Original subtitles

One male and one female, is enough to populate all the Northern Territory.

The best thing is to get rid of them. Get a big stick and hit him with it.

The practice of going out to get one of these and putting him into a billy ..

And boiling it down and eating the residue, I think is absolutely repulsive.

When I'm driving, I have no hesitation in running over them whatsoever.

I couldn't do without them. They're friends.

I can recall quite vividly seeing cane-grubs early in the morning.

The beetles used to fly out early in the morning, and land on the cane.

The cane was weighted down with beetles.

The trees surrounding the cane farms weighted down with beetles.

Sometimes farmers would cut around about 800 tons to a 1000 tons.

And the following year wouldn't cut a ton at all, hardly.

The situation really became desperate in the early 1930's.

Due to the combined effect of grub-attack ..

And the effect of the depression on the world price of sugar.

So, something had to be done to control the grub if at all possible.

And of course, the farmers never let up.

On their demands on the Sugar Experiment Station staff to do something about it.

In 1932 there was a world conference of sugar technologists held in Puerto Rico.

And we were represented at that conference by ..

The Assistant Director of the Sugar Experiment Stations, Mr Arthur Bell.

"I believe this evidence shows that the bufo-marinus, or cane toad."

"Can be used as a biological control of the gray-backed grub and beetle."

"And I strongly advocate the effective use of this amphibian immigrant."

"Which is doing its full share of benefit to our sugar industry."

And Arthur Bell brought back the idea that we could introduce the toad.

Into this country from Hawaii.

Mungomery was our entomologist at the time and he was sent over to Hawaii.

To get a colony of toads together and bring them back to Australia.

And establish a colony in North Queensland.

This he did very effectively.

Over the long period, of course.

It was necessary to keep moisture up to the toads in their crate.

To keep them alive. They couldn't feed them, during the 2-week trip they ..

Experienced getting down to Sydney, from Hawaii.

And then, of course, another two days ..

To get them to Maringa in North Queensland.

Before they could be put into a pond and into an environment they could relish.

Mungomery treated them very, very well. He built an elaborate pool at Maringa.

With running water to encourage them to breed and they reacted to his treatment.

And they began to breed very vigorously.

Yes, I've got vivid memories from when the toads were first brought here.

They were brought here by a fellow called Youst.

In a couple of dishes. There was about 40 toads in number, in all.

And they were released in this particular spot over there.

And of course, my dad was an Irishman.

He was very, very pleased. He was jubilant about the whole affair.

And more so, that he said this, and I quote:

"We've got these grubs by the balls this time, and now we'll go to bigger things."

But tragically, we didn't have the grubs by the balls. They had us by the balls.

Amplexus is a sexual act, where the male grasps the female.

And of course, first he's got to get his female.

And after the rains, when you have big areas of temporary water, fresh water.

The males will gather around the pond and they will call.

And a call, or course, attracts the female. It goes something like this.

And I suppose the female picks the best or the sweetest of those calls.

And when she approaches close, the male will then grasp her.

Into Amplexus.

And he does that by getting his forearms, which are very, very strong.

And he pushes them into the sides, just under the ribs.

And on the thumb, there is a nuptial pad. This nuptial pad is very, very sticky.

So that when he pushes the thumbs into the sides of her abdominal cavity.

The grip is very, very strong and firm.

Of course it's important that this grip be strong, so that he doesn't fall off.

So that other males, too, can't push him off.

She takes him into the water.

And she exudes the eggs in long strands.

And as they come out, the male releases sperm into the water.

Which then fertilizes the eggs.

And these eggs are wrapped around vegetation.

But usually, it's just left to float in the water.

One cane toad female can lay up to 40,000 eggs in a summer.

That's a large number of eggs.

The theory going that they need 40,000 just that two can survive.

To replace the female and the male.

But if you see ponds where cane toads breed, more than two survive.

The sides of the pond are just black with young cane toads.

And from what I can see, a large number of those survive.

The eggs stay in the water and then they start dividing.

Eventually they start to look like small tadpoles within the egg sac.

The tadpoles when they get sufficiently developed ..

Start wriggling and they rupture the egg-sac and they go into the water.

As tadpoles. And the tadpole is a very distinctive tadpole.

It's glossy and black.

No other Australian frog has a glossy, black tadpole.

And then, in the water for about 4-5 weeks it develops.

The back legs come out, and then finally the front legs.

