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Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:22,060 --> 00:00:25,580 The US dollar is the currency of history The most significant achievement. 2 00:00:25,740 --> 00:00:29,340 It is a piece of paper, which Production at no cost. 3 00:00:29,460 --> 00:00:34,820 On the back are just Ben S. Bernanke and the US Congress. 4 00:00:35,300 --> 00:00:39,540 Yet that piece of paper is a valuable and respected. 5 00:00:39,660 --> 00:00:43,980 Will the dollar be other than the world's great financial brand - 6 00:00:44,100 --> 00:00:46,660 the financial world, Coca-Cola? 7 00:00:47,180 --> 00:00:49,060 Soon it will be seen. 8 00:00:58,500 --> 00:01:00,620 Since 1971, - 9 00:01:00,780 --> 00:01:03,900 US dollar and the world's financial system - 10 00:01:04,020 --> 00:01:06,620 are based on Only trust. 11 00:01:07,420 --> 00:01:10,940 A guarantee of confidence has been the guardian of the system: 12 00:01:11,100 --> 00:01:15,820 The US Federal Reserve ie the Fed. 13 00:01:18,980 --> 00:01:22,300 The US dollar is the world's the main reserve currency. 14 00:01:22,420 --> 00:01:26,860 We measure the time, products and own our value. 15 00:01:27,660 --> 00:01:31,340 The system is based on faith and trust. 16 00:01:31,460 --> 00:01:35,260 They both began to fall off in autumn 2007. 17 00:01:36,820 --> 00:01:39,860 Interest collapse triggered the housing boom. 18 00:01:39,980 --> 00:01:42,100 When interest rates are rising again - 19 00:01:42,220 --> 00:01:45,220 many makes tight to pay back the loan. 20 00:01:45,340 --> 00:01:48,700 14 million people has taken the mortgage. 21 00:01:48,820 --> 00:01:52,220 As many as seven million of them losing their homes. 22 00:01:53,460 --> 00:01:58,020 Fed thought it was a minor problem. 23 00:01:58,380 --> 00:02:00,500 At the beginning of the crisis, talking about - 24 00:02:00,620 --> 00:02:03,500 subprime mortgage problem. 25 00:02:04,220 --> 00:02:07,620 The problem continued to increase. 26 00:02:07,900 --> 00:02:10,460 The mortgage market is a mess. 27 00:02:10,580 --> 00:02:14,060 The authorities are trying to to save Lehman Brothers. 28 00:02:14,180 --> 00:02:17,420 You have a electronic bank run banks. 29 00:02:17,540 --> 00:02:20,220 The central bank Fed estimates - 30 00:02:20,340 --> 00:02:25,980 that the American banks' accounts had lost $ 5.5 billion. 31 00:02:26,220 --> 00:02:28,780 It would have led to the collapse the country's economy - 32 00:02:28,900 --> 00:02:32,220 and within a day the entire global economy. 33 00:02:32,420 --> 00:02:36,060 It would have meant the current the end of the economic system. 34 00:02:37,860 --> 00:02:40,740 The Congress was not able to to act in time. 35 00:02:41,380 --> 00:02:43,460 That's why we looked Fed - 36 00:02:43,580 --> 00:02:46,820 the stabilization of the economy is our mission. 37 00:02:47,060 --> 00:02:50,420 It is not part of the central bank the normal tasks. 38 00:02:51,060 --> 00:02:54,220 When politicians debated, The Fed took action. 39 00:02:54,620 --> 00:02:58,580 It has used the unlimited jurisdiction to create money - 40 00:02:59,340 --> 00:03:03,820 and lent trillions of dollars all types of businesses. 41 00:03:04,020 --> 00:03:06,740 Congressional Support was small in parallel. 42 00:03:06,860 --> 00:03:10,420 Men across the street and most of the politicians did not understand - 43 00:03:10,540 --> 00:03:12,700 that if nothing had been done - 44 00:03:12,820 --> 00:03:15,780 mm. General Electric, Berkshire Hathaway - 45 00:03:15,900 --> 00:03:19,500 General Motors and Citigroup would be destroyed. 46 00:03:19,940 --> 00:03:22,500 We came to the edge - 47 00:03:22,620 --> 00:03:26,140 and we saw how deep it was. 48 00:03:27,180 --> 00:03:29,260 The Fed was forced to intervene. 49 00:03:29,820 --> 00:03:34,100 The Fed was founded in 1913 - 50 00:03:34,460 --> 00:03:38,820 to improve the financial system liquidity - 51 00:03:38,940 --> 00:03:41,500 Financial panics times. 52 00:03:45,700 --> 00:03:49,220 "Here rukataan interest rates." 53 00:03:49,420 --> 00:03:53,340 What do you know Fedistä? - I do not much. 54 00:03:53,980 --> 00:03:59,940 The Fed seems to be the people like a black box. 55 00:04:00,460 --> 00:04:03,060 To take care of the currency? I do not know. 56 00:04:03,180 --> 00:04:06,180 It has something to do with money. 57 00:04:06,620 --> 00:04:09,500 It regulates the stock market. 58 00:04:09,660 --> 00:04:13,740 We are human mystery. They do not know what we are doing. 59 00:04:13,980 --> 00:04:17,020 Sounds like as it would weigh money. Nope. 60 00:04:17,580 --> 00:04:23,100 One myth is that we print money. We do not print money. 61 00:04:23,380 --> 00:04:25,380 Will the Fed taxpayers' money? 62 00:04:25,500 --> 00:04:28,700 No. It's what we do, is closer to the printing of currency. 63 00:04:28,820 --> 00:04:31,820 You press the money. - Practice. 64 00:04:38,100 --> 00:04:40,260 What is the Fed's job is? 65 00:04:41,420 --> 00:04:45,820 It controls the money supply, determines interest rates and regulates banks. 66 00:04:45,940 --> 00:04:49,860 It should ensure that the financial system security and stability. 67 00:04:50,860 --> 00:04:53,900 The Fed should be safeguarded financial stability - 68 00:04:54,020 --> 00:04:56,980 and prevent the market from falling into chaos. 69 00:04:57,100 --> 00:05:02,020 In general, it can do it, but otherwise it was the summer of 2008. 70 00:05:02,820 --> 00:05:04,820 What followed was chaos. 71 00:05:06,340 --> 00:05:08,900 What caused the crisis? 72 00:05:09,620 --> 00:05:12,980 What took history prosperous country to its knees? 73 00:05:14,180 --> 00:05:17,900 Many economists and Fed officials said that - 74 00:05:18,020 --> 00:05:20,580 eye of the storm was the Fed itself. 75 00:05:21,180 --> 00:05:23,820 The Fed kept interest rates and hold for too long. 76 00:05:23,980 --> 00:05:28,180 It seemed to housing price bubbles. 77 00:05:28,340 --> 00:05:30,340 Warnings included. 78 00:05:30,900 --> 00:05:33,300 When interest rates are lowered until - 79 00:05:33,420 --> 00:05:36,780 will boom and then is likely to collapse. 80 00:05:37,500 --> 00:05:42,500 The Fed did not stop the housing bubble and the sub-prime lending. 81 00:05:42,860 --> 00:05:46,740 It failed completely the fight against the financial crisis. 82 00:05:46,860 --> 00:05:49,500 We are not regulated - 83 00:05:49,620 --> 00:05:52,380 financial system the most important part. 84 00:05:52,980 --> 00:05:59,220 None of the Fed employs olleista does not rejoice in the fact that someone mohli. 85 00:05:59,340 --> 00:06:03,780 It is important to recognize, the big mistakes are made. 86 00:06:04,020 --> 00:06:07,780 Is System of Central Banks failed? 87 00:06:07,940 --> 00:06:13,700 I know that my time is over, but I completely disagree. 88 00:06:17,020 --> 00:06:22,340 Things generally intended to remedy, but now that has not been made. 89 00:06:22,500 --> 00:06:27,620 Everyone wants to say, that the problems have been solved. 90 00:06:27,740 --> 00:06:30,580 In fact, beg a new crisis. 91 00:06:30,700 --> 00:06:35,020 This is a trial, which has never been done before. 92 00:06:35,620 --> 00:06:38,260 The Fed operates without preparation. 93 00:06:39,700 --> 00:06:45,860 It is important to consider carefully, what the Fed did. 94 00:06:45,980 --> 00:06:51,620 The mistakes made, the blame game instead we need to think about - 95 00:06:51,740 --> 00:06:55,620 the role of central banks should in future be. 96 00:06:55,740 --> 00:07:00,020 We want to avoid contact again the same kind of mess. 97 00:07:02,980 --> 00:07:04,980 It is not the first time - 98 00:07:05,100 --> 00:07:08,260 when you protect the economy within the meaning of the central bank - 99 00:07:08,380 --> 00:07:10,740 has taken us into the brink of the abyss. 