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Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:21,100 --> 00:00:23,400 200 million years ago, 2 00:00:23,400 --> 00:00:26,720 our planet looked very different from what it does today. 3 00:00:26,720 --> 00:00:29,040 It was entirely covered by sea, 4 00:00:29,040 --> 00:00:33,840 which surrounded one single supercontinent we call Pangaea. 5 00:00:35,520 --> 00:00:38,640 And then... Pangaea began to break up. 6 00:00:40,360 --> 00:00:45,040 Life was cast adrift on fragments of land. 7 00:00:47,200 --> 00:00:51,960 And these fragments eventually became our seven continents. 8 00:00:54,200 --> 00:00:57,680 We will see how life developed on each continent, 9 00:00:57,680 --> 00:01:03,400 giving rise to the extraordinary and wonderful diversity that we see today. 10 00:01:03,400 --> 00:01:07,600 In this programme, we celebrate highlights from the series. 11 00:01:09,320 --> 00:01:14,080 From the far north down to Antarctica. 12 00:01:14,080 --> 00:01:16,960 Revealing rarely seen animals... 13 00:01:18,360 --> 00:01:23,840 ..newly discovered species... ..and incredible behaviours. 14 00:01:25,920 --> 00:01:30,480 This is Seven Worlds, One Planet. 15 00:01:52,160 --> 00:01:55,160 Over 100 times the size of Great Britain, 16 00:01:55,160 --> 00:02:00,400 North America stretches from just above the equator almost to the North Pole. 17 00:02:02,200 --> 00:02:06,440 But today, on this vast continent, things are changing. 18 00:02:08,680 --> 00:02:13,000 In the far north, summers are now getting longer and hotter. 19 00:02:15,040 --> 00:02:19,720 And Canada is warming faster than any other country on Earth. 20 00:02:29,480 --> 00:02:34,600 Polar bears have always relied on sea ice for their hunting. 21 00:02:36,480 --> 00:02:42,040 For most, these long summer months are a time of starvation. 22 00:02:48,120 --> 00:02:51,080 But on the shores of Hudson Bay, 23 00:02:51,080 --> 00:02:55,120 some bears are finding a new source of food. 24 00:03:12,080 --> 00:03:15,320 They're all looking for the same thing, 25 00:03:15,320 --> 00:03:18,000 and they have their own ways of catching it. 26 00:03:25,920 --> 00:03:29,240 First, they must find the right rock. 27 00:03:39,760 --> 00:03:41,960 Now, they must wait. 28 00:03:52,320 --> 00:03:57,600 The tide comes in, bringing with it other northern giants. 29 00:04:17,120 --> 00:04:18,960 Beluga whales. 30 00:04:23,200 --> 00:04:25,440 Close to the shore, 31 00:04:25,440 --> 00:04:30,280 their calves should be safe from ocean-going predators such as orca. 32 00:04:32,960 --> 00:04:36,000 Over 3,000 whales have gathered here. 33 00:04:56,720 --> 00:04:59,640 The bears need to be patient. 34 00:05:15,200 --> 00:05:18,720 Success will depend on split-second timing. 35 00:06:03,640 --> 00:06:08,040 A bite at the back of the head, and the kill is swift. 36 00:06:16,600 --> 00:06:20,400 This extraordinary behaviour has only been reported here 37 00:06:20,400 --> 00:06:23,040 in this remote corner of North America. 38 00:06:25,880 --> 00:06:28,120 And only in the last few years. 39 00:06:33,240 --> 00:06:38,080 This one small group of bears has found an ingenious way 40 00:06:38,080 --> 00:06:41,480 to survive the lean summer months. 41 00:06:54,320 --> 00:06:59,400 Today, much of the planet's wildlife has to live alongside people. 42 00:07:01,640 --> 00:07:04,280 And nowhere more so than in Europe. 43 00:07:05,920 --> 00:07:09,560 With a population of over 700 million, 44 00:07:09,560 --> 00:07:13,560 it's a crowded world transformed by humanity. 45 00:07:16,760 --> 00:07:21,360 But there are pockets of wilderness even in Europe's cities. 46 00:07:24,200 --> 00:07:30,200 Vienna in Austria has over 2,000 parks, gardens and cemeteries. 