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Narrator: Four huge scaffolds
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00:00:05,840 --> 00:00:08,707
Dominating
a remote alaskan mountain.
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00:00:08,709 --> 00:00:12,444
Meigs: These structures don't
look super technological.
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00:00:12,446 --> 00:00:14,747
They're like giant billboards.
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00:00:14,749 --> 00:00:17,483
But, they were part of what was,
in its day,
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00:00:17,485 --> 00:00:20,452
The most sophisticated
technology we had.
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00:00:23,024 --> 00:00:25,491
Narrator:
A war-torn ruin, left standing
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00:00:25,493 --> 00:00:29,028
In the shadow of north korea.
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00:00:29,030 --> 00:00:31,463
Nusbacher:
If you went into the building,
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00:00:31,465 --> 00:00:33,932
You would, quite possibly,
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00:00:33,934 --> 00:00:35,634
Come out in a box.
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00:00:35,636 --> 00:00:38,170
And if you came out upright,
13
00:00:38,172 --> 00:00:42,207
You might come out
shattered beyond sanity.
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00:00:44,178 --> 00:00:47,179
Narrator: A medieval castle
that became the playground
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00:00:47,181 --> 00:00:49,181
Of a vengeful killer.
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00:00:49,183 --> 00:00:52,017
Auerbach: So, either
the bloody countess
17
00:00:52,019 --> 00:00:56,388
Was a stone-cold mass murderer
of young girls,
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00:00:56,390 --> 00:01:00,592
Or she was a powerful,
but innocent woman,
19
00:01:00,594 --> 00:01:03,629
Framed by her
unscrupulous rivals.
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00:01:03,631 --> 00:01:09,735
♪
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00:01:09,737 --> 00:01:12,404
Decaying relics,
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00:01:12,406 --> 00:01:15,707
Ruins of lost worlds,
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00:01:15,709 --> 00:01:18,444
Forged through years of toil,
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00:01:18,446 --> 00:01:21,747
Now haunted by the past.
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00:01:21,749 --> 00:01:25,717
Their secrets waiting
to be revealed.
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00:01:27,955 --> 00:01:30,923
-- Captions by vitac --
www.Vitac.Com
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Captions paid for by
discovery communications
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♪
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Narrator:
Slovakia in central europe,
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60 miles from the capital city.
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Here lies a castle and the scene
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00:01:45,706 --> 00:01:49,208
Of one of the bloodiest scandals
of 17th century europe.
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Barratt:
Looking up onto the hillside,
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00:01:55,116 --> 00:01:57,483
Clearly, man has made
its mark here
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00:01:57,485 --> 00:02:02,054
In a very fortified,
defensive kind of way.
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00:02:02,056 --> 00:02:05,023
Auerbach: It doesn't seem big
enough to be a fort
37
00:02:05,025 --> 00:02:06,725
And, dare I say it,
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00:02:06,727 --> 00:02:09,962
It's not grand enough
to be a palace.
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00:02:09,964 --> 00:02:13,098
Narrator: Two towers loom
over the grounds.
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00:02:13,100 --> 00:02:16,702
One leads into
a 10-foot-deep pit.
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00:02:16,704 --> 00:02:17,970
Auerbach: It's a hole
in the ground.
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00:02:17,972 --> 00:02:21,039
It looks like a dungeon.
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00:02:21,041 --> 00:02:22,875
Narrator:
The other tower is reduced
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00:02:22,877 --> 00:02:25,744
To just one perilous
standing wall.
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00:02:25,746 --> 00:02:27,880
Barratt: This isn't just nature
that's destroyed this.
46
00:02:27,882 --> 00:02:31,583
There's been some kind of
deliberate effort to.
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00:02:31,585 --> 00:02:34,219
Narrator: The perimeter walls,
lined with canon battlements,
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Suggest a violent past.
49
00:02:36,524 --> 00:02:39,491
Auerbach: If you're expecting
uninvited guests,
50
00:02:39,493 --> 00:02:41,293
This is the perfect spot to be.
51
00:02:41,295 --> 00:02:45,063
It looks like it's ready
for an attack.
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00:02:45,065 --> 00:02:48,267
Narrator: The events that took
place here became folklore,
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00:02:48,269 --> 00:02:49,768
Then legend --
54
00:02:49,770 --> 00:02:52,938
A reminder that history
is written by the victors.
55
00:02:56,877 --> 00:02:58,877
It's the year 1610
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00:02:58,879 --> 00:03:01,380
And echoing
from the basement of the castle
57
00:03:01,382 --> 00:03:04,449
Are the most blood
curdling screams.
58
00:03:04,451 --> 00:03:07,219
Young women are suffering
unbearable torture
59
00:03:07,221 --> 00:03:08,887
At the hands of a psychopath.
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00:03:14,428 --> 00:03:16,795
Narrator: Marcela bednarova
grew up hearing
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The stories of the castle.
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00:03:33,547 --> 00:03:35,047
Selwood: The girls were made
to stand naked
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In the cold cellar for days.
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00:03:37,518 --> 00:03:39,251
Auerbach: The rumors surrounding
this place
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00:03:39,253 --> 00:03:42,054
Are extremely disturbing,
66
00:03:42,056 --> 00:03:45,524
And we don't know
exactly what happened here,
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00:03:45,526 --> 00:03:47,993
But everyone who knows something
about this place
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00:03:47,995 --> 00:03:52,331
Agrees that it was terrible.
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00:03:52,333 --> 00:03:55,534
Narrator:
This is cachtice castle,
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00:03:55,536 --> 00:03:57,736
Originally built
in the 13th century
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00:03:57,738 --> 00:04:00,973
To defend the border
of the hungarian empire.
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00:04:00,975 --> 00:04:03,342
For generations,
the castle was traded
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00:04:03,344 --> 00:04:07,412
Between warring noble families
until 1604
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00:04:07,414 --> 00:04:10,015
When a countess
called elizabeth báthory
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00:04:10,017 --> 00:04:13,352
Changed the castle
and the town forever.
76
00:04:15,923 --> 00:04:18,523
When elizabeth,
in her early 40s as a widow,
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00:04:18,525 --> 00:04:20,525
Moved full-time into the castle,
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00:04:20,527 --> 00:04:23,629
She must've appeared
unbelievably glamorous
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00:04:23,631 --> 00:04:25,864
To the local villagers
with their hard lives.
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00:04:25,866 --> 00:04:30,168
She had this sort of youthful
glow about her.
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00:04:30,170 --> 00:04:33,972
Narrator:
Elizabeth inherited the castle
upon the death of her husband,
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00:04:33,974 --> 00:04:37,242
A member of
the powerful nádasdy family.
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00:04:37,244 --> 00:04:39,878
She inherited all of his
property and suddenly,
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00:04:39,880 --> 00:04:43,615
She was the head
of a wealthy, noble household,
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00:04:43,617 --> 00:04:47,085
Possibly one of the most
powerful single women
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In hungary at the time
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In a period when women
were largely treated
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As second-class citizens.
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00:04:53,961 --> 00:04:56,395
Narrator:
As countess of cachtice,
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00:04:56,397 --> 00:04:59,464
Elizabeth invited young women
into these rooms
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00:04:59,466 --> 00:05:02,501
To sweep the floors
and cook her meals.
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00:05:02,503 --> 00:05:04,503
Barratt: In her 40s, she's there
93
00:05:04,505 --> 00:05:06,638
Offering a school, basically,
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00:05:06,640 --> 00:05:09,341
For other young noblewomen.
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00:05:09,343 --> 00:05:11,510
It wasn't uncommon.
It was a normal thing to do --
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00:05:11,512 --> 00:05:13,745
To go and live
with another family
97
00:05:13,747 --> 00:05:15,247
And learn how to housekeep,
98
00:05:15,249 --> 00:05:19,151
How to prepare for marriage
and life ahead.
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00:05:19,153 --> 00:05:22,554
Narrator: But events were about
to show the true cruelty
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00:05:22,556 --> 00:05:25,757
Of the 17th century
hungarian nobility.
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00:05:25,759 --> 00:05:27,693
Auerbach:
Rumors started to circulate --
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The girls
who went to cachtice castle
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Didn't always come back.
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Narrator:
On December 29, 1610,
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A squad of soldiers
stormed through the castle gate
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00:05:40,941 --> 00:05:42,374
And searched the grounds.
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00:06:00,894 --> 00:06:02,527
Selwood:
One of them was already dead,
108
00:06:02,529 --> 00:06:04,963
But the other still had
just enough life force
109
00:06:04,965 --> 00:06:09,034
To point the finger
at her killer, elizabeth.
