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Jupiter, the most extreme planet in the solar system.

If you were looking for a planet that is completely different than the Earth,

Jupiter is where you're going to go.

Jupiter is a turbulent world of monster magnetic fields and endless

megastorms. Jupiter has storms so large they could eat the Earth whole.

Generations of astronomers have tried to solve the mysteries of Jupiter.

Finally, NASA's Juno probe is revealing new evidence that unlocks why this

planet is so savage.

With Juno, we're able to see Jupiter from the inside out.

Jupiter turned out to be nothing like what we expected.

What mysterious energy drives Jupiter's eternal storms?

And what powers the biggest magnetic field of any planet in the solar system?

We plunge into Jupiter's atmosphere.

and reach deep into its core to reveal how it grew into the solar system's

fiercest planet and investigate whether this alien mega-world unlocks the

origins of life on Earth.

One planet in our solar system dwarfs all the rest.

Jupiter.

Made almost entirely of hydrogen and helium, Jupiter is 1,300 times more

massive than Earth.

When it comes to the planets in our solar system, really the story is all

about Jupiter.

Add up all the masses, 70% is in that one planet alone.

Jupiter is the big daddy among the planets. It is this huge... It dominates

the other planets in the solar system.

Jupiter is so big and significant that if all the other planets were removed

from the solar system, the solar system wouldn't even notice.

Jupiter isn't just big.

It is also extreme.

Jupiter has a magnetic field so powerful that it tears away charged particles

from its moons to make supersized aurorae at the poles.

The temperature at the center of the planet is 23,000 degrees Celsius.

That's hotter than the surface of the Sun.

Astronomers have studied Jupiter for centuries, but its biggest mysteries

still confound them.

Why is Jupiter so extreme?

What are the hidden processes that drive the planet's ferocity?

3, 2, 1, ignition and liftoff of the Atlas

V with Juno on a trek to Jupiter.

In 2011, NASA launches Mission Juno to unlock these mysteries.

The Juno probe carries a suite of super advanced instruments, a particle

detector, infrared and ultraviolet imaging, and a magnetometer to

peer deeper into Jupiter than ever before.

You can only learn so much about a planet by looking at it through a

telescope. Sometimes you just have to go there.

And so Juno is a payload of some of the most advanced instrumentation that we've

ever sent into the void of space.

And it took this epic journey to Jupiter, this incredibly distant planet.

Juno arrives at Jupiter in 2016.

The probe's onboard camera beams back to Earth spectacular images of the surface

of this mega planet.

Juno gets so close and sees it in such detail that I've seen images of this

planet that I didn't even recognize as being Jupiter.

The color palette of Jupiter is beyond belief.

All of these oranges and reds and deep browns and yellows.

I have to sometimes remind myself that I'm looking at a planet because it's

just so beautiful.

I've never seen astronomical images like these before.

These swirling bands look tranquil from orbit, but it's a different story up

close.

These bands are actually giant storms. They're jet streams, many times faster

than the jet streams on Earth.

And not only that, they're going in different directions. One cloud band

going against the other one. The turbulence that's created is absolutely

spectacular.

The wind speeds inside these bands reach 600 kilometers an hour.

Winds this strong twist the gas into super cyclones.

The largest of Jupiter's storms is the famous Great Red Spot.

But a riddle remains for Juno to solve.

What powers the planet's mega winds and super storms?

Astronomers believe that measuring the depth of the storm bands on Jupiter

could reveal the source of the mysterious energy that drives them.

The Sun powers the weather here on Earth.

Its radiation penetrates the Earth's atmosphere and heats the surface of our

planet.

It is this heat that drives the range of weather we experience.

Traditional telescopes cannot see through the colorful swirling bands

wrapped around Jupiter.

So astronomers cannot tell exactly what source of energy drives Jupiter's

extreme weather.

Juno uses Jupiter's own gravity to measure exactly how far the storm bands

reach into the gas giant.

The density of the storm bands affects Jupiter's gravity.

This gravity changes Juno's velocity as it passes over the planet.

Denser areas with stronger gravity pull the probe inwards.

Areas of weaker gravity release it outwards.

By plotting the shifts in Juno's orbit, scientists build up a super accurate

density map of Jupiter.

Scientists can gauge the true size of the storms raging through the planet's

atmosphere by measuring Juno's speed.

