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The US dollar is the currency of history
The most significant achievement.
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00:00:25,740 --> 00:00:29,340
It is a piece of paper, which
Production at no cost.
3
00:00:29,460 --> 00:00:34,820
On the back are just Ben S.
Bernanke and the US Congress.
4
00:00:35,300 --> 00:00:39,540
Yet that piece of paper is
a valuable and respected.
5
00:00:39,660 --> 00:00:43,980
Will the dollar be other than
the world's great financial brand -
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00:00:44,100 --> 00:00:46,660
the financial world, Coca-Cola?
7
00:00:47,180 --> 00:00:49,060
Soon it will be seen.
8
00:00:58,500 --> 00:01:00,620
Since 1971, -
9
00:01:00,780 --> 00:01:03,900
US dollar
and the world's financial system -
10
00:01:04,020 --> 00:01:06,620
are based on
Only trust.
11
00:01:07,420 --> 00:01:10,940
A guarantee of confidence
has been the guardian of the system:
12
00:01:11,100 --> 00:01:15,820
The US Federal Reserve
ie the Fed.
13
00:01:18,980 --> 00:01:22,300
The US dollar is the world's
the main reserve currency.
14
00:01:22,420 --> 00:01:26,860
We measure the time,
products and own our value.
15
00:01:27,660 --> 00:01:31,340
The system is based on
faith and trust.
16
00:01:31,460 --> 00:01:35,260
They both
began to fall off in autumn 2007.
17
00:01:36,820 --> 00:01:39,860
Interest collapse
triggered the housing boom.
18
00:01:39,980 --> 00:01:42,100
When interest rates are rising again -
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00:01:42,220 --> 00:01:45,220
many makes tight
to pay back the loan.
20
00:01:45,340 --> 00:01:48,700
14 million people
has taken the mortgage.
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00:01:48,820 --> 00:01:52,220
As many as seven million of them
losing their homes.
22
00:01:53,460 --> 00:01:58,020
Fed thought it was a minor problem.
23
00:01:58,380 --> 00:02:00,500
At the beginning of the crisis, talking about -
24
00:02:00,620 --> 00:02:03,500
subprime mortgage
problem.
25
00:02:04,220 --> 00:02:07,620
The problem continued to increase.
26
00:02:07,900 --> 00:02:10,460
The mortgage market is a mess.
27
00:02:10,580 --> 00:02:14,060
The authorities are trying to
to save Lehman Brothers.
28
00:02:14,180 --> 00:02:17,420
You have a
electronic bank run banks.
29
00:02:17,540 --> 00:02:20,220
The central bank Fed estimates -
30
00:02:20,340 --> 00:02:25,980
that the American banks' accounts
had lost $ 5.5 billion.
31
00:02:26,220 --> 00:02:28,780
It would have led to the collapse
the country's economy -
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00:02:28,900 --> 00:02:32,220
and within a day
the entire global economy.
33
00:02:32,420 --> 00:02:36,060
It would have meant the current
the end of the economic system.
34
00:02:37,860 --> 00:02:40,740
The Congress was not able to
to act in time.
35
00:02:41,380 --> 00:02:43,460
That's why we looked Fed -
36
00:02:43,580 --> 00:02:46,820
the stabilization of the economy
is our mission.
37
00:02:47,060 --> 00:02:50,420
It is not part of the central bank
the normal tasks.
38
00:02:51,060 --> 00:02:54,220
When politicians debated,
The Fed took action.
39
00:02:54,620 --> 00:02:58,580
It has used the unlimited jurisdiction
to create money -
40
00:02:59,340 --> 00:03:03,820
and lent trillions of dollars
all types of businesses.
41
00:03:04,020 --> 00:03:06,740
Congressional Support
was small in parallel.
42
00:03:06,860 --> 00:03:10,420
Men across the street and most of the politicians
did not understand -
43
00:03:10,540 --> 00:03:12,700
that if nothing had been done -
44
00:03:12,820 --> 00:03:15,780
mm. General Electric,
Berkshire Hathaway -
45
00:03:15,900 --> 00:03:19,500
General Motors
and Citigroup would be destroyed.
46
00:03:19,940 --> 00:03:22,500
We came to the edge -
47
00:03:22,620 --> 00:03:26,140
and we saw how deep it was.
48
00:03:27,180 --> 00:03:29,260
The Fed was forced to intervene.
49
00:03:29,820 --> 00:03:34,100
The Fed was founded in 1913 -
50
00:03:34,460 --> 00:03:38,820
to improve the financial system
liquidity -
51
00:03:38,940 --> 00:03:41,500
Financial panics times.
52
00:03:45,700 --> 00:03:49,220
"Here rukataan interest rates."
53
00:03:49,420 --> 00:03:53,340
What do you know Fedistä? - I do not much.
54
00:03:53,980 --> 00:03:59,940
The Fed seems to be the people
like a black box.
55
00:04:00,460 --> 00:04:03,060
To take care of the currency?
I do not know.
56
00:04:03,180 --> 00:04:06,180
It has something to do with money.
57
00:04:06,620 --> 00:04:09,500
It regulates the stock market.
58
00:04:09,660 --> 00:04:13,740
We are human mystery.
They do not know what we are doing.
59
00:04:13,980 --> 00:04:17,020
Sounds like
as it would weigh money. Nope.
60
00:04:17,580 --> 00:04:23,100
One myth is that we print
money. We do not print money.
61
00:04:23,380 --> 00:04:25,380
Will the Fed taxpayers' money?
62
00:04:25,500 --> 00:04:28,700
No. It's what we do,
is closer to the printing of currency.
63
00:04:28,820 --> 00:04:31,820
You press the money. - Practice.
64
00:04:38,100 --> 00:04:40,260
What is the Fed's job is?
65
00:04:41,420 --> 00:04:45,820
It controls the money supply, determines
interest rates and regulates banks.
66
00:04:45,940 --> 00:04:49,860
It should ensure that the financial system
security and stability.
67
00:04:50,860 --> 00:04:53,900
The Fed should be safeguarded
financial stability -
68
00:04:54,020 --> 00:04:56,980
and prevent the market
from falling into chaos.
69
00:04:57,100 --> 00:05:02,020
In general, it can do it,
but otherwise it was the summer of 2008.
70
00:05:02,820 --> 00:05:04,820
What followed was chaos.
71
00:05:06,340 --> 00:05:08,900
What caused the crisis?
72
00:05:09,620 --> 00:05:12,980
What took history
prosperous country to its knees?
73
00:05:14,180 --> 00:05:17,900
Many economists
and Fed officials said that -
74
00:05:18,020 --> 00:05:20,580
eye of the storm was the Fed itself.
75
00:05:21,180 --> 00:05:23,820
The Fed kept interest rates
and hold for too long.
76
00:05:23,980 --> 00:05:28,180
It seemed to housing price bubbles.
77
00:05:28,340 --> 00:05:30,340
Warnings included.
78
00:05:30,900 --> 00:05:33,300
When interest rates are lowered until -
79
00:05:33,420 --> 00:05:36,780
will boom and then
is likely to collapse.
80
00:05:37,500 --> 00:05:42,500
The Fed did not stop the housing bubble
and the sub-prime lending.
81
00:05:42,860 --> 00:05:46,740
It failed completely
the fight against the financial crisis.
82
00:05:46,860 --> 00:05:49,500
We are not regulated -
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00:05:49,620 --> 00:05:52,380
financial system
the most important part.
84
00:05:52,980 --> 00:05:59,220
None of the Fed employs olleista
does not rejoice in the fact that someone mohli.
85
00:05:59,340 --> 00:06:03,780
It is important to recognize,
the big mistakes are made.
86
00:06:04,020 --> 00:06:07,780
Is System of Central Banks
failed?
87
00:06:07,940 --> 00:06:13,700
I know that my time is over,
but I completely disagree.
88
00:06:17,020 --> 00:06:22,340
Things generally intended to remedy,
but now that has not been made.
89
00:06:22,500 --> 00:06:27,620
Everyone wants to say,
that the problems have been solved.
90
00:06:27,740 --> 00:06:30,580
In fact, beg a new crisis.
91
00:06:30,700 --> 00:06:35,020
This is a trial,
which has never been done before.
92
00:06:35,620 --> 00:06:38,260
The Fed operates without preparation.
93
00:06:39,700 --> 00:06:45,860
It is important to consider carefully,
what the Fed did.
94
00:06:45,980 --> 00:06:51,620
The mistakes made, the blame game instead
we need to think about -
95
00:06:51,740 --> 00:06:55,620
the role of central banks
should in future be.
96
00:06:55,740 --> 00:07:00,020
We want to avoid contact
again the same kind of mess.
