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[gentle music]
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♪ ♪
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‐ Eight scientists are about
to be sealed
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00:01:07,768 --> 00:01:11,271
in an eight‐story
airtight terrarium.
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00:01:11,304 --> 00:01:13,507
‐ Shelley Taylor Morgan
is standing by at the site
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00:01:13,540 --> 00:01:15,275
at Oracle, Arizona.
Hi, Shelley.
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‐ Morning.
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What you're seeing here
is the doorway
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that the eight Biospherians
are going to walk into
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and be sealed into
for two years.
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‐ Two years.
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‐ The futuristic‐looking steel
and glass structure
13
00:01:30,190 --> 00:01:32,292
is touted
as an environmental laboratory
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00:01:32,325 --> 00:01:34,427
and prototype
for colonies in space.
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‐ They'll spend two years
in their prefab paradise
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trying to support themselves
17
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so that the rest of us
can learn
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00:01:41,902 --> 00:01:43,537
what it would be like
if we had to move
19
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into a portable world
on another planet.
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‐ Its designers say
it's science.
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Its detractors say
it's a tourist attraction
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run by questionable characters.
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♪ ♪
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‐ It's starting to happen,
as you can see.
25
00:01:59,886 --> 00:02:01,454
There they are...
26
00:02:01,487 --> 00:02:02,856
‐ There they go.
‐ Saying goodbye.
27
00:02:02,889 --> 00:02:04,357
Doesn't this feel like
they're going to the Moon?
28
00:02:04,390 --> 00:02:05,692
‐ Well, I mean, yeah,
I'm expecting
29
00:02:05,726 --> 00:02:08,562
a blast‐off or something.
[laughs]
30
00:02:08,595 --> 00:02:10,597
No, it is. I'm getting chills
as we sit here and watch this,
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00:02:10,631 --> 00:02:12,699
because it is really‐‐
‐ It really is.
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‐ You know, we may look back
upon this in a number of years
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00:02:15,368 --> 00:02:17,370
and say
that was where it all began.
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[warm music]
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00:02:20,373 --> 00:02:27,313
♪ ♪
36
00:02:33,820 --> 00:02:36,189
‐ The experimenter enters
the experiment
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00:02:36,222 --> 00:02:37,958
in the grand tradition.
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‐ This is an incredible moment.
The future is here.
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♪ ♪
40
00:03:17,764 --> 00:03:20,734
[gentle music]
41
00:03:20,767 --> 00:03:27,273
♪ ♪
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00:03:27,307 --> 00:03:29,976
‐ It started in San Francisco.
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00:03:30,010 --> 00:03:34,280
♪ ♪
44
00:03:34,314 --> 00:03:36,883
I was 17.
45
00:03:36,917 --> 00:03:40,486
I was on my way
to a rehearsal,
46
00:03:40,521 --> 00:03:43,256
locked the door
of the apartment,
47
00:03:43,289 --> 00:03:46,259
and there was an older man
locking the door
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00:03:46,292 --> 00:03:48,829
of his apartment
just next door.
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00:03:48,862 --> 00:03:51,364
♪ ♪
50
00:03:51,397 --> 00:03:54,434
I'd never seen this man.
51
00:03:54,467 --> 00:03:56,402
He said, "What are you doing?"
52
00:03:56,436 --> 00:03:58,839
and I pulled out this book,
and I said,
53
00:03:58,872 --> 00:04:02,743
"Well, actually, I want to do
what's in this book."
54
00:04:02,776 --> 00:04:05,646
He said, "What's that?"
55
00:04:05,679 --> 00:04:08,615
so I described
56
00:04:08,649 --> 00:04:09,916
this slim novella
called "Mount Analogue"
57
00:04:09,950 --> 00:04:11,952
by a French writer.
58
00:04:11,985 --> 00:04:13,486
His name is Rene Daumal.
59
00:04:15,421 --> 00:04:18,491
"Mount Analogue"
is about a group of people
60
00:04:18,525 --> 00:04:21,695
who decided to land
on an island
61
00:04:21,728 --> 00:04:26,499
that didn't exist on any map,
and I loved this book,
62
00:04:26,533 --> 00:04:30,737
and I wanted to do
what those people did.
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00:04:30,771 --> 00:04:35,475
He said, "Forget the book.
That's what I'm going to do."
64
00:04:35,509 --> 00:04:37,944
I said, "Well, as long
as there's theater and dance."
65
00:04:37,978 --> 00:04:40,647
He said, "Okay."
66
00:04:40,681 --> 00:04:44,651
And this was John Allen.
67
00:04:44,685 --> 00:04:48,354
That night, he said he was
calling all of his friends
68
00:04:48,388 --> 00:04:51,658
in New Mexico
to come to San Francisco,
69
00:04:51,692 --> 00:04:57,864
so a number of us moved in
together on my 18th birthday.
70
00:04:57,898 --> 00:04:59,766
‐ I had left New England
because I didn't want
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00:04:59,800 --> 00:05:01,802
to get married in New England
72
00:05:01,835 --> 00:05:04,104
and be
the typical New England wife,
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00:05:04,137 --> 00:05:07,874
have typical New England kids,
and live that lifestyle.
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00:05:07,908 --> 00:05:12,779
Wonderful people,
but I didn't‐‐that wasn't me.
75
00:05:12,813 --> 00:05:18,418
I was waiting to figure out
what the heck I was gonna do,
76
00:05:18,451 --> 00:05:22,088
and I was desperate,
I was panicking.
77
00:05:22,122 --> 00:05:24,357
John Allen called me up
and said,
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00:05:24,390 --> 00:05:26,426
"Get your butt here quick.
79
00:05:26,459 --> 00:05:29,062
This is where
it's happening planetarily."
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00:05:31,532 --> 00:05:35,101
‐ There was a coworker that
I had at Lawrence Laboratory
81
00:05:35,135 --> 00:05:40,641
who said, "Well, go check out
John Allen in San Francisco."
82
00:05:40,674 --> 00:05:45,445
1967 in San Francisco,
there was all this, you know,
83
00:05:45,478 --> 00:05:47,981
people doing things
together in groups,
84
00:05:48,014 --> 00:05:52,485
and that was interesting
to me, so I went.
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00:05:52,519 --> 00:05:55,155
["Something In The Air"
by Thunderclap Newman]
86
00:05:55,188 --> 00:05:58,725
♪ ♪
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00:05:58,759 --> 00:06:02,863
‐ People were doing all sorts
of things at that time.
88
00:06:02,896 --> 00:06:04,097
‐ ♪ Call out ♪
89
00:06:04,130 --> 00:06:05,832
‐ There were a lot of people
90
00:06:05,866 --> 00:06:07,934
starting collectives,
communes,
91
00:06:07,968 --> 00:06:11,672
and we wanted to last,
92
00:06:11,705 --> 00:06:15,141
so we didn't take drugs.
That would kind of blow it.
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00:06:15,175 --> 00:06:17,878
‐ ♪ Sooner or later ♪
94
00:06:17,911 --> 00:06:20,046
♪ Because
the revolution's here ♪
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00:06:20,080 --> 00:06:23,116
‐ If one wants to make
a contribution to history,
96
00:06:23,149 --> 00:06:27,187
you notice those moments
of opening,
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00:06:27,220 --> 00:06:28,922
and that's when you act.
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00:06:28,955 --> 00:06:30,957
♪ ♪
99
00:06:30,991 --> 00:06:33,059
‐ ♪ And you know
that it's right ♪
100
00:06:33,093 --> 00:06:36,129
‐ We sat down
in the living room.
101
00:06:36,162 --> 00:06:38,599
What is it
that we're going to do?
102
00:06:38,632 --> 00:06:41,668
Well, we could do theater,
we could do art,
103
00:06:41,702 --> 00:06:46,072
we could do business, we could
do science, we could do‐‐
104
00:06:46,106 --> 00:06:48,775
and then somebody said,
"Let's do all of it."
105
00:06:48,809 --> 00:06:50,944
Okay.
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00:06:50,977 --> 00:06:53,914
[string music]
107
00:06:53,947 --> 00:07:01,121
♪ ♪
108
00:07:02,122 --> 00:07:06,059
‐ We set up the Theater
of All Possibilities.
109
00:07:06,092 --> 00:07:09,162
That was our first project
together.
110
00:07:09,195 --> 00:07:13,967
♪ ♪
111
00:07:14,000 --> 00:07:17,838
‐ The theater engages
the entire organism,
112
00:07:17,871 --> 00:07:21,842
movement, thought, emotion.
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00:07:21,875 --> 00:07:25,145
It gives you insights
into yourself,
114
00:07:25,178 --> 00:07:28,549
building a foundation
from which we could go on
115
00:07:28,582 --> 00:07:30,183
and do other projects.
116
00:07:30,216 --> 00:07:34,688
♪ ♪
117
00:07:34,721 --> 00:07:36,857
‐ I wanted to document
what we were doing.
118
00:07:36,890 --> 00:07:40,160
It was history.
It was important.
119
00:07:40,193 --> 00:07:43,964
So I taught myself
16mm filmmaking.
120
00:07:43,997 --> 00:07:47,267
I did a lot of handheld,
shaky‐‐
121
00:07:47,300 --> 00:07:49,269
well, I was forced to have
122
00:07:49,302 --> 00:07:51,972
a certain kind of a style
as a filmmaker,
123
00:07:52,005 --> 00:07:57,678
because of lack of funds,
and lack of knowledge also.
124
00:07:57,711 --> 00:07:59,846
♪ ♪
125
00:07:59,880 --> 00:08:02,583
I loved to get
close‐ups and faces.
126
00:08:02,616 --> 00:08:03,917
You know, it was like
you're catching
127
00:08:03,950 --> 00:08:05,285
the essence of a person.
128
00:08:05,318 --> 00:08:12,258
♪ ♪
129
00:08:20,901 --> 00:08:24,805
‐ I'd met very charismatic
people before,
130
00:08:24,838 --> 00:08:27,107
I'd met geniuses before,
131
00:08:27,140 --> 00:08:29,175
but there's no one
like John Allen.
132
00:08:30,176 --> 00:08:32,713
It was a feeling
of rightness that, yes,
133
00:08:32,746 --> 00:08:35,315
this is what I want to do.
This is a person
134
00:08:35,348 --> 00:08:39,052
I want to go on this voyage
into the unknown with.
135
00:08:42,188 --> 00:08:44,791
I love him.
I love him.
136
00:08:44,825 --> 00:08:47,060
I still love him.
137
00:08:47,093 --> 00:08:50,531
I wouldn't say it was a‐‐
yes, it was a relationship.
138
00:08:52,666 --> 00:08:56,870
Yeah, it was a very particular
kind of relationship
139
00:08:56,903 --> 00:08:59,873
which was based on friendship.
140
00:08:59,906 --> 00:09:02,776
‐ He's 12 years older
than I am,
141
00:09:02,809 --> 00:09:05,646
and we did have
a relationship,
142
00:09:05,679 --> 00:09:09,149
extremely platonic
in kind of a strange way.
143
00:09:09,182 --> 00:09:11,084
But, you know,
I was very fond of him,
144
00:09:11,117 --> 00:09:13,620
and I guess he was fond of me,
145
00:09:13,654 --> 00:09:18,124
and then suddenly,
he asked me to marry him.
146
00:09:19,893 --> 00:09:22,829
Oh, okay.
[laughs]
147
00:09:22,863 --> 00:09:27,133
That sounds good.
Yeah, so anyway, I did.
148
00:09:27,167 --> 00:09:29,235
When we got married,
it wasn't
149
00:09:29,269 --> 00:09:31,004
for the normal sort
of married life type of thing.
150
00:09:31,037 --> 00:09:33,707
It was‐‐we were married
to make a project.
151
00:09:34,841 --> 00:09:37,778
[ethereal music]
152
00:09:37,811 --> 00:09:44,751
♪ ♪
153
00:09:51,391 --> 00:09:54,394
‐ Being born in Oklahoma,
in those days,
154
00:09:54,427 --> 00:09:58,799
Oklahoma was still
a frontier state.
155
00:09:58,832 --> 00:10:01,768
Frontiers are very uncertain.
That's by definition, right?
156
00:10:01,802 --> 00:10:03,870
A frontier is where two
or more cultures
157
00:10:03,904 --> 00:10:06,673
are interfacing
with each other,
158
00:10:06,707 --> 00:10:10,677
and so it is dramatic, always.
What is gonna happen?
159
00:10:10,711 --> 00:10:13,780
♪ ♪
160
00:10:13,814 --> 00:10:15,716
I worked
at a meatpacking plant
161
00:10:15,749 --> 00:10:19,753
and did union organizing,
worked as a metallurgist,
162
00:10:19,786 --> 00:10:22,756
was in the US Army Corps
of Engineers,
163
00:10:22,789 --> 00:10:25,759
got an MBA at Harvard,
164
00:10:25,792 --> 00:10:27,027
and I wandered around,
165
00:10:27,060 --> 00:10:29,730
thinking about what I wanted
to do.
166
00:10:29,763 --> 00:10:32,966
I knew that would have
to be something unusual.
167
00:10:32,999 --> 00:10:34,367
[andante music]
168
00:10:34,400 --> 00:10:38,338
I was fundamentally interested
in transformation
169
00:10:38,371 --> 00:10:40,406
of where we're ordinarily at,
170
00:10:40,440 --> 00:10:42,442
of what the human potential
could be.
171
00:10:42,475 --> 00:10:46,747
♪ ♪
172
00:10:46,780 --> 00:10:50,083
‐ I think we'd had it
with San Francisco.
173
00:10:50,116 --> 00:10:53,854
The scene there became
corrupted by commercialism.
174
00:10:53,887 --> 00:10:57,457
♪ ♪
175
00:10:57,490 --> 00:11:01,995
We just decided we wanted
to have our own place.
176
00:11:02,028 --> 00:11:04,831
♪ ♪
177
00:11:04,865 --> 00:11:06,967
We found a beautiful piece
of land
178
00:11:07,000 --> 00:11:08,969
that wouldn't cost much,
179
00:11:09,002 --> 00:11:11,037
and where we could
build a ranch.
180
00:11:11,071 --> 00:11:12,839
♪ ♪
181
00:11:12,873 --> 00:11:16,042
We called ourself Synergists.
182
00:11:16,076 --> 00:11:23,016
♪ ♪
183
00:11:28,121 --> 00:11:31,491
‐ We needed to become
more directly connected
184
00:11:31,525 --> 00:11:36,329
with growing food
and not just being consumers.
185
00:11:36,362 --> 00:11:39,733
♪ ♪
186
00:11:39,766 --> 00:11:41,735
We were workaholics,
187
00:11:41,768 --> 00:11:44,370
running the ranch
and the theater.
188
00:11:44,404 --> 00:11:50,777
♪ ♪
189
00:11:50,811 --> 00:11:53,146
‐ Johnny was
a very good leader,
190
00:11:53,179 --> 00:11:55,849
and he instilled that.
191
00:11:55,882 --> 00:11:59,219
If you feel that you've been
given permission to go do
192
00:11:59,252 --> 00:12:00,987
any kind of a task,
193
00:12:01,021 --> 00:12:05,425
no matter‐‐almost no matter
what it is, you'll do it.
194
00:12:05,458 --> 00:12:08,394
[soft vocal music]
195
00:12:08,428 --> 00:12:15,368
♪ ♪
196
00:12:22,408 --> 00:12:24,945
‐ Our group was inspired
197
00:12:24,978 --> 00:12:26,947
by a lot
of different thinkers.
198
00:12:26,980 --> 00:12:30,283
♪ ♪
199
00:12:30,316 --> 00:12:32,085
The "Whole Earth Catalog,"
200
00:12:32,118 --> 00:12:37,290
that beautiful cover looking
at the planet as a whole.
201
00:12:37,323 --> 00:12:41,361
That was really thrilling.
202
00:12:41,394 --> 00:12:44,965
The works
of William S. Burroughs.
203
00:12:44,998 --> 00:12:47,534
He was seeing
that there was a countdown
204
00:12:47,568 --> 00:12:50,904
to ecological disaster,
205
00:12:50,937 --> 00:12:53,507
themes that we were
interested in.
206
00:12:53,540 --> 00:12:56,442
♪ ♪
207
00:12:56,476 --> 00:13:00,981
We'd read "Spaceship Earth"
by Buckminster Fuller.
208
00:13:01,014 --> 00:13:07,253
‐ Bucky Fuller had pioneered
the idea of a geodesic dome.
209
00:13:07,287 --> 00:13:11,057
I was handed the task
to build one.
210
00:13:11,091 --> 00:13:13,527
♪ ♪
211
00:13:13,560 --> 00:13:16,530
This is a way of learning
by doing,
212
00:13:16,563 --> 00:13:19,399
to be pushed to the limits
of your skills.
213
00:13:19,432 --> 00:13:26,507
♪ ♪
214
00:13:27,107 --> 00:13:29,510
The dome symbolized the unity
215
00:13:29,543 --> 00:13:32,212
that reflected
the values of the ranch.
216
00:13:32,245 --> 00:13:35,115
‐ The struts of a ball have
tremendous strength together,
217
00:13:35,148 --> 00:13:37,117
but individually,
218
00:13:37,150 --> 00:13:39,219
they don't have that kind
of cohesive strength.
219
00:13:39,252 --> 00:13:41,221
♪ ♪
220
00:13:41,254 --> 00:13:43,624
That's how we worked.
221
00:13:43,657 --> 00:13:47,160
The whole is greater
than the sum of its parts.
222
00:13:47,193 --> 00:13:49,329
♪ ♪
223
00:13:53,499 --> 00:13:56,436
[spacey music]
224
00:13:56,469 --> 00:14:00,173
♪ ♪
225
00:14:00,206 --> 00:14:03,009
[laughter]
226
00:14:03,043 --> 00:14:05,912
[indistinct chatter
and noises]
227
00:14:05,946 --> 00:14:12,886
♪ ♪
228
00:14:25,666 --> 00:14:30,103
‐ It was October 1969
that I arrived at the ranch.
229
00:14:30,136 --> 00:14:31,672
They happened, in fact,
230
00:14:31,705 --> 00:14:35,942
to be in the middle
of a theater rehearsal.
231
00:14:35,976 --> 00:14:39,613
The door burst through,
and 20 to 25 people
232
00:14:39,646 --> 00:14:43,650
with really high energy
entered the room.
233
00:14:43,684 --> 00:14:46,520
It was kind of like
a good omen.
234
00:14:46,553 --> 00:14:52,092
It was like I'm stepping
into something totally new.
235
00:14:52,125 --> 00:14:55,195
I was born in Brooklyn,
Flatbush,
236
00:14:55,228 --> 00:14:58,431
so I'm quite a New York kid.
237
00:14:58,464 --> 00:15:01,001
I worked as a taxi driver.
238
00:15:01,034 --> 00:15:03,504
I was a proofreader
at Time Life Books.
239
00:15:03,537 --> 00:15:05,672
I was a court reporter
for a while.
240
00:15:05,706 --> 00:15:08,108
Oh, and a social worker.
