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how did Victoria make weddings white and
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Christmas green why did Edward the eight
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give up the crown for the woman he loved
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and why is the modern royal family
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called Windsor the kings and queens of
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Britain part eight the moderns are not
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amused with George the Third's
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oldest for sons dead the next in line to
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the throne was a teenage girl Britain
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like most countries had always preferred
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to have a man on the throne but strong
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women like Elizabeth the first and Queen
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Anne had proof that a woman could do the
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job just as well if not better than a
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man
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but how would Queen Victoria do Victoria
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her father died when she was just a year
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old she was raised by her controlling
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mother who saw her only child as a meal
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ticket the future Queen was kept
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isolated from other children she had to
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sleep in her mother's room until she was
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18 and wasn't allowed to go up or down
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stairs without holding someone's hand
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lest she fall and hurt herself her
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mother secretary John Conroy tried to
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control her he bullied Victoria to sign
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papers guaranteeing himself power when
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she came to the throne but teenage
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Victoria was strong-willed and refused
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her uncle King William managed to live
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just past her 18th birthday so she could
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take the throne without her mother
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pushing in as region once Victoria was
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Queen she sent her mother away and
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basked and her newfound freedom the
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prime minister Lord Melbourne was her
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mentor and she appointed the wives and
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daughters of his friends as her
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ladies-in-waiting when an election
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ousted Melbourne in favour of Robert
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Peel the new PM wanted some of the
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ladies-in-waiting to be replaced with
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his own supporters with us Victoria
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refused and Peel resigned in protest
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this was a big no-no monarchs were no
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longer allowed to take sides in politics
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and those who did sometimes lost their
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heads
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seeing what a large scandal has caused
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Victoria acquiesced an allowed Pele to
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come back as Prime Minister
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Victoria fell in love with their
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handsome German cousin Albert of
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saxe-coburg and Gotha the Queen had to
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propose to him as it would have been
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improper for a man to ask a monarchs
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hand in marriage at her wedding she
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began the tradition of brides wearing
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white before this women wore their best
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dress whatever the colour Albert also
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introduced the Christmas tree a German
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tradition to Britain Victoria was quite
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pleased with Albert in the bedroom as
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well and the couple had nine children
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but what should Albert be called Mary
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the first had been happy to hand over
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power to her husband the king of Spain
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and that had been a disaster Elizabeth
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the first refused to marry rather than
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share the crown Mary the second husband
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had been a co ruling King and Anne had
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kept her husband as far away from the
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throne as possible
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Victoria loved and trusted Albert and
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she might have allowed him to be king
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Albert the first but the people wouldn't
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stand for it they simply didn't trust
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the foreign Prince Albert was named
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Prince Consort
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the title held by the current Queen's
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husband Prince Philip not able to be
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King Albert needed something to do he
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had a good head for finance and did an
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excellent job performing the Royal
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pocketbook he discovered numerous
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insufficiencies and the way the palace
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was run and dozens of people on staff
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who were paid for doing useless things
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such as setting banquet tables every
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night for King George who had long been
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dead Albert got Victoria in the black
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and secured the wealth of future
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generations of the Finnish royal family
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he also put his talents into arranging
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the Great Exhibition which showcased new
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inventions such as The Telegraph and