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00:06:11,071 --> 00:06:14,639
Narrator:
The young widow may have been
a woman in a man's world,
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00:06:14,641 --> 00:06:18,343
But she also had
a reputation for barbarism.
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00:06:18,345 --> 00:06:20,812
Auerbach: It's said that she
physically hurt her students
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00:06:20,814 --> 00:06:22,848
For minor infractions,
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00:06:22,850 --> 00:06:26,585
Like folding the sheets wrong
or spilling water,
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00:06:26,587 --> 00:06:30,155
Even for just looking at her
the wrong way.
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00:06:30,157 --> 00:06:32,858
Barratt:
The punishments ranged --
well, the stories say --
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00:06:32,860 --> 00:06:36,661
Everything from just
a slap around the face
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00:06:36,663 --> 00:06:38,563
To drawing blood,
119
00:06:38,565 --> 00:06:41,400
And then it got more
and more gruesome.
120
00:06:41,402 --> 00:06:45,137
Supposedly, she would prick them
with sewing needles.
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00:06:45,139 --> 00:06:47,639
She bit them
until she drew blood.
122
00:06:47,641 --> 00:06:48,874
She smeared honey on them
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00:06:48,876 --> 00:06:51,676
And exposed them
to bees and ants.
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00:06:51,678 --> 00:06:54,312
Cut them with scissors.
125
00:06:54,314 --> 00:06:57,082
Scald them with hot metal bars.
126
00:06:57,084 --> 00:07:00,986
Leaving girls out in the cold
to freeze to death.
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00:07:00,988 --> 00:07:03,255
Narrator: And one of her
most notorious acts
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00:07:03,257 --> 00:07:05,624
Happened inside
the castle's dungeon.
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00:07:25,345 --> 00:07:27,112
Auerbach: The girls were made
to stand naked
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00:07:27,114 --> 00:07:29,080
In the cold cellar for days.
131
00:07:29,082 --> 00:07:30,415
When they were let out,
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00:07:30,417 --> 00:07:33,919
Some of them
could barely even walk,
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00:07:33,921 --> 00:07:35,754
And they were killed
very soon afterwards.
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00:07:37,691 --> 00:07:39,257
Selwood:
It's said that elizabeth báthory
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00:07:39,259 --> 00:07:41,893
Killed up to 600 young girls.
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00:07:41,895 --> 00:07:44,596
She literally has a guinness
world record for it.
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00:07:46,500 --> 00:07:49,434
Narrator: The rumors
of elizabeth's savagery
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00:07:49,436 --> 00:07:53,672
Go all the way back
to her childhood.
139
00:07:53,674 --> 00:07:57,676
She came from a family
notorious for its alcoholism,
140
00:07:57,678 --> 00:08:01,279
Incest, and sexual deviancy.
141
00:08:01,281 --> 00:08:05,150
When she was young, she suffered
from terrible migraines,
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00:08:05,152 --> 00:08:09,421
Which her family diagnosed
as demonic possession.
143
00:08:09,423 --> 00:08:14,326
It's said that she even bathed
in the blood of her victims.
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00:08:14,328 --> 00:08:17,562
That might explain
the youthful complexion.
145
00:08:17,564 --> 00:08:20,165
Narrator: With the finger
pointed at the countess,
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00:08:20,167 --> 00:08:22,767
The soldiers arrested elizabeth.
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00:08:22,769 --> 00:08:25,370
She was tried and banished
to her castle tower
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00:08:25,372 --> 00:08:27,339
For the rest of her days.
149
00:08:27,341 --> 00:08:30,842
The tyranny of the
bloody countess was over.
150
00:08:33,313 --> 00:08:35,981
But not everything
is as it seems
151
00:08:35,983 --> 00:08:39,084
In this grim fairytale.
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00:08:41,088 --> 00:08:48,093
♪
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00:08:48,095 --> 00:08:50,328
Narrator:
In 17th century hungary,
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00:08:50,330 --> 00:08:52,864
A countess
is imprisoned for murder,
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00:08:52,866 --> 00:08:54,966
Giving rise to a legend.
156
00:08:54,968 --> 00:08:57,736
But while the dungeon lies
at the heart of this story,
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00:08:57,738 --> 00:08:59,704
Something remains amiss.
158
00:08:59,706 --> 00:09:03,842
There's one thing that doesn't
quite add up here.
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00:09:03,844 --> 00:09:07,178
Out of an alleged
600 or more
160
00:09:07,180 --> 00:09:10,048
Victims of elizabeth,
161
00:09:10,050 --> 00:09:13,451
We haven't found a single grave
162
00:09:13,453 --> 00:09:16,221
Or a single skeleton.
163
00:09:16,223 --> 00:09:18,256
Nothing.
164
00:09:18,258 --> 00:09:20,992
The man who arrested her
and found all the bodies,
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00:09:20,994 --> 00:09:24,529
Just so happened
to be head of a rival house
166
00:09:24,531 --> 00:09:26,798
In the neighboring province,
167
00:09:26,800 --> 00:09:30,735
Which is unreliable
and suspicious.
168
00:09:30,737 --> 00:09:33,638
Elizabeth was clever,
she was literate,
169
00:09:33,640 --> 00:09:35,574
She could speak four languages,
170
00:09:35,576 --> 00:09:37,375
But she was also a woman
171
00:09:37,377 --> 00:09:40,779
And a missive target
on her back.
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00:09:40,781 --> 00:09:42,314
Selwood:
Looking at this as a lawyer,
173
00:09:42,316 --> 00:09:44,583
Despite concerns
over the evidence,
174
00:09:44,585 --> 00:09:46,051
I can't help but think
175
00:09:46,053 --> 00:09:49,487
That there was something
ghastly going on in that castle.
176
00:09:49,489 --> 00:09:53,758
It's very rare that there's
any smoke without fire.
177
00:09:53,760 --> 00:09:56,995
So, either elizabeth báthory,
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00:09:56,997 --> 00:09:58,730
The bloody countess,
179
00:09:58,732 --> 00:10:04,536
Was a stone-cold mass murderer
of young girls,
180
00:10:04,538 --> 00:10:09,140
Or she was a powerful,
but innocent woman,
181
00:10:09,142 --> 00:10:13,244
Framed by her
unscrupulous rivals.
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00:10:13,246 --> 00:10:14,846
We may never know for sure.
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00:10:14,848 --> 00:10:21,219
♪
184
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Narrator: The castle stood
for another 100 years,
185
00:10:24,558 --> 00:10:28,059
Until it was sacked
in a rebellion.
186
00:10:28,061 --> 00:10:31,162
What remains is now open
to tourists,
187
00:10:31,164 --> 00:10:33,331
Seeking to learn about
the legend
188
00:10:33,333 --> 00:10:34,833
Of elizabeth báthory.
189
00:10:34,835 --> 00:10:39,738
♪
190
00:10:39,740 --> 00:10:42,140
In the remote northwest
of alaska,
191
00:10:42,142 --> 00:10:44,576
A cluster of constructions loom
192
00:10:44,578 --> 00:10:46,511
Over a barren landscape.
193
00:10:46,513 --> 00:10:51,516
♪
194
00:10:51,518 --> 00:10:54,486
Only 150 miles from russia,
195
00:10:54,488 --> 00:10:57,922
Sit these curved,
steel monoliths
196
00:10:57,924 --> 00:11:01,393
On the crest of anvil mountain.
197
00:11:01,395 --> 00:11:05,063
Meigs: There's not a tree,
there's not a -- barely a bush,
198
00:11:05,065 --> 00:11:07,732
And rising up
on the top of this hill
199
00:11:07,734 --> 00:11:10,568
Are these four huge structures.
200
00:11:10,570 --> 00:11:14,406
They almost look like
some warped salvador dali idea
201
00:11:14,408 --> 00:11:15,974
Of a billboard.
202
00:11:15,976 --> 00:11:17,842
Nusbacher:
It's almost like they've left
203
00:11:17,844 --> 00:11:21,713
A segment of a modern art
museum,
204
00:11:21,715 --> 00:11:23,348
Propped up by
205
00:11:23,350 --> 00:11:25,517
Some kind of scaffolding,
206
00:11:25,519 --> 00:11:28,386
Right here
in the middle of nowhere.
207
00:11:28,388 --> 00:11:29,721
Narrator: Their simple form
208
00:11:29,723 --> 00:11:32,123
Belies their once crucial
function.
209
00:11:32,125 --> 00:11:36,361
It was very top secret.
I mean, it was high, you know,
210
00:11:36,363 --> 00:11:37,562
High security up there
211
00:11:37,564 --> 00:11:40,098
Because this was
all cutting-edge technology.
212
00:11:40,100 --> 00:11:41,666
When you think about it
for a second, it's clear,
213
00:11:41,668 --> 00:11:44,035
It's some sort
of communication device.
