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To walk, I think we'll go on low setting.
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We may end up surveying both, but...
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Yeah.
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This site is a forgotten place.
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But it should be a warning to us all.
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We'll identify the anomalies
and mark those out.
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So you're trying to narrow
the focus of the radar pulse, is that it?
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Yeah, we're looking for a change
in the density of the soil.
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There are some anomalies
sort of popping up.
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This is a pretty strong one here,
there's one there.
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At one meter in and then over at three.
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Each stake
represents a probable body.
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This is essentially a mass grave.
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A hundred years ago,
a deadly influenza virus
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infected hundreds of millions of people
around the world.
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It overwhelmed hospitals.
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It overwhelmed mortuaries.
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So towns all over the world
needed a quick solution.
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We could be standing
in any number of towns
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across the US, or Kenya, India, Vietnam.
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This grave site is a reminder
of the devastation
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a flu pandemic can wreak.
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This kind of carnage
is not relegated to history.
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When we talk about
another flu pandemic happening,
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it's not a matter of if, but when.
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- Take the stethoscope, and...
- Yes, ensure that the gown covers.
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We have received reports
of an outbreak of respiratory illness.
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Make sure you have a good seal.
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Give me a thumbs up
once you know you have a good seal.
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About eight other countries
around the world
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are also reporting similar outbreaks.
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I can't breathe.
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Unofficial case count
is about over 220 with eight deaths.
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We don't know
what the case definition looks like
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and we don't know the laboratory analysis
of this particular outbreak.
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We know that we are dealing
with something novel,
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we just don't know
exactly what we're dealing with,
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but some of the patients
are not testing positive
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for these normal seasonal flu viruses.
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I don't feel okay.
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Currently, the Emergency
Department at Kings County Hospital
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is operating at 104%
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and so we have set up
a mobile satellite emergency department.
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What's going on?
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- I'm not doing well. I can't breathe.
- Okay. Okay.
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I need intubation equipment.
There's no intubation equipment.
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Somebody get the ice. Ashley.
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I wouldn't turn it off at this point,
I don't think we have time.
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Can you check the X-ray on bed one?
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Yeah, that's it.
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The simulation is ended.
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Let's go back to the debriefing room.
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- Thank you.
- Thank you.
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So all who participated,
please come to make a circle.
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I think one of the things
that we tried to bake into the simulation
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was just healthcare worker safety.
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I think that was one of the biggest
takeaways in the previous outbreaks.
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If I have to take the time out
to switch my gown
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and someone needs to be intubated,
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I'm gonna pick their life
over switching out my garment.
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We're talking about
a severe respiratory disease.
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Really big lesson learned,
and we mentioned this over and over,
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is that healthcare workers
were disproportionally affected
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in MERS and SARS,
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and it shows us
where we need to improve on.
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So if you're not protected,
if you can't protect yourself,
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then how are you gonna help others?
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My job is to contain the virus
here in New York City.
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What worries me is that it just takes
one person to start an outbreak.
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We're basically human incubators,
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we can host
a number of different diseases.
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It's just a matter of time
where the next pandemic is going to start,
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we just don't know where or how,
but we know it will.
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I remember, at a very young age,
watching a movie called Outbreak,
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and in this movie you had a novel virus
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that started in California
that quickly spread.
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Healthcare workers get suited up,
and I was like, "Oh, my God,
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working in that high-risk environment,
this is amazing."
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That was a formative moment for me,
and I have been pursuing a career
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in infectious disease preparedness
ever since.
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In even a small outbreak,
you have what we call "hoarding."
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We saw this in the H1N1 outbreak
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where vaccines were not made available
in the United States
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in a timely fashion
because countries were hoarding it...
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You know,
these infectious disease outbreaks
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are scarier and more deadly
than conventional warfare.
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So this is something
that people should pay attention to,
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but they forget in their day-to-day lives.
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My job is to remind them.
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Hello.
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Okay. Knocked out, okay.
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Okay, I'll be there in a second. Okay.
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Yeah, I can hear it, too.
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I wake up in this building.
I eat in this building.
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I put my pajamas on in this building
and I sleep in this building.
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How did I know
you'd be the one to make my night?
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I'm telling you.
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Juanita.
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When I came out of medical school...
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in the back of my mind
I still had that vision
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of what it was to be a small-town doctor.
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Very old-school, the one doctor in town.
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I want you to hold your breath.