241
00:15:08,141 --> 00:15:10,176
I really was looking
for something different.
242
00:15:10,210 --> 00:15:14,280
♪ ♪
243
00:15:14,314 --> 00:15:16,482
I was such an urbanite,
244
00:15:16,517 --> 00:15:19,686
people would say,
"Pick that 2"x4" up,"
245
00:15:19,720 --> 00:15:25,191
and I would think to myself,
"Two by four.
246
00:15:25,225 --> 00:15:27,160
What could that refer to?"
247
00:15:27,193 --> 00:15:30,230
♪ ♪
248
00:15:30,263 --> 00:15:32,599
Johnny said, "Everybody here
249
00:15:32,633 --> 00:15:34,568
"needs to be in charge
of something.
250
00:15:34,601 --> 00:15:37,403
"We try to run this
as a work democracy.
251
00:15:37,437 --> 00:15:39,005
What do you want
to be in charge of?"
252
00:15:39,039 --> 00:15:40,974
and I thought,
"I haven't a clue."
253
00:15:41,007 --> 00:15:42,576
Johnny came up with the idea
254
00:15:42,609 --> 00:15:44,711
of an enterprise
of having an orchard.
255
00:15:44,745 --> 00:15:47,113
I said, "I'm on for that."
256
00:15:47,147 --> 00:15:49,550
I really fell in love
with soil, and trees,
257
00:15:49,583 --> 00:15:52,152
and really keeping
that connection
258
00:15:52,185 --> 00:15:53,620
with the whole natural world.
259
00:15:53,654 --> 00:16:00,594
♪ ♪
260
00:16:01,662 --> 00:16:03,429
The ranch was the first step
261
00:16:03,463 --> 00:16:05,198
in learning
about sustainability.
262
00:16:05,231 --> 00:16:07,634
♪ ♪
263
00:16:07,668 --> 00:16:11,171
We saw an opportunity.
264
00:16:11,204 --> 00:16:13,707
We could make sustainable,
265
00:16:13,740 --> 00:16:16,309
viable projects
around the world.
266
00:16:16,342 --> 00:16:20,280
♪ ♪
267
00:16:35,295 --> 00:16:38,198
[kettle whistling]
268
00:16:43,403 --> 00:16:45,405
‐ Here we were,
not that long
269
00:16:45,438 --> 00:16:48,542
into making the ranch
a sustainable place,
270
00:16:48,575 --> 00:16:51,211
and the gardens were going,
and it was all happening.
271
00:16:57,751 --> 00:16:59,185
Well, I think maybe
Johnny thought
272
00:16:59,219 --> 00:17:01,688
it was
all too successful now,
273
00:17:01,722 --> 00:17:05,559
and that we had to move
to the next realm.
274
00:17:05,592 --> 00:17:08,562
[upbeat music]
275
00:17:08,595 --> 00:17:14,367
♪ ♪
276
00:17:14,400 --> 00:17:17,103
‐ The magic
of the entire enterprise
277
00:17:17,137 --> 00:17:19,706
was to always increase
the challenge.
278
00:17:19,740 --> 00:17:22,676
♪ ♪
279
00:17:22,709 --> 00:17:24,310
‐ Johnny actually said,
280
00:17:24,344 --> 00:17:27,080
"I think we should build
a ship."
281
00:17:27,113 --> 00:17:28,214
‐ We wanted to go someplace
282
00:17:28,248 --> 00:17:30,584
where we certainlyhad never been before.
283
00:17:30,617 --> 00:17:32,418
It was a new era
for our projects.
284
00:17:32,452 --> 00:17:34,420
It would go planetary.
285
00:17:34,454 --> 00:17:36,857
‐ We went to my family home
in Berkeley,
286
00:17:36,890 --> 00:17:40,193
where we set up
our living space
287
00:17:40,226 --> 00:17:43,263
so that we could build a ship
on the shore in Oakland.
288
00:17:43,296 --> 00:17:47,534
♪ ♪
289
00:17:47,568 --> 00:17:49,503
‐ We started out
with smaller projects.
290
00:17:49,536 --> 00:17:51,437
The answers are easier,
291
00:17:51,471 --> 00:17:55,141
and eventually, you have
to do very complex things.
292
00:17:55,175 --> 00:18:02,115
♪ ♪
293
00:18:10,423 --> 00:18:13,627
‐ We thought,
"If we can build a ship,
294
00:18:13,660 --> 00:18:17,197
an oceangoing ship,
we could do anything."
295
00:18:17,230 --> 00:18:24,170
♪ ♪
296
00:18:28,341 --> 00:18:33,246
‐ Our ship is called
the "Heraclitus."
297
00:18:33,279 --> 00:18:37,350
The construction of the ship
was pretty much a performance.
298
00:18:37,383 --> 00:18:44,324
♪ ♪
299
00:18:57,938 --> 00:18:59,573
‐ Margaret Augustine
300
00:18:59,606 --> 00:19:03,744
is the primary architect
of our projects.
301
00:19:03,777 --> 00:19:08,381
Margaret, who was 19 or 20,
kind of rose to the occasion
302
00:19:08,414 --> 00:19:10,817
when we were building
the "Heraclitus."
303
00:19:10,851 --> 00:19:12,418
Margaret says,
304
00:19:12,452 --> 00:19:15,221
"I'm going to run
the construction site."
305
00:19:15,255 --> 00:19:19,225
♪ ♪
306
00:19:19,259 --> 00:19:22,428
Freddy Dempster learned
celestial navigation.
307
00:19:22,462 --> 00:19:25,431
[pensive music]
308
00:19:25,465 --> 00:19:26,733
♪ ♪
309
00:19:26,767 --> 00:19:28,935
‐ In a relatively benign
setting
310
00:19:28,969 --> 00:19:30,737
like Synergia Ranch,
311
00:19:30,771 --> 00:19:32,305
you can make mistakes,
312
00:19:32,338 --> 00:19:36,409
and you learn
that you made a mistake,
313
00:19:36,442 --> 00:19:37,778
but in this case,
314
00:19:37,811 --> 00:19:41,982
your life depends
on these things working.
315
00:19:42,015 --> 00:19:47,387
♪ ♪
316
00:19:47,420 --> 00:19:49,322
‐ The day of the launch
was very dramatic,
317
00:19:49,355 --> 00:19:51,424
because we had this high tide.
318
00:19:51,457 --> 00:19:55,596
And people had been working
24‐hour shifts.
319
00:19:55,629 --> 00:20:02,569
♪ ♪
320
00:20:05,338 --> 00:20:11,344
We had booked a tow boat
to pull us into the water.
321
00:20:11,377 --> 00:20:13,814
We built it, and in theory,
it would float,
322
00:20:13,847 --> 00:20:16,550
but we didn't know
what was gonna happen.
323
00:20:16,583 --> 00:20:19,419
♪ ♪
324
00:20:19,452 --> 00:20:21,688
‐ And then there's a jolt.
325
00:20:21,722 --> 00:20:25,491
It was just slipping
out there.
326
00:20:25,526 --> 00:20:27,828
And we were moving.
327
00:20:27,861 --> 00:20:34,801
♪ ♪
328
00:20:47,548 --> 00:20:50,684
Suddenly, the bow went up.
[exhales]
329
00:20:50,717 --> 00:20:52,753
Like that.
Yeah.
330
00:20:52,786 --> 00:20:59,726
♪ ♪
331
00:21:44,404 --> 00:21:47,974
‐ We sailed out
from San Francisco Bay,
332
00:21:48,008 --> 00:21:50,677
sailed out
under the Golden Gate Bridge,
333
00:21:50,711 --> 00:21:52,546
and when we got out
in the ocean,
334
00:21:52,579 --> 00:21:56,517
the waves were huge,
literally 25 to 30 feet high.
335
00:21:56,550 --> 00:22:03,456
♪ ♪
336
00:22:06,593 --> 00:22:09,663
‐ Nothing was tied down
the way it should've been.
337
00:22:09,696 --> 00:22:13,800
The radar broke
and fell in the ocean.
338
00:22:13,834 --> 00:22:18,371
‐ We certainly were learning
quickly, yes.
339
00:22:18,404 --> 00:22:21,074
‐ And for some reason,
I wasn't afraid.
340
00:22:21,107 --> 00:22:24,077
And I don't think
anybody was afraid.
341
00:22:24,110 --> 00:22:28,549
♪ ♪
342
00:22:28,582 --> 00:22:30,651
It was one
of those transitional,
343
00:22:30,684 --> 00:22:37,023
transformative moments, indeed.
Well, now we were free.
344
00:22:37,057 --> 00:22:40,026
[gentle music]
345
00:22:40,060 --> 00:22:46,867
♪ ♪
346
00:22:46,900 --> 00:22:50,737
‐ There's
a strong nomadic nature
347
00:22:50,771 --> 00:22:53,574
to our projects.
348
00:22:53,607 --> 00:22:55,108
‐ Well, we toured
around the world.
349
00:22:55,141 --> 00:23:02,082
♪ ♪
350
00:23:51,197 --> 00:23:52,533
‐ You know,
I'm a broke Oklahoma boy.
351
00:23:52,566 --> 00:23:54,034
How am I gonna support
all this stuff?
352
00:23:54,067 --> 00:23:55,669
[laughs]
353
00:23:55,702 --> 00:23:58,672
‐ How did you support it?
‐ Just enterprising.
354
00:23:58,705 --> 00:24:01,542
♪ ♪
355
00:24:01,575 --> 00:24:05,512
‐ We weren't a commune.
We were a corporation.
356
00:24:05,546 --> 00:24:07,013
♪ ♪
357
00:24:07,047 --> 00:24:09,115
We started businesses
around the world
358
00:24:09,149 --> 00:24:11,251
in order to make money.
359
00:24:11,284 --> 00:24:14,154
We had to survive.
We had to pay for everything.
360
00:24:14,187 --> 00:24:17,490
‐ We were quite capitalistic.
361
00:24:17,524 --> 00:24:19,092
‐ You know, we were never,
362
00:24:19,125 --> 00:24:22,663
in any of our projects,
into profit maximization,
363
00:24:22,696 --> 00:24:26,733
but without sustainable,
viable economics,
364
00:24:26,767 --> 00:24:28,602
these projects can't last.
365
00:24:28,635 --> 00:24:32,673
♪ ♪
366
00:24:32,706 --> 00:24:35,175
It's unusual to find
business partners
367
00:24:35,208 --> 00:24:39,279
who were willing
to think long‐term.
368
00:24:39,312 --> 00:24:42,583
‐ Ed Bass was an integral part
of our businesses
369
00:24:42,616 --> 00:24:43,717
around the planet.
370
00:24:43,750 --> 00:24:45,719
♪ ♪
371
00:24:45,752 --> 00:24:49,656
‐ He really liked this sense
of exploration,
372
00:24:49,690 --> 00:24:51,191
sense of adventure.
373
00:24:55,962 --> 00:24:58,231
Ed Bass is a billionaire
374
00:24:58,264 --> 00:25:02,569
from a prominent family
in Fort Worth, Texas.
375
00:25:02,603 --> 00:25:05,839
The Basses‐‐
their money was in oil.
376
00:25:05,872 --> 00:25:12,178
♪ ♪
377
00:25:12,212 --> 00:25:15,916
We formed a joint venture
with Ed.
378
00:25:15,949 --> 00:25:18,885
‐ And we had a particular kind
of a deal with him.
379
00:25:18,919 --> 00:25:20,253
He would put forward
380
00:25:20,286 --> 00:25:21,888
the capital to buy
certain properties,
381
00:25:21,922 --> 00:25:23,824
and then we would go there
382
00:25:23,857 --> 00:25:26,259
and work
to enhance their value,
383
00:25:26,292 --> 00:25:29,896
and make something‐‐
something amazing.
384
00:25:29,930 --> 00:25:32,733
So we built a hotel
in Kathmandu.
385
00:25:32,766 --> 00:25:39,673
♪ ♪
386
00:25:44,177 --> 00:25:46,880
We opened an art gallery
in London.
387
00:25:46,913 --> 00:25:50,083
♪ ♪
388
00:25:50,116 --> 00:25:53,219
‐ I spent ten years of my life
taking care of our land
389
00:25:53,253 --> 00:25:55,155
in the Australian outback.
390
00:25:55,188 --> 00:25:59,893
♪ ♪
391
00:25:59,926 --> 00:26:02,095
‐ We started touring theater.
392
00:26:02,128 --> 00:26:06,667
♪ ♪
393
00:26:06,700 --> 00:26:08,602
‐ We played
on every continent,
394
00:26:08,635 --> 00:26:10,904
including Antarctica.
395
00:26:10,937 --> 00:26:16,109
♪ ♪
396
00:26:16,142 --> 00:26:18,612
‐ The idea to start projects
in different biomes
397
00:26:18,645 --> 00:26:20,246
was to understand
398
00:26:20,280 --> 00:26:22,816
the whole planet
experientially.
399
00:26:25,218 --> 00:26:30,223
♪ ♪
400
00:26:30,256 --> 00:26:33,794
‐ Small groups are
the engines of change.
401
00:26:33,827 --> 00:26:36,362
♪ ♪
402
00:26:36,396 --> 00:26:40,400
Johnny provided the ideas
that coalesced our whole group
403
00:26:40,433 --> 00:26:42,803
into doing collective action.
404
00:26:42,836 --> 00:26:45,238
♪ ♪
405
00:26:45,271 --> 00:26:47,708
Under his leadership,
406
00:26:47,741 --> 00:26:51,678
we could achieve things
in common action
407
00:26:51,712 --> 00:26:54,280
that we could not otherwise
achieve.
408
00:26:54,314 --> 00:26:57,884
♪ ♪
409
00:26:57,918 --> 00:27:00,821
‐ I lost my dad when I was 16.
410
00:27:00,854 --> 00:27:03,423
[string music]
411
00:27:03,456 --> 00:27:06,860
I often institute
father figures...
412
00:27:06,893 --> 00:27:10,063
♪ ♪
413
00:27:10,096 --> 00:27:11,765
And I think I had a projection
on John.
414
00:27:11,798 --> 00:27:13,033
I may still have it.
[laughs]
415
00:27:13,066 --> 00:27:15,936
I won't say I'm over it.
416
00:27:15,969 --> 00:27:18,805
He was very charismatic,
very dynamic,
417
00:27:18,839 --> 00:27:22,809
exploding with energy.
418
00:27:22,843 --> 00:27:25,679
He was a fallible human being.
419
00:27:25,712 --> 00:27:30,684
John can be tempestuous,
big time,
420
00:27:30,717 --> 00:27:33,319
but John
is definitely a genius.
421
00:27:33,353 --> 00:27:35,188
♪ ♪
422
00:27:49,202 --> 00:27:50,971
‐ To explore the history
423
00:27:51,004 --> 00:27:52,272
of the planet Earth
and its future,
424
00:27:52,305 --> 00:27:54,474
and to examine man's relationto the planet Earth
425
00:27:54,508 --> 00:27:57,210
and his future,
the Institute of Eco‐Technics
426
00:27:57,243 --> 00:27:58,812
invited
outstanding scientists,
427
00:27:58,845 --> 00:28:00,413
artists of the avant‐garde,
428
00:28:00,446 --> 00:28:03,016
explorers, and managers
of our present time
429
00:28:03,049 --> 00:28:04,718
to a four‐day conference
at their facility
430
00:28:04,751 --> 00:28:06,386
in the south of France.
431
00:28:06,419 --> 00:28:08,354
This film is the record
of those shared investigations
432
00:28:08,388 --> 00:28:09,990
and experiences,
433
00:28:10,023 --> 00:28:12,092
fears and hopes,
ignorance and knowledge
434
00:28:12,125 --> 00:28:14,194
of the mystery and patterns
of planet Earth.
435
00:28:14,227 --> 00:28:17,163
[dramatic string music]
436
00:28:17,197 --> 00:28:18,398
♪ ♪
437
00:28:18,431 --> 00:28:20,466
‐ We were doing conferences,
438
00:28:20,500 --> 00:28:23,436
and we held them in
different parts of the world.
439
00:28:23,469 --> 00:28:26,840
They started
with specific biomes,
440
00:28:26,873 --> 00:28:30,343
a conference on deserts,
on oceans, on jungles.
441
00:28:30,376 --> 00:28:32,345
♪ ♪
442
00:28:32,378 --> 00:28:34,280
Pretty soon,
we ran out of biomes,
443
00:28:34,314 --> 00:28:38,151
so we did the planet Earth.
444
00:28:38,184 --> 00:28:40,921
‐ Dr. Alexander King sounds
a note of warning.
445
00:28:40,954 --> 00:28:43,056
We are living in
an unusually warm period,
446
00:28:43,089 --> 00:28:44,525
but small overall
temperature changes
447
00:28:44,558 --> 00:28:47,360
lead to ice age glaciation.
448
00:28:47,393 --> 00:28:48,862
Population increase
concentrated
449
00:28:48,895 --> 00:28:50,463
in enormous cities,
450
00:28:50,496 --> 00:28:52,098
destruction
of natural environment,
451
00:28:52,132 --> 00:28:53,299
and increasing disparity
452
00:28:53,333 --> 00:28:54,500
between rich
and poor countries
453
00:28:54,535 --> 00:28:57,337
is leading to a catastrophe,
454
00:28:57,370 --> 00:29:00,440
yet most of the destruction
is caused by human ignorance.
455
00:29:00,473 --> 00:29:04,277
‐ Changes were happening
on an enormous scale.
456
00:29:04,310 --> 00:29:06,412
We were actually in danger
457
00:29:06,446 --> 00:29:10,416
of destroying the planet
as we know it.
458
00:29:10,450 --> 00:29:14,521
‐ And we realized that we had
to do something.
459
00:29:14,555 --> 00:29:16,890
‐ Thank you very much.
460
00:29:16,923 --> 00:29:20,493
Any idea that can be conceived
in our time
461
00:29:20,527 --> 00:29:23,997
can be executed in our time.
462
00:29:24,030 --> 00:29:27,033
It's a hell of a mantra.
463
00:29:27,067 --> 00:29:29,536
‐ Phil Hawes,
our resident architect,
464
00:29:29,570 --> 00:29:32,539
came up
with an adobe spaceship.
465
00:29:32,573 --> 00:29:36,309
The idea of making
an enclosed mini‐world
466
00:29:36,342 --> 00:29:40,046
rose from that moment.
467
00:29:40,080 --> 00:29:42,549
‐ And in this biospheric bank
are thousands of species
468
00:29:42,583 --> 00:29:46,820
of life and eight people.
469
00:29:46,853 --> 00:29:48,589
They better be adventurers,
they better be artists,
470
00:29:48,622 --> 00:29:51,491
and they better be scientists.
471
00:29:51,525 --> 00:29:53,960
‐ We loved this idea
472
00:29:53,994 --> 00:29:56,963
that when you start
to think of colonies in space,
473
00:29:56,997 --> 00:30:02,536
suddenly you are thinking
of sustainable living on Earth.
