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[child] Hurry up!
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[children talking indistinctly]
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[girl giggling]
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[indistinct chatter]
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[child giggling]
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[Caylan] Nice job.
Nice flick of the wrist.
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[Caylan] The focus of my life is to allow
my kids to be who they are.
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Our lifestyle and the way
that I raise my kids
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is just to continually be evolving,
and awakening,
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and consciousness,
and awareness and mindfulness.
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[ball thuds]
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[Caylan] I believe a healthy child
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has the ability
to build up immunity naturally.
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[indistinct chatter]
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So, Pearl, do you know
what the word consent means?
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-No.
-Me, either. I don't.
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It means you give someone permission.
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Remember whenever we talk
about body parts and I'm like, we all...
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we don't touch other people's
body unless we get permission,
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and then there's even certain
places that we don't even touch--
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-Don't say it.
-[chuckles softly]
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Don't say it.
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[Caylan] You know,
there can be people that you think
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you should be able to trust.
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-[girl] Yeah.
-Whether it's... a doctor,
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or it's a pastor,
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or it's an owner of a business,
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even the president.
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And no matter who it is
that we're in contact with,
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we have the right to be
able to feel within our bodies,
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does this feel safe and do I...
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do I want to move forward? We should
all be given the freedom to do that.
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00:02:07,919 --> 00:02:10,669
And so we have to really
think through how,
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if this bill passes,
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what the effects of that will be
for all of us.
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[crowd chanting]
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[newscaster] Dozens of people
are rallying in Salem
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against a bill that would eliminate
non-medical vaccine exemptions.
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Now, if it passes, most unvaccinated kids
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would not be allowed to attend school
and daycare programs in Oregon.
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Supporters say
the effort to limit exemptions
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is about safe schools
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and protecting children and adults.
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Those against limiting exemptions
question vaccine safety standard.
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A doctor today described the measles
vaccine as, "incredibly safe."
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[Caylan] Where's Khalil?
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Wait, you're right there.
One, two, three, four, five.
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I still have to do the count.
49
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This bill would require
that whether you go to private school,
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or you're in public school,
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or in a charter school,
you would have to get every single vaccine
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that they say that you should have
at the timing that you should have it.
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00:03:07,437 --> 00:03:09,307
What does freedom mean, you guys?
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-[child 1] Free!
-[child 2] Like, like...
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You're just out there.
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You don't have to do
what people say or...
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I don't know, I have to think about it.
I've never thought about it.
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[Caylan] For me, it's not about
whether you vaccinate or you don't,
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it's us having the freedom of choice
to choose
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what we think as a parent
is the best thing for our child.
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Rumi, to calm us down,
roll this over your heart.
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-[Caylan] Okay?
-[mumbles]
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[Caylan] I am confident that no one else
can teach, direct and guide
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my kids' hearts, minds and souls
better than me.
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[Caylan] Everything
with this whole vaccine bill
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is someone who believes
that they know what's better for you
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than I do and what you do.
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So, it's removing our choice.
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[children cooing]
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[Caylan] On my family,
this bill will have a very large impact,
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'cause my oldest is passionate
about basketball.
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She will no longer be able to play
on specific teams.
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00:04:04,327 --> 00:04:08,247
You won't be able to play soccer
and you won't be able to play basketball
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if you don't get vaccines.
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00:04:10,416 --> 00:04:12,626
I don't feel comfortable
getting vaccines,
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and if were to even muscle test them,
I don't know if your body
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-would feel comfortable with it.
-You're making me cry.
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-[Caylan] I'm making you cry?
-I don't want that.
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[Caylan] It's kind of a lot
to take in, huh?
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I am raising you guys to be
the 10% of the world,
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00:04:24,764 --> 00:04:28,604
which means you're not gonna fit in
with the 90% and that's okay.
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[child giggling]
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[Caylan] We're advocating to our children
"my body, my rules,"
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and here, that is being stripped away.
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As a protector of our children,
to not have that,
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it's like,
"What are we stepping into next?"
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[man speaking in native language]
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[man grunts]
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[woman speaking in native language]
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[woman exclaims]
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[newscaster 1] The commissioner
of US Customs and Border Protection
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is ordering new steps
to protect children in US custody
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after the death of an eight-year-old
Guatemalan boy.
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[newscaster 2] Four days
after eight-year-old Felipe Gómez died,
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new autopsy results show
that the boy tested positive for the flu.
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Felipe now the second migrant child
to die this month in US custody.
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[speaking in native language]
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[woman in Spanish] My brother's
health was good before he left...
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It was so hard for us to understand
why his death was so sudden.
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Very sudden.
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He was a mischievous little boy,
but he always did well in school.
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00:06:28,721 --> 00:06:33,231
"I'm going to the United States with Dad,"
he said, excitedly.
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[sniffles]
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"But I'll come back for Mom."
That's what he said when he left.
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[woman 2 in Mayan]
I do regret that he left...
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but we just did it
because of how poor we are.
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[rooster crowing]
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[woman 2] I'm very scared
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of the flu and of its lethal outcomes.
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If another of my children dies,
I'd lose all will to live.
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[newscaster 3] US Border Patrol agents
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apprehended a group
of more than 1,000 migrants,
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who illegally crossed the southern border
near El Paso, Texas.
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[newscaster 4] A decade ago,
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90% of immigrants
caught crossing illegally
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were single adult men from Mexico.
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Today, nearly 90%
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are families and unaccompanied children
from Central America.
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[Susan] When I heard that Felipe died...
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I mean, I was angry
because it's all such bullshit.
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We have horrible things that happen
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with the different hurricanes,
with the tornadoes.
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We don't need any man-made catastrophes.
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And that's exactly what this one is.
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[child] Mama. Mama.
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-[door closes]
-[child whining]
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00:08:06,194 --> 00:08:07,114
[child cooing]
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[indistinct chatter]
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[Susan] I volunteered 9/11
and went down the day after.
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And then I went down to Katrina.
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And I worked down there
for almost two months.
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If you're able to help, you have to go.
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[indistinct chatter]
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[man in Spanish] Good afternoon.
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[man speaking indistinctly]
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[Susan in English] In Tucson,
people have rallied.
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[man in Spanish] I want to make sure
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the children get to eat first
and then the grown-ups.
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00:09:00,706 --> 00:09:02,706
[woman] Tangerine, perfect!
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00:09:02,792 --> 00:09:04,252
[Susan in English] They make sure
they're fed.
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00:09:04,335 --> 00:09:08,125
We give them two sets of clothing
and then they have the to-go bags
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00:09:08,214 --> 00:09:10,554
where they have food for their bus rides.
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It's a little group here, doing this.
It's amazing.
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[Susan] I'm so happy
to be able to give the flu shots
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because I really, really believe in them.
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And I think it's up to 36 cases this year
of children that have died from the flu.
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This is preventable.
It's ridiculous not to get 'em a flu shot.
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-[man] Okay.
-It's okay.
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[man in Spanish]
Look, look. Like this, look.
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[Susan in English] I kept my license
after I retired,
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because I knew I was gonna still be doing
volunteer work.
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But I hadn't given any shots
since Katrina.
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It's pretty hard to do.
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Yeah, I was up all night.
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I just couldn't sleep. I kept thinking,
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"I'm gonna hurt these kids tomorrow."
[chuckles]
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That's... quite a large needle.
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So, they're not gonna like me today.
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[scoffs]
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-[Susan] Hi.
-[man in Spanish] Hi.
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[man in English] That's it. Okay, okay.
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[Susan] I don't want to
open all of them yet.
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[man] Yeah, let's focus.
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[child sniffles]
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-[Susan] Oh, silly. You're a silly, silly.
-[laughing]
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[Susan] You silly!
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Okay, honey, I'm gonna pinch.
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-[gasps] So good!
-[man] That's all.
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Okay? You want your Band-Aid?
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[man speaking in Spanish]
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[Susan in English] I would hate to have
a baby or a child die
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just because I didn't think
about doing a flu shot,
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I didn't want to go through the hassle.
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Why take that chance?
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[typing]
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[Jake clears throat] There's a risk
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that somehow having a bunch
of complementary DNA
178
00:10:54,862 --> 00:10:56,992
and their synthesis process
might cause weird issues.
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Okay. Yeah, right on. Done. Cool. Bye.
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00:11:01,869 --> 00:11:03,409
My vision for Distributed Bio
181
00:11:03,496 --> 00:11:05,456
is that I wanted to build
fundamentally new things.
182
00:11:05,539 --> 00:11:07,329
I wanted to create a space
183
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where innovation and a willingness
to not be trapped by the past
184
00:11:11,045 --> 00:11:13,165
would allow people
the bravery or the foolishness
185
00:11:13,255 --> 00:11:15,045
to try something new
that hadn't been tested before.