100 00:07:13,980 --> 00:07:16,860 World real currency is trust. 101 00:07:17,420 --> 00:07:21,220 When it disappears, The Fed's ability to learn from past - 102 00:07:21,340 --> 00:07:23,340 and whether it has time to learn from? 103 00:07:23,460 --> 00:07:28,420 None of the big country has not yet collapsed. 104 00:07:30,300 --> 00:07:32,660 Such a crisis is to be feared. 105 00:07:32,820 --> 00:07:36,380 How strongly believe! that you will be able to monitor this? 106 00:07:36,500 --> 00:07:38,460 One hundred percent. 107 00:07:41,420 --> 00:07:45,700 Before, it was the United Kingdom. Now it's England or Britain. 108 00:07:46,700 --> 00:07:49,500 Britain was tiny place - 109 00:07:49,620 --> 00:07:54,460 a currency tied to gold was good enough for all around the world. 110 00:07:54,660 --> 00:07:58,580 The Bank of England exchange of banknotes into gold - 111 00:07:58,700 --> 00:08:00,820 at a predetermined rate. 112 00:08:01,220 --> 00:08:06,580 The gold standard currency, ie tying Precious metal is a way - 113 00:08:06,700 --> 00:08:12,540 to stabilize the value of the currency and limits excessive printing of banknotes. 114 00:08:16,820 --> 00:08:21,780 World War I a collapse of the world. 115 00:08:22,100 --> 00:08:25,980 European powers needed money to finance the war - 116 00:08:26,100 --> 00:08:28,100 and abandoned the gold standard. 117 00:08:29,460 --> 00:08:34,100 When Britain was bankrupt, and Germany hyperinflation ravaged, - 118 00:08:35,300 --> 00:08:40,860 USA's new central bank and gold tied to foreign currency rose by management. 119 00:08:43,020 --> 00:08:46,500 Fedillä has the power to create money. 120 00:08:46,780 --> 00:08:50,380 If I recall the basement of money, I counterfeiter. 121 00:08:50,540 --> 00:08:54,980 When the Fed to use electronic printing machine, it is monetary policy. 122 00:08:57,340 --> 00:09:02,180 The Fed conducts monetary policy creating or destroying money - 123 00:09:02,300 --> 00:09:04,860 calculate or to raise interest rates. 124 00:09:05,220 --> 00:09:10,380 If it's more money, it will the introduction of more and interest rates fall. 125 00:09:10,580 --> 00:09:13,140 It promotes borrowing and consumption. 126 00:09:13,500 --> 00:09:15,580 If the Fed reduces the money - 127 00:09:15,700 --> 00:09:19,620 borrowing and consumption fall, and saving is increased. 128 00:09:19,740 --> 00:09:23,700 Raising interest rates slowed down the economy and inflation, - 129 00:09:23,820 --> 00:09:26,740 whereas the fall in interest rates accelerated. 130 00:09:28,780 --> 00:09:33,820 When the Fed change the interest rates, it presses the gas or brake. 131 00:09:35,180 --> 00:09:39,180 The Fed began to use new powers in the 1920s - 132 00:09:39,300 --> 00:09:41,540 Control of the economy: the United States. 133 00:09:43,060 --> 00:09:46,420 The Fed moved to control the whole of the economy. 134 00:09:47,220 --> 00:09:53,020 The first trial was a large during the recession. It was not successful. 135 00:09:59,780 --> 00:10:02,100 Turbulent 20th century took place - 136 00:10:02,220 --> 00:10:05,700 first Fed launched the rise in drug and collapse. 137 00:10:05,900 --> 00:10:10,460 Low interest rates, the Fed boosted unintentionally stock exchange and debt bubble. 138 00:10:11,220 --> 00:10:15,740 Speculators took loans more than the money in circulation. 139 00:10:17,300 --> 00:10:21,980 Fed tightened the reins and the beasts raised interest rates sharply in 1928. 140 00:10:22,300 --> 00:10:26,180 It laid the foundation Lama and a stock market crash. 141 00:10:31,860 --> 00:10:35,820 New York City area in its capacity After the collapse of properly. 142 00:10:35,940 --> 00:10:39,860 It increased the money market liquidity and stopped the panic. 143 00:10:40,220 --> 00:10:43,220 Washington, DC functional Board feared - 144 00:10:43,340 --> 00:10:49,020 that stimulus policies would accelerate while speculation and inflation. 145 00:10:49,220 --> 00:10:52,260 Therefore, the Fed dropped stimulus policies. 146 00:10:52,380 --> 00:10:56,460 The banks got into trouble, but the Fed did nothing. 147 00:10:59,140 --> 00:11:04,500 When banks began to go bad, deposits were transferred shelved. 148 00:11:04,620 --> 00:11:07,220 The banks had no money, what you borrow. 149 00:11:07,340 --> 00:11:09,340 The economy began to decline. 150 00:11:09,460 --> 00:11:13,100 Due to the gold stock had a difficult decide what should be done. 151 00:11:13,220 --> 00:11:16,020 We tried to protect the gold; - 152 00:11:16,140 --> 00:11:19,780 which required raising interest rates just the wrong time. 153 00:11:21,180 --> 00:11:24,500 Additional money supply would have prevented the fall in prices, - 154 00:11:24,620 --> 00:11:27,060 but the Fed gave the supply of collapse. 155 00:11:27,180 --> 00:11:30,500 That is why the recession turned into a recession. 156 00:11:35,660 --> 00:11:39,860 Fed by no means caused Great Depression intentionally. 157 00:11:40,300 --> 00:11:45,460 It wanted to correct the situation, but it was the wrong diagnosis. 158 00:11:46,300 --> 00:11:49,180 Many people nowadays think. 159 00:11:49,300 --> 00:11:52,620 The Fed's current Director General Ben Bernanke has said - 160 00:11:52,740 --> 00:11:57,100 that the Fed caused the Great Depression and not do it again. 161 00:11:58,340 --> 00:12:04,380 The Fed was wrong, what we all the sufferings of the teaching. 162 00:12:04,500 --> 00:12:07,180 The first big mistake was the Great Depression - 163 00:12:07,300 --> 00:12:10,220 and the second error was high inflation. 164 00:12:24,620 --> 00:12:29,260 The following crisis the money was not too little, but too much. 165 00:12:33,900 --> 00:12:37,420 1960 mid-term had a nice time. 166 00:12:37,620 --> 00:12:40,340 There was no inflation and unemployment - 167 00:12:40,460 --> 00:12:43,620 and Washington, DC There was self-righteous. 168 00:12:44,780 --> 00:12:48,460 Underneath However, brewing problems. 169 00:12:50,580 --> 00:12:53,460 President Lyndon Johnson's reforms - 170 00:12:53,580 --> 00:12:56,500 and the Vietnam War a major expansion - 171 00:12:56,700 --> 00:12:59,260 increased state spending significantly. 172 00:12:59,580 --> 00:13:01,820 Prices skyrocket In up. 173 00:13:02,060 --> 00:13:08,140 The Vietnam War meant the government organized by inflation. 174 00:13:08,940 --> 00:13:13,620 The conservation value of the dollar necessitated Bill Martin from raising key interest rates, - 175 00:13:14,100 --> 00:13:16,700 as he had done Since 1951, - 176 00:13:17,580 --> 00:13:20,700 but Lyndon Johnson had a different president. 177 00:13:21,060 --> 00:13:26,100 Johnson banned from raising interest rates and jeopardizing the reform agenda. 178 00:13:26,220 --> 00:13:30,540 He did not want to depression and stressed the importance of the war. The Fed gave up. 179 00:13:30,700 --> 00:13:32,700 The results were disastrous. 180 00:13:32,900 --> 00:13:37,860 The Vietnam War and Johnson reform programs - 181 00:13:38,140 --> 00:13:41,700 were too much for the economy and created massive inflation. 182 00:13:41,820 --> 00:13:44,540 In 1971, it was clear - 183 00:13:44,660 --> 00:13:48,020 that the dollar could no longer change into gold. 184 00:13:48,460 --> 00:13:51,180 In the end, Nixon spoke on television. 185 00:13:51,380 --> 00:13:54,100 I told you Minister of Finance - 186 00:13:54,220 --> 00:13:59,220 suspend until further notice dollar convertibility to gold. 187 00:13:59,900 --> 00:14:02,700 That was the beginning modernization of inflation. 