474
00:30:02,569 --> 00:30:07,974
♪ ♪
475
00:30:08,008 --> 00:30:10,043
‐ I think the whole project‐‐
I mean, I really liked
476
00:30:10,076 --> 00:30:12,345
that it was science fiction
without the fiction.
477
00:30:12,378 --> 00:30:16,249
♪ ♪
478
00:30:16,282 --> 00:30:20,453
This idea
is like "Silent Running."
479
00:30:20,486 --> 00:30:24,057
That was an incredible film.
480
00:30:24,090 --> 00:30:26,492
To see this floating world,
481
00:30:26,527 --> 00:30:30,363
and, you know, the guy taking
care of the wilderness area,
482
00:30:30,396 --> 00:30:32,398
and the little rabbits
hopping.
483
00:30:32,432 --> 00:30:35,401
‐ How are you today? Huh?
Feeling good?
484
00:30:35,435 --> 00:30:38,404
‐ Here is this capsule of life
from Earth
485
00:30:38,438 --> 00:30:40,641
that's being nurtured
and kept alive
486
00:30:40,674 --> 00:30:43,276
and the guy who's in love
with the system,
487
00:30:43,309 --> 00:30:46,046
which I totally identified.
488
00:30:46,079 --> 00:30:48,248
You know, and of course,
the very poignant thing,
489
00:30:48,281 --> 00:30:53,086
that this is the last refuge
of Earth life.
490
00:30:53,119 --> 00:30:54,521
‐ What about the forests?
491
00:30:54,555 --> 00:30:57,123
You don't think anyone should
care about these forests?
492
00:30:57,157 --> 00:30:59,325
What's gonna happen
if these forests
493
00:30:59,359 --> 00:31:01,628
and all this incredible beauty
is lost for all time?
494
00:31:01,662 --> 00:31:04,598
[pensive music]
495
00:31:04,631 --> 00:31:07,067
♪ ♪
496
00:31:07,100 --> 00:31:13,273
‐ Nobody was building
a long‐term life system
497
00:31:13,306 --> 00:31:16,877
to go into space.
No one was doing that.
498
00:31:19,345 --> 00:31:22,282
We thought, "Here's a niche.
Let's go for it."
499
00:31:22,315 --> 00:31:29,489
♪ ♪
500
00:31:29,990 --> 00:31:36,129
When you even visualize
a colony,
501
00:31:36,162 --> 00:31:40,133
off the planet,
502
00:31:40,166 --> 00:31:43,504
suddenly you're rethinking
what's possible.
503
00:31:43,537 --> 00:31:50,443
♪ ♪
504
00:32:14,100 --> 00:32:15,401
‐ Some of us are born
505
00:32:15,435 --> 00:32:17,571
with far better
naturalist sensitivities
506
00:32:17,604 --> 00:32:22,408
than
interpersonal sensitivities.
507
00:32:22,442 --> 00:32:24,177
So, yeah,
508
00:32:24,210 --> 00:32:25,478
I usually get along
with plants
509
00:32:25,512 --> 00:32:27,313
more than I do most people.
510
00:32:27,347 --> 00:32:31,284
♪ ♪
511
00:32:31,317 --> 00:32:33,520
John said, "We're going
into the space race."
512
00:32:34,087 --> 00:32:35,656
I said, "What?"
He said,
513
00:32:35,689 --> 00:32:38,559
"Yeah, we're gonna build
this thing called the Biosphere
514
00:32:38,592 --> 00:32:42,095
"that's a prelude
to extraterrestrial biospheres,
515
00:32:42,128 --> 00:32:46,366
and so, we want you
to design the desert."
516
00:32:46,399 --> 00:32:48,602
♪ ♪
517
00:32:48,635 --> 00:32:50,336
I was working
518
00:32:50,370 --> 00:32:52,472
at the University of Arizona
Desert Laboratory,
519
00:32:52,506 --> 00:32:56,743
and well, you know, compared
to the normal academic career,
520
00:32:56,777 --> 00:32:59,479
compare that
to launch humanity
521
00:32:59,513 --> 00:33:02,749
into an extraterrestrial
evolutionary trajectory?
522
00:33:04,785 --> 00:33:06,486
It was visionary.
523
00:33:06,520 --> 00:33:09,455
[optimistic music]
524
00:33:09,489 --> 00:33:16,429
♪ ♪
525
00:33:18,364 --> 00:33:19,800
‐ If we're gonna go to Mars
and the Moon,
526
00:33:19,833 --> 00:33:22,202
we'd better know
how to make a biosphere.
527
00:33:22,235 --> 00:33:28,408
♪ ♪
528
00:33:28,441 --> 00:33:32,078
‐ A nice, simple definition
that I like of a biosphere
529
00:33:32,112 --> 00:33:37,250
is a virtually closed system
with plants and animals
530
00:33:37,283 --> 00:33:41,387
and atmospheres all inside.
531
00:33:41,421 --> 00:33:42,623
If we're gonna build
532
00:33:42,656 --> 00:33:45,726
the first human‐designed
biospheric system,
533
00:33:45,759 --> 00:33:47,160
we're gonna make it beautiful.
534
00:33:47,193 --> 00:33:50,363
♪ ♪
535
00:33:50,396 --> 00:33:53,700
We're gonna put in
a mini‐rain forest,
536
00:33:53,734 --> 00:33:59,172
a desert, a savanna, an ocean
with a living coral reef.
537
00:33:59,205 --> 00:34:01,742
It would be populated by
hundreds
538
00:34:01,775 --> 00:34:05,178
of carefully‐selected plants
and animal species,
539
00:34:05,211 --> 00:34:08,114
including eight people.
540
00:34:08,148 --> 00:34:12,786
♪ ♪
541
00:34:12,819 --> 00:34:15,488
We called the project
Biosphere 2,
542
00:34:15,522 --> 00:34:17,457
because we wanted people
to say,
543
00:34:17,490 --> 00:34:19,626
"Well, where is Biosphere 1?"
544
00:34:19,660 --> 00:34:21,427
Biosphere 1 is the Earth.
545
00:34:21,461 --> 00:34:24,565
[serene music]
546
00:34:25,198 --> 00:34:26,800
No one really knew
what we'd need
547
00:34:26,833 --> 00:34:29,603
if we're ever gonna go into
space on a permanent basis.
548
00:34:29,636 --> 00:34:31,838
♪ ♪
549
00:34:31,872 --> 00:34:34,875
‐ We don't see how big
the process is.
550
00:34:34,908 --> 00:34:39,112
‐ John Allen had suggested,
"Well, the whole point of this
551
00:34:39,145 --> 00:34:42,749
"is not to do rigorous science
from the get‐go.
552
00:34:42,783 --> 00:34:47,821
"The point of this is to learn
how to make a biosphere
553
00:34:47,854 --> 00:34:50,824
"that can support
human occupants
554
00:34:50,857 --> 00:34:53,760
"in an
extraterrestrial setting.
555
00:34:53,794 --> 00:34:55,629
"It won't work the first time.
556
00:34:55,662 --> 00:34:58,732
"It probably won't work
for the first several times,
557
00:34:58,765 --> 00:35:02,803
but each time, we're likely
to learn more, faster."
558
00:35:04,304 --> 00:35:07,808
‐ There were huge numbers
of scientific consultants.
559
00:35:07,841 --> 00:35:09,409
The University of Arizona,
560
00:35:09,442 --> 00:35:11,912
the Smithsonian
Marine Systems Lab,
561
00:35:11,945 --> 00:35:14,748
and the New York
Botanic Garden.
562
00:35:14,781 --> 00:35:17,383
‐ And are we gonna put
any engineering devices...
563
00:35:17,417 --> 00:35:19,753
‐ Biosphere 2
was gonna build
564
00:35:19,786 --> 00:35:22,656
on the work
of all of our projects.
565
00:35:22,689 --> 00:35:26,359
‐ Agriculture, design,
566
00:35:26,392 --> 00:35:29,696
engineering, technology,
and ecology.
567
00:35:31,798 --> 00:35:33,800
All the things
that we had done together.
568
00:35:33,834 --> 00:35:36,770
♪ ♪
569
00:35:36,803 --> 00:35:39,906
‐ It was a massive
construction project.
570
00:35:39,940 --> 00:35:42,576
♪ ♪
571
00:35:42,609 --> 00:35:44,545
‐ And these were the people
that could do it.
572
00:35:44,578 --> 00:35:47,548
[upbeat music]
573
00:35:47,581 --> 00:35:50,216
♪ ♪
574
00:35:50,250 --> 00:35:52,886
‐ When we were building
the "Heraclitus,"
575
00:35:52,919 --> 00:35:57,490
Margaret Augustine
ran the construction site.
576
00:35:57,524 --> 00:36:00,794
Now, she was the CEO,
and co‐architect
577
00:36:00,827 --> 00:36:04,831
of Biosphere 2.
578
00:36:04,865 --> 00:36:06,900
When you're doing something
579
00:36:06,933 --> 00:36:11,938
that no one has ever done
before, you learn by doing.
580
00:36:11,972 --> 00:36:15,676
‐ Without a project
of this undertaking,
581
00:36:15,709 --> 00:36:18,612
you wouldn't really be able
to feasibly start a colony,
582
00:36:18,645 --> 00:36:20,647
say, on the Moon or Mars.
583
00:36:20,681 --> 00:36:22,683
♪ ♪
584
00:36:22,716 --> 00:36:27,654
‐ Marie Harding was
the chief financial officer.
585
00:36:27,688 --> 00:36:30,290
‐ We had budgets.
586
00:36:30,323 --> 00:36:32,859
The final cost
was $200 million.
587
00:36:32,893 --> 00:36:36,763
That's‐‐for that,
that is like peanuts.
588
00:36:38,431 --> 00:36:42,503
It was quite corporate.
I even wore nail polish.
589
00:36:42,536 --> 00:36:44,237
[laughs]
590
00:36:44,270 --> 00:36:47,808
‐ And also, of course,
there was Ed Bass.
591
00:36:47,841 --> 00:36:49,910
♪ ♪
592
00:36:49,943 --> 00:36:51,945
‐ Edward Bass,
the second‐oldest
593
00:36:51,978 --> 00:36:54,247
of the four Bass brothers,
by some estimates,
594
00:36:54,280 --> 00:36:57,584
the fourth wealthiest family
in the United States.
595
00:36:57,618 --> 00:37:00,486
John Allen's ideas
and Edward Bass's money
596
00:37:00,521 --> 00:37:02,889
have spawned a number
of worldwide ventures.
597
00:37:02,923 --> 00:37:06,527
♪ ♪
598
00:37:06,560 --> 00:37:10,664
‐ Creating Biosphere 2
as a business
599
00:37:10,697 --> 00:37:12,966
made sense for several reasons.
600
00:37:12,999 --> 00:37:16,837
For one, we thought
it could be very profitable.
601
00:37:16,870 --> 00:37:20,373
‐ Ed would invest
a huge amount of money,
602
00:37:20,406 --> 00:37:23,276
figuring there would be
no payback in the short term,
603
00:37:23,309 --> 00:37:25,345
but when we go to space,
604
00:37:25,378 --> 00:37:27,748
Biosphere 2 would yield
605
00:37:27,781 --> 00:37:29,950
enormous
technological spinoffs
606
00:37:29,983 --> 00:37:34,020
that then he could license
and people would pay him for.
607
00:37:34,054 --> 00:37:37,758
‐ Ed was also
passionate about ecology.
608
00:37:37,791 --> 00:37:39,693
‐ All you've got to do
is watch his face light up
609
00:37:39,726 --> 00:37:42,863
when he talks about it.
610
00:37:42,896 --> 00:37:44,798
‐ From the ecological point
of view,
611
00:37:44,831 --> 00:37:47,333
man is very much
a part of the problem.
612
00:37:47,367 --> 00:37:48,935
I was able
to put these together
613
00:37:48,969 --> 00:37:51,037
in my own personal interest
614
00:37:51,071 --> 00:37:55,408
and really become involved
in ecological matters.
615
00:37:55,441 --> 00:37:58,044
‐ We'd been thinking
about the human relationship
616
00:37:58,078 --> 00:38:01,682
with the environment
for decades.
617
00:38:01,715 --> 00:38:04,317
Biosphere 2 is totally
618
00:38:04,350 --> 00:38:06,086
an awesome new kind
of approach
619
00:38:06,119 --> 00:38:07,821
to studying
620
00:38:07,854 --> 00:38:10,591
and coming up with solutions
to Earth problems.
621
00:38:15,028 --> 00:38:17,363
[orchestral music]
622
00:38:17,397 --> 00:38:24,571
♪ ♪
623
00:38:25,371 --> 00:38:28,675
‐ We have, in the last year,
put out a paper
624
00:38:28,709 --> 00:38:31,778
that said we had a program
for Biospherian candidates.
625
00:38:31,812 --> 00:38:34,848
‐ We had
maybe 15 or so people,
626
00:38:34,881 --> 00:38:37,350
Biospherians in training,
627
00:38:37,383 --> 00:38:41,622
and the selection was
gonna be made from that group.
628
00:38:41,655 --> 00:38:44,525
‐ There wasn't
a type of person.
629
00:38:44,558 --> 00:38:46,660
It wasn't eight clones
that showed up.
630
00:38:46,693 --> 00:38:50,030
This is the kind of human being
who would do this.
631
00:38:50,063 --> 00:38:52,799
It was‐‐
that wasn't predictable.
632
00:38:52,833 --> 00:38:55,368
‐ I'm Jane Pointer.
I'm a Biospherian candidate.
633
00:38:55,401 --> 00:38:57,838
‐ Well, my nickname's Laser.
634
00:38:57,871 --> 00:38:59,773
I like to be in the middle
of the action.
635
00:38:59,806 --> 00:39:01,542
I like to get things done.
636
00:39:01,575 --> 00:39:04,511
‐ Well, I know
that the eight people who go in
637
00:39:04,545 --> 00:39:06,813
will come out different people,
638
00:39:06,847 --> 00:39:09,916
and come out as a group
of people
639
00:39:09,950 --> 00:39:13,687
probably incomparable
to any other group in history.
640
00:39:13,720 --> 00:39:15,722
‐ Many people say
"Well," you know, "Why?
641
00:39:15,756 --> 00:39:17,490
Why are you getting locked up
in the Biosphere?"
642
00:39:17,524 --> 00:39:19,392
I don't call it‐‐
643
00:39:19,425 --> 00:39:22,495
I don't think of it as being
locked up in the Biosphere.
644
00:39:22,529 --> 00:39:24,831
In fact, I think of it
as locking everybody else out.
645
00:39:24,865 --> 00:39:27,433
[laughs]
646
00:39:27,467 --> 00:39:29,703
‐ We looked
for who are the free thinkers,
647
00:39:29,736 --> 00:39:31,838
so I automatically eliminated
648
00:39:31,872 --> 00:39:34,007
all the people
that follow people.
649
00:39:34,040 --> 00:39:36,977
[general hubbub]
650
00:39:41,615 --> 00:39:43,149
‐ Two!
651
00:39:48,755 --> 00:39:51,024
‐ Okay, go down and switch
to the next partner.
652
00:39:51,057 --> 00:39:52,759
Do the‐‐appear
and disappear emotionally,
653
00:39:52,793 --> 00:39:54,661
the way you were doing
physically before.
654
00:39:55,962 --> 00:40:01,067
‐ John Allen was a brilliant,
charismatic leader,
655
00:40:01,101 --> 00:40:04,505
because he simply met
the emotional needs.
656
00:40:04,538 --> 00:40:06,206
He was a mind musician.
657
00:40:06,239 --> 00:40:08,208
He really knew
what people needed,
658
00:40:08,241 --> 00:40:10,911
and tried to motivate them
by supplying it,
659
00:40:10,944 --> 00:40:13,547
or withholding it sometimes.
660
00:40:14,548 --> 00:40:18,151
I thought part
of John Allen's genius
661
00:40:18,184 --> 00:40:21,955
was helping people to realize
it's all theater.
662
00:40:21,988 --> 00:40:24,925
[energetic music]
663
00:40:24,958 --> 00:40:30,496
♪ ♪
664
00:40:30,531 --> 00:40:34,234
‐ I don't know that I ever had
the feeling
665
00:40:34,267 --> 00:40:36,870
that we couldn't pull it off.
666
00:40:36,903 --> 00:40:39,005
I knew we could pull it off.
667
00:40:39,039 --> 00:40:44,077
Maybe that was naive,
but maybe not.
668
00:40:44,110 --> 00:40:47,180
‐ To prove this, we thought
it was necessary
669
00:40:47,213 --> 00:40:50,016
to build a model.
670
00:40:50,050 --> 00:40:52,252
‐ We built the test module.
671
00:40:52,285 --> 00:40:56,056
Let's have all the Biospherian
candidates go in there.
672
00:40:56,089 --> 00:40:59,693
‐ What's going on today
is testing of the systems
673
00:40:59,726 --> 00:41:01,695
that we expect to use
in Biosphere 2.
674
00:41:01,728 --> 00:41:04,130
This will be the longest
closure with a person
675
00:41:04,164 --> 00:41:08,068
in a totally enclosed
environment where all the food,
676
00:41:08,101 --> 00:41:12,072
the water, the air, the waste
is recycled within that system.
677
00:41:12,105 --> 00:41:14,975
‐ This is my daily exercise,
as well as harvesting.
678
00:41:15,008 --> 00:41:17,077
‐ Botanist Linda Leigh
was sealed
679
00:41:17,110 --> 00:41:20,146
inside a test module
for a three‐week stay.
680
00:41:20,180 --> 00:41:25,819
‐ You open the door, you close
the airlock behind you,
681
00:41:25,852 --> 00:41:30,957
and suddenly, you understand
that you are in relationship,
682
00:41:30,991 --> 00:41:33,627
I mean, intimate
metabolic relationship,
683
00:41:33,660 --> 00:41:35,228
with everything inside there.
684
00:41:36,830 --> 00:41:39,866
‐ Everybody is anxiously
awaiting for the moment
685
00:41:39,900 --> 00:41:41,568
when you will step
through that door.
686
00:41:41,602 --> 00:41:48,542
♪ ♪
687
00:41:58,585 --> 00:42:01,287
[cheers and applause]
688
00:42:09,029 --> 00:42:15,936
♪ ♪
689
00:43:57,738 --> 00:43:59,973
‐ Preparations
for interplanetary travel
690
00:44:00,006 --> 00:44:01,407
have begun near Tucson.
691
00:44:01,441 --> 00:44:03,109
‐ As Tina Naughton tells us,
692
00:44:03,143 --> 00:44:08,014
spaceships aren't involved yet,
only determination.
693
00:44:08,048 --> 00:44:09,916
‐ These chosen eight
are about to step
694
00:44:09,950 --> 00:44:12,719
into an airtight city
called the Biosphere 2.
695
00:44:12,753 --> 00:44:15,155
The crew, chosen
from scientific experts,
696
00:44:15,188 --> 00:44:18,191
will live inside the enclosed
world for two years.
