
00:32:09,100 --> 00:32:11,100
they start digging together.
264
00:32:23,580 --> 00:32:24,860
A third queen.
265
00:32:29,300 --> 00:32:33,700
Soon, a number of royals
are working together,
266
00:32:33,700 --> 00:32:35,700
but such harmony
will be short-lived.
267
00:32:40,580 --> 00:32:44,420
When the nest is ready,
they seal themselves in.
268
00:32:53,580 --> 00:32:57,180
None of the queens
will ever see sunlight again.
269
00:33:03,500 --> 00:33:06,460
This bunker is a nursery.
270
00:33:14,220 --> 00:33:18,700
Each queen begins to lay hundreds of
tiny eggs, no bigger than a pinhead.
271
00:33:23,620 --> 00:33:26,900
In a matter of weeks,
the first cycle is complete.
272
00:33:26,900 --> 00:33:29,900
Tiny, pale workers
emerge from the cocoons.
273
00:33:35,660 --> 00:33:40,100
Their arrival signals the end of
all regal cooperation.
274
00:33:42,340 --> 00:33:44,740
This colony can only have one ruler.
275
00:33:49,540 --> 00:33:52,260
After helping create
this army of workers,
276
00:33:52,260 --> 00:33:54,820
the queens have served their purpose
277
00:33:54,820 --> 00:33:56,700
and they are now expendable.
278
00:34:01,580 --> 00:34:04,420
And it's the workers
that do the dirty work.
279
00:34:11,340 --> 00:34:13,580
The queens are captured,
280
00:34:13,580 --> 00:34:15,860
stretched and dismembered.
281
00:34:22,500 --> 00:34:24,380
It's a brutal assassination.
282
00:34:35,300 --> 00:34:37,980
But one queen remains unharmed
283
00:34:37,980 --> 00:34:40,420
whilst the purge
continues around her,
284
00:34:40,420 --> 00:34:42,980
until all competition is eliminated.
285
00:34:53,620 --> 00:34:56,580
The royal carcasses
don't go to waste.
286
00:34:56,580 --> 00:34:58,620
The workers feed them to the larvae.
287
00:35:01,740 --> 00:35:04,940
Now one queen reigns supreme
288
00:35:04,940 --> 00:35:07,660
and the army of workers
answer only to her.
289
00:35:12,940 --> 00:35:15,780
She has manoeuvred
her way to power.
290
00:35:15,780 --> 00:35:18,900
Now she will set about
establishing an empire.
291
00:35:20,580 --> 00:35:23,460
THUNDER RUMBLES
292
00:35:29,180 --> 00:35:32,340
In Senegal,
the wet season has arrived.
293
00:35:46,460 --> 00:35:48,860
The chimps' home is transformed.
294
00:36:10,300 --> 00:36:14,620
The young male and his new friend
have become constant companions.
295
00:36:22,420 --> 00:36:24,700
The chimps have been starved
of protein
296
00:36:24,700 --> 00:36:28,860
during the long, dry season
and are now desperate for meat.
297
00:36:39,260 --> 00:36:42,260
The young chimp's mentor
knows where to look for it.
298
00:36:46,620 --> 00:36:50,380
There may be something hiding
deep inside this hollow tree trunk.
299
00:36:54,340 --> 00:36:59,140
And the older chimp has a remarkable
skill that enables him to find out.
300
00:37:09,140 --> 00:37:10,980
Stripping the twigs off a branch,
301
00:37:10,980 --> 00:37:14,500
he fashions it into
what looks like a spear.
302
00:37:28,820 --> 00:37:33,300
He then does something that takes
hunting with tools to a new level,
303
00:37:33,300 --> 00:37:35,380
as he probes the hollow trunk.
304
00:37:46,380 --> 00:37:50,540
He checks the point
for any signs of blood,
305
00:37:50,540 --> 00:37:52,540
then tries again.
306
00:38:19,180 --> 00:38:23,220
He flushes out a small mammal
- a galago -
307
00:38:23,220 --> 00:38:24,820
and quickly despatches it.
308
00:38:32,580 --> 00:38:36,260
This is the first real meat
he's had for several months
309
00:38:36,260 --> 00:38:38,620
but his success will test
310
00:38:38,620 --> 00:38:41,500
the growing friendship
between the two males.
311
00:38:54,140 --> 00:38:56,140
Being willing to share meat
312
00:38:56,140 --> 00:38:59,780
reflects the strength of the bond
between individual chimps.
313
00:39:07,140 --> 00:39:09,780
He hands a morsel
to the younger male.