186
00:11:16,258 --> 00:11:18,178
So, when we have young scientists
that come here,
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00:11:18,260 --> 00:11:22,060
we give them really hard problems
and then see what happens.
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-How's it going, folks? I'm Jake.
-[woman] This is Jack.
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[Jake] Nice to meet you.
190
00:11:30,398 --> 00:11:31,818
Cool, thanks for coming out.
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00:11:31,899 --> 00:11:33,319
Come and step into my parlor,
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-I'll give you an update.
-[man] Sounds great.
193
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[Jake] As you probably already know,
194
00:11:38,406 --> 00:11:41,696
if you receive a vaccine for flu
on any given year,
195
00:11:41,784 --> 00:11:44,414
you get some protection
and it lasts a little while,
196
00:11:44,495 --> 00:11:45,955
but the virus keeps mutating
197
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and making your vaccine obsolete,
so you need a new one, and this sucks.
198
00:11:49,250 --> 00:11:50,920
So our strategy
199
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was instead of make one vaccine
you'd have to keep changing all the time,
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take all the different versions
of the virus
201
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and load them in a shot,
all at once.
202
00:12:00,136 --> 00:12:02,296
That would teach your immune system
to respond to parts of the virus
203
00:12:02,388 --> 00:12:05,808
that have never changed over 100 years
and you provide a longer protection.
204
00:12:06,600 --> 00:12:08,060
But the way engineering works,
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00:12:08,144 --> 00:12:10,314
you can't do these things
all at once, right?
206
00:12:10,396 --> 00:12:12,856
If someone's trying to go
for the Apollo Program,
207
00:12:12,940 --> 00:12:14,360
you're trying to go...
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00:12:14,442 --> 00:12:16,402
take a rocket,
put a bunch of people in it,
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00:12:16,485 --> 00:12:19,235
send it up to the moon,
that thing's not gonna make it.
210
00:12:19,321 --> 00:12:23,281
So, the way you succeed in science
is through iteration.
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Kind of like our Apollo 1,
Apollo 2, Apollo 3...
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The early tests, we just wanna ask,
"Is the theory correct?"
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00:12:29,206 --> 00:12:32,456
If we could take 100 years of flu,
give a little bit of it all at once,
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00:12:32,543 --> 00:12:34,213
would that teach the immune system
to provide protection?
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00:12:34,295 --> 00:12:36,375
Let's just keep boosting it
over and over again.
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00:12:36,464 --> 00:12:38,884
I'm gonna stop drawing syringes,
but you get the idea.
217
00:12:38,966 --> 00:12:40,966
You end up giving them seven shots.
218
00:12:41,051 --> 00:12:42,891
After giving the same vaccine seven times,
219
00:12:42,970 --> 00:12:45,930
then we've got these gorgeous responses
that were great,
220
00:12:46,015 --> 00:12:48,925
but that's a ridiculous vaccine
because nobody wants to get seven shots.
221
00:12:49,018 --> 00:12:51,438
But we wanted to prove
that the principle was sound,
222
00:12:51,520 --> 00:12:53,810
and we could create neutralization
against future viruses.
223
00:12:53,898 --> 00:12:55,818
So the next one is,
"Can we make it more practical?"
224
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Less shots, higher, tighter,
more broad response.
225
00:12:59,278 --> 00:13:01,568
And that's the next experiments.
They're gonna be live challenges.
226
00:13:01,655 --> 00:13:04,695
That's the ultimate test
and that's why we're pumped.
227
00:13:05,910 --> 00:13:08,580
I was asking them earlier,
from an evolutionary perspective,
228
00:13:08,662 --> 00:13:11,712
why don't our bodies
attack this naturally?
229
00:13:11,791 --> 00:13:13,711
-Isn't that strange?
-[Jake] Yeah. That is...
230
00:13:13,793 --> 00:13:17,593
That is the single most fascinating
and annoying thing about flu viruses,
231
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and that's what got me into it.
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The virus hides its Achilles heel
233
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in an ocean of things
it can flexibly change.
234
00:13:23,677 --> 00:13:26,307
We're teaching the body
to help focus on the Achilles heel
235
00:13:26,388 --> 00:13:28,098
and ignore that ocean of nonsense.
236
00:13:28,182 --> 00:13:30,392
In the end of it, it's elegant and simple.
237
00:13:30,476 --> 00:13:33,726
That could apply
to any rapidly mutating pathogen.
238
00:13:33,813 --> 00:13:36,403
We can go after flu,
but we can also go after HIV,
239
00:13:36,482 --> 00:13:40,402
dengue, Zika, SARS, MERS
and a whole bunch of others, so...
240
00:13:40,486 --> 00:13:42,856
It's a big platform
we're contemplating here, right?
241
00:13:42,947 --> 00:13:44,157
You build one thing at a time,
242
00:13:44,240 --> 00:13:46,580
but it's a good idea to have a big vision
of where this could go.
243
00:13:46,659 --> 00:13:48,409
If this just kept growing,
244
00:13:48,494 --> 00:13:52,044
could we have a big dent
in making a pathogen-free humanity?
245
00:13:52,122 --> 00:13:53,962
Which I think should be not just us,
246
00:13:54,041 --> 00:13:57,171
but collectively a consequence
of the biotechnology revolution.
247
00:13:57,253 --> 00:14:01,013
I know that sounds like a big dream,
but it's good to have big dreams.
248
00:14:01,090 --> 00:14:02,930
Big dreams got us to the moon.
249
00:14:05,970 --> 00:14:08,390
[birds chirping]
250
00:14:35,416 --> 00:14:38,786
[Syra] I live and breathe being a Muslim.
It shapes my daily life.
251
00:14:41,422 --> 00:14:42,552
I don't drink.
252
00:14:42,631 --> 00:14:45,471
I don't eat meat that's not halal.
253
00:14:45,551 --> 00:14:47,301
And, of course,
one of the Pillars of Islam
254
00:14:47,386 --> 00:14:49,506
is making sure that we pray.
255
00:14:50,431 --> 00:14:54,521
Prayer is not for God. It's for me,
making sure I remember God day-to-day.
256
00:14:54,602 --> 00:14:58,192
And also, in my way of life,
making sure that I do no harm
257
00:14:58,772 --> 00:14:59,862
and help others.
258
00:15:00,482 --> 00:15:04,492
So, I pray every morning
before I leave for work or start my day.
259
00:15:05,613 --> 00:15:07,993
[both] Syrup.
260
00:15:08,073 --> 00:15:10,583
[both] Syrup.
261
00:15:11,118 --> 00:15:13,698
[both] Syrup.
262
00:15:14,622 --> 00:15:16,872
Syrup.
263
00:15:17,374 --> 00:15:18,964
Yeah! [giggles]
264
00:15:19,043 --> 00:15:23,173
[Syra] I think it's very hard for me
to distance myself from my work.
265
00:15:23,255 --> 00:15:25,295
I struggle with that at times.
266
00:15:25,883 --> 00:15:27,643
[child 1] Mommy, mine is dripping.
267
00:15:28,385 --> 00:15:31,595
[Syra] For my kids, I actually
don't tell them exactly what I do.
268
00:15:31,680 --> 00:15:33,310
I think it's a little bit hard to explain.
269
00:15:33,390 --> 00:15:36,190
They know Mommy works
in a hospital environment.
270
00:15:36,268 --> 00:15:38,348
My five-year-old is more concerned about,
271
00:15:38,437 --> 00:15:41,227
"How come other mommies don't work
and you work?"
272
00:15:41,315 --> 00:15:42,895
[child babbling]
273
00:15:43,817 --> 00:15:44,777
[child] Can you...
274
00:15:44,860 --> 00:15:46,200
[Syra] Your brother's with you.
275
00:15:57,247 --> 00:15:58,497
My name is Dr. Syra Madad,
276
00:15:58,582 --> 00:16:01,042
I am the senior director of New York City
Health and Hospitals'
277
00:16:01,126 --> 00:16:02,836
system-wide Special Pathogens Program.
278
00:16:02,920 --> 00:16:04,920
I deal with preparedness and response
279
00:16:05,005 --> 00:16:07,585
to these types of high-consequence
infectious diseases
280
00:16:07,675 --> 00:16:09,675
across the entire enterprise
of New York City Health and Hospitals.
281
00:16:09,760 --> 00:16:13,850
Like, Ebola, SARS, MERS... Seasonal flu
is a big one that we see every year.
282
00:16:15,182 --> 00:16:18,442
Anyone know what the definition is
of a special pathogen?
