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Ivan the Terrible

Part two The Boyars' Plot

Written and directed by Sergei Eisenstein

This story about Ivan the Terrible

the founder of the Tsardom of Muscovy

tells of his struggle against the foes of Russian unity

In the role of Ivan the Terrible

Nikolai Cherkasov

The Oprichniki:

Malyuta Skuratov: Mikhail Zharov

Alexei Basmanov: Amvrosy Buchma

His son, Fyodor Basmanov: Mikhail Kuznetsov

Philip, Metropolitan of Moscow and of all the Russians

Andrei Abrikosov

Pimen, the Archbishop of Novgorod

Alexander Mgebrov

Pyotr Volynets: Vladimir Balashov

Efrosinia Staritskaya, the Tsar's aunt

Serafima Birman

Her son, Vladimir Staritsky: Pavel Kadochnikov

Prince Andrei Mikhailovich Kurbsky: Mikhail Nazvanov

Sigismund, King of Poland: Pavel Massalsky

It is the year fifteen hundred and sixty-four

the year in which the Tsar formed his special bodyguard

the Oprichniki

The year in which Tsar Ivan withdrew to Alexandrov

The year in which the people organized a procession

to beg the Tsar to return

The year in which Prince Kurbsky

committed the base treachery of surrendering

the Russian armies to the Poles

and transferred his allegiance to King Sigismund

There are certain defeats that are more resounding

than victories

The defeat of my Russian army near Revel

will spark off the revolt

Tsar Ivan has fled the wrath of the boyars

and taken refuge in Alexandrov

The Moscow boyars, the Kolychevs,

have managed to get some messages through

The Tsar is assailed on every side

like a baited bear

The boyars are seething with revolt:

The Tsar will fall without a blow being struck

and the throne of Moscow

will be free for a new Tsar well-disposed towards Poland

God in his wisdom decreed that Lithuania, Poland

and the Baltic States should serve as the outposts of Europe

in order that the civilized nations of the West

might be protected from the Muscovite barbarians

They say the Muscovites eat children alive

Russian soil is fertile. The herds are well-fed

The sub-soil conceals inexhaustible riches

Of course, the Russians have to be kept down

But a strong man on the throne of Moscow would shatter

the most cherished dreams of all the European sovereigns

We need the dim-witted Vladimir Staritsky

We must support the rebel boyars

The solitary reins of absolute power must be wrenched

from the Tsar and returned to the feudal princes

We must destroy the unity of Ivan's Russia

Once that has been done,

the Christian kings will embark on a new crusade

We will force the Muscovite to serve the West

We will drive the Russians out of Europe

and force them back to their Asian steppes

Hurrah! Hurrah! Hurrah!

Tsar Ivan is on his way back to Moscow!

So I've caught you!

You didn't expect me back, eh?

You were delighted by the Tsar's departure!

You've shown yourselves for what you are - traitors!

The rogues

They wanted to govern the land themselves!

Alright, if that's what you want!

From now I'll give you land to govern!

I'll give you land

But as the widower

I shall keep the widower's portion

the towns along our borders. From there

I will watch over the security of the State

and guard the integrity of Russian frontiers

And I shall stamp out treason!

I have no confidence in you boyars

Therefore as God created man in his own image

so I have created men in mine. They will carry out my orders

and only they will enjoy my confidence

that is why I have christened them Oprichniki

These plans come not from God

but from the devil

He who defies ancestral traditions

shall not remain sovereign for long

Fyodor Kolychev!

Say no more

Why are you so severe with me, Fyodor Kolychev?

Why, my good friend, are you so cruel?

You should really pity me!

I am not Kolychev, I am Philip the monk

I carry out the will of God not the designs of the Tsar

Listen

Ever since I was a child

The boyars showed their hatred of the Grand Duke of Moscow

After my father's death

My mother was killed

They have poisoned me!

Ah! I am dying!

My son!

They have killed me!

Watch out for poison!

Beware of the boyars!