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photography as well as cultural displays
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from around the world the exhibition was
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held at the Crystal Palace specially
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built for the occasion Albert threw
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himself into everything he did so much
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so that he wore himself down and after
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an argument with their eldest son Albert
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contracted typhoid fever and died at 42
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Victoria was heart bro
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and she spent the rest of her life in
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mourning popularizing many mourning
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practices including wearing black
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she kept Albert's bedroom as a shrine to
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him and refused to ever let it change
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she spent most of her time at Balmoral
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Castle in Scotland where her closeness
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to a servant named John Brown earned her
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the nickname mrs. Brown she retreated
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from public life leading many to wonder
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why their tax money was going to pay for
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a queen who didn't work for them the
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Industrial Revolution was in full swing
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the world had changed and many believed
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that there was no place for a monarch
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one Republican hung a for rent sign on
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the gates of Buckingham Palace but the
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government saw the use of the monarchy
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the pageantry inspired the people to
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patriotism and Victoria's nine children
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made useful political marriages
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spreading British influence all over
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Europe Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli
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coaxed the Queen out of hiding with a
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grand ceremony crowning her Empress of
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India while Victoria had been in hiding
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her army had been busy conquering and
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colonizing a quarter of the planet and
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creating the largest empire the world
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had ever seen it was said that the Sun
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never set on the British Empire and
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Disraeli wanted the millions of subjects
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around the world to see themselves not
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under a conquering army and a bunch of
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bureaucrats but under a matronly
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unreason
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victoria became the logo of the empire
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and her likeness was seen everywhere she
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celebrated a 50-year golden at a 60-year
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diamond jubilee with parades and
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celebrations by the end of her life
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Victoria had 90 living descendants many
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of whom carried her genes for porphyria
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and Amelia the disease that would cause
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the downfall of the Russian royal family
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in 1917 Victoria broke the record with
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her 64 year reign and set a pattern for
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British royals
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to be the focus of ceremony and the
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emblems of their people but not involved
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in politics
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the house of saxe-coburg and Gotha
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Edward the seventh like all the other
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Hanoverians Victoria and her eldest son
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Edward did not get along he could never
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measure up to his saintly father Prince
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Albert when his parents discovered that
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the teenage Edward was visiting a
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prostitute
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the subsequent argument killed his
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father and Victoria never forgave her
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son to get him under control his mother
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arranged a marriage to the beautiful
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Princess Alexandra of Denmark but
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Alexandra was deaf and spoke very little
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Edward preferred the company of witty
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mistresses and lived a playboy lifestyle
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smoking cigars and guzzling champagne he
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was 59 by the time he came to the throne
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he had pretty liberal ideas he spoke
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against racism and supported laborers
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but he was against votes for women
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Edwards eldest son and heir Prince
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Albert Victor was a playboy like his old
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man
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he was twice embroiled in scandal once
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when a homosexual brothel was discovered
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by police and Albert's close friend was
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exposed as a client later it was
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speculated that Albert might have been
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Jack the Ripper the serial killer who
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mutilated five prostitutes in London and
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was never caught Albert was almost
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certainly not culpable in either case he
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died at 28 during an influenza pandemic
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and his younger brother became the heir
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King Edward improved relations with
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France but he did not get along with his
