All language subtitles for [SubtitleTools.com] Mystery.of.the.Lost.Pyramid.2020.WEB.h264-CAFFEiNE

Narrator: In the barren
desert of northern egypt

In an ancient royal cemetery.

Naunton: Oh goodness me.

Narrator: An astonishing
discovery has been made.

Naunton: It's quite a
moment to be here,

It's quite a weird feeling!

Narrator: Egyptian
archeologists have uncovered

A burial chamber that once
sat beneath a pyramid.

And it's still sealed
with a 10-ton capstone.

Naunton: This is a sort of once
in a lifetime opportunity.

Whatever's inside
might still be intact.

That's what you dream
about as an egyptologist.

Narrator: The chamber
is about to be opened

Naunton: This block is
definitely moving now.

Narrator: To reveal its
secrets for the first time

In almost 4,000 years.

Naunton: That's not
what I was expecting.

Narrator: What is inside?

And who was buried here?

Naunton: Whatever is inside
the burial chamber

Has the potential to
tell us huge amounts.

Narrator: Solving the mystery

Is a team of the world's
leading egyptologists.

El shazly: I think
of egyptian history

Or any history as a big puzzle.

Narrator: They will
hunt for parallels

In the nearby black pyramid.

Lehner: This is
not very secure.

Narrator: Never
before filmed,

What does it reveal
about our pyramid?

Lehner: We come onto
something really beautiful.

Narrator: And what
secrets will this startling

New discovery reveal
about one of egypt's

Most mysterious ages?

Dahshur, 15 miles
south of cairo,

It's one of egypt's most
mysterious royal graveyards.

Today only a handful
of pyramids survive.

But the remains of many more

Lie hidden beneath
the desert sands.

Egyptologist dr. Chris
naunton has spent his career

Hunting for these lost tombs.

He has come to dahshur
where egyptian archeologists

Have made a thrilling discovery.

Naunton: This is a pretty
exciting moment.

We're in this amazing
kind of lunar landscape.

This is the bent pyramid,
just slightly closer to us,

And what's known as the
red pyramid behind it.

But we're going to a much less
well-known part of the site,

Where something very
intriguing, to say the least,

Has been uncovered
just very recently.

Narrator: This crater was
the site of a large quarry

Until workers
stumbled upon blocks

Of finely cut limestone
buried deep in the sand.

Egypt's ministry of
antiquities began to excavate,

Revealing an ancient monument.

Naunton: We had no suspicion at
all that there was anything here

Up until this point.

And yet just in the last
few weeks and months

An entire archeological
site, stone built,

Has suddenly emerged
out of the ground.

There are some very large
blocks of limestone.

There are some mud
brick overlying this.

There's a strong possibility,

Straight away I
think we can say,

That this is a pyramid.

Narrator: It may not look
much like a pyramid now,

But this is just its base.

A mud brick structure
once stood on top,

Encased in brilliant
white limestone.

Naunton: This is the casing
stone for the pyramid.

Narrator: Over millennia
the valuable limestone

Was scavenged, leaving the
mud brick core to erode.

Naunton: In actual fact it was
always the subterranean elements

Of these monuments that
are the interesting parts.

Narrator: The mud
brick construction,

With a burial chamber
hidden in the rock beneath,

Was a new way of
building pyramids

Adopted in the middle kingdom.

500 years after the construction
of the great pyramid,

It stretched from
around 2030 to 1650 bc,

Before the reign of the new
kingdom boy king, tutankhamen.

Naunton: Oh, goodness me, ha.

I'm going to have to get
down and have a closer look

At this, I think.

Narrator: Excavations
have revealed a passage

That once led from the entrance
to deep under the pyramid.

Naunton: We've got these very
large blocks of limestone,

Which are very finely
cut and dressed.

They're also beautifully
angled to create this incline,

Which allows access
from the outside

Down into these lower
parts of the tomb

Via this quite
beautiful staircase.

It's really difficult not
to imagine those priests

And the other people
involved in those rituals

Leaving the monument
exactly this way.

Going out towards the
surface, sealing the tomb

And for this passageway
then never to have been

Entered ever again.

So, the tomb continues.

