Original subtitles

They're coming, they're coming,

the executioner is coming! He'll be tortured

and put to death.

Yeah, who is it?

Well we're finally gonna find out.

They're building right over there, in front of the church.

- Girls, girls, an execution. - An execution?

Yes, stupid, what do you think a scaffold's for?

It gives me the shivers.

You've seen one, you've seen them all,

I wonder what this one is.

It's for cenci.

All right, get a move on.

We haven't got all day.

Hey watch out, you want to smash my toes?

I never saw anybody who loved this job like you.

Three, four,

seven,

eight, nine.

Why don't they just leave it up?

10!

I've been told it's for the cenci.

They're going to execute at least two, three.

They say it's for the cenci.

Yep, all of them on the same scaffold,

giacomo, the stepmother, and Beatrice.

The stepmother and Beatrice?

That's not all, the young Bernardo

has to sit there and watch.

The sentence has been pronounced.

The fair maiden Beatrice, her good stepmother lucrezia,

the brother giacomo are to lose their heads

in the square of castel sant'Angelo in Rome.

The young brother, Bernardo,

will undergo another form of punishment.

Two are imprisoned at the dungeon of torre di nona,

and the two at the dungeon of corte sevilla.

The pronouncement has been forwarded in writing

to the counsel for the defense, prospero farinacci,

who reads it to his fellow jurists.

So Bernardo has to sit on the

platform for the sole purpose of watching the others die.

Then he will be sent to prison for a year

and serve afterwards as a galley slave

for the remainder of his life.

Is this really mercy?

I'm sure he'd be better off in hell.

Imagine a life of slavery.

Colleagues do I have to point out that justice

is not always what we would wish it to be?

Farinacci would you continue to read the sentence please?

Is that really necessary?

We know what fate awaits these prisoners.

Their possessions are totally confiscated.

All their possessions,

and property,

everything they owned in Rome and in the mountains.

Everything.

Everything of value will go to the apostolic chambers.

Over half a million scudi.

No, no.

No.

No, no.

No, no.

No!

I understand.

The execution is set for tomorrow at dawn.

Your stepmother lucrezia, and your sister

Beatrice will be decapitated.

You will be exposed to the public which cries out

for justice in heavy iron chains.

You will then be quartered limb by limb

in full view of the people of Rome!

Oh wretched woman,

put your lips to this holy image.

Your suffering is naught compared to that

of our lord, who was crucified.

Pray for the intercession of Saint Paul,

who was beheaded, as you shall be.

Beseech god to Grant thee pardon for thy sins.

How dare you feign to pray with such complacency,

you who have committed the blackest sin of all?

Your demeanor shows no sign of true devotion.

Therefore, you shall be damned to hell's fire.

Are you not here to give comfort brothers?

We are not here to comfort you,

but to save your soul from Satan.

God cannot absolve you of parasite

as long as repentance has not purged your soul.

You have murdered your father, and in this you rejoice!

You shall suffer eternal damnation.

Ciero depante shouldn't have let himself be caught.

Ciero depante is in the service of francesco cenci.

Are you sure about that?

He's the one who burned it down, they saw him too.

I tell you I swear it.

Francesco cenci ordered him to.

Old cenci abducted his daughter

when she was only 14 years old.

But thomasso and a few others

went to the castle and freed her.

Old man cenci had to release her.

But he swore sooner or later the family would pay dearly.

Seems very uncommon of him to wait.

Had to, because the mother used his connections

with prince colonna, who promised him protection.

That's why francesco cenci held back.

And now, will he go to prison?

It's not your concern, carry on.

If I were as cruel as they say,

I'd let him lie there and bleed.

But I have pity for him.

The dagger.

The dagger.

A guard at every exit, search all the rooms.

Excellency.

Where is Don francesco?

We're never told where the master travels.

Pray we don't have to send you to the gallows.

Police in the cenci castle?

What special event brings you here?

It's only for the arrest of your

revered master, Don francesco.

Are you his manservant?

Manservant, if only I were.

I'm commonly known as

his son, yes.

I'm supposed to be his eldest son.

If you're doubtful because of my clothes,

please tell my father, if you can find him.

Every citizen is required to assist justice.

As justice call, even if you're his son.

I'm no longer his son.

If you feel I have refused to assist justice because of him,

you're most mistaken.