And then the tail is re-absorbed and they move onto the land as small toads.

Well they've been here for 50 years or a bit more.

And look, there's just millions of them in this river.

There's certainly no shortage of cane toads in the area.

They have a tremendous success rate.

They can lay tadpoles in small puddles, fifteen percent seawater.

Or clear rain rivers like this. Just about anywhere.

Equally interesting is these tadpoles, if you look at them very carefully.

Some of them are beginning to get legs.

And they do that in a very, very small body size.

Native tadpoles have to get much, much larger than these little fellows.

And so they have to stay in the water a little bit longer than a cane toad.

So cane toads get in fast, in big numbers. They're out fast.

At that age their colonization advances at a tremendous extent.

My first memory of the toad was the unusual noise that I heard.

In the billabong hole across from the house.

And I did inquire from our Pest Board Officer as to what the noise would be.

And that was the giant toad.

They soon came out on the roads of a night.

And they did look as though they would really ..

Be a terrible menace. That they would take possession of everything.

You'd flatten them out with the car.

And the stench from them would be like a school of mullet coming up the river.

Well one species of cane beetles in the cane fields.

It just doesn't come in contact with the ground.

And we know that cane toads can't fly.

And when the other species of cane beetles came in the cane fields.

It's there when there was no cover on the ground.

And cane toads just aren't in cane fields when there isn't any cover.

In short the lifestyles of cane beetles and the cane toads didn't synchronize.

It couldn't succeed.

They weren't much use at all as far as the cane beetle was concerned but ..

But they did manage to get rid of a lot of stray dogs.

The dogs .. would be attracted to these moving toads and grab them.

And of course, the bufo-marinus only protection was his poison sac.

And he used to let the dogs have it, and eventually quite a few dogs died.

You know, looking back over the years, and so forth.

When you look at our imports, what we brought in to Australia.

This must have been a great country, long before white man every came to the joint.

We brought in foxes and hares.

And then, to cap it all off we bring this monstrous thing called a toad in.

"A man was fined for his impersonation of two Queensland identities."

"Coming up before Adelaide Magistrates Court the 32-year old was charged .."

"He was found crouching on the side of a road in Birkenhead in Adelaide."

"Police say he was jumping out onto the road into the path of oncoming cars."

"When he was questioned, he told them he was Sir Jacob Peterson and a cane toad."

"He pleaded guilty to Disorderly Behavior and was fined 50 dollars."

The toad spread faster and more widely than we anticipated in the first instance.

And it wasn't long before it got into Southern Queensland.

And then it attracted a lot of attention from people who are ..

Not much interested in controlling cane-grubs.

Queensland toads .. Queensland toads.

They are everywhere you are.

No matter where you roam, you can hear them from afar.

They hop and they dance, for every romance.

Queensland toad .. Queensland toad.

They're everywhere you are.

In the cane of the roads.

They'll always be Queensland toads.

The toad was introduced to eight or nine cane-growing regions and since that time.

They cover about forty percent of the area of Queensland ..

A small portion of northern New South Wales and they're moving over through ..

The gulf country and a part of the Northern Territory.

It's hard to go anywhere in Queensland without coming across references to ..

Idolatry concerned with the cane toad, because they are valued.

They are absolutely everywhere. People are brought up with them, I think.

And Queenslanders are terribly protective of them, it would seem.

Although something as obnoxious as the cane toad would be eradicated by now.

Far from it.

They uh, because they've got them and nobody else has got them.

Much the same as they've got Joe and nobody else has got him yet.

They .. I think, regard them with a sort of perverted reverence.

Radio: "Hello. Is this a tall-toad story? ─ "That's right."

"I was in Gordon Tower when they first released the cane toad."

"Tell me about your recollections. Well, when they first released them."

"Now, you know what a kerosene tin is like?"

"Now, dropped straight in they wouldn't go into a kerosene tin."

"They would have eaten the cat" ─ "That's right."

"They were so massive that if you put one on a square shovel you couldn't lift it."

"That is true as I stand here."

"You're not pulling my leg? ─ "I'm not. I remember it as yesterday."

There are still quite a large number of the toads around.

But not as big as they used to be.

But .. I still love the animal.

And they give me .. a lot of enjoyment.

The term that's used to describe that relationship that toads have with people.

Is "homophilic". Which means they just love people.

And this is true in so many different ways.