283
00:16:19,770 --> 00:16:21,690
There is actually no definition, right?
284
00:16:21,772 --> 00:16:24,232
There is no defined definition
of a special pathogen.
285
00:16:24,316 --> 00:16:26,486
However, there are characteristics.
286
00:16:26,568 --> 00:16:29,358
So, think about Ebola.
What are some characteristics of Ebola
287
00:16:29,446 --> 00:16:30,656
that make it a special pathogen?
288
00:16:30,739 --> 00:16:32,369
-[woman 1] High mortality?
-High mortality.
289
00:16:32,449 --> 00:16:34,949
High morbidity, high mortality, right?
So it is deadly.
290
00:16:35,035 --> 00:16:37,495
-What's another one?
-[woman 2] It causes panic.
291
00:16:37,579 --> 00:16:39,119
Causes panic, exactly.
292
00:16:39,206 --> 00:16:42,326
It is something
that can cause public panic.
293
00:16:42,418 --> 00:16:43,918
It's something that creates a lot of fear.
294
00:16:44,003 --> 00:16:45,593
There's two more.
295
00:16:45,671 --> 00:16:46,591
[man] Hard to treat.
296
00:16:46,672 --> 00:16:47,842
[Syra] Hard to treat, that is a third one,
297
00:16:47,923 --> 00:16:51,013
that you have no prophylactic treatment,
or vaccine,
298
00:16:51,093 --> 00:16:53,513
or therapeutic intervention,
so that's a third.
299
00:16:53,595 --> 00:16:55,175
-The fourth?
-[woman 3] Very contagious.
300
00:16:55,264 --> 00:16:56,524
[Syra] Very contagious,
there is a high likelihood
301
00:16:56,598 --> 00:16:59,348
of person-to-person transmission,
so you have a lot of secondary cases.
302
00:16:59,435 --> 00:17:02,935
Influenza is extremely hard to predict.
303
00:17:03,022 --> 00:17:04,942
It just takes one person, one host,
304
00:17:05,024 --> 00:17:08,244
and then you can start a whole outbreak
that can lead to a pandemic.
305
00:17:11,030 --> 00:17:13,450
Over 3,000 commercial flights
306
00:17:13,532 --> 00:17:16,742
pass through New York City airports
every single day.
307
00:17:16,827 --> 00:17:22,457
If a passenger arrives in New York City
with a novel disease like H7N9 flu,
308
00:17:22,541 --> 00:17:25,671
it can very well
begin to spread undetected.
309
00:17:26,503 --> 00:17:28,263
This is an airborne virus,
310
00:17:28,338 --> 00:17:31,678
so things like coughing and sneezing,
mere fact of just breathing,
311
00:17:31,759 --> 00:17:33,759
is a way of spreading this disease.
312
00:17:34,344 --> 00:17:36,184
Because there is no prior immunity...
313
00:17:37,181 --> 00:17:39,931
the outbreak would proceed
very aggressively.
314
00:17:40,934 --> 00:17:43,734
There's 8.6 million people
here in New York City.
315
00:17:44,897 --> 00:17:48,527
Every day, hospitals operate
at over 100% capacity.
316
00:17:48,609 --> 00:17:52,699
In a matter of weeks,
a novel virulent influenza strain
317
00:17:52,780 --> 00:17:54,410
will incapacitate our city.
318
00:17:55,365 --> 00:17:58,535
The demand for burials
will become overwhelming
319
00:17:58,619 --> 00:18:03,209
and morgues will begin to overflow,
just like we saw in 1918.
320
00:18:03,832 --> 00:18:07,382
Within one month, the virus can spread
throughout the country,
321
00:18:07,461 --> 00:18:11,381
and within a month after that,
could be widespread throughout the world.
322
00:18:13,217 --> 00:18:16,257
And all it would take is just one person.
323
00:18:19,973 --> 00:18:20,893
[machine beeps]
324
00:18:23,602 --> 00:18:24,942
[beeping]
325
00:18:29,483 --> 00:18:30,613
[indistinct chatter]
326
00:18:32,945 --> 00:18:35,605
[newscaster] Eastern parts
of the Democratic Republic of Congo
327
00:18:35,697 --> 00:18:38,407
are struggling to contain
the second-worst outbreak
328
00:18:38,492 --> 00:18:41,292
of the deadly Ebola virus in history.
329
00:18:42,329 --> 00:18:45,459
More than 1,100 people have died
from the deadly virus
330
00:18:45,541 --> 00:18:48,751
in two provinces
along the borders of three countries.
331
00:18:50,629 --> 00:18:56,009
Experts fear the outbreak is increasing
and that the virus could soon spread.
332
00:18:59,513 --> 00:19:05,643
[Michel] In Ebola, you miss one case,
it can trigger six more and then multiply.
333
00:19:05,727 --> 00:19:08,057
For us, it's the worst scenario.
334
00:19:09,606 --> 00:19:12,436
[man] There's the ETC visit. Um...
335
00:19:12,526 --> 00:19:17,486
There's also hopefully time
to stop by an ITC training.
336
00:19:17,573 --> 00:19:21,953
Mmm-hmm. They want to know for the UN,
what we are doing...
337
00:19:22,452 --> 00:19:27,462
and what are the key challenges
and how we address them.
338
00:19:34,882 --> 00:19:37,512
[Michel] Goma is a very dense city.
339
00:19:38,260 --> 00:19:41,010
Because of population movement,
340
00:19:41,096 --> 00:19:45,426
the risk of Ebola moving towards Goma
is very high.
341
00:19:46,226 --> 00:19:49,346
The outbreak started
in a place called Mangina,
342
00:19:49,438 --> 00:19:53,728
with a family,
and from there it moved to Beni city,
343
00:19:53,817 --> 00:19:59,817
and from Beni people moved to Butembo,
where the situation has exploded now.
344
00:20:00,324 --> 00:20:03,454
We are hoping that it doesn't reach Goma.
345
00:20:03,535 --> 00:20:04,945
We have two million people.
346
00:20:05,037 --> 00:20:10,037
With a high-density population,
actually, Ebola can become incontrollable.
347
00:20:10,125 --> 00:20:14,875
And the risk that it can actually spread
to other countries is very high.
348
00:20:20,594 --> 00:20:22,184
[in French] Hello, everyone, hello.
349
00:20:22,262 --> 00:20:23,722
[people speaking indistinctly in French]
350
00:20:33,732 --> 00:20:36,362
People with a high temperature.
351
00:20:36,443 --> 00:20:39,453
A high temperature,
we will direct them to here.
352
00:20:39,529 --> 00:20:40,739
All right.
353
00:20:40,822 --> 00:20:42,072
Let's continue.
354
00:20:46,703 --> 00:20:49,123
[Michel in English]
To survive from this virus,
355
00:20:49,206 --> 00:20:52,416
the objective in Ebola is to move faster.
356
00:20:53,335 --> 00:20:55,295
-Detect the first case,
-[beeps]
357
00:20:55,379 --> 00:20:57,209
isolate the case...
358
00:20:57,756 --> 00:21:00,336
and then stop the chain of transmission.
359
00:21:02,219 --> 00:21:07,019
One patient moving from these
Ebola-affected places to Goma...
360
00:21:07,099 --> 00:21:09,179
and it can easily be...
361
00:21:09,268 --> 00:21:10,518
a disaster.
362
00:21:13,313 --> 00:21:16,073
[Dennis] Ebola virus
is one of those viruses
363
00:21:16,149 --> 00:21:19,949
that is largely spread
by direct physical contact
364
00:21:20,028 --> 00:21:22,488
between one person and another.
365
00:21:22,572 --> 00:21:23,912
When there is an outbreak,
366
00:21:23,991 --> 00:21:28,041
it's largely contained
within a defined geographic area.
367
00:21:28,120 --> 00:21:31,000
Influenza and respiratory viruses
368
00:21:31,081 --> 00:21:32,871
are the ones
that you're most concerned about,
369
00:21:32,958 --> 00:21:36,748
in terms of being able to spread rapidly
from one human to another
370
00:21:36,837 --> 00:21:39,507
and spread around the world very quickly.
371
00:21:39,589 --> 00:21:41,169
By way of example,
372
00:21:41,758 --> 00:21:47,388
the Ebola virus that spread in West Africa
from 2014 to 2016,
373
00:21:47,472 --> 00:21:49,602
the worst Ebola outbreak in history,
374
00:21:49,683 --> 00:21:54,063
largely stayed within the three countries
in West Africa.
375
00:21:54,146 --> 00:21:57,856
One traveler went to Nigeria,
one traveler went to Dallas,
376
00:21:57,941 --> 00:21:59,611
but they never spread.