The man's hated by everybody.

And that everybody means every one of his children

as well as she who beds with him, I'm sure you already know.

His good fortune I fear has come to an end.

He's put himself in the bad graces of our friend colonna.

If only the prince will speak of it to his holiness.

Yes, but it's useless if he gets away,

that is if he makes it to his castle.

That's part of his plan.

Because everyone forgets in time.

I'm not fond of anybody with the police,

but in this I'm willing to help you.

If you'll just take a look in roca de petrella.

We welcome you back excellency.

Thanks to god you've arrived in good health francesco.

Am I not to be thanked for being here?

Naturally.

Now you have lied, twice.

And you Beatrice, don't you greet me?

I bowed my head, it seems more appropriate

to show respect for you in silence.

Well put, as long as you continue to have respect.

That's all I ask.

Aren't you gonna greet me papa?

Enough greeting.

And you chaplain, if I don't mistake a certain

gleam in your eye, are going to ask for money

to redo the scene in the chapel.

No, Don francesco.

If you'll allow me, I'd like to inquire after your children.

Giacomo, my first son, a fine young man...

I mean Rocco and cristoforo.

Those two.

I must say, I think they're doing quite well, those two.

It's sometime since they've been able to

impose upon me for a weekly handout.

Let's pray giacomo will follow their example.

Have they returned yet from Spain?

Why ask me?

Not only has your father had to flee Rome,

he's afraid his own guards will rebel,

and put him in irons again.

Do they speak about such things in your presence?

No, they didn't know I was listening.

It'll be the end of you if they

find out you've told someone.

I did it because of you, so you'd know what to do.

Do about what?

Well you told me about a certain letter

you got your brother to deliver to the Vatican.

Suppose your father would,

suppose your father would forgive you

and try to fix things up.

Do you think he would still insist upon

going into a convent?

If he should release me.

In a convent,

I should find more peace than anywhere else in the world.

But madam,

I think

life's not only peace.

I say it's joy, and love.

Why renounce your share of these things?

I shall never forget what your friendship means to me.

You have rewarded me with your acceptance of it.

Tonight at least olimpio,

let's call things by their real names.

We can't.

Because you're a cenci, and I'm your servant.

But sometimes I show what I feel for you.

Just forgive me.

Your sisters request will be granted.

I myself delivered her supplication, his holiness,

condescended to accept.

Cardinal, you are the benefactor of our family.

So who is more indebted to you than my father?

No my child.

Forget about counting on me.

If you've been sent by your father, I'm far too busy.

I'm sorry you believe I'm incapable alone.

Francesco cenci's never trusted any

friend or person who was not in his employ.

And thanks to his avariciousness, I'm without employment.

Thanks be to god.

I'm trying to find out something,

something that everybody is talking about.

Instead of believing the evil of others,

I've tried to find out the truth.

The fact is his holiness bleeds

to hear of your father's sins.

Some say the colonna's are adding fuel to the fire.

It takes more than a colonnas to sway

the sovereign pontiff, it takes almighty god.

I admit it's true, our duty is with

a man who pushes sin beyond reason.

Yes, of course, we'll use him as an example.

Come.

The atonement required for such sins

will make him weep bitter tears.

Guards, guards you owe me loyalty!

You bunch of imbeciles.

Can't you see it's to trap us?

What did you expect us to do, run for it?

The life of a brigand is hard.

And life in prison, is that a joke?

Cowards.

Ah!

I should have known!

But why must I put up with the nephew of the pope

sticking his nose in my vineyards?

Assessing the land he says, to build himself a villa.

I curse the pontiff aldobrandino and all his relations!

It would be better to curse Satan

who put evil in your heart.

The vicar's of the church should dedicate

an altar to Satan to accommodate the priests

who feed off the fat of the land.

The property at the port of pinciana

represents one third of my possessions.

You should be thankful it's so little.

Anyway, if you'll call her,

you'll be more inclined to behave yourself.

You've not come here to convince me

about saving my soul, you won't tell me that.

5 = = =

no.

Considering your crime,

the sentence is severe to say the least,

because it's devised to hurt you

where you're the most easily hurt, your purse.

Thanks be to god we were able to show through your avarice,

we's found an effective way to make you pay

for the sins you committed.

But did I have to say that he was

much more inclined towards prison?

Towards prison.