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nephew kaiser wilhelm ii of germany
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he signed a treaty against Parliament's
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wishes promising that if Germany invaded
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France Britain would go to war Edward
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died at 68 after a nine-year reign
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george v with his older brother long
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dead George took the throne
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George had always been more intelligent
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than his brother anyway he had spent his
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youth serving in the Royal Navy and was
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a stiff man and strict disciplinarian
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when his brother died months before
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marrying Princess Mary of Teck George
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decided not to waste a good royal match
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and married Mary himself Mary turned out
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to be a kleptomaniac she pocketed
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jewelry and valuable trinkets everywhere
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she went and her host had to let her get
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away with it you couldn't say no to a
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queen in 1914 George's cousin Kaiser
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Wilhelm invaded France and Britain
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declared war on Germany World War one
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had begun with Germany so unpopular
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George made the prudent decision to
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renounce all his hereditary German
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titles and changed the family name from
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saxe-coburg and Gotha to the more
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English founding Windsor the name of his
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favorite Castle when his cousin tsar
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nicholas ii of russia was deposed during
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the Bolshevik Revolution George asked
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Parliament to allow this our family
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asylum in England but George got so
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nervous about being associated with the
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man now labeled a tyrant that he changed
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his mind and didn't save them Nicholas
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his wife and their five children were
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gunned down in a basement in 1918
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revolution in Germany forced Kaiser
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Wilhelm to abdicate ending World War one
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George decreed that his children no
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longer need marry foreign Royals after
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all there were so few left to choose
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from George also lost a large chunk of
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the United Kingdom Southern Ireland
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wanted to be Republic and on the brink
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of Civil War
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George was forced to sign the Home Rule
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bill making Ireland its own nation
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several other parts of the British
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Empire including Australia Canada and
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Africa became legally independent they
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are now the Commonwealth they have their
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own governments but the British monarch
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is still nominally their head of state
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after the stock market crash in 1929 the
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government had to make major cutbacks
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and many workers including the Navy went
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on strike
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George an old naval man himself was able
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to communicate with the sailors and end
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the strike he also convinced the prime
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minister not to resign but to form a
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coalition government that could get
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things done during the crisis in 1932
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George gave the first Christmas speech
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on the radio and has remained an annual
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royal tradition ever since
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on his deathbed at 70 his doctor was
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horrified that the Kings impending death
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might appear first in the vulgar evening
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news so he gave the King a lethal
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injection to ensure that he would make
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the deadline for the more proper morning
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edition Edward the eighth Edward was yet
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another Hanoverian playboy who didn't
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get along with his father he had many
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affairs over the years but when the 32
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year old came to the throne he was head
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over heels for a married American Wallis
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Simpson Wallace had already been
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divorced once and wanted to divorce
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again to marry the King the government
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and the church in particular would not
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stand for it
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at that time divorce was not recognized
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by the Church of England and Wallace was
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not seen as an appropriate spouse for
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the head of the church even worse than
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her love life Wallace was also a Nazi
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sympathizer and was sleeping with the
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German ambassador Britton was on the
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brink of war with the new German regime
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and Wallace took Edward to Germany for a
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friendly visit with Hitler
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Edward was given the choice give up
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Wallace or give up the crown he chose