377
00:21:59,693 --> 00:22:03,953
And 30,000 to 50,000 people were infected,
378
00:22:04,031 --> 00:22:08,411
as opposed
to H1N1 pandemic influenza virus,
379
00:22:08,493 --> 00:22:13,923
sometimes referred to as swine flu,
that emerged in the spring of 2009.
380
00:22:13,999 --> 00:22:15,209
Within 12 months,
381
00:22:15,292 --> 00:22:19,252
it had spread around the world
and infected two billion people.
382
00:22:19,338 --> 00:22:22,128
The 50,000 versus two billion
383
00:22:22,215 --> 00:22:27,095
tells us the challenges
of dealing with an influenza-like virus,
384
00:22:27,179 --> 00:22:30,559
simply by virtue of how easily
and rapidly it can spread.
385
00:22:30,640 --> 00:22:32,730
It was just a matter of luck
386
00:22:32,809 --> 00:22:36,979
that the swine flu variant of 2009
wasn't more lethal.
387
00:22:37,064 --> 00:22:41,904
Had it been, hundreds of millions of men,
women, and children would have died.
388
00:22:49,076 --> 00:22:51,116
[children giggling]
389
00:22:54,164 --> 00:22:57,834
[child in Spanish] We were traveling
along with the Honduran caravan,
390
00:22:57,918 --> 00:22:59,378
and...
391
00:22:59,461 --> 00:23:03,551
we crossed over a fence
that was in the way
392
00:23:03,632 --> 00:23:07,012
and we ran into an officer
further up the road.
393
00:23:07,761 --> 00:23:09,181
He caught us.
394
00:23:11,890 --> 00:23:14,180
We were taken to...
395
00:23:14,267 --> 00:23:16,187
it was like a prison.
396
00:23:17,104 --> 00:23:22,034
We were kept there for two days
and transferred to a different one,
397
00:23:22,109 --> 00:23:24,279
until we finally got here.
398
00:23:29,574 --> 00:23:31,584
[Susan in English] It's hard for me
to listen to them
399
00:23:31,660 --> 00:23:34,370
tell about how they walked, and walked,
400
00:23:34,454 --> 00:23:36,254
and how some of the Mexicans
took advantage of them
401
00:23:36,331 --> 00:23:39,841
and stole their money,
and how the women were badly treated.
402
00:23:40,669 --> 00:23:43,049
I can't get in my head
what they've been through.
403
00:23:43,130 --> 00:23:45,010
All I can do is make them feel better now.
404
00:23:45,590 --> 00:23:46,930
[Susan] Hey, little one.
405
00:23:47,342 --> 00:23:48,802
[gasps] Boom!
406
00:23:49,636 --> 00:23:50,796
Boom, boom, boom...
407
00:23:50,887 --> 00:23:52,717
Here, you've gotta watch
where you're going.
408
00:23:53,473 --> 00:23:54,813
How's that? Better?
409
00:23:55,559 --> 00:23:57,139
Well, see ya.
410
00:23:57,644 --> 00:23:58,484
[chuckles]
411
00:23:59,938 --> 00:24:01,608
[woman] You've got a little one.
412
00:24:02,190 --> 00:24:03,190
[indistinct chatter]
413
00:24:03,942 --> 00:24:05,692
[man in Spanish]
Good afternoon, how are you?
414
00:24:05,777 --> 00:24:07,777
Please come with me this way.
415
00:24:07,863 --> 00:24:10,073
Hi! Say hi to me, how are you?
416
00:24:10,157 --> 00:24:12,947
Come stand here with me, come.
417
00:24:16,538 --> 00:24:18,168
These papers
418
00:24:18,248 --> 00:24:20,918
that you have here
are the most important thing you have now.
419
00:24:21,001 --> 00:24:24,551
This is your legal status in the US, okay?
420
00:24:24,629 --> 00:24:28,049
With this,
you can take your kids to school.
421
00:24:28,133 --> 00:24:30,763
You can take them
to the doctor if you need help.
422
00:24:30,844 --> 00:24:34,144
I want to make it clear,
you are no longer detained.
423
00:24:34,222 --> 00:24:35,682
You are free.
424
00:24:36,266 --> 00:24:40,976
-We are free, right? I think we are...
-[people laughing]
425
00:24:43,106 --> 00:24:43,936
[sniffling]
426
00:24:44,024 --> 00:24:45,154
[baby crying]
427
00:24:46,902 --> 00:24:48,152
Now, you're okay here...
428
00:24:48,236 --> 00:24:50,486
[muffled crying]
429
00:24:53,200 --> 00:24:55,080
[woman] You're good, okay?
430
00:24:59,998 --> 00:25:03,458
[man] Please, try to relax,
I know you're still very tense.
431
00:25:03,543 --> 00:25:05,463
But not anymore, okay?
432
00:25:06,421 --> 00:25:07,881
[woman 1] You're all from Honduras?
433
00:25:07,964 --> 00:25:09,344
[woman 2] Yes, all of us.
434
00:25:09,424 --> 00:25:14,014
[woman 1] How much time did you spend
at the ICE center?
435
00:25:15,805 --> 00:25:17,715
-[woman 2] Two weeks.
-Two weeks.
436
00:25:17,807 --> 00:25:20,057
How many days were you traveling?
437
00:25:21,520 --> 00:25:24,190
-Twenty-two days.
-[woman 1] Twenty-two days?
438
00:25:28,151 --> 00:25:30,201
[Eve in English]
Does she want any ibuprofen?
439
00:25:30,278 --> 00:25:32,778
[in Spanish] Do you want something
for the pain?
440
00:25:32,864 --> 00:25:35,664
Yes, because it itches... Yes.
441
00:25:36,243 --> 00:25:40,963
[in English] When people have been
experiencing adverse circumstances
442
00:25:41,039 --> 00:25:46,709
such as inadequate food and water,
dehydration and particularly stress,
443
00:25:46,795 --> 00:25:50,165
all those factors would increase risk
in terms of getting flu
444
00:25:50,257 --> 00:25:51,757
and other illnesses as well.
445
00:25:51,841 --> 00:25:53,391
[woman] She didn't fall,
didn't hurt herself.
446
00:25:53,468 --> 00:25:54,968
Is it getting better?
447
00:25:55,053 --> 00:25:56,643
Is she able to eat right now?
448
00:25:56,721 --> 00:26:01,141
[Eve] We knew that these refugees
had been kept all together
449
00:26:01,226 --> 00:26:06,266
in some kind of facility for a few days
under less-than-ideal conditions,
450
00:26:06,356 --> 00:26:07,396
then brought to us,
451
00:26:07,482 --> 00:26:10,822
and then they would be scattered
across the country.
452
00:26:10,902 --> 00:26:15,572
And I thought, "This is a public health
issue disaster waiting to happen."
453
00:26:15,657 --> 00:26:17,947
-[woman] Cough drops, anything else?
-[Eve] The tongue blades.
454
00:26:18,034 --> 00:26:19,414
And they don't have to be sterile ones.
455
00:26:19,494 --> 00:26:21,754
[Eve] I said, "We gotta do
something about this.
456
00:26:21,830 --> 00:26:24,540
We just need to get some flu vaccine
for these people."
457
00:26:27,127 --> 00:26:29,337
-[Susan] It's Juan and Juan.
-[woman] Juan and Juan.
458
00:26:29,421 --> 00:26:33,221
Juan and Juan. Come on in,
you're next on The Price is Right.
459
00:26:34,217 --> 00:26:38,047
[Susan] The flu vaccine
is about 50% effective.
460
00:26:39,848 --> 00:26:42,928
But it also,
even if it doesn't prevent it,
461
00:26:43,018 --> 00:26:47,018
generally modulates it
so that it'll be much milder,
462
00:26:47,105 --> 00:26:51,475
so your risk of having
a serious consequence is much less.
463
00:26:52,986 --> 00:26:54,486
-[laughing]
-[Eve] He laughs.
464
00:26:54,571 --> 00:26:56,991
[Eve] I had a professor
in pediatrics who said,
465
00:26:57,073 --> 00:26:59,583
"Why take care of people
at the end of their lives
466
00:26:59,659 --> 00:27:01,699
when you can take care of them
at the beginning of their lives
467
00:27:01,786 --> 00:27:03,956
and have an impact
for the rest of their lives."
468
00:27:04,039 --> 00:27:06,329
[in Spanish] Take a deep breath.
469
00:27:06,416 --> 00:27:07,456
[inhaling deeply]
470
00:27:07,542 --> 00:27:08,882
[breathes deeply]
471
00:27:09,461 --> 00:27:10,881
-Cough.