97
00:07:02,980 --> 00:07:04,980
It is not the first time -
98
00:07:05,100 --> 00:07:08,260
when you protect the economy
within the meaning of the central bank -
99
00:07:08,380 --> 00:07:10,740
has taken us into the brink of the abyss.
100
00:07:13,980 --> 00:07:16,860
World real currency
is trust.
101
00:07:17,420 --> 00:07:21,220
When it disappears,
The Fed's ability to learn from past -
102
00:07:21,340 --> 00:07:23,340
and whether it has time to learn from?
103
00:07:23,460 --> 00:07:28,420
None of the big country
has not yet collapsed.
104
00:07:30,300 --> 00:07:32,660
Such a crisis is to be feared.
105
00:07:32,820 --> 00:07:36,380
How strongly believe!
that you will be able to monitor this?
106
00:07:36,500 --> 00:07:38,460
One hundred percent.
107
00:07:41,420 --> 00:07:45,700
Before, it was the United Kingdom.
Now it's England or Britain.
108
00:07:46,700 --> 00:07:49,500
Britain was
tiny place -
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00:07:49,620 --> 00:07:54,460
a currency tied to gold
was good enough for all around the world.
110
00:07:54,660 --> 00:07:58,580
The Bank of England
exchange of banknotes into gold -
111
00:07:58,700 --> 00:08:00,820
at a predetermined rate.
112
00:08:01,220 --> 00:08:06,580
The gold standard currency, ie tying
Precious metal is a way -
113
00:08:06,700 --> 00:08:12,540
to stabilize the value of the currency and limits
excessive printing of banknotes.
114
00:08:16,820 --> 00:08:21,780
World War I
a collapse of the world.
115
00:08:22,100 --> 00:08:25,980
European powers needed
money to finance the war -
116
00:08:26,100 --> 00:08:28,100
and abandoned the gold standard.
117
00:08:29,460 --> 00:08:34,100
When Britain was bankrupt, and
Germany hyperinflation ravaged, -
118
00:08:35,300 --> 00:08:40,860
USA's new central bank and gold
tied to foreign currency rose by management.
119
00:08:43,020 --> 00:08:46,500
Fedillä has the power to create money.
120
00:08:46,780 --> 00:08:50,380
If I recall the basement of money,
I counterfeiter.
121
00:08:50,540 --> 00:08:54,980
When the Fed to use electronic
printing machine, it is monetary policy.
122
00:08:57,340 --> 00:09:02,180
The Fed conducts monetary policy
creating or destroying money -
123
00:09:02,300 --> 00:09:04,860
calculate
or to raise interest rates.
124
00:09:05,220 --> 00:09:10,380
If it's more money, it will
the introduction of more and interest rates fall.
125
00:09:10,580 --> 00:09:13,140
It promotes
borrowing and consumption.
126
00:09:13,500 --> 00:09:15,580
If the Fed reduces the money -
127
00:09:15,700 --> 00:09:19,620
borrowing and consumption fall,
and saving is increased.
128
00:09:19,740 --> 00:09:23,700
Raising interest rates slowed down
the economy and inflation, -
129
00:09:23,820 --> 00:09:26,740
whereas the fall in interest rates accelerated.
130
00:09:28,780 --> 00:09:33,820
When the Fed change the interest rates,
it presses the gas or brake.
131
00:09:35,180 --> 00:09:39,180
The Fed began to use
new powers in the 1920s -
132
00:09:39,300 --> 00:09:41,540
Control of the economy: the United States.
133
00:09:43,060 --> 00:09:46,420
The Fed moved to control the whole of the economy.
134
00:09:47,220 --> 00:09:53,020
The first trial was a large
during the recession. It was not successful.
135
00:09:59,780 --> 00:10:02,100
Turbulent 20th century took place -
136
00:10:02,220 --> 00:10:05,700
first Fed launched
the rise in drug and collapse.
137
00:10:05,900 --> 00:10:10,460
Low interest rates, the Fed boosted
unintentionally stock exchange and debt bubble.
138
00:10:11,220 --> 00:10:15,740
Speculators took loans
more than the money in circulation.
139
00:10:17,300 --> 00:10:21,980
Fed tightened the reins and the beasts
raised interest rates sharply in 1928.
140
00:10:22,300 --> 00:10:26,180
It laid the foundation Lama
and a stock market crash.
141
00:10:31,860 --> 00:10:35,820
New York City area in its capacity
After the collapse of properly.
142
00:10:35,940 --> 00:10:39,860
It increased the money market
liquidity and stopped the panic.
143
00:10:40,220 --> 00:10:43,220
Washington, DC
functional Board feared -
144
00:10:43,340 --> 00:10:49,020
that stimulus policies would accelerate
while speculation and inflation.
145
00:10:49,220 --> 00:10:52,260
Therefore, the Fed dropped
stimulus policies.
146
00:10:52,380 --> 00:10:56,460
The banks got into trouble,
but the Fed did nothing.
147
00:10:59,140 --> 00:11:04,500
When banks began to go bad,
deposits were transferred shelved.
148
00:11:04,620 --> 00:11:07,220
The banks had no money,
what you borrow.
149
00:11:07,340 --> 00:11:09,340
The economy began to decline.
150
00:11:09,460 --> 00:11:13,100
Due to the gold stock had a difficult
decide what should be done.
151
00:11:13,220 --> 00:11:16,020
We tried to protect the gold; -
152
00:11:16,140 --> 00:11:19,780
which required raising interest rates
just the wrong time.
153
00:11:21,180 --> 00:11:24,500
Additional money supply
would have prevented the fall in prices, -
154
00:11:24,620 --> 00:11:27,060
but the Fed gave
the supply of collapse.
155
00:11:27,180 --> 00:11:30,500
That is why the recession turned into a recession.
156
00:11:35,660 --> 00:11:39,860
Fed by no means caused
Great Depression intentionally.
157
00:11:40,300 --> 00:11:45,460
It wanted to correct the situation,
but it was the wrong diagnosis.
158
00:11:46,300 --> 00:11:49,180
Many people nowadays think.
159
00:11:49,300 --> 00:11:52,620
The Fed's current Director General
Ben Bernanke has said -
160
00:11:52,740 --> 00:11:57,100
that the Fed caused the Great Depression
and not do it again.
161
00:11:58,340 --> 00:12:04,380
The Fed was wrong, what we
all the sufferings of the teaching.
162
00:12:04,500 --> 00:12:07,180
The first big mistake was the Great Depression -
163
00:12:07,300 --> 00:12:10,220
and the second error was high inflation.
164
00:12:24,620 --> 00:12:29,260
The following crisis the money was not
too little, but too much.
165
00:12:33,900 --> 00:12:37,420
1960 mid-term
had a nice time.
166
00:12:37,620 --> 00:12:40,340
There was no inflation
and unemployment -
167
00:12:40,460 --> 00:12:43,620
and Washington, DC
There was self-righteous.
168
00:12:44,780 --> 00:12:48,460
Underneath
However, brewing problems.
169
00:12:50,580 --> 00:12:53,460
President
Lyndon Johnson's reforms -
170
00:12:53,580 --> 00:12:56,500
and the Vietnam War
a major expansion -
171
00:12:56,700 --> 00:12:59,260
increased state spending significantly.
172
00:12:59,580 --> 00:13:01,820
Prices skyrocket In up.
173
00:13:02,060 --> 00:13:08,140
The Vietnam War meant
the government organized by inflation.
174
00:13:08,940 --> 00:13:13,620
The conservation value of the dollar necessitated
Bill Martin from raising key interest rates, -
175
00:13:14,100 --> 00:13:16,700
as he had done
Since 1951, -
176
00:13:17,580 --> 00:13:20,700
but Lyndon Johnson
had a different president.
177
00:13:21,060 --> 00:13:26,100
Johnson banned from raising interest rates and
jeopardizing the reform agenda.
178
00:13:26,220 --> 00:13:30,540
He did not want to depression and stressed
the importance of the war. The Fed gave up.
179
00:13:30,700 --> 00:13:32,700
The results were disastrous.
180
00:13:32,900 --> 00:13:37,860
The Vietnam War
and Johnson reform programs -
181
00:13:38,140 --> 00:13:41,700
were too much for the economy
and created massive inflation.
182
00:13:41,820 --> 00:13:44,540
In 1971, it was clear -
183
00:13:44,660 --> 00:13:48,020
that the dollar could
no longer change into gold.
184
00:13:48,460 --> 00:13:51,180
In the end, Nixon spoke on television.
185
00:13:51,380 --> 00:13:54,100
I told you
Minister of Finance -
186
00:13:54,220 --> 00:13:59,220
suspend until further notice
dollar convertibility to gold.
187
00:13:59,900 --> 00:14:02,700
That was the beginning
modernization of inflation.