314
00:39:13,020 --> 00:39:17,100
With this decision, the older chimp
has sealed an alliance
315
00:39:17,100 --> 00:39:19,740
that one day
may make them strong enough
316
00:39:19,740 --> 00:39:22,300
to challenge
the troop's dominant males.
317
00:39:27,660 --> 00:39:30,780
This growing partnership
has not gone unnoticed
318
00:39:30,780 --> 00:39:33,500
by some of the other chimps.
319
00:39:35,580 --> 00:39:39,820
The young male's status in the troop
is most definitely on the rise.
320
00:39:52,220 --> 00:39:56,460
In the Arizona desert,
the honey ant queen has been busy.
321
00:40:03,380 --> 00:40:05,020
In her underground kingdom,
322
00:40:05,020 --> 00:40:08,420
this queen now commands
thousands of workers.
323
00:40:13,940 --> 00:40:19,260
They can carve out a huge network of
interlinked tunnels and chambers
324
00:40:19,260 --> 00:40:21,900
that may extend
to a depth of nine feet.
325
00:40:23,980 --> 00:40:27,940
Some of her subjects
have become living storage barrels
326
00:40:27,940 --> 00:40:31,620
with their bodies grossly distorted
as they're filled with honey,
327
00:40:31,620 --> 00:40:33,780
fuel for her growing army.
328
00:40:37,540 --> 00:40:41,660
In the quest for total domination,
an army of workers
329
00:40:41,660 --> 00:40:45,180
is constantly on the offensive,
eliminating any competition.
330
00:40:52,940 --> 00:40:56,020
They especially target
rival honey ant colonies.
331
00:41:14,100 --> 00:41:16,140
Underground in one chamber,
332
00:41:16,140 --> 00:41:20,300
the queen has been carefully
nurturing a very special brood.
333
00:41:29,100 --> 00:41:31,740
Hundreds of winged
sons and daughters
334
00:41:31,740 --> 00:41:35,580
all carrying her genes and all
waiting for the right moment.
335
00:41:43,420 --> 00:41:46,780
On a warm, still evening,
they march to the surface,
336
00:41:46,780 --> 00:41:49,020
to a specially prepared launch pad
337
00:41:49,020 --> 00:41:51,020
from where they will take flight.
338
00:42:03,900 --> 00:42:07,540
They mate on the wing,
then the females spread out
339
00:42:07,540 --> 00:42:10,940
across the desert, each carrying
their queen's bloodline.
340
00:42:23,980 --> 00:42:25,540
Many perish...
341
00:42:28,620 --> 00:42:32,100
..but each that succeeds
in establishing her own colony
342
00:42:32,100 --> 00:42:35,620
is spreading their queen's power
further across this land.
343
00:42:44,060 --> 00:42:47,220
In an individual's climb
towards power and privilege,
344
00:42:47,220 --> 00:42:48,780
there comes a point
345
00:42:48,780 --> 00:42:51,780
when the ultimate rewards
are finally within reach.
346
00:42:57,060 --> 00:42:58,540
It's the time to find out
347
00:42:58,540 --> 00:43:01,660
if you really have what it takes
to make the last step.
348
00:43:10,060 --> 00:43:11,860
It's winter in Montana.
349
00:43:13,300 --> 00:43:17,940
Mature male sharp-tailed grouse are
getting in some pre-season training.
350
00:43:21,260 --> 00:43:23,780
Here, on their traditional
display grounds
351
00:43:23,780 --> 00:43:26,420
they're practising
their courtship dancing
352
00:43:26,420 --> 00:43:29,540
and staking a claim
to the best spots
353
00:43:29,540 --> 00:43:31,780
on what will become their stage.
354
00:43:45,820 --> 00:43:50,660
But the real show begins
with the arrival of spring.
355
00:44:04,900 --> 00:44:08,580
The females are looking for
the perfect partner,
356
00:44:08,580 --> 00:44:11,940
choosing those males
who are not just good dancers
357
00:44:11,940 --> 00:44:16,860
but who can fight for and hold
the best spots on the dance floor.
358
00:44:26,660 --> 00:44:30,500
This young male is big enough
to enter the contest
359
00:44:30,500 --> 00:44:31,900
for the first time.
360
00:44:32,940 --> 00:44:35,660
There is only one way to find out
361
00:44:35,660 --> 00:44:37,460
whether he's got what it takes.
362
00:44:37,460 --> 00:44:38,780
GROUSE CALLS
363
00:44:42,100 --> 00:44:45,700
He must go out there and dance.
364
00:44:54,540 --> 00:44:57,900
But his debut performance
appears to have stopped the show.
365
00:45:08,140 --> 00:45:12,300
In fact, none of the others
have noticed him at all.