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Big deep breath in and hold it.
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They saw patients in the clinic,
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they were the ones
that were rotating through the ER.
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They were the ones
seeing the patients in the hospital
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and delivering babies.
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I wanted to be that guy.
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I wanted to be that one
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who took care of the patient
when they were well
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and took care of the patient
when they were sick.
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- Stick it out and say, "Ah."
- Ah.
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And took care of the patient
when they were hurt
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and ran into the patient
in different social situations
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outside of the hospital or clinic.
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You okay?
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- I need to see what's under there.
- Yeah.
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I had other physicians
that talked to me
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and I'd say,
"What advice do you have for me?"
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And they'd say, "Reconsider."
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But nobody could dissuade me.
I was gonna do it regardless.
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Hi, there.
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- So were you diagnosed with the flu?
- Yeah.
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They swabbed you?
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- It was positive?
- Yes.
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00:09:10,174 --> 00:09:12,778
- Do you remember if it was the A or the B?
- I think it was the A.
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00:09:12,802 --> 00:09:15,096
- A, okay.
- They did both of our noses.
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- That was Wednesday.
- You should be at the end of it,
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but you're not feeling better...
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Yesterday, my symptoms
started getting worse.
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Okay. Have you been feeling
sweats, chills?
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Chills. He wakes up in a sweat.
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00:09:27,984 --> 00:09:30,528
She said that you have
not been feeling well at all.
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That you really haven't been
getting over the flu like you ought to.
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Big deep breath in. Well done. Good.
Do that again.
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I don't have every resource
that a large hospital has.
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I honestly have no idea what I would do
in a situation like a pandemic.
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We're gonna be lower on the totem pole
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in terms of getting replenishment
of our resources.
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Places that have higher populations
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are gonna be the places that get
that lifesaving medication first.
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00:10:06,355 --> 00:10:08,983
I think that we would be overwhelmed.
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00:10:09,066 --> 00:10:10,693
We wouldn't be able to manage
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should a flu pandemic
occur in our little county.
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We have to follow the virus.
Where is the virus located?
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Very good.
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And the virus is located in birds.
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My job takes me all over the world.
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My main responsibility
is trying to prevent, trying to detect,
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and respond,
and control emerging viral threats.
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There is no single,
more dangerous influenza virus
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circulating in this planet today
than the avian flu in China right now.
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60% of the people who are infected die.
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Chinese and global
health authorities
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are watching a new strain of bird flu.
It's called H7N9.
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This is definitely
one of the most lethal influenza viruses
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that we have seen so far.
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Authorities in China
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are at pains to say
they're on top of this potential outbreak.
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At least 108 cases,
22 of those people infected died.
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00:11:45,746 --> 00:11:50,418
The recent H7N9 virus
has a very high mortality rate.
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That said, it remains an inefficient virus
for infecting people.
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So far, this virus
has not yet spread beyond China,
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but it could happen at any time.
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00:12:04,432 --> 00:12:07,935
- When were these birds last vaccinated?
- Seven days ago.
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So they had a problem
with neighboring farms having outbreaks?
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Yes, they did.
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Some people bought
sick chickens at the market.
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There are almost
endless variations of the influenza virus.
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They're denoted by different combinations
of H's and N's, such as H5N1.
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The H's and N's ultimately define
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the physical characteristics
an influenza virus will have
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and just how deadly
that infection might be.
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The pandemic flus and the seasonal flus
are profoundly different.
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A pandemic influenza
will likely come from an animal
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and it will be a new and novel,
never-seen-before virus.
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When a novel virus emerges from animals,
we will not have natural immunity.
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Our systems will have no means
to fight the infection off,
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which means it has the potential
for being very deadly.
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That's why there are researchers
around the world
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committed to developing
a universal vaccine
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that will be effective
against any and all influenza viruses.
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I don't really get
stage fright anymore.
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I used to do this thing where if I knew
I was about to go on the stage,
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my heart would start beating
and I'd feel like I was gonna pass out,
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but I knew
for the work that I wanted to do,
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I had to be an effective communicator.
190
00:14:07,179 --> 00:14:09,765
If I wasn't able
to communicate my science,
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00:14:09,849 --> 00:14:12,393
then it was almost
like the science didn't exist.
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Can you get the slides up?
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That's a different slide there.
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All right, good afternoon, New York.