Because we are just so kind to the toads.

Usually, we don't know that we're being so kind to them.

But we provide places for them to live around our gardens

Under garden gnomes, in pipes, under houses.

And we supply dinner for them many nights when we turn lights on.

And the toads sit around the lights and they eat the insects that come along.

Well, as you see now, I have ..

Quite a few, which I attract by using a light.

Which is not very powerful, which attracts insects.

And also, occasionally I feed them Whiskettes.

Laurence started feeding the toads Whiskettes because ..

They started robbing the cat's dishes Whiskettes.

So I used to put dishes of Whiskettes out, and they didn't come inside.

So, everybody was happy.

You can hear a noise in the background. Which is a toad, probably mating.

And that's what I like about them.

The way they dart at things. The way they hide.

They're cunning enough to peek out behind things.

They can be behind a leaf or something like that.

If you're quick enough you will see their eyes watching you wherever you go.

I definitely think they are a harmless animal.

And nobody's got any right to fear about them.

I'm not sure whether I would call them pets, exactly. But uh ..

They are mates, as far as I'm concerned.

We often see them mating right here in front of us, on the lawn.

They are a magnificent animal.

If you just take the care and watch them.

And just see how they act under different circumstances.

That's the hard question. To think of them as friends. They are just friends.

Friends I suppose because they are around the place.

You get used to them. You look for them.

You know when they're singing. They are calling.

It's not only a pleasant noise, it's a friendly noise. And I love it.

They are harmless.

And uh .. they jump .. they jump on us.

They jump on my feet and they have no fear at all.

Of coming near me or anybody that's with me.

"There are some people that want the cane toad recognized for what it's done."

"For Queensland particularly, and they were going to erect a statue in honor."

At Gordonvale on the road approach to Cairns.

Well, the proposal to commemorate the cane toad.

Was brought before the Bi-Centennial Committee of the Council.

To recall a unique part of North Australia's history.

It was released from Maringa, just outside Gordon Park.

There was going to be a cane toad bust a metre high sitting on a 2-foot pedestal.

So all up, about five feet.

And it was going to be a photographer's delight.

And the kids could sit on its shoulders and whatnot.

And all together it was going to be, like the dog sitting on the tucker box.

Five miles from Gundagai, and with that sort of tourist potential.

And surely, this bastard can't be in his right frame of mind.

Fancy wanting to erect a monument to this sort of creature that's been brought in.

The council came to the conclusion that it wasn't in the best interests to do so.

Personally, I was extremely disappointed.

Because I felt that this was our big chance ..

To get a unique feature into our tourist development industry.

Our young, developing tourist industry, where it was very special.

And the fact that it didn't come to fruition, and I might add ..

With not spending a penny of ratepayers money, as it was a Bi-Centennial project.

I felt that we missed the boat just a little bit.

Well Bill Colburn from the Department Of Defense came and saw me.

And asked could I bind a book for Prince Charles and Lady Di as a wedding present.

And he said he wanted something very special.

And .. I thought .. oh, cane toads.

It took me about a month to join five or six skins together.

And .. that's the finished product.

The Department Of Defense received a letter from Buckingham Palace.

And it reads:

"We are overwhelmed by your kindness in sending us such a fine wedding present."

"Thank you so much for taking all the trouble to find something which .. "

"Is so greatly appreciated and will bring pleasure to us through our married life."

"Yours sincerely, Charles."

The cane toad poison is a mixture of several compounds.

And one group of compounds are steroids which affect heart muscle.

And these are known as bufo-toxins generally.

Well, these of course, are the toxins that kill.

As a mammologist I always had native animals around me that I was studying.

I had a western native cat, that was a pet. It had been with us for five years.

It had been very important to me as a study animal.

The moment we got to Brisbane, I let it out into the back yard as I usually did.

It had the run of the outside and the inside.

The first thing it did was rush over and grabbed what looked like a gigantic frog.

I never even thought about what it was.

I didn't think any more about it. That's a natural thing for a native cat to do.

But, about two minutes later, the animal was obviously in some kind of trouble.

It stuck its tongue out, was salivating and rolling around on the ground.

Within twenty minutes, that beautiful, unique animal.

Which I was totally in love with, this was something I was really wrapped up in.

Died in my arms, in cardiac contractions.

The .. glands that produce the toxic material.

Are located in the skin.

But they're aggregated over the shoulder, in this region here .. and here.