188
00:14:05,180 --> 00:14:09,060
For the first time in history,
the dollar was just a piece of paper.
189
00:14:09,260 --> 00:14:13,060
It was supported by only trust
policy of the central bank.
190
00:14:13,580 --> 00:14:19,020
What does this mean for citizens?
Value of the dollar will remain unchanged.
191
00:14:19,900 --> 00:14:23,380
The promise of the realization of
depended on the Fed's actions.
192
00:14:23,740 --> 00:14:28,300
Fed Nixon bowed to pressure
and clung to false economic theories -
193
00:14:28,420 --> 00:14:30,740
and refused to lifting interest rates.
194
00:14:32,100 --> 00:14:35,700
Cost of living
more than doubled in 10 years -
195
00:14:35,860 --> 00:14:38,540
and the dollar lost
more than half of its value.
196
00:14:40,980 --> 00:14:44,300
At the end of the 70's
The situation was very confused.
197
00:14:46,660 --> 00:14:49,660
Prices rose
During the Carter clouds.
198
00:14:49,860 --> 00:14:55,540
People began to murmur continuous
inflation fueled a policy.
199
00:14:55,660 --> 00:14:59,260
It is terrible when you have to
to pay so much for so little while.
200
00:14:59,420 --> 00:15:04,500
Prices have gone up to the 1979
in the first quarter -
201
00:15:04,620 --> 00:15:07,180
13 per cent per annum.
202
00:15:07,380 --> 00:15:11,100
How long inflation
galloping out of control?
203
00:15:11,220 --> 00:15:13,220
Probably for many years.
204
00:15:13,820 --> 00:15:18,700
President Carter had to squeezed,
because inflation was becoming a bogeyman.
205
00:15:19,540 --> 00:15:21,620
Inflation is our friend.
206
00:15:23,620 --> 00:15:26,220
Then Carter
appointed Paul Volcker.
207
00:15:26,580 --> 00:15:31,420
When Carter appointed me,
he was hard. It was a difficult time.
208
00:15:32,100 --> 00:15:35,220
Raising interest rates
is not popular.
209
00:15:35,340 --> 00:15:39,060
It was opposed
the fear of recession.
210
00:15:41,100 --> 00:15:45,940
Volcker persuaded the Fed's Board of Governors
to raise interest rates, but to no avail.
211
00:15:46,900 --> 00:15:52,020
He experimented with different tactics and presented
intervention in the money supply.
212
00:15:52,500 --> 00:15:56,500
When he slowed down the amount of money
growth rate, interest rate, of course, increased.
213
00:15:56,620 --> 00:16:01,140
No one could have foreseen all the way up the interest rate would rise.
214
00:16:01,340 --> 00:16:04,180
Ten per cent.
- 15.
215
00:16:04,300 --> 00:16:06,740
20 per cent. - 21.
216
00:16:06,980 --> 00:16:09,660
Plants was not
America seen before.
217
00:16:09,780 --> 00:16:14,100
He would not have reportedly believed that
the interest rate should be raised to 20 per cent.
218
00:16:14,260 --> 00:16:17,300
However, he did.
It required courage.
219
00:16:18,660 --> 00:16:22,220
The Fed knew that it would lead to
likely recession.
220
00:16:22,540 --> 00:16:25,580
Volcker said,
attaches of alignment caught -
221
00:16:25,700 --> 00:16:31,300
even when the recession began in 1981,
was the longest in the postwar period.
222
00:16:32,420 --> 00:16:34,420
In the past couple of years -
223
00:16:34,540 --> 00:16:40,860
the world's political vision
The Fed's role changed dramatically.
224
00:16:41,060 --> 00:16:44,740
If those decisions had been lodged
tasks of politicians -
225
00:16:44,860 --> 00:16:48,940
they are not guaranteed to be voted
on behalf of such a deep recession -
226
00:16:49,060 --> 00:16:51,100
lower inflation.
227
00:16:51,220 --> 00:16:54,500
Political systems
is a fundamental flaw.
228
00:16:54,620 --> 00:16:58,340
If Congress representatives
should vote on the measures -
229
00:16:58,460 --> 00:17:01,700
that are
short-term painful -
230
00:17:01,820 --> 00:17:03,900
it does not want to succeed.
231
00:17:05,540 --> 00:17:10,220
Fortunately, sometimes there are leaders
which operate far-reaching.
232
00:17:12,180 --> 00:17:14,220
They could be more.
233
00:17:14,340 --> 00:17:17,220
Paul Volcker is
announced its decision to -
234
00:17:17,340 --> 00:17:21,340
that he no longer continue
Chairman of the Fed's Board of Governors.
235
00:17:22,620 --> 00:17:25,980
When inflation was tamed,
Volcker got to go.
236
00:17:26,140 --> 00:17:29,500
Reagan did not appoint him
for a third term.
237
00:17:30,460 --> 00:17:34,620
Volcker had restored trust
the dollar and the central bank.
238
00:17:34,940 --> 00:17:38,820
He had laid the foundation for an unprecedented period of prosperity.
239
00:17:40,060 --> 00:17:43,140
The successor to the task
was to keep the course.
240
00:17:43,260 --> 00:17:45,940
He looked for a long time
to succeed in it.
241
00:17:52,540 --> 00:17:55,060
America is morning again.
242
00:17:57,300 --> 00:18:01,500
The period from mid-1980
until about 2007 -
243
00:18:01,620 --> 00:18:07,460
had mild recessions
and a reasonable period of growth.
244
00:18:07,580 --> 00:18:10,060
All seemed certain.
245
00:18:10,180 --> 00:18:13,860
Economists were talking about
period of great stability.
246
00:18:14,700 --> 00:18:17,940
The underlying idea is,
that the Fed is up to the task -
247
00:18:18,060 --> 00:18:20,500
and worthy of praise.
248
00:18:20,620 --> 00:18:22,620
It took a thank you receive.
249
00:18:22,740 --> 00:18:26,540
The economy was in top condition.
The stock market was rising.
250
00:18:27,820 --> 00:18:29,820
The Cold War ended.
251
00:18:29,940 --> 00:18:33,460
Most of the world
became interested in the market economy.
252
00:18:33,700 --> 00:18:38,300
The economy grew
and unemployment was low -
253
00:18:38,420 --> 00:18:43,340
and at the same time, inflation
was surprisingly very low.
254
00:18:43,460 --> 00:18:47,700
As a result of all this
it was the Fed's gold time.
255
00:18:48,180 --> 00:18:52,020
Common opinion
government functions changed.
256
00:18:52,780 --> 00:18:56,140
The government has not
the solution to our problem.
257
00:18:56,260 --> 00:18:58,340
The government has a problem.
258
00:18:59,220 --> 00:19:03,820
There was a confidence in the market and
distrust of the state authorities that -
259
00:19:03,940 --> 00:19:08,340
when the state power with suspicion
disposition Alan Greenspan -
260
00:19:08,460 --> 00:19:12,020
was elected State
the leadership of the most powerful institution.
261
00:19:12,260 --> 00:19:14,900
Greenspan was known at that time -
262
00:19:15,020 --> 00:19:17,900
individual praising Ayn Rand
a supporter.
263
00:19:18,020 --> 00:19:23,500
I support absolutely free
and unregulated economy.
264
00:19:23,620 --> 00:19:26,460
When the state is separated from the economy -
265
00:19:26,580 --> 00:19:31,620
the result is collaboration, harmony and
fairness between people.
266
00:19:31,900 --> 00:19:36,140
It is absurd and Greenspan
a career in the USA's point of view -
267
00:19:36,260 --> 00:19:41,660
that although he was in favor of Ayn Rand,
he became a money price regulator.
268
00:19:45,900 --> 00:19:48,620
Greenspan had to test immediately.
269
00:19:48,860 --> 00:19:53,660
Value of the US stock market had more than tripled in five years.
270
00:19:53,780 --> 00:19:56,940
The reasons were the fall in interest rates,
low inflation -
271
00:19:57,060 --> 00:20:00,100
and trust
American capitalism.
272
00:20:00,220 --> 00:20:06,500
The point, ladies and gentlemen,
is that greed is good.
273
00:20:07,220 --> 00:20:11,700
Greed was not a new exchange,
but the means to satisfy it were.
274
00:20:11,820 --> 00:20:15,980
In the past, had not been used
complex financial products -
275
00:20:16,100 --> 00:20:18,060
such as derivatives.
276
00:20:18,260 --> 00:20:22,260
This has been the worst day
New York Stock Exchange history.
277
00:20:22,380 --> 00:20:25,380
The Dow Jones Index
fell more than 500 points.
278
00:20:28,020 --> 00:20:30,540
Fear quickly spread.
279
00:20:30,740 --> 00:20:36,180
The Fed cut interest rates rapidly
and increased liquidity in a transparent manner.