As Juno moves around Jupiter, we can measure tiny changes in its velocity.

And those depend on changes of the mass of the planet underneath it.

So by measuring the speed of Juno as it travels, we're actually seeing the

different masses of the different storm bands on Jupiter.

The more massive a storm band is, the deeper it extends into Jupiter.

The measurements that Juno takes reveal that these bands reach 3,000 kilometers

into the planet.

What Juno is showing us is that these things go very, very deep.

Surprisingly deep.

The huge depth of the storm bands is an important clue in solving the mystery of

what drives the extreme weather on Jupiter.

Here on Earth, the weather is controlled by energy from the sun. That's what

powers it.

Jupiter is five times farther away from the Sun than the Earth is and his

atmosphere is super thick So it can't be energy from the Sun that's powering all

these storms This means that there is just one possibility for where the

energy that drives Jupiter's extreme weather comes from

The immense energy that has to be powering these incredible storms can't

be coming from outside Jupiter.

It has to be coming from within it. So what could that energy source be?

Researchers in Marseille, France, run innovative laboratory experiments to

find out.

This tank holds 600 liters of water and tens of thousands of fluorescent plastic

beads.

These beads represent the gas in Jupiter's thick atmosphere.

The researchers spin the tank to mimic Jupiter's rotation.

Powerful pumps at the bottom of the tank blast the water.

This simulates the energy that radiates from inside Jupiter.

A camera tracks the precise movement of the beads.

The beads arrange into alternately spinning bands.

And these bands are very deep, just like the real storm bands on Jupiter.

The researchers believe these results show that a huge concentration of heat

energy inside Jupiter could be what's driving the planet's extreme weather.

Astronomers think that the way Jupiter forms four and a half billion years ago

unlocks why the planet is so hot.

A disk of gas and dust surrounds the newborn Sun in the early solar system.

This is where protoplanets form.

Gravity brings together vast amounts of matter to form the core of a proto

-Jupiter.

The young planet captures vast amounts of hydrogen and helium gas.

This cranks up the pressure inside it.

The weight of the gas pushes Jupiter's inner pressure to over 20 million times

that of a car tire.

This pressure superheats the planet's core.

Astronomers believe this supersized hot core unlocks the mystery of why the

weather on Jupiter is so extreme.

Reaching deep inside Jupiter reveals how the planet's superheated center drives

its violent weather.

In the core, temperatures reach 23,000 degrees Celsius.

That's hotter than the surface of the Sun.

The heat radiates to Jupiter's outer layers in vast convection currents.

These warm the atmosphere from the inside out.

They drive roaring winds in the cloud tops and create Jupiter's iconic

storm bands.

The interior of Jupiter is very hot. This is actually heat left over from its

formation 4.6 billion years ago.

Because Jupiter is the most massive, the biggest planet in the solar system, it

has the most amount of heat available to power these gigantic storms.

Juno helps to unlock the mystery of what powers the largest storms in the solar

system.

But Jupiter has more puzzles for Juno to solve.

What twists Jupiter's magnetic field into shapes that appear to defy physics?

How can the discovery of what lies at the center of Jupiter reveal a

previously unknown chapter in the mega planet's history?

Jupiter is the biggest and most extreme world in our solar system.

This mega planet poses supersized mysteries for astronomers to solve.

NASA's pioneering Juno probe carries a special infrared camera.

It sees parts of Jupiter that are invisible to other types of camera.

It captures this mysterious image.

The picture shows a huge aurora at Jupiter's south pole.

It is larger than the size of the Earth.

We knew Jupiter had aurorae. We've seen these using Hubble.

What Juno showed us is the size and scale and power of Jupiter's aurora.

They are far larger and far more powerful, far brighter than anything

we've ever seen on Earth.

Aurorae occur on Earth when charged particles from the Sun slam into our

planet's magnetic field.

Some of these charged particles, called ions, funnel down towards the Earth's

north and south poles.

The result is a spectacular light show like the aurora borealis.

The Sun is too far away from Jupiter for its ions to create the aurorae that Juno

sees.

Instead, the ions come from Jupiter's fiery moon, Io.

Io is the most volcanic body in the solar system.

And it's also a small body, so when it erupts, not all the volcanic material

falls back on Io.

Some of it goes into orbit around Jupiter, and some of it actually follows

Jupiter's magnetic field lines and collides with Jupiter's atmosphere at

the poles, causing aurora.