Elena Glinskaya is dead

That's how I came to be an orphan, alone and abandoned

whilst the boyars governed in my name and

handed over Russian territory to foreign enslavement

Ivan Vasilievich, Grand Duke of Moscow

has graciously ratified a commercial treaty

and agrees to pay duties for the transit of goods via the Baltic

to the great Hanseatic League of the German merchant towns

The Grand Duke of Moscow has reconsidered his decision

He has concluded the treaty with the Order of Livonian Knights

Someone has certainly been lining Shuisky's pockets

The Hansa!

It was the Boyar Council's decision

The Grand Duke is free to annul the council's decisions

But he has pledged his word

The Grand Duke is the sole arbiter of his word

He gives it or rescinds it as he pleases

It is the Grand Duke's will which constitutes the law

But the will of the Grand Duke

is to conclude a treaty with the Hansa

The Grand Duke's will is to concede the privileges

to the Livonian Order

The Grand Duke's will is law!

We must pay the Hansa!

No, we'll pay the Livonians!

The Hansa will be more profitable to the State!

You mean more profitable to yourself!

And you have been bribed by the Livonians!

The money must go to the Hansa!

We'll pay the Livonians

We will pay no one!

We're not obliged to pay

The coastal towns were built by our ancestors

Those lands are our inheritance; they must be returned to Moscow

Who would be fool enough to give them back?

Anything that falls off the back of a wagon is lost

If they won't return them voluntarily

we shall take them back by force

By force?

And where will we find this force?

You have wasted Russia's strength

it has been frittered away by the boyars

O Lord! I'll die laughing

Take it off

Off, I say

Get off my mother's bed!

My mother, who was murdered by you, you dogs!

A dog, am I?

Well your mother was a bitch

She used to sleep with that dog Telepnev

No one even knows who your father was!

Race of dogs!

Seize him!

Seize him!

The leading boyar handed over to the kennelmen!

I shall reign alone! Without the boyars!

I will be Tsar!

Now... I hold great power

The people support me

My personal guard form an iron ring around me

My enemies are kept at bay

But I have no close friends

God refuses me the sweet consolations of friendship

On whose shoulders can I rest my head?

With whom can I share my joys and sorrows?

I am alone, abandoned

I had a single close friend- Anastasia

She has left me

I had a friend, Kurbsky

He has betrayed me

No, not just myself... but our great cause

I don't fear the trouble-makers

I don't fear the sword, poison or betrayal

I fear not for myself

But I tremble for our great cause

A new cause, on which one had hardly embarked

There is no higher destiny than to reign

according to ancient traditions

As our ancestors did. Pay heed to the boyars

Share your authority with them

You lie, monk!

These are old wives' tales!

You reject the counsel of your spiritual guide? Very well!

Remain alone!

Condemned, accursed... and alone!

It is no longer the Tsar who pleads with you

but a friend crushed by the burden of authority

Don't leave me in my isolation. Stay with me

Help me to re-establish Russian power

And for this accept the office

of Metropolitan Bishop of Moscow

Will you allow me the right to plead

in favor of those you accuse?

I never accuse the innocent

Wait!

Very well. It shall be as you say

Why give the bishop such power over you?

Why let yourself be humiliated by an ignorant priest?

None of your business, dog!

I know I am a dog... But a faithful dog

You are wrong, Tsar, to prefer a priest to a dog

I know, you want friendship

You languish without friendship

For friendship you are ready to bow at his feet

Do you not see that Philip has only one idea:

To conceal your enemies under his own skirts?

A friend, eh?

He's hardly worth more than Kurbsky!

You dare pronounce that name

Ah! I know you love Kurbsky!

It's not his treachery which wounds you

It's the loss of a friend!

You don't sleep at night!

Hold your tongue, dog!

You don't show any gratitude or affection

to those who are loyal to you,

who'd give their lives for you,

who carry the weight of your power on their strong shoulders

My power is carried by the shoulders of the people

and their will is my strength

I hear the voice of God through them

and I carry out His holy designs

Tsar, I beg you, don't let the priest do as he pleases.

Don't trust anyone. You hold the power. Use it!

I understand. You've given your word to the priest

You've made him promises

You can't go back on your word

I understand

So we must see that the Tsar's word is respected

and wipe out the traitors too

It's just going back on your word that worries you, isn't it?