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the latter and announced his abdication
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after only 11 months as king shocking
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the nation he married Wallace and he
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spent the rest of his life
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aimless Slee wandering around the world
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writing letters to the royal family
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demanding a larger allowance and that
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Wallace be called her Royal Highness
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they refused
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George the six after the application
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Edwards brother was crowned George the
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six he was a painfully shy man with a
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stutter and had never expected to be
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king but he saw it as his duty to serve
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the people so he reluctantly stepped
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into the role he was happily married to
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the daughter of a minor Scottish noble
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Elizabeth bowes-lyon making him the
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first monarch to be married to a
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commoner since Henry the eighth the
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couple and their two daughters Elizabeth
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and Margaret lived a quiet happy life
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until they were thrust into the
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spotlight right as Britain entered World
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War Two the royal family remained in
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London throughout the war even when
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Buckingham Palace was long and they
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narrowly escaped Princess Elizabeth
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pitched in and worked as a driver and
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mechanic for the Women's Auxiliary
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George had a close relationship with
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Prime Minister Winston Churchill and
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became incredibly popular symbol of
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British pride and courage the war ended
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in 1945
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00:12:24,329 --> 00:12:27,240
George ruled another 7 years then died
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suddenly of lung cancer at the age of 56
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00:12:31,579 --> 00:12:34,470
Elizabeth the second Elizabeth was in
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Africa on a tour of the Commonwealth
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when her father passed away and she
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00:12:38,490 --> 00:12:41,819
unexpectedly became Queen she was 25 the
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00:12:41,819 --> 00:12:43,949
same aides of her namesake took the
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ground her youth and glamour were an
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emblem of hope and a source of escapism
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for Britain still recovering from the
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devastating war her coronation was the
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first to be televised and spurred
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00:12:54,569 --> 00:12:57,149
thousands to buy their first TV by her
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00:12:57,149 --> 00:12:59,190
side with her handsome husband Prince
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Philip Philip was a member of the Greek
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and Danish royal family but had become a
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British citizen upon his engagement to
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00:13:06,180 --> 00:13:08,610
Elizabeth the two had been introduced by
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Philips uncle Louis Mountbatten and when
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they fell in love Louie was thrilled
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that future generations of the British
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family would bear the name Mountbatten
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but it was decided that know the name of
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the royal family would continue to be
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Windsor Elizabeth famously bought her
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wedding dress with war ration coupons in
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fact she is very frugal despite her
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millions of pounds
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states and jewels she insist on eating
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leftovers and having worn clothes
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repaired
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has been replaced Elizabeth and Philip
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had four children Charles and Andrew and
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Edward the eldest Charles was invested
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as heir to the throne and Prince of
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Wales in 1969 in the early 70s
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Charles fell in love with a vivacious
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young woman named Camilla when the pair
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00:13:53,080 --> 00:13:53,920
first met
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Camilla introduced herself as the
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great-granddaughter of Alice Keeble the
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mistress of Charles's
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great-great-grandfather Edward the
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seventh the pair dated for several years
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but it became clear that the royal
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family was not accepting marriage
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between the two Camilla was not from the
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right sort of family seeing the
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situation is hopeless
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Camilla accepted a marriage proposal
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from another young man but she and the
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Prince couldn't keep away from each
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00:14:19,960 --> 00:14:20,260
other
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00:14:20,260 --> 00:14:21,940
they continued an on-off relationship
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00:14:21,940 --> 00:14:24,160
even as Charles married the woman
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00:14:24,160 --> 00:14:26,740
hand-picked for him Diana Spencer
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Diana was demure and beautiful seen as a
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fairytale princess but the public didn't
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see the unhappiness in her marriage
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until later on their honeymoon Charles