188 00:14:05,180 --> 00:14:09,060 For the first time in history, the dollar was just a piece of paper. 189 00:14:09,260 --> 00:14:13,060 It was supported by only trust policy of the central bank. 190 00:14:13,580 --> 00:14:19,020 What does this mean for citizens? Value of the dollar will remain unchanged. 191 00:14:19,900 --> 00:14:23,380 The promise of the realization of depended on the Fed's actions. 192 00:14:23,740 --> 00:14:28,300 Fed Nixon bowed to pressure and clung to false economic theories - 193 00:14:28,420 --> 00:14:30,740 and refused to lifting interest rates. 194 00:14:32,100 --> 00:14:35,700 Cost of living more than doubled in 10 years - 195 00:14:35,860 --> 00:14:38,540 and the dollar lost more than half of its value. 196 00:14:40,980 --> 00:14:44,300 At the end of the 70's The situation was very confused. 197 00:14:46,660 --> 00:14:49,660 Prices rose During the Carter clouds. 198 00:14:49,860 --> 00:14:55,540 People began to murmur continuous inflation fueled a policy. 199 00:14:55,660 --> 00:14:59,260 It is terrible when you have to to pay so much for so little while. 200 00:14:59,420 --> 00:15:04,500 Prices have gone up to the 1979 in the first quarter - 201 00:15:04,620 --> 00:15:07,180 13 per cent per annum. 202 00:15:07,380 --> 00:15:11,100 How long inflation galloping out of control? 203 00:15:11,220 --> 00:15:13,220 Probably for many years. 204 00:15:13,820 --> 00:15:18,700 President Carter had to squeezed, because inflation was becoming a bogeyman. 205 00:15:19,540 --> 00:15:21,620 Inflation is our friend. 206 00:15:23,620 --> 00:15:26,220 Then Carter appointed Paul Volcker. 207 00:15:26,580 --> 00:15:31,420 When Carter appointed me, he was hard. It was a difficult time. 208 00:15:32,100 --> 00:15:35,220 Raising interest rates is not popular. 209 00:15:35,340 --> 00:15:39,060 It was opposed the fear of recession. 210 00:15:41,100 --> 00:15:45,940 Volcker persuaded the Fed's Board of Governors to raise interest rates, but to no avail. 211 00:15:46,900 --> 00:15:52,020 He experimented with different tactics and presented intervention in the money supply. 212 00:15:52,500 --> 00:15:56,500 When he slowed down the amount of money growth rate, interest rate, of course, increased. 213 00:15:56,620 --> 00:16:01,140 No one could have foreseen all the way up the interest rate would rise. 214 00:16:01,340 --> 00:16:04,180 Ten per cent. - 15. 215 00:16:04,300 --> 00:16:06,740 20 per cent. - 21. 216 00:16:06,980 --> 00:16:09,660 Plants was not America seen before. 217 00:16:09,780 --> 00:16:14,100 He would not have reportedly believed that the interest rate should be raised to 20 per cent. 218 00:16:14,260 --> 00:16:17,300 However, he did. It required courage. 219 00:16:18,660 --> 00:16:22,220 The Fed knew that it would lead to likely recession. 220 00:16:22,540 --> 00:16:25,580 Volcker said, attaches of alignment caught - 221 00:16:25,700 --> 00:16:31,300 even when the recession began in 1981, was the longest in the postwar period. 222 00:16:32,420 --> 00:16:34,420 In the past couple of years - 223 00:16:34,540 --> 00:16:40,860 the world's political vision The Fed's role changed dramatically. 224 00:16:41,060 --> 00:16:44,740 If those decisions had been lodged tasks of politicians - 225 00:16:44,860 --> 00:16:48,940 they are not guaranteed to be voted on behalf of such a deep recession - 226 00:16:49,060 --> 00:16:51,100 lower inflation. 227 00:16:51,220 --> 00:16:54,500 Political systems is a fundamental flaw. 228 00:16:54,620 --> 00:16:58,340 If Congress representatives should vote on the measures - 229 00:16:58,460 --> 00:17:01,700 that are short-term painful - 230 00:17:01,820 --> 00:17:03,900 it does not want to succeed. 231 00:17:05,540 --> 00:17:10,220 Fortunately, sometimes there are leaders which operate far-reaching. 232 00:17:12,180 --> 00:17:14,220 They could be more. 233 00:17:14,340 --> 00:17:17,220 Paul Volcker is announced its decision to - 234 00:17:17,340 --> 00:17:21,340 that he no longer continue Chairman of the Fed's Board of Governors. 235 00:17:22,620 --> 00:17:25,980 When inflation was tamed, Volcker got to go. 236 00:17:26,140 --> 00:17:29,500 Reagan did not appoint him for a third term. 237 00:17:30,460 --> 00:17:34,620 Volcker had restored trust the dollar and the central bank. 238 00:17:34,940 --> 00:17:38,820 He had laid the foundation for an unprecedented period of prosperity. 239 00:17:40,060 --> 00:17:43,140 The successor to the task was to keep the course. 240 00:17:43,260 --> 00:17:45,940 He looked for a long time to succeed in it. 241 00:17:52,540 --> 00:17:55,060 America is morning again. 242 00:17:57,300 --> 00:18:01,500 The period from mid-1980 until about 2007 - 243 00:18:01,620 --> 00:18:07,460 had mild recessions and a reasonable period of growth. 244 00:18:07,580 --> 00:18:10,060 All seemed certain. 245 00:18:10,180 --> 00:18:13,860 Economists were talking about period of great stability. 246 00:18:14,700 --> 00:18:17,940 The underlying idea is, that the Fed is up to the task - 247 00:18:18,060 --> 00:18:20,500 and worthy of praise. 248 00:18:20,620 --> 00:18:22,620 It took a thank you receive. 249 00:18:22,740 --> 00:18:26,540 The economy was in top condition. The stock market was rising. 250 00:18:27,820 --> 00:18:29,820 The Cold War ended. 251 00:18:29,940 --> 00:18:33,460 Most of the world became interested in the market economy. 252 00:18:33,700 --> 00:18:38,300 The economy grew and unemployment was low - 253 00:18:38,420 --> 00:18:43,340 and at the same time, inflation was surprisingly very low. 254 00:18:43,460 --> 00:18:47,700 As a result of all this it was the Fed's gold time. 255 00:18:48,180 --> 00:18:52,020 Common opinion government functions changed. 256 00:18:52,780 --> 00:18:56,140 The government has not the solution to our problem. 257 00:18:56,260 --> 00:18:58,340 The government has a problem. 258 00:18:59,220 --> 00:19:03,820 There was a confidence in the market and distrust of the state authorities that - 259 00:19:03,940 --> 00:19:08,340 when the state power with suspicion disposition Alan Greenspan - 260 00:19:08,460 --> 00:19:12,020 was elected State the leadership of the most powerful institution. 261 00:19:12,260 --> 00:19:14,900 Greenspan was known at that time - 262 00:19:15,020 --> 00:19:17,900 individual praising Ayn Rand a supporter. 263 00:19:18,020 --> 00:19:23,500 I support absolutely free and unregulated economy. 264 00:19:23,620 --> 00:19:26,460 When the state is separated from the economy - 265 00:19:26,580 --> 00:19:31,620 the result is collaboration, harmony and fairness between people. 266 00:19:31,900 --> 00:19:36,140 It is absurd and Greenspan a career in the USA's point of view - 267 00:19:36,260 --> 00:19:41,660 that although he was in favor of Ayn Rand, he became a money price regulator. 268 00:19:45,900 --> 00:19:48,620 Greenspan had to test immediately. 269 00:19:48,860 --> 00:19:53,660 Value of the US stock market had more than tripled in five years. 270 00:19:53,780 --> 00:19:56,940 The reasons were the fall in interest rates, low inflation - 271 00:19:57,060 --> 00:20:00,100 and trust American capitalism. 272 00:20:00,220 --> 00:20:06,500 The point, ladies and gentlemen, is that greed is good. 273 00:20:07,220 --> 00:20:11,700 Greed was not a new exchange, but the means to satisfy it were. 274 00:20:11,820 --> 00:20:15,980 In the past, had not been used complex financial products - 275 00:20:16,100 --> 00:20:18,060 such as derivatives. 276 00:20:18,260 --> 00:20:22,260 This has been the worst day New York Stock Exchange history. 277 00:20:22,380 --> 00:20:25,380 The Dow Jones Index fell more than 500 points. 