214
00:11:44,037 --> 00:11:47,572
Whether it's for radar
or microwaves or something,
215
00:11:47,574 --> 00:11:50,175
But it's not clear what exactly.
216
00:11:50,177 --> 00:11:55,513
♪
217
00:11:55,515 --> 00:11:59,451
Richard beneville is the mayor
of the nearby town of nome,
218
00:11:59,453 --> 00:12:04,055
And this site holds
a particular resonance for him.
219
00:12:04,057 --> 00:12:07,726
Sometimes I feel like it's
walking among the pyramids.
220
00:12:07,728 --> 00:12:11,262
I'm very proud sometimes
of what mankind can do.
221
00:12:11,264 --> 00:12:12,630
I feel a sense of pride.
222
00:12:12,632 --> 00:12:15,166
I know that this site worked.
223
00:12:15,168 --> 00:12:18,536
Narrator: Their need can be
traced back to the 19th century
224
00:12:18,538 --> 00:12:21,072
When alaska became
american property,
225
00:12:21,074 --> 00:12:24,509
A time when russia and the u.S.
Were allies.
226
00:12:24,511 --> 00:12:27,712
At the time that the u.S.
Purchased alaska from russia,
227
00:12:27,714 --> 00:12:29,380
It was a very good investment.
228
00:12:29,382 --> 00:12:30,849
I don't think anybody
anticipated
229
00:12:30,851 --> 00:12:35,487
That russia would become
our biggest geopolitical foe.
230
00:12:35,489 --> 00:12:39,190
Narrator:
In 1949, the soviet union
shocked the world
231
00:12:39,192 --> 00:12:42,093
When it detonated
its first atomic bomb
232
00:12:42,095 --> 00:12:44,629
At a test site in kazakhstan.
233
00:12:44,631 --> 00:12:46,765
The fear of soviet attack
234
00:12:46,767 --> 00:12:51,002
Was now palpable
through the cold war era.
235
00:12:51,004 --> 00:12:53,371
I knew, every night
I went to bed,
236
00:12:53,373 --> 00:12:55,740
That the planes
on the flight line
237
00:12:55,742 --> 00:12:58,443
Had the bombs in them 24/7,
238
00:12:58,445 --> 00:13:00,945
Ready to go in about
a five-minute notice.
239
00:13:00,947 --> 00:13:02,480
That was the cold war
240
00:13:02,482 --> 00:13:05,617
To this 18-year-old kid.
241
00:13:05,619 --> 00:13:09,053
Narrator: But back in the 1950s,
the problem in alaska
242
00:13:09,055 --> 00:13:11,756
Was how to communicate
an incoming threat
243
00:13:11,758 --> 00:13:13,725
And respond accordingly.
244
00:13:13,727 --> 00:13:17,028
If your radar detected
245
00:13:17,030 --> 00:13:18,997
Soviet bombers
246
00:13:18,999 --> 00:13:21,666
On their way to bomb america,
247
00:13:21,668 --> 00:13:26,237
You'd want to tell somebody
right away.
248
00:13:26,239 --> 00:13:27,672
And the problem here
249
00:13:27,674 --> 00:13:29,774
Was that all they had
250
00:13:29,776 --> 00:13:34,546
Was old-fashioned copper-wire
telephone technology.
251
00:13:34,548 --> 00:13:36,347
Meigs: There's no roads over
most of the state.
252
00:13:36,349 --> 00:13:39,584
There's no telegraph wires.
There's no telephone wires.
253
00:13:39,586 --> 00:13:40,919
At one point, from nome,
254
00:13:40,921 --> 00:13:44,656
They could only send
one telephone call at a time.
255
00:13:44,658 --> 00:13:47,325
Somara: Huge distances made
communication difficult.
256
00:13:47,327 --> 00:13:49,861
Even high frequency signals
would fizzle out
257
00:13:49,863 --> 00:13:51,696
When the northern lights
appeared.
258
00:13:53,934 --> 00:13:57,468
Narrator:
Telecommunications function
strictly by line of site,
259
00:13:57,470 --> 00:13:59,404
So the rapid transmission
of information
260
00:13:59,406 --> 00:14:02,173
Over long distances
was impossible.
261
00:14:04,477 --> 00:14:07,846
A new communications
infrastructure was imperative,
262
00:14:07,848 --> 00:14:10,415
But what technology
could effectively deal
263
00:14:10,417 --> 00:14:12,083
With this latest threat?
264
00:14:16,256 --> 00:14:23,695
♪
265
00:14:23,697 --> 00:14:26,364
Narrator:
Near nome in northwest alaska
266
00:14:26,366 --> 00:14:28,099
Are four confounding structures
267
00:14:28,101 --> 00:14:29,968
Brought in during the cold war,
268
00:14:29,970 --> 00:14:33,104
To deal with a communications
black hole.
269
00:14:33,106 --> 00:14:36,474
Alaska has a really
interesting place
270
00:14:36,476 --> 00:14:38,343
In the history of the cold war
271
00:14:38,345 --> 00:14:40,111
Because it is so close to russia
272
00:14:40,113 --> 00:14:43,681
And it's so close
to the north pole.
273
00:14:43,683 --> 00:14:45,216
Auerbach:
At the end of world war ii,
274
00:14:45,218 --> 00:14:47,986
Alaska's defenses
were focused on fighting
275
00:14:47,988 --> 00:14:49,754
A southern foe,
276
00:14:49,756 --> 00:14:52,190
Not one that was coming over
the north pole.
277
00:14:54,261 --> 00:14:57,262
Narrator: If soviet bombers
came over the horizon,
278
00:14:57,264 --> 00:15:00,331
There was no effective
warning system in place.
279
00:15:00,333 --> 00:15:02,834
A solution was found
with this --
280
00:15:02,836 --> 00:15:04,535
White alice --
281
00:15:04,537 --> 00:15:07,472
A radio station
with an extensive air force
282
00:15:07,474 --> 00:15:09,874
Telecommunications network.
283
00:15:09,876 --> 00:15:11,409
They were part of the dew line.
284
00:15:11,411 --> 00:15:14,879
The dew line which collected
information
285
00:15:14,881 --> 00:15:16,547
Actually from
the top of scotland
286
00:15:16,549 --> 00:15:18,182
All the way across
the north atlantic,
287
00:15:18,184 --> 00:15:20,451
Iceland, greenland, canada,
288
00:15:20,453 --> 00:15:22,220
Keeping track,
keeping a radar net
289
00:15:22,222 --> 00:15:24,389
Over the north pole.
290
00:15:26,993 --> 00:15:30,828
Narrator: Their name is widely
believed to be an acronym --
291
00:15:30,830 --> 00:15:33,264
White for the snow-covered
location
292
00:15:33,266 --> 00:15:35,266
And alice, which stands for
293
00:15:35,268 --> 00:15:39,938
Alaska integrated communications
and electronics.
294
00:15:39,940 --> 00:15:44,876
A typical white alice site
consists of four dishes,
295
00:15:44,878 --> 00:15:47,345
Grouped in pairs,
296
00:15:47,347 --> 00:15:50,315
To receive and transmit signals
297
00:15:50,317 --> 00:15:52,016
To and from
neighboring stations.
298
00:15:54,454 --> 00:15:58,323
Since they couldn't just send a
radio signal in a straight line
299
00:15:58,325 --> 00:16:00,658
To the next receiver --
it was too far away --
300
00:16:00,660 --> 00:16:04,028
They would aim it up
at an angle into the sky,
301
00:16:04,030 --> 00:16:06,097
Where it would bounce off
a layer of the atmosphere --
302
00:16:06,099 --> 00:16:08,433
It would bounce
of the troposphere --
303
00:16:08,435 --> 00:16:11,235
And then come back down
hundreds of miles away
304
00:16:11,237 --> 00:16:14,138
And be received
at the other end.
305
00:16:14,140 --> 00:16:16,040
Narrator: The system is called
306
00:16:16,042 --> 00:16:20,044
Forward propagating
tropospheric scatter.
307
00:16:20,046 --> 00:16:23,114
Tropospheric scattering
has many advantages
308
00:16:23,116 --> 00:16:24,682
Over other technologies
309
00:16:24,684 --> 00:16:27,018
Because bouncing signals
off the atmosphere
310
00:16:27,020 --> 00:16:30,521
Means that the hubs
don't need a clear line of site,
311
00:16:30,523 --> 00:16:32,557
Which is particularly
advantageous
312
00:16:32,559 --> 00:16:34,659
In the mountainous regions
of alaska.
313
00:16:36,796 --> 00:16:38,963
This process meant that
white alice sites
314
00:16:38,965 --> 00:16:41,966
Could be 200 miles apart.