And, if you were to press these glands.

You must cover your eyes with glasses if you're going to engage in this activity.

Then, if you were to press these glands here.

There! You can see the venom spurt out at you.

There are numerous pores over those glands there.

Under pressure, that toxic material will shoot for about a metre.

All in all, it's quite a cocktail of compounds. Toxic compounds.

And I think that people would do well to take care when handling toads.

Hello? Oh hi, Wendy.

After all, people have been killed as a result of beating toads.

Both in Fiji and in the Philippines.

There are well-recorded instances.

We've taken Eddie down there a couple of times.

As far as children are concerned, I think that toads could be a real problem.

Particularly with babies.

The young children who are attracted by the hopping gate of the toad.

See you then, Wendy. Okay. Bye.

Children being what they are, will inevitably squeeze the toads.

And probably put them in their mouths and suck them and so forth.

The results .. could be disastrous.

Edgar!

It was the death of my native cat.

That led me into a kind of internal revenge against the cane toad.

When I began to come to grips with what was going on here.

And every time I ended up in the bush in North Queensland ..

I felt a personal responsibility to reduce toad numbers.

So I was running around at night and hit one of the toads with my geology pick.

Hence, it's all my fault. Nevertheless, it was an unforgettable experience.

The moment my pick hit the back of the toad, the toad was instantly dead.

But I felt like somebody had hit me right in the face with baseball bat.

Or like a bee had stung me in the eye. It was the most excruciating pain.

I'd been hit in the eye by the material jettisoned out of the gland of this toad.

And it was fully about 6 hours, before I could actually see out of the eye again.

It's a very incapacitating experience. One I don't want to go through again.

Don Juan .. says that ..

Some .. some of the South American Indians, they ..

When they get the mescaline out of the cactus they say they say ..

That you actually start to see the world through the consciousness of the cactus.

That you start to see what the world looks like from the eyes of the cactus.

Well .. the toad's the same.

Bufotenine is the active ingredient found in the skin of the cane toad.

It is listed as a dangerous drug in Queensland's Drug Misuse Act.

This means it will attract a maximum penalty of life imprisonment.

Under the Drugs Act, Queensland Police have the power to stop and detain people.

And search people they reasonably suspect of carrying the drug.

And also to place tracking devices on vehicles they suspect carry the drug.

I first found out about the use of toxins from the cane toad back in the 1970s.

When I was stationed here as an investigative detective.

We found that in places like hippie communes near and around Cairns.

When heroin and other drugs weren't freely available.

Next best alternative was to go out, get a cane toad, and kill it.

Boil it down into a solution with a bit of water, and drink the residue.

The effect that I found out that it had on them, from what I've been told.

Was that they had fantastic color hallucinations.

It warped their sense of time, and also affected their mental capacities.

Um .. and uh .. use .. little quantity at .. first .. then .. larger.

A .. little .. bit .. at first. I didn't .. like it .. that much.

"A Townsville man has claimed that cane toads .."

"Were responsible for the deaths of 22 of his large goldfish."

"Mr Paul Devine, President of the Townsville Aquarium Society .."

"Has killed about 200 toads in an attempt to save his fish."

I think the biggest loss of goldfish I've had would be the latest time.

When I lost a lot of these fish with the cane toads.

I lost about 30 goldfish in that time.

The toads attacked the goldfish in the ponds as they swim around in the water.

The cane toads attacked them and tried to get on to the fish and strangle them.

Consequently, they killed quite a few fish.

The cane toads were looking for someone, something to mate with.

I think that's what they were trying to do.

In their frenzy to try and mate with them.

Killed the other fish.

I've had them try to mate with my foot. I've had attempt to amplex with my hand.

But most of often, I've seen them trying to amplex with humps of mud.

Once I realized what the cause was, I started to get rid of all the cane toads

By killing the cane toads.

I got a piece of pipe and went about getting rid of all these cane toads.

Quite a lot of the cane toads were quite hard to kill.

I got a knife put on. After a period of a week, I killed hundreds of cane toads.

They are a bit of a rough bunch. They're alright outside the pond, but not in it.

"On December 27 1959 on a dirt road three miles east of Fingal Bay."

"An adult male toad was observed during amplexus with an adult female toad."

"At least three factors appeared quite unique about the situation."

"First, the female was dead, and had been for some time."

"It appeared as if she had fallen victim to a car."