278 00:20:28,020 --> 00:20:30,540 Fear quickly spread. 279 00:20:30,740 --> 00:20:36,180 The Fed cut interest rates rapidly and increased liquidity in a transparent manner. 280 00:20:36,460 --> 00:20:39,540 Greenspan managed in that situation as well. 281 00:20:39,660 --> 00:20:43,180 He calmed the market and eased its monetary policy. 282 00:20:43,300 --> 00:20:48,500 It seemed that just kind of Monetary policy had to be. 283 00:20:49,180 --> 00:20:53,820 Then it was learned that the crisis can intervene and stop it. 284 00:20:55,540 --> 00:20:57,980 It was a historic moment - 285 00:20:58,100 --> 00:21:00,900 while a dangerous precedent. 286 00:21:01,020 --> 00:21:03,940 Fed expected from now on falling interest rates - 287 00:21:04,060 --> 00:21:09,460 in response not only to the real economy the stock market problems. 288 00:21:10,420 --> 00:21:14,700 Greenspan did not want to banks and market regulation - 289 00:21:14,820 --> 00:21:18,740 but she was arranging things and pulling the strings - 290 00:21:18,940 --> 00:21:21,980 more than any other Director-General of the Fed. 291 00:21:22,780 --> 00:21:26,340 Greenspan rejected the ideals of saving the market - 292 00:21:26,460 --> 00:21:29,420 and harjaantui intervention champion. 293 00:21:31,620 --> 00:21:37,180 The result was a US history's longest economic growth and the stock market rise season. 294 00:21:37,940 --> 00:21:42,740 Economist, who had no banking experience, had become a maestro. 295 00:21:57,860 --> 00:22:03,180 I was employed by the Fed mid-1994 - 296 00:22:03,300 --> 00:22:06,460 by 1996 the Board of Directors as Vice Chairman. 297 00:22:07,220 --> 00:22:11,220 It is not very awesome service, when was chaired by Greenspan. 298 00:22:12,100 --> 00:22:15,660 When the Director-General of Greenspan speaks, the whole world is listening. 299 00:22:16,500 --> 00:22:21,900 Alan Greenspan was in those days roughly as good as God. 300 00:22:23,420 --> 00:22:28,620 None of the people should not worship god. Greenspan was worshiped. 301 00:22:28,740 --> 00:22:32,500 People think, that adored the man knows everything. 302 00:22:33,100 --> 00:22:35,780 They think, that he will always work correctly. 303 00:22:35,900 --> 00:22:38,500 Within the Fed it meant - 304 00:22:38,620 --> 00:22:42,100 that the criticism of Greenspan was almost impossible. 305 00:22:42,860 --> 00:22:45,100 Who would object to God? 306 00:22:48,220 --> 00:22:51,700 Playing God cyclical co- 307 00:22:51,820 --> 00:22:55,980 brought Fed soon as a new challenge and a new kind of inflation. 308 00:22:56,180 --> 00:22:59,860 Came a new kind, inflation-related assets. 309 00:23:00,540 --> 00:23:03,140 The rise in prices did not apply to goods - 310 00:23:03,260 --> 00:23:07,660 but shares of real estate and other investment assets. 311 00:23:08,700 --> 00:23:12,740 It means the stock exchange rallies. All are in favor of it. 312 00:23:12,860 --> 00:23:15,220 It was the first time in the USA - 313 00:23:15,340 --> 00:23:19,980 when the stock market continued to grow 15 per cent a year for a long time. 314 00:23:20,100 --> 00:23:22,060 It was thought to be continuing. 315 00:23:22,180 --> 00:23:26,540 Everyone loves boom. Who should not? 316 00:23:29,180 --> 00:23:32,500 Greenspan worried, the boom was perhaps the bubble. 317 00:23:34,220 --> 00:23:38,900 The market did not listen, but turned against the messenger. 318 00:23:41,140 --> 00:23:46,100 He was instructed to keep hands off the stock market. 319 00:23:46,260 --> 00:23:52,020 Greenspan is perhaps the most important thing is, that he held. 320 00:23:52,140 --> 00:23:55,300 So he stopped talking overheating - 321 00:23:55,460 --> 00:23:58,580 and began instead encourages the equity markets. 322 00:23:59,020 --> 00:24:03,060 Greenspan did not subsequently reversed against public opinion. 323 00:24:04,340 --> 00:24:07,060 When share prices rose into the clouds - 324 00:24:07,180 --> 00:24:10,740 He did not do anything to curb overheating - 325 00:24:10,860 --> 00:24:14,540 but as soon as the work was reflected in even the slightest weakening of the character. 326 00:24:16,900 --> 00:24:20,860 Enormous fund The collapse shocked investors. 327 00:24:20,980 --> 00:24:24,620 Long-Term Capital Management was a large hedge fund. 328 00:24:24,740 --> 00:24:29,180 Its head was intelligent people, which, however, guessed wrong. 329 00:24:30,460 --> 00:24:35,340 The Fed held 3.5 billion-dollar rescue package. 330 00:24:36,780 --> 00:24:40,020 This kept Libertarian man - 331 00:24:40,140 --> 00:24:44,900 led in economy risks socialization. 332 00:24:45,340 --> 00:24:47,780 Do not have a free market? 333 00:24:47,900 --> 00:24:52,420 It is invisible, benevolent hand ... - That's what happens in practice. 334 00:24:53,340 --> 00:24:56,740 Greenspan served a completely different way than its predecessor. 335 00:24:57,060 --> 00:25:02,020 Wall Street gave it a name: Greenspan putt. 336 00:25:02,140 --> 00:25:04,460 Greenspan putt idea is that - 337 00:25:04,580 --> 00:25:09,100 that the risk can be taken and to push the Fed. 338 00:25:09,220 --> 00:25:13,260 "If the markets go haywire, I will save you. " 339 00:25:13,380 --> 00:25:15,980 Traders interpreted it that way. 340 00:25:16,140 --> 00:25:22,380 It carries them in difficult times. 341 00:25:22,500 --> 00:25:27,940 If the risks have saved, high-risk behavior will only grow. 342 00:25:32,100 --> 00:25:36,020 Fed imagined to be able to protect market easy money. 343 00:25:36,140 --> 00:25:41,140 However, the safety net resulted in a promise liabilities and risks dizzying growth. 344 00:25:44,260 --> 00:25:47,620 It both moved that distorted the economy. 345 00:25:49,620 --> 00:25:53,940 During Greenspan's financial sector share of the economy doubled. 346 00:25:55,580 --> 00:25:59,180 The companies that sold products before, now sold their loans. 347 00:25:59,820 --> 00:26:02,780 General Electric was mainly hedge funds. 348 00:26:02,900 --> 00:26:07,140 GM and other car manufacturers do not earned money by selling cars - 349 00:26:07,260 --> 00:26:09,260 but funding them. 350 00:26:09,900 --> 00:26:13,300 Companies who served before customers - 351 00:26:13,420 --> 00:26:16,980 Now wrap profits by trading on their own account. 352 00:26:17,100 --> 00:26:20,980 Their exotic financial products, such derivatives - 353 00:26:21,100 --> 00:26:27,380 bought and sold in secret not regulated at all. 354 00:26:30,980 --> 00:26:32,980 Regulators NOT REGULATED 355 00:26:33,500 --> 00:26:37,260 Derivative financial instruments are has grown at a phenomenal rate - 356 00:26:37,380 --> 00:26:42,540 and increased the financial system flexibility and efficiency. 357 00:26:44,420 --> 00:26:46,580 Although derivatives were - 358 00:26:46,700 --> 00:26:50,940 as well as the 1987 collapse of the At the core of the rescue package, -: LTCM 359 00:26:51,060 --> 00:26:53,620 Greenspan was opposed to their regulation. 360 00:26:53,780 --> 00:26:56,220 What worries me - 361 00:26:56,340 --> 00:27:04,140 we introduce a new kind of government regulation of shapes - 362 00:27:04,700 --> 00:27:06,700 who are not working. 363 00:27:07,300 --> 00:27:09,780 Greenspan's ideology prevailed. 364 00:27:10,060 --> 00:27:15,020 In 2008, was used more than 182 a billion dollars of taxpayers' money - 365 00:27:15,500 --> 00:27:20,220 insurance giant AIG rescuing derivative unit. 366 00:27:21,380 --> 00:27:25,900 Financial market operators are so adept - 367 00:27:26,020 --> 00:27:28,500 that they can take care of problems yourself. 368 00:27:28,620 --> 00:27:33,940 It sounds pilalta, but many actually believed that. 369 00:27:34,580 --> 00:27:38,340 Some of them were large the regulatory agencies in the lead, - 370 00:27:38,540 --> 00:27:40,460 such as Alan Greenspan. 