47 00:07:39,640 --> 00:07:45,520 And down in the undergrowth, a rather unusual resident. 48 00:08:07,280 --> 00:08:10,240 Wild hamsters are found in grasslands 49 00:08:10,240 --> 00:08:12,320 throughout central Europe. 50 00:08:13,520 --> 00:08:16,840 Here in the city, they're doing extremely well. 51 00:08:19,520 --> 00:08:23,720 This male is on a mission to find food. 52 00:08:23,720 --> 00:08:27,840 And he's set his sights on one thing in particular. 53 00:08:29,280 --> 00:08:30,680 Fresh flowers. 54 00:08:37,720 --> 00:08:41,560 To survive the winter, hamsters must fatten up. 55 00:08:42,520 --> 00:08:44,840 So there's no time to waste. 56 00:09:00,400 --> 00:09:05,960 The only problem - these flowers are in someone else's patch. 57 00:09:36,720 --> 00:09:40,240 Graveside bouquets are worth fighting for. 58 00:09:45,160 --> 00:09:49,040 The winner gets to keep the territory 59 00:09:49,040 --> 00:09:51,080 and all the food within it. 60 00:10:02,160 --> 00:10:05,520 The loser has to beat a hasty retreat. 61 00:10:15,040 --> 00:10:19,480 But the lure of fresh petals is just too much. 62 00:10:21,320 --> 00:10:24,960 Plan B - stealth mode. 63 00:10:36,560 --> 00:10:38,800 The coast looks clear. 64 00:10:43,000 --> 00:10:45,520 But best not take any chances. 65 00:11:00,960 --> 00:11:04,800 The trick is to get in and out before you're caught. 66 00:11:11,120 --> 00:11:12,720 And now... 67 00:11:14,160 --> 00:11:15,360 ..dessert. 68 00:11:18,760 --> 00:11:20,440 Candle wax. 69 00:11:20,440 --> 00:11:23,640 It's full of oil, and high in calories. 70 00:11:42,240 --> 00:11:47,120 A hamster's cheeks can hold a quarter of its body weight. 71 00:11:55,800 --> 00:11:57,920 Just one more mouthful... 72 00:12:06,760 --> 00:12:08,280 Oh, dear. 73 00:12:16,320 --> 00:12:19,560 Big cheeks and narrow bottlenecks. 74 00:12:19,560 --> 00:12:21,160 How very embarrassing. 75 00:12:33,960 --> 00:12:39,040 Wherever you live, finding food can be a challenge - 76 00:12:39,040 --> 00:12:42,240 be it in the urban jungles of Europe... 77 00:12:43,440 --> 00:12:46,440 ..or the equatorial jungle of Africa. 78 00:12:54,240 --> 00:12:58,960 At its heart lies over a million square miles of wilderness... 79 00:13:04,760 --> 00:13:08,440 ..much of it still unexplored even now. 80 00:13:21,600 --> 00:13:27,200 The forests of the Ivory Coast contain over 1,500 species of plant. 81 00:13:29,200 --> 00:13:32,080 But some are very difficult to get at, 82 00:13:32,080 --> 00:13:35,320 even for one of the most intelligent of animals... 83 00:13:44,640 --> 00:13:46,080 ..chimpanzees. 84 00:13:58,080 --> 00:14:05,560 The elders in this group know where to find the most nutritious food and how to extract it. 85 00:14:07,680 --> 00:14:10,440 But if they are to survive to adulthood, 86 00:14:10,440 --> 00:14:14,120 the youngsters must learn these skills from their parents. 87 00:14:27,720 --> 00:14:30,480 This young female is five years old. 88 00:14:33,520 --> 00:14:37,080 Old enough to be given an important lesson. 89 00:14:52,120 --> 00:14:54,320 And this is her teacher. 90 00:14:55,440 --> 00:14:56,880 Her mother. 91 00:15:04,080 --> 00:15:07,520 The lesson is how to crack a nut. 92 00:15:18,960 --> 00:15:23,360 Using tools like this is so complex that it has only been mastered 93 00:15:23,360 --> 00:15:26,120 by a handful of chimpanzee communities. 94 00:15:35,000 --> 00:15:37,800 This is a skill that has been practised by chimps 95 00:15:37,800 --> 00:15:39,400 for several thousand years. 96 00:15:52,200 --> 00:15:55,240 Time to try for herself. 97 00:16:16,800 --> 00:16:19,040 She needs to find a better tool. 98 00:16:39,080 --> 00:16:42,400 Small rocks just don't have the clout. 