Narrator: The stairs lead
to an underground complex,

The heart of the pyramid.

Naunton: It's a little bit
difficult to say straight away.

Just looking at
these stones exactly,

Exactly where we
are at this point.

But it's difficult not to think

That we're heading towards
this massive chunk of granite.

These are covering
a cavity underneath

And that is where you might
expect there to be a burial.

Narrator: These huge
blocks are protecting

The only access to the chamber,

And any mummy and treasure
that may be hidden inside.

And unlike any other
pyramid found so far,

It still appears to be sealed.

Naunton: There's no obvious
point of entry for any robbers.

There's no sign of
the robbers have tried

To bash a hole through the side.

And of course, part of
the reason for choosing

Very large blocks of
a very heavy stone

Like granite or like quartzite

Was that they'd be
impossible to move.

Who knows, whatever is
inside might still be intact.

And that would be sensational.

This is a sort of a once
in a lifetime opportunity.

It doesn't happen that you
get to a site like this

And you get to uncover
something which potentially

Has been untouched for what
would be about 4,000 years.

Narrator: Egypt's
ministry of antiquity

Has granted permission
to raise the capstone

To reveal what lies within.

The operation is led by the
director-general of dahshur,

Archeologist adel okasha.

For adel and his team,
it's a unique find.

Okasha: We discovered more
than 100 pyramids in egypt.

I think there is not any pyramid
have intact burial chamber.

It's exciting.
Naunton: Very exciting.

Okasha: Yeah, very exciting.

Narrator: By the time
this tomb was built,

The egyptians had been
burying their dead in pyramids

For over a thousand years.

Naunton: The egyptians knew
by this point that

They had a devil of job

Trying to protect
their royal burials.

The whole point of this was
to make this impregnable.

Narrator: Weighing
some 10 tons,

The capstone is heavier
than they thought.

So they reinforce the crane.

Naunton: One of the things
that's really fascinating about

Seeing this, is
essentially a lot of guys,

A lot of rope and
then some sleds.

It's not very different
from the way the egyptians

Would have done this
4,000 years ago.

People have this idea that
egyptian funerary monuments,

It's all very quiet,
it's all very sacred.

It wasn't like that.

It wasn't like that.

When they were building
monuments, it was like this.

Narrator: Finally,
the stone begins to move.

The team are moments
away from seeing inside.

Naunton: A bit of an indiana
jones moment this.

To watch the
director of the site

With his head underneath
this massive block,

Which is just hanging
off these chains.

We've got so little evidence
of intact burials of any kind,

Particularly not of
royal individuals,

Particularly not
from this period.

I mean, just to read the name,

If it's there, just
to read the name

Of whoever it was who
was buried in here

Would be beyond exciting.

I think it would make me feel
as though I was, kind of,

Close to a pharaoh, if you like.

That's, that's what you dream
about as an egyptologist.

Narrator: The newly
discovered pyramid

Is about to reveal its secrets.

In dahshur, northern egypt,

Archeologists open a pyramid's
sealed burial chamber.

Finally, after three
days of effort,

The tomb gives up its secrets

For the first in
almost 4,000 years.

But what's inside is a shock.

Naunton: Oh goodness me!

Narrator: Its
contents are in disarray.

Naunton: There's a decorated
wooden box inside there,

And its position suggests
that it's not exactly

Where you would expect
it to have been.

There's a niche at the back.

Perhaps it's fallen down,
perhaps it's been disturbed.

There's also a lot of
debris on the ground

So it's going to
be a while I think

Before we can untangle
what's going on.

Narrator: The
archeologists hoped

To be unveiling treasure.

But now there's a
mystery to solve.

Naunton: It seems the burial
chamber was completely intact,

There was no way that
anybody could have got in

And everything should
be still in place.

And it's not, it's disturbed
and there are things missing.

Narrator: It's becoming
clear they've stumbled upon

An ancient crime scene.

Someone got here first and
robbed the burial chamber.

But could there still be a body?

Archeologist adel okasha begins
a forensic investigation.

Naunton: Whatever is inside
the burial chamber

Has the potential to
tell us huge amounts.