371 00:27:42,500 --> 00:27:45,540 The Fed offered on the market incredible deal: 372 00:27:45,780 --> 00:27:48,660 no regulation, which would prevent the risk-taking - 373 00:27:48,780 --> 00:27:52,500 but if the lottery goes wrong, lower interest rates on rescue. 374 00:27:53,340 --> 00:27:57,940 US equities were soon overvalued than ever. 375 00:28:01,660 --> 00:28:04,100 STOCK BUBBLE 376 00:28:06,220 --> 00:28:09,460 Share prices rose clouds. 377 00:28:09,580 --> 00:28:13,700 New companies founded without business plans. 378 00:28:13,980 --> 00:28:17,460 Invest in syytivät for money. It was ridiculous. 379 00:28:17,900 --> 00:28:21,300 It worried us Fed. We talked about it a lot. 380 00:28:21,620 --> 00:28:23,620 Should raise interest rates - 381 00:28:23,740 --> 00:28:28,820 in order to break the bubble, before it would grow too much? 382 00:28:28,940 --> 00:28:31,500 We decided not to bring. 383 00:28:33,020 --> 00:28:36,260 Although the burst bubbles are not harmless - 384 00:28:36,500 --> 00:28:41,660 the consequences are not necessarily devastating the economy. 385 00:28:44,300 --> 00:28:48,260 In March 2000, the stock market began to decline. 386 00:28:48,380 --> 00:28:51,260 IT bubble burst and 11.9.2001 attacks - 387 00:28:51,380 --> 00:28:55,860 Greenspan was a test strain, that the bubbles could treat afterwards. 388 00:28:56,100 --> 00:28:58,820 He lowered interest rates on many occasions - 389 00:28:58,940 --> 00:29:00,940 to mitigate the damage. 390 00:29:01,380 --> 00:29:08,060 After the terrorist attacks feared left the recession, but it did not come. 391 00:29:08,820 --> 00:29:12,420 Mode The supporters might - 392 00:29:12,540 --> 00:29:18,580 the outbreak of the 2000 bubble then as proved - 393 00:29:18,700 --> 00:29:22,060 that the approach made sense. 394 00:29:22,380 --> 00:29:26,380 If this is the crash, the rise of drug was worth it. 395 00:29:27,100 --> 00:29:29,460 Is not it so? - Oh yes. 396 00:29:31,020 --> 00:29:35,220 Greenspan seemed successful again once, but in the ointment was complicated. 397 00:29:35,540 --> 00:29:39,500 The Fed had softened the IT collapse roimilla rate cut in - 398 00:29:39,780 --> 00:29:42,780 that triggered a boom. 399 00:29:43,900 --> 00:29:47,740 When interest rates fall, mortgages become cheaper. 400 00:29:48,700 --> 00:29:52,460 Which caused an unsustainable housing bubble. 401 00:29:53,940 --> 00:29:57,540 Many American is applied for financial security - 402 00:29:57,660 --> 00:29:59,660 by investing in the housing sector. 403 00:30:00,540 --> 00:30:03,420 According to the Fed the housing market is stable - 404 00:30:03,540 --> 00:30:05,900 but others warn. 405 00:30:06,700 --> 00:30:09,620 Housing Market does not come easily bubble. 406 00:30:09,740 --> 00:30:13,900 Home buyers do not speculative to the extent that equity investors. 407 00:30:14,020 --> 00:30:17,980 Ventured, nothing gained. The Fed tried. 408 00:30:18,540 --> 00:30:24,020 We ended up with Fed to promote the housing boom. 409 00:30:25,380 --> 00:30:29,140 Continue to defend the decisions we - 410 00:30:29,260 --> 00:30:33,620 the fact that employment had not grown After the bottom of the recession achievement. 411 00:30:33,740 --> 00:30:38,820 The use of the apartment as collateral for loans has supported private consumption. 412 00:30:39,620 --> 00:30:41,860 Without it - 413 00:30:41,980 --> 00:30:45,380 economic activity it would have been weaker. 414 00:30:45,620 --> 00:30:50,020 The Fed lowered its prime interest rate - 415 00:30:50,340 --> 00:30:52,580 Always one per cent. 416 00:30:52,700 --> 00:30:54,620 It was almost non-existent. 417 00:30:54,740 --> 00:30:58,060 It was the Fed's side partly intentional. 418 00:30:58,180 --> 00:31:02,420 It wanted that we take all more risks than usual. 419 00:31:03,420 --> 00:31:06,020 It is a lovely house. Koulutkin are good. 420 00:31:06,140 --> 00:31:10,740 The second is three, the second year old. - And as soon as school age. 421 00:31:12,020 --> 00:31:15,420 So you should seize. Yes you whether you survive. 422 00:31:16,660 --> 00:31:19,140 Alright. - Are you serious? 423 00:31:28,140 --> 00:31:30,180 By calculating the price of money - 424 00:31:30,300 --> 00:31:33,900 The Fed raised the borrowed money the price of the products bought. 425 00:31:37,220 --> 00:31:39,620 We prefer, for example, homes - 426 00:31:39,860 --> 00:31:43,340 because we did not want, that people would be unemployed. 427 00:31:43,460 --> 00:31:49,380 Intention was good, but we created the same incentives to borrow money. 428 00:31:50,140 --> 00:31:52,780 Household debt rose to a level - 429 00:31:53,020 --> 00:31:58,820 which is not yet 20 years previously could not imagine. 430 00:31:59,300 --> 00:32:02,700 Bush confirmed to promote homeownership by law. 431 00:32:02,820 --> 00:32:05,700 He was a good, that people have their own house. 432 00:32:05,860 --> 00:32:10,340 New construction is more lively as almost 20 years. 433 00:32:11,340 --> 00:32:14,620 Owner-occupied housing accounted for is greater than ever. 434 00:32:14,820 --> 00:32:18,460 The apartment is not, however, had their own. 435 00:32:18,580 --> 00:32:21,580 Property Owners did not own anything. 436 00:32:21,980 --> 00:32:24,140 They only had a mortgage, - 437 00:32:24,260 --> 00:32:27,700 which was a rainy day when they could remain outstanding. 438 00:32:27,820 --> 00:32:32,020 Multi-barking Americans households fools. 439 00:32:32,660 --> 00:32:35,260 The Americans took too many loans. 440 00:32:35,380 --> 00:32:40,420 They did not know how to save wisely do not borrow responsibly. 441 00:32:40,540 --> 00:32:46,740 They also do not realize that, housing prices do not always rise. 442 00:32:46,900 --> 00:32:49,340 I disagree. 443 00:32:49,700 --> 00:32:53,260 I do not want to criticize American consumers' intelligence. 444 00:32:53,380 --> 00:32:56,380 They have a whole quite reasonable. 445 00:32:56,580 --> 00:33:01,380 Lowered interest rates in 2003 and 2004. They took a loan of course. 446 00:33:01,860 --> 00:33:06,380 The Fed seemed successful and congratulated himself. 447 00:33:07,180 --> 00:33:09,340 Evidence suggests - 448 00:33:09,460 --> 00:33:14,940 that our decision to intervene in a bubble nor the consequences of the bubble itself - 449 00:33:15,540 --> 00:33:17,540 has been the right one. 450 00:33:18,300 --> 00:33:21,660 It was not a good year optimistic forecasts. 451 00:33:22,940 --> 00:33:24,940 Welcome economy grows, so - 452 00:33:25,060 --> 00:33:28,060 that people earn money and consume. 453 00:33:28,180 --> 00:33:32,380 Unhealthy economy will grow as people lend money and consume. 454 00:33:33,700 --> 00:33:37,060 Low interest rates doubled the mortgages. 455 00:33:37,180 --> 00:33:41,300 American dream became a tragedy for millions of families. 456 00:33:42,860 --> 00:33:46,660 The worst lending craze was However, elsewhere. 457 00:33:46,780 --> 00:33:52,300 Large banks seized the opportunity multiply your winnings - 458 00:33:52,860 --> 00:33:55,380 by themselves huge loans. 459 00:33:55,660 --> 00:33:58,780 They are therefore used financial leverage. 460 00:34:01,300 --> 00:34:07,180 Interest obscenity became a glaring highlight just that. 461 00:34:07,820 --> 00:34:11,780 The Fed's prime rate was Only one percent. 462 00:34:11,900 --> 00:34:16,220 Large banks gave a mortgage five to six per cent interest rate. 463 00:34:16,580 --> 00:34:21,140 If the borrowing rate is one of the and the lending rate six - 464 00:34:21,260 --> 00:34:23,660 it wraps tumbled profit. 