"The limbs were already stiff."

"The abdomen greatly distended and the smell of putrefaction about her."

"Secondly, it is strange that the male does not note the female's condition."

"Thirdly, the time and place we encountered this pair was unusual."

"It was 14.00 hrs on a sunny afternoon, but more interesting was the location."

"The middle of the road."

"The sex drive appears strong enough in toads to explain his taking her but .."

"His continuance through a possible eight hours of daylight seems rather strange."

When we first came up north, we had friends who had two little girls.

And these little girls had the cane toads as pets.

Instead of little dollies, they had these cane toads.

They had little dresses made up for them, little skirts, beds and a doll's house.

They used to dress the toads up and tuck them into their little beds.

They used to carry them about wrapped up in baby bunting things, little dollies.

These girls had names for them and set up little tea parties.

And they'd get these toads, scratch their tummies and they'd lay back enjoying it.

They'd stick their legs up into the air and just fall asleep.

They were the most contented, alive, little dollies that any girl could like.

But just so ugly!

He's dancing.

Hoppy, hoppy lighter, get yourself a ..

Attishoo, attishoo all fall down.

Now .. I wonder what those spots are for?

I mean, he's got these two spots and these two big spots ..

Now you get down again. No, you can't get up.

No, no, no. You get down. And then I tickle you.

Be quiet.

When I tickle his tummy he really likes it.

But if I tickle his feet he doesn't like it.

Sometimes I call him "Greenie", and sometimes I call him "redhead".

Sometimes I call him "Cane" or my toad.

Sometimes I call him "Dairy Queen".

There's a number of popular misconceptions about cane toads.

One of which is that they feel disgusting to touch, but this isn't true at all.

They feel quite dry, not slimy. The skin is slightly rough.

But it does have a nice silky feeling, and you don't get warts from them.

A misconception is that just by touching them, the toads will exude their poison.

This is also not true.

For a toad like this, to exude any of its poison it has to be severely harassed.

For instance, being picked up in a dog's mouth and really, severely shaken.

I mean to just handle a toad like this, doesn't cause it any distress at all.

In fact, I think they quite like it.

"Though a cane toad may look spiteful and his manners may be frightful."

"He can be delightful .."

Radio: "They are getting smaller around here. On the day when we had rain here."

"We had about 12 of them on the driveway, and there was little bugs flying around."

"And they were going after those bugs. They sure will eat cat food."

"Thank you for that call. Have a good day."

Yes, if he dogs and cats don't come straight away to be fed ..

They will have all their food eaten up by cane toads.

They'll just come in. They love anything. Gravy and peas, it doesn't matter what.

If the dog doesn't have it, it's gone by morning. The cane toads don't mess about.

They get into their bit and they eat it all up.

One of our ways of amusing ourselves at night-time was to ..

Feed him with cigarettes.

These buffalo-marino toads could really smoke. They loved them.

It will clean up the slugs, the snails and a lot of other pests in the garden.

The cane toad like to going underneath lights.

The lights reflects the moths, the insects.

And in this way, he goes and swallows them up.

His reaction is like the same thing, like a vacuum cleaner.

If he sees something, he sucks it up like a vacuum cleaner into his body.

Gut content analysis has shown that ..

It will eat virtually anything that is small enough to get in its mouth, from ..

Frogs, to small birds, to caterpillars, to insects. Crabs, all sorts of things.

In fact research has shown that the toad will even try and eat ping-pong balls.

As they pass by the front of them.

So the general selection of food for a cane toad ..

If it moves or doesn't move, if it can fit in its mouth, it will try and eat it.

We found situations in which the wretched toads were eating the native animals.

In one case a toad was gutted, and found to have in its stomach a marsupial mouse.

This is a very rare, native marsupial, which I was studying as a student.

One of these really important animals came out of the stomach of a cane toad!

Anything that moved, that was smaller than the cane toad was potential prey.

Well, the cane toad is killing our wildlife not just by .. eating it.

It is also killing it by being eaten by that wildlife.

This death-adder here, for example, has no sooner grazed the toad, and it's dead.

The damage that he has inflicted on the natural environment itself.

You take ibises, wild duck. They've all been affected by this fellow.

As soon as they eat him, they die.

I have seen snakes, tai-pans, death adders.

You'd open them up, there'd be a toad inside them.

He has definitely destroyed most of the natural habitat around this place.