99 00:16:45,680 --> 00:16:48,680 And larger ones are too cumbersome. 100 00:16:55,720 --> 00:16:58,840 Wood is both light and strong... 101 00:17:02,920 --> 00:17:04,720 ..but not strong enough. 102 00:17:09,680 --> 00:17:11,440 Back to teacher. 103 00:17:16,600 --> 00:17:19,480 It may take a young chimp up to a decade 104 00:17:19,480 --> 00:17:22,200 to perfect the skills it needs for nutcracking. 105 00:17:27,080 --> 00:17:31,760 She'll share this knowledge with youngsters of her own, 106 00:17:31,760 --> 00:17:36,880 enabling them to harvest the riches of their rainforest home. 107 00:17:43,080 --> 00:17:50,680 The largest of all the continents, Asia, is a land of extremes. 108 00:17:50,680 --> 00:17:54,520 Here lie some of the hottest deserts on Earth. 109 00:17:56,600 --> 00:17:59,800 This is the Lut Desert of Iran. 110 00:18:02,040 --> 00:18:06,120 Here, temperatures can reach 70 Celsius. 111 00:18:19,800 --> 00:18:22,200 The blisteringly hot rocks 112 00:18:22,200 --> 00:18:27,400 and baking sands of Iran's deserts may appear totally lifeless. 113 00:18:33,640 --> 00:18:38,360 But a few trees manage to grow in the shade of the canyon walls. 114 00:18:40,400 --> 00:18:47,120 And here, at least, migrating birds passing through can stop for a little rest. 115 00:18:49,560 --> 00:18:52,560 The flycatcher. 116 00:18:54,800 --> 00:18:58,280 With luck, there might be a meal of some kind here. 117 00:19:03,760 --> 00:19:06,400 There are spiders in the crevices. 118 00:19:08,040 --> 00:19:10,080 Not much, but worth having. 119 00:19:14,920 --> 00:19:17,800 And there's something moving up there. 120 00:20:00,640 --> 00:20:02,880 The bird was mistaken. 121 00:20:02,880 --> 00:20:06,280 It was a viper with a lethal bite. 122 00:20:18,640 --> 00:20:22,000 This species has only recently been discovered, 123 00:20:22,000 --> 00:20:26,520 and so far, it has been found nowhere else but here. 124 00:20:28,680 --> 00:20:30,720 Its camouflage is so effective 125 00:20:30,720 --> 00:20:34,000 that it's almost impossible to see it on these rocks. 126 00:20:38,840 --> 00:20:44,360 And on its tail, movable scales have been modified to look like a spider's legs... 127 00:20:48,360 --> 00:20:50,600 ..and its tip like an abdomen. 128 00:21:04,360 --> 00:21:08,040 Migrating birds only appear in this barren desert 129 00:21:08,040 --> 00:21:10,120 during a few weeks of the year. 130 00:21:13,400 --> 00:21:17,640 This is the snake's only chance to eat for months. 131 00:21:29,600 --> 00:21:31,320 A shrike. 132 00:21:32,840 --> 00:21:37,320 It has flown here from Africa and hasn't fed for days. 133 00:22:29,720 --> 00:22:31,840 Better luck next time. 134 00:22:40,280 --> 00:22:44,560 Asia also contains the highest mountains on Earth. 135 00:22:47,800 --> 00:22:49,840 The Himalayas. 136 00:22:52,200 --> 00:22:55,800 They stand over five miles high. 137 00:23:01,240 --> 00:23:04,680 Asia's mountains stretch all the way from Afghanistan 138 00:23:04,680 --> 00:23:09,360 across northern India to here in central China. 139 00:23:12,400 --> 00:23:15,240 These are the mountains of Shennongjia... 140 00:23:16,640 --> 00:23:18,680 ..among China's highest. 141 00:23:26,600 --> 00:23:30,080 The forests here were, until comparatively recently, 142 00:23:30,080 --> 00:23:31,880 the least known in the world. 143 00:23:33,720 --> 00:23:38,200 Few outsiders had any idea of what animals might be living in them. 144 00:23:43,280 --> 00:23:46,760 There were stories of humanlike monsters, yetis, 145 00:23:46,760 --> 00:23:51,920 abominable snowmen, who left strange footprints in the snow... 146 00:23:54,960 --> 00:23:56,480 ..but little else. 147 00:23:59,760 --> 00:24:05,200 And indeed, there are monkeys living in the snowy forest. 