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Warmed by the tropical sun, the Amazon's trees release so much moisture
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from the surface of their leaves that they create their own clouds.
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And these, over the course of a year, release up to six metres of rain.
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The water flows through the saturated forest along a thousand streams.
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They eventually unite to form the largest river of them all.
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The Amazon carries more water
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than the world's next seven biggest rivers combined.
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Some sections of its banks are particularly sought-after.
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Scarlet macaws travel over 50 miles to visit them.
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Macaw couples bond for life and may stick together for over 40 years.
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Pairs return to favourite trees, ones they've known for decades.
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Parents provide their chicks with fruits and seeds,
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but they're far from the ocean and their diet lacks salt.
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Without it, the chicks' brains and bones will not develop properly.
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So someone has to go and fetch it.
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Many other creatures are looking for the same thing...
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...a clay lick.
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The earth here may be 40 times richer in valuable minerals
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than anywhere else in the surrounding forest.
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Over a dozen species of parrot jostle for space.
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There's a strict order...
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...in who feeds first.
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Everyone is in a rush to fill up and get airborne.
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Parents have to carry over 5 kg of clay to the nest
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before their chicks are ready to leave.
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Once fledged, these young will follow their parents for up to a year,
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learning where to find the salts.
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Many of the great riches of South America lie far beyond the Amazon basin.
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Over 1,000 miles to the south of the Amazon,
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there's one creek unlike any other on the continent.
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Here at Bonito, freshwater springs bubble up from deep underground.
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Filtered through limestone, they create crystal-clear pools...
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...and in them live some remarkable fish.
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Piraputanga-.
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The water is so clear that they're able to see what is going on above its surface.
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Brown capuchins-are up there, looking for a meal.
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The piraputanga-watch them attentively.
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Wherever the monkeys go along the banks, the fish follow.
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The monkeys are on their daily search for ripe fruit,
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and the fish cannot by themselves know where that might be.
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But here it is.
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And fortunately, the monkeys aren't the neatest of feeders.
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Every scrap is fought over.
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One monkey has the job of keeping an eye out for danger.
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Anacondas are the largest of all snakes.
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They grow to over 200 kg.
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And they usually stalk their prey from the water...
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...but it's not fish that they're after.
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If the monkeys stray too close to the water, they will be in danger.
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The scout gives a warning call.
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That might have to be the end of the monkey's meal for today.
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But now the piraputanga... know where the fruit is.
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And there's still plenty left on the tree.
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In the monkeys' absence, they go for it themselves.
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Success or failure is just a matter of millimetres-.
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With a split-second adjustment, the fish bends in midair
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and collects the prize.
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The piraputanga's-extraordinary feeding technique
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relies on these waters remaining clear.
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But today, the future of South America's rivers has become uncertain.
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As the human population has grown, people have become more and more reliant
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on its rivers for one of the essentials of modern life.
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Power.
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Two-thirds of South America's energy now comes from hydroelectricity.
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No other region on Earth is so dependent upon it.
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But the way these dams are managed can cause problems farther downriver.
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These are the Iguazu-Falls.
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If the dams upriver suddenly release their excess, Iguazu... can double in size.
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And that can cause major problems for animals that live here.
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These are great dusky swifts.
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They fly alarmingly close to the thundering torrent...
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...and then vanish.
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Miraculously, they're able to fly right through the curtain of water.
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And they do so because they've built their nests behind the thundering curtain.
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Their enemies... falcons, like this caracara can't follow them.
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So the swift chicks are safe.
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But now humans have created new problems for the swifts.
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Just as some of the chicks are starting to fly,
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the spill over the dams is released in full force.
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As the torrent grows, parents give up on the last perches.
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Now the chicks are alone.
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But they don't yet have their parents' waterproof feathers.
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Every year, the sudden surges of water sweep some to their death.
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The chicks have never seen the world beyond the falling waters.
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Unless they can find a way through, they will not survive.
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Amazingly, driven by blind instinct,
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chicks do manage to power their way through.
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These remarkable birds have colonised- a niche in which few can survive.
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Yet their future, and that of all wildlife in South America,
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will depend on us striking a balance between the needs of humans and animals,
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on the richest and most diverse continent on Earth.
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To film one of South America 3 most elusive predators,
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the Seven Worlds team would travel to the far south of the continent.