Prison, I've been locked up twice.

It's much cheaper that way.

Yes cheaper.

Impurity comes cheaper on the base levels of justice.

But your sins so surpassed these levels

that the tribunal came up with a different conclusion.

It's only natural for you to pay

a price in keeping with honor.

If you give it a thought you will soon be aware

that one third of your property is a fair price.

Most surprised today at the hunt.

Yeah, yeah.

I think I did very well.

Yes you certainly did,

that boar wasn't an easy one to shoot.

It's not the best big game you filled

your larder with today, am I right cardinal?

I find it easy when there's game about.

It's good there is game about or I'd die of hunger.

You've so put the fear of god in my house,

I'm afraid to eat.

They say that bread in our jails is black as pitch.

Of course you're not about to compare the dungeons

of torre di nona and corte savella to the fields

and meadows of your estate here in the mountains.

Stop your fool talk, get me a safe conduct.

I can't stand this clean air.

I think the atmosphere in Rome

would be much worse for your health.

I'm exiled?

You've taken a third of my property,

and now you forced me into exile?

I won't stand for it.

So francesco as for your property,

the revenues will go into our treasury but

the public feels that you should

pay your share for their trouble.

It's a small price, a year of exile.

A small price.

Very well.

But only for a year.

His holiness's nephew needs me.

Show him where best to build his villa.

Did you keep this news for last, or is there more to come?

The vocation of Beatrice should please you,

as it pleases the sovereign pontiff.

That please you, is that a question or an order?

When expressed by his holiness the difference is small.

He gets on my nerves, your holiness.

I'm put out of my palace,

then thrown out of Rome for a year.

And now he wants to deprive me of my daughter Beatrice

just because some fool versifier

has been whispering nonsense in his ear.

Everyone wants to take advantage of her virginity,

even you have designs, something's on your mind.

Please you're offending almighty god's sense of pride.

Let him plug his ears, as you do.

You know very well that I could make you

and quite a few others unplug their ears

with all I know that goes on in and outside Rome.

So tell the pope that francesco cenci,

is and always will be his obedient servant.

So you begged permission to be put into a nunnery.

That cardinal just gave me the news.

Well my dear, I gave him my word that I'd have it done.

Goonin.

You see.

There's not much difference between this

and a cloister cell, there's no difference.

Is there?

There is no crucifix in this cell.

I'll get one.

And you'll stay here till I'm dead.

How did my master come by his death?

May god protect his soul.

He fell from the balcony onto the stone edge of the moat.

It was terrible. Did it happen at night?

Yes.

You arrived in time for the funeral.

Quite a fall, enough to kill even a cenci.

When was it?

The other night.

Some say he must have drunk a lot.

The wood must have been rotten.

Guess he must have leaned against it.

Looks like it could be rotten wood.

Well, that's not rotten.

Probably not really rotten but just too old.

I'm sure it was also a very cheap wood,

knowing how he's saved.

Sure.

Hey hey, no, no!

Catalano, it's olimpio, do you hear?

Wake up!

Catalano wake up!

Who are you?

Now do you recognize me?

It's me olimpio.

Let's get out of here.

I've got to get something on, hurry.

Please will you listen?

Gasparro returned.

He inspected the railing well.

He suspected something it's clear.

He departed for Rome right away, we're worried.

By what road?

I said to Rome.

That is not for me, too many police in those parts.

Excellencies I do need to attend my grate,

for if the fire goes out, I'll surely freeze.

The cenci's, I've implied, had to have arrived

in the vicinity of the last week of October from petrella.

Master, francesco, died somewhere around

the middle of September, just time enough to move away.

All this is quite clear in the letter.

May I have a look?

Yes, but I read you most of the contents.

I know but it's to have an idea of the handwriting.

You're to find criminals,

to prove their guilt, not to denounce accusers.

I know excellencies, I know.

But if I should find the accuser

bears a grudge against the cenci widow and children...

One doesn't have to be an enemy of

the cenci widow and children to be a friend of justice.

Quite true, quite true.

Only an accuser doesn't announce

secretly without a good reason.

We've got a piece of writing here that suggests that,

from what little I know, belongs to a man of good education.

I think we'll find more important evidence at petrella.

Oh it's true, no doubt of it, it's true.

I'll have to go down there.

It's awful cold.