465 00:34:24,380 --> 00:34:26,860 There was low interest rates, a problem. 466 00:34:26,980 --> 00:34:29,860 Financial institutions took too many loans - 467 00:34:29,980 --> 00:34:32,980 and gave a loan on flimsy grounds. 468 00:34:34,140 --> 00:34:38,420 With the money received for free and lending earning plenty - 469 00:34:39,580 --> 00:34:42,620 Money started even belch who are interested. 470 00:34:43,300 --> 00:34:47,460 Lehman Brothers took a cheap loan - 471 00:34:47,580 --> 00:34:51,180 mortgage-made securities - 472 00:34:51,580 --> 00:34:54,180 and spread them around the world. 473 00:34:56,740 --> 00:35:01,300 Growing and family in debt. Young couple with no down payment. 474 00:35:01,420 --> 00:35:04,460 The entrepreneur, who had a hard to prove their income. 475 00:35:04,580 --> 00:35:08,220 Three financial institutions denied these people the loan. 476 00:35:08,660 --> 00:35:12,020 My employer Countrywide gave them a loan. 477 00:35:12,780 --> 00:35:15,420 It did not make the Fed but banks - 478 00:35:15,540 --> 00:35:18,580 but the Fed should have been prevented - 479 00:35:18,700 --> 00:35:21,780 mortgage reckless grant. 480 00:35:22,500 --> 00:35:25,860 The Fed could have cut off the speculation - 481 00:35:25,980 --> 00:35:29,620 but the atmosphere in Washington was quite different. 482 00:35:29,740 --> 00:35:32,060 We take too much care - 483 00:35:32,180 --> 00:35:35,620 owner-occupied housing the importance of the economy. 484 00:35:35,740 --> 00:35:37,740 This is not about the IT bubble. 485 00:35:37,860 --> 00:35:42,660 Housing prices can rise and fall - 486 00:35:42,780 --> 00:35:47,180 but no bubble belonging to collapse does not arrive. 487 00:35:48,700 --> 00:35:54,100 Mortgage loans regulators would have been contrary to the political climate. 488 00:35:54,220 --> 00:35:58,100 The Fed would be doing so was brave. It should have been. 489 00:35:58,220 --> 00:36:02,980 Fedillä had full powers to regulate mortgage lenders from. 490 00:36:03,100 --> 00:36:05,540 It took them finally in 2008. 491 00:36:05,660 --> 00:36:09,140 It could have been abolished Lehman's subprime unit. 492 00:36:10,900 --> 00:36:14,300 You had the power to prevent reckless lending, - 493 00:36:14,420 --> 00:36:16,580 which led to the subprime crisis. 494 00:36:16,700 --> 00:36:19,820 Multi-advised you to do so. 495 00:36:19,940 --> 00:36:22,420 Now the whole economy to pay for it. 496 00:36:26,660 --> 00:36:29,820 When Alan Greenspan's season came to an end - 497 00:36:29,940 --> 00:36:33,140 he had received completion of the reform of the economy. 498 00:36:34,380 --> 00:36:37,180 The financial sector was oversized - 499 00:36:37,300 --> 00:36:40,340 as loans swollen the housing market. 500 00:36:40,460 --> 00:36:42,460 Deregulation had. 501 00:36:43,060 --> 00:36:46,660 All lived in the illusion of power, that all is well. 502 00:36:47,740 --> 00:36:51,620 Where you made a mistake? - I had a false assumption. 503 00:36:51,740 --> 00:36:56,020 I assumed incorrectly banks and other vested interests in such a way - 504 00:36:56,140 --> 00:37:01,300 that they would be able to self- to protect themselves the best. 505 00:37:02,420 --> 00:37:07,260 They assumed that it is private market principles - 506 00:37:07,380 --> 00:37:09,980 and that the people know what they are doing. 507 00:37:10,100 --> 00:37:14,540 Historians ponder for a long time is one thing. 508 00:37:15,420 --> 00:37:18,300 If Greenspan and the Fed really believed in such a way - 509 00:37:19,260 --> 00:37:24,580 why tapahtumainkulku shaken that faith? 510 00:37:31,060 --> 00:37:35,540 The most important appointments of the President is Chairman of the Fed's Board of Governors. 511 00:37:35,780 --> 00:37:41,220 For me, the most important thing is to follow continue to the principles and the means - 512 00:37:41,340 --> 00:37:43,940 which was drawn up During Greenspan. 513 00:37:44,940 --> 00:37:48,860 Ben Bernanke of the Fed's Board of Governors While a member of - 514 00:37:49,020 --> 00:37:52,460 supported by counselors, loose monetary policy. 515 00:37:53,220 --> 00:37:57,300 He had no idea, that should reap what you have sowed. 516 00:38:00,940 --> 00:38:05,860 Many economic experts talk bubble and its outbreak. 517 00:38:06,180 --> 00:38:08,620 What could at worst happen - 518 00:38:08,740 --> 00:38:12,380 if prices collapse all over the country? 519 00:38:12,860 --> 00:38:15,900 I like it highly unlikely. 520 00:38:16,020 --> 00:38:20,100 There has never been a nationwide decline in house prices. 521 00:38:20,460 --> 00:38:24,820 Bernanke should have said, that there is no bubble else has been before. 522 00:38:25,340 --> 00:38:28,380 Robert Shiller collects in Data is displayed - 523 00:38:28,500 --> 00:38:32,700 that housing prices takes place After one hundred years of steady - 524 00:38:32,900 --> 00:38:37,140 frenzied rise in three years. 525 00:38:37,580 --> 00:38:41,820 Bernanke is a pure theorist. He did not look at housing prices. 526 00:38:41,980 --> 00:38:45,020 He believed blindly market efficiency. 527 00:38:45,140 --> 00:38:48,460 Housing bubble could not have been, so why look for it? 528 00:38:48,580 --> 00:38:53,940 Bernanke's Fed made a mistake. They did not see what had to come. 529 00:38:54,340 --> 00:38:58,140 The subprime market problems is likely to remain under control. 530 00:38:58,620 --> 00:39:02,340 Upcoming issues belittled greatly. 531 00:39:04,660 --> 00:39:07,700 At some point people dawned - 532 00:39:07,820 --> 00:39:11,260 they were have taken themselves too large a burden. 533 00:39:17,620 --> 00:39:21,220 Share prices plummeted. - Financial companies are hard pressed. 534 00:39:21,340 --> 00:39:23,940 Bank of America fell 40% in the red. 535 00:39:24,060 --> 00:39:26,260 This market is controlled by fear. 536 00:39:26,380 --> 00:39:29,500 Greenspan recommended low rates of interest for everyone. 537 00:39:29,620 --> 00:39:34,180 Bernanke only theorize. He does not know anything about reality. 538 00:39:34,340 --> 00:39:39,020 When the crisis erupted, there were only Fedillä vague idea of ​​its size. 539 00:39:40,540 --> 00:39:44,460 A bank run was quite different than before. 540 00:39:45,500 --> 00:39:49,140 It concerned the banks, which the Fed was established to protect, - 541 00:39:49,260 --> 00:39:53,180 as well as hedge funds, investment banks and insurance giants, - 542 00:39:53,300 --> 00:39:55,460 that the Fed was not being monitored at all. 543 00:39:56,100 --> 00:39:58,780 AIG is in serious trouble. 544 00:39:58,900 --> 00:40:02,820 It is in dire need of money, which no person has now given. 545 00:40:03,140 --> 00:40:05,860 AIG's bankruptcy would have meant - 546 00:40:05,980 --> 00:40:09,900 deposit exodus the world's 50 largest banks. 547 00:40:10,940 --> 00:40:14,540 That would not have survived. 548 00:40:14,700 --> 00:40:19,020 We saw what happened when a couple of big the company was on the verge of bankruptcy. 549 00:40:19,140 --> 00:40:22,940 What if they would have been 15? So it was about to happen. 550 00:40:23,340 --> 00:40:25,500 The work needs credit. 551 00:40:25,620 --> 00:40:29,300 It did not pause the past interest rates. 552 00:40:29,500 --> 00:40:34,460 When faced with an emergency situation, where the heart had stopped beating, - 553 00:40:34,980 --> 00:40:37,900 we had to get it back to hit. 554 00:40:38,420 --> 00:40:42,620 American taxpayers heard this morning - 555 00:40:42,740 --> 00:40:48,140 that the Fed's rescue package to AIG consists of their money. 556 00:40:48,700 --> 00:40:53,220 The Fed pumped over crisis trillions of dollars in emergency loans - 557 00:40:53,340 --> 00:40:57,500 banks, enterprises and governments in every corner of the world. 