280
00:20:36,460 --> 00:20:39,540
Greenspan managed
in that situation as well.
281
00:20:39,660 --> 00:20:43,180
He calmed the market
and eased its monetary policy.
282
00:20:43,300 --> 00:20:48,500
It seemed that just kind of
Monetary policy had to be.
283
00:20:49,180 --> 00:20:53,820
Then it was learned that the crisis
can intervene and stop it.
284
00:20:55,540 --> 00:20:57,980
It was a historic moment -
285
00:20:58,100 --> 00:21:00,900
while
a dangerous precedent.
286
00:21:01,020 --> 00:21:03,940
Fed expected from now on
falling interest rates -
287
00:21:04,060 --> 00:21:09,460
in response not only to the real economy
the stock market problems.
288
00:21:10,420 --> 00:21:14,700
Greenspan did not want to banks
and market regulation -
289
00:21:14,820 --> 00:21:18,740
but she was arranging things
and pulling the strings -
290
00:21:18,940 --> 00:21:21,980
more than any other
Director-General of the Fed.
291
00:21:22,780 --> 00:21:26,340
Greenspan rejected the ideals of saving the market -
292
00:21:26,460 --> 00:21:29,420
and harjaantui intervention champion.
293
00:21:31,620 --> 00:21:37,180
The result was a US history's longest
economic growth and the stock market rise season.
294
00:21:37,940 --> 00:21:42,740
Economist, who had no
banking experience, had become a maestro.
295
00:21:57,860 --> 00:22:03,180
I was employed by the Fed
mid-1994 -
296
00:22:03,300 --> 00:22:06,460
by 1996
the Board of Directors as Vice Chairman.
297
00:22:07,220 --> 00:22:11,220
It is not very awesome service,
when was chaired by Greenspan.
298
00:22:12,100 --> 00:22:15,660
When the Director-General of Greenspan speaks,
the whole world is listening.
299
00:22:16,500 --> 00:22:21,900
Alan Greenspan was in those days
roughly as good as God.
300
00:22:23,420 --> 00:22:28,620
None of the people should not worship
god. Greenspan was worshiped.
301
00:22:28,740 --> 00:22:32,500
People think,
that adored the man knows everything.
302
00:22:33,100 --> 00:22:35,780
They think,
that he will always work correctly.
303
00:22:35,900 --> 00:22:38,500
Within the Fed
it meant -
304
00:22:38,620 --> 00:22:42,100
that the criticism of Greenspan
was almost impossible.
305
00:22:42,860 --> 00:22:45,100
Who would object to God?
306
00:22:48,220 --> 00:22:51,700
Playing God
cyclical co-
307
00:22:51,820 --> 00:22:55,980
brought Fed soon as a new challenge
and a new kind of inflation.
308
00:22:56,180 --> 00:22:59,860
Came a new kind,
inflation-related assets.
309
00:23:00,540 --> 00:23:03,140
The rise in prices
did not apply to goods -
310
00:23:03,260 --> 00:23:07,660
but shares of real estate
and other investment assets.
311
00:23:08,700 --> 00:23:12,740
It means the stock exchange
rallies. All are in favor of it.
312
00:23:12,860 --> 00:23:15,220
It was the first time in the USA -
313
00:23:15,340 --> 00:23:19,980
when the stock market continued to grow
15 per cent a year for a long time.
314
00:23:20,100 --> 00:23:22,060
It was thought to be continuing.
315
00:23:22,180 --> 00:23:26,540
Everyone loves boom.
Who should not?
316
00:23:29,180 --> 00:23:32,500
Greenspan worried,
the boom was perhaps the bubble.
317
00:23:34,220 --> 00:23:38,900
The market did not listen, but
turned against the messenger.
318
00:23:41,140 --> 00:23:46,100
He was instructed to keep
hands off the stock market.
319
00:23:46,260 --> 00:23:52,020
Greenspan is perhaps the most important thing is,
that he held.
320
00:23:52,140 --> 00:23:55,300
So he stopped talking
overheating -
321
00:23:55,460 --> 00:23:58,580
and began instead
encourages the equity markets.
322
00:23:59,020 --> 00:24:03,060
Greenspan did not subsequently reversed
against public opinion.
323
00:24:04,340 --> 00:24:07,060
When share prices
rose into the clouds -
324
00:24:07,180 --> 00:24:10,740
He did not do anything
to curb overheating -
325
00:24:10,860 --> 00:24:14,540
but as soon as the work was reflected in
even the slightest weakening of the character.
326
00:24:16,900 --> 00:24:20,860
Enormous fund
The collapse shocked investors.
327
00:24:20,980 --> 00:24:24,620
Long-Term Capital Management
was a large hedge fund.
328
00:24:24,740 --> 00:24:29,180
Its head was intelligent people,
which, however, guessed wrong.
329
00:24:30,460 --> 00:24:35,340
The Fed held 3.5
billion-dollar rescue package.
330
00:24:36,780 --> 00:24:40,020
This kept Libertarian man -
331
00:24:40,140 --> 00:24:44,900
led in
economy risks socialization.
332
00:24:45,340 --> 00:24:47,780
Do not have a free market?
333
00:24:47,900 --> 00:24:52,420
It is invisible, benevolent hand ... - That's what happens in practice.
334
00:24:53,340 --> 00:24:56,740
Greenspan served
a completely different way than its predecessor.
335
00:24:57,060 --> 00:25:02,020
Wall Street gave it a name:
Greenspan putt.
336
00:25:02,140 --> 00:25:04,460
Greenspan putt idea is that -
337
00:25:04,580 --> 00:25:09,100
that the risk can be taken
and to push the Fed.
338
00:25:09,220 --> 00:25:13,260
"If the markets go haywire,
I will save you. "
339
00:25:13,380 --> 00:25:15,980
Traders interpreted it that way.
340
00:25:16,140 --> 00:25:22,380
It carries them
in difficult times.
341
00:25:22,500 --> 00:25:27,940
If the risks have saved,
high-risk behavior will only grow.
342
00:25:32,100 --> 00:25:36,020
Fed imagined to be able to protect
market easy money.
343
00:25:36,140 --> 00:25:41,140
However, the safety net resulted in a promise
liabilities and risks dizzying growth.
344
00:25:44,260 --> 00:25:47,620
It both moved
that distorted the economy.
345
00:25:49,620 --> 00:25:53,940
During Greenspan's financial sector
share of the economy doubled.
346
00:25:55,580 --> 00:25:59,180
The companies that sold products before,
now sold their loans.
347
00:25:59,820 --> 00:26:02,780
General Electric was
mainly hedge funds.
348
00:26:02,900 --> 00:26:07,140
GM and other car manufacturers do not
earned money by selling cars -
349
00:26:07,260 --> 00:26:09,260
but funding them.
350
00:26:09,900 --> 00:26:13,300
Companies who served
before customers -
351
00:26:13,420 --> 00:26:16,980
Now wrap profits
by trading on their own account.
352
00:26:17,100 --> 00:26:20,980
Their exotic financial products,
such derivatives -
353
00:26:21,100 --> 00:26:27,380
bought and sold in secret
not regulated at all.
354
00:26:30,980 --> 00:26:32,980
Regulators NOT REGULATED
355
00:26:33,500 --> 00:26:37,260
Derivative financial instruments are
has grown at a phenomenal rate -
356
00:26:37,380 --> 00:26:42,540
and increased the financial system
flexibility and efficiency.
357
00:26:44,420 --> 00:26:46,580
Although derivatives were -
358
00:26:46,700 --> 00:26:50,940
as well as the 1987 collapse of the
At the core of the rescue package, -: LTCM
359
00:26:51,060 --> 00:26:53,620
Greenspan was opposed to
their regulation.
360
00:26:53,780 --> 00:26:56,220
What worries me -
361
00:26:56,340 --> 00:27:04,140
we introduce a new kind of
government regulation of shapes -
362
00:27:04,700 --> 00:27:06,700
who are not working.
363
00:27:07,300 --> 00:27:09,780
Greenspan's ideology prevailed.
364
00:27:10,060 --> 00:27:15,020
In 2008, was used more than 182
a billion dollars of taxpayers' money -
365
00:27:15,500 --> 00:27:20,220
insurance giant AIG
rescuing derivative unit.
366
00:27:21,380 --> 00:27:25,900
Financial market
operators are so adept -
367
00:27:26,020 --> 00:27:28,500
that they can take care of problems yourself.
368
00:27:28,620 --> 00:27:33,940
It sounds pilalta,
but many actually believed that.
369
00:27:34,580 --> 00:27:38,340
Some of them were large
the regulatory agencies in the lead, -
370
00:27:38,540 --> 00:27:40,460
such as Alan Greenspan.