It was common to have kookaburras, come in with a cane toad half down its throat.

In a way that a kookaburra could normally manage a native animal

But half way through the process of swallowing this cane toad.

It falls out of the tree stone dead, like it swallowed a cyanide pill.

This is the thing that kind of scared us. These little walking disaster areas.

Unlike any other kind of prey that the native animals were accustomed to.

They gave the native animals no second chance.

No warning, no bitter taste that makes you drop the animal.

If they bit it, firmly enough behind the head, they were dead.

So, from that point of view it's a disaster because ..

It was an introduction of an animal that the bush simply had no experience with.

And couldn't cope with.

He poses as big a menace as the German Army did in WW2.

The invasion is on, and I appeal to everybody to ..

If you see a toad, have no hesitation in running over and killing the monster.

Well, I line them up with the driver's side front wheel.

And, it's not quite as easy as it used to be with the fat tires on the RX4 Mazda.

But I seem to get most of the ones I line up on the right-hand side of the road.

I know I've made a clean kill, if the toad faces towards the vehicle.

Because the air that's inside the toad is trapped within the head ..

And is blown out the back end, and the toad goes off with a bang like a balloon.

Well, I really go out of my way to run over cane toads.

Because I have a very profound love of the wildlife that occurs here naturally.

If it was possible to remove them and totally eradicate them from Australia.

And I was capable of doing it, I would spend a lot of time doing exactly that.

If anyone tried to hurt one of my toads.

There would be a lot of noise, and they would realize, I wasn't a lady.

Toads. I must confess, I don't like the look of the animal.

I can't have any strong affection for him.

But I think I've got to give him credit for doing a good job for us.

The can toad is really an excellent invasion machine.

It is made in many ways so that it can move rapidly into an area.

It is able to move human-assisted as well as under its own steam.

It reproduces incredibly well.

It can produce 30,000 eggs per year.

Start producing after one year, and maybe produce for sixteen years.

It can eat virtually anything, so food requirements aren't really a problem.

It can live in most habitats as long as there is some water.

And it has got excellent predator defense.

Because it is poisonous at most stages of its life-cycles, nothing can touch it.

It's a great machine indeed.

These eight toads at one sitting, can produce 120,000 eggs.

They might do that two perhaps three times a year.

Come the wet season in the top end, in the world-famous wetlands.

You are going to have nothing but a sea of little, black tadpoles.

In the dry season, those famous worldwide billabongs ..

Are going to be seething with hundreds of thousands of toads just like these.

From there, the conquest of Northern Australia is but a hop, skip and a jump.

Our studies indicate that it is possible that the toad will spread right across ..

The northern part of the Northern Territory as far as the Kimberley region.

In northern Western Australia, down the coast of Queensland.

And as far south into New South Wales as possibly Coffs Harbor.

It's entirely possible when you consider what were previously thought ..

To be the limitations on the toad, and what it seems to be able to do now.

The toad is adapting to conditions that previously might have constrained it.

If the toad is coming in, basically it is going to come in.

I can't see any simple way of stopping it at present.

So what we're going to gradually see, is one of these classic human disasters.

Of a mono-culture gradually, a single species, replacing many natural species.

So what is really happening here, is that an ecosystem is at threat.

By being chopped away at the base.

And that will have repercussions all the way up through ..

The whole of the food-chain in which the toad has insinuated itself.

So that we don't really know what the full effects ultimately will be.

But already we've seen ..

That some dominant carnivores in those ecosystems are probably going to vanish.

At the moment, we have absolutely no way of controlling .. the cane toad.

"Cane toads coming, Cane toads coming."

"Main roads are humming with the cane toad blues."

"Cane toads coming .. Cane toads coming."

"Main roads are humming with the cane toad blues."

"Cane toads .. when you going to leave me alone?"

"Heading south, like a case of foot-and-mouth."

"Cane toad .. you're supposed to stay in the spring. Yeah, yeah, yeah.

"Cane toads are coming, cane toads are coming."

"Main roads are humming with the cane-toad blues."

"Cane toads are coming, cane toads are coming."

"Main roads are humming with the cane-toad blues."

"Cane Toad."

"Cane Toad."

"Cane toads are coming. Cane toads are coming."

"Main roads are humming with the cane toad blues."

"Cane toads are coming, cane toads are coming."

"Main roads are humming with the cane-toad blues."

T-G