558 00:40:57,900 --> 00:41:01,980 Measures were natural an extension of the Fed's ideology - 559 00:41:02,340 --> 00:41:04,900 but they were unheard of. 560 00:41:07,820 --> 00:41:12,700 Do you undertake, the fact that these banks will not be allowed to bankruptcy? 561 00:41:12,820 --> 00:41:16,980 It was their balance no matter what, they do not go bankrupt? 562 00:41:17,260 --> 00:41:19,260 They do not go bankrupt. 563 00:41:25,100 --> 00:41:28,260 Bernanke stopped the run on the bank. 564 00:41:28,380 --> 00:41:33,220 When the rescue package is launched recovery, the Fed increased the stakes. 565 00:41:34,740 --> 00:41:36,740 Interest rates were already at zero - 566 00:41:36,860 --> 00:41:39,900 the remainder was not so than printing money. 567 00:41:40,820 --> 00:41:44,780 It used a technique called QE, or quantitative recovery. 568 00:41:46,260 --> 00:41:48,740 The Fed bought since 2009 - 569 00:41:48,860 --> 00:41:52,500 more than $ 1.3 trillion housing and other loans - 570 00:41:52,620 --> 00:41:55,220 Fannie hill and Freddie Mac. 571 00:41:56,220 --> 00:42:00,140 It meant the housing market temporary nationalization. 572 00:42:01,380 --> 00:42:05,020 It was followed by the largest shares rally since 1932. 573 00:42:06,220 --> 00:42:08,780 When the markets froze in 2010 - 574 00:42:08,900 --> 00:42:11,740 The Fed launched the second QE-operation. 575 00:42:12,740 --> 00:42:15,420 If Greenspan putt had been subdued - 576 00:42:15,540 --> 00:42:18,220 Bernanke putt was crystal-clear. 577 00:42:18,540 --> 00:42:21,420 Hedge Fund Expert David Tepper - 578 00:42:21,540 --> 00:42:24,380 wrap impressive US $ 7.5 billion. 579 00:42:24,500 --> 00:42:27,300 How do I predicted it in 2009? - Easily. 580 00:42:27,420 --> 00:42:29,700 The government told its intentions. 581 00:42:29,820 --> 00:42:33,780 If the Fed says it will do something, Do I say, I do not agree? 582 00:42:33,900 --> 00:42:36,540 There are two different situations. 583 00:42:37,420 --> 00:42:40,260 The economy can be remedied by itself. 584 00:42:40,780 --> 00:42:43,460 Or maybe the Fed for more money. 585 00:42:43,660 --> 00:42:47,380 Until the Fed for more money, the market may fall, - 586 00:42:47,500 --> 00:42:51,540 but not much, because I have a putt (= put option). 587 00:42:51,740 --> 00:42:53,740 Fed putt to save. 588 00:42:57,460 --> 00:43:01,500 Bernanke had saved system. Or was it? 589 00:43:01,620 --> 00:43:06,500 Recycle Loans and institutions that were too big to fail - 590 00:43:06,940 --> 00:43:11,740 were kept in the liberal luonnonvalinnalta market. 591 00:43:14,140 --> 00:43:18,940 At the moment the consumer can not continue borrowing - 592 00:43:19,220 --> 00:43:22,220 and banks can not give loans. 593 00:43:22,340 --> 00:43:27,340 I think that the banking system is still insolvent. It is out of order. 594 00:43:28,740 --> 00:43:32,460 Ben Bernanke has led the Fed - 595 00:43:32,580 --> 00:43:36,260 in this country and around the world through the worst of the financial crisis. 596 00:43:36,900 --> 00:43:40,940 Great Affordability was the top the praises of the free market. 597 00:43:41,060 --> 00:43:43,900 Now it could not be further away. 598 00:43:45,020 --> 00:43:48,740 These both parties Presidents of the appointed men - 599 00:43:49,220 --> 00:43:53,620 created the country's history centrally planned economy. 600 00:43:54,060 --> 00:43:57,940 The economy is in full supported by the Central Bank of cheap credit. 601 00:43:59,180 --> 00:44:03,940 Interest rate drops from 20 to zero - 602 00:44:04,060 --> 00:44:08,900 Rescued investorsnumerous times. 603 00:44:10,100 --> 00:44:15,980 The solution is always debt Adding to promote growth. 604 00:44:21,380 --> 00:44:25,780 At the same time increased its debt mountain housing and financial markets - 605 00:44:25,900 --> 00:44:28,660 Overall growth slowed. 606 00:44:29,300 --> 00:44:34,860 A large number of resources were used medicine or engineering rather than - 607 00:44:35,740 --> 00:44:39,020 financial speculation a zero-sum game. 608 00:44:40,340 --> 00:44:43,500 Rahoitustapahtuminen Creating is not production. 609 00:44:43,620 --> 00:44:45,660 It does not affect the standard of living - 610 00:44:45,780 --> 00:44:49,900 with the exception of those few, who may be working at one site. 611 00:44:50,020 --> 00:44:54,820 They see share prices rise, sell and prosper. 612 00:44:54,940 --> 00:44:57,780 They need it for to sell the shares. 613 00:45:04,420 --> 00:45:09,220 When shares and housing prices rise - 614 00:45:09,340 --> 00:45:11,580 it is more our prosperity. 615 00:45:11,980 --> 00:45:18,060 It will help those who have shares, and hurt others. 616 00:45:18,780 --> 00:45:22,180 Financial markets was a huge amount of wealth. 617 00:45:22,380 --> 00:45:26,220 Alongside that did not show up a major improvement in the economy - 618 00:45:26,340 --> 00:45:28,620 and other people's income. 619 00:45:29,660 --> 00:45:33,740 That's what kept wealth increase - 620 00:45:33,860 --> 00:45:38,620 is only a transition to wealth those who own, - 621 00:45:39,420 --> 00:45:41,660 away from those who do not own. 622 00:45:43,020 --> 00:45:45,580 We had the illusion of prosperity. 623 00:45:45,700 --> 00:45:48,340 It went part of the Fed's population face value. 624 00:45:48,820 --> 00:45:50,940 We underestimate - 625 00:45:51,060 --> 00:45:54,940 the impact of share prices economic activity. 626 00:45:55,220 --> 00:45:58,300 I do not know, what happens to the stock market - 627 00:45:58,420 --> 00:46:02,740 but if their growth continues, it will stimulate the economy - 628 00:46:03,260 --> 00:46:08,020 more than any other. 629 00:46:09,860 --> 00:46:13,900 Buumeista, rescue packages and in spite of the easy money - 630 00:46:14,020 --> 00:46:17,580 The USA has not come in the 2000s net jobs. 631 00:46:18,540 --> 00:46:23,100 Private sector growth spirit each is stuck at zero. 632 00:46:25,860 --> 00:46:28,220 The Fed's line does not take effect. 633 00:46:28,420 --> 00:46:33,140 The current crisis can not say only that here we go again. 634 00:46:33,740 --> 00:46:35,740 The Fed announced today - 635 00:46:35,860 --> 00:46:40,420 the acquisition of 40 billion dollars mortgage papers a month. 636 00:46:40,540 --> 00:46:44,460 It calculates the interest and influence prices of shares and housing. 637 00:46:44,580 --> 00:46:48,460 If people are satisfied apartment value growth - 638 00:46:48,660 --> 00:46:50,660 consumer desire to grow. 639 00:46:51,740 --> 00:46:55,860 Can the free money created to solve the problem - 640 00:46:55,980 --> 00:46:58,220 by extending only the same model? 641 00:46:58,420 --> 00:47:00,940 Large banks collect profits. 642 00:47:01,060 --> 00:47:05,900 Yet lending to small businesses decreased in the third quarter. 643 00:47:07,780 --> 00:47:10,420 Someone will pay lower interest rates. 644 00:47:10,700 --> 00:47:15,860 It will pay us, which we deposits 0.27% in the interest rate. 645 00:47:16,140 --> 00:47:19,180 I've done work for saving the yen. 646 00:47:19,700 --> 00:47:25,340 Now the Fed decides to deprive benefits from me, so that banks will be saved. 647 00:47:25,620 --> 00:47:27,500 It is outrageous. 648 00:47:31,140 --> 00:47:35,140 Even within the Bank began criticized Bernanke companies - 649 00:47:35,260 --> 00:47:37,980 a hero financial markets. 650 00:47:38,100 --> 00:47:41,540 Printing money does not produce goods and services. 651 00:47:41,660 --> 00:47:43,740 It does not increase employment. 652 00:47:43,860 --> 00:47:47,420 It can affect the right short-term medicinal product - 653 00:47:47,940 --> 00:47:50,780 but the drug may be Sometimes the disease worse. 