148 00:24:05,200 --> 00:24:07,840 And they're very strange. 149 00:24:11,880 --> 00:24:19,360 Meet the two-faced, golden-coated, snub-nosed snow monkey. 150 00:24:27,160 --> 00:24:29,800 They are among the heftiest of monkeys. 151 00:24:35,880 --> 00:24:39,240 Big animals keep warm more easily than small ones, 152 00:24:39,240 --> 00:24:41,760 and they survive in colder conditions 153 00:24:41,760 --> 00:24:44,440 than any other monkey on Earth. 154 00:24:48,320 --> 00:24:51,080 They all have snub noses. 155 00:24:51,080 --> 00:24:55,400 Perhaps prominent ones would only too easily get frostbitten. 156 00:24:59,040 --> 00:25:04,520 The whole group huddles together at the slightest opportunity to keep warm. 157 00:25:09,400 --> 00:25:11,040 And who wouldn't? 158 00:25:29,080 --> 00:25:34,600 Even adults, if they get separated from the group, can freeze to death. 159 00:25:48,680 --> 00:25:54,280 Now, in the depths of winter, food is desperately hard to find. 160 00:26:00,320 --> 00:26:03,840 The head of the family leads them to the edge of their territory 161 00:26:03,840 --> 00:26:05,720 in search of something to eat. 162 00:26:07,720 --> 00:26:11,560 The only food here is wretchedly un-nourishing. 163 00:26:12,600 --> 00:26:16,440 Bark, moss, and lichen. 164 00:26:18,080 --> 00:26:22,280 There's hardly enough to sustain one monkey, let alone a family. 165 00:26:26,080 --> 00:26:28,000 But they share it peaceably. 166 00:26:35,200 --> 00:26:38,560 Survival depends on the group keeping together. 167 00:26:44,520 --> 00:26:47,920 In these mountains, any food is precious. 168 00:26:52,600 --> 00:26:54,200 A rival group. 169 00:27:02,960 --> 00:27:05,200 They too are searching for food. 170 00:27:15,200 --> 00:27:17,760 The two males go head-to-head. 171 00:28:00,920 --> 00:28:03,480 And now, the females join the fray. 172 00:28:17,600 --> 00:28:20,720 Outnumbered, the intruders retreat. 173 00:28:25,040 --> 00:28:27,440 Their leader is the last to go. 174 00:28:39,440 --> 00:28:42,880 The fight was over the smallest of meals, 175 00:28:42,880 --> 00:28:46,840 but it was ferocious nonetheless, and the family is now scattered. 176 00:28:49,000 --> 00:28:51,000 But they must stay together. 177 00:28:52,640 --> 00:28:55,480 The youngest are already badly chilled. 178 00:29:01,280 --> 00:29:07,160 She can see her father, but has she the strength to reach him? 179 00:29:43,280 --> 00:29:46,480 Back to safety and warmth. 180 00:29:56,240 --> 00:30:02,760 The huddle is the only source of warmth in these bleak, frozen forests. 181 00:30:14,920 --> 00:30:18,720 Asia may have the highest mountain range, 182 00:30:18,720 --> 00:30:22,840 but the world's longest can be found in South America. 183 00:30:25,160 --> 00:30:28,160 Stretching for over 4,000 miles, 184 00:30:28,160 --> 00:30:30,880 from Venezuela in the north, 185 00:30:30,880 --> 00:30:36,440 to Patagonia in the south - the Andes. 186 00:30:38,480 --> 00:30:42,920 At the southern tip, mountains rise almost vertically. 187 00:30:48,400 --> 00:30:51,200 The barren slopes look inhospitable. 188 00:30:58,200 --> 00:31:00,560 But like all parts of South America, 189 00:31:00,560 --> 00:31:03,000 they're actually rich with wildlife. 190 00:31:14,200 --> 00:31:16,000 A family of puma. 191 00:31:23,000 --> 00:31:26,800 They live further south than any other kind of cat on Earth. 192 00:31:36,920 --> 00:31:40,040 These cubs are only six months old, 193 00:31:40,040 --> 00:31:43,280 entirely dependent on their mother for food. 194 00:31:46,520 --> 00:31:51,400 She knows how to exploit this rugged landscape to her advantage. 