371
00:27:42,500 --> 00:27:45,540
The Fed offered on the market
incredible deal:
372
00:27:45,780 --> 00:27:48,660
no regulation,
which would prevent the risk-taking -
373
00:27:48,780 --> 00:27:52,500
but if the lottery goes wrong,
lower interest rates on rescue.
374
00:27:53,340 --> 00:27:57,940
US equities were soon
overvalued than ever.
375
00:28:01,660 --> 00:28:04,100
STOCK BUBBLE
376
00:28:06,220 --> 00:28:09,460
Share prices rose clouds.
377
00:28:09,580 --> 00:28:13,700
New companies founded
without business plans.
378
00:28:13,980 --> 00:28:17,460
Invest in syytivät for money.
It was ridiculous.
379
00:28:17,900 --> 00:28:21,300
It worried us Fed.
We talked about it a lot.
380
00:28:21,620 --> 00:28:23,620
Should raise interest rates -
381
00:28:23,740 --> 00:28:28,820
in order to break the bubble,
before it would grow too much?
382
00:28:28,940 --> 00:28:31,500
We decided not to bring.
383
00:28:33,020 --> 00:28:36,260
Although the burst bubbles
are not harmless -
384
00:28:36,500 --> 00:28:41,660
the consequences are not necessarily
devastating the economy.
385
00:28:44,300 --> 00:28:48,260
In March 2000,
the stock market began to decline.
386
00:28:48,380 --> 00:28:51,260
IT bubble burst
and 11.9.2001 attacks -
387
00:28:51,380 --> 00:28:55,860
Greenspan was a test strain,
that the bubbles could treat afterwards.
388
00:28:56,100 --> 00:28:58,820
He lowered interest rates
on many occasions -
389
00:28:58,940 --> 00:29:00,940
to mitigate the damage.
390
00:29:01,380 --> 00:29:08,060
After the terrorist attacks feared
left the recession, but it did not come.
391
00:29:08,820 --> 00:29:12,420
Mode
The supporters might -
392
00:29:12,540 --> 00:29:18,580
the outbreak of the 2000 bubble
then as proved -
393
00:29:18,700 --> 00:29:22,060
that the approach made sense.
394
00:29:22,380 --> 00:29:26,380
If this is the crash,
the rise of drug was worth it.
395
00:29:27,100 --> 00:29:29,460
Is not it so? - Oh yes.
396
00:29:31,020 --> 00:29:35,220
Greenspan seemed successful again
once, but in the ointment was complicated.
397
00:29:35,540 --> 00:29:39,500
The Fed had softened the IT collapse
roimilla rate cut in -
398
00:29:39,780 --> 00:29:42,780
that triggered a boom.
399
00:29:43,900 --> 00:29:47,740
When interest rates fall,
mortgages become cheaper.
400
00:29:48,700 --> 00:29:52,460
Which caused an unsustainable housing bubble.
401
00:29:53,940 --> 00:29:57,540
Many American is
applied for financial security -
402
00:29:57,660 --> 00:29:59,660
by investing in the housing sector.
403
00:30:00,540 --> 00:30:03,420
According to the Fed
the housing market is stable -
404
00:30:03,540 --> 00:30:05,900
but others warn.
405
00:30:06,700 --> 00:30:09,620
Housing Market
does not come easily bubble.
406
00:30:09,740 --> 00:30:13,900
Home buyers do not speculative
to the extent that equity investors.
407
00:30:14,020 --> 00:30:17,980
Ventured, nothing gained. The Fed tried.
408
00:30:18,540 --> 00:30:24,020
We ended up with Fed
to promote the housing boom.
409
00:30:25,380 --> 00:30:29,140
Continue to defend
the decisions we -
410
00:30:29,260 --> 00:30:33,620
the fact that employment had not grown
After the bottom of the recession achievement.
411
00:30:33,740 --> 00:30:38,820
The use of the apartment as collateral for loans
has supported private consumption.
412
00:30:39,620 --> 00:30:41,860
Without it -
413
00:30:41,980 --> 00:30:45,380
economic activity
it would have been weaker.
414
00:30:45,620 --> 00:30:50,020
The Fed lowered its prime interest rate -
415
00:30:50,340 --> 00:30:52,580
Always one per cent.
416
00:30:52,700 --> 00:30:54,620
It was almost non-existent.
417
00:30:54,740 --> 00:30:58,060
It was the Fed's side
partly intentional.
418
00:30:58,180 --> 00:31:02,420
It wanted that we take all
more risks than usual.
419
00:31:03,420 --> 00:31:06,020
It is a lovely house.
Koulutkin are good.
420
00:31:06,140 --> 00:31:10,740
The second is three, the second year
old. - And as soon as school age.
421
00:31:12,020 --> 00:31:15,420
So you should seize.
Yes you whether you survive.
422
00:31:16,660 --> 00:31:19,140
Alright. - Are you serious?
423
00:31:28,140 --> 00:31:30,180
By calculating the price of money -
424
00:31:30,300 --> 00:31:33,900
The Fed raised the borrowed money
the price of the products bought.
425
00:31:37,220 --> 00:31:39,620
We prefer, for example, homes -
426
00:31:39,860 --> 00:31:43,340
because we did not want,
that people would be unemployed.
427
00:31:43,460 --> 00:31:49,380
Intention was good, but we created
the same incentives to borrow money.
428
00:31:50,140 --> 00:31:52,780
Household debt rose to a level -
429
00:31:53,020 --> 00:31:58,820
which is not yet 20 years
previously could not imagine.
430
00:31:59,300 --> 00:32:02,700
Bush confirmed
to promote homeownership by law.
431
00:32:02,820 --> 00:32:05,700
He was a good,
that people have their own house.
432
00:32:05,860 --> 00:32:10,340
New construction is more lively
as almost 20 years.
433
00:32:11,340 --> 00:32:14,620
Owner-occupied housing accounted for
is greater than ever.
434
00:32:14,820 --> 00:32:18,460
The apartment is not, however,
had their own.
435
00:32:18,580 --> 00:32:21,580
Property Owners
did not own anything.
436
00:32:21,980 --> 00:32:24,140
They only had a mortgage, -
437
00:32:24,260 --> 00:32:27,700
which was a rainy day when they could
remain outstanding.
438
00:32:27,820 --> 00:32:32,020
Multi-barking Americans
households fools.
439
00:32:32,660 --> 00:32:35,260
The Americans took too many loans.
440
00:32:35,380 --> 00:32:40,420
They did not know how to save wisely
do not borrow responsibly.
441
00:32:40,540 --> 00:32:46,740
They also do not realize that,
housing prices do not always rise.
442
00:32:46,900 --> 00:32:49,340
I disagree.
443
00:32:49,700 --> 00:32:53,260
I do not want to criticize
American consumers' intelligence.
444
00:32:53,380 --> 00:32:56,380
They have a whole
quite reasonable.
445
00:32:56,580 --> 00:33:01,380
Lowered interest rates in 2003
and 2004. They took a loan of course.
446
00:33:01,860 --> 00:33:06,380
The Fed seemed successful
and congratulated himself.
447
00:33:07,180 --> 00:33:09,340
Evidence suggests -
448
00:33:09,460 --> 00:33:14,940
that our decision to intervene in a bubble
nor the consequences of the bubble itself -
449
00:33:15,540 --> 00:33:17,540
has been the right one.
450
00:33:18,300 --> 00:33:21,660
It was not a good year
optimistic forecasts.
451
00:33:22,940 --> 00:33:24,940
Welcome economy grows, so -
452
00:33:25,060 --> 00:33:28,060
that people
earn money and consume.
453
00:33:28,180 --> 00:33:32,380
Unhealthy economy will grow as people
lend money and consume.
454
00:33:33,700 --> 00:33:37,060
Low interest rates
doubled the mortgages.
455
00:33:37,180 --> 00:33:41,300
American dream
became a tragedy for millions of families.
456
00:33:42,860 --> 00:33:46,660
The worst lending craze was
However, elsewhere.
457
00:33:46,780 --> 00:33:52,300
Large banks seized the opportunity
multiply your winnings -
458
00:33:52,860 --> 00:33:55,380
by themselves huge loans.
459
00:33:55,660 --> 00:33:58,780
They are therefore used financial leverage.
460
00:34:01,300 --> 00:34:07,180
Interest obscenity
became a glaring highlight just that.
461
00:34:07,820 --> 00:34:11,780
The Fed's prime rate was
Only one percent.
462
00:34:11,900 --> 00:34:16,220
Large banks gave a mortgage
five to six per cent interest rate.
463
00:34:16,580 --> 00:34:21,140
If the borrowing rate is one of the
and the lending rate six -
464
00:34:21,260 --> 00:34:23,660
it wraps tumbled profit.