654 00:47:51,780 --> 00:47:55,700 We can borrow money rovioittain cheap rate of interest - 655 00:47:55,820 --> 00:47:58,780 and we can continue to do so for some time. 656 00:47:58,900 --> 00:48:06,100 There will be problems in the long term. When the game ends, and how? 657 00:48:07,740 --> 00:48:10,380 Gold portfolio restrictions are gone. 658 00:48:10,500 --> 00:48:14,140 Government opportunities to borrow money and print money - 659 00:48:14,260 --> 00:48:18,300 limited only by the size of the world seteleihimme confidence. 660 00:48:19,460 --> 00:48:22,740 The country credit rating drops for the first time - 661 00:48:22,860 --> 00:48:25,020 AAA to AA + of. 662 00:48:27,100 --> 00:48:31,980 How long will the dollar-based system take if the trust will wear off? 663 00:48:33,980 --> 00:48:37,380 The United States can pay any debt - 664 00:48:37,500 --> 00:48:40,140 because we can always print money. 665 00:48:40,740 --> 00:48:44,460 Of loans outstanding retirement the probability is zero. 666 00:48:46,220 --> 00:48:50,940 How the dollar may be more than the world's largest financial brand - 667 00:48:51,060 --> 00:48:53,700 the financial world, Coca-Cola? 668 00:48:53,860 --> 00:48:56,820 If these notes produces enough - 669 00:48:56,940 --> 00:49:03,540 and if the world's only superpower, succumbs to exercise his powers too much - 670 00:49:03,660 --> 00:49:05,660 things go wrong. 671 00:49:07,220 --> 00:49:10,220 Land, that is beyond their means for years. 672 00:49:13,500 --> 00:49:17,780 When the debt crisis began in Greece threatens the whole of Europe, we see - 673 00:49:17,940 --> 00:49:21,300 that loose money is governments just as painful - 674 00:49:21,420 --> 00:49:23,900 as it was to homeowners. 675 00:49:25,100 --> 00:49:27,620 United States of America is not Greece, - 676 00:49:27,740 --> 00:49:29,980 but the lesson is a warning. 677 00:49:30,100 --> 00:49:34,100 How was the land of the mighty any, it may collapse. 678 00:49:37,660 --> 00:49:40,500 Then comes the mother of all crises: 679 00:49:40,620 --> 00:49:45,220 big countries do not collapse unable to rescue the system. 680 00:49:45,340 --> 00:49:47,660 It is a crisis we should be afraid of. 681 00:49:55,260 --> 00:50:01,380 Good choices to be made time was In the 1990s and early 2000s. 682 00:50:01,940 --> 00:50:05,900 The United States did not where good choices. 683 00:50:06,740 --> 00:50:12,260 Now we have in front of a bunch of bad alternatives. 684 00:50:13,460 --> 00:50:17,580 If we do not do difficult choice now - 685 00:50:17,700 --> 00:50:21,460 there is still a uncomfortable options. 686 00:50:22,700 --> 00:50:26,980 How many times - 687 00:50:29,380 --> 00:50:33,060 have you heard someone say: 688 00:50:37,260 --> 00:50:41,580 "If I had money than he - 689 00:50:44,620 --> 00:50:48,740 I could live the way I want. " 690 00:50:50,660 --> 00:50:56,060 We have over the last 20 years forgotten who we are. 691 00:50:56,180 --> 00:51:01,060 We are mainly focusing on what kind of houses and cars we have. 692 00:51:01,940 --> 00:51:06,820 The United States has spent produced more than - 693 00:51:06,940 --> 00:51:09,060 at least a decade. 694 00:51:09,580 --> 00:51:15,100 Which country will be able to continue it? 695 00:51:16,420 --> 00:51:20,580 The Board of Directors and the Fed encourage people to consume. 696 00:51:20,700 --> 00:51:22,740 Such an economy is not stable. 697 00:51:23,740 --> 00:51:28,740 The US economy probably will not grow at great speed. How about it. 698 00:51:29,380 --> 00:51:33,380 We should learn to be satisfied with what we have. 699 00:51:33,500 --> 00:51:36,580 Under the current system seeks to - 700 00:51:36,700 --> 00:51:40,020 that people want more than they have. 701 00:51:40,260 --> 00:51:43,700 If they can not always just more, they are unhappy. 702 00:51:44,700 --> 00:51:48,460 They do not know - 703 00:51:51,420 --> 00:51:55,180 that it is difficult to find - 704 00:51:57,580 --> 00:52:00,860 a rich man in ten, - 705 00:52:05,020 --> 00:52:09,380 which is also satisfied. 706 00:52:13,660 --> 00:52:17,260 When the road has been a long time - 707 00:52:17,380 --> 00:52:20,260 and bias are grown up - 708 00:52:20,940 --> 00:52:25,860 what means a bad way get better? 709 00:52:25,980 --> 00:52:29,020 We need to create something, what the world wants. 710 00:52:29,300 --> 00:52:32,580 We must return to the United States to do so. 711 00:52:33,140 --> 00:52:36,380 Long-term growth Behind the real world - 712 00:52:36,500 --> 00:52:40,180 training, investment, labor quality, expertise. 713 00:52:40,940 --> 00:52:45,740 Among the issues should worry about. - We are still the world's largest exporter. 714 00:52:45,900 --> 00:52:50,740 We have the people and expertise. We just need incentives. 715 00:52:51,180 --> 00:52:54,380 We need to get the economy - 716 00:52:54,500 --> 00:52:59,140 which uses its resources and which has full employment. 717 00:52:59,260 --> 00:53:05,220 It must do so, that there is no need for any bubbles. 718 00:53:05,340 --> 00:53:11,300 Resources should be used firmly and responsibly. 719 00:53:11,420 --> 00:53:15,780 Interest must be such as to that they do not take up säästämishalua. 720 00:53:15,900 --> 00:53:19,140 We need fewer subsidies housing, loans - 721 00:53:19,260 --> 00:53:21,500 and domestic consumption. 722 00:53:22,500 --> 00:53:26,340 It means to achieve healthier growth - 723 00:53:26,460 --> 00:53:30,660 and the burden of debt is gradually reduced. 724 00:53:31,020 --> 00:53:34,940 The transition process becomes painful. 725 00:53:35,660 --> 00:53:41,260 Then the question arises, how much Now may suffer tomorrow. 726 00:53:42,220 --> 00:53:46,740 Inflation ran out, because people wanted it to end. 727 00:53:46,860 --> 00:53:48,980 This is a democratic country. 728 00:53:49,540 --> 00:53:53,100 What do we want the Fed to do to us? 729 00:53:53,220 --> 00:53:57,780 We want as little inflation and relatively stable growth. 730 00:53:57,900 --> 00:54:03,660 We can expect that it will work will be better than before. 731 00:54:06,420 --> 00:54:09,620 It is tempting to think, that the crisis is over - 732 00:54:09,940 --> 00:54:13,300 but we may have getting eye of a storm. 733 00:54:13,940 --> 00:54:16,940 Access to the boom and the collapse of the spiral - 734 00:54:17,060 --> 00:54:19,140 Fediltä requires a new approach. 735 00:54:20,940 --> 00:54:24,060 We make a choice. 736 00:54:24,780 --> 00:54:30,220 Do we want to support the Central Bank, when it increases to much interest, - 737 00:54:30,340 --> 00:54:33,220 that saving value rises again - 738 00:54:33,940 --> 00:54:38,180 and society can begin to build for the future? 739 00:54:40,220 --> 00:54:43,620 Easy I have this dish out advice. 740 00:54:44,060 --> 00:54:47,340 Their implementation it is difficult for anyone: 741 00:54:47,460 --> 00:54:51,620 Congress, the President of and the US central bank. 742 00:54:54,260 --> 00:54:57,860 More than ever During the century-old history - 743 00:54:58,180 --> 00:55:01,780 Fedillä is in his hands The future of our economic system. 744 00:55:03,100 --> 00:55:06,700 Can the Fed to promote a sustainable economy? 745 00:55:07,740 --> 00:55:11,100 An economy that is not based on equity and asuntokupliin - 746 00:55:11,220 --> 00:55:14,260 but reasonable, productive investment - 747 00:55:14,580 --> 00:55:18,180 that do not enrich , few, but for all? 748 00:55:20,980 --> 00:55:25,780 Or provides further empty promise of free money? 749 00:55:26,580 --> 00:55:36,180 Hacked by Carlos Meinhof 65551

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