Narrator: First, they
shore up the 10-ton capstone

And protect themselves
against any ancient bacteria

That may be inside the tomb.

Carefully sifting through
the debris on the floor

They find their first clue.

Naunton: Looks a coffin lid.

Anthropoid coffin, human form.

Narrator: Anthropoid
coffins resemble the shape

And face of their occupant.

They were first adopted
during the middle kingdom.

But this coffin lid
is badly damaged.

Naunton: It looks like there's
lots of pieces coming out.

It may well be possible
to re-assemble more of it.

Narrator: They don't
see any signs of a mummy,

But there are bones, so
someone was buried here.

Naunton: This is a long way
away from an intact

Preserved human body.

But most pyramids
belong to pharaohs,

So your first assumption
would be it belongs to a king.

Narrator: Most intriguing
is the largest item.

A decorated wooden box.

Naunton: The box looks
like a canopic box.

Narrator: Once it
would have held four jars,

Each containing the
mummified lungs,

Stomach, intestines, and liver.

These are all missing.

But on the side of the box,

Traces of hieroglyphs may be
the archeologist's best shot

At solving the mystery.

Naunton: If they can be
read at all,

There's a good
chance we might find

The name of the owner.

I mean this would be crucial.

Potentially this is the
key to understanding

Who was buried here.

Okasha: Very exciting.

First impression, it's from
a member of the royal family.

I think we need more
study to be sure exactly

Who is inside this pyramid.

Narrator: With the
artifacts removed,

It's clear there are no
passageways or tunnels

Into the burial chamber.

The only way in is by
lifting the capstone.

And there's no evidence
it's been moved

Since the tomb was sealed.

Naunton: There are
two questions here

That we need to start
trying to answer.

One is who was buried here?

Who was this pyramid built for?

And then secondly, how
is it that an apparently

Completely sealed,
unbreeched burial chamber

Comes to have been disturbed?

Narrator: The
investigation begins in cairo

At the only wonder
of the ancient world

Still standing today.

The great pyramid of giza,

Built some 500 years before
the newly discovered pyramid

And over twice the size.

Lehner: The scale of the
job is just astounding to me.

Narrator: Renowned
egyptologist dr. Mark lehner

Is investigating
its construction.

What can it tell us about
the newly discovered pyramid

And how it was disturbed?

Lehner: The new pyramid
comes at the tail end

Of a great tradition
of pyramid building,

And the great pyramid of
khufu is the absolute pinnacle

And it was unsurpassed.

They never achieved this
magnificence and perfection

In any pyramid that followed.

Narrator: Like the
newly discovered pyramid,

It too was once cased in
brilliant white limestone.

Rather than a mud brick core,

It's built from over two
million blocks of stone.

But like every
other pyramid found,

The tomb raiders got here first.

Lehner: The ironic thing
about a pyramid is

It secures the
royal burial within,

And yet it's advertises that
the royal burial is right here.

So, why build pyramids at all?

Well we think that at this
time in egypt's history

The kings were becoming gods.

They were truly merging their
identity with that of the sun.

Now you see this pyramid
with all the casing stripped.

It looks rather dark and you see

The stepped stone of the core.

But when it was cased with
polished white limestone

The sunlight must have
been truly blinding

Off the pyramid
all during the day.

And so, in effect burying
the king within the pyramid

With its highly
reflective surface,

They are burying the
king in sunlight itself.

Narrator: The ancient
egyptians believed the pharaoh

Had to be laid to rest
with his treasures of gold

To take to the afterlife.

His body was preserved with
salt, embalmed in oils,

Covered with jewels,
and bound in linen.

Now the challenge was
protecting all these riches.

Lehner: They somehow had to
secure the body of the king

In the darkest,
deepest, dankest place

That they could create.

Narrator: While the
newly discovered pyramid

Had its burial
chamber underground,

In the great pyramid it
is high in its structure,

Reached by an ascending passage
known as the grand gallery.

Lehner: The grand gallery is
one of the most amazing

Architectural marvels in
the entire ancient world.

It's eight meters tall
with corbelled walls

That bring the
sides of the chamber

Into the same width above
as this passage down below.