Jupiter's supersized aurorae means that the planet must have a supersized

magnetic field.

And this creates a big mystery for planetary scientists to solve.

Planets like Earth have a churning ball of molten metal at their core.

This moving liquid metal acts like a dynamo.

It generates a magnetic field that stretches out into space.

Jupiter is a gas giant made almost entirely from hydrogen.

Scientists believe that it contains no vast reservoir of liquid metal.

So, what inside Jupiter creates the planet's mega magnetic field?

Scientists at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory believe that the

huge pressure deep inside Jupiter unlocks the mystery.

Here they use powerful lasers to simulate how this pressure changes gases

into weird new states of matter.

The scientists trap a sample of hydrogen in a chamber and then focus their

lasers onto it.

This creates shock waves that for a few billiards of a second simulate the

extreme pressure inside Jupiter The atoms in the hydrogen

are squeezed together so tightly that its properties change beyond recognition

The hydrogen transforms from a clear gas

into a substance that reflects light a telltale sign that it now behaves like a

metal.

Scientists believe that a similar super-pressurized form of hydrogen

exists inside Jupiter.

In the interior of Jupiter, there are incredible forces pressing everything

together. So in the case of all those hydrogen atoms, they're crushed so close

together, they begin to share electrons.

That's the definition of a metallic bond, and that means it can conduct

electricity.

This weird type of metallic hydrogen solves the mystery of what generates the

planet's supersized magnetic field.

Materials that conduct electricity can generate magnetic fields, and Jupiter's

massive size means that it could contain a vast reservoir of this bizarre form of

hydrogen.

Deep inside Jupiter lies an ocean of shiny metallic hydrogen.

This form of hydrogen might make up as much as 50% of Jupiter's mass.

The planet's rotation spins the metallic hydrogen.

This movement creates electric currents and a dynamo that generates the largest

planetary magnetic field in the solar system.

The magnetic field is so large that it envelops Jupiter's moons.

It pulls charged particles from these moons to Jupiter's poles.

These particles slam into the planet to create Jupiter's spectacular aurorae.

Jupiter's super powerful magnetic field creates one of the most stunning light

displays in the solar system.

But it is also one of the biggest threats to the Juno mission.

The same high-energy particles that slam into Jupiter's atmosphere to create

aurorae also bombard the spacecraft.

This radiation can fry Juno's vital electronics.

There are some environments in the solar system that are incredibly difficult to

study. Aside from the Sun, Jupiter is probably the second most dangerous place

to be. There are these ionized particles flying at you, just making your

electronics go crazy all the time.

Long before Juno blasts off, NASA engineers know how punishing a trip to

Jupiter will be for the probe.

They build Juno tough enough to survive this extreme environment.

They fit two copies of crucial electronic components to the craft in

case one is damaged.

But shielding Juno's most sensitive instruments from radiation requires a

more heavy duty solution.

To protect itself from Jupiter's intense radiation, Juno is built like a tank.

All of the sensitive instruments are located inside of a titanium shell about

the size of a kitchen stove.

Juno's titanium armor protects it against ions and radiation and makes

sure that the probe continues to operate in one of the most inhospitable parts of

the solar system.

Juno carries a magnetometer as part of its suite of supersensitive instruments.

The magnetometer creates the first detailed map of Jupiter's massive

magnetic field.

This data reveals something extraordinary.

Jupiter's supersized magnetic field is a mess.

We've known for a while that Jupiter has a tremendously strong magnetic field,

but until Juno got closer, we had no idea how chaotic it is.

Juno shows that Jupiter's magnetic field points outwards from the planet's north

pole and inwards to its south pole.

But a portion of its magnetic field rejoins Jupiter at a circular spot close

to the giant planet's equator.

It looks like Jupiter has not two poles, but three.

Imagine going camping on Jupiter.

How could you use a compass to get around when there's three poles?

It just doesn't work.

What mysterious process going on inside Jupiter creates this weird anomaly?

The supersensitive instruments on board Juno reveal a clue.

They show that many of the largest, most violent storms on Jupiter are near the

planet's equator.

Juno has revealed to us that Jupiter has many, many storms going on at all times.

The most famous of which is the Great Red Spot, which has lasted for

centuries.

Jupiter's surface spins fastest at the equator.