-[coughs]
472
00:27:10,962 --> 00:27:11,842
[Eve in English] Okay.
473
00:27:11,921 --> 00:27:15,431
There are tens of thousands
of deaths every year from the flu.
474
00:27:15,508 --> 00:27:19,098
I'm not sure
why that doesn't impress people.
475
00:27:19,179 --> 00:27:21,929
People got freaked out
about the Ebola virus
476
00:27:22,015 --> 00:27:23,925
when there was one case
in the United States,
477
00:27:24,017 --> 00:27:27,227
but the flu virus, which can kill
thousands of people,
478
00:27:27,312 --> 00:27:30,522
for which we have a prevention,
people don't get it.
479
00:27:30,607 --> 00:27:34,147
So, for us in the medical field,
sometimes it becomes very frustrating.
480
00:27:34,235 --> 00:27:39,115
[chanting] Kill the bill. Kill the bill.
Kill the bill.
481
00:27:41,910 --> 00:27:43,160
[all chanting and cheering]
482
00:27:47,874 --> 00:27:49,714
[Jaclyn over microphone]
My eight children are healthy,
483
00:27:49,793 --> 00:27:51,343
happy and vaccine-free.
484
00:27:51,419 --> 00:27:53,379
[crowd cheering]
485
00:27:54,047 --> 00:27:57,337
We're a responsible family that takes care
of our immune system
486
00:27:57,425 --> 00:27:59,425
by living a healthy lifestyle.
487
00:27:59,511 --> 00:28:00,601
[crowd cheering]
488
00:28:00,679 --> 00:28:04,769
[Jaclyn] We are in charge of our children,
not the government.
489
00:28:04,849 --> 00:28:08,769
-[both] We do not consent.
-[all] We do not consent.
490
00:28:09,604 --> 00:28:10,984
[crowd chanting]
491
00:28:11,815 --> 00:28:14,395
[Caylan] The rally today
at the courthouse...
492
00:28:14,484 --> 00:28:18,414
There's something really powerful
about a physical body showing up
493
00:28:18,488 --> 00:28:21,158
to say enough is enough
and I want my freedom of choice.
494
00:28:21,741 --> 00:28:23,201
Our specific beliefs,
495
00:28:23,284 --> 00:28:26,794
whether it be religion,
personal views, health...
496
00:28:26,871 --> 00:28:29,921
We are standing together,
fighting for our rights in Oregon.
497
00:28:30,667 --> 00:28:32,377
-Are you informed?
-[all] Yeah!
498
00:28:32,460 --> 00:28:34,670
-Do you consent?
-[all] No!
499
00:28:34,754 --> 00:28:36,514
[man] Thank you for turning up.
500
00:28:36,589 --> 00:28:39,129
[Elizabeth] I don't want you guys
harassed by these people.
501
00:28:39,217 --> 00:28:42,717
I don't think they're gonna cause
physical damage to our office.
502
00:28:42,804 --> 00:28:44,684
I just don't want them
getting in your faces.
503
00:28:44,764 --> 00:28:47,354
So, it is World Immunization Day,
actually.
504
00:28:47,434 --> 00:28:49,144
-The radio told me today.
-[Elizabeth] Are you serious?
505
00:28:49,227 --> 00:28:50,347
No, it is not!
506
00:28:50,437 --> 00:28:52,187
-It's World Immunization Day?
-It is.
507
00:28:52,272 --> 00:28:55,442
I had no idea.
We could not have planned this better.
508
00:28:55,525 --> 00:28:56,475
All right.
509
00:28:56,568 --> 00:28:58,858
-We're gonna take that as a good sign.
-Yeah.
510
00:28:58,945 --> 00:29:02,315
You know, there are certain things
that push people's buttons.
511
00:29:02,407 --> 00:29:06,327
Um, guns, gun bills... Turns out
immunizations is one of them.
512
00:29:06,411 --> 00:29:10,041
There were already 42 voicemails
when they came in this morning.
513
00:29:14,294 --> 00:29:18,594
[Elizabeth] We've had a large number
of protests. People are pretty grumpy.
514
00:29:18,673 --> 00:29:19,843
A lot of hate mail
515
00:29:19,924 --> 00:29:22,014
that eventually descended
into death threats
516
00:29:22,093 --> 00:29:23,263
against me and my children.
517
00:29:25,638 --> 00:29:27,928
I think the stairs
are safer than the elevators.
518
00:29:28,016 --> 00:29:28,926
[woman] Mmm-hmm.
519
00:29:29,017 --> 00:29:31,637
-[Elizabeth] Good morning.
-[man 1] Good morning.
520
00:29:31,728 --> 00:29:32,808
[man 2] Morning, Senator.
521
00:29:35,106 --> 00:29:39,986
[protesters chanting]
Stop 3063! Stop 3063!
522
00:29:42,363 --> 00:29:46,243
[protester over microphone]
It's your job to storm this building
523
00:29:46,326 --> 00:29:49,496
and tell them to stop this over-reach.
524
00:29:49,579 --> 00:29:50,619
[protesters cheering]
525
00:29:50,705 --> 00:29:53,325
[protester] Freedom now! Health now!
526
00:29:53,416 --> 00:29:54,496
Freedom now!
527
00:29:54,584 --> 00:29:56,804
[protesters chanting]
Health now! Freedom now!
528
00:29:56,878 --> 00:29:58,878
[Elizabeth] I didn't come here
to do easy stuff.
529
00:29:59,380 --> 00:30:01,670
That isn't why I came to legislation.
530
00:30:02,759 --> 00:30:05,679
I came here to protect Oregon's children.
531
00:30:06,805 --> 00:30:07,965
[newscaster 1] The US is now dealing
532
00:30:08,056 --> 00:30:11,426
with the worst outbreak of measles
since 2000.
533
00:30:12,393 --> 00:30:17,363
There have been nearly 700 cases confirmed
in 22 states this year.
534
00:30:17,899 --> 00:30:18,979
[newscaster 2] Measles is clearly
535
00:30:19,067 --> 00:30:23,067
one of the most contagious viruses
known to man.
536
00:30:23,154 --> 00:30:25,664
[newscaster 3] The measles virus
causes high fever and rash
537
00:30:25,740 --> 00:30:28,200
and can lead to serious complications.
538
00:30:28,284 --> 00:30:29,834
[newscaster 4]
Health officials are blaming
539
00:30:29,911 --> 00:30:32,291
the outbreak on misinformation
about vaccines.
540
00:30:32,372 --> 00:30:35,122
The vast majority of cases
have occurred in children
541
00:30:35,208 --> 00:30:37,288
who have not received the vaccine.
542
00:30:37,377 --> 00:30:38,997
[newscaster 5]
The problem's so widespread,
543
00:30:39,087 --> 00:30:41,837
the World Health Organization
is calling the refusal to vaccinate
544
00:30:41,923 --> 00:30:45,223
one of the biggest threats of 2019,
right behind Ebola.
545
00:30:46,511 --> 00:30:49,511
[Elizabeth] Vaccine hesitancy
is one of the largest threats
546
00:30:49,597 --> 00:30:51,347
to human health there is.
547
00:30:51,432 --> 00:30:55,102
The complications
of a serious viral illness like measles
548
00:30:55,186 --> 00:30:57,936
can be very profound,
up to and including death.
549
00:30:58,648 --> 00:31:01,988
House Bill 3063, at its heart,
does one thing.
550
00:31:02,068 --> 00:31:03,738
If you have a child
551
00:31:03,820 --> 00:31:06,070
and you want that child to attend
a licensed school
552
00:31:06,155 --> 00:31:07,945
or childcare provider in this state,
553
00:31:08,032 --> 00:31:10,582
that child either has to have
a medical exemption
554
00:31:10,660 --> 00:31:13,500
or they have to get
all the required immunizations.
555
00:31:14,455 --> 00:31:19,705
If I don't want to immunize my child,
I'm putting my child at risk.
556
00:31:19,794 --> 00:31:21,174
You could make an argument
557
00:31:21,254 --> 00:31:24,014
that as a parent, I have that choice,
and that right,
558
00:31:24,090 --> 00:31:26,300
but do I have a right
to put your child at risk?
559
00:31:27,010 --> 00:31:28,720
Any baby under the age of one
560
00:31:28,803 --> 00:31:31,103
and people whose immune systems
are suppressed,
561
00:31:31,180 --> 00:31:34,770
are really being placed at risk
by people not immunizing their children.
562
00:31:34,851 --> 00:31:38,941
The vast majority of people who choose
not to immunize their children,
563
00:31:39,022 --> 00:31:41,322
do choose to obey traffic laws.