315
00:16:41,968 --> 00:16:46,004
They could also handle multiple
phone calls at the same time
316
00:16:46,006 --> 00:16:49,374
And, crucially for the military,
317
00:16:49,376 --> 00:16:51,676
They were secure.
318
00:16:51,678 --> 00:16:53,811
A transmission beamed
from one spot
319
00:16:53,813 --> 00:16:55,580
Could only be received
320
00:16:55,582 --> 00:16:58,750
At another precise spot,
321
00:16:58,752 --> 00:17:01,619
And that made it virtually
impossible to intercept.
322
00:17:03,923 --> 00:17:06,090
Narrator:
This network of linked sites
323
00:17:06,092 --> 00:17:09,160
Would be crucial for the various
cold war threats.
324
00:17:11,364 --> 00:17:13,798
Meigs: Across northern alaska,
325
00:17:13,800 --> 00:17:16,701
There were a whole range
of stations,
326
00:17:16,703 --> 00:17:20,705
Designed to detect, first,
incoming bombers and then later,
327
00:17:20,707 --> 00:17:22,707
As missiles
became a bigger threat,
328
00:17:22,709 --> 00:17:25,343
Radar systems to detect
329
00:17:25,345 --> 00:17:26,944
Whether missiles
had been launched
330
00:17:26,946 --> 00:17:29,480
And were headed to
the heartland of the u.S.
331
00:17:32,118 --> 00:17:34,986
Narrator: The 31 original
white alice sites
332
00:17:34,988 --> 00:17:37,055
Took three years to build,
333
00:17:37,057 --> 00:17:42,126
With the first station
operational in 1956.
334
00:17:42,128 --> 00:17:47,031
But constructing these vast
antennas was no easy task.
335
00:17:47,033 --> 00:17:49,967
Beneville: We're about 700 miles
to the nearest highway.
336
00:17:49,969 --> 00:17:53,071
We're about 750 miles
from anchorage.
337
00:17:53,073 --> 00:17:55,673
So, we are way out there,
right where
338
00:17:55,675 --> 00:18:00,478
The bering straight and russia
almost meet.
339
00:18:00,480 --> 00:18:02,480
Meigs: So, to build
these installations,
340
00:18:02,482 --> 00:18:04,715
They had to not just fly in
equipment,
341
00:18:04,717 --> 00:18:06,317
They used dog sleds.
342
00:18:06,319 --> 00:18:08,186
They were really out there
343
00:18:08,188 --> 00:18:11,189
In primitive, brutal conditions.
344
00:18:11,191 --> 00:18:14,659
The enemy was time and weather.
345
00:18:14,661 --> 00:18:18,663
Hundreds of tons of metal
had to be brought in by air.
346
00:18:18,665 --> 00:18:22,667
This was a steel jigsaw puzzle
347
00:18:22,669 --> 00:18:26,003
That had to be assembled quickly
and effectively
348
00:18:26,005 --> 00:18:27,839
And had to be strong enough
349
00:18:27,841 --> 00:18:32,443
To withstand the extremes
of alaskan storms.
350
00:18:32,445 --> 00:18:35,446
Narrator: It was the latest
and most sophisticated
351
00:18:35,448 --> 00:18:40,218
Telecommunications
technology in the world.
352
00:18:40,220 --> 00:18:44,021
The u.S. Even connected hawaii
and the philippines
353
00:18:44,023 --> 00:18:46,657
Through the pacific
scatter system.
354
00:18:46,659 --> 00:18:50,194
But the biggest impact
was on alaska itself.
355
00:18:50,196 --> 00:18:53,431
It unified the region in ways
356
00:18:53,433 --> 00:18:55,399
That no other technology
could've done.
357
00:18:57,904 --> 00:19:01,606
Narrator: However, construction
was extremely expensive.
358
00:19:01,608 --> 00:19:06,911
The total bill came to
a staggering $300 million.
359
00:19:06,913 --> 00:19:09,213
Somara: Initially, they thought
they needed six people
360
00:19:09,215 --> 00:19:12,450
And 25 kilowatts
to operate the site.
361
00:19:12,452 --> 00:19:15,586
But actually, in the end,
they needed 20 people
362
00:19:15,588 --> 00:19:20,658
And about 120-180 kilowatts
of electrical power
363
00:19:20,660 --> 00:19:23,661
Just to operate the system.
364
00:19:23,663 --> 00:19:26,664
Narrator: Before white alice
was even complete,
365
00:19:26,666 --> 00:19:29,934
A new technology arrived
to replace it.
366
00:19:29,936 --> 00:19:34,105
It's a bit ironic that,
by the time white alice
367
00:19:34,107 --> 00:19:36,107
Was becoming operational
368
00:19:36,109 --> 00:19:39,010
In 1957, 1958,
369
00:19:39,012 --> 00:19:44,081
Sputnik was up in the sky.
370
00:19:44,083 --> 00:19:46,417
Satellite communications came in
371
00:19:46,419 --> 00:19:49,954
And that wound up being
a much more reliable system
372
00:19:49,956 --> 00:19:51,422
That didn't depend on these
373
00:19:51,424 --> 00:19:53,724
Remote installations
of antennas,
374
00:19:53,726 --> 00:19:56,327
You know, manned by these
small groups of guys,
375
00:19:56,329 --> 00:19:58,462
Freezing their butts off
on the tundra,
376
00:19:58,464 --> 00:19:59,997
You know, year in and year out.
377
00:19:59,999 --> 00:20:06,070
♪
378
00:20:06,072 --> 00:20:08,039
Was it successful?
379
00:20:08,041 --> 00:20:10,675
I think you'd have to say "yes"
380
00:20:10,677 --> 00:20:13,778
Because it has allowed us
to get to where we are today,
381
00:20:13,780 --> 00:20:15,413
Which is a lot.
382
00:20:18,084 --> 00:20:21,819
Narrator: White alice remained
in use until the 1970s
383
00:20:21,821 --> 00:20:24,021
As a civilian phone network
384
00:20:24,023 --> 00:20:26,891
And in some cases,
due to their secure nature,
385
00:20:26,893 --> 00:20:28,426
The military still uses
386
00:20:28,428 --> 00:20:31,395
Tropospheric scattering networks
even today.
387
00:20:31,397 --> 00:20:36,901
♪
388
00:20:36,903 --> 00:20:39,570
At the northern-most limits
of south korea
389
00:20:39,572 --> 00:20:40,972
Is a troubled region,
390
00:20:40,974 --> 00:20:44,542
Littered with the ruins
of a conflicted past.
391
00:20:47,347 --> 00:20:52,650
The demilitarized zone between
north korea and south korea
392
00:20:52,652 --> 00:20:54,819
Is actively dangerous.
393
00:20:54,821 --> 00:20:58,222
This is not some historic relic.
394
00:20:58,224 --> 00:21:03,227
There is almost a war going on
395
00:21:03,229 --> 00:21:07,798
Across this piece of ground
today.
396
00:21:07,800 --> 00:21:11,636
Bell: From up on top of a hill,
you can see into north korea
397
00:21:11,638 --> 00:21:14,472
And this place
is right in the shadow of that.
398
00:21:16,709 --> 00:21:18,442
Narrator: Gutted and scarred,
399
00:21:18,444 --> 00:21:22,346
This shell of a structure
has a clear story to tell.
400
00:21:22,348 --> 00:21:23,648
The building's
not just derelict,
401
00:21:23,650 --> 00:21:25,182
It's been completely devastated.
402
00:21:25,184 --> 00:21:27,918
You can see that the only thing
that's holding it in place
403
00:21:27,920 --> 00:21:31,155
Is these modern
reinforcement bars.
404
00:21:31,157 --> 00:21:35,660
Bell: This isn't a place
that was slowly left to decay.
405
00:21:35,662 --> 00:21:38,029
It feels like this was a target.
406
00:21:39,966 --> 00:21:42,333
Narrator: But while it dominates
its surroundings,
407
00:21:42,335 --> 00:21:44,902
It appears to be out of place.
408
00:21:44,904 --> 00:21:47,004
Someone has taken
409
00:21:47,006 --> 00:21:50,741
Some stalinist architecture
410
00:21:50,743 --> 00:21:52,610
And dropped it
411
00:21:52,612 --> 00:21:56,013
Right here on the korean border.
412
00:21:56,015 --> 00:21:59,050
And because of that stalinist
architecture,
413
00:21:59,052 --> 00:22:00,451
You can tell
414
00:22:00,453 --> 00:22:03,354
That this is a communist,
415
00:22:03,356 --> 00:22:06,991
North korean edifice.
416
00:22:06,993 --> 00:22:08,693
Why is it ruined,
417
00:22:08,695 --> 00:22:11,996
And why is it here
in south korea?