465
00:34:24,380 --> 00:34:26,860
There was
low interest rates, a problem.
466
00:34:26,980 --> 00:34:29,860
Financial institutions
took too many loans -
467
00:34:29,980 --> 00:34:32,980
and gave a loan
on flimsy grounds.
468
00:34:34,140 --> 00:34:38,420
With the money received for free
and lending earning plenty -
469
00:34:39,580 --> 00:34:42,620
Money started
even belch who are interested.
470
00:34:43,300 --> 00:34:47,460
Lehman Brothers
took a cheap loan -
471
00:34:47,580 --> 00:34:51,180
mortgage-made
securities -
472
00:34:51,580 --> 00:34:54,180
and spread them around the world.
473
00:34:56,740 --> 00:35:01,300
Growing and family in debt.
Young couple with no down payment.
474
00:35:01,420 --> 00:35:04,460
The entrepreneur, who had a hard
to prove their income.
475
00:35:04,580 --> 00:35:08,220
Three financial institutions
denied these people the loan.
476
00:35:08,660 --> 00:35:12,020
My employer Countrywide gave them a loan.
477
00:35:12,780 --> 00:35:15,420
It did not make the Fed
but banks -
478
00:35:15,540 --> 00:35:18,580
but the Fed should have been prevented -
479
00:35:18,700 --> 00:35:21,780
mortgage
reckless grant.
480
00:35:22,500 --> 00:35:25,860
The Fed could have
cut off the speculation -
481
00:35:25,980 --> 00:35:29,620
but the atmosphere in Washington
was quite different.
482
00:35:29,740 --> 00:35:32,060
We take too much care -
483
00:35:32,180 --> 00:35:35,620
owner-occupied housing
the importance of the economy.
484
00:35:35,740 --> 00:35:37,740
This is not about the IT bubble.
485
00:35:37,860 --> 00:35:42,660
Housing prices
can rise and fall -
486
00:35:42,780 --> 00:35:47,180
but no bubble
belonging to collapse does not arrive.
487
00:35:48,700 --> 00:35:54,100
Mortgage loans regulators would have been
contrary to the political climate.
488
00:35:54,220 --> 00:35:58,100
The Fed would be doing so
was brave. It should have been.
489
00:35:58,220 --> 00:36:02,980
Fedillä had full powers
to regulate mortgage lenders from.
490
00:36:03,100 --> 00:36:05,540
It took them finally in 2008.
491
00:36:05,660 --> 00:36:09,140
It could have been abolished
Lehman's subprime unit.
492
00:36:10,900 --> 00:36:14,300
You had the power to prevent
reckless lending, -
493
00:36:14,420 --> 00:36:16,580
which led to the subprime crisis.
494
00:36:16,700 --> 00:36:19,820
Multi-advised you to do so.
495
00:36:19,940 --> 00:36:22,420
Now the whole economy to pay for it.
496
00:36:26,660 --> 00:36:29,820
When Alan Greenspan's season came to an end -
497
00:36:29,940 --> 00:36:33,140
he had received
completion of the reform of the economy.
498
00:36:34,380 --> 00:36:37,180
The financial sector was oversized -
499
00:36:37,300 --> 00:36:40,340
as loans swollen
the housing market.
500
00:36:40,460 --> 00:36:42,460
Deregulation had.
501
00:36:43,060 --> 00:36:46,660
All lived in the illusion of power, that all is well.
502
00:36:47,740 --> 00:36:51,620
Where you made a mistake? - I had a false assumption.
503
00:36:51,740 --> 00:36:56,020
I assumed incorrectly banks
and other vested interests in such a way -
504
00:36:56,140 --> 00:37:01,300
that they would be able to self-
to protect themselves the best.
505
00:37:02,420 --> 00:37:07,260
They assumed that it is private
market principles -
506
00:37:07,380 --> 00:37:09,980
and that the people know
what they are doing.
507
00:37:10,100 --> 00:37:14,540
Historians
ponder for a long time is one thing.
508
00:37:15,420 --> 00:37:18,300
If Greenspan and the Fed really believed in such a way -
509
00:37:19,260 --> 00:37:24,580
why tapahtumainkulku
shaken that faith?
510
00:37:31,060 --> 00:37:35,540
The most important appointments of the President is
Chairman of the Fed's Board of Governors.
511
00:37:35,780 --> 00:37:41,220
For me, the most important thing is to follow
continue to the principles and the means -
512
00:37:41,340 --> 00:37:43,940
which was drawn up
During Greenspan.
513
00:37:44,940 --> 00:37:48,860
Ben Bernanke of the Fed's Board of Governors
While a member of -
514
00:37:49,020 --> 00:37:52,460
supported by counselors,
loose monetary policy.
515
00:37:53,220 --> 00:37:57,300
He had no idea,
that should reap what you have sowed.
516
00:38:00,940 --> 00:38:05,860
Many economic experts talk
bubble and its outbreak.
517
00:38:06,180 --> 00:38:08,620
What could
at worst happen -
518
00:38:08,740 --> 00:38:12,380
if prices collapse
all over the country?
519
00:38:12,860 --> 00:38:15,900
I like it
highly unlikely.
520
00:38:16,020 --> 00:38:20,100
There has never been
a nationwide decline in house prices.
521
00:38:20,460 --> 00:38:24,820
Bernanke should have said,
that there is no bubble else has been before.
522
00:38:25,340 --> 00:38:28,380
Robert Shiller collects in
Data is displayed -
523
00:38:28,500 --> 00:38:32,700
that housing prices takes place
After one hundred years of steady -
524
00:38:32,900 --> 00:38:37,140
frenzied rise in three years.
525
00:38:37,580 --> 00:38:41,820
Bernanke is a pure theorist.
He did not look at housing prices.
526
00:38:41,980 --> 00:38:45,020
He believed blindly
market efficiency.
527
00:38:45,140 --> 00:38:48,460
Housing bubble could not have been,
so why look for it?
528
00:38:48,580 --> 00:38:53,940
Bernanke's Fed made a mistake.
They did not see what had to come.
529
00:38:54,340 --> 00:38:58,140
The subprime market problems
is likely to remain under control.
530
00:38:58,620 --> 00:39:02,340
Upcoming issues
belittled greatly.
531
00:39:04,660 --> 00:39:07,700
At some point
people dawned -
532
00:39:07,820 --> 00:39:11,260
they were
have taken themselves too large a burden.
533
00:39:17,620 --> 00:39:21,220
Share prices plummeted. - Financial companies are hard pressed.
534
00:39:21,340 --> 00:39:23,940
Bank of America fell 40% in the red.
535
00:39:24,060 --> 00:39:26,260
This market is controlled by fear.
536
00:39:26,380 --> 00:39:29,500
Greenspan recommended
low rates of interest for everyone.
537
00:39:29,620 --> 00:39:34,180
Bernanke only theorize.
He does not know anything about reality.
538
00:39:34,340 --> 00:39:39,020
When the crisis erupted, there were only Fedillä
vague idea of its size.
539
00:39:40,540 --> 00:39:44,460
A bank run was
quite different than before.
540
00:39:45,500 --> 00:39:49,140
It concerned the banks, which the Fed
was established to protect, -
541
00:39:49,260 --> 00:39:53,180
as well as hedge funds,
investment banks and insurance giants, -
542
00:39:53,300 --> 00:39:55,460
that the Fed was not being monitored at all.
543
00:39:56,100 --> 00:39:58,780
AIG is in serious trouble.
544
00:39:58,900 --> 00:40:02,820
It is in dire need of money,
which no person has now given.
545
00:40:03,140 --> 00:40:05,860
AIG's bankruptcy
would have meant -
546
00:40:05,980 --> 00:40:09,900
deposit exodus
the world's 50 largest banks.
547
00:40:10,940 --> 00:40:14,540
That would not have survived.
548
00:40:14,700 --> 00:40:19,020
We saw what happened when a couple of big
the company was on the verge of bankruptcy.
549
00:40:19,140 --> 00:40:22,940
What if they would have been 15?
So it was about to happen.
550
00:40:23,340 --> 00:40:25,500
The work needs credit.
551
00:40:25,620 --> 00:40:29,300
It did not pause
the past interest rates.
552
00:40:29,500 --> 00:40:34,460
When faced with an emergency situation,
where the heart had stopped beating, -
553
00:40:34,980 --> 00:40:37,900
we had to get it back to hit.
554
00:40:38,420 --> 00:40:42,620
American taxpayers
heard this morning -
555
00:40:42,740 --> 00:40:48,140
that the Fed's rescue package to AIG
consists of their money.
556
00:40:48,700 --> 00:40:53,220
The Fed pumped over crisis
trillions of dollars in emergency loans -
557
00:40:53,340 --> 00:40:57,500
banks, enterprises and governments
in every corner of the world.