564
00:31:41,399 --> 00:31:45,279
For example, immunizing your children
is like stopping at a red light.
565
00:31:45,361 --> 00:31:47,821
It's a pretty good idea
so you don't run into somebody
566
00:31:47,906 --> 00:31:50,446
who's going the other direction
with a green light, right?
567
00:31:51,159 --> 00:31:55,869
We all have to make a series of choices
when we choose to live in society.
568
00:31:55,955 --> 00:31:58,415
I mean, this is a public health emergency.
569
00:31:58,499 --> 00:32:01,709
At some point,
we have to take some tough votes.
570
00:32:19,687 --> 00:32:22,187
[Sarah] There are times where I do feel
571
00:32:22,273 --> 00:32:25,033
like people look at me
that either I'm too young
572
00:32:25,109 --> 00:32:28,279
or I'm a woman and out of place or both.
573
00:32:28,363 --> 00:32:32,333
It motivates me to work even harder
to be successful.
574
00:32:37,872 --> 00:32:40,752
For those of you who have joined
us recently, this is a good opportunity
575
00:32:40,833 --> 00:32:44,463
to see what we've been working on
for the vaccine program.
576
00:32:45,964 --> 00:32:48,174
Vaccines have been hugely successful
577
00:32:48,257 --> 00:32:52,847
in nearly eradicating many pathogens
that have once plagued humanity.
578
00:32:53,721 --> 00:32:56,811
However, they have failed
in rapidly mutating pathogens
579
00:32:56,891 --> 00:32:59,731
such as influenza and HIV and others.
580
00:32:59,811 --> 00:33:03,981
Many groups have tried to find
a universal influenza vaccine.
581
00:33:04,065 --> 00:33:06,275
All of these previous attempts have failed
582
00:33:06,359 --> 00:33:11,949
at producing a broadly-neutralizing,
universally-protective flu vaccine.
583
00:33:13,116 --> 00:33:16,786
More complex but also brilliant solutions
have been attempted
584
00:33:16,869 --> 00:33:20,919
and failed for various reasons
that maybe no one really knows.
585
00:33:20,999 --> 00:33:24,789
So we just had
to completely turn it around and say,
586
00:33:24,877 --> 00:33:28,167
"What kind of barriers exist
and how can we do it differently?"
587
00:33:29,298 --> 00:33:33,178
Our approach is new,
and then we tried it out in pigs.
588
00:33:35,263 --> 00:33:39,483
The immune systems between pigs and humans
are actually remarkably similar,
589
00:33:40,518 --> 00:33:46,688
so if it works in pigs, we can be
reasonably sure it will work in humans.
590
00:33:47,692 --> 00:33:51,452
What Jake did is he figured,
"Okay, well, it's gonna be too expensive
591
00:33:51,529 --> 00:33:53,779
for me to run a pig study in the US,
592
00:33:53,865 --> 00:33:57,325
but I really wanna see this through
and see if my idea is gonna work."
593
00:33:58,786 --> 00:34:02,536
So I wanted to do pigs and Guatemala
became a way that I could do that.
594
00:34:05,918 --> 00:34:10,838
Guatemala has a pretty big pig industry
and I grew up down there.
595
00:34:11,799 --> 00:34:14,259
My father still has a hotel
and restaurant, so we had property nearby
596
00:34:14,343 --> 00:34:16,053
that I could use to set up a facility.
597
00:34:16,763 --> 00:34:21,813
It turns out it's only about $40 or $50
US to buy a pig in Guatemala.
598
00:34:22,727 --> 00:34:24,897
[Jake] And suddenly, this whole thing
lined up where I realized
599
00:34:24,979 --> 00:34:28,479
there was an opportunity to go run
these animal studies in Guatemala
600
00:34:28,566 --> 00:34:31,356
and then having nice labs in the States
to analyze the results.
601
00:34:32,403 --> 00:34:36,743
[Sarah] We paid a fraction,
a tenth of the cost
602
00:34:36,824 --> 00:34:39,244
it would have been
to run this study in the US.
603
00:34:41,579 --> 00:34:44,789
And these are some pictures of us
in Guatemala with our baby pigs.
604
00:34:45,416 --> 00:34:49,246
We had a group of all-female pigs so we
tried to give them all pig-related names.
605
00:34:50,004 --> 00:34:54,094
Oh, it's Squeeyonce and Jennifer Hamiston
and Kim Kardashioink,
606
00:34:54,175 --> 00:34:57,795
Spamela Anderson, Hamon Biles,
Katy Porky, Squeeanna,
607
00:34:57,887 --> 00:34:59,427
-and then the list goes on.
-[all laugh]
608
00:35:01,015 --> 00:35:05,435
And right there was the moment
when we realized that it was working.
609
00:35:08,106 --> 00:35:12,606
[Sarah] I've flown down to Guatemala
16 times in about three years.
610
00:35:13,277 --> 00:35:17,157
Right now, we're prepping to go back
to Guatemala for one final test.
611
00:35:18,407 --> 00:35:21,867
We're really confident in our data
and we know that the vaccine works.
612
00:35:21,953 --> 00:35:27,463
However, the vaccine requires seven shots
to get the response that we like to see.
613
00:35:28,292 --> 00:35:30,592
Nobody likes to go to the doctor
to get shots,
614
00:35:30,670 --> 00:35:33,340
especially shot after shot after shot.
615
00:35:33,422 --> 00:35:37,012
So we had to figure out how to get
the same protection that we had before,
616
00:35:37,093 --> 00:35:39,303
but with fewer shots. Ideally, one shot.
617
00:35:39,387 --> 00:35:41,427
So that's our next big milestone.
618
00:35:42,306 --> 00:35:44,676
We also need to move on
to human clinical trials.
619
00:35:46,102 --> 00:35:47,772
There is a lot of pressure
leading up to this trip,
620
00:35:47,854 --> 00:35:50,694
because this is our final animal study
in Guatemala.
621
00:35:51,315 --> 00:35:56,235
What we want is for Centivax to be
the last flu vaccine you'll ever need.
622
00:36:05,621 --> 00:36:07,461
[woman in French over microphone]
Thank you for giving me time to speak.
623
00:36:11,419 --> 00:36:15,719
We have 1,023 cases,
of which 958 are confirmed cases.
624
00:36:16,507 --> 00:36:20,467
638 deaths, 321 healed.
625
00:36:20,553 --> 00:36:23,313
[Michel in English]
Ebola is a very contagious virus.
626
00:36:24,056 --> 00:36:26,386
It's going to kill the whole family.
627
00:36:27,143 --> 00:36:28,443
The whole village.
628
00:36:30,062 --> 00:36:31,232
The whole city.
629
00:36:32,481 --> 00:36:35,821
[in French] The first confirmed case
is a 23-year-old woman.
630
00:36:35,902 --> 00:36:39,242
The second case
was a three-year-old child.
631
00:36:39,322 --> 00:36:43,912
[Michel in English] It's a very painful
disease, like a severe flu.
632
00:36:43,993 --> 00:36:46,913
You have muscular pain.
You have fever.
633
00:36:47,705 --> 00:36:50,495
[woman in French] For the fourth
case, it's a 33-year-old man.
634
00:36:51,209 --> 00:36:55,669
The fifth case is
a five-year-old female child.
635
00:36:56,672 --> 00:37:00,642
[Michel in English] And when it reaches
organ failure, then you start bleeding.
636
00:37:01,510 --> 00:37:06,890
I can see the patient suffering
and dying with a lot of pain.
637
00:37:07,475 --> 00:37:09,095
I have to solve this issue.
638
00:37:09,185 --> 00:37:11,395
I have to stop the outbreak,
639
00:37:11,479 --> 00:37:14,569
and stop the suffering
of all these people.
640
00:37:14,649 --> 00:37:17,489
[woman in French]
The sixth case is a 16-year-old girl.
641
00:37:17,568 --> 00:37:20,148
The seventh case,
is a 56-year-old man.
642
00:37:20,780 --> 00:37:23,120
[Michel in English]
This is the main motivation.
643
00:37:25,493 --> 00:37:27,543
[Sam] When do you wanna schedule that for?
644
00:37:28,579 --> 00:37:32,079
[Michel] It takes a lot of heart, really,
to do this kind of job.
645
00:37:35,044 --> 00:37:37,304
[indistinct chatter]
646
00:37:39,006 --> 00:37:41,046
[imperceptible]
647
00:37:41,133 --> 00:37:45,223
Michel is able to engage people
and build trust in people,
648
00:37:45,304 --> 00:37:49,024
in a way that cuts through
any kind of hierarchy.