418
00:22:16,436 --> 00:22:19,603
Narrator: Following years
of japanese occupation,
419
00:22:19,605 --> 00:22:21,972
At the end
of the second world war,
420
00:22:21,974 --> 00:22:25,976
Authority over the korean
peninsula was split in two.
421
00:22:25,978 --> 00:22:29,280
The soviets grabbed
the northern half
422
00:22:29,282 --> 00:22:31,849
And the americans,
423
00:22:31,851 --> 00:22:35,152
Who were in the process
of occupying japan,
424
00:22:35,154 --> 00:22:37,621
Grabbed the southern half.
425
00:22:37,623 --> 00:22:40,891
Bell: They divided the country
up on the 38th parallel,
426
00:22:40,893 --> 00:22:42,360
A line of latitude,
427
00:22:42,362 --> 00:22:44,729
And this created a very crude
428
00:22:44,731 --> 00:22:47,031
North-south border on the map.
429
00:22:49,035 --> 00:22:52,770
Narrator: This building sits
in the area of cheorwon,
430
00:22:52,772 --> 00:22:57,641
Positioned just 40 miles above
that line of demarcation.
431
00:22:57,643 --> 00:23:01,345
Local resident mr. Kim
grew up in this area,
432
00:23:01,347 --> 00:23:03,647
His family having lived
through the unrest
433
00:23:03,649 --> 00:23:07,551
That soon followed the
construction of this building.
434
00:23:07,553 --> 00:23:09,754
[ speaking korean ]
435
00:23:09,756 --> 00:23:11,655
Translator: This is
the labor party building.
436
00:23:11,657 --> 00:23:13,724
It's actually
the cheorwon county branch
437
00:23:13,726 --> 00:23:15,092
Of the labor party.
438
00:23:15,094 --> 00:23:16,660
Kim: [ korean continues ]
439
00:23:16,662 --> 00:23:20,064
Translator: When this area came
under communist rule in 1946,
440
00:23:20,066 --> 00:23:21,999
This was built as
the local headquarters
441
00:23:22,001 --> 00:23:23,667
For the communist government.
442
00:23:26,205 --> 00:23:27,872
Narrator: Dominating the area,
443
00:23:27,874 --> 00:23:31,008
This structure clearly set out
the party's aim
444
00:23:31,010 --> 00:23:33,644
Of commanding
over the local people.
445
00:23:33,646 --> 00:23:36,080
Kim: [ speaking korean ]
446
00:23:36,082 --> 00:23:38,349
Translator: Now, this is
a three-story building
447
00:23:38,351 --> 00:23:40,084
While all the other buildings
in the area
448
00:23:40,086 --> 00:23:42,620
Were single-story,
wooden structures.
449
00:23:42,622 --> 00:23:47,525
Kim: [ korean continues ]
450
00:23:47,527 --> 00:23:49,927
Translator: And it sits on top
of a high platform.
451
00:23:49,929 --> 00:23:52,430
The building was actually built
upon a raised level,
452
00:23:52,432 --> 00:23:55,499
So it must have looked very
daunting for the locals here.
453
00:23:55,501 --> 00:23:58,269
Kim: [ korean continues ]
454
00:23:58,271 --> 00:24:02,139
Translator:
This building epitomized
the authority of communism.
455
00:24:02,141 --> 00:24:06,010
[ korean continues ]
456
00:24:06,012 --> 00:24:07,945
Narrator: But the north
weren't only interested
457
00:24:07,947 --> 00:24:10,314
In ruling
over the local population.
458
00:24:10,316 --> 00:24:13,217
They had ambitious plans
for this place.
459
00:24:13,219 --> 00:24:14,618
Kim: [ speaking korean ]
460
00:24:14,620 --> 00:24:16,153
Translator:
Cheorwon was the largest city
461
00:24:16,155 --> 00:24:17,988
Near to the 38th parallel.
462
00:24:17,990 --> 00:24:20,724
That's why they built
the party headquarters here.
463
00:24:20,726 --> 00:24:23,427
North korea ruled
the surrounding area from here,
464
00:24:23,429 --> 00:24:25,229
But they also used it
to help prepare
465
00:24:25,231 --> 00:24:26,997
For the attack on the south.
466
00:24:29,302 --> 00:24:31,035
Narrator:
The north's ultimate aim
467
00:24:31,037 --> 00:24:34,505
Was to take control
of the entire korean peninsula.
468
00:24:38,411 --> 00:24:46,784
♪
469
00:24:46,786 --> 00:24:48,752
Narrator:
Near the border of north korea,
470
00:24:48,754 --> 00:24:49,920
Stand the remains
471
00:24:49,922 --> 00:24:53,090
Of the local
communist party headquarters.
472
00:24:53,092 --> 00:24:55,826
Now on the edge
of the demilitarized zone,
473
00:24:55,828 --> 00:24:58,996
It was once
at the heart of the action.
474
00:24:58,998 --> 00:25:01,899
Selwood: Cheorwon was an
incredibly tense border town,
475
00:25:01,901 --> 00:25:04,168
For the simple reason
that it was a staging post
476
00:25:04,170 --> 00:25:05,769
For the north korean troops.
477
00:25:05,771 --> 00:25:07,505
So here,
there would've been massed
478
00:25:07,507 --> 00:25:10,574
A vast number of forces,
479
00:25:10,576 --> 00:25:13,744
And that made this
a very tense place.
480
00:25:13,746 --> 00:25:15,246
Narrator: Backed by stalin,
481
00:25:15,248 --> 00:25:18,048
At the head of this
north korean communist regime,
482
00:25:18,050 --> 00:25:20,184
Was kim il-sung.
483
00:25:20,186 --> 00:25:23,954
Kim il-sung tries to replicate
484
00:25:23,956 --> 00:25:25,923
Stalin's dictatorship
485
00:25:25,925 --> 00:25:27,525
In north korea,
486
00:25:27,527 --> 00:25:30,494
And that means that
the north korean dictatorship
487
00:25:30,496 --> 00:25:32,463
Is centralized,
488
00:25:32,465 --> 00:25:34,698
Is brutal, and is ready
489
00:25:34,700 --> 00:25:37,501
To repress the individual
490
00:25:37,503 --> 00:25:40,604
In the interests of the state
491
00:25:40,606 --> 00:25:43,407
And the ruling party.
492
00:25:43,409 --> 00:25:45,142
Selwood:
With the arrival of kim il-sung,
493
00:25:45,144 --> 00:25:47,745
Who had served
in the soviet army in the war,
494
00:25:47,747 --> 00:25:49,613
Things really began to change
and the peninsula
495
00:25:49,615 --> 00:25:53,684
Went on
to effectively a war footing.
496
00:25:53,686 --> 00:25:56,086
Narrator:
For those living in cheorwon,
497
00:25:56,088 --> 00:25:59,156
Having the local party
headquarters on their doorstep
498
00:25:59,158 --> 00:26:01,892
Could be
a terrifying proposition.
499
00:26:01,894 --> 00:26:04,662
Old rumors
of the internal goings on
500
00:26:04,664 --> 00:26:06,997
Still persist to this day.
501
00:26:06,999 --> 00:26:09,567
-[ speaking korean ]
-back then, for the people here,
502
00:26:09,569 --> 00:26:11,835
This was a very
mysterious place.
503
00:26:11,837 --> 00:26:15,039
Kim: [ korean continues ]
504
00:26:15,041 --> 00:26:17,575
Translator: It's said that those
people who opposed communism
505
00:26:17,577 --> 00:26:18,809
Or the rules of the land
506
00:26:18,811 --> 00:26:21,579
Were dragged in here
to be tortured and killed.
507
00:26:21,581 --> 00:26:24,315
Kim: [ korean continues ]
508
00:26:24,317 --> 00:26:26,750
Translator: But the problem we
face, looking at this today,
509
00:26:26,752 --> 00:26:28,419
Is that the people
who were responsible
510
00:26:28,421 --> 00:26:31,522
For the atrocities here
have all returned to the north.
511
00:26:31,524 --> 00:26:34,592
Kim: [ korean continues ]
512
00:26:34,594 --> 00:26:37,861
Translator:
And there are no records left
to confirm these stories.
513
00:26:37,863 --> 00:26:40,564
[ korean continues ]
514
00:26:43,202 --> 00:26:46,537
Narrator: Outside of this
building, in the wider context,
515
00:26:46,539 --> 00:26:49,373
Kim il-sung soon saw
an opportunity
516
00:26:49,375 --> 00:26:53,243
To assert his dominance
over the whole peninsula.