697
00:44:18,224 --> 00:44:21,427
Only video and the telephone
will link them to the outside.
698
00:44:22,028 --> 00:44:24,430
‐ They are the darlings
of the new age,
699
00:44:24,464 --> 00:44:26,366
protectors of the planet,
700
00:44:26,399 --> 00:44:29,469
pioneers blazing a trail
for outer space.
701
00:44:29,502 --> 00:44:31,371
They are Biospherians.
702
00:44:31,404 --> 00:44:33,073
‐ No one's
ever done this before.
703
00:44:33,106 --> 00:44:35,208
No one's ever built,
704
00:44:35,241 --> 00:44:38,411
or lived in, or managed
a total closed system.
705
00:44:38,444 --> 00:44:43,083
‐ It's
an ethnically diverse group,
706
00:44:43,116 --> 00:44:45,351
each chosen
for their science expertise.
707
00:44:45,385 --> 00:44:48,154
[spacey music]
708
00:44:48,188 --> 00:44:50,090
‐ It's a true
research project,
709
00:44:50,123 --> 00:44:51,892
with the eight humans
710
00:44:51,925 --> 00:44:53,493
as much a subject
of the research
711
00:44:53,527 --> 00:44:55,896
as researchers themselves.
712
00:44:57,130 --> 00:44:59,432
‐ I got a phone call.
Margaret‐‐she said,
713
00:44:59,465 --> 00:45:02,168
"What do you think about
the idea of joining the crew?"
714
00:45:03,436 --> 00:45:07,107
And I don't think
there was any pause
715
00:45:07,140 --> 00:45:09,743
between the end of her sentence
and me saying yes.
716
00:45:11,144 --> 00:45:13,747
‐ Am I gonna go stir‐crazy
over two years?
717
00:45:13,780 --> 00:45:15,916
Have I really brought in
enough sneakers,
718
00:45:15,949 --> 00:45:18,184
and toothbrushes, and books,
and videos,
719
00:45:18,218 --> 00:45:24,257
and tape cassettes to keep
my intellectual mind happy?
720
00:45:24,290 --> 00:45:28,394
I suppose emotionally, that's
gonna be the challenge.
721
00:45:28,428 --> 00:45:30,396
‐ I feel grateful to be given
the opportunity
722
00:45:30,430 --> 00:45:32,132
to carry on the work
723
00:45:32,165 --> 00:45:34,134
that we've been doing
over the last five years,
724
00:45:34,167 --> 00:45:35,836
to be part of an experiment
725
00:45:35,869 --> 00:45:38,438
that is both
scientifically challenging
726
00:45:38,471 --> 00:45:41,141
and physically
remarkably beautiful.
727
00:45:41,174 --> 00:45:45,779
‐ I was invited to come up
to the biosphere,
728
00:45:45,812 --> 00:45:47,347
and I thought, "Well,
729
00:45:47,380 --> 00:45:50,116
"this is a great,
bright group of people.
730
00:45:50,150 --> 00:45:52,052
"They're really into
what they're doing.
731
00:45:52,085 --> 00:45:53,887
"They're exciting.
They're excited.
732
00:45:53,920 --> 00:45:55,522
"They're doing cool things.
733
00:45:55,556 --> 00:45:57,524
They're wacky,
and I fit right in."
734
00:45:57,558 --> 00:46:00,026
♪ ♪
735
00:46:00,060 --> 00:46:01,828
I was always the girl
in the classroom
736
00:46:01,862 --> 00:46:04,230
who took care of the fish.
I did projects
737
00:46:04,264 --> 00:46:07,968
for all the science fairs
when I was little.
738
00:46:08,001 --> 00:46:10,937
Mostly, people,
I felt at that time,
739
00:46:10,971 --> 00:46:12,506
people didn't like me
very much.
740
00:46:14,841 --> 00:46:17,210
I was living in Tucson
in the mid‐'80s,
741
00:46:17,243 --> 00:46:21,414
and I was kind of in my "save
the world" type of headspace,
742
00:46:21,447 --> 00:46:23,249
and a friend said,
743
00:46:23,283 --> 00:46:25,351
"Linda, you can't do it
all by yourself."
744
00:46:25,986 --> 00:46:28,321
And that was‐‐
it was really a moment,
745
00:46:28,354 --> 00:46:30,190
one of those aha moments.
746
00:46:31,958 --> 00:46:34,895
When I joined the group,
it was a magnetic center.
747
00:46:34,928 --> 00:46:36,462
You know,
it just kind of pulled me in.
748
00:46:45,071 --> 00:46:47,073
We all got sent out
to different places
749
00:46:47,107 --> 00:46:53,013
around the world to collect
the plants and species.
750
00:46:53,046 --> 00:46:56,016
[ethereal music]
751
00:46:56,049 --> 00:47:00,854
♪ ♪
752
00:47:00,887 --> 00:47:03,924
To build an ecosystem
from all of the pieces
753
00:47:03,957 --> 00:47:06,593
is just a big, huge puzzle.
754
00:47:06,627 --> 00:47:13,299
♪ ♪
755
00:47:13,333 --> 00:47:15,902
‐ It was Biblical.
756
00:47:15,936 --> 00:47:18,038
It was filling Noah's Ark,
essentially.
757
00:47:18,071 --> 00:47:24,244
♪ ♪
758
00:47:24,277 --> 00:47:26,647
‐ Deciding what to include
has not been easy.
759
00:47:26,680 --> 00:47:28,348
For example...
760
00:47:28,381 --> 00:47:30,016
‐ When we made the decision
to put in something
761
00:47:30,050 --> 00:47:32,318
like a hummingbird,
762
00:47:32,352 --> 00:47:34,921
you know how many flowers
a day a hummingbird needs?
763
00:47:34,955 --> 00:47:37,991
The best we could find
was 1,400 fuchsia flowers.
764
00:47:38,024 --> 00:47:40,126
♪ ♪
765
00:47:40,160 --> 00:47:45,365
‐ An important part of this
was making a beautiful world,
766
00:47:45,398 --> 00:47:47,634
making a Garden of Eden.
767
00:47:47,668 --> 00:47:54,608
♪ ♪
768
00:47:56,409 --> 00:47:59,245
I loved being totally absorbed
in this.
769
00:47:59,279 --> 00:48:02,248
♪ ♪
770
00:48:02,282 --> 00:48:04,350
I didn't need anything more.
771
00:48:04,384 --> 00:48:11,291
♪ ♪
772
00:48:19,365 --> 00:48:22,135
‐ Ready? And action.
773
00:48:22,168 --> 00:48:25,506
‐ Hello there.
I'm Rue McClanahan,
774
00:48:25,539 --> 00:48:29,676
and I'm here in Oracle,
Arizona, at Biosphere 2,
775
00:48:29,710 --> 00:48:32,412
where one of the most
adventurous and important‐‐
776
00:48:32,445 --> 00:48:35,215
boy, this is rough terrain.
[laughs]
777
00:48:35,248 --> 00:48:36,650
‐ That was nice,
very nice, Rue.
778
00:48:36,683 --> 00:48:39,085
‐ It feels‐‐
779
00:48:39,119 --> 00:48:41,655
‐ And, action.
‐ Hello.
780
00:48:41,688 --> 00:48:43,423
I'm Rue McClanahan,
781
00:48:43,456 --> 00:48:45,191
and I'm here
in Oracle, Arizona,
782
00:48:45,225 --> 00:48:48,061
at Biosphere 2,
where one
783
00:48:48,094 --> 00:48:50,030
of the most adventurous
and important experiments
784
00:48:50,063 --> 00:48:56,737
in human existence has begun.
785
00:48:56,770 --> 00:48:58,471
Et cetera, et cetera.
786
00:48:58,505 --> 00:49:01,708
‐ Good, that was perfect, like,
that was perfect.
787
00:49:01,742 --> 00:49:06,613
[music]
788
00:49:06,647 --> 00:49:11,084
‐ People like both wonder
789
00:49:11,117 --> 00:49:14,020
and sensation.
[laughs]
790
00:49:14,054 --> 00:49:19,092
I mean, so there's an appetite
and an audience for both.
791
00:49:19,125 --> 00:49:21,327
No, I was not a publicist.
792
00:49:21,361 --> 00:49:23,096
We didn't even have
a press department.
793
00:49:24,130 --> 00:49:26,266
We had no press release.
794
00:49:26,299 --> 00:49:27,534
‐ They want to just do it down
at that spot...
795
00:49:27,568 --> 00:49:28,702
‐ Regards
to a photo opportunity.
796
00:49:28,735 --> 00:49:29,970
‐ And they've got enough time,
so let's just go and do it.
797
00:49:30,003 --> 00:49:33,006
It never entered our headthat it was going to be
798
00:49:33,039 --> 00:49:35,408
something grand
and spectacular,
799
00:49:35,441 --> 00:49:38,011
it was going to blow
everyone's socks off.
800
00:49:39,479 --> 00:49:42,683
It started to ignite
a lot of interest.
801
00:49:42,716 --> 00:49:45,385
Margaret and John decided
that they should hire
802
00:49:45,418 --> 00:49:48,321
a professional PR firm
from LA.
803
00:49:48,655 --> 00:49:51,291
‐ The locals came in.
They reported faithfully,
804
00:49:51,324 --> 00:49:53,193
and then my job was
to leapfrog up
805
00:49:53,226 --> 00:49:54,661
to the national
and international,
806
00:49:54,695 --> 00:49:56,663
the networks.
807
00:49:56,697 --> 00:49:59,666
Here we had
this marvelous structure,
808
00:49:59,700 --> 00:50:03,670
and we had to do it right.
We had to beam them up somehow.
809
00:50:03,704 --> 00:50:06,239
‐ This live news event package
will include
810
00:50:06,272 --> 00:50:08,041
worldwide press coverage.
811
00:50:08,074 --> 00:50:09,810
Biosphere 2 is an idea
812
00:50:09,843 --> 00:50:12,478
that has intrigued Hollywood
for years.
813
00:50:12,513 --> 00:50:15,549
Celebrities will walk us
through the diverse biomes.
814
00:50:15,582 --> 00:50:17,518
‐ I am a big fan of everything
815
00:50:17,551 --> 00:50:19,085
that has to do
with the environment.
816
00:50:19,119 --> 00:50:21,254
‐ They'll present profiles
of the bionauts,
817
00:50:21,287 --> 00:50:23,056
who've journeyed
the world over,
818
00:50:23,089 --> 00:50:25,726
gathering what will live
in their new environment.
819
00:50:25,759 --> 00:50:28,529
Network presidents agree,
environmental programming
820
00:50:28,562 --> 00:50:31,231
is a must for the '90s.
821
00:50:31,264 --> 00:50:34,334
‐ Definitely went viral.
It was a global curiosity.
822
00:50:34,367 --> 00:50:37,170
‐ Biosphere 2.
‐ Biosphere 2.
823
00:50:37,203 --> 00:50:39,706
‐ Biosphere 2.
‐ Biosphere 2.
824
00:50:39,740 --> 00:50:42,308
‐ Biosphere 2.
‐ Biosphere 2.
825
00:50:42,342 --> 00:50:44,444
‐ Biosphera dos.
‐ Biosphere 2.
826
00:50:44,477 --> 00:50:46,246
‐ What an exciting assignment.
827
00:50:46,279 --> 00:50:48,214
‐ I'm telling you,
it was so incredible,
828
00:50:48,248 --> 00:50:51,184
and I just came back
from an ocean, a desert,
829
00:50:51,217 --> 00:50:54,521
a marsh,
a tropic zone, a savanna.
830
00:50:54,555 --> 00:50:56,356
‐ Ladies and gentlemen,
here is the president and CEO
831
00:50:56,389 --> 00:50:58,358
of Space Biosphere Ventures
832
00:50:58,391 --> 00:51:00,627
and five
of the eight Biospherians.
833
00:51:00,661 --> 00:51:01,795
Welcome them, please.
834
00:51:01,828 --> 00:51:03,396
Okay, have you got the picture?
835
00:51:03,429 --> 00:51:05,465
Is this something?
I'm telling you.
836
00:51:05,498 --> 00:51:08,134
‐ People wanted
to be enchanted.
837
00:51:08,168 --> 00:51:10,804
The notion
of eight human beings
838
00:51:10,837 --> 00:51:15,709
being separated from life,
from the availability of food.
839
00:51:15,742 --> 00:51:18,211
And I think it tapped
into something in people.
840
00:51:18,244 --> 00:51:20,547
♪ ♪
841
00:51:20,581 --> 00:51:24,518
‐ I had trepidation
that the media attention
842
00:51:24,551 --> 00:51:27,854
was too much, too soon,
843
00:51:27,888 --> 00:51:31,692
that we weren't
quite ready for that.
844
00:51:31,725 --> 00:51:34,327
‐ No air, water,
or other materials
845
00:51:34,360 --> 00:51:36,262
will pass
the airtight glass boundaries
846
00:51:36,296 --> 00:51:37,531
that enclose them.
847
00:51:37,564 --> 00:51:40,567
‐ But you get no new air
at all from the outside.
848
00:51:40,601 --> 00:51:42,836
‐ That's right. What we put in
when we enter in March
849
00:51:42,869 --> 00:51:44,705
is what we will have
in 100 years.
850
00:51:44,738 --> 00:51:46,339
‐ You don't cheat,
and take any air
851
00:51:46,372 --> 00:51:48,308
from the outside environment
into the Biosphere
852
00:51:48,341 --> 00:51:49,776
for the entire
two‐year experiment.
853
00:51:49,810 --> 00:51:51,612
‐ There won't be any cheating
for 100 years,
854
00:51:51,645 --> 00:51:55,381
not just the two years,
for the 100 years.
855
00:51:55,415 --> 00:51:58,619
‐ We were making it up
as we went.
856
00:51:58,652 --> 00:52:03,489
This was a group
that was sort of avant‐garde.
857
00:52:03,524 --> 00:52:09,395
‐ Today we're showing
my designs on two models.
858
00:52:09,429 --> 00:52:13,499
It'll work well for television
against the foliage,
859
00:52:13,534 --> 00:52:16,937
the rain forest,
the desert with the beige tone.
860
00:52:16,970 --> 00:52:19,405
That's why I believe
in clear red.
861
00:52:19,439 --> 00:52:22,375
[methodical waltz music]
862
00:52:22,408 --> 00:52:29,349
♪ ♪
863
00:52:31,451 --> 00:52:34,187
‐ Two of the Biospherians
are outside Biosphere 2
864
00:52:34,220 --> 00:52:35,889
this morning
in Oracle, Arizona.
865
00:52:35,922 --> 00:52:38,525
They are botanist Linda Leigh,
and the team's only physician,
866
00:52:38,559 --> 00:52:40,527
Dr. Roy Walford.
Good morning to both of you,
867
00:52:40,561 --> 00:52:43,296
and what in the heck
are you wearing?
868
00:52:43,329 --> 00:52:46,299
‐ Good morning.
Well, these are our suits,
869
00:52:46,332 --> 00:52:48,368
and uniforms that we wear
870
00:52:48,401 --> 00:52:49,402
on state occasions
like this one.
871
00:52:49,435 --> 00:52:51,605
‐ Oh, I see.You look like something
872
00:52:51,638 --> 00:52:53,306
out of "Star Trek" to me.
873
00:52:53,339 --> 00:52:55,509
‐ Along with the debate
over whether this is science,
874
00:52:55,542 --> 00:52:58,478
or what critics call
ecological entertainment,
875
00:52:58,512 --> 00:53:00,480
there are some
darker questions.
876
00:53:00,514 --> 00:53:02,583
The idea for the Biosphere
was not born
877
00:53:02,616 --> 00:53:05,952
among a group of scientists.
It was born on a commune.
878
00:53:05,986 --> 00:53:07,788
In fact, some of those
who lived there
879
00:53:07,821 --> 00:53:10,256
say it had
the trappings of a cult.
880
00:53:10,290 --> 00:53:12,492
The questions center
around John Allen,
881
00:53:12,526 --> 00:53:14,327
the man considered
the driving force
882
00:53:14,360 --> 00:53:15,962
behind Biosphere 2.
883
00:53:15,996 --> 00:53:18,832
Three former residents
have told ABC News
884
00:53:18,865 --> 00:53:21,802
that Allen preached a blend
of ecology and doom.
885
00:53:21,835 --> 00:53:24,505
‐ There are accounts of how
the commune members took part
886
00:53:24,538 --> 00:53:27,473
in strange costumed rituals.
887
00:53:27,508 --> 00:53:29,776
A Biosphere 2 employee
told NBC News
888
00:53:29,810 --> 00:53:31,645
the people
running the project
889
00:53:31,678 --> 00:53:33,980
are an odd group
of individuals.
890
00:53:34,014 --> 00:53:36,883
He insisted on having
his identity protected.
891
00:53:36,917 --> 00:53:42,923
‐ They don't really strike me
as scientists,
892
00:53:42,956 --> 00:53:45,859
more like a group of people
thrown together
893
00:53:45,892 --> 00:53:47,894
and given a role to play.
894
00:53:47,928 --> 00:53:50,430
‐ The appetite
for sensationalism
895
00:53:50,463 --> 00:53:52,332
sells papers.
896
00:53:52,365 --> 00:53:56,502
Describing complex projects
doesn't sell papers.
897
00:53:56,537 --> 00:53:58,639
‐ Did you feel attacked?
‐ Well, I was attacked,
898
00:53:58,672 --> 00:54:01,975
but I didn't feel that I was.
[laughs]
899
00:54:02,008 --> 00:54:03,977
Here is your brainwashing
cult leader.
900
00:54:04,010 --> 00:54:05,612
[laughs]
901
00:54:05,646 --> 00:54:07,748
♪ ♪
902
00:54:07,781 --> 00:54:09,850
‐ I'm sure John felt
a huge amount of discomfort
903
00:54:09,883 --> 00:54:12,485
at having his accustomed role
904
00:54:12,519 --> 00:54:15,455
as director
of the drama threatened.
905
00:54:15,488 --> 00:54:18,358
‐ Right, grab that...
906
00:54:18,391 --> 00:54:23,630
‐ Frankly, I don't know
any human organization
907
00:54:23,664 --> 00:54:25,566
that does
an innovative startup
908
00:54:25,599 --> 00:54:28,501
that doesn't have
cult‐like aspects,
909
00:54:28,535 --> 00:54:30,904
especially
in the corporate sector.
910
00:54:30,937 --> 00:54:35,041
We are hardwired
to create cults
911
00:54:35,075 --> 00:54:37,878
in the innovative phase
of an organization.
912
00:54:43,016 --> 00:54:44,450
‐ Quick, the press is waiting!
913
00:54:44,484 --> 00:54:46,386
‐ [indistinct]
a new world and future.
914
00:54:46,419 --> 00:54:49,455
‐ From here to Mars!
‐ How exciting.
915
00:54:49,489 --> 00:54:51,825
‐ Smooth sailing.
‐ Younger every day.