195 00:31:59,920 --> 00:32:05,800 And she has to do so if she is to catch the continent's most challenging prey. 196 00:32:26,720 --> 00:32:29,960 Guanaco, a relative of the camel. 197 00:32:35,080 --> 00:32:38,960 Two metres tall and over three times the weight of a puma. 198 00:32:41,800 --> 00:32:45,200 The mother's only hope is to go for the throat 199 00:32:45,200 --> 00:32:47,640 and try to suffocate her prey. 200 00:33:55,040 --> 00:33:56,560 Her cubs try to help... 201 00:34:07,960 --> 00:34:10,320 ..but they themselves don't yet have the skills 202 00:34:10,320 --> 00:34:13,560 or the weight to bring down such large prey. 203 00:34:26,800 --> 00:34:29,680 And the mother is now badly injured. 204 00:34:41,840 --> 00:34:46,400 Her wounds are severe and will take weeks to heal properly. 205 00:34:57,640 --> 00:35:00,720 But without food, her cubs won't survive for long. 206 00:35:16,960 --> 00:35:21,440 As the days pass, she's becoming more desperate... 207 00:35:24,680 --> 00:35:27,720 ..and leaves her cubs, to hunt alone. 208 00:36:08,160 --> 00:36:12,720 Staying low, she's nearly within pouncing distance. 209 00:36:40,280 --> 00:36:42,720 Now she MUST hold on. 210 00:36:50,600 --> 00:36:52,120 She's exhausted. 211 00:36:54,480 --> 00:36:57,720 But her hungry cubs are almost a mile away. 212 00:37:53,520 --> 00:37:58,800 This one meal will barely last the whole family for more than a few days. 213 00:38:00,680 --> 00:38:02,800 Then their mother, somehow, 214 00:38:02,800 --> 00:38:05,200 will have to summon the strength to hunt again. 215 00:38:10,840 --> 00:38:15,400 Life for a hunter in this land is as hard as it gets. 216 00:38:20,360 --> 00:38:26,560 In the heart of South America is one of the continent's hidden jewels. 217 00:38:38,040 --> 00:38:43,320 Here, at Bonito, freshwater springs bubble up from deep underground. 218 00:38:48,400 --> 00:38:52,080 Filtered through limestone, they create crystal-clear pools. 219 00:38:55,320 --> 00:38:58,600 And in them live some remarkable fish. 220 00:39:00,960 --> 00:39:03,840 Piraputanga. 221 00:39:03,840 --> 00:39:07,320 The water is so clear that they're able to see 222 00:39:07,320 --> 00:39:09,720 what is going on above its surface. 223 00:39:15,760 --> 00:39:17,880 Brown capuchins are up there. 224 00:39:23,200 --> 00:39:26,600 The monkeys are on their daily search for ripe fruit. 225 00:39:29,360 --> 00:39:31,880 The piraputanga watch them attentively. 226 00:39:34,120 --> 00:39:35,760 And with good reason. 227 00:39:36,760 --> 00:39:39,520 Monkeys aren't the neatest of feeders. 228 00:39:59,920 --> 00:40:01,920 Every scrap is fought over. 229 00:40:10,480 --> 00:40:13,320 Before long, the monkeys have had their fill. 230 00:40:15,200 --> 00:40:20,840 That might have to be the end of mealtime for the piraputanga today. 231 00:40:20,840 --> 00:40:23,720 But now they know where the fruit is. 232 00:40:25,320 --> 00:40:27,680 And there's still plenty left on the tree. 233 00:40:32,000 --> 00:40:35,320 In the monkeys' absence, they go for it themselves. 234 00:40:45,960 --> 00:40:49,080 Success or failure is just a matter of millimetres. 235 00:41:05,520 --> 00:41:07,760 With a split-second adjustment, 236 00:41:07,760 --> 00:41:11,640 the fish bends in midair and collect the prize. 237 00:41:36,400 --> 00:41:39,040 Where there is water, there is life... 238 00:41:41,840 --> 00:41:47,640 ..even on the world's driest inhabited continent... ..Australia. 239 00:41:56,120 --> 00:42:00,160 The grasslands support vast mobs of kangaroos. 240 00:42:09,560 --> 00:42:11,960 In its woodlands are echidnas - 241 00:42:11,960 --> 00:42:15,600 mammals that lay eggs like reptiles. 242 00:42:20,480 --> 00:42:22,720 And there is an assassin here 243 00:42:22,720 --> 00:42:24,800 that has only recently been discovered. 