517
00:26:53,245 --> 00:26:56,447
In 1950, on the 25th of June,
518
00:26:56,449 --> 00:26:59,149
The north korean army
519
00:26:59,151 --> 00:27:02,653
Rolls across the 38th parallel,
520
00:27:02,655 --> 00:27:05,189
Knocks the south korean army
521
00:27:05,191 --> 00:27:08,792
Almost out of the way.
522
00:27:08,794 --> 00:27:11,462
The northerners blazed their way
down the peninsula,
523
00:27:11,464 --> 00:27:14,264
In the end cornering
the southern forces
524
00:27:14,266 --> 00:27:16,200
Into just one small pocket.
525
00:27:18,037 --> 00:27:19,937
Nusbacher:
The south korean army,
526
00:27:19,939 --> 00:27:22,206
The american occupation force,
527
00:27:22,208 --> 00:27:24,441
They're all in one town,
528
00:27:24,443 --> 00:27:26,343
In pusan in the south.
529
00:27:26,345 --> 00:27:30,581
It looks like it's all over
for south korea.
530
00:27:30,583 --> 00:27:32,516
Narrator: With their backs
against the wall
531
00:27:32,518 --> 00:27:35,185
And a communist victory
appearing likely,
532
00:27:35,187 --> 00:27:37,855
U.S. Forces
led by general macarthur
533
00:27:37,857 --> 00:27:39,757
Set about turning the tables
534
00:27:39,759 --> 00:27:43,694
With an invasion
deep behind enemy lines.
535
00:27:43,696 --> 00:27:45,629
Nusbacher: The other thing
the united states does --
536
00:27:45,631 --> 00:27:48,599
The united states
internationalizes
537
00:27:48,601 --> 00:27:50,501
The korean war.
538
00:27:50,503 --> 00:27:52,503
The americans get the u.N.
To come in
539
00:27:52,505 --> 00:27:55,372
On the american
and south korean side,
540
00:27:55,374 --> 00:27:59,009
And they undo the successful
541
00:27:59,011 --> 00:28:00,978
North korean invasion
of the south.
542
00:28:02,682 --> 00:28:05,683
Narrator: Quickly, southern
forces regained control
543
00:28:05,685 --> 00:28:07,351
And moved rapidly north,
544
00:28:07,353 --> 00:28:10,120
Soon pushing past cheorwon.
545
00:28:10,122 --> 00:28:12,022
But for those
held prisoner here,
546
00:28:12,024 --> 00:28:14,091
It was too late.
547
00:28:14,093 --> 00:28:17,394
Nearby, the ruins of a water
treatment facility
548
00:28:17,396 --> 00:28:19,229
Now stand as a marker
549
00:28:19,231 --> 00:28:22,533
To how those individuals
met a tragic end.
550
00:28:22,535 --> 00:28:24,768
[ speaking korean ]
551
00:28:24,770 --> 00:28:26,103
Translator: So, after the war,
552
00:28:26,105 --> 00:28:28,472
The bodies of many people
were found here
553
00:28:28,474 --> 00:28:32,643
And this has become a very
harrowing place in cheorwon.
554
00:28:32,645 --> 00:28:38,482
Nusbacher: The north korea
leadership were very concerned
555
00:28:38,484 --> 00:28:42,319
That in their retreat, they did
not want enemies of the people,
556
00:28:42,321 --> 00:28:46,156
As they called them, to survive.
557
00:28:46,158 --> 00:28:48,225
Kim: [ korean continues ]
558
00:28:48,227 --> 00:28:51,528
Translator:
In cheorwon, there are a lot
of scars left from the war,
559
00:28:51,530 --> 00:28:53,630
But this is the place
where numerous prisoners
560
00:28:53,632 --> 00:28:56,133
And civilians were killed
before the communist army
561
00:28:56,135 --> 00:28:58,268
Were driven out
and fled the area.
562
00:28:58,270 --> 00:29:02,973
[ korean continues ]
563
00:29:02,975 --> 00:29:04,708
Translator: This is
a heartbreaking place
564
00:29:04,710 --> 00:29:07,778
Which will never be forgotten
by the people of cheorwon.
565
00:29:07,780 --> 00:29:10,514
[ korean continues ]
566
00:29:10,516 --> 00:29:12,449
Bell: The people they'd been
holding prisoner
567
00:29:12,451 --> 00:29:14,418
Down in the building in town,
568
00:29:14,420 --> 00:29:16,420
Were brought to this other site,
569
00:29:16,422 --> 00:29:18,856
Where they were murdered.
570
00:29:18,858 --> 00:29:21,825
In total, around 300 people
571
00:29:21,827 --> 00:29:25,095
Were killed in this massacre.
572
00:29:25,097 --> 00:29:27,030
Narrator:
With the war raging on,
573
00:29:27,032 --> 00:29:30,367
The destruction of cheorwon
crept ever closer.
574
00:29:30,369 --> 00:29:32,736
And as the largest structure
in the area,
575
00:29:32,738 --> 00:29:35,572
This building would soon
become a key target.
576
00:29:39,779 --> 00:29:43,280
Hidden in plain site
on the steps is the clue
577
00:29:43,282 --> 00:29:46,517
To what would cause the
final destruction of this site.
578
00:29:50,256 --> 00:29:57,694
♪
579
00:29:57,696 --> 00:30:01,131
Narrator: During the korean war,
the area of cheorwon,
580
00:30:01,133 --> 00:30:02,766
Near the 38th parallel,
581
00:30:02,768 --> 00:30:05,202
Turned into a brutal war zone,
582
00:30:05,204 --> 00:30:06,870
And in 1950,
583
00:30:06,872 --> 00:30:09,206
As the southern forces advanced,
584
00:30:09,208 --> 00:30:11,008
The old communist party
headquarters
585
00:30:11,010 --> 00:30:14,044
Became firmly fixed
in the cross-hairs.
586
00:30:14,046 --> 00:30:16,713
The violence of that time
is clearly written
587
00:30:16,715 --> 00:30:18,248
All across what remains.
588
00:30:18,250 --> 00:30:19,950
Kim: [ speaking korean ]
589
00:30:19,952 --> 00:30:22,653
Translator: These marks are from
the tracks of a u.S. Army tank,
590
00:30:22,655 --> 00:30:24,988
Which came up here
to destroy the building.
591
00:30:24,990 --> 00:30:27,191
[ korean continues ]
592
00:30:27,193 --> 00:30:29,359
Translator: I think destroying
the labor party building
593
00:30:29,361 --> 00:30:31,862
Was intended
as a show of strength.
594
00:30:31,864 --> 00:30:34,965
This was the local headquarters
of the north korean army,
595
00:30:34,967 --> 00:30:37,701
Who were the enemy.
596
00:30:37,703 --> 00:30:40,437
Narrator: While it defiantly
remained standing,
597
00:30:40,439 --> 00:30:42,739
This structure
and the surrounding town
598
00:30:42,741 --> 00:30:45,008
Soon faced an end game.
599
00:30:45,010 --> 00:30:47,377
Just a few months
after taking the area,
600
00:30:47,379 --> 00:30:51,481
The southern forces were being
pushed back, out of cheorwon.
601
00:30:51,483 --> 00:30:53,984
Nusbacher: The one thing
that you can't allow
602
00:30:53,986 --> 00:30:57,421
Is this
politically-important symbol
603
00:30:57,423 --> 00:31:00,057
To fall into enemy hands.
604
00:31:00,059 --> 00:31:02,492
So you burn the place
to the ground.
605
00:31:02,494 --> 00:31:04,962
The whole town burns,
except for one thing --
606
00:31:04,964 --> 00:31:07,931
That building that looms
over the town.
607
00:31:10,669 --> 00:31:14,538
Narrator: In 1953,
an armistice was signed,
608
00:31:14,540 --> 00:31:16,073
Ending the fighting,
609
00:31:16,075 --> 00:31:17,841
And a new border was drawn up
610
00:31:17,843 --> 00:31:20,277
Just a few miles
to the north of this building.
611
00:31:20,279 --> 00:31:25,749
♪
612
00:31:25,751 --> 00:31:29,386
The ruins now serve
as a reminder of the past
613
00:31:29,388 --> 00:31:33,590
And a symbol of hope
for the future.
614
00:31:33,592 --> 00:31:36,093
[ speaking korean ]
615
00:31:36,095 --> 00:31:40,864
Translator: We must not forget
what needs to be remembered.
616
00:31:40,866 --> 00:31:43,667
Also, it's a crucial task
for the two koreas,
617
00:31:43,669 --> 00:31:45,802
As one people, to reunify
618
00:31:45,804 --> 00:31:47,971
And achieve prosperity together.