916
00:54:51,858 --> 00:54:54,928
[laughter]
917
00:54:55,829 --> 00:54:58,464
‐ Before we went in,
we wrote a play
918
00:54:58,498 --> 00:55:00,100
called "The Wrong Stuff."
919
00:55:00,133 --> 00:55:02,703
‐ You must notify me at least
24 hours in advance
920
00:55:02,736 --> 00:55:05,772
of any water going either
into or out of the system.
921
00:55:06,507 --> 00:55:09,042
‐ Our play was everything
that could go wrong
922
00:55:09,075 --> 00:55:11,044
in the Biosphere went wrong,
923
00:55:11,745 --> 00:55:14,447
thinking that, okay,
if we did it on stage,
924
00:55:14,480 --> 00:55:16,983
then we don't have to do it
in the Biosphere.
925
00:55:17,017 --> 00:55:19,419
‐ [all chanting]
Flush one through the system.
926
00:55:19,452 --> 00:55:22,022
Flush one through the system.
927
00:55:22,055 --> 00:55:23,924
‐ Lunch.
928
00:55:23,957 --> 00:55:26,126
‐ French fries.
929
00:55:26,159 --> 00:55:28,529
[laughter]
930
00:55:28,562 --> 00:55:29,830
‐ ♪ We got the wrong stuff ♪
931
00:55:29,863 --> 00:55:32,666
♪ We got the wrong stuff,
we got the ♪
932
00:55:32,699 --> 00:55:35,068
♪ Got the wrong, wrong stuff ♪
933
00:55:35,101 --> 00:55:37,571
♪ And we're wrong ♪
‐ ♪ We're wrong ♪
934
00:55:37,604 --> 00:55:39,806
‐ ♪ We're wrong ♪
‐ ♪ We're wrong ♪
935
00:55:39,840 --> 00:55:41,842
‐ We're wrong.
‐ Yeah, we're wrong!
936
00:55:41,875 --> 00:55:44,845
[ominous music]
937
00:55:44,878 --> 00:55:51,818
♪ ♪
938
00:56:37,130 --> 00:56:39,966
‐ How can you prepare yourself
for something
939
00:56:40,000 --> 00:56:42,803
that you don't
even know what it is?
940
00:56:42,836 --> 00:56:44,838
That's what an expedition is.
941
00:56:44,871 --> 00:56:47,641
It's a journey
into the unknown.
942
00:56:47,674 --> 00:56:49,810
‐ We can be a threat
to our biosphere,
943
00:56:49,843 --> 00:56:54,447
play a destructive role,
or we can be stewards,
944
00:56:54,480 --> 00:56:56,182
contributing
to the reciprocal maintenance
945
00:56:56,216 --> 00:56:58,151
of natural ecological
processes.
946
00:56:58,184 --> 00:57:00,654
♪ ♪
947
00:57:00,687 --> 00:57:03,624
[cheers and applause]
948
00:57:03,657 --> 00:57:10,597
♪ ♪
949
00:57:19,806 --> 00:57:21,908
‐ Push, push, push, push.
950
00:57:21,942 --> 00:57:23,777
‐ Let me‐‐let me
close it, please.
951
00:57:23,810 --> 00:57:25,145
Be careful with it.
Okay, please?
952
00:57:25,178 --> 00:57:26,046
Yeah, I need to close it.
[indistinct]
953
00:57:26,079 --> 00:57:27,147
‐ Okay.
954
00:57:27,180 --> 00:57:28,649
‐ [indistinct]
Okay.
955
00:57:28,682 --> 00:57:30,016
‐ Let her do it.
Let her do it.
956
00:57:30,050 --> 00:57:31,885
Let her do it.
957
00:57:31,918 --> 00:57:33,486
Okay.
‐ She do it?
958
00:57:33,520 --> 00:57:35,055
‐ Here.
Get back.
959
00:57:35,088 --> 00:57:36,857
‐ [laughs]
960
00:57:36,890 --> 00:57:39,793
[cheers and applause]
961
00:57:52,639 --> 00:57:54,741
[gentle music]
962
00:57:54,775 --> 00:57:57,944
‐ It was such a relief when
the cameras were finally off.
963
00:57:57,978 --> 00:58:04,150
♪ ♪
964
00:58:04,184 --> 00:58:05,719
‐ I went into
the wilderness area,
965
00:58:05,752 --> 00:58:07,854
which was the area
that I was managing.
966
00:58:07,888 --> 00:58:10,791
♪ ♪
967
00:58:10,824 --> 00:58:13,293
And I rained,
I turned the rain on.
968
00:58:13,326 --> 00:58:20,266
♪ ♪
969
00:58:25,739 --> 00:58:28,308
It was just to wash
all the air, thinking,
970
00:58:28,341 --> 00:58:30,844
"Okay, let's just wash
all this other stuff
971
00:58:30,877 --> 00:58:32,646
out of here and begin anew."
972
00:58:32,679 --> 00:58:39,620
♪ ♪
973
00:58:51,364 --> 00:58:55,736
‐ The reality that it was just
the eight of us
974
00:58:55,769 --> 00:58:59,139
in this amazing new world
975
00:58:59,172 --> 00:59:00,907
started to hit.
976
00:59:00,941 --> 00:59:06,613
♪ ♪
977
00:59:06,647 --> 00:59:09,149
You can think and think
and think and think about,
978
00:59:09,182 --> 00:59:11,852
"Oh, I'm going away
for two years,"
979
00:59:11,885 --> 00:59:15,622
but suddenly,
wow, we're here.
980
00:59:15,656 --> 00:59:22,295
♪ ♪
981
00:59:22,328 --> 00:59:24,130
You know, we were pioneers.
982
00:59:24,164 --> 00:59:27,968
We were
the first Biospherians.
983
00:59:28,001 --> 00:59:31,137
There was also this pride.
984
00:59:31,171 --> 00:59:33,907
Hey, you've given us
a new world to, you know,
985
00:59:33,940 --> 00:59:35,609
figure out how to live in,
986
00:59:35,642 --> 00:59:37,243
and we're gonna grow up
with this thing.
987
00:59:37,277 --> 00:59:39,012
We're gonna take care of it.
988
00:59:39,045 --> 00:59:41,815
["This Must Be The Place"
by Talking Heads playing]
989
00:59:41,848 --> 00:59:48,789
♪ ♪
990
00:59:52,092 --> 00:59:55,929
‐ ♪ Home is where
I want to be ♪
991
00:59:55,962 --> 00:59:59,733
♪ Pick me up
and turn me round ♪
992
00:59:59,766 --> 01:00:02,368
‐ Sally Silverstone‐‐
she used to joke,
993
01:00:02,402 --> 01:00:05,171
"I managed a mental hospital
in India.
994
01:00:05,205 --> 01:00:07,741
"You know, that's nothing
compared to managing
995
01:00:07,774 --> 01:00:10,010
eight Biospherians."
996
01:00:10,043 --> 01:00:12,946
‐ I was a huge space nut
when I was a kid.
997
01:00:12,979 --> 01:00:16,049
I loved the idea
of colonizing other planets.
998
01:00:16,082 --> 01:00:18,084
I loved science fiction movies
999
01:00:18,118 --> 01:00:20,386
where people were all living
under glass domes,
1000
01:00:20,420 --> 01:00:23,056
and, you know,
growing their own food.
1001
01:00:23,089 --> 01:00:26,426
I was really interested to see
if we were going to be able
1002
01:00:26,459 --> 01:00:30,997
to feed ourselves off
this tiny piece of land.
1003
01:00:31,031 --> 01:00:34,735
‐ Taber MacCallum,
the wunderkind of Biosphere 2.
1004
01:00:35,401 --> 01:00:39,305
‐ Taber is a genius, so he
brought that to the table,
1005
01:00:39,339 --> 01:00:43,109
but he also really knew a lot
about closed systems
1006
01:00:43,143 --> 01:00:45,145
from his experience in diving,
1007
01:00:45,178 --> 01:00:47,280
so he did a lot
of the work involved
1008
01:00:47,313 --> 01:00:50,283
with testing of the atmosphere
and soils.
1009
01:00:50,316 --> 01:00:53,720
♪ ♪
1010
01:00:53,754 --> 01:00:57,023
‐ Jane Pointer, our field
manager of the agriculture.
1011
01:00:57,057 --> 01:00:59,960
‐ Jane was wonderful
with the animal systems.
1012
01:00:59,993 --> 01:01:02,963
She took care of our chickens
and our goats,
1013
01:01:02,996 --> 01:01:04,397
our wonderful goats.
1014
01:01:04,430 --> 01:01:09,402
♪ ♪
1015
01:01:09,435 --> 01:01:11,705
‐ Taber and Jane,
1016
01:01:11,738 --> 01:01:15,075
and Gay, Laser‐‐
they were couples,
1017
01:01:15,108 --> 01:01:18,144
you know, before they came in.
1018
01:01:18,178 --> 01:01:22,415
Laser, he appears,
and he can fix anything.
1019
01:01:22,448 --> 01:01:29,222
‐ So he knew that thing
like the back of his hand.
1020
01:01:29,255 --> 01:01:31,892
‐ Gay Alling,
the marine biologist.
1021
01:01:31,925 --> 01:01:35,261
‐ She had put
this little ocean together
1022
01:01:35,295 --> 01:01:36,963
against all odds.
1023
01:01:36,997 --> 01:01:40,433
♪ ♪
1024
01:01:40,466 --> 01:01:43,236
‐ Roy Walford was
our medical officer.
1025
01:01:43,269 --> 01:01:45,506
He was a great scientist,
1026
01:01:45,539 --> 01:01:50,844
looking at the effect of diet
on the aging process.
1027
01:01:50,877 --> 01:01:53,914
‐ Each week, Dr. Roy Walford
swims two miles
1028
01:01:53,947 --> 01:01:55,749
and then runs another ten.
1029
01:01:55,782 --> 01:01:58,952
You probably wouldn't guess
he was 60 years old.
1030
01:01:58,985 --> 01:02:01,221
What's more,
Dr. Walford says at that age,
1031
01:02:01,254 --> 01:02:03,757
his life is only
about half over.
1032
01:02:03,790 --> 01:02:06,092
120 years, he says,
1033
01:02:06,126 --> 01:02:08,394
is his life expectancy,
maybe more.
1034
01:02:08,428 --> 01:02:12,098
‐ Roy was your archetypal
mad scientist‐
1035
01:02:12,132 --> 01:02:16,369
cum‐avant‐garde theater person
and explorer,
1036
01:02:16,402 --> 01:02:18,505
rolled up into one.
1037
01:02:18,539 --> 01:02:21,241
‐ ♪ Nothing ♪
1038
01:02:21,274 --> 01:02:23,143
♪ ♪
1039
01:02:23,176 --> 01:02:25,378
‐ We were all working together
1040
01:02:25,411 --> 01:02:27,548
because we all had
this common goal,
1041
01:02:27,581 --> 01:02:31,217
and it was something
we all really believed in.
1042
01:02:31,251 --> 01:02:33,520
♪ ♪
1043
01:02:33,554 --> 01:02:36,489
[somber orchestral music]
1044
01:02:36,523 --> 01:02:43,429
♪ ♪
1045
01:02:46,332 --> 01:02:49,035
‐ My absolute joy
inside Biosphere 2
1046
01:02:49,069 --> 01:02:53,574
was to get up really,
really early in the morning,
1047
01:02:53,607 --> 01:02:57,343
to just go out onto
the little balcony overlooked
1048
01:02:57,377 --> 01:02:59,445
our agricultural system.
1049
01:02:59,479 --> 01:03:01,081
Very early in the morning,
1050
01:03:01,114 --> 01:03:03,316
I'd make myself
a cup of mint tea
1051
01:03:03,349 --> 01:03:06,386
and just watch the sun
come up over the Biosphere.
1052
01:03:06,419 --> 01:03:08,589
It was absolutely phenomenal.
1053
01:03:08,622 --> 01:03:12,559
♪ ♪
1054
01:03:12,593 --> 01:03:15,562
[chimes ringing]
1055
01:03:15,596 --> 01:03:18,198
♪ ♪
1056
01:03:19,465 --> 01:03:23,403
[indistinct speech]
1057
01:03:23,436 --> 01:03:25,371
‐ [laughs]
1058
01:04:06,112 --> 01:04:09,049
[light music]
1059
01:04:09,082 --> 01:04:16,289
♪ ♪
1060
01:04:17,223 --> 01:04:19,059
‐ We have to take care
of our Biosphere,
1061
01:04:19,092 --> 01:04:20,594
because it's gonna
take care of us.
1062
01:04:20,627 --> 01:04:26,299
♪ ♪
1063
01:04:26,332 --> 01:04:30,003
Everything was being recycled.
Everything was being replaced.
1064
01:04:30,036 --> 01:04:33,473
The nutrients were all being
put back into the same system.
1065
01:04:33,507 --> 01:04:39,212
♪ ♪
1066
01:04:39,245 --> 01:04:41,615
‐ Everyone was super aware
that Biosphere 2
1067
01:04:41,648 --> 01:04:46,019
was literally our lifeboat.
1068
01:04:46,052 --> 01:04:49,155
We had to manage carefully
the cycles
1069
01:04:49,189 --> 01:04:51,625
of carbon dioxide and oxygen,
1070
01:04:51,658 --> 01:04:54,427
because our greatest fear
was that CO2
1071
01:04:54,460 --> 01:04:56,162
was going to get so high
1072
01:04:56,196 --> 01:04:58,298
that we'd be driven
out of the biosphere.
1073
01:04:58,331 --> 01:05:01,267
♪ ♪
1074
01:05:01,301 --> 01:05:03,403
‐ I loved seeing
1075
01:05:03,436 --> 01:05:07,273
the consequences
of my actions right away.
1076
01:05:07,307 --> 01:05:10,711
If I picked a sweet potato
out of the soil,
1077
01:05:10,744 --> 01:05:14,314
there would be
a poof of carbon dioxide.
1078
01:05:14,347 --> 01:05:16,683
We could kind of get
a good feeling
1079
01:05:16,717 --> 01:05:20,020
for what our impact was
on the atmosphere.
1080
01:05:20,053 --> 01:05:22,388
‐ I have
a personal relationship
1081
01:05:22,422 --> 01:05:26,560
with every single plant
in the rain forest,
1082
01:05:26,593 --> 01:05:32,298
in the savanna, in the desert,
either having touched it
1083
01:05:32,332 --> 01:05:39,105
because I collected it,
or grew it, or accessioned it,
1084
01:05:39,139 --> 01:05:43,610
or photographed it,
planted it, propagated it.
1085
01:05:43,644 --> 01:05:47,714
I have connections with the
whole world of life in here.
1086
01:05:47,748 --> 01:05:50,551
[warm brass music]
1087
01:05:50,584 --> 01:05:53,219
♪ ♪
1088
01:05:53,253 --> 01:05:56,623
‐ Roy was filming continually.
1089
01:05:56,657 --> 01:06:03,597
♪ ♪
1090
01:06:06,299 --> 01:06:09,069
Roy's filming of life
1091
01:06:09,102 --> 01:06:13,373
inside Biosphere 2
is tremendously valuable data.
1092
01:06:13,406 --> 01:06:16,476
‐ We were learning
the most phenomenal amount
1093
01:06:16,510 --> 01:06:18,645
from that system.
1094
01:06:18,679 --> 01:06:23,016
‐ We actually had 64 separate
research projects going on.
1095
01:06:23,049 --> 01:06:26,286
There were over 1,000 sensors,
1096
01:06:26,319 --> 01:06:30,557
tons and tons of data.
1097
01:06:30,591 --> 01:06:34,661
We were monitoring critical
vectors like trace gases
1098
01:06:34,695 --> 01:06:37,497
and what was happening
with the atmosphere.
1099
01:06:37,531 --> 01:06:40,033
Everything accelerated.
1100
01:06:40,066 --> 01:06:41,768
The cycles were literally
1101
01:06:41,802 --> 01:06:45,639
thousands of times faster
in Biosphere 2.
1102
01:06:45,672 --> 01:06:48,474
‐ I'm making measurements
in the analytical lab
1103
01:06:48,509 --> 01:06:50,110
so that we can
better understand
1104
01:06:50,143 --> 01:06:52,412
the biogeochemical cycles
1105
01:06:52,445 --> 01:06:54,480
that are occurring
in Biosphere 2.
1106
01:06:54,515 --> 01:06:57,417
‐ With the conventional
scientific thinking,
1107
01:06:57,450 --> 01:07:00,353
you had hypotheses,
1108
01:07:00,386 --> 01:07:03,289
but we did
a lot of what we did
1109
01:07:03,323 --> 01:07:07,360
based on more of a different
way of doing science.
1110
01:07:07,393 --> 01:07:12,666
The idea was, here's all this
stuff, and what's gonna happen?
1111
01:07:14,701 --> 01:07:19,205
‐ The planet urgently needs
to study biospheres.
1112
01:07:19,239 --> 01:07:23,409
This is the first laboratory.
1113
01:07:23,443 --> 01:07:25,679
If we can transplant
a coral reef
1114
01:07:25,712 --> 01:07:29,182
and keep it healthy,
1115
01:07:29,215 --> 01:07:31,852
if we can run a farm
and not pollute the atmosphere
1116
01:07:31,885 --> 01:07:36,523
and the water,
recycle all the nutrients,
1117
01:07:36,557 --> 01:07:39,125
there are huge lessons
to be learned here.
1118
01:07:39,159 --> 01:07:43,797
‐ Okay, I'd like to welcome
everybody to Biosphere 2.
1119
01:07:43,830 --> 01:07:45,231
‐ Come on in.
‐ Thank you.
1120
01:07:45,265 --> 01:07:47,534
‐ All right, thank you.
1121
01:07:47,568 --> 01:07:51,137
‐ That is Mark Nelson.
1122
01:07:51,171 --> 01:07:52,873
Mark Nelson.
1123
01:07:52,906 --> 01:07:55,175
He's the
communication officer inside.
1124
01:07:55,208 --> 01:07:56,877
[upbeat music]
1125
01:07:56,910 --> 01:07:59,846
‐ People started showing up,
wanting to see everything,
1126
01:07:59,880 --> 01:08:01,682
and they wanted tours.
1127
01:08:01,715 --> 01:08:03,850
They'd heard
about this amazing place.
1128
01:08:03,884 --> 01:08:06,119
So we set up a visitor center.
1129
01:08:06,152 --> 01:08:10,857
We were hoping that that would
pay for a great deal of it,
1130
01:08:10,891 --> 01:08:12,593
which it didn't.
1131
01:08:12,626 --> 01:08:15,228
♪ ♪
1132
01:08:15,261 --> 01:08:17,497
‐ Where do we get the T‐shirts?
1133
01:08:17,531 --> 01:08:19,633
‐ What we're upset is that
1134
01:08:19,666 --> 01:08:21,535
there's no multiculturalism
inside.
1135
01:08:21,568 --> 01:08:23,570
‐ I would like to know‐‐
I would like to know
1136
01:08:23,604 --> 01:08:25,672
what a young black woman
from Brooklyn
1137
01:08:25,706 --> 01:08:28,642
would do in a biosphere, huh?