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So, yeah, I'm the co-founder,
Chief Science Officer,
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00:14:25,823 --> 00:14:27,741
and the Chairman of Distributed Bio,
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00:14:27,825 --> 00:14:30,786
and this afternoon
I'm gonna share with you
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00:14:30,870 --> 00:14:35,583
the story of a slow-burning revolution
in biologic therapeutic discovery.
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I never memorize a specific speech.
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00:14:38,335 --> 00:14:41,589
I think about the arc of the story
I'm gonna tell,
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00:14:41,672 --> 00:14:45,593
and really good storytelling,
those rules apply to science.
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00:14:46,427 --> 00:14:47,587
It's basically the same rules
203
00:14:47,636 --> 00:14:49,597
that our ancestors
did around the campfire, right?
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00:14:49,680 --> 00:14:51,724
First you have to introduce
the terrible monster.
205
00:14:51,807 --> 00:14:53,475
In this case, it's influenza.
206
00:14:54,310 --> 00:14:55,912
The problem is that the virus
mutates so quickly
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that your immune response
becomes obsolete by the next year.
208
00:14:58,856 --> 00:15:00,941
We have created
these amazing vaccine technologies
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00:15:01,025 --> 00:15:04,403
that are arguably the greatest advances
since sanitation and fire,
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00:15:04,486 --> 00:15:06,697
and yet they don't work
on rapidly mutating viruses,
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like the flu, for instance.
212
00:15:09,199 --> 00:15:11,011
And for a while we thought
we were just stuck with this.
213
00:15:11,035 --> 00:15:12,804
They're never really gonna be able
to solve the problem
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00:15:12,828 --> 00:15:14,246
of having a good single shot
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00:15:14,330 --> 00:15:17,291
that's gonna solve our risk
of being exposed to flu.
216
00:15:18,459 --> 00:15:20,085
Then you present the hero.
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00:15:20,669 --> 00:15:22,230
That there's some new technology
that exists,
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00:15:22,254 --> 00:15:24,173
that could potentially
create a breakthrough.
219
00:15:24,256 --> 00:15:27,968
We're making a vaccine that could treat
all future versions of flu.
220
00:15:29,011 --> 00:15:31,096
So, fundamentally,
our approach was different,
221
00:15:31,180 --> 00:15:34,600
because we tested
against future and past strains.
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Under some circumstances,
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some people end up producing
these nice antibodies
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that hit all the strains
or many of the strains of flu,
225
00:15:40,314 --> 00:15:42,524
and they enjoy broad protection.
226
00:15:42,608 --> 00:15:44,127
You all might have those friends, right?
227
00:15:44,151 --> 00:15:45,795
It's that annoying hippie friend of yours
who's like,
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00:15:45,819 --> 00:15:47,738
"I never take the flu shot and I'm fine."
Right?
229
00:15:47,821 --> 00:15:49,883
Some of them may be right.
230
00:15:49,907 --> 00:15:52,743
But why the hell aren't we all
protected all the time?
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Our approach was able
to neutralize viruses
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00:15:56,997 --> 00:15:58,832
all the way back to 1934
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00:15:58,916 --> 00:16:01,877
as well as protect
against future viral variants.
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00:16:15,057 --> 00:16:18,644
I met Jake Glanville
in the fall of 2014.
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00:16:19,895 --> 00:16:21,855
He offered me a job.
236
00:16:23,732 --> 00:16:26,944
He knew that I had skills
that he would need
237
00:16:27,027 --> 00:16:29,905
if he wanted to launch
this vaccine program.
238
00:16:39,873 --> 00:16:42,584
Okay, so I can add the antibody
to this one, then?
239
00:16:42,668 --> 00:16:44,003
Yep.
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00:16:44,086 --> 00:16:46,213
Jake just thinks outside the box.
241
00:16:46,797 --> 00:16:51,468
He thinks of these crazy ideas
that are completely out of the norm.
242
00:16:51,552 --> 00:16:58,142
Okay, the NHS and EHC are added,
so clock's ticking now.
243
00:17:00,352 --> 00:17:04,148
We've done multiple animal studies
so we know that this is reproducible.
244
00:17:04,231 --> 00:17:05,858
What we're seeing is real.
245
00:17:07,484 --> 00:17:11,780
I want to prove
that my research and Jake's research
246
00:17:11,864 --> 00:17:13,073
could change the world.
247
00:17:14,533 --> 00