558
00:40:57,900 --> 00:41:01,980
Measures were natural
an extension of the Fed's ideology -
559
00:41:02,340 --> 00:41:04,900
but they were unheard of.
560
00:41:07,820 --> 00:41:12,700
Do you undertake, the fact that these
banks will not be allowed to bankruptcy?
561
00:41:12,820 --> 00:41:16,980
It was their balance no matter what,
they do not go bankrupt?
562
00:41:17,260 --> 00:41:19,260
They do not go bankrupt.
563
00:41:25,100 --> 00:41:28,260
Bernanke stopped the run on the bank.
564
00:41:28,380 --> 00:41:33,220
When the rescue package is launched
recovery, the Fed increased the stakes.
565
00:41:34,740 --> 00:41:36,740
Interest rates were already at zero -
566
00:41:36,860 --> 00:41:39,900
the remainder was not so
than printing money.
567
00:41:40,820 --> 00:41:44,780
It used a technique called
QE, or quantitative recovery.
568
00:41:46,260 --> 00:41:48,740
The Fed bought since 2009 -
569
00:41:48,860 --> 00:41:52,500
more than $ 1.3 trillion
housing and other loans -
570
00:41:52,620 --> 00:41:55,220
Fannie hill and Freddie Mac.
571
00:41:56,220 --> 00:42:00,140
It meant the housing market
temporary nationalization.
572
00:42:01,380 --> 00:42:05,020
It was followed by the largest shares rally
since 1932.
573
00:42:06,220 --> 00:42:08,780
When the markets froze in 2010 -
574
00:42:08,900 --> 00:42:11,740
The Fed launched
the second QE-operation.
575
00:42:12,740 --> 00:42:15,420
If Greenspan putt
had been subdued -
576
00:42:15,540 --> 00:42:18,220
Bernanke putt
was crystal-clear.
577
00:42:18,540 --> 00:42:21,420
Hedge Fund Expert
David Tepper -
578
00:42:21,540 --> 00:42:24,380
wrap
impressive US $ 7.5 billion.
579
00:42:24,500 --> 00:42:27,300
How do I predicted it in 2009? - Easily.
580
00:42:27,420 --> 00:42:29,700
The government told its intentions.
581
00:42:29,820 --> 00:42:33,780
If the Fed says it will do something, Do I say, I do not agree?
582
00:42:33,900 --> 00:42:36,540
There are two different situations.
583
00:42:37,420 --> 00:42:40,260
The economy can be remedied by itself.
584
00:42:40,780 --> 00:42:43,460
Or maybe the Fed for more money.
585
00:42:43,660 --> 00:42:47,380
Until the Fed for more money,
the market may fall, -
586
00:42:47,500 --> 00:42:51,540
but not much, because
I have a putt (= put option).
587
00:42:51,740 --> 00:42:53,740
Fed putt to save.
588
00:42:57,460 --> 00:43:01,500
Bernanke had saved
system. Or was it?
589
00:43:01,620 --> 00:43:06,500
Recycle Loans and institutions that were too big to fail -
590
00:43:06,940 --> 00:43:11,740
were kept in the liberal
luonnonvalinnalta market.
591
00:43:14,140 --> 00:43:18,940
At the moment the consumer
can not continue borrowing -
592
00:43:19,220 --> 00:43:22,220
and banks can not give loans.
593
00:43:22,340 --> 00:43:27,340
I think that the banking system is still
insolvent. It is out of order.
594
00:43:28,740 --> 00:43:32,460
Ben Bernanke has led the Fed -
595
00:43:32,580 --> 00:43:36,260
in this country and around the world
through the worst of the financial crisis.
596
00:43:36,900 --> 00:43:40,940
Great Affordability was the top
the praises of the free market.
597
00:43:41,060 --> 00:43:43,900
Now it could not be
further away.
598
00:43:45,020 --> 00:43:48,740
These both parties
Presidents of the appointed men -
599
00:43:49,220 --> 00:43:53,620
created the country's history
centrally planned economy.
600
00:43:54,060 --> 00:43:57,940
The economy is in full
supported by the Central Bank of cheap credit.
601
00:43:59,180 --> 00:44:03,940
Interest rate drops from 20 to zero -
602
00:44:04,060 --> 00:44:08,900
Rescued investorsnumerous times.
603
00:44:10,100 --> 00:44:15,980
The solution is always debt
Adding to promote growth.
604
00:44:21,380 --> 00:44:25,780
At the same time increased its debt mountain
housing and financial markets -
605
00:44:25,900 --> 00:44:28,660
Overall growth slowed.
606
00:44:29,300 --> 00:44:34,860
A large number of resources were used
medicine or engineering rather than -
607
00:44:35,740 --> 00:44:39,020
financial speculation
a zero-sum game.
608
00:44:40,340 --> 00:44:43,500
Rahoitustapahtuminen
Creating is not production.
609
00:44:43,620 --> 00:44:45,660
It does not affect the standard of living -
610
00:44:45,780 --> 00:44:49,900
with the exception of those few,
who may be working at one site.
611
00:44:50,020 --> 00:44:54,820
They see share prices
rise, sell and prosper.
612
00:44:54,940 --> 00:44:57,780
They need it for
to sell the shares.
613
00:45:04,420 --> 00:45:09,220
When shares
and housing prices rise -
614
00:45:09,340 --> 00:45:11,580
it is more
our prosperity.
615
00:45:11,980 --> 00:45:18,060
It will help those who have shares,
and hurt others.
616
00:45:18,780 --> 00:45:22,180
Financial markets
was a huge amount of wealth.
617
00:45:22,380 --> 00:45:26,220
Alongside that did not show up
a major improvement in the economy -
618
00:45:26,340 --> 00:45:28,620
and other people's income.
619
00:45:29,660 --> 00:45:33,740
That's what kept
wealth increase -
620
00:45:33,860 --> 00:45:38,620
is only a transition to wealth
those who own, -
621
00:45:39,420 --> 00:45:41,660
away from those who do not own.
622
00:45:43,020 --> 00:45:45,580
We had the illusion of prosperity.
623
00:45:45,700 --> 00:45:48,340
It went
part of the Fed's population face value.
624
00:45:48,820 --> 00:45:50,940
We underestimate -
625
00:45:51,060 --> 00:45:54,940
the impact of share prices
economic activity.
626
00:45:55,220 --> 00:45:58,300
I do not know,
what happens to the stock market -
627
00:45:58,420 --> 00:46:02,740
but if their growth continues,
it will stimulate the economy -
628
00:46:03,260 --> 00:46:08,020
more than any other.
629
00:46:09,860 --> 00:46:13,900
Buumeista, rescue packages
and in spite of the easy money -
630
00:46:14,020 --> 00:46:17,580
The USA has not come in the 2000s net jobs.
631
00:46:18,540 --> 00:46:23,100
Private sector growth spirit
each is stuck at zero.
632
00:46:25,860 --> 00:46:28,220
The Fed's line does not take effect.
633
00:46:28,420 --> 00:46:33,140
The current crisis can not say
only that here we go again.
634
00:46:33,740 --> 00:46:35,740
The Fed announced today -
635
00:46:35,860 --> 00:46:40,420
the acquisition of 40 billion dollars
mortgage papers a month.
636
00:46:40,540 --> 00:46:44,460
It calculates the interest and influence
prices of shares and housing.
637
00:46:44,580 --> 00:46:48,460
If people are satisfied
apartment value growth -
638
00:46:48,660 --> 00:46:50,660
consumer desire to grow.
639
00:46:51,740 --> 00:46:55,860
Can the free money
created to solve the problem -
640
00:46:55,980 --> 00:46:58,220
by extending only the same model?
641
00:46:58,420 --> 00:47:00,940
Large banks collect profits.
642
00:47:01,060 --> 00:47:05,900
Yet lending to small businesses decreased
in the third quarter.
643
00:47:07,780 --> 00:47:10,420
Someone will pay lower interest rates.
644
00:47:10,700 --> 00:47:15,860
It will pay us, which we
deposits 0.27% in the interest rate.
645
00:47:16,140 --> 00:47:19,180
I've done work for saving the yen.
646
00:47:19,700 --> 00:47:25,340
Now the Fed decides to deprive benefits
from me, so that banks will be saved.
647
00:47:25,620 --> 00:47:27,500
It is outrageous.
648
00:47:31,140 --> 00:47:35,140
Even within the Bank began
criticized Bernanke companies -
649
00:47:35,260 --> 00:47:37,980
a hero
financial markets.
650
00:47:38,100 --> 00:47:41,540
Printing money does not produce
goods and services.
651
00:47:41,660 --> 00:47:43,740
It does not increase employment.