619
00:31:47,973 --> 00:31:54,378
♪
620
00:31:54,380 --> 00:32:00,817
♪
621
00:32:00,819 --> 00:32:02,352
Narrator: In northern czechia,
622
00:32:02,354 --> 00:32:04,755
Six miles from the border
with germany,
623
00:32:04,757 --> 00:32:07,658
Is a countryside haven
with a sordid history.
624
00:32:10,663 --> 00:32:13,130
Here is a lovely valley
625
00:32:13,132 --> 00:32:16,033
With well-maintained
woodlands --
626
00:32:16,035 --> 00:32:19,970
No doubt, a clean stream
running through it
627
00:32:19,972 --> 00:32:22,539
And pretty towns
at suitable intervals.
628
00:32:22,541 --> 00:32:24,875
This is very much a czech valley
629
00:32:24,877 --> 00:32:27,110
With all the signs
630
00:32:27,112 --> 00:32:29,813
Of decades of happiness.
631
00:32:31,583 --> 00:32:34,785
Narrator: In amongst the trees
is a complex of buildings
632
00:32:34,787 --> 00:32:36,320
That now lay empty.
633
00:32:36,322 --> 00:32:38,355
Rooms take up entire floors
634
00:32:38,357 --> 00:32:40,824
And there are hundreds
of metal columns,
635
00:32:40,826 --> 00:32:42,426
Keeping the ceilings up.
636
00:32:42,428 --> 00:32:46,296
Something very heavy
used to be kept on these floors.
637
00:32:46,298 --> 00:32:48,298
Nusbacher:
These were once grand,
638
00:32:48,300 --> 00:32:50,600
Efficient factories
of some kind,
639
00:32:50,602 --> 00:32:53,837
And now they're abandoned,
they're overgrown.
640
00:32:53,839 --> 00:32:56,673
Why would you build something
this expensive
641
00:32:56,675 --> 00:33:00,077
And walk away from it?
642
00:33:00,079 --> 00:33:03,046
Narrator: Behind the buildings
are clues to a history
643
00:33:03,048 --> 00:33:05,349
The locals would rather forget.
644
00:33:05,351 --> 00:33:07,351
And rambling around
through these woods
645
00:33:07,353 --> 00:33:10,454
And past these buildings,
we see a river --
646
00:33:10,456 --> 00:33:12,723
You know, a water source --
we see smoke stacks,
647
00:33:12,725 --> 00:33:15,459
So clearly, this was
an industrial site of some sort.
648
00:33:17,496 --> 00:33:19,529
Nusbacher: You can see
the remains of a camp,
649
00:33:19,531 --> 00:33:21,698
And you can see a big chimney
next to that camp,
650
00:33:21,700 --> 00:33:24,301
And that's never gonna be
good news.
651
00:33:24,303 --> 00:33:26,236
Narrator:
And, at the center of it all,
652
00:33:26,238 --> 00:33:29,306
Is a gateway that guards
a terrible secret.
653
00:33:29,308 --> 00:33:30,707
You arrive at this rock face,
654
00:33:30,709 --> 00:33:34,444
And you see this huge metal door
655
00:33:34,446 --> 00:33:38,048
Hiding something
inside this rock face.
656
00:33:38,050 --> 00:33:41,852
And you wonder, "well, that
looks like a lot of security."
657
00:33:43,722 --> 00:33:46,323
Narrator: What happened
in this remote outpost
658
00:33:46,325 --> 00:33:49,192
And what is behind
that big, metal door?
659
00:33:49,194 --> 00:33:54,464
♪
660
00:33:54,466 --> 00:33:57,367
In the 19th century,
a building was put here
661
00:33:57,369 --> 00:34:00,037
To take advantage
of a new wonder material.
662
00:34:01,807 --> 00:34:06,276
Local author petr joza has
explored every inch of the site.
663
00:34:07,746 --> 00:34:09,279
Joza: [ speaking czech ]
664
00:34:09,281 --> 00:34:12,482
Translator: We are in one of the
halls of company franz preidel.
665
00:34:12,484 --> 00:34:15,285
The building was constructed
in 1867
666
00:34:15,287 --> 00:34:18,055
As one of three
in rabstejn valley
667
00:34:18,057 --> 00:34:19,556
To produce cotton.
668
00:34:22,394 --> 00:34:25,796
In this building,
there were 16,000 spindles.
669
00:34:25,798 --> 00:34:29,232
Individual spinning machines
stood in between these pillars.
670
00:34:29,234 --> 00:34:31,668
It was one of the biggest
factories in this area.
671
00:34:33,806 --> 00:34:36,973
Narrator:
This is rabstejn jánská,
672
00:34:36,975 --> 00:34:40,777
A factory that produced cotton
on an industrial scale.
673
00:34:40,779 --> 00:34:42,879
But this was more than
a business,
674
00:34:42,881 --> 00:34:45,082
It was the bread basket
of a community.
675
00:34:45,084 --> 00:34:46,716
Joza: [ speaking czech ]
676
00:34:46,718 --> 00:34:49,653
Translator:
There were several generations
working in this factory.
677
00:34:49,655 --> 00:34:51,421
[ speaking czech]
678
00:34:51,423 --> 00:34:53,223
Translator: The factory
was hugely beneficial
679
00:34:53,225 --> 00:34:54,691
For the local economy
680
00:34:54,693 --> 00:34:56,927
Because the company used
the money they made here
681
00:34:56,929 --> 00:34:58,695
To finance several things.
682
00:34:58,697 --> 00:35:02,065
They had schools built in
the area, had a chapel restored,
683
00:35:02,067 --> 00:35:05,168
And that's all thanks to the
profit from these factories.
684
00:35:05,170 --> 00:35:07,404
[ czech continues ]
685
00:35:09,608 --> 00:35:12,109
Narrator: But the factory's
benevolent appearance
686
00:35:12,111 --> 00:35:15,846
Is betrayed by an ominous
feature within its grounds.
687
00:35:15,848 --> 00:35:19,516
Then you see the big metal door
688
00:35:19,518 --> 00:35:21,618
And you have to ask,
689
00:35:21,620 --> 00:35:25,122
"what did you build here?
690
00:35:25,124 --> 00:35:28,892
What are you trying to keep
in the ground,
691
00:35:28,894 --> 00:35:31,661
Or what are you
trying to keep out?"
692
00:35:31,663 --> 00:35:33,930
Somara: Inside this building,
when you look closely,
693
00:35:33,932 --> 00:35:35,432
You start to see clues
694
00:35:35,434 --> 00:35:38,535
That this place might not have
been so friendly, after all.
695
00:35:40,472 --> 00:35:42,172
Narrator:
In the early 20th century,
696
00:35:42,174 --> 00:35:45,408
Business was booming
at rabstejn jánská.
697
00:35:45,410 --> 00:35:49,412
But in 1929,
the market collapsed.
698
00:35:49,414 --> 00:35:51,414
In the late 1920s,
699
00:35:51,416 --> 00:35:52,916
A depression begins
700
00:35:52,918 --> 00:35:56,253
All across central
and eastern europe,
701
00:35:56,255 --> 00:36:00,223
Which has devastating effects
on manufacturing
702
00:36:00,225 --> 00:36:02,492
And on the economies
703
00:36:02,494 --> 00:36:04,694
Of eastern europe in general.
704
00:36:04,696 --> 00:36:06,062
Hundreds of workers
705
00:36:06,064 --> 00:36:09,900
Who relied on their jobs here
for their livelihood,
706
00:36:09,902 --> 00:36:11,468
They're all out of work.
707
00:36:13,472 --> 00:36:15,906
Narrator:
The old factory is shut down
708
00:36:15,908 --> 00:36:19,476
And for over a decade,
the buildings lay dormant.
709
00:36:19,478 --> 00:36:24,314
But in 1942, the factory comes
under new management --
710
00:36:24,316 --> 00:36:25,582
The nazis.
711
00:36:29,688 --> 00:36:36,159
♪
712
00:36:36,161 --> 00:36:38,495
Narrator:
At the height of world war ii,
713
00:36:38,497 --> 00:36:40,864
A former countryside cotton mill
714
00:36:40,866 --> 00:36:42,465
Was about to be assimilated
715
00:36:42,467 --> 00:36:45,001
Into the nazi war machine.
716
00:36:45,003 --> 00:36:47,737
And the germans had always
looked kind of hungrily
717
00:36:47,739 --> 00:36:49,172
At bohemia.
718
00:36:49,174 --> 00:36:52,209
The germans, you know,
first nibbled at the sudetenland
719
00:36:52,211 --> 00:36:55,045
And then they take
all of czechoslovakia
720
00:36:55,047 --> 00:36:57,080
In the course of 1938, '39.
721
00:36:59,051 --> 00:37:02,419
Narrator: The nazis occupy
rabstejn jánská,
722
00:37:02,421 --> 00:37:05,755
But they have different plans
for the old factory.