1138
01:08:28,675 --> 01:08:30,677
‐ Nothing can get in,
and nothing can get out.
1139
01:08:30,711 --> 01:08:33,880
I'm wondering‐‐I'm wondering
how long they can last in there
1140
01:08:33,914 --> 01:08:35,582
without getting sick
or something.
1141
01:08:35,616 --> 01:08:37,584
‐ Emily, you think
you're gonna live in a place
1142
01:08:37,618 --> 01:08:39,686
like that someday?
Yeah?
1143
01:08:39,720 --> 01:08:42,488
‐ This is an excellent model
for the future,
1144
01:08:42,523 --> 01:08:44,558
but it won't work.
People are too mean.
1145
01:08:44,591 --> 01:08:48,929
People are too abusive, yeah.
People abuse our world.
1146
01:08:48,962 --> 01:08:50,931
Our world's
going down the tubes.
1147
01:08:50,964 --> 01:08:53,366
‐ The Biosphere dazzles
the eye.
1148
01:08:53,399 --> 01:08:54,835
There is no dispute
about that.
1149
01:08:54,868 --> 01:08:56,803
But is it science?
1150
01:08:56,837 --> 01:08:59,139
‐ It is a great adventure.
1151
01:08:59,640 --> 01:09:01,808
And as adventure,
you know, fine.
1152
01:09:01,842 --> 01:09:03,710
That's not science.
1153
01:09:03,744 --> 01:09:06,379
‐ University of Texas
ecologist Bassett McGuire
1154
01:09:06,412 --> 01:09:07,848
and other scientists say
1155
01:09:07,881 --> 01:09:10,450
no matter what happens
inside the Biosphere,
1156
01:09:10,483 --> 01:09:13,386
nothing will be proved,
because the showy experiment
1157
01:09:13,419 --> 01:09:16,256
cannot be duplicated
to double‐check results,
1158
01:09:16,289 --> 01:09:19,626
and they say the project
combines too many unknowns.
1159
01:09:19,660 --> 01:09:21,628
‐ So, if this isn't science,
what is it?
1160
01:09:22,295 --> 01:09:25,231
‐ Well, I like to describe
Biosphere 2
1161
01:09:25,265 --> 01:09:26,967
as trendy
ecological entertainment.
1162
01:09:27,000 --> 01:09:33,940
♪ ♪
1163
01:09:42,983 --> 01:09:44,618
‐ We were having
1164
01:09:44,651 --> 01:09:47,420
such a wonderful time
in there,
1165
01:09:47,453 --> 01:09:51,558
and then this really
shocking thing happened.
1166
01:09:51,592 --> 01:09:55,829
Jane Pointer put her hand
into a grain threshing machine
1167
01:09:55,862 --> 01:09:59,866
without turning it off.
1168
01:09:59,900 --> 01:10:02,903
I actually remember unpacking
the threshing machine
1169
01:10:02,936 --> 01:10:04,738
and finding
the tip of her finger.
1170
01:10:04,771 --> 01:10:08,341
[string music]
1171
01:10:08,374 --> 01:10:09,743
‐ There was debate
whether it would be
1172
01:10:09,776 --> 01:10:14,280
a breach of protocol
for her to leave.
1173
01:10:14,314 --> 01:10:16,917
‐ Go out and see
a hand surgeon...
1174
01:10:16,950 --> 01:10:18,952
‐ You mean I'd have to go out?
1175
01:10:18,985 --> 01:10:21,454
‐ [indistinct]
1176
01:10:21,487 --> 01:10:23,724
‐ We decided, okay,
1177
01:10:23,757 --> 01:10:26,459
if Jane eats nothing
outside...
1178
01:10:26,492 --> 01:10:29,329
♪ ♪
1179
01:10:29,362 --> 01:10:32,265
Goes to the hospital
in the ambulance with me,
1180
01:10:32,298 --> 01:10:33,634
I'm there the whole time
1181
01:10:33,667 --> 01:10:37,003
to make sure
nothing non‐kosher happens,
1182
01:10:37,037 --> 01:10:39,740
and then we bring her back
through the airlock.
1183
01:10:39,773 --> 01:10:43,343
[cheers and applause]
1184
01:10:43,376 --> 01:10:45,579
‐ Bye again!
1185
01:10:45,612 --> 01:10:47,013
‐ Bye again.
1186
01:10:47,047 --> 01:10:50,984
‐ And we thought
it would be just a blip.
1187
01:10:51,017 --> 01:10:53,554
♪ ♪
1188
01:10:53,587 --> 01:10:56,289
‐ Biospherian Jane Pointer had
to emerge briefly
1189
01:10:56,322 --> 01:10:58,625
for surgery on a finger.
1190
01:10:58,659 --> 01:11:00,894
It was later learned
that she carried a duffel bag
1191
01:11:00,927 --> 01:11:03,530
full of supplies
back in with her.
1192
01:11:03,564 --> 01:11:05,532
‐ I put some of the stuff
in the bag.
1193
01:11:07,634 --> 01:11:10,070
You know, what could one say?
What are you doing?
1194
01:11:10,103 --> 01:11:11,437
Bringing stuff
in the Biosphere?
1195
01:11:11,471 --> 01:11:13,473
Bad news.
1196
01:11:13,507 --> 01:11:16,009
‐ And she came back
with two duffel bags.
1197
01:11:16,042 --> 01:11:19,880
Computer parts,
maybe an extra T‐shirt.
1198
01:11:19,913 --> 01:11:24,484
♪ ♪
1199
01:11:24,518 --> 01:11:26,052
It's a really
interesting thing
1200
01:11:26,086 --> 01:11:27,754
to see how the media
1201
01:11:27,788 --> 01:11:31,925
suddenly made Biosphere 2
into a game show
1202
01:11:31,958 --> 01:11:34,561
where the only question was,
1203
01:11:34,595 --> 01:11:36,730
will eight people stay in there
for two years,
1204
01:11:36,763 --> 01:11:38,765
and will everything
work perfectly?
1205
01:11:38,799 --> 01:11:40,901
‐ Directors
of the Biosphere 2 project
1206
01:11:40,934 --> 01:11:42,468
are defending themselves
1207
01:11:42,502 --> 01:11:44,771
against charges
of public deception.
1208
01:11:44,805 --> 01:11:46,640
‐ In the forefront now
is the question
1209
01:11:46,673 --> 01:11:47,941
of whether living
1210
01:11:47,974 --> 01:11:50,677
in this earthbound
enclosed environment
1211
01:11:50,711 --> 01:11:53,647
is possible without
a lot of help from the outside.
1212
01:11:53,680 --> 01:11:55,616
♪ ♪
1213
01:11:55,649 --> 01:12:00,854
‐ Once the negativity started,
John was very upset and hurt.
1214
01:12:02,523 --> 01:12:04,558
‐ Don't show that,
or I'm gonna do something.
1215
01:12:05,892 --> 01:12:07,928
‐ There was a lot of paranoia.
1216
01:12:07,961 --> 01:12:11,732
Margaret and John wanted
to control the situation.
1217
01:12:11,765 --> 01:12:13,466
I told Margaret,
1218
01:12:13,499 --> 01:12:18,138
"Disclose everything
and we'll be all right,"
1219
01:12:18,171 --> 01:12:21,942
but Margaret did not agree
with this point of view.
1220
01:12:21,975 --> 01:12:23,710
‐ Margaret,
I'd like to ask you something,
1221
01:12:23,744 --> 01:12:26,713
because from the tone of it,
I'm a little surprised.
1222
01:12:26,747 --> 01:12:28,582
You're making it sound
as though
1223
01:12:28,615 --> 01:12:31,952
this is
part of normal procedure.
1224
01:12:31,985 --> 01:12:35,922
‐ Margaret and John started
to become more secretive,
1225
01:12:35,956 --> 01:12:38,825
and this only reinforced
1226
01:12:38,859 --> 01:12:41,595
the idea that there
was something to hide.
1227
01:12:41,628 --> 01:12:47,000
♪ ♪
1228
01:13:10,691 --> 01:13:12,926
‐ I tell you what was
really stressful is,
1229
01:13:12,959 --> 01:13:14,761
when Jane got back in,
1230
01:13:14,795 --> 01:13:18,599
she was pretty much
incapacitated.
1231
01:13:18,632 --> 01:13:20,767
We had to take up
her farming work.
1232
01:13:20,801 --> 01:13:23,670
[serene music]
1233
01:13:23,704 --> 01:13:25,606
And I do remember, you know,
1234
01:13:25,639 --> 01:13:30,043
Roy, pretty early on, saying
that he resented
1235
01:13:30,076 --> 01:13:33,714
that he didn't have
as much time to do research
1236
01:13:33,747 --> 01:13:36,650
because he was taking part
in farming chores.
1237
01:13:36,683 --> 01:13:41,221
♪ ♪
1238
01:13:41,254 --> 01:13:43,924
People are people,
and, you know,
1239
01:13:43,957 --> 01:13:46,960
squabbling,
and personality conflicts.
1240
01:13:46,993 --> 01:13:48,895
‐ Oh, for heaven's sake.
‐ Eek!
1241
01:13:48,929 --> 01:13:52,465
[indistinct]
I dropped my shears.
1242
01:13:52,498 --> 01:13:54,167
‐ Don't get so excited
you fall, Jane.
1243
01:13:54,200 --> 01:13:56,803
It's not worth it
for a cockroach.
1244
01:14:00,206 --> 01:14:01,141
‐ What?
1245
01:14:03,810 --> 01:14:05,679
‐ Nobody knew what
it would be like
1246
01:14:05,712 --> 01:14:08,715
to live with seven people
for two years.
1247
01:14:08,749 --> 01:14:13,219
♪ ♪
1248
01:14:13,253 --> 01:14:17,791
‐ Nothing improved morale
like a really good meal.
1249
01:14:17,824 --> 01:14:25,031
♪ ♪
1250
01:14:25,732 --> 01:14:28,769
We had no artificial sugar
at all inside Biosphere 2,
1251
01:14:28,802 --> 01:14:31,538
so all of our birthday cakes
were banana‐flavored.
1252
01:14:31,572 --> 01:14:33,740
♪ ♪
1253
01:14:33,774 --> 01:14:36,843
I was really proud
of my birthday cakes,
1254
01:14:36,877 --> 01:14:40,547
because it was extremely
difficult to make a cake
1255
01:14:40,581 --> 01:14:46,820
with no butter, a few eggs,
hardly any oil, and no sugar.
1256
01:14:46,853 --> 01:14:48,789
♪ ♪
1257
01:14:48,822 --> 01:14:52,158
I knew that cake was
gonna disappear in seconds.
1258
01:14:52,192 --> 01:14:55,261
♪ ♪
1259
01:14:55,295 --> 01:14:58,865
Banana was the best candidate
to try and make wine.
1260
01:14:58,899 --> 01:15:04,037
I think the banana wine might
have been good eventually,
1261
01:15:04,070 --> 01:15:06,873
but it never lived that long.
1262
01:15:06,907 --> 01:15:08,975
The minute it had
alcoholic content,
1263
01:15:09,009 --> 01:15:09,976
that was it.
1264
01:15:10,010 --> 01:15:11,177
♪ ♪
1265
01:15:39,973 --> 01:15:42,876
[vocal music playing on radio]
1266
01:15:42,909 --> 01:15:49,115
♪ ♪
1267
01:16:02,663 --> 01:16:05,632
[upbeat music]
1268
01:16:05,666 --> 01:16:12,673
♪ ♪
1269
01:16:12,706 --> 01:16:15,609
[relaxed music playing]
1270
01:16:15,642 --> 01:16:22,583
♪ ♪
1271
01:17:19,472 --> 01:17:22,408
[gentle piano music]
1272
01:17:22,442 --> 01:17:29,850
♪ ♪
1273
01:17:30,817 --> 01:17:35,989
‐ I had this dream Biosphere 2
is starting to levitate.
1274
01:17:36,022 --> 01:17:39,459
It's starting to go
into orbit,
1275
01:17:39,492 --> 01:17:41,261
and so I'm madly running,
1276
01:17:41,294 --> 01:17:43,263
and I'm saying,
you know, the other seven,
1277
01:17:43,296 --> 01:17:45,231
we're all running to be
the first people
1278
01:17:45,265 --> 01:17:48,001
to see the Earth
from inside Biosphere 2.
1279
01:17:48,034 --> 01:17:51,905
♪ ♪
1280
01:17:51,938 --> 01:17:54,941
We were like an intrepid
group of astronauts.
1281
01:17:54,975 --> 01:18:00,981
♪ ♪
1282
01:18:01,014 --> 01:18:03,416
We're on the Moon, or Mars.
1283
01:18:03,449 --> 01:18:10,256
♪ ♪
1284
01:18:17,430 --> 01:18:23,870
‐ I was outside looking in,
working with mission control.
1285
01:18:23,904 --> 01:18:25,772
‐ Take a little tour around.
1286
01:18:25,806 --> 01:18:29,375
This is the computer room,
the Telex room.
1287
01:18:29,409 --> 01:18:33,880
‐ Mission control
was an entire team
1288
01:18:33,914 --> 01:18:39,452
recording the data
from Biosphere 2.
1289
01:18:39,485 --> 01:18:41,988
‐ My office was in
mission control,
1290
01:18:42,022 --> 01:18:45,325
on second floor, right down
the hall from the CEO.
1291
01:18:45,358 --> 01:18:47,293
[synth music]
1292
01:18:47,327 --> 01:18:49,930
When you're doing
the finance ends of things,
1293
01:18:49,963 --> 01:18:51,765
you're not a front person.
1294
01:18:51,798 --> 01:18:54,000
You're hidden
behind the scenes.
1295
01:18:54,034 --> 01:18:56,402
♪ ♪
1296
01:18:56,436 --> 01:18:59,339
And I made it a purpose often
to run around the Biosphere
1297
01:18:59,372 --> 01:19:03,844
most every day,
1298
01:19:03,877 --> 01:19:07,313
and look at it.
That was my exercise.
1299
01:19:07,347 --> 01:19:09,950
That was my daily run.
1300
01:19:09,983 --> 01:19:11,985
♪ ♪
1301
01:19:12,018 --> 01:19:14,154
I‐‐yeah, I felt
very, very connected
1302
01:19:14,187 --> 01:19:15,989
to everybody in there.
1303
01:19:16,022 --> 01:19:22,963
♪ ♪
1304
01:19:25,298 --> 01:19:27,467
‐ Every day,
John was in mission control
1305
01:19:27,500 --> 01:19:30,036
monitoring the project.
1306
01:19:30,070 --> 01:19:33,940
People had
different pressures on them
1307
01:19:33,974 --> 01:19:36,176
by the enormity of the project
1308
01:19:36,209 --> 01:19:42,148
and its profile in the media.
John Allen‐‐
1309
01:19:42,182 --> 01:19:45,251
he's always thinking
about the project itself,
1310
01:19:45,285 --> 01:19:47,287
thinking about
every possible thing
1311
01:19:47,320 --> 01:19:48,922
that he thought
could go wrong.
1312
01:19:48,955 --> 01:19:55,896
♪ ♪
1313
01:20:02,468 --> 01:20:05,271
‐ There was this mysterious
thing that happened,
1314
01:20:05,305 --> 01:20:09,475
a sudden spike increase in CO2.
1315
01:20:09,510 --> 01:20:11,077
‐ I mean, it was
a substantial rise
1316
01:20:11,111 --> 01:20:14,848
in carbon dioxide.
1317
01:20:14,881 --> 01:20:17,317
‐ I couldn't finish
a long sentence
1318
01:20:17,350 --> 01:20:19,452
without stopping to take
a breath or two.
1319
01:20:19,485 --> 01:20:21,021
‐ Walking up the steps,
1320
01:20:21,054 --> 01:20:22,989
I could only walk
a couple steps,
1321
01:20:23,023 --> 01:20:28,128
and then I'd have to stop
and take a breath.
1322
01:20:28,161 --> 01:20:29,930
‐ You know,
the onset of winter
1323
01:20:29,963 --> 01:20:31,464
was kind of scary times.
1324
01:20:31,497 --> 01:20:35,368
♪ ♪
1325
01:20:35,401 --> 01:20:39,973
As the days got shorter,
we were pretty scared, one,
1326
01:20:40,006 --> 01:20:42,275
that we couldn't control CO2.
1327
01:20:42,308 --> 01:20:46,446
Whereas food also got shorter,
crops took longer to mature.
1328
01:20:46,479 --> 01:20:49,616
♪ ♪
1329
01:20:49,650 --> 01:20:52,085
‐ We had to make
some pretty hard decisions,
1330
01:20:52,118 --> 01:20:56,122
because some crops
were just way more productive
1331
01:20:56,156 --> 01:20:57,958
than others,
even though we might have been
1332
01:20:57,991 --> 01:21:01,528
sick of eating
that particular thing.
1333
01:21:01,562 --> 01:21:07,067
Beetroot soup, beetroot salad,
and with a side of beetroot.
1334
01:21:07,100 --> 01:21:10,971
♪ ♪
1335
01:21:11,004 --> 01:21:13,273
Roy Walford,
who was our doctor‐‐
1336
01:21:13,306 --> 01:21:16,276
his theory was that
a low calorie diet
1337
01:21:16,309 --> 01:21:20,313
was the secret to longevity.
1338
01:21:20,346 --> 01:21:24,050
‐ Roy's whole thing was that
if you did it intelligently,
1339
01:21:24,084 --> 01:21:29,055
you could half starve to death
and live well to 120 years.
1340
01:21:29,089 --> 01:21:32,258
‐ And this was the perfect
research opportunity for him.
1341
01:21:32,292 --> 01:21:37,598
♪ ♪
1342
01:21:37,631 --> 01:21:42,536
‐ I made this calculation.
If this weight loss continues,
1343
01:21:42,569 --> 01:21:46,006
I will be ‐90 pounds
when I leave.
1344
01:21:46,039 --> 01:21:48,975
[somber music]
1345
01:21:49,009 --> 01:21:53,479
♪ ♪
1346
01:21:53,514 --> 01:21:56,149
‐ We saw that the oxygen was
really getting low,
1347
01:21:56,182 --> 01:22:00,320
to a point where
it could cause brain damage,
1348
01:22:00,353 --> 01:22:03,223
and I think one of the reasons
that our group of eight
1349
01:22:03,256 --> 01:22:06,259
were belligerent
towards each other was,
1350
01:22:06,292 --> 01:22:09,530
we were suffocating
and starving.
1351
01:22:09,563 --> 01:22:11,497
‐ Started out
by fucking saying,
1352
01:22:11,532 --> 01:22:13,534
I'm staying down here,
watching the creek.
1353
01:22:13,567 --> 01:22:17,738
♪ ♪
1354
01:22:17,771 --> 01:22:20,707
‐ The fighting is taking away
from us coalescing
1355
01:22:20,741 --> 01:22:24,177
as a group
to accomplish our objectives.