649
00:37:49,100 --> 00:37:51,770
And really cuts through
a lot of the different communities,
650
00:37:51,852 --> 00:37:53,902
cultures, nationalities
that we have coming here.
651
00:37:53,980 --> 00:37:56,820
[Michel in French] His Excellency.
His Excellency is handsome.
652
00:37:57,692 --> 00:38:00,532
[Sam in English] Michel has a great
respect, both for other people,
653
00:38:00,611 --> 00:38:02,241
but also other people for him,
654
00:38:02,321 --> 00:38:06,201
and I always was struck
by his immediate ability
655
00:38:06,284 --> 00:38:09,664
to make people calm
in a very stressful environment,
656
00:38:09,745 --> 00:38:11,325
and that's a real skill.
657
00:38:11,414 --> 00:38:15,674
But we have not yet been able
to overcome a lot of the lack of trust
658
00:38:15,751 --> 00:38:18,591
and the deficit of trust
that communities have in us.
659
00:38:18,671 --> 00:38:19,961
People are terrified,
660
00:38:20,464 --> 00:38:22,264
and they're terrified
for a number of reasons,
661
00:38:22,341 --> 00:38:23,591
but this is a scary disease.
662
00:38:24,552 --> 00:38:26,722
[interviewer in French]
Okay, can we start?
663
00:38:26,804 --> 00:38:33,774
Doctor, how do you respond to views
that vaccines against the Ebola virus
664
00:38:33,853 --> 00:38:39,573
are a means used by the West, Americans,
665
00:38:39,650 --> 00:38:45,160
to infect the population with the virus,
to perpetuate the epidemic?
666
00:38:45,239 --> 00:38:48,829
[Michel] This vaccine
doesn't have the Ebola virus.
667
00:38:48,909 --> 00:38:52,539
It's a vaccine that stimulates immunity.
668
00:38:52,621 --> 00:38:57,041
I've taken exactly the same vaccine.
669
00:38:57,126 --> 00:39:02,296
There are rumors, notably in Goma,
which are spreading,
670
00:39:02,381 --> 00:39:06,551
that a person has died
from the vaccine inoculation.
671
00:39:06,635 --> 00:39:09,675
That's not the case.
672
00:39:10,514 --> 00:39:12,104
[Michel over radio]
To date, I can guarantee
673
00:39:12,183 --> 00:39:13,773
we don't have any major incidents
674
00:39:13,851 --> 00:39:17,811
directly linked to the vaccine.
675
00:39:20,149 --> 00:39:21,529
[Michel in English] In influenza,
676
00:39:21,609 --> 00:39:24,989
during the crisis,
you may have to change vaccine,
677
00:39:25,071 --> 00:39:27,821
because the flu virus can mutate easily.
678
00:39:28,699 --> 00:39:33,499
At least, the good thing for Ebola
is that we have actually one vaccine.
679
00:39:34,663 --> 00:39:36,373
It's an experimental vaccine
680
00:39:36,457 --> 00:39:40,337
that the manufacturer cannot produce
in huge numbers.
681
00:39:40,419 --> 00:39:44,759
At the beginning of the outbreak,
we had 300,000 doses,
682
00:39:45,591 --> 00:39:47,301
and this is for worldwide.
683
00:39:48,010 --> 00:39:50,810
We cannot afford to do a mass campaign.
684
00:39:50,888 --> 00:39:52,678
We don't have enough vaccine.
685
00:39:53,849 --> 00:39:55,019
So, in this case,
686
00:39:55,101 --> 00:39:59,021
the appropriate strategy
is to vaccinate frontline workers.
687
00:40:10,533 --> 00:40:12,123
[Michel in French]
Okay, this doesn't scare you?
688
00:40:12,868 --> 00:40:14,158
Are you still okay with this?
689
00:40:14,912 --> 00:40:15,872
Okay, Doctor.
690
00:40:15,955 --> 00:40:17,745
We will vaccinate the young lady.
691
00:40:18,707 --> 00:40:20,127
[Michel in English]
This vaccine will protect
692
00:40:20,209 --> 00:40:22,589
the health workers from the disease.
693
00:40:23,379 --> 00:40:27,759
But, unfortunately,
Ebola is not the only danger they face.
694
00:40:28,634 --> 00:40:30,934
[wailing]
695
00:40:33,389 --> 00:40:34,809
[newscaster] A new spike
in deadly violence
696
00:40:34,890 --> 00:40:37,180
has gripped
the Democratic Republic of Congo.
697
00:40:37,852 --> 00:40:41,232
Armed rebel groups are targeting
Ebola health care teams
698
00:40:41,313 --> 00:40:43,113
in the country's eastern region.
699
00:40:43,190 --> 00:40:45,990
Two aid workers were killed in one attack
over the weekend.
700
00:40:46,861 --> 00:40:50,871
[Michel] Two days ago, we had
one of the vaccination team members
701
00:40:50,948 --> 00:40:53,618
being beaten
and even thrown into the river.
702
00:40:56,829 --> 00:41:00,369
We are experiencing attacks
from different armed groups.
703
00:41:01,167 --> 00:41:02,497
We became the target.
704
00:41:04,003 --> 00:41:05,383
This is quite hard.
705
00:41:06,088 --> 00:41:07,918
It's like fighting two armies.
706
00:41:08,883 --> 00:41:09,933
The outbreak itself...
707
00:41:11,093 --> 00:41:14,973
and the groups that fight Ebola teams.
708
00:41:26,275 --> 00:41:27,645
[woman in Spanish] Good morning!
709
00:41:28,235 --> 00:41:31,695
[child] Do you have a pill
for my ear pain?
710
00:41:31,780 --> 00:41:34,950
Are you in a lot of pain?
Does your throat hurt, too?
711
00:41:35,034 --> 00:41:35,874
[child] Yes.
712
00:41:38,287 --> 00:41:39,787
-Thank you!
-[child chuckling]
713
00:41:39,872 --> 00:41:41,002
[gagging]
714
00:41:41,081 --> 00:41:42,881
[woman] Now, you can eat the lozenge.
715
00:41:43,417 --> 00:41:44,707
[continues gagging]
716
00:41:44,793 --> 00:41:46,343
-Does it taste funny?
-Yes.
717
00:41:49,632 --> 00:41:52,972
[woman in Spanish] We're coming
from Poptun, Ixobel, Guatemala.
718
00:41:53,636 --> 00:41:55,046
[imperceptible]
719
00:41:55,930 --> 00:41:58,720
I didn't want to leave my country
and my mother behind, but I had to.
720
00:42:00,267 --> 00:42:02,767
I might lose a family member
or even my girls,
721
00:42:02,853 --> 00:42:04,363
the most important people in my life.
722
00:42:04,438 --> 00:42:05,518
I decided I'd rather leave.
723
00:42:06,398 --> 00:42:07,398
-[woman 2] Mmm-hmm.
-[woman sniffles]
724
00:42:07,483 --> 00:42:09,943
But I know I'll be back with them someday.
725
00:42:11,820 --> 00:42:14,570
Here's the one where they threaten
my husband.
726
00:42:16,033 --> 00:42:19,623
[child] Said they'd turn her
into ground pork and kidnap us.
727
00:42:22,164 --> 00:42:25,044
Until they get rid
of every single person in the family.
728
00:42:27,294 --> 00:42:29,134
That's what the message says.
729
00:42:30,297 --> 00:42:33,047
-Were you scared when you saw it?
-Yeah.
730
00:42:36,929 --> 00:42:39,309
[woman] But, yeah, we're already here.
731
00:42:39,390 --> 00:42:43,770
Things will be different once we are
with our family, God willing.
732
00:42:45,312 --> 00:42:46,312
Uh-huh. [sniffles]
733
00:42:49,316 --> 00:42:51,276
[Eve in English] People don't like
to leave their countries.
734
00:42:51,360 --> 00:42:55,530
They have relationships there.
They have a feeling about the land.
735
00:42:55,656 --> 00:42:59,326
I'm sure if it was a safe environment
and they could make a living,
736
00:42:59,410 --> 00:43:01,450
they would be happy staying there.
737
00:43:03,372 --> 00:43:06,542
You really feel you wanna do
everything you can
738
00:43:06,625 --> 00:43:11,625
to make up for the horrible circumstances
under which they've come here.
739
00:43:11,714 --> 00:43:13,924
And I think everyone at the facility
feels that way.
740
00:43:16,010 --> 00:43:17,600
[Susan] I got two of them.
741
00:43:18,721 --> 00:43:20,351
Both from Alia.
742
00:43:22,141 --> 00:43:24,521
My one daughter, she's in North Carolina.