There is a way out... use a cat's paw

No, a red-headed dog - me, Malyuta

I'll take the Tsar's sins on my shoulders

I'll give my soul for the Tsar

I'll go to hell if need be, but I'll keep the Tsar's word

What does the hound do when the game tries to go to earth?

Flies straight as an arrow to the lair

He outwits it... heads it off

outruns it

Outstrip the priest? Is that what you're suggesting?

So he won't have time to double back?

You'd give your soul for the Tsar!

Eh, dog?

You complain the Tsar doesn't spoil you?

Be off with you!

Do what you have to do. By God's will, be judge and executioner

And to outstrip the priest

We'll start on some of his distant relatives, the Kolychevs

Kolychevs are untamed, but we'll tame them!

By what right do you set yourself as a judge, Tsar Ivan?

By what right do you wield the sword of justice?

Let me not drink of this cup

You cannot avoid it... Even though some cups contain poison!

The cup?

The goblet

They poisoned her!

They poisoned my sweetheart!

Who gave the fatal goblet to the Tsarina?

She received it from my own hands!

And who gave it to you?

Efrosinia!

Efrosinia?

Is it possible? The Tsar's aunt?

My own blood relation?

Silence! Not a word of your suspicions to anyone

until I have ferreted out the truth. Come!

In the name of the Father, the Son and the Holy Ghost

Our Sovereign Ivan Vasilievich

Tsar and Grand Duke of all the Russians

has pronounced these boyars

of the Kolychev family to be traitors

the aforementioned boyars having been in communication

with the king of Poland, with the aim

of submitting to foreign domination

Ivan Vasilievich, Tsar of all the Russians

has condemned them to be beheaded for high treason

Too few!

By God's power invested in you, bring the Tsar to heel

I charge you to excommunicate him

I shall return to my monastery

You daren't. If you don't bring the Tsar to heel

you will answer for it before God!

Ah! My lord!

I ask for justice against the Tsar, and protection

I ask that the boyars' cause be defended

No, I do not ask, my lord, I demand!

That's not all I'm demanding

I demand that the Tsar be humbled

I do not ask,

I demand!

God be my witness

It is not for myself

nor for the members of my family who have been executed

that I take up the sword. It is on behalf of the boyars

Justice must be done against the Tsar

Beneath my priestly robes beats the heart of a Kolychev!

And a Kolychev who is a prince of the Church!

Even the Tsar can do nothing against the Church

Come tomorrow to the cathedral!

I shall humble the Tsar

I shall crush him with the weight of the Church

God be praised

Mother... What's the story of the fiery furnace?

The story tells how a heavenly angel led three youths

called Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego

out of the fiery furnace of Babylon

into which a ferocious heathen Tsar, Nebuchadnezzar,

had thrown them

Now, there are no such angels

Innocent, we were flung into the burning, fiery furnace

lit by the Chaldeans

for having disobeyed the heathen Tsar

Chaldean! Hey! Chaldean!

What is it?

Is this the Tsar's work?

The Tsar's!

They disobeyed the Tsar?

They disobeyed!

So, we are going to hurl them into the burning, fiery furnace!

We are given into

the hands of lawless princes

wretched apostates

into the hands of an unjust Tsar

who is the wickedest in the world

With her staff

the old lady... Hands off the Tsar's aunt!

She's Tsarina in her own house!

So she slapped your faces, you and your henchmen!

I recognize the family spirit right enough!

Perhaps this is the right moment

to polish off the Staritskys with one blow

They've opposed the Tsar's will!

It is not for you, Alexei, to tell the Tsar what to do

Not for you, Fyodor

to raise your hand against the Tsar's family

No harm shall come to Efrosinia

as long as she calls herself the Tsar's aunt

and does not claim to become the mother of a Tsar

a Tsar who submits to the boyars

As for you, Basmanovs... learn to keep your place!

And the poisoned goblet... have you forgotten that?

Be quiet

Be quiet, Fyodor! Don't mention that grave charge!

God grant it was not she who was guilty!