Brigands,

they'll be very costly.

I suggest you prepare to go.

Yes your excellencies.

Only to prepare is not so easy.

In the apennines, there's lots of show November.

I suffer terribly from the cold.

Very well prepare what you have to.

But try not to take all winter will you?

Excellencies.

I should have preferred to have entrusted this

to a man of more solid stuff.

You don't know him dear colleague.

Just let him carry on his own way.

What fools to come all this way in this cold.

There's the sheet that was half washed,

still red with blood.

It was Beatrice who gave it to be washed.

No one told you about that?

No, no one.

Of course, you know as inspector,

no one ever talks to me personally.

One tends to talk more openly to any other official,

even to a passerby, a water vendor,

coal miner, man on the street.

If something bothers them, they tell everything.

That's why I know I don't have to be present personally

to find out what the gossips will tell me.

You can find out anything from the coal miner,

or the man in the street, the water vendor.

Am I not right?

Pursuing an investigation thus allows me to find out a lot.

Then you know a lot more than me, don't you inspector?

I know nothing.

No no, that's not true.

I feel convinced you know more than anyone.

No, no, no, I know nothing.

Yes you do.

What was the name of the thief who stole old cenci's cloak?

Something Spanish.

Can't remember.

Spanish you say?

I don't know who.

Some people say that they saw the individual

wearing Don francesco's cloak,

on the morning he killed the poor man.

That same body the man was seen

sporting a bag of money.

Seemed a bit strange he should have all that money.

Now do you remember who he is?

Huh?

There's the bandit Mauricio floriani.

Spanish you say?

El catalano.

Yeah.

I recall, don't know him very well.

First you do, then you don't.

No, I don't.

Two ladies of pleasures saw you fighting with him.

You must not try to deny that story lad, because it's true.

You went to his cave hideout

on the day of the funeral, why?

If I were you I'd confess everything.

Too bad.

Chief ligette wanted him alive.

The rack will get you to talk,

or it'll pull you in to shreds.

So why don't you talk?

Pull further.

Please.

Please!

Please!

You can let him down.

The water.

Is this the prisoner the we apprehended at petrella?

Yes excellency,

the one implicated in the affair of the cenci.

He didn't talk excellency, he didn't talk.

To what degree did you pull the cord?

The tenth! I think his spine is gone.

We must change instruments.

We'll give you one last chance.

Will you confess?

So you wish to be branded for a second time?

No!

Bring the branding irons once again.

There are moments of happiness

that one could pay for with one's life.

But mine is not enough

to repay your loves worth.

I wish in life there was something really important,

so that you could ask that too of me.

There is olimpio.

Tell me what it is.

I should not love you to ask you to do this.

Forget you love me.

Whatever it is,

I was born to do it for you Beatrice.

No olimpio, no man is born

with an aim contrary to god's will.

One may sacrifice one's life

for another,

but not eternal life.

All I know of heaven,

is what you've given me here on earth.

But do you want hell?

For what other reason could I damage your soul,

other than to free me from hell on earth?

Free you in what way?

There's only one way.

He put her away the moment the cardinal had gone.

Furious, Beatrice wanted to pass all the rest

of her life in a convent, he locked her in the dungeon.

And his passion began, so I freed Beatrice.

And because of this monstrous act she decided to

forget virtue, and plan to

destroy the awful creature who laid claim to her soul.

I know what you're suggesting,

what you're trying to tell me.

I know because I spoke to her, it's true.

I had to as her brother so that her sin is mine.

And what sin is that?

As you guessed olimpio.

You see the hour has come.

You've got to be careful, you're on your own.

My presence would arouse suspicion.

Why in September olimpio?

It must be in September because Don francesco

sends his guards out to collect taxes in that month.

The only man he trusts to do this is

that doormat gasparro, his own personal guard.

Obviously he's got to be away to accomplish the mission.

Is that clear?

Hm, the money?

Don giacomo?

There.

You'll get more.

After it's over you'll get double that.

I'm a man of my word, for that much money.

There.

Come.

You'll get the signal from up there.

Strange, the master passes out so early.

No it's not, he feels more tired than usual.

You may retire.

Shall we take off his boots?

No.

It's better he's allowed to rest.

Get a blanket.

Now.

Why not the steel one?

If it's to seem like an accident

you don't use a murderers weapon.

Olimpio.