366
00:45:14,180 --> 00:45:16,300
They've spotted approaching danger.
367
00:45:18,660 --> 00:45:20,420
A short-eared owl.
368
00:45:28,020 --> 00:45:29,980
BIRD CALLS OUT
369
00:45:29,980 --> 00:45:35,300
When the threat has passed, they can
all pick up where they left off.
370
00:45:39,780 --> 00:45:43,980
But this youngster has now strayed
into another male's space.
371
00:45:51,820 --> 00:45:55,780
He's about to find out
whether he really has what it takes.
372
00:46:43,980 --> 00:46:49,340
It's a close-run thing, but the
younger male is finally driven away.
373
00:46:59,420 --> 00:47:03,740
If he is ever to claim one of the
top spots and attract a female,
374
00:47:03,740 --> 00:47:06,780
he will have to fight
again and again
375
00:47:06,780 --> 00:47:08,900
until he is victorious.
376
00:47:29,940 --> 00:47:32,820
The young chimp
has already learnt the dangers
377
00:47:32,820 --> 00:47:34,820
of having to fight for power,
378
00:47:34,820 --> 00:47:38,980
and has discovered that there
may be a subtler path to privilege.
379
00:47:44,300 --> 00:47:46,940
He's back with the nursery group,
380
00:47:46,940 --> 00:47:50,300
but his attitude
is now very different.
381
00:48:01,740 --> 00:48:05,180
Playing with youngsters
is not a backward step for him.
382
00:48:20,660 --> 00:48:23,900
On the contrary,
this is part of a plan.
383
00:48:36,540 --> 00:48:40,260
Because where there are babies,
there are mother chimps.
384
00:48:49,420 --> 00:48:53,340
And they're now starting to take
notice of him for the first time.
385
00:49:04,980 --> 00:49:08,580
With his growing status
within the troop, he's becoming
386
00:49:08,580 --> 00:49:10,380
an attractive proposition...
387
00:49:13,740 --> 00:49:17,340
And that will one day prove critical
388
00:49:17,340 --> 00:49:22,620
because in nature, the ultimate
expression of power is to win a mate
389
00:49:22,620 --> 00:49:26,180
and so have the chance to leave
a legacy in the form of offspring.
390
00:49:30,660 --> 00:49:35,540
That is the next challenge
to be faced in Life Story.
391
00:49:42,900 --> 00:49:46,420
COCKEREL CROWS
392
00:49:46,420 --> 00:49:48,820
Senegal, West Africa.
393
00:49:48,820 --> 00:49:51,460
The Life Story team
are setting out to film
394
00:49:51,460 --> 00:49:54,300
a unique hunting behaviour
in chimpanzees.
395
00:49:56,340 --> 00:49:57,740
For director Emma Napper,
396
00:49:57,740 --> 00:50:01,820
the chance to meet these chimps
has been a long time coming.
397
00:50:01,820 --> 00:50:05,460
SHE WHISPERS: We first heard
about this about nine months ago.
398
00:50:05,460 --> 00:50:08,580
So I know the chimps' names,
I've seen little videos of them,
399
00:50:08,580 --> 00:50:10,300
I've seen pictures of them.
400
00:50:10,300 --> 00:50:13,020
I've just now got to wait
until it's light
401
00:50:13,020 --> 00:50:16,020
and I'll be able to see them.
It's really...
402
00:50:16,020 --> 00:50:18,500
I can hear them in the trees.
It's really cool.
403
00:50:21,700 --> 00:50:23,940
Field researcher Michel Sadiakhou
404
00:50:23,940 --> 00:50:27,980
has been tracking the chimps
for the last four years.
405
00:50:27,980 --> 00:50:32,500
CHIMPS HOWL AND SQUEAL
406
00:50:32,500 --> 00:50:34,540
Oh, my God. They're so loud!
407
00:50:34,540 --> 00:50:37,340
But for Emma and cameraman
Richard Jones,
408
00:50:37,340 --> 00:50:42,180
this is the first time they've been
so close to wild chimpanzees.
409
00:50:53,220 --> 00:50:55,580
These first encounters can be risky.
410
00:50:57,180 --> 00:50:59,740
Humans and chimps
are so closely related
411
00:50:59,740 --> 00:51:03,060
that the crew could introduce
disease into the troop.
412
00:51:07,460 --> 00:51:11,020
There's a group about
ten metres away from us
413
00:51:11,020 --> 00:51:15,300
in the tree, which is why
we've got to wear the facemasks.
414
00:51:15,300 --> 00:51:17,780
CHIMPS HOWL
415
00:51:17,780 --> 00:51:20,620
There are 30 chimps in the troop.