1356
01:22:24,210 --> 01:22:26,312
‐ John said,
"Oh, you need to start
1357
01:22:26,346 --> 01:22:27,714
"doing some advanced yoga
1358
01:22:27,748 --> 01:22:30,016
so you don't use
as much oxygen."
1359
01:22:30,050 --> 01:22:31,685
♪ ♪
1360
01:22:31,718 --> 01:22:34,154
I started to resent
John Allen.
1361
01:22:34,187 --> 01:22:37,190
♪ ♪
1362
01:22:37,223 --> 01:22:40,694
‐ We had occasional meetings
with John via video.
1363
01:22:40,727 --> 01:22:42,696
♪ ♪
1364
01:22:42,729 --> 01:22:46,567
There was a lot of personal
animosities towards John.
1365
01:22:46,600 --> 01:22:52,038
♪ ♪
1366
01:22:52,072 --> 01:22:56,176
‐ John Allen controls who gets
to communicate with whom.
1367
01:22:56,209 --> 01:22:58,679
‐ Mm‐hmm.
‐ And there are certain people
1368
01:22:58,712 --> 01:23:01,481
that I'm not supposed
to talk to who are scientists,
1369
01:23:01,515 --> 01:23:03,349
who I would really like
to talk to,
1370
01:23:03,383 --> 01:23:06,186
particularly about oxygen,
and these are people
1371
01:23:06,219 --> 01:23:08,121
that I'm not supposed
to talk with directly.
1372
01:23:08,154 --> 01:23:12,192
♪ ♪
1373
01:23:12,225 --> 01:23:17,363
‐ John‐‐he had created
this whole world.
1374
01:23:17,397 --> 01:23:20,767
♪ ♪
1375
01:23:20,801 --> 01:23:22,603
Oh, I think a part of him,
1376
01:23:22,636 --> 01:23:25,105
like any red‐blooded
white American male,
1377
01:23:25,138 --> 01:23:27,073
wanted that god‐like power.
1378
01:23:27,107 --> 01:23:30,744
♪ ♪
1379
01:23:30,777 --> 01:23:32,713
‐ This was [indistinct].
1380
01:23:32,746 --> 01:23:35,549
[actors hooting]
1381
01:23:35,582 --> 01:23:37,784
‐ Can the actors go on?
1382
01:23:37,818 --> 01:23:41,154
It's dramatic.
1383
01:23:41,187 --> 01:23:44,290
Nobody knows,
1384
01:23:44,324 --> 01:23:48,394
until the very end,
1385
01:23:48,428 --> 01:23:51,397
what was gonna happen.
1386
01:23:51,431 --> 01:23:54,167
‐ In our horrible situation,
1387
01:23:54,200 --> 01:23:57,270
we've been deprived
of these basic needs.
1388
01:23:57,303 --> 01:24:00,440
‐ A horrible situation!
1389
01:24:00,473 --> 01:24:05,178
‐ It was an experiment
to humans in a way.
1390
01:24:05,211 --> 01:24:07,614
‐ Eight people
in the Biosphere.
1391
01:24:07,648 --> 01:24:11,451
Eight supple arms have I,
one for each and eight for all,
1392
01:24:11,484 --> 01:24:14,655
as one by one they die.
1393
01:24:19,826 --> 01:24:22,796
[spacey music]
1394
01:24:22,829 --> 01:24:29,736
♪ ♪
1395
01:24:44,585 --> 01:24:46,820
‐ There were many times
I would get calls
1396
01:24:46,853 --> 01:24:50,256
from reporters,
saying "Is it true that..."
1397
01:24:50,290 --> 01:24:53,126
and I would say, "I don't
think so, but I'll check,
1398
01:24:53,159 --> 01:24:59,132
and get back to you,"
and lo and behold, it was true.
1399
01:24:59,165 --> 01:25:01,902
[foreboding music]
1400
01:25:01,935 --> 01:25:08,509
♪ ♪
1401
01:25:08,542 --> 01:25:11,812
‐ Eyewitness News has learned
there is a potential problem
1402
01:25:11,845 --> 01:25:13,914
at the Biosphere near Oracle.
1403
01:25:13,947 --> 01:25:16,783
Hours before that
huge experiment was sealed,
1404
01:25:16,817 --> 01:25:20,453
Biosphere officials secretly
installed a CO2 scrubber,
1405
01:25:20,486 --> 01:25:22,789
a mechanical device
to remove CO2
1406
01:25:22,823 --> 01:25:25,458
from the atmosphere
inside Biosphere.
1407
01:25:25,491 --> 01:25:27,227
‐ One of the top scientists
resigned
1408
01:25:27,260 --> 01:25:29,162
over that added technology.
1409
01:25:29,195 --> 01:25:30,330
He and some others charge
1410
01:25:30,363 --> 01:25:33,499
it flies in the faceof the original concept.
1411
01:25:33,534 --> 01:25:37,738
‐ A CO2 scrubber that was
not divulged to the media
1412
01:25:37,771 --> 01:25:38,805
and the rest of the world
1413
01:25:38,839 --> 01:25:40,541
would seem to me to say
1414
01:25:40,574 --> 01:25:43,744
that they've changed the rules.
1415
01:25:43,777 --> 01:25:47,614
‐ There was so much to‐do made
about inconsequential things,
1416
01:25:47,648 --> 01:25:50,316
like the famous
carbon scrubber.
1417
01:25:50,350 --> 01:25:55,288
That could only take out
a limited amount of CO2.
1418
01:25:55,321 --> 01:26:00,426
It wasn't gonna save us,
and we used that sparingly.
1419
01:26:00,460 --> 01:26:02,428
But we needed to be
1420
01:26:02,462 --> 01:26:05,699
much more transparent
with the outside world.
1421
01:26:05,732 --> 01:26:09,736
‐ Biosphere 2 is billed as
a search for scientific truth,
1422
01:26:09,770 --> 01:26:11,838
but the principals behind it
1423
01:26:11,872 --> 01:26:14,775
seem to spend an awful lot
of their time stonewalling.
1424
01:26:14,808 --> 01:26:16,577
‐ Biosphere officials
turned down
1425
01:26:16,610 --> 01:26:18,344
our request for interviews.
1426
01:26:18,378 --> 01:26:20,246
We didn't have any better luck
when we caught up
1427
01:26:20,280 --> 01:26:22,616
with one of those officials,
John Allen,
1428
01:26:22,649 --> 01:26:24,918
and an aide, at a scientific
conference in Alabama.
1429
01:26:26,386 --> 01:26:29,890
‐ Can you not
answer our questions?
1430
01:26:29,923 --> 01:26:32,258
‐ Mister, sir, you've gotten‐‐
you've gotten the answer.
1431
01:26:38,264 --> 01:26:40,500
‐ I was
tremendously frustrated
1432
01:26:40,534 --> 01:26:42,402
by the criticisms
1433
01:26:42,435 --> 01:26:46,339
and misunderstandings
of Biosphere 2.
1434
01:26:46,372 --> 01:26:47,808
Everybody focused
1435
01:26:47,841 --> 01:26:49,710
on the carbon dioxide
scrubber.
1436
01:26:49,743 --> 01:26:51,612
[eerie music]
1437
01:26:51,645 --> 01:26:54,748
People did not understand
the point.
1438
01:26:54,781 --> 01:26:59,352
♪ ♪
1439
01:26:59,385 --> 01:27:02,589
We were people who recognized
that climate change
1440
01:27:02,623 --> 01:27:07,661
is a threat,
1441
01:27:07,694 --> 01:27:11,431
trying to develop a means
to counteract that threat.
1442
01:27:11,464 --> 01:27:14,968
♪ ♪
1443
01:27:15,001 --> 01:27:19,640
Biosphere 2 brings you
a visceral sense
1444
01:27:19,673 --> 01:27:21,842
of how delicate everything is.
1445
01:27:21,875 --> 01:27:28,615
♪ ♪
1446
01:27:28,649 --> 01:27:31,918
‐ We were all tense.
The project wasn't going right.
1447
01:27:31,952 --> 01:27:38,692
Things were falling apart.
People were losing control.
1448
01:27:38,725 --> 01:27:42,395
Of course, when people feel
like they're losing control,
1449
01:27:42,428 --> 01:27:46,066
bad things happen
in all kinds of directions.
1450
01:27:46,099 --> 01:27:49,069
[dramatic music]
1451
01:27:49,102 --> 01:27:56,042
♪ ♪
1452
01:28:27,574 --> 01:28:30,511
[overlapping reporting]
1453
01:28:30,544 --> 01:28:37,450
♪ ♪
1454
01:28:42,556 --> 01:28:46,660
[helicopter whirring]
1455
01:28:46,693 --> 01:28:53,634
♪ ♪
1456
01:29:00,874 --> 01:29:03,810
[somber music]
1457
01:29:03,844 --> 01:29:10,784
♪ ♪
1458
01:29:13,119 --> 01:29:15,622
‐ Thanks to the people
that have volunteered
1459
01:29:15,656 --> 01:29:19,492
tremendous time and effort
into this committee
1460
01:29:19,526 --> 01:29:26,466
to give advice on scientific
matters to Biosphere 2.
1461
01:29:26,499 --> 01:29:27,801
‐ The science
advisory committee
1462
01:29:27,834 --> 01:29:29,870
was established,
funded scientists
1463
01:29:29,903 --> 01:29:32,806
from major institutions
1464
01:29:32,839 --> 01:29:34,474
that could give the project
1465
01:29:34,508 --> 01:29:38,612
the scientific credibility
it was losing.
1466
01:29:38,645 --> 01:29:41,782
‐ Some other people started
to be involved, to come in,
1467
01:29:41,815 --> 01:29:42,983
and I think
1468
01:29:43,016 --> 01:29:47,854
there was some conflictsgoing on in that arena.
1469
01:29:47,888 --> 01:29:49,455
‐ I can tell‐‐
wait a minute, this is‐‐
1470
01:29:49,489 --> 01:29:51,024
‐ [indistinct]
‐ Let me finish, please.
1471
01:29:51,057 --> 01:29:53,894
Please, let me finish.
1472
01:29:53,927 --> 01:29:55,629
‐ The scientific committee‐‐
1473
01:29:55,662 --> 01:29:58,131
they certainly would've
been happy to take over
1474
01:29:58,164 --> 01:29:59,866
and use Mr. Bass's money
1475
01:29:59,900 --> 01:30:03,036
to do a very different version
of Biosphere.
1476
01:30:03,069 --> 01:30:05,038
‐ One of the interesting things
we're going to do,
1477
01:30:05,071 --> 01:30:07,874
I want to do next,
is to look at the light.
1478
01:30:07,908 --> 01:30:11,512
‐ And clearly, John was upset.
1479
01:30:11,545 --> 01:30:13,479
He thought
he was losing control.
1480
01:30:13,514 --> 01:30:15,749
♪ ♪
1481
01:30:15,782 --> 01:30:17,851
‐ I'm still very concerned
about a matter of‐‐
1482
01:30:17,884 --> 01:30:19,720
‐ What did you just say?
1483
01:30:19,753 --> 01:30:22,488
‐ I'm saying we're gonna
vet it.
1484
01:30:22,523 --> 01:30:25,859
‐ John called me in,
then he said
1485
01:30:25,892 --> 01:30:29,129
the establishment
is trying to take over,
1486
01:30:29,162 --> 01:30:32,065
and that Ed Bass
had turned on him.
1487
01:30:32,098 --> 01:30:35,035
And I thought, wait a minute,
John has turned on Ed,
1488
01:30:35,068 --> 01:30:37,070
it sounded like.
1489
01:30:38,504 --> 01:30:40,240
That set off alarms, to me.
1490
01:30:40,273 --> 01:30:42,876
♪ ♪
1491
01:30:42,909 --> 01:30:44,911
I felt like I had
to say something
1492
01:30:44,945 --> 01:30:47,681
to the scientific
advisory committee.
1493
01:30:47,714 --> 01:30:50,717
♪ ♪
1494
01:30:50,751 --> 01:30:53,053
‐ We were totally upset
about Tony doing this
1495
01:30:53,086 --> 01:30:55,689
in such an underhanded way.
1496
01:30:55,722 --> 01:30:58,158
It was pretty much
gossip‐mongering.
1497
01:30:58,191 --> 01:31:01,261
We asked Tony to come
and face us all
1498
01:31:01,294 --> 01:31:03,263
on a video uplink,
1499
01:31:03,296 --> 01:31:07,568
and tell us what he had said
to the advisory committee.
1500
01:31:07,601 --> 01:31:10,771
‐ I think what, the problem
I saw was that John Allen
1501
01:31:10,804 --> 01:31:15,842
was having what looked
like paranoid delusions,
1502
01:31:15,876 --> 01:31:17,043
and it frightened me.
1503
01:31:17,077 --> 01:31:18,945
‐ For you to take
this kind of agenda
1504
01:31:18,979 --> 01:31:21,882
to that committee
really burns me,
1505
01:31:21,915 --> 01:31:25,786
because to my mind, they have
heard too much of this shit.
1506
01:31:25,819 --> 01:31:28,655
‐ I was really angry
with Tony.
1507
01:31:28,689 --> 01:31:30,891
It was crazy to me.
1508
01:31:30,924 --> 01:31:35,729
Biosphere 2 was a genius
of Johnny as a leader.
1509
01:31:35,762 --> 01:31:37,798
‐ I'm sensitive
to this situation,
1510
01:31:37,831 --> 01:31:41,167
because I am the product
of a dysfunctional family.
1511
01:31:41,201 --> 01:31:44,204
What I see going on here
is abusive parents,
1512
01:31:44,237 --> 01:31:47,207
and you eight almost trapped
in there like children.
1513
01:31:47,240 --> 01:31:48,942
‐ I'm just really
quite pissed off,
1514
01:31:48,975 --> 01:31:51,545
because there's no way
you can really respond
1515
01:31:51,578 --> 01:31:55,181
to personality
conflict power projections,
1516
01:31:55,215 --> 01:31:57,918
or even as you're going on,
you know,
1517
01:31:57,951 --> 01:32:00,687
abusive parent projections.
1518
01:32:00,721 --> 01:32:03,624
‐ Some of them were
really angry.
1519
01:32:03,657 --> 01:32:05,859
It was a good thing they were
inside and I was outside.
1520
01:32:05,892 --> 01:32:09,329
‐ Tony, if you talk
about what John Allen said,
1521
01:32:09,362 --> 01:32:13,133
then I would John Allen
to be part of the meeting.
1522
01:32:13,166 --> 01:32:16,002
‐ Then they took me
to see John Allen.
1523
01:32:16,036 --> 01:32:19,072
♪ ♪
1524
01:32:19,105 --> 01:32:20,841
That one, I remember.
1525
01:32:20,874 --> 01:32:25,178
John looks at me, and he says,
1526
01:32:25,211 --> 01:32:27,080
"In Dante's 'Inferno,'
1527
01:32:27,113 --> 01:32:31,051
"betrayal is the sin
that puts people
1528
01:32:31,084 --> 01:32:33,286
at the deepest level of hell."
1529
01:32:33,319 --> 01:32:39,025
♪ ♪
1530
01:32:39,059 --> 01:32:42,295
He got up,
1531
01:32:42,328 --> 01:32:47,033
walked around
the desk,
1532
01:32:47,067 --> 01:32:49,169
and hugged me.
1533
01:32:49,202 --> 01:32:53,874
And I hugged him.
And he said, "Never again."
1534
01:32:53,907 --> 01:32:57,210
And I looked him in the eye,
and I said, "Never again."
1535
01:33:01,281 --> 01:33:03,349
[warm orchestral music]
1536
01:33:03,383 --> 01:33:10,323
♪ ♪
1537
01:33:23,804 --> 01:33:28,675
‐ As I look at Biosphere 2,
and I'm ready to enter,
1538
01:33:28,709 --> 01:33:31,144
I take my last breaths
of this atmosphere,
1539
01:33:31,177 --> 01:33:33,980
knowing that I will
take breaths
1540
01:33:34,014 --> 01:33:37,150
from a different atmosphere
from all of you for two years.
1541
01:33:37,183 --> 01:33:39,185
‐ Not exactly.
1542
01:33:39,219 --> 01:33:42,689
Biospherians are once again
breathing our air.
1543
01:33:42,723 --> 01:33:44,858
It's being pumped inside.
1544
01:33:44,891 --> 01:33:48,028
About 10% of Biosphere's
total atmosphere.
1545
01:33:48,061 --> 01:33:50,296
♪ ♪
1546
01:33:50,330 --> 01:33:53,066
From the beginning,
Biosphere 2 was billed
1547
01:33:53,099 --> 01:33:56,703
as a totally contained,
virtually sealed experiment.
1548
01:33:56,737 --> 01:34:00,373
Pumping air inside?
What now?
1549
01:34:00,406 --> 01:34:07,714
♪ ♪
1550
01:34:07,748 --> 01:34:11,317
‐ If the management had handled
things differently,
1551
01:34:11,351 --> 01:34:14,154
the result
would've been different.
1552
01:34:14,187 --> 01:34:17,423
I actually don't blame
the press.
1553
01:34:17,457 --> 01:34:20,961
Margaret and John
promised too much.
1554
01:34:20,994 --> 01:34:23,229
‐ Theirs was to have been
a self‐sustaining
1555
01:34:23,263 --> 01:34:27,033
three‐acre world,
a model for colonizing space,
1556
01:34:27,067 --> 01:34:30,470
but crops failed.
Fresh air was pumped in.
1557
01:34:30,503 --> 01:34:32,305
‐ Critics say these violations
1558
01:34:32,338 --> 01:34:34,975
have invalidated
the experiment.
1559
01:34:35,008 --> 01:34:37,978
‐ It's self‐contained,
but it's not self‐sustaining,
1560
01:34:38,011 --> 01:34:41,081
and so the Biosphere, as it
was touted, is a total failure.
1561
01:34:41,114 --> 01:34:44,951
♪ ♪
1562
01:34:44,985 --> 01:34:49,723
‐ The day they pumped oxygen,
people went down
1563
01:34:49,756 --> 01:34:53,259
to kind of, like, get a sniff
of the pure oxygen coming in.
1564
01:34:53,293 --> 01:34:55,929
‐ In ten minutes,
in ten seconds, maybe,
1565
01:34:55,962 --> 01:34:59,332
I felt decades younger,
full of energy.
1566
01:34:59,365 --> 01:35:00,801
‐ Once this oxygen came in,
1567
01:35:00,834 --> 01:35:03,303
it was like this huge cloud
had lifted.
1568
01:35:03,336 --> 01:35:04,838
‐ The first thing
that happened,
1569
01:35:04,871 --> 01:35:06,372
spontaneously, is most of us
1570
01:35:06,406 --> 01:35:09,009
started running around
the lung and laughing.
1571
01:35:09,042 --> 01:35:11,311
And I realized,
I hadn't heard the sound
1572
01:35:11,344 --> 01:35:13,313
of running feet
in months and months.
1573
01:35:13,346 --> 01:35:15,782
["Right Here Right Now"
by Jesus Jones playing]
1574
01:35:15,816 --> 01:35:18,952
‐ The negativity
just kind of dissipated.