Why, shameless Chaldeans

do you serve a lawless Tsar?

Why, bewitched Chaldeans

do you serve a devilish, blaspheming and despotic Tsar?

Why do you torment us with fire?

Why do you burn us?

And now, bear witness to a miracle

The terrestrial lord will be humbled

by the Lord of Hosts

The Tsar of all the Russians begs your blessing

I do not recognize the Orthodox Tsar in his pagan actions!

In what way, monk, do my actions concern you?

Your actions are those of a bloodthirsty beast!

Silence, Philip. If you question my sovereignty

you will incur my anger!

Now bear witness to a miracle

The terrestrial lord will be humbled

by the Lord of Hosts

Ivan, like Nebuchadnessar, you cast

those who are close to you into the fire

But the avenging angel will descend from heaven

and free them from their prison

Silence, Philip!

Submit to the authority of the Church, Ivan!

Repent!

Dissolve the Oprichnina before it's too late!

Ivan... dissolve the Oprichnina before it is too late!

Silence!

Mother, is that the terrible and godless Tsar?

Mother, it is the terrible and godless Tsar!

It is her, Fyodor! It is her

From now on I will be just what you say I am!

I will be Terrible!

Philip has been arrested

He's been forbidden to go back to the monastery

He'll be given a savage trial

He will be condemned

In the old days

they would have handed Philip over to us for trial

We'd never have let him be humiliated

It's no good living in the past. We must find a solution

There is no solution

There is a solution. Just one

The last

Kill the Tsar

Either kill the Tsar or lay our own heads on the block

But who will do it?

Only the pure in heart would be worthy of carrying out

so elevated a mission!

Pyotr Volynets

I consecrate this mission to you

Come, my brothers

embrace for the last time

God's servant, Peter, who lately dwelt among us

He has vowed himself to the grave

He will repose beneath a cold slab

He is entering into the shades

He bids farewell to friends and relations

He will lie with the dead

He confiscated Church property

We will exterminate the beast!

We must save Philip, because he has incurred Ivan's wrath

for our sake

That will depend on Philip's judges

Who will preside at the Tribunal?

To whom must we send our gold, plate and furs?

It is I who will preside at the tribunal

That means he's saved!

That means he's lost!

Philip is more useful to our cause as a martyr

A corpse, a martyr

a saint is more valuable to our struggle

A dead man... A saint is invincible, even for the Tsar!

His cowl is white, but his soul is black

Why are you always trying to make a leader of me, mother?

Why do you want to sacrifice me?

A black beaver was bathing In the river

In the frozen Moscow River

He didn't wash himself cleaner He only got blacker

Having taken his bath, the beaver

Went off to the capital's High hill

To dry himself, Shake himself and look around

To see if anyone was coming to look for him

The hunters whistle Searching out the black beaver

The hunters follow the scent They will find the black beaver

They want to catch and skin the beaver

And with its fur then to adorn A kingly mantle

In order to array

Tsar Vladimir!

I'd suffer the pangs of your birth a hundred times over

for you to ascend the throne

To see you seated on the Tsar's throne!

Take the crown

Take the collar!

I've always been frightened of blood!

You won't have to shed it. That will be Pyotr's job!

Yes... but after

to be haunted by remorse for the rest of my life

always seeing him wherever I go, enduring his silent reproaches

Whatever else you need fear - it's not that

When the throne is yours, you will punish the regicide

and others, too

A sovereign should not stray from the path of righteousness

if he can help it

but he must be prepared

to tread the path of evil if necessary

Our great sovereign offers you a cup of wine

Moreover our great sovereign

invites his cousin Vladimir Andreyevich to the royal table

The hand of God!

Our cause prospers!

You will accompany Pyotr to the banquet

And don't forget to wear your new kaftan

I'll remind him!

The hand of God!

Our cause prospers!

It's empty!

Holla! Holla!

Faster! Faster!

Bravo! Bravo!

Ah, Brother Vladimir, you don't love me

You don't care that I am so alone,

that I'm just a poor, abandoned orphan whom no one pities

It's not right for the Tsar to fraternize with the landowners

and above all not with the Staritskys!