416
00:51:20,620 --> 00:51:24,260
What? Joff.
417
00:51:24,260 --> 00:51:25,380
That's Joff? OK.
418
00:51:25,380 --> 00:51:27,500
And Dawson. Dawson.
419
00:51:27,500 --> 00:51:30,100
Michel can not only
recognise and name them,
420
00:51:30,100 --> 00:51:32,980
but he knows their histories
and social status too.
421
00:51:37,620 --> 00:51:40,340
Making sense of this chaotic family
422
00:51:40,340 --> 00:51:42,780
is going to be key
to the success of the shoot.
423
00:51:46,220 --> 00:51:48,500
And that means
winning the troop's trust.
424
00:51:56,220 --> 00:52:00,020
Researcher Jill Pruetz has been
studying the troop for ten years.
425
00:52:01,580 --> 00:52:04,380
And she knows that
the key to earning their trust
426
00:52:04,380 --> 00:52:06,820
is adopting the right etiquette.
427
00:52:06,820 --> 00:52:09,380
It's not like with gorillas either,
where you can't
428
00:52:09,380 --> 00:52:12,020
look them in the eye
or anything like that. Oh, really?
429
00:52:12,020 --> 00:52:14,460
It's basically the same way
you would look at a person.
430
00:52:14,460 --> 00:52:16,700
If you look too hard at a person,
it's going to be rude.
431
00:52:16,700 --> 00:52:19,260
The same with the chimps.
432
00:52:19,260 --> 00:52:20,700
Over the next few weeks,
433
00:52:20,700 --> 00:52:23,420
the crew has to track the troop
all over the forest.
434
00:52:25,220 --> 00:52:27,460
This means gruelling 18-hour days
435
00:52:27,460 --> 00:52:30,460
in temperatures above
40 degrees centigrade.
436
00:52:32,140 --> 00:52:36,900
The chimps are a volatile bunch,
always squabbling among themselves.
437
00:52:36,900 --> 00:52:39,020
CHIMP SQUEALS
438
00:52:39,020 --> 00:52:42,020
Emma starts to pick out
some of the characters.
439
00:52:43,300 --> 00:52:46,140
Looks like a lot of teenage boys
I used to know,
440
00:52:46,140 --> 00:52:47,540
and they act like them too.
441
00:52:51,020 --> 00:52:52,700
A young male called Dawson
442
00:52:52,700 --> 00:52:56,100
particularly catches
the crew's attention.
443
00:52:56,100 --> 00:52:58,140
We decided to follow Dawson
444
00:52:58,140 --> 00:53:02,780
because he's at an interesting
point in his life because he is
445
00:53:02,780 --> 00:53:05,420
junior amongst the males here.
446
00:53:05,420 --> 00:53:07,660
So he's really trying to fight
447
00:53:07,660 --> 00:53:11,300
to get the respect of the other
males and to climb the hierarchy.
448
00:53:11,300 --> 00:53:13,020
By concentrating on Dawson,
449
00:53:13,020 --> 00:53:16,900
the crew may be able to film a much
richer story than they had expected.
450
00:53:22,700 --> 00:53:26,540
It's the low-ranking chimps
like Dawson that use spears to hunt.
451
00:53:28,260 --> 00:53:31,300
It's such an unusual behaviour
that many researchers
452
00:53:31,300 --> 00:53:34,460
couldn't believe it was true
when Jill first reported it.
453
00:53:36,540 --> 00:53:39,980
Capturing it on film
would be a real coup for the team.
454
00:53:47,580 --> 00:53:50,500
The crew have spent
nearly 300 hours in the forest
455
00:53:50,500 --> 00:53:52,300
and covered hundreds of miles,
456
00:53:52,300 --> 00:53:55,780
before the more dominant chimps
accept them.
457
00:54:04,700 --> 00:54:09,020
But to gain the acceptance of the
shyer chimps will take more time,
458
00:54:09,020 --> 00:54:12,020
and Emma is starting to
get to grips with the family.
459
00:54:13,900 --> 00:54:16,740
When we first came here,
Michel was saying, "Dumbo,
460
00:54:16,740 --> 00:54:18,780
"that's the one with the big ears,
461
00:54:18,780 --> 00:54:21,500
"David, that's the one
that's really black."
462
00:54:21,500 --> 00:54:23,460
And you're sitting there thinking,
463
00:54:23,460 --> 00:54:25,740
"Oh, the black chimp
with the big ears?
464
00:54:25,740 --> 00:54:29,380
"Well, they've all got big ears,
they're all black."