244 00:42:29,840 --> 00:42:32,480 A jotus - jumping spider. 245 00:42:35,200 --> 00:42:38,400 She's only five millimetres long but, nonetheless, 246 00:42:38,400 --> 00:42:42,000 she is a stealthy and ferocious hunter. 247 00:42:43,960 --> 00:42:46,880 She searches for prey among the grass stems. 248 00:43:07,240 --> 00:43:11,040 She's single-minded and focused on hunting. 249 00:43:18,560 --> 00:43:21,000 But today might be different. 250 00:43:25,760 --> 00:43:27,520 This is something new. 251 00:43:28,800 --> 00:43:30,360 Something fast. 252 00:43:33,400 --> 00:43:35,200 And a little trickier. 253 00:43:41,960 --> 00:43:43,640 But what is it? 254 00:43:43,640 --> 00:43:45,040 Is it food? 255 00:44:04,720 --> 00:44:08,960 It's a male jotus, looking for a mate. 256 00:44:14,520 --> 00:44:16,800 He needs to catch her attention. 257 00:44:18,240 --> 00:44:21,960 But female jotus only mate once - 258 00:44:21,960 --> 00:44:25,000 if she's mated before, she might kill him. 259 00:44:28,960 --> 00:44:31,240 He will need to seduce her with care. 260 00:44:36,160 --> 00:44:39,600 Waving his arms makes his intentions clear - 261 00:44:39,600 --> 00:44:41,680 he's a friend, not food. 262 00:44:46,040 --> 00:44:47,800 No sign of an attack, yet. 263 00:44:54,240 --> 00:44:56,880 But she doesn't seem particularly impressed. 264 00:45:02,760 --> 00:45:04,760 Time to try his best move... 265 00:45:06,040 --> 00:45:07,640 ..the double paddle. 266 00:45:08,680 --> 00:45:10,720 That surely will do the trick. 267 00:45:28,960 --> 00:45:30,800 One final wave... 268 00:45:39,960 --> 00:45:41,680 ..and he's tamed her. 269 00:45:41,680 --> 00:45:44,640 She stays still for just long enough. 270 00:46:04,160 --> 00:46:08,200 And then he retreats quickly, before she has second thoughts. 271 00:46:18,120 --> 00:46:22,120 At the far south of our planet lies Antarctica... 272 00:46:24,040 --> 00:46:28,720 ..the most remote and least-known of all the continents. 273 00:46:29,720 --> 00:46:34,480 It was first sighted by humans just 200 years ago. 274 00:46:37,680 --> 00:46:43,120 It's the coldest, driest, windiest and most hostile of all. 275 00:46:45,760 --> 00:46:49,840 Nowhere in Antarctica is survival easy. 276 00:46:52,080 --> 00:46:58,240 Gentoo penguins travel up to 50 miles every day to find food. 277 00:46:58,240 --> 00:47:01,000 And they're now returning to their chicks. 278 00:47:03,000 --> 00:47:08,520 They are the fastest penguin in the sea and can swim at 22mph. 279 00:47:15,480 --> 00:47:17,720 An express delivery for hungry chicks 280 00:47:17,720 --> 00:47:20,920 who've been waiting patiently back at the colony. 281 00:47:26,600 --> 00:47:30,080 Today, it's been a good hunt for krill. 282 00:47:33,320 --> 00:47:35,720 Perhaps too good. 283 00:47:38,440 --> 00:47:44,440 The chicks grow and it seems that the Mohawk style is back in fashion. 284 00:47:46,760 --> 00:47:48,960 It's just a phase. 285 00:47:48,960 --> 00:47:50,960 He'll grow out of it. 286 00:47:53,840 --> 00:47:56,880 He'll soon lose these remaining down feathers 287 00:47:56,880 --> 00:47:58,880 and be ready to leave the colony 288 00:47:58,880 --> 00:48:00,920 and collect food for himself. 289 00:48:02,000 --> 00:48:07,280 But doing so is becoming harder because of climate change. 290 00:48:13,920 --> 00:48:17,120 Glaciers in the region are now calving faster 291 00:48:17,120 --> 00:48:20,440 than they have done since records began. 292 00:48:27,360 --> 00:48:30,960 And this brash ice now fills the bays. 293 00:48:41,640 --> 00:48:43,720 It's autumn. 294 00:48:45,920 --> 00:48:50,280 The chicks have lost their down feathers and they're hungry. 