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Their aim was to capture footage of wild pumas hunting.
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But what the team encountered was the struggle of a mother
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desperate to feed her family.
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Chile's Torres del Paine covers nearly 1,000 square miles.
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Cameraman John Shier has been coming here for eight years,
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but even he has never witnessed a successful puma hunt.
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With so much ground to cover,
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the crew use the latest technology to scout from the air.
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Bertie is setting up the drone cos it helps find the cats
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and get a unique perspective
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on exactly where they are in this habitat.
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But expert tracker Roberto Donoso- has 15 years' experience here
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and he relies on help from a surprising local.
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No-one can spot a puma as well as a guanaco.
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John is first to pick up the clues.
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- Hey, cat... - Cat, yeah.
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Cat. We've got a cat, OK.
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You can see guanaco on the other side, alarm calling.
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That cat is just sat on the ridge,
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and the full moon has just risen right behind it.
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It's almost cheesy.
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Our very first puma.
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Once John starts to get his eye in,
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he realises-he's being watched by more than one cat.
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It's crazy. So we're sitting here, we've got this young male
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just over the ridge, so we've got that cat.
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While you're sitting here,
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you hear other guanaco alarming other spots
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and you realise that there's just cats roaming all round the landscape.
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Over the coming days, John sees more puma than ever before.
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The situation is like nothing the crew expected.
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For a long time, we used to say
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that trying to spot puma was so unusual and so rare,
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but the real, remarkable thing is actually we're seeing cats every day.
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And to think that there's this many puma around is just... It's incredible.
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After decades of persecution by humans,
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puma are now protected in southern Chile and making a comeback.
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But to stand any chance of seeing them hunt,
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the crew would need to find just the right cat.
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Three weeks in, john has spotted something promising.
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He alerts the crew.
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It was just up here to my right', about 100 yards from me.
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- So he's to the right. - But closer to john.
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Ah, got him. Yeah, yeah, yeah.
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Wow, that's four, all right.
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Looks like a pride of lions.
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A mother with three cubs, and Roberto knows exactly who she ls.
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Her name is Sarmiento-.
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Her struggle to feed her family is now the crew's main focus.
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The challenge is to keep up.
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A mother on the search for food will roam vast distances.
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Seven miles they've walked. Haven't stopped walking.
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For the crew, this means dragging heavy equipment over difficult terrain.
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So we've been following the cat so much
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that there's now a hole in the bottom of my shoe.
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Unpredictable weather makes it even harder.
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Five weeks in and john finally thinks Sarmiento might have some luck.
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So it's more of a hope,
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but I think that she's going to get one of these guanaco today.
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There's been a big herd that's streaming into this valley,
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and for the last two hours, she's just been watching them, like laser focus.
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Fingers crossed, today's the day.
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She fought so hard, the guanaco fought really hard.
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In the end, she didn't get it, but it's amazing
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how she has to fight to get a meal to survive.
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Trying to take down an animal as large as a guanaco
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has left Sarmiento badly injured.
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OVER RADIO". There's a lone guanaco, just up to the right.
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Every failed attempt, she gets weaker...
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Yeah, there you go. It was close, but, yeah, she got thrown off pretty good.
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...but a hungry mother doesn't give up easily.
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There's a group of guanacos-down here,
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so we're trying to get in a good position to launch the drone.
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- Can you see it? - Yeah, got it.
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She's coming back.
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The crew will only have seconds to get into position.
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50, 50 metres. 50.
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OK. 20, 20 metres. It's going.
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20 metres.
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It's going, it's going! It's running, it's running!
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Witnessing this life-and-death battle is difficult.
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But at last, John sees Sarmiento provide for her cubs.
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I feel greatly relieved. It's been 30 days, 100 miles of walking with her,
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and we've finally got her doing it.
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During the chase, I was thinking, "This time, please, please get it down."
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There's been three chases where it got away.
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Her cubs have got food now. She had to fight for it.
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Conservation efforts here have given these secretive cats a rare safe haven,
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enabling the team to capture a filming first...
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...and tell the remarkable story of a fearless mother
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at the far edge of South America.
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Next time...
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...a continent marooned
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during the time of the dinosaurs,
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where the castaways...
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...are like nothing else on Earth.
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Australia.
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