It is not for you, Alexei to teach the Tsar his business

nor to raise your hand against the Tsar's relations

But it was you who taught me to weed them out

The Tsar's connections outshine all other connections

As the celestial tamarind outshines homely oak

Aren't we the new forest growing about you?

I don't hack down oaks to make room for wretched aspens

Don't touch the Tsar's relations!

The ties of blood are sacred!

Aren't we who are closest to you bound to you by other blood-

blood which has been shed?

You're no relation of mine

You are my slaves

I raised you from the dust to crush the boyar traitors

I express my will through you

Your function is to serve me, not to teach me how to behave

Keep to your place, Basmanovs!

You are beginning to catch the boyars' sickness

You are beginning to get ideas about rank

Would you like to put yourself beside the Tsar?

I've sworn never to fraternize with the boyars

nor with the landowners

I am alone,

a poor orphan

No one loves or pities me!

The guests have assembled In the courtyards of the boyars

In the courtyards of the boyars

The axes skim the necks of the boyars

The axes, the axes

Come along! Come along!

What happens next? What happens next?

Come on, tell us more

Come on, tell us more

Strike with the axes

The gates have split down the middle

Down the middle

The golden goblets pass from hand to hand

From hand to hand

Come along. Come along

What happens next? What happens next?

Come on, tell us more, Come on, tell us more

Strike with the axes!

Oh, you are wrong, Tsar of all the Russians

- you have friends. - I haven't one.

- Yes, you have! - Don't lie.

- I'm not lying. - Then who is my friend?

- Well, me for one. - I don't believe you!

I swear it!

Don't swear it. Prove it by your actions!

I will prove it!

And when the guests are parting Having drunk their fill

Drunk their fill

They set fire to the castle

Set fire to the castle

Come along. Come along

What happens next? What happens next?

Come on, tell us more, Come on, tell us more

Strike with the axes!

What is Archbishop Pimen's man doing amongst the servants?

Pimen assigned him to the service of Vladimir Andreyevich

You lie... You won't prove anything!

I will... I will prove it to you!

You sit here celebrating

and you don't even know some people want you out of the way

- Is that so? - I swear it!

And who do they want in my place?

You'd never guess!

I said to her: Who'd want to be Tsar?

Plots... executions

As for me... I'm just a peaceful man; all I ask of life is to

drink and live in peace

Indeed, who'd want to be Tsar?

The task is a heavy one!

That's exactly what I said

Why do I want to be Tsar? But she insists

Take it... take the crown

Take the collar!

Take the collar... Take the crown

Take it!

Take it! Why not? Take it, cousin!

Bring the Tsar's regalia!

He likes it,

this lackey of the Poles!

The farce is over

Enough of this ungodly revelry!

Brothers, let's address ourselves to the Almighty!

Let us think upon our last hour!

Awake, my soul, Awake

Lead us to the cathedral!

A Tsar does not draw back

The Tsar is always first to enter!

Ivan is no more!

Good people, look!

Ivan is no more!

The brute is dead!

Russia shall flourish under a boyar Tsar! Vladimir!

Holy Mother of God...

No!

Torture me!

Execute me!

You'll never make me speak!

I won't give anyone away

Why are you holding him?

It was not the Tsar he killed... only the fool!

Let him go

And it was not only a fool he killed

but the Tsar's worst enemy!

My grateful thanks!

As for her

They want to catch

and skin a beaver

And with its fur then to adorn

A kingly mantle for... for...

Tsar Vladimir

As for her...

A black beaver was bathing...

I swear before God to accomplish

in Russia, my royal mission

to purge the Motherland of her savage enemies

to shed with my own hands the blood of the guilty

without mercy, either to myself or others

For the sake of the great land of Russia

A Tsar must always weigh and assess

Mercy and gentleness for the good

Cruelty and torment for the wicked

A Tsar who hesitates in this will never make a Tsar!

Today in Moscow, we have struck down

the enemies of Russian unity

My hands are free!

From now on the sword of justice shall flash against those

who dare to oppose from without the greatness of Russian might

We will not let Russia be abused!

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