One for you, and the other for me.

You've got to do it alone, giacomo paid you to, go on.

Go on.

Aren't you a murderer?

In reputation only, this is the first time for me.

Then you'd better get it over with,

and before it's too late, go on.

1 don't have the heart.

He says he cannot bring himself to kill a sleeping man.

If he were awake, you would not have

the courage to look him in the face.

And you call yourself men.

If you're both such cowards then I'll have to do it.

Not you.

We will do it.

Then go.

Move.

And you too.

It's over.

I'll fix the balcony.

Do you mind if I take the cloak?

He has no use for that anymore.

Well move, you have to wrap him in a sheet

and take him into another room.

Hurry up!

Yes, he's dead.

Help us.

What's he doing here?

After that you dropped the cadaver from the tower

so it appear thus, as if our lord the almighty god

were responsible for the crime which all remaining members

of the victim's family were accomplices to.

Next.

The confession of olimpio calvetti speaks for itself.

As you heard in his statement,

you're an accomplice to the death of your father.

That man is mad.

You dare to deny it?

I deny it, I deny it, I know nothing of what happened.

I was told the same thing as the others,

that my father had fallen from the tower.

And can you also deny the story

that olimpio has had an affair with you?

It's not the first time a dependent

claims to have loved his mistress.

So then he must have lied.

Your lady here denies what you've confessed to us.

She states that you alone are guilty,

and that she is innocent, pure as a newborn child.

My mistress has never lied.

What's that you say?

Speak up olimpio, speak son, speak freely.

Forgive me.

I told those men

one untruth after another.

I'm sorry.

It's so humiliating

to have been unable to withstand the torture,

and to have lied.

But we must give justice it's due dear lady.

That is an insult, an insult to justice.

My lady Beatrice is innocent to the crime of parricide.

I claim there's but one justice,

our lord's justice.

Now he insults our lord.

You have already blasphemed

the lord enough in your confession.

Know that I alone

murdered Don francesco cenci.

You can only blame me.

I murdered the man independently of the will of this girl.

Take her out of here!

Do you still not understand

that she gave her full body to you

as one throws a bone to a dog.

You thought you were an object of love

when all you were was an instrument of murder.

You're a fool to want to save her.

The will of god protects those who would heed it.

Beatrice knows his command,

and you know the truth.

You have tried my Patience by giving us two reports.

You will please correct the record

by renouncing what you said in the first statement made,

and by repeating the first report word by word.

Your sufferings are nothing compared

to those you'll experience in hell.

Are you going to start talking or do...

It's too late, I fear his soul is already there.

Damn!

The curs!

Fine thing to do to a servant of the popes nephew.

It's exactly as if he insulted the supreme pontiff.

I know him.

He's francesco's man.

Too bad.

Old man cenci would be quite unhappy to know

his man had died falling from a carriage.

He must have been going to petrella.

What was his name again, gasparro?

He's a gentry at petrella.

Too many things for his own good health.

Bury him in the cemetery, explanation accidental death.

That's stabbing's no accident.

To be sure it's not very easy

to fall right on the point of ones dagger.

Write everything down, exactly as I've told you.

A simple soldier shouldn't be too suspicious.

Shame

on your

perfect soul.

Not to confess your mortal impurities is worse than this pain.

You will take them to god won't you?

And you know very well he will

send you and your sins straight to the devil.

Slowly your soul will wither away

with these sins for all time.

Have pity on your soul if you haven't

any on your body child, speak.

Speak out.

It's not that you're innocent.

Satan himself chooses to give you strength.

Come on move!

Move I said!

Your martyrdom is unnecessary sister,

because we were not as strong as you have been.

If it must be,

so be it.

Not I.

They wanted

to hide our family's disgrace.

I'd rather have died in torment,

denying as I am

while still able to breathe.

You have to condemn me the parricide,

and that must be my shame.

Now I'm

forced to reveal a secret,

that I intended to take to the grave.

Come out, lovely lady, you hear?

You're free.

Come on, you're going to see the light.

Come on.

Come on.

You didn't expect to to see the light of day again did you?

Your father's been so cheered up by a certain event,

that he has forgiven you.

My friends, this year's harvest was so good

it behooves me to celebrate it with a feast.

I, not to displease my good chaplain.

State that, it's money makes us happy.