1575
01:35:18,985 --> 01:35:24,490
‐ ♪ A woman on the radio
talks about revolution ♪
1576
01:35:24,525 --> 01:35:27,393
♪ When it's
already passed her by ♪
1577
01:35:27,427 --> 01:35:30,964
♪ Bob Dylan didn't have
this to sing about ♪
1578
01:35:30,997 --> 01:35:36,102
♪ You know it feels good
to be alive ♪
1579
01:35:36,136 --> 01:35:40,373
♪ I was alive,
and I waited, waited ♪
1580
01:35:40,406 --> 01:35:45,045
♪ I was alive
and I waited for this ♪
1581
01:35:45,078 --> 01:35:48,014
♪ Right here, right now ♪
1582
01:35:48,048 --> 01:35:52,118
♪ There is no other place
I want to be ♪
1583
01:35:52,152 --> 01:35:54,187
♪ ♪
1584
01:35:54,220 --> 01:35:56,923
♪ Right here, right now ♪
1585
01:35:56,957 --> 01:36:00,493
♪ Watching the world
wake up ♪
1586
01:36:00,527 --> 01:36:05,932
‐ I felt part of that living
entity that was Biosphere 2.
1587
01:36:05,966 --> 01:36:09,335
My agriculture system
was just becoming really good.
1588
01:36:09,369 --> 01:36:12,338
You know, it was maturing,
things were working well,
1589
01:36:12,372 --> 01:36:17,511
and I wanted to see
what was gonna happen next.
1590
01:36:17,544 --> 01:36:19,880
‐ Joe, as we said,
Sunday's the big day.
1591
01:36:19,913 --> 01:36:21,515
The eight men and eight women
who've been locked
1592
01:36:21,548 --> 01:36:23,517
inside this Biosphere
will be coming out.
1593
01:36:23,550 --> 01:36:25,852
‐ Today, workers were
scrubbing windows
1594
01:36:25,886 --> 01:36:29,590
and building a big stage,
all in preparation for Sunday.
1595
01:36:29,623 --> 01:36:32,993
That's when the Biospherians
exit this greenhouse,
1596
01:36:33,026 --> 01:36:35,862
exactly two years
after they went in.
1597
01:36:35,896 --> 01:36:38,865
[gentle music]
1598
01:36:38,899 --> 01:36:44,204
♪ ♪
1599
01:36:44,237 --> 01:36:46,472
‐ What is it gonna feel like
1600
01:36:46,507 --> 01:36:49,442
after being two years
in this world,
1601
01:36:49,475 --> 01:36:51,945
to suddenly step out
into the other one?
1602
01:36:51,978 --> 01:36:54,214
‐ I didn't want to come out.
1603
01:36:54,247 --> 01:36:58,885
I did not want to come out.
I was volunteering to stay in.
1604
01:36:58,919 --> 01:37:01,622
‐ So, it was amazing
that from a dream
1605
01:37:01,655 --> 01:37:03,857
and an adobe spaceship,
1606
01:37:03,890 --> 01:37:08,061
that this gleaming marvel
had appeared in the desert.
1607
01:37:08,094 --> 01:37:11,431
I had the adventure of my life.
1608
01:37:11,464 --> 01:37:14,434
‐ So, I'd look at the trees
that we planted from seed,
1609
01:37:14,467 --> 01:37:17,103
and I just love it.
Uh, it‐‐my heart is there.
1610
01:37:17,137 --> 01:37:18,338
It's really there.
1611
01:37:18,371 --> 01:37:19,239
It probably
will always be there.
1612
01:37:19,272 --> 01:37:26,212
♪ ♪
1613
01:37:30,951 --> 01:37:35,088
‐ On the re‐entry day, we were
all inside the Biosphere,
1614
01:37:35,121 --> 01:37:37,257
waiting and waiting,
1615
01:37:37,290 --> 01:37:40,260
waiting for Jane Goodall
to finish her speech.
1616
01:37:40,293 --> 01:37:42,929
‐ When I began in 1960,
1617
01:37:42,963 --> 01:37:45,932
in the Gombe National Park
in Tanzania,
1618
01:37:45,966 --> 01:37:48,969
my mentor, Louis Leakey,
was told he was crazy.
1619
01:37:49,002 --> 01:37:52,072
He was told
the mission would fail.
1620
01:37:52,105 --> 01:37:53,640
And I think there were
many people,
1621
01:37:53,674 --> 01:37:56,309
when the Biosphere
was first planned,
1622
01:37:56,342 --> 01:38:00,280
who predicted that this mission
also would fail.
1623
01:38:01,014 --> 01:38:04,150
And I think one of the things
we're here for today
1624
01:38:04,184 --> 01:38:10,323
is to pay tribute to
the imagination and the vision
1625
01:38:10,356 --> 01:38:13,326
and the determination
of the team of people
1626
01:38:13,359 --> 01:38:16,362
who have made
this extraordinary project
1627
01:38:16,396 --> 01:38:18,532
a reality.
1628
01:38:18,565 --> 01:38:23,336
‐ Now, I love Jane Goodall,
so we could all tolerate
1629
01:38:23,369 --> 01:38:26,039
the fact that she made us
stay inside the Biosphere
1630
01:38:26,072 --> 01:38:27,674
probably an extra 20 minutes.
1631
01:38:27,708 --> 01:38:30,711
[fanfare]
1632
01:38:30,744 --> 01:38:37,684
♪ ♪
1633
01:38:42,255 --> 01:38:45,191
[cheers and applause]
1634
01:38:45,225 --> 01:38:50,496
♪ ♪
1635
01:38:52,498 --> 01:38:54,334
‐ To live in a small world
1636
01:38:54,367 --> 01:38:56,369
and be conscious
of its controls,
1637
01:38:56,402 --> 01:39:00,006
of its beauty,
its fragility, of its bounty,
1638
01:39:00,040 --> 01:39:03,309
and its limits,
changes who you are.
1639
01:39:03,343 --> 01:39:06,279
[spacey music]
1640
01:39:06,312 --> 01:39:08,214
♪ ♪
1641
01:39:08,248 --> 01:39:10,183
‐ When you're out
in what seems to be
1642
01:39:10,216 --> 01:39:12,285
almost this infinite
biosphere,
1643
01:39:12,318 --> 01:39:16,089
so big, so large,
so tall,
1644
01:39:16,122 --> 01:39:19,492
it's kind of easy to think
that your actions don't count,
1645
01:39:19,526 --> 01:39:21,027
but they do count.
1646
01:39:21,061 --> 01:39:26,166
♪ ♪
1647
01:39:26,199 --> 01:39:28,669
‐ Today, researchers toured
the inside of the facility,
1648
01:39:28,702 --> 01:39:32,005
measuring every living plant
and examining every animal.
1649
01:39:32,038 --> 01:39:33,607
‐ Some things have grown,
some things have died,
1650
01:39:33,640 --> 01:39:35,776
and some things have prospered.
1651
01:39:35,809 --> 01:39:37,744
‐ Did it go as expected?
1652
01:39:37,778 --> 01:39:39,479
‐ No, and that was
why we did it.
1653
01:39:39,513 --> 01:39:41,214
We didn't know what to expect.
1654
01:39:41,247 --> 01:39:44,284
‐ I was back in the saddle,
being the consultant
1655
01:39:44,317 --> 01:39:47,320
for the next mission.
I was given trust again,
1656
01:39:47,353 --> 01:39:48,689
so they were true
to their word.
1657
01:39:48,722 --> 01:39:51,091
I said never again.
1658
01:39:51,124 --> 01:39:54,494
They continued to pay me
to collect data
1659
01:39:54,528 --> 01:39:57,030
that we thought was going
to be the foundation
1660
01:39:57,063 --> 01:39:59,766
of this new discipline
of biospherics.
1661
01:40:01,568 --> 01:40:06,472
So I was completely involved,
all the way until that day
1662
01:40:06,507 --> 01:40:08,775
when the marshals showed up
with Steve Bannon.
1663
01:40:12,178 --> 01:40:15,148
[uneasy music]
1664
01:40:15,181 --> 01:40:22,122
♪ ♪
1665
01:40:30,163 --> 01:40:31,765
‐ The management team
of Biosphere 2
1666
01:40:31,798 --> 01:40:34,735
has been locked out
of its offices and jobs.
1667
01:40:34,768 --> 01:40:37,838
‐ Texas billionaire Ed Bass,
who bankrolled the Biosphere,
1668
01:40:37,871 --> 01:40:39,039
has obtained a court order
1669
01:40:39,072 --> 01:40:42,442
ousting six managing officersof the project.
1670
01:40:42,475 --> 01:40:44,845
Among those booted out:
Margaret Augustine,
1671
01:40:44,878 --> 01:40:46,713
the company's
chief executive officer,
1672
01:40:46,747 --> 01:40:49,215
and vice president John Allen.
1673
01:40:49,249 --> 01:40:55,121
‐ After some...
intense meetings...
1674
01:40:55,155 --> 01:41:01,695
♪ ♪
1675
01:41:01,728 --> 01:41:07,100
It was decided that the
relationship should...end
1676
01:41:07,133 --> 01:41:12,138
as it‐‐as it had been.
It was very difficult.
1677
01:41:12,172 --> 01:41:13,707
♪ ♪
1678
01:41:32,593 --> 01:41:33,760
♪ ♪
1679
01:41:37,263 --> 01:41:41,535
‐ Ed was under pressure
to stop the bad press
1680
01:41:41,568 --> 01:41:45,606
and to make Biosphere 2 more
conventional and profitable.
1681
01:41:47,808 --> 01:41:51,512
He brought in bankers
and Wall Street types
1682
01:41:51,545 --> 01:41:56,349
who really were focused
on short‐term profit and loss.
1683
01:41:56,382 --> 01:41:58,885
‐ John Polk Allen
sent a letter to Ed Bass,
1684
01:41:58,919 --> 01:42:00,521
the project's
financial backer,
1685
01:42:00,554 --> 01:42:03,223
because he's afraid
the focus of the project
1686
01:42:03,256 --> 01:42:05,225
is changing
from scientific research
1687
01:42:05,258 --> 01:42:07,193
to making money.
1688
01:42:07,227 --> 01:42:10,396
♪ ♪
1689
01:42:10,430 --> 01:42:15,902
‐ Steve Bannon came out
of Goldman Sachs,
1690
01:42:15,936 --> 01:42:19,239
and Ed made Bannon CEO.
1691
01:42:19,272 --> 01:42:21,508
♪ ♪
1692
01:42:21,542 --> 01:42:24,511
‐ Most of
the incredibly important data
1693
01:42:24,545 --> 01:42:26,279
from Biosphere 2
1694
01:42:26,312 --> 01:42:30,416
was destroyed
or locked up somewhere.
1695
01:42:30,450 --> 01:42:32,686
It is a scientific crime.
1696
01:42:32,719 --> 01:42:39,526
♪ ♪
1697
01:42:39,560 --> 01:42:41,862
‐ Why?
Why?
1698
01:42:41,895 --> 01:42:43,296
Why were they doing this?
1699
01:42:43,329 --> 01:42:46,633
What was this all about?
1700
01:42:46,667 --> 01:42:48,535
I was very dubious
1701
01:42:48,569 --> 01:42:52,939
whether or not
what was happening was legal.
1702
01:42:52,973 --> 01:42:57,210
I continued to work
under Steve Bannon.
1703
01:42:57,243 --> 01:42:59,212
I figured that it was
very important
1704
01:42:59,245 --> 01:43:01,648
to capture what was going on.
1705
01:43:01,682 --> 01:43:03,550
♪ ♪
1706
01:43:03,584 --> 01:43:06,486
I put the tape recorder
in my underwear
1707
01:43:06,520 --> 01:43:09,389
because I was concerned that
somebody would try to find it.
1708
01:43:40,754 --> 01:43:42,889
♪ ♪
1709
01:43:42,923 --> 01:43:46,392
‐ The power of this place
is allowing those scientists
1710
01:43:46,426 --> 01:43:49,563
who are really involved
in the study of global change‐‐
1711
01:43:49,596 --> 01:43:52,298
this actually allows them
to study and monitor
1712
01:43:52,332 --> 01:43:56,737
the impact of enhanced CO2
and other greenhouse gases
1713
01:43:56,770 --> 01:44:00,440
on humans,
plants, and in animals.
1714
01:44:00,473 --> 01:44:02,776
‐ The focus was really one
of space travel.
1715
01:44:02,809 --> 01:44:04,678
We refocused it
to the study of the Earth.
1716
01:44:04,711 --> 01:44:06,880
[melancholy piano music]
1717
01:44:06,913 --> 01:44:08,815
♪ ♪
1718
01:44:08,849 --> 01:44:12,719
‐ If Bannon has denied
climate change,
1719
01:44:12,753 --> 01:44:15,756
it is not because
he is not smart enough
1720
01:44:15,789 --> 01:44:19,693
to see that
there is climate change.
1721
01:44:19,726 --> 01:44:21,662
He's doing it
for another reason.
1722
01:44:21,695 --> 01:44:25,799
♪ ♪
1723
01:44:25,832 --> 01:44:28,802
It's particularly excruciating
1724
01:44:28,835 --> 01:44:30,937
because I know
how smart he is.
1725
01:44:30,971 --> 01:44:35,676
♪ ♪
1726
01:44:35,709 --> 01:44:37,944
‐ The takeover of Biosphere 2
1727
01:44:37,978 --> 01:44:41,615
is what's happening
in the world now.
1728
01:44:41,648 --> 01:44:44,350
Wall Street banker types,
1729
01:44:44,384 --> 01:44:48,955
the people just interested
in short‐term profit and loss,
1730
01:44:48,989 --> 01:44:52,559
push out the innovators
and destroy the world.
1731
01:44:52,593 --> 01:44:59,533
♪ ♪
1732
01:45:03,103 --> 01:45:05,038
‐ Not to be able to go back
1733
01:45:05,071 --> 01:45:07,373
to something
of that magnitude,
1734
01:45:07,407 --> 01:45:09,943
that's the culmination
of your life's work,
1735
01:45:09,976 --> 01:45:13,379
was excruciating.
1736
01:45:13,413 --> 01:45:19,452
♪ ♪
1737
01:45:19,485 --> 01:45:23,690
I don't want to go there.
1738
01:45:23,724 --> 01:45:27,360
I don't want to talk about it.
1739
01:45:27,393 --> 01:45:31,064
Yeah.
1740
01:45:31,097 --> 01:45:32,766
Excuse me.
1741
01:45:49,482 --> 01:45:52,452
[mournful music]
1742
01:45:52,485 --> 01:45:59,425
♪ ♪
1743
01:46:18,044 --> 01:46:22,749
‐ I'm still moving on
from that.
1744
01:46:22,783 --> 01:46:24,785
I'm still moving on.
1745
01:46:24,818 --> 01:46:31,525
♪ ♪
1746
01:46:32,659 --> 01:46:35,696
We're always looking
for that place, the‐‐
1747
01:46:35,729 --> 01:46:38,765
you know, that was special.
1748
01:46:38,799 --> 01:46:40,867
Nobody else could see
what it could be.
1749
01:46:40,901 --> 01:46:43,870
♪ ♪
1750
01:46:43,904 --> 01:46:46,139
We had more in mind to do.
1751
01:46:46,172 --> 01:46:50,911
♪ ♪
1752
01:46:50,944 --> 01:46:55,916
‐ Those moments
of all possibilities
1753
01:46:55,949 --> 01:47:01,588
last a very short period
of time.
1754
01:47:01,622 --> 01:47:03,156
That's why you act.
1755
01:47:03,189 --> 01:47:10,096
♪ ♪
1756
01:47:18,605 --> 01:47:23,176
‐ Biosphere 2,
is it a cautionary tale?
1757
01:47:23,209 --> 01:47:25,045
We don't need
a cautionary tale anymore,
1758
01:47:25,078 --> 01:47:27,213
because all of the rampant,
1759
01:47:27,247 --> 01:47:29,583
you know, destruction
and death
1760
01:47:29,616 --> 01:47:33,887
is already happening.
1761
01:47:33,920 --> 01:47:35,822
I think it's important for me
1762
01:47:35,856 --> 01:47:40,060
to work on the scale
that I work on now,
1763
01:47:40,093 --> 01:47:41,762
working with people
in my community
1764
01:47:41,795 --> 01:47:43,229
to see what we can do.
1765
01:47:43,263 --> 01:47:46,066
♪ ♪
1766
01:47:46,099 --> 01:47:50,537
Sometimes beautiful,
beautiful things happen
1767
01:47:50,571 --> 01:47:54,274
when people
bring their minds together
1768
01:47:54,307 --> 01:47:58,111
towards a common goal.
1769
01:47:58,144 --> 01:48:00,547
You can't do it all
by yourself.
1770
01:48:00,581 --> 01:48:07,521
♪ ♪
1771
01:48:38,985 --> 01:48:42,122
‐ I live at the ranch
with quite a few of the people
1772
01:48:42,155 --> 01:48:44,057
that were there
at the beginning.
1773
01:48:44,090 --> 01:48:46,226
♪ ♪
1774
01:48:46,259 --> 01:48:48,061
‐ And then cutting down...
1775
01:48:48,094 --> 01:48:49,462
‐ We're still managing
the property
1776
01:48:49,495 --> 01:48:54,167
in the Australian outback,and the art gallery in London,
1777
01:48:54,200 --> 01:48:57,270
and the rain forest
in Puerto Rico,
1778
01:48:57,303 --> 01:48:59,673
and we're rebuilding
the "Heraclitus."
1779
01:48:59,706 --> 01:49:03,176
♪ ♪
1780
01:49:03,209 --> 01:49:05,679
We're a very
high‐functioning family
1781
01:49:05,712 --> 01:49:09,349
that works through issues
and keeps going
1782
01:49:09,382 --> 01:49:12,953
for 50 years.
1783
01:49:12,986 --> 01:49:16,790
[group talking indistinctly]
1784
01:49:16,823 --> 01:49:18,358
‐ That was because of you.
1785
01:49:18,391 --> 01:49:20,293
‐ That was because of you?
‐ Because I‐I‐‐
1786
01:49:20,326 --> 01:49:21,995
‐ These Americans
1787
01:49:22,028 --> 01:49:25,666
with their 200%
American accents.
1788
01:49:25,699 --> 01:49:30,103
‐ If you can sustain
a group like this,
1789
01:49:30,136 --> 01:49:33,073
it can get you
through a lot of challenges.
1790
01:49:33,106 --> 01:49:36,342
‐ Yes.
Oh.
1791
01:49:36,376 --> 01:49:38,378
‐ You keep going.
1792
01:49:38,411 --> 01:49:42,082
You go till you go,
till you can't go.
1793
01:49:42,115 --> 01:49:49,055
♪ ♪
1794
01:50:01,301 --> 01:50:04,204
[pensive orchestral music]
1795
01:50:04,237 --> 01:50:11,177
♪ ♪
126109
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