Narrator: It
ends in a tunnel.

Like the newly
discovered pyramid,

It was once sealed with a stone.

Lehner: The king's chamber,
the heart of the pyramid,

Presumably where
they buried khufu.

Nobody was meant
to come in here.

This was never meant to be seen
once the pyramid was sealed.

But the only object we
have from khufu's burial

Is this granite sarcophagus.

Narrator: The first records
of khufu's burial chamber

Being opened are from
over a thousand years ago.

Just like our pyramid, the
mummy and treasure were missing.

Lehner: It happens
more than once

That we come into a royal tomb,

Newly discovered, it
seems perfectly sealed,

We open it and it's
not what we expect.

Narrator: At the great
pyramid there were no clues

As to what happened
to the treasure.

But at the newly
discovered pyramid,

The thieves left a
whole host of artifacts

For the team to analyze.

Just outside the entrance,
a new clue emerges.

An alabaster stone,
engraved with hieroglyphs.

Could it provide evidence
as to who was buried here?

Professor aidan dodson, an
expert in ancient texts,

Is examining the stone.

Dodson: It contains fairly
awfully written chunk

Of some standard
funerary inscriptions

And these inscriptions
include the cartouches,

Which are these ovals in which

An egyptian pharaoh's
names are written in.

And so, you've got a group of
three signs at the top there,

Which read amen.

Two signs which together read y.

And then at the bottom
you have two signs there

Which together read qemau.

King ameny qemau.

The problem is that
we already have

The pyramid of ameny qemau

Which was found
back in the 1950s,

About a mile away
from this pyramid.

So, the big question is what
on earth is this doing here?

Narrator: There is
one possible answer.

To fool tomb raiders,

Sometimes pharaohs
built decoy pyramids.

Lehner: It's almost like
in a motorcade.

You don't want people to know

In which car the
ruler is riding.

So, they built different
pyramids like a shell game.

You don't really
want people to know

Where the king is
actually buried.

Narrator: But in the
newly discovered pyramid,

There were bones.

So, someone was buried here.

Shards of wood found
on the tomb floor

Are about to reveal
their identity.

And change the course
of the investigation.

In cairo, egyptologist
dr. Yasmin el shazly

Is investigating the mystery
of a newly discovered pyramid.

El shazly: I think of egyptian
history or any history

As a big puzzle, and the
puzzle will never be complete,

But we keep finding pieces

And these pieces add
to the whole picture.

Narrator: Fragments of a
wood found in the burial chamber

Have been pieced together.

They form a coffin lid with
a beautifully carved face.

El shazly: Coffins normally had
features that were similar

To the owner, but idealized.

Because that's what they
would look like for eternity.

Why would you, why would I
want to look ugly for eternity?

Narrator: The
restoration has revealed

Something astonishing.

This isn't a king.

It is in fact a mystery woman.

El shazly: She's
wearing the hathor wig

That was very popular
during the middle kingdom,

And was only worn by women.

But why she was buried in
that pyramid is a mystery.

Narrator: The answer
may lie with another object

Found in her grave.

A chest, decorated
with hieroglyphs.

Could they reveal the
mystery woman's name?

El shazly: What's extremely
important about this chest

Is that we know that it
belonged to a princess,

Because here it says ,

Daughter of the king,

And then it would be
followed by the name.

Narrator: So the pyramid
belonged to a princess.

But who is she?

El shazly: The name is the
most damaged area,

Which is very frustrating.

The ancient egyptians
believed that the worst thing

You could possibly do to
anyone was erase their name.

If we managed to find her name

And say it again then she
would achieve immortality.

Narrator: It's not just
her name that's a mystery.

Discovering a princess in a
pyramid is highly unusual.

Dodson: This kind of pyramid
design is specific to a king.

It's not what you'd
expect a junior member

Of the royal family to be in.

Normally a princess would
simply have a shaft tomb

With a chamber at
the bottom of it.

Which makes the whole
thing a real mystery.

Narrator: To understand
more about the princess,

The team must investigate
the age she lived in,

Egypt's middle kingdom.

These models from the time give
us a window into her world.

Stretching from 2030 to 1650 bc,

It's known as egypt's
classical age.