723
00:37:05,757 --> 00:37:09,326
Cotton production was low
on the list of nazi priorities.
724
00:37:09,328 --> 00:37:12,329
What they really needed
more than anything was aircraft.
725
00:37:14,066 --> 00:37:15,932
Narrator:
Half a mile from the factory
726
00:37:15,934 --> 00:37:18,301
Is what remains
of the nazis' plan
727
00:37:18,303 --> 00:37:21,738
To send aircraft production
into overdrive.
728
00:37:21,740 --> 00:37:24,874
The german economy has to be
kept going,
729
00:37:24,876 --> 00:37:28,445
And the german war machine
has to be supplied.
730
00:37:28,447 --> 00:37:31,281
And one of the ways
the nazis do this
731
00:37:31,283 --> 00:37:35,619
Is by conscripting
people into labor.
732
00:37:35,621 --> 00:37:39,656
Narrator: They constructed
a labor camp.
733
00:37:39,658 --> 00:37:42,225
Joza: [ speaking czech ]
734
00:37:42,227 --> 00:37:44,995
Translator: We are at
rabstejn concentration camp,
735
00:37:44,997 --> 00:37:47,097
Which was established in 1944
736
00:37:47,099 --> 00:37:51,034
For approximately
690 to 700 prisoners.
737
00:37:51,036 --> 00:37:53,570
Joza: [ czech continues ]
738
00:37:53,572 --> 00:37:55,572
Because they couldn't find
enough workers,
739
00:37:55,574 --> 00:37:57,440
Prisoners were brought here
and the buildings
740
00:37:57,442 --> 00:38:00,210
Were surrounded
by barbed, electric wire.
741
00:38:00,212 --> 00:38:03,280
[ czech continues ]
742
00:38:03,282 --> 00:38:05,382
Narrator: Prisoners were marched
from the camp
743
00:38:05,384 --> 00:38:07,350
To the factory and back
744
00:38:07,352 --> 00:38:10,287
In an unending, brutal cycle.
745
00:38:10,289 --> 00:38:12,422
But events hundreds
of miles away
746
00:38:12,424 --> 00:38:15,392
Would turn this nightmare
into a living hell.
747
00:38:17,195 --> 00:38:22,065
Between the 20th and the 25th
of February, 1944,
748
00:38:22,067 --> 00:38:25,602
The allies bombed the hell
749
00:38:25,604 --> 00:38:31,708
Out of nazi
fighter plane production.
750
00:38:31,710 --> 00:38:34,844
Translator:
Germany definitely lost control
over its own airspace,
751
00:38:34,846 --> 00:38:37,981
So they established jaegerstab.
752
00:38:37,983 --> 00:38:39,249
It was a task force
753
00:38:39,251 --> 00:38:42,652
Designed to decentralize
fighter aircraft production
754
00:38:42,654 --> 00:38:44,321
And move it underground.
755
00:38:44,323 --> 00:38:53,663
♪
756
00:38:53,665 --> 00:38:56,032
The manpower required was huge.
757
00:38:56,034 --> 00:38:59,903
Effectively, they treated
people like slaves.
758
00:38:59,905 --> 00:39:02,439
Digging those holes
was nasty work.
759
00:39:02,441 --> 00:39:04,841
They used dynamite
and pick axes.
760
00:39:04,843 --> 00:39:07,177
You wouldn't want
that assignment.
761
00:39:07,179 --> 00:39:10,280
Narrator: The nazis commissioned
four tunnels to be dug
762
00:39:10,282 --> 00:39:12,916
Into the rock face.
763
00:39:12,918 --> 00:39:17,053
They blast almost
83,000 square meters of space,
764
00:39:17,055 --> 00:39:18,521
Carved out of the rock
765
00:39:18,523 --> 00:39:22,025
Underneath these old
19th-century textile mills.
766
00:39:22,027 --> 00:39:24,627
Narrator: So desperate was
the nazi air force
767
00:39:24,629 --> 00:39:26,796
That they moved
in factory machines
768
00:39:26,798 --> 00:39:28,365
While prisoners kept digging.
769
00:39:28,367 --> 00:39:30,834
Somara: The noise, the fumes,
the lack of daylight --
770
00:39:30,836 --> 00:39:33,737
It would've been like
digging your own hell.
771
00:39:37,342 --> 00:39:39,142
Joza: [ speaking czech ]
772
00:39:39,144 --> 00:39:41,244
Translator: So, here we are
at a shaft's crossing
773
00:39:41,246 --> 00:39:44,314
Where, during excavation,
part of the ceiling collapsed.
774
00:39:44,316 --> 00:39:48,251
Joza: [ czech continues ]
775
00:39:48,253 --> 00:39:50,987
Translator: Three prisoners from
the concentration camp died
776
00:39:50,989 --> 00:39:52,489
When the ceiling fell on them.
777
00:39:52,491 --> 00:39:56,593
Joza: [ czech continues ]
778
00:39:56,595 --> 00:39:58,094
They were essentially
worked to death
779
00:39:58,096 --> 00:40:01,097
In these underground factories.
780
00:40:01,099 --> 00:40:03,633
Narrator: By January 1945,
781
00:40:03,635 --> 00:40:06,903
Germany was months away
from losing the war,
782
00:40:06,905 --> 00:40:10,673
But the prisoners underground
didn't know it.
783
00:40:10,675 --> 00:40:13,877
People kept working,
suffering, dying,
784
00:40:13,879 --> 00:40:15,478
Not just for an evil cause
785
00:40:15,480 --> 00:40:18,515
But for a lost cause.
786
00:40:18,517 --> 00:40:21,251
Narrator: But just weeks before
tanks roll into berlin,
787
00:40:21,253 --> 00:40:23,420
The prisoners at rabstejn jánská
788
00:40:23,422 --> 00:40:26,289
Get a glimmer of hope
from above.
789
00:40:26,291 --> 00:40:29,859
The first news they have
that the war is almost over
790
00:40:29,861 --> 00:40:32,429
And that they will probably
survive the war,
791
00:40:32,431 --> 00:40:34,130
Is in March of 1945
792
00:40:34,132 --> 00:40:36,266
When a soviet plane flies
overhead
793
00:40:36,268 --> 00:40:38,334
And five paratroopers jump out
794
00:40:38,336 --> 00:40:41,237
And land without any german
resistance.
795
00:40:41,239 --> 00:40:44,007
Narrator: Then, on may 8th,
without warning or announcement,
796
00:40:44,009 --> 00:40:47,143
The prison guards
began to disappear.
797
00:40:47,145 --> 00:40:48,912
The first they knew
798
00:40:48,914 --> 00:40:53,416
That the germans
who were holding them captive
799
00:40:53,418 --> 00:40:57,120
Had lost the war,
was when the german guards
800
00:40:57,122 --> 00:40:59,689
Just didn't turn up
for work that day.
801
00:40:59,691 --> 00:41:04,561
The army was on its way
to liberate them.
802
00:41:04,563 --> 00:41:07,864
The nazis had taken off
to avoid being captured.
803
00:41:10,001 --> 00:41:12,502
-[ speaking czech ]
-we're at the end of the shaft
804
00:41:12,504 --> 00:41:15,472
Where you can see three rows
of drilling for dynamite.
805
00:41:15,474 --> 00:41:18,908
The demolition charges were
placed in these and blasted.
806
00:41:18,910 --> 00:41:20,176
They did not do it here
807
00:41:20,178 --> 00:41:22,679
Because this is the place
where excavating stopped
808
00:41:22,681 --> 00:41:24,714
At the end of world war ii,
809
00:41:24,716 --> 00:41:26,916
Because the second polish army
arrived,
810
00:41:26,918 --> 00:41:31,221
And the construction of the
underground factory was stopped.
811
00:41:31,223 --> 00:41:35,792
And all the laborers
at rabstejn could do
812
00:41:35,794 --> 00:41:39,329
Was put down their pick axes
813
00:41:39,331 --> 00:41:41,898
And start trying to figure out
how to get home.
814
00:41:41,900 --> 00:41:47,770
♪
815
00:41:47,772 --> 00:41:49,606
Narrator: Rabstejn jánská --
816
00:41:49,608 --> 00:41:51,941
The factory that began
in paradise
817
00:41:51,943 --> 00:41:54,477
And ended in a nightmare.
818
00:41:54,479 --> 00:41:57,347
Today, the factory buildings
have been reclaimed
819
00:41:57,349 --> 00:41:59,349
By the community
that lives here.
820
00:41:59,351 --> 00:42:00,984
The camp and the tunnels
821
00:42:00,986 --> 00:42:03,853
Are locked away
and left to crumble.
70617
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