465
00:54:29,380 --> 00:54:31,780
But a couple of weeks later
it's different.
466
00:54:31,780 --> 00:54:33,780
You can see really see
the differences.
467
00:54:33,780 --> 00:54:35,820
They act different,
they look different.
468
00:54:35,820 --> 00:54:38,220
It's just a matter
of getting to know them.
469
00:54:40,500 --> 00:54:44,060
Finally, Dawson
walks directly towards the crew.
470
00:54:44,060 --> 00:54:46,780
A sign of trust at last.
471
00:54:46,780 --> 00:54:49,260
They're able to film
the critical moment
472
00:54:49,260 --> 00:54:51,940
when he makes friends
with a chimp called Lupin.
473
00:54:54,180 --> 00:54:58,180
This friendship will bring
about a change of fortune for Dawson
474
00:54:58,180 --> 00:55:00,260
and for the film crew too.
475
00:55:00,260 --> 00:55:02,700
THUNDER RUMBLES
476
00:55:07,740 --> 00:55:11,340
After six long weeks in the bush,
there's a change in the weather.
477
00:55:14,420 --> 00:55:17,980
It's what the crew
have been waiting for.
478
00:55:17,980 --> 00:55:19,500
MICHEL LAUGHS
479
00:55:19,500 --> 00:55:22,340
The only times
Michel has ever seen spear hunting
480
00:55:22,340 --> 00:55:25,620
is immediately after a downpour.
481
00:55:25,620 --> 00:55:28,020
And rainstorms are rare
in this forest.
482
00:55:31,700 --> 00:55:34,420
The chimps' mood changes
with the weather.
483
00:55:36,780 --> 00:55:39,780
Suddenly, they seem
more serious and focused.
484
00:55:42,620 --> 00:55:43,980
It's a good sign.
485
00:55:52,180 --> 00:55:54,420
With the noise and the rain,
it's hard to keep up,
486
00:55:54,420 --> 00:55:57,220
but it's vital that the crew
stick close to Dawson.
487
00:56:10,100 --> 00:56:11,700
As the rain subsides,
488
00:56:11,700 --> 00:56:15,060
the chimps behave in a way
the crew have not seen before.
489
00:56:17,500 --> 00:56:20,540
The youngsters probe inside
hollow trees with sticks.
490
00:56:21,900 --> 00:56:24,940
Then suddenly Lupin starts to make
a full-sized spear.
491
00:56:27,540 --> 00:56:30,140
Dawson watches from the sidelines.
492
00:56:35,460 --> 00:56:37,300
It's a remarkable moment.
493
00:56:39,100 --> 00:56:40,900
That's what we were hoping for,
494
00:56:40,900 --> 00:56:44,220
but it looks more deliberate
than I could have ever imagined.
495
00:56:50,500 --> 00:56:52,100
That's absolutely amazing.
496
00:56:57,020 --> 00:56:59,420
Being able to capture this behaviour
497
00:56:59,420 --> 00:57:03,100
is the result of a decade of study
by Jill and her team,
498
00:57:03,100 --> 00:57:07,100
and by the crew spending
over 700 hours tracking the troop.
499
00:57:08,380 --> 00:57:11,620
Yet the hunt
lasted just three minutes.
500
00:57:11,620 --> 00:57:14,220
It's hardly surprising
only a handful of people
501
00:57:14,220 --> 00:57:16,060
have ever witnessed this before.
502
00:57:17,900 --> 00:57:20,940
When I still see it,
I get really excited, you know.
503
00:57:20,940 --> 00:57:25,020
I still... Like, that newness of it
hasn't worn off, that's for sure.
504
00:57:27,260 --> 00:57:31,100
The Life Story team have filmed
more than they ever hoped -
505
00:57:31,100 --> 00:57:34,660
both the moving story
of Dawson's climb to power
506
00:57:34,660 --> 00:57:36,780
and a remarkable new behaviour.
507
00:57:43,740 --> 00:57:45,540
In the next stage of Life Story,
508
00:57:45,540 --> 00:57:48,020
we will see animals
attempt to win a mate.
509
00:57:49,820 --> 00:57:51,340
There'll be glamour...
510
00:57:53,260 --> 00:57:54,860
..naked aggression...
511
00:57:56,540 --> 00:57:58,140
..remarkable dance moves...
512
00:58:00,180 --> 00:58:02,380
..and extraordinary artistry.
513
00:58:07,900 --> 00:58:11,140
For a free Open University
interactive poster
514
00:58:11,140 --> 00:58:17,500
exploring animal life journeys,
call...
515
00:58:23,540 --> 00:58:26,700
Or follow the links to the
Open University on our website.
41829
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