It produced the first
historical novel

Called "the story of sinuhe."

And new techniques
of working with gold

To create the finest jewelry
of the ancient world.

Locked in cairo museum
are the treasures

Of another middle
kingdom princess.

El shazly: We have
here the crown of

Princess khnumet from dahshur.

It's made out of gold and
inlaid with semi-precious stones

And here at the front
you have a branch

With very, very intricate
leaves and flowers.

This necklace is very delicate

And very intricately decorated.

This for example is the
symbol of life, the ankh,

And this one, this is a
very famous amulet as well,

It's the eye of horus, that
helps protect the wearer.

The newly discovered tomb
probably contained material

Very similar to
this; a lot of gold.

Which is probably why it
would have been robbed

A long time ago.

Narrator: This
jewelry survived,

Because princess khnumet
was buried in a hidden tomb.

But our mystery
princess was buried

In her own personal pyramid,

Which suggests she could have
been of great importance.

Dodson: There is a parallel
when a princess was buried

In her own pyramid and this
was a princess who seems

To have been marked out
to be a potential heir

To the throne, but
died prematurely.

Narrator: Could our
princess have been lined up

To be a pharaoh?

If she had become ruler, her
name would have been listed

In one of the most important
documents for egyptologists,

The turin canon.

Dodson: It is a chronicle of
ancient egyptian kings

From the days of the gods

All the way through
to the 1300 bc.

However, it's all a
bit knocked around,

An awful lot of it's
missing unfortunately.

But fortunately,
this is the period

We are talking about here.

Narrator: Aidan
can find no records

Of a female pharaoh
in this section.

But an inscription at
the pyramid tells us

Her father is
pharaoh ameny qemau.

Dodson: Ameny qemau is
in this chunk here,

Which means in our terms

Somewhere in the first half
of the 18th century bc.

Narrator: This
means that ameny qemau,

And therefore our
mystery princess,

Lived towards the end
of the middle kingdom,

When the prosperous age
was coming to an end.

Famine and hunger were rife.

Naunton: We are getting towards
a very difficult time for egypt.

There were a series of
low niles, crop failures,

And that has tended
in egyptian history

To bring about turmoil
of other kinds.

In these circumstances
you can imagine people

Taking what
opportunities they could.

When you have burials
with precious objects,

Precious metals, tomb
robbery would become,

Perhaps, very appealing
to some people.

Narrator: Even
torture and execution

Wasn't enough deterrent.

So the newly discovered pyramid

Was built with the tightest
security of the age.

But how did thieves crack it?

In dahshur, northern egypt,

Dr. Chris naunton
is investigating

How thieves breached

The security of a newly
discovered pyramid.

Naunton: Err oh, this is a bit
of a surprise,

But very intriguing.

I'm just going to go in here.

Narrator: He's
examining two trenches

On either side of
the burial chamber.

Naunton: Every
archeologist's friend,

A mobile phone
with a torch on it.

You might think
that this would be

An obvious entry point
for a potential robber

Because this leads directly
to the burial chamber.

But if anyone did and
try and get in this way

They didn't get anywhere
because there's very solid wall

Of granite right in front of me.

My guess is that these may

Have been to do with lowering
the large granite stones in.

These were lowered into place
by this sand hydraulics.

Narrator: Sand
hydraulics was the ultimate

Ancient locking device.

First, they pushed the 10-ton
stone onto wooden props,

Which sat in stone
chimneys filled with sand.

To seal the tomb, they
removed plugs at the bottom.

Naunton: Which has the
effect of lowering

The final stone into place,

Perfectly in position
in such a way

As for it to be impossible
for it to be raised up again.

So, there is no
way that any robber

Would have taken the
lid off as it where,

Taken what they wanted and
then put it back in place

Nicely as if to say
nothing to see here.

So how can it be that the
burial came to be violated?

Narrator: The answer
could lie just a mile away,

At the black pyramid.

Its construction resembles
that of the princess's pyramid,

So may hold clues to
how it was looted.

Once it was clad with limestone,

But that's long gone, leaving
its mud-brick core to erode.