Imagine that money

continues to pour forth as long as I am who I am.

You shall be invited to feast at my table,

with of course the permission of my good chaplain.

Get in go on, go on.

Not bad.

Hey, take a look, take a look.

There's more than one way to get what you want.

Suppose you'd failed to notice you've been losing gold

through a hole in your pocket, and this for years.

Then you decide to sew up the hole.

You'd find yourself richer.

Well then why not sew up the pocket now and be richer later?

Come on it's warm over here.

Take, and it shall be yours.

That's why you're here today.

You mustn't cry mother.

Where's Beatrice.

I think upstairs to fix herself up, as you requested.

I hope you didn't tell her what we're feasting.

I did.

You filthy swine.

I wanted her to be here for my speech.

Look, I didn't know.

You didn't know, you didn't know.

I've kept them waiting for too long.

My friends, I feel I should explain now

the reasons for these festivities.

I must announce the second and third of my son's

Rocco and cristoforo are no longer

able to come back from salamanca.

And why?

They're both dead.

That's why you're here.

I'm sure you'll agree we must all thank god

in our own way for his blessings.

Know what that means, two mouths fewer to go hungry,

dropped from life in one fell swoop!

That's what any man would call a blessing.

The lord gave me his by sewing up this hole in my pocket.

You are the most ungrateful of daughters.

I take you from prison,

I invite you here to my feast to take part in my joy,

and you come here dressed in

these black frills of misfortune.

You are thankless and insolent.

I'm in mourning.

I am in mourning for my two brothers.

Silence.

But it's not the place

nor the hour for mourning.

Take off that dress or I'll rip it off.

Go put on a dress that's appropriate for a feast

for your brothers.

To your sons who have both died, and to you sire.

You haven't changed.

You haven't changed.

You haven't changed.

If you find my mourning so depressing

why don't you send me back?

I said to change, and put on something better.

Obey.

No!

If at that moment, she had held a weapon,

and had killed that monster,

would you not have absolved her of her crime?

Would you not have recognized the fact

that she was defending her honor

and her purity?

You're damned right.

The old demon deserved to be murdered.

Everybody in Rome says he got what was coming to him.

Everybody who?

Well, the citizens, the people.

Since when do the people ever get to judge about anything?

When that day comes life will be easier for us.

The people will just accept everything

that Beatrice tells them, they'll make her into a Saint.

But she is a Saint.

It's true.

It's true because she swore on the crucifix.

Would we not swear upon it,

each one of us, to save our own lives?

One thing is certain that is that all remaining cenci's

have been found guilty of the crime.

And when an entire family is thus eliminated

the apostolic chamber confiscates any wealth that remains.

The cenci fortune is notable.

About 500,000 scudi.

"Her honer and her purity."

When a scoundrel breaks the boundary that both

nature and god have put between father and daughter,

when he does not love his child,

but destroys its very body and soul,

does he not deserve death?

Come my son.

Pray for your soul that god may have pity on you.

The lord will not abandon you, go pray.

Are all the provisions of the sentence to be carried out?

Yes most holy father, the accused are now in church

and will soon assist in the mass.

After mass they'll ascend the scaffold,

first giacomo, then lucrezia, and finally Beatrice.

The people are much disturbed.

And so are we all.

Is not for nothing that this has been decreed.

The faithful understand.

Two men were posted to stand ready at castel sant'Angelo.

And when the head of Beatrice has definitely fallen

they will signal with the torch.

And at that very moment we shall absolve her of her sins.

Leave us now.

According to a chronicler of the time,

his holiness the pope was greatly surprised,

and in no small way perturbed,

that the bier of Beatrice cenci,

on it's way to San Pietro in montorio,

was followed by hundreds of thousands of Roman citizens

neither chanting nor praying, but weeping.

For months, even years thereafter

the people of Rome heaped flowers upon her tomb.

The young Bernardo cenci was freed with the intervention

of the brotherhood of the holy Trinity of ponte sisto,

upon donation of 25,000 scudi.

An additional 80,000 scudi were paid to revoke

the papal decree confiscating two thirds

of the estate of francesco cenci,

except for the vast property at torre di nona,

which was bequeathed by papal order to

the pope's nephew, giovanfrancesco aldobrandini.

The remainder of the estate went to the sons of

giacomo cenci, befitting their needs and station in society.