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00:14:37,090 --> 00:14:38,830
was more interested in reading than in
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00:14:38,830 --> 00:14:41,050
his new bride he tried to stay away from
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canola at first but they were kindled
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00:14:43,330 --> 00:14:45,190
their affair and the Queen had very
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little sympathy for her lonely
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daughter-in-law
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Diana became incredibly popular both for
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her glamour and her charity work
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particularly with victims of AIDS and
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land mines
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she was known as the people's princess
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and the princess of heart so in 1992
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00:15:01,870 --> 00:15:04,720
when Charles and Diana divorce and the
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00:15:04,720 --> 00:15:06,430
unhappiness of their marriage was
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00:15:06,430 --> 00:15:09,280
exposed Charles and Camilla got to blame
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00:15:09,280 --> 00:15:12,130
that same year two of the Queen's other
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00:15:12,130 --> 00:15:14,740
children divorced and from Mark Spencer
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00:15:14,740 --> 00:15:17,170
and Andrew from Sarah her defense the
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00:15:17,170 --> 00:15:20,590
Queen called 1992 her honest horriblest
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00:15:20,590 --> 00:15:23,530
or horrible year because on top of all
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00:15:23,530 --> 00:15:25,630
the drama with her children her favorite
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00:15:25,630 --> 00:15:26,800
home and namesake
409
00:15:26,800 --> 00:15:29,110
Windsor Castle caught fire and was
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00:15:29,110 --> 00:15:30,940
partially destroyed when it was
411
00:15:30,940 --> 00:15:32,650
announced that the public would foot the
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00:15:32,650 --> 00:15:34,480
bill for the repairs the people were
413
00:15:34,480 --> 00:15:37,030
outraged the Queen was already exempt
414
00:15:37,030 --> 00:15:37,939
from paying tax
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00:15:37,939 --> 00:15:40,339
is on her massive fortune on top of that
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00:15:40,339 --> 00:15:42,379
she received millions of pounds a year
417
00:15:42,379 --> 00:15:44,419
from the government many didn't and
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00:15:44,419 --> 00:15:46,669
still don't see the sense in public
419
00:15:46,669 --> 00:15:48,889
funds going to a monarch the symbol of
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00:15:48,889 --> 00:15:51,079
an outdated system the queen finally
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00:15:51,079 --> 00:15:53,119
conceded that she would pay income tax
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00:15:53,119 --> 00:15:55,759
and pay allowances to minor Royals from
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00:15:55,759 --> 00:15:59,599
her own pocket in 1997 Diana died in a
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00:15:59,599 --> 00:16:01,970
car crash in Paris and the outpouring of
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00:16:01,970 --> 00:16:04,459
grief around the world was enormous but
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00:16:04,459 --> 00:16:06,829
was met with silence from the Queen
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00:16:06,829 --> 00:16:09,019
Charles reacted immediately with sadness
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00:16:09,019 --> 00:16:10,639
at the loss of the mother of his
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00:16:10,639 --> 00:16:11,209
children
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00:16:11,209 --> 00:16:13,489
but the Queen remained hidden for over a
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00:16:13,489 --> 00:16:16,369
week the people saw this as cold hearted
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00:16:16,369 --> 00:16:18,589
and out of touch Prime Minister Tony
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00:16:18,589 --> 00:16:20,599
Blair finally convinced her that she
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00:16:20,599 --> 00:16:23,449
needed to make a statement Queen
435
00:16:23,449 --> 00:16:25,159
Elizabeth's reign had seen the British
436
00:16:25,159 --> 00:16:27,769
Empire come into a modern era and that
437
00:16:27,769 --> 00:16:29,689
includes the lost most of its
438
00:16:29,689 --> 00:16:32,179
territories now part of the Commonwealth
439
00:16:32,179 --> 00:16:35,569
or entirely independent nations she has
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become the face of Britain around the
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00:16:37,639 --> 00:16:39,979
world and not just on stamps with the
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00:16:39,979 --> 00:16:42,199
jet age she's been able to visit dozens
443
00:16:42,199 --> 00:16:44,479
of countries in person on state visits
444
00:16:44,479 --> 00:16:47,419
as always the monarchy teeters between
445
00:16:47,419 --> 00:16:50,359
popularity and ridicule Charles who will
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00:16:50,359 --> 00:16:52,729
be the next king assuming he outlived
447
00:16:52,729 --> 00:16:55,129
his mother finally married his lifelong
448
00:16:55,129 --> 00:16:57,199
love Camilla at least they are happy
449
00:16:57,199 --> 00:16:59,569
because the public sentiment is mixed
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00:16:59,569 --> 00:17:01,999
Charles and Diana's eldest son and
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00:17:01,999 --> 00:17:04,309
probably future king william's married a
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00:17:04,309 --> 00:17:06,799
commoner Catherine Middleton and their
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00:17:06,799 --> 00:17:08,959
glamorous wedding and adorable children
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00:17:08,959 --> 00:17:10,970
have gone a long way to win back the
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00:17:10,970 --> 00:17:14,148
hearts of the public in 2013 just in
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00:17:14,148 --> 00:17:15,648
time for the birth of Will and Kate's
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00:17:15,648 --> 00:17:17,929
first child the new succession to the
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00:17:17,929 --> 00:17:20,148
crown Act was passed getting daughters
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00:17:20,148 --> 00:17:22,638
equal importance to sons in the line of
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00:17:22,638 --> 00:17:25,789
succession in 2015 Elizabeth surpassed
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00:17:25,789 --> 00:17:27,439
her great-great-grandmother Queen
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00:17:27,439 --> 00:17:30,110
Victoria's record and is now the longest
463
00:17:30,110 --> 00:17:32,539
reigning monarch in English history it
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00:17:32,539 --> 00:17:34,639
remains to be seen what lies in store
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for the future of the British monarchy
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want to know more about what's in store
467
00:17:39,289 --> 00:17:40,730
for the British royal family
468
00:17:40,730 --> 00:17:42,799
check out my future of the British crown
469
00:17:42,799 --> 00:17:44,170
series
470
00:17:44,170 --> 00:17:46,890
thank you for watching
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00:17:49,380 --> 00:00:00,000
[Music]
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