Lehner: Although today the
pyramid is this

Standing black tower

Surrounded by a slump of
disintegrated mud brick,

The substructure, the
interior, is truly amazing.

Narrator: Underground
lies the most complex

Labyrinth of the age.

But in the troubled
late middle kingdom

Even this was robbed.

How the thieves got in
will help solve the mystery

Of the newly discovered pyramid.

Lehner: So dr. Ayman--
dr. Ayman: Hello, doctor.

Lehner: We meet again.
Dr. Ayman: Nice to meet you.

How you are again?
Lehner: How's it looking?

Narrator: Dr. Mark lehner
has special permission

To explore it.

Lehner: So dr. Ayman,
it's okay to go in?

Dr. Ayman: Yes please, but take
care of the humidity,

And if you feel tired,
just take a rest.

Lehner: Take a rest,
all right, thank you,

Thank you so much.

Dr. Ayman: I'll be
waiting for you here.

Lehner: I will be back, I hope.

Thank you.

Narrator: This is
the first time cameras

Have ever been allowed inside.

Straight away it's clear
that the stone staircase

And limestone passages

Echo those at newly
discovered princess's pyramid.

But what other clues to
our mystery lie within?

Lehner: So I have to tell
you it's the first time

I've been down here in 36 years.

It's so humid.

The humidity and the
warmth here is astounding.

Narrator: The labyrinth
was built for the pharaoh

Amenemhet iii and his queens
in the 19th century bc.

Lehner: Well, we have a
number of choices.

There's a king's section.

And there's a queen's section.

So, I'm going to
try and figure out

What is the right turn to
get into the king's section.

Narrator: King
amenemhet's wing is situated

To the north of pyramid,

A bewildering system of
passageways and dead ends.

Lehner: He wants to make
it complicated

To confuse any would-be robbers

And to set them
off false trails.

To take them to dead ends.

To snare them in deep shafts.

They are trying
any number of ways

To secure the
king's royal burial.

Narrator: But the complexity
of the underground labyrinth

Came at a price.

Lehner: Everywhere you can see
the signs of structural failure.

You can see where stones
are literally buckling out.

You are looking at
cracks developing

As you're working,
,

Like these down the ceiling.

It must have truly
terrified the workers.

The burial chamber of the king,

I think is our next left turn.

Maybe, maybe, if I'm right.

So back here, entirely encased
in fine white limestone,

This beautiful
granite sarcophagus.

Here amenemhet would
have been buried.

At the northern end of the
sarcophagus, his two eyes.

When he was laid out as a mummy,

His two eyes could look
out towards the east,

The direction of the
rising sun forever.

Narrator: To the
west of the pyramid

Are the burial chambers
of amenemhet's two queens,

With their treasures
hidden separately

In the most remote
part of the labyrinth.

Lehner: This passage
is all clay,

It's all what they call tafl.

This is not very secure.

All this wood, the back
layer of wood is ancient.

It's cedar from lebanon to
ensure it doesn't collapse.

Narrator: When the
pyramid was first explored

In the 1970s, the
passages were filled

With massive blocks of stone.

This prevented the
corridors from collapsing

And once created an
impenetrable barrier

To the queen's most
precious possessions.

Lehner: At the end of this
narrow corridor we come on,

We come onto something
really beautiful.

Tucked away in another
nicely cased chamber,

Cased again with
beautiful limestone,

A polished alabaster box.

Narrator: Like the
mystery princess's pyramid,

The canopic chest is the
only treasure that remains.

Hers was made out of wood.

This one for a queen is made
from the finest alabaster.

Lehner: So beautiful the
alabaster, lustrous.

That when you put a light
in, it shines through.

Narrator: The complex
maze, empty tombs

And passages blocked with stones

Should have made this
pyramid impenetrable.

Yet, it was broken into.

So why didn't the security
measures stop thieves

Getting to the royal gold?

Lehner: One of the
reasons it didn't,

It looks like the
pyramids were robbed

Very soon after
they were closed.

And therefore, would
have been by those

Who actually knew
the mechanisms;

The ways underneath
and into the pyramid.

And so it's a saying that
its guard is its thief.