Juno measures wind speeds in some equatorial storms in excess of 500

kilometers per hour.

Scientists believe that the winds inside these mega storms unlock the mystery of

what produces Jupiter's weird magnetic field.

3,000 kilometers beneath the surface of Jupiter, is an ocean of metallic

hydrogen.

The winds raging across its surface are so powerful that they create fast-moving

currents in the liquid metal.

These currents upset the balance of Jupiter's dynamo.

They shift and shear the giant planet's mega magnetic field.

and create a third magnetic pole near the equator.

Only on a planet so weird could superfast winds change a magnetic field

the size of the Sun.

Every planet's magnetic field is a little strange. They all have their

little quirks. But nothing like this has ever been seen.

The data from Juno unlocks the mystery of Jupiter's weird shape-shifting

magnetic field.

Now the probe turns to solving more of the mega-planet's mysteries.

Why is the center of Jupiter a jumbled mix of gas and rock?

And how does it unlock the birth of the largest planet in the solar system?

Jupiter is the largest and most extreme planet in the solar system.

NASA's Juno probe is on a mission to unlock its secrets.

Juno's next objective is to reveal for the first time what lies at the center

of Jupiter.

Astronomers believe that a picture of what is happening at the heart of the

planet will solve one of its biggest mysteries.

How was Jupiter born?

We really don't understand how gas giants like Jupiter formed.

That is one of the prime mysteries that Juno is designed to help solve.

Solving this puzzle rests on astronomers finding out if Jupiter has a core made

from rock or a core made from gas.

If the core is rocky, then that means that it formed like the other planets in

the inner solar system formed, planets like Earth.

Smaller objects collided together and stuck together until you built up a

planetary-sized body.

A core made from gas will tell an entirely different story of Jupiter's

creation.

It will be evidence that Jupiter was born through the collapse of a giant

cloud of gas and dust in the early solar system.

In that case, there really wouldn't be anything solid in the core at all. It'd

be more like the Sun.

So the core was a big deal. What was the core like?

Was it going to be solid? Was it going to be gaseous?

Instruments on board Juno measure the shape and size of Jupiter's magnetic and

gravitational fields to find out.

Astronomers on Earth crunch this data to build up a detailed image of what lies

at the heart of the mega planet.

They discover that the interior of Jupiter is far stranger than anyone

could have imagined.

Jupiter's core is not exclusively rock or gas.

It's a weird mixture of both.

It seems to have a lot of rocky stuff and metal stuff, but it also has a lot

of gassy stuff.

So it's not like a distinct entity. It just sort of fades away with distance

from the center. It's really just kind of fuzzy.

Many astronomers think this new evidence indicates that Jupiter is born as a

rocky planet.

It then accumulates huge quantities of gas to grow to the size it is today.

But what causes the rock and gas inside Jupiter to mix and make a fuzzy core?

One theory is that a young Jupiter is involved in a cosmic crash We think that

there was once at least a solid massive rock and metal in the core But something

has clearly stirred it up or even destroyed it and broken it up What is

the object that crashes into Jupiter and shatters the core of this mighty planet?

Planetary scientists have a way to find out.

They build models of the early solar system inside supercomputers.

They then smash objects into virtual Jupiters to test what type of collision

produces the fuzzy core that Juno sees.

The researchers discover that just one scenario results in the weird mix of

rock and gas at the center of the mega planet.

Four and a half billion years ago, a rocky planet ten times more massive than

Earth heads straight for Jupiter.

The planet collides head-on.

It plows through the atmosphere towards the heart of Jupiter and

smashes the rocky core at the center of the gas giant into billions of pieces.

These fragments mix with the surrounding metallic hydrogen to make the weird

fuzzy core that Juno detects.

So the most likely culprit is a direct collision with Jupiter. Some other

planet carrying an enormous amount of energy strikes the core of Jupiter like

a bullet and injects that energy into the core of the planet itself.

It deposits that energy and breaks up the core, and that might be causing the

so-called fuzziness that we see in the data.

The theory works inside a computer simulation.

But how is it possible in reality for Jupiter to collide with another planet?

The answer could lie with alien worlds light years away from Earth.

Astronomers call them exoplanets.

Telescopes on Earth scan the cosmos.

They measure the dips in the light that come from distant stars.

These dips are the telltale sign that an exoplanet is in orbit around the star.