652
00:47:43,860 --> 00:47:47,420
It can affect the right
short-term medicinal product -
653
00:47:47,940 --> 00:47:50,780
but the drug may be
Sometimes the disease worse.
654
00:47:51,780 --> 00:47:55,700
We can borrow money rovioittain
cheap rate of interest -
655
00:47:55,820 --> 00:47:58,780
and we can continue to do so for some time.
656
00:47:58,900 --> 00:48:06,100
There will be problems in the long term.
When the game ends, and how?
657
00:48:07,740 --> 00:48:10,380
Gold portfolio restrictions are gone.
658
00:48:10,500 --> 00:48:14,140
Government opportunities
to borrow money and print money -
659
00:48:14,260 --> 00:48:18,300
limited only by the size of the world
seteleihimme confidence.
660
00:48:19,460 --> 00:48:22,740
The country credit rating drops
for the first time -
661
00:48:22,860 --> 00:48:25,020
AAA to AA + of.
662
00:48:27,100 --> 00:48:31,980
How long will the dollar-based system
take if the trust will wear off?
663
00:48:33,980 --> 00:48:37,380
The United States can pay
any debt -
664
00:48:37,500 --> 00:48:40,140
because we can always print money.
665
00:48:40,740 --> 00:48:44,460
Of loans outstanding retirement
the probability is zero.
666
00:48:46,220 --> 00:48:50,940
How the dollar may be more than
the world's largest financial brand -
667
00:48:51,060 --> 00:48:53,700
the financial world, Coca-Cola?
668
00:48:53,860 --> 00:48:56,820
If these notes
produces enough -
669
00:48:56,940 --> 00:49:03,540
and if the world's only superpower,
succumbs to exercise his powers too much -
670
00:49:03,660 --> 00:49:05,660
things go wrong.
671
00:49:07,220 --> 00:49:10,220
Land, that is beyond their means for years.
672
00:49:13,500 --> 00:49:17,780
When the debt crisis began in Greece
threatens the whole of Europe, we see -
673
00:49:17,940 --> 00:49:21,300
that loose money is
governments just as painful -
674
00:49:21,420 --> 00:49:23,900
as it was to homeowners.
675
00:49:25,100 --> 00:49:27,620
United States of America is not Greece, -
676
00:49:27,740 --> 00:49:29,980
but the lesson is a warning.
677
00:49:30,100 --> 00:49:34,100
How was the land of the mighty any,
it may collapse.
678
00:49:37,660 --> 00:49:40,500
Then comes
the mother of all crises:
679
00:49:40,620 --> 00:49:45,220
big countries do not collapse
unable to rescue the system.
680
00:49:45,340 --> 00:49:47,660
It is a crisis we should be afraid of.
681
00:49:55,260 --> 00:50:01,380
Good choices to be made time was
In the 1990s and early 2000s.
682
00:50:01,940 --> 00:50:05,900
The United States did not
where good choices.
683
00:50:06,740 --> 00:50:12,260
Now we have in front of
a bunch of bad alternatives.
684
00:50:13,460 --> 00:50:17,580
If we do not do
difficult choice now -
685
00:50:17,700 --> 00:50:21,460
there is still a
uncomfortable options.
686
00:50:22,700 --> 00:50:26,980
How many times -
687
00:50:29,380 --> 00:50:33,060
have you heard someone say:
688
00:50:37,260 --> 00:50:41,580
"If I had
money than he -
689
00:50:44,620 --> 00:50:48,740
I could live the way I want. "
690
00:50:50,660 --> 00:50:56,060
We have over the last 20 years
forgotten who we are.
691
00:50:56,180 --> 00:51:01,060
We are mainly focusing on
what kind of houses and cars we have.
692
00:51:01,940 --> 00:51:06,820
The United States has spent
produced more than -
693
00:51:06,940 --> 00:51:09,060
at least a decade.
694
00:51:09,580 --> 00:51:15,100
Which country will be able to continue it?
695
00:51:16,420 --> 00:51:20,580
The Board of Directors and the Fed
encourage people to consume.
696
00:51:20,700 --> 00:51:22,740
Such an economy is not stable.
697
00:51:23,740 --> 00:51:28,740
The US economy probably will not grow
at great speed. How about it.
698
00:51:29,380 --> 00:51:33,380
We should learn to be
satisfied with what we have.
699
00:51:33,500 --> 00:51:36,580
Under the current system
seeks to -
700
00:51:36,700 --> 00:51:40,020
that people want
more than they have.
701
00:51:40,260 --> 00:51:43,700
If they can not always just
more, they are unhappy.
702
00:51:44,700 --> 00:51:48,460
They do not know -
703
00:51:51,420 --> 00:51:55,180
that it is difficult to find -
704
00:51:57,580 --> 00:52:00,860
a rich man in ten, -
705
00:52:05,020 --> 00:52:09,380
which is also satisfied.
706
00:52:13,660 --> 00:52:17,260
When the road has been a long time -
707
00:52:17,380 --> 00:52:20,260
and bias
are grown up -
708
00:52:20,940 --> 00:52:25,860
what means a bad way
get better?
709
00:52:25,980 --> 00:52:29,020
We need to create something,
what the world wants.
710
00:52:29,300 --> 00:52:32,580
We must
return to the United States to do so.
711
00:52:33,140 --> 00:52:36,380
Long-term growth
Behind the real world -
712
00:52:36,500 --> 00:52:40,180
training, investment,
labor quality, expertise.
713
00:52:40,940 --> 00:52:45,740
Among the issues should worry about. - We are still the world's largest exporter.
714
00:52:45,900 --> 00:52:50,740
We have the people and expertise.
We just need incentives.
715
00:52:51,180 --> 00:52:54,380
We need to get the economy -
716
00:52:54,500 --> 00:52:59,140
which uses its resources
and which has full employment.
717
00:52:59,260 --> 00:53:05,220
It must do so,
that there is no need for any bubbles.
718
00:53:05,340 --> 00:53:11,300
Resources should be used
firmly and responsibly.
719
00:53:11,420 --> 00:53:15,780
Interest must be such as to
that they do not take up säästämishalua.
720
00:53:15,900 --> 00:53:19,140
We need fewer subsidies
housing, loans -
721
00:53:19,260 --> 00:53:21,500
and domestic consumption.
722
00:53:22,500 --> 00:53:26,340
It means to achieve
healthier growth -
723
00:53:26,460 --> 00:53:30,660
and the burden of debt is gradually reduced.
724
00:53:31,020 --> 00:53:34,940
The transition process
becomes painful.
725
00:53:35,660 --> 00:53:41,260
Then the question arises, how much
Now may suffer tomorrow.
726
00:53:42,220 --> 00:53:46,740
Inflation ran out, because people
wanted it to end.
727
00:53:46,860 --> 00:53:48,980
This is a democratic country.
728
00:53:49,540 --> 00:53:53,100
What do we want the Fed to do to us?
729
00:53:53,220 --> 00:53:57,780
We want as little inflation
and relatively stable growth.
730
00:53:57,900 --> 00:54:03,660
We can expect that it will work
will be better than before.
731
00:54:06,420 --> 00:54:09,620
It is tempting to think,
that the crisis is over -
732
00:54:09,940 --> 00:54:13,300
but we may have
getting eye of a storm.
733
00:54:13,940 --> 00:54:16,940
Access to the boom
and the collapse of the spiral -
734
00:54:17,060 --> 00:54:19,140
Fediltä requires a new approach.
735
00:54:20,940 --> 00:54:24,060
We make a choice.
736
00:54:24,780 --> 00:54:30,220
Do we want to support the Central Bank,
when it increases to much interest, -
737
00:54:30,340 --> 00:54:33,220
that saving
value rises again -
738
00:54:33,940 --> 00:54:38,180
and society can
begin to build for the future?
739
00:54:40,220 --> 00:54:43,620
Easy I have
this dish out advice.
740
00:54:44,060 --> 00:54:47,340
Their implementation
it is difficult for anyone:
741
00:54:47,460 --> 00:54:51,620
Congress, the President of
and the US central bank.
742
00:54:54,260 --> 00:54:57,860
More than ever
During the century-old history -
743
00:54:58,180 --> 00:55:01,780
Fedillä is in his hands
The future of our economic system.
744
00:55:03,100 --> 00:55:06,700
Can the Fed to promote
a sustainable economy?
745
00:55:07,740 --> 00:55:11,100
An economy that is not based on
equity and asuntokupliin -
746
00:55:11,220 --> 00:55:14,260
but reasonable,
productive investment -
747
00:55:14,580 --> 00:55:18,180
that do not enrich
, few, but for all?
748
00:55:20,980 --> 00:55:25,780
Or provides further
empty promise of free money?
749
00:55:26,580 --> 00:55:36,180
Hacked by Carlos Meinhof
65551
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