743
00:43:25,894 --> 00:43:29,324
She's helping me out.
She sent the boxes for the kids.
744
00:43:30,649 --> 00:43:33,319
I can't believe
she got ten coats in here, but...
745
00:43:35,195 --> 00:43:37,655
Oh, one of the little girls
will love that.
746
00:43:37,740 --> 00:43:39,240
That's so nice.
747
00:43:39,325 --> 00:43:42,405
I hate giving out second-hand stuff
that's all yucky.
748
00:43:49,877 --> 00:43:50,837
[groans]
749
00:43:50,919 --> 00:43:53,509
[Susan] For everything
these families have been through,
750
00:43:53,964 --> 00:43:57,184
and some have been through so much
that we don't even know about,
751
00:43:57,259 --> 00:43:59,679
and then they come up to this country,
752
00:43:59,762 --> 00:44:03,222
and to die from anything,
much less the flu, something preventable,
753
00:44:03,307 --> 00:44:04,597
it's inexcusable.
754
00:44:04,683 --> 00:44:07,353
We're gonna do whatever we can
to make sure that doesn't happen.
755
00:44:12,149 --> 00:44:14,149
[Susan] Is it okay? Oh, oh...
756
00:44:14,234 --> 00:44:15,654
[wailing]
757
00:44:16,403 --> 00:44:19,243
[Susan] Oh... Oh...
758
00:44:19,323 --> 00:44:20,623
Oh, baby.
759
00:44:23,452 --> 00:44:24,702
[Susan] Oh...
760
00:44:25,704 --> 00:44:27,674
Oh... Hey, baby.
761
00:44:27,748 --> 00:44:31,208
[Eve] The acceptance of the vaccine
among the refugee families
762
00:44:31,293 --> 00:44:33,803
was very shocking, because I felt,
763
00:44:33,879 --> 00:44:37,219
after their experience,
why would they trust us?
764
00:44:37,758 --> 00:44:38,758
But they did.
765
00:44:38,842 --> 00:44:42,262
And when we said
we are offering the flu vaccine,
766
00:44:42,346 --> 00:44:44,846
they basically all came to get it,
767
00:44:45,307 --> 00:44:48,017
and it was such a nice change
768
00:44:48,102 --> 00:44:50,352
from having to struggle with people,
769
00:44:50,437 --> 00:44:52,057
to fight with them
about getting a vaccine.
770
00:44:52,147 --> 00:44:54,897
That was very rewarding.
771
00:44:55,984 --> 00:44:59,954
The challenges we're facing is maintaining
a steady supply of the vaccine.
772
00:45:01,407 --> 00:45:02,777
Somebody has to pay for it,
773
00:45:02,866 --> 00:45:07,996
and there is no money in any budget,
really, to provide that.
774
00:45:08,080 --> 00:45:12,210
I personally don't think a county
should be responsible for this.
775
00:45:12,292 --> 00:45:14,712
This should be
a federal government response.
776
00:45:15,462 --> 00:45:19,762
We are getting somewhere
between 50 and 80 people a day.
777
00:45:19,842 --> 00:45:22,592
There have been a couple of days
where they had up to 100.
778
00:45:24,555 --> 00:45:27,175
When it was clear
that the vaccine was running low
779
00:45:27,266 --> 00:45:28,636
over the last few days,
780
00:45:28,726 --> 00:45:31,936
we've really been prioritizing
just children and pregnant women.
781
00:45:32,020 --> 00:45:35,820
We haven't been able
to give it to adults.
782
00:45:35,899 --> 00:45:39,779
And I feel bad turning people away,
'cause they come wanting it.
783
00:45:39,862 --> 00:45:43,492
They say, "But I'm leaving tomorrow.
Can't you give it to me?"
784
00:45:43,574 --> 00:45:46,494
And we say, "This is what we have.
We have ten doses left."
785
00:45:47,286 --> 00:45:49,866
-[woman] Okay.
-[woman 2] You know this guy?
786
00:45:49,955 --> 00:45:50,785
[woman 3] Okay.
787
00:45:54,042 --> 00:45:55,342
[Eve] Okay.
788
00:46:03,051 --> 00:46:05,471
[Eve] So I think we only have, um...
789
00:46:06,388 --> 00:46:09,518
five or six doses left of the vaccine,
790
00:46:09,600 --> 00:46:12,560
and obviously we won't get any tomorrow,
it's Sunday.
791
00:46:12,644 --> 00:46:14,654
Who knows about next week?
792
00:46:14,730 --> 00:46:16,730
-Yeah.
-So we're probably gonna be out.
793
00:46:16,815 --> 00:46:20,065
They do understand that this flu season
is now, and it's kind of--
794
00:46:20,152 --> 00:46:21,112
-Yes.
-This is the time.
795
00:46:21,195 --> 00:46:22,775
That's crazy, okay.
796
00:46:23,655 --> 00:46:25,865
[Eve] Unless we get something on Monday,
797
00:46:25,949 --> 00:46:28,869
we won't be able to give people
the vaccine.
798
00:47:02,528 --> 00:47:05,818
[Jake] My family owns a bed and breakfast
in Guatemala,
799
00:47:05,906 --> 00:47:10,866
and because we had a little piece
of extra property away from the bungalows,
800
00:47:12,162 --> 00:47:15,922
we were able to use that to build
an animal facility to test the vaccine.
801
00:47:16,917 --> 00:47:20,087
[Jake in Spanish]
What an old hotel! [laughing]
802
00:47:20,170 --> 00:47:21,880
-[Jake in English] How's it going?
-How you doing?
803
00:47:21,964 --> 00:47:25,184
-It's good to see you, man.
-Hey, a long ride, huh?
804
00:47:25,259 --> 00:47:26,799
They're paving both sides
of the road at once.
805
00:47:26,885 --> 00:47:28,175
That's smart.
806
00:47:28,262 --> 00:47:29,932
We had to retreat an hour and a half--
807
00:47:30,013 --> 00:47:31,683
It took a special engineer
to figure that one out.
808
00:47:32,224 --> 00:47:33,734
-Hola.
-[Jake] Hey, hey, what's up?
809
00:47:34,393 --> 00:47:35,523
[Jake in Spanish] How are you?
810
00:47:35,602 --> 00:47:37,312
[man] I'm fine, thank you.
811
00:47:39,481 --> 00:47:42,031
-[Jake] What's up?
-[man] Hey, man, how are you?
812
00:47:42,109 --> 00:47:44,109
-All good, all good.
-Good?
813
00:47:44,194 --> 00:47:45,864
[Jake in English]
I love coming back to Guatemala.
814
00:47:45,946 --> 00:47:47,566
It will always feel like home to me.
815
00:47:47,656 --> 00:47:50,366
But it also feels, every time I come back,
816
00:47:50,450 --> 00:47:53,540
like I'm one step closer
to achieving our vaccine goals.
817
00:47:54,580 --> 00:47:56,290
-[Sarah] Ooh, fresh paint.
-[Jake] Nice.
818
00:47:56,874 --> 00:47:58,794
-Looks really good.
-Yeah.
819
00:48:03,463 --> 00:48:05,423
[Sarah] They are so freaking cute.
820
00:48:07,676 --> 00:48:08,796
[pigs oinking]
821
00:48:17,102 --> 00:48:18,272
[Sarah] They look really good.
822
00:48:18,353 --> 00:48:19,523
-They look healthy.
-[Jake] Yeah.
823
00:48:19,605 --> 00:48:20,555
Hi.
824
00:48:22,149 --> 00:48:22,979
Hi, piggy.
825
00:48:23,066 --> 00:48:24,526
-[pig farts]
-Oh...
826
00:48:26,320 --> 00:48:27,400
Did a poop.
827
00:48:29,323 --> 00:48:31,663
[Jake] I remember
when I did the first vaccine study.
828
00:48:31,742 --> 00:48:33,492
I was scared the whole time.
829
00:48:35,287 --> 00:48:37,327
Imagine cooking a cake,
830
00:48:37,414 --> 00:48:39,754
where you're gonna spend six months on it
and bring all your friends in,
831
00:48:39,833 --> 00:48:42,133
and you don't know if the whole thing's
gonna be a mess at the end.
832
00:48:43,253 --> 00:48:46,923
This is really
one of our most important experiments yet,
833
00:48:47,007 --> 00:48:51,637
because if we're successful,
it'll be a huge step towards human trials.
834
00:48:51,720 --> 00:48:52,720
[clicks]
835
00:48:52,804 --> 00:48:54,434
[Jake cooing] Who's gonna help us
solve influenza?
836
00:48:54,514 --> 00:48:57,484
Who's gonna help us solve influenza?
You are.
66832
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