Once per orbit, the planet passes directly between us and the star,

creating a mini eclipse, blocking a tiny fraction of the starlight, creating that

little dip.

In 2017, astronomers discover a super strange exoplanet orbiting the star KELT

-9, 670 light years away from Earth.

There was something truly extraordinary about the star KELT-9.

KELT-9 had a dip in brightness every one and a half days.

There was a planet close enough to the star it went around every one and a half

days. Not only that, it was a giant planet, over two times the mass of

Jupiter.

Astronomers name this weird world KELT-9b.

KELT-9b is a gas giant like Jupiter, but it is 11 times closer to its star than

Mercury is to our Sun.

Astronomers call these types of planet hot Jupiters.

KELT-9b is a super extreme planet.

This is one of the hottest exoplanets that we've ever found. The atmosphere of

that planet is hotter than the surface of most stars.

Measurements from the Spitzer Space Telescope reveal that this extreme heat

is ripping apart KELT-9b.

The heat from its star is blowing its atmosphere away like a comet.

It's losing its atmosphere over time, which means that eventually it's all

going to go away.

And at some point in the future, all that's going to be left is whatever core

this planet has.

KELT-9b and other hot Jupiters.

are enigmas.

The science says that these huge planets can't form this close to a star.

To form a gas giant like Jupiter, you need really cold conditions far from the

host star, where icy materials can glue themselves together and accrete gas as

the planet grows.

So when we see these really hot Jupiters really, really close to the stars that

they're orbiting, we know they can't have formed there.

KELP-9b must have moved towards its star after it forms in a colder region of

space.

Astronomers believe that this characteristic of hot Jupiters unlocks

the mystery of how our Jupiter collides with another planet.

4.5 billion years ago, Jupiter forms in a disk of gas and dust that surrounds

the newborn Sun.

It forms early in a solar system that is a mess of rocks and planetary embryos.

The gravity of the disk itself gradually, over a few million years,

pulls Jupiter towards the Sun.

Jupiter advances towards its star with every new orbit.

As it moves inwards, Jupiter is a wrecking ball for everything in its

path.

When you look at the wonderfully stable solar system that we see today, it's

almost impossible to imagine how violent and dramatic it was in the beginning.

At this time, there were collisions left, right, and center. The solar

system was very much a work in progress.

Jupiter is on the fast track to becoming a hot Jupiter.

One theory is that another planet comes to the rescue.

So it seems now as if our solar system was headed towards some kind of

unsalvageable disaster.

Jupiter moving closer and closer in, disrupting orbits of planets as it went.

Farther out in the disk, more giant planets began to form. And specifically

Saturn, every time it orbited around, it gave Jupiter a little gravitational tug

back into the outer parts of the solar system.

The Jupiter that we have today, almost didn't exist.

But luckily for it, Saturn formed close enough to it and its gravitational

attraction slowed it down. So it saved it from the fate of moving in closer to

the sun than Mercury even is and then getting boiled away.

Many astronomers believe that Jupiter's journey towards and then away from the

sun stirs up the protoplanets in our solar system.

Some of them change places and switch orbits.

The mayhem that Jupiter unleashes could explain how one such planet ends up on a

collision course with the gas giant Our early solar system was a chaotic and

messy place and Jupiter moving through it was a really big target So there's a

surprisingly high chance for Jupiter in the early solar system to collide with a

massive body

Data from Juno unlocks the mysteries of Jupiter's early history.

Scientists now think that Jupiter's migration is a defining event for our

solar system.

When you have a planet as massive as Jupiter moving through our early solar

system, it's going to have some wild effects.

How does Jupiter's journey shape the solar system that we know today?

And how does it lay the groundwork for life to thrive on Earth?

Jupiter is the largest and most powerful planet in the solar system.

NASA's Juno probe is on a mission to unlock Jupiter's deepest secrets.

Juno has done an incredible job observing Jupiter and has confirmed a

lot about what we thought we knew about Jupiter.

But it's also shown us that for a lot of stuff, we were also wrong.

Today, astronomers combine Juno's findings...

with data from other scientific investigations to reveal Jupiter's role

in forging our solar system.

Jupiter is the largest, the most massive planet in the solar system.

Clearly, it has profoundly affected everything else around it. The mystery

is how, in detail, specifically, what did it do?