Narrator: Will this final
clue help solve the mystery

Of how the newly discovered
pyramid was raided?

Could this be an inside job?

A team of archeologists
have been investigating

The theft of treasure from
a newly discovered pyramid.

Dr. Chris naunton
is piecing together

All the evidence to solve
the ancient mystery.

How was the pyramid's sealed
burial chamber robbed?

Naunton: There was no way into
that burial chamber.

There's no evidence
of any point of entry,

So there's evidence
that robbers got in.

But the blocking stone was
lifted and inside was disturbed

And there were
things were missing.

Narrator: There was no
mummy but there were bones.

So, someone was buried here.

And, there were clues
to the owner's identity.

Naunton: Parts of a coffin of a
woman wearing a hathor wig.

We have a canopic chest,
series of inscriptions,

Enough to say we have
the daughter of a king,

And a fragment of
text was recovered

That gave us the name of
the pharaoh ameny qemau.

Narrator: The princess
lived 3,700 years ago,

A period of turmoil and unrest.

Having explored every
way in which her grave

Could have been robbed,

Chris is left with
just a single theory.

Naunton: There is
one possibility,

Which is that actually
the robbery occurred

Before that final
blocking stone came down.

So we can perhaps imagine

That the mummy of our
princess is ready,

High ranking priests
would be involved,

The rituals are performed

And them the final act would be

To inter the mummy
itself inside the tomb.

If there was a
robbery at this point,

It was performed with
the knowledge, at least,

Of some of those people who
were involved in the ceremony.

Narrator: In
these troubled times,

Even the most upstanding
and reverent priest

Could be turned to crime.

Naunton: I almost don't want
to think about that

Because it just
seems like too much

Of a crime against the
right way of doing things

For the egyptians.

But we are left with
no other explanation.

Narrator: They
took her treasures,

Smashed open her coffin,

And even defiled her mummy

To get at the precious
jewelry on her body,

Before sealing the
tomb for eternity.

Naunton: The final
great irony here

Is that the system
of sand hydraulics,

Which was intended to prevent
robbers from getting in,

Would also have prevented the
burial from being inspected.

This was the perfect crime.

And we only, thousands
of years later,

Come upon this crime scene
and it's only at this point

Anybody realizes oh goodness,
the tomb has been robbed.

Narrator: The ancient
egyptians buried pharaohs

In pyramids for over
a thousand years.

But the princess's tomb
was one of the very last

Royal pyramids to be built.

As the turmoil of the
middle kingdom ended

And the new kingdom began,

This great tradition
drew to a close.

From now on, pharaohs
would be buried

400 miles south of cairo in
the hidden valley of the kings.

Lehner: You didn't have this
tradition of every king

Building a massive pyramid.

Instead, the mountain
of thebes itself

Was the pyramid for the
new kingdom royal tombs.

All of which penetrated
the bedrock at the base

Of a kind of natural
pyramid called merit segar,

The lover of silence.

Narrator: Although
most of these tombs

Were also ransacked,

In 1922 the burial chamber

Of the pharaoh tutankhamen
was discovered,

Laden with treasures of gold.

At last the tomb raiders
had been thwarted.

In dahshur, the pyramids
were left to crumble.

And the mystery
princess's name was lost.

For the ancient egyptians

This was the worst
thing that could happen.

El shazly: If your name is gone
and nobody remembers it

And it's never said again, and
it's erased from monuments,

It's like you've never existed.

Narrator: The team
are trying one more time

To read the name on
her canopic chest.

Okasha: Here, nyet,
the goddess nyet.

Narrator: Using the
latest imaging techniques,

Adel okasha deciphers the
badly damaged hieroglyphs

To reveal her name for the first
time in almost 4,000 years.

Okasha: This is the python
,

That means the daughter
of the king, the princess.

And the name ,

Hatshepsut.

Narrator: This
is a revelation.

There are no records of this

Newly discovered
princess hatshepsut.

Yet she was important enough

To have been buried
in her own pyramid.

El shazly: When I'm looking
at her I'm imagining

The woman who was
buried in this coffin,

And it's amazing.

Narrator: Now we
can say her name.

Princess hatshepsut has
finally achieved immortality.