295 00:48:51,640 --> 00:48:55,080 They must go to sea for the first time. 296 00:48:58,520 --> 00:49:02,680 But now there's a risk of being crushed between blocks of ice. 297 00:49:08,680 --> 00:49:11,760 They have to get to the distant icebergs... 298 00:49:14,520 --> 00:49:18,120 ..and so reach the open ocean that lies beyond. 299 00:49:21,760 --> 00:49:24,680 And that is easier said than done. 300 00:49:34,160 --> 00:49:36,400 A leopard seal... 301 00:49:37,840 --> 00:49:40,000 ..their main predator. 302 00:49:41,280 --> 00:49:44,200 It's a giant - three metres long. 303 00:49:46,560 --> 00:49:50,480 These icy conditions help it to hunt. 304 00:49:58,840 --> 00:50:02,200 The penguins can neither walk nor swim. 305 00:50:53,400 --> 00:50:56,360 These are easy pickings. 306 00:51:08,200 --> 00:51:10,240 But there is no alternative. 307 00:51:10,240 --> 00:51:12,880 The penguins must run the gauntlet. 308 00:51:36,800 --> 00:51:40,600 The seal seems to be toying with this penguin. 309 00:51:43,760 --> 00:51:46,520 But safety is in sight. 310 00:52:03,240 --> 00:52:06,120 The ice floe is near the open ocean. 311 00:52:09,880 --> 00:52:12,600 But this penguin is exhausted. 312 00:52:52,440 --> 00:52:55,480 Perhaps it's not worth it, after all. 313 00:53:23,280 --> 00:53:27,720 90% of the world's ice lies in Antarctica 314 00:53:27,720 --> 00:53:30,600 and, in some parts, the rate at which it's melting 315 00:53:30,600 --> 00:53:33,040 is doubling every decade. 316 00:53:36,680 --> 00:53:41,400 Climate change is affecting weather patterns around the world. 317 00:53:42,520 --> 00:53:45,240 Rainfall is increasingly unpredictable. 318 00:53:46,640 --> 00:53:49,960 Average temperatures are soaring. 319 00:53:55,600 --> 00:54:01,680 Today, scientists tell us that we are at the start of a mass extinction, 320 00:54:01,680 --> 00:54:05,560 and one that is being caused by human activity. 321 00:54:13,640 --> 00:54:17,720 Over a million species could be wiped out, 322 00:54:17,720 --> 00:54:20,560 many within the next few decades. 323 00:54:27,920 --> 00:54:33,360 In Africa, the northern white rhinoceros is now facing extinction. 324 00:54:36,920 --> 00:54:39,680 Killed by poachers for its horn 325 00:54:39,680 --> 00:54:42,280 for use in traditional medicine. 326 00:54:53,680 --> 00:54:57,080 These two females are the last of their kind. 327 00:54:58,840 --> 00:55:00,600 When they die, 328 00:55:00,600 --> 00:55:09,120 an entire subspecies that inhabited the Earth for millions of years will have disappeared forever. 329 00:55:22,040 --> 00:55:28,200 But, with help, even the most vulnerable wildlife populations can still recover. 330 00:55:36,080 --> 00:55:41,560 In Africa, an intensive conservation programme for the mountain gorilla 331 00:55:41,560 --> 00:55:47,600 has raised their numbers above 1,000 for the first time since records began. 332 00:56:00,520 --> 00:56:04,040 In Europe, thanks to conservation efforts, 333 00:56:04,040 --> 00:56:07,400 the numbers of Iberian lynx are on the rise. 334 00:56:11,040 --> 00:56:14,120 And it's no longer critically endangered. 335 00:56:23,200 --> 00:56:29,760 And in Antarctica, the international ban on whaling has meant that the great whales 336 00:56:29,760 --> 00:56:34,520 have returned to the Southern Ocean in numbers not seen for a century. 337 00:56:38,680 --> 00:56:40,560 So we can improve things... 338 00:56:42,680 --> 00:56:45,200 ..if we determine to do so. 339 00:56:49,800 --> 00:56:53,400 This is a crucial moment in time. 340 00:56:53,400 --> 00:56:55,760 The decisions we take now 341 00:56:55,760 --> 00:57:00,760 will influence the future of animals, humanity, 342 00:57:00,760 --> 00:57:04,520 and indeed all life on Earth. 27720

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