A fuzzy core is evidence that Jupiter collides with a giant planet during an

epic migration across the solar system.

The gravity of Saturn pulls Jupiter back and saves the mega planet from becoming

a hot Jupiter.

Scientists think that this journey might unlock one of Earth's biggest mysteries.

How did oceans form on our planet?

Water is essential for all life on Earth. It covers 70% of our planet's

surface. And yet, it actually has no business being here.

The young Earth is born dry around 4.5 billion years ago.

Its close proximity to the Sun means that lighter ingredients like water

evaporate into space.

If the Earth formed in its present location in the solar system, it was way

too hot for all of this water to actually be part of the original planet.

It had to come from somewhere else.

Astronomers think that the source of water on Earth lies in a frozen region

of space further away from the Sun.

When the Sun ignites, its heat creates a water-free zone around it.

The Earth forms dry in this barren region of space.

Further out, near Jupiter, orbit millions of asteroids.

Here it is cold enough for water to exist as ice.

Water freezes inside the asteroids.

They smash together to make bigger space rocks that contain vast amounts of

water.

enough to fill entire oceans if they were to hit Earth.

But what sends them flying through space towards our planet?

A clue is locked inside meteorites.

Meteorites are fragments of larger asteroids in space that break away and

fall to Earth.

The tiny grains of dust inside meteorites tell astronomers where in the

solar system their parent asteroids are born.

Scientists have known for a while there were two different types of meteorites,

two families that had to form in different parts of the solar system.

Some meteorites are very rich in minerals that contain water.

Others are much more dry.

Astronomers find both wet and dry meteorites on Earth.

If these two types of space rocks form inside asteroids in different areas of

the solar system, then it is evidence that something in the past jumbles them

together.

There is some event that has mixed things up in the solar system.

Given how large our solar system is and how many space rocks there are, the

scale of this event must have been pretty large.

Scientists believe that only one object in the solar system is powerful enough

to mix together entire asteroid fields.

Jupiter.

As Jupiter migrated, objects were thrown to higher orbits, lower orbits, into the

sun, out of the solar system. It really mixed things up.

Around four and a half billion years ago, Jupiter is on its return journey

away from the sun.

The planet passes through separate regions of dry and wet asteroids.

Jupiter's huge gravity flings these space rocks across the solar system.

The mix of asteroids bombard the young Earth.

It's possible that these frozen rocks bring with them the water that forms our

planet's oceans.

There was a time in the history of Earth when millions upon millions of asteroids

rained down on the surface.

Before, we didn't really understand why that would have happened.

Now, we look back to Jupiter and think that maybe Jupiter is responsible.

Scientists think it is possible that the asteroids that Jupiter flings at Earth

bring more than just water.

In 2015, NASA's New Horizons probe visits a strange body way out in the

farthest reaches of our solar system.

The cameras on the probe send back photos of Arrokoth, a misshapen object

in the Kuiper Belt, a ring of billions of space rocks beyond the orbit of

Neptune.

Some of the images reveal that a strange red tar-like substance covers parts of

the surface of the frozen object.

Analysis reveals that these red areas contain organic chemistry.

These chemicals are the raw materials for making amino acids, the building

blocks of DNA.

Some scientists think that the frozen water locked inside the asteroids that

bombard the young Earth contain these seeds of life.

Given all that Jupiter did to the solar system and its destructive power, it's

quite a surprise to find that it may be what delivered the goods to Earth that

were necessary for life to get started on our planet.

NASA's Juno probe is unlocking the mysteries of the largest and most

extreme planet in the solar system.

The mission reveals that Jupiter is more alien and more powerful than astronomers

ever thought possible.

And that this gas mega-planet plays a leading role in shaping the solar system

we see today.

We knew that Jupiter is weird.

What Juno is showing us is how weird it is.

We always knew that Jupiter was extreme.

But now with Juno flying above its beautiful clouds and peering deep into

its heart, we have an idea of what makes this guy tick.

Jupiter used to be just an interesting, beautiful, giant planet in the outer

solar system.

Now we understand that it might have influenced the beginning of life on

Earth.

From its supermassive, ever-changing magnetic field, to its powerful

megastorms that reach deep into the atmosphere, and its fuzzy core, the echo

of an ancient collision with a giant planet.

Thanks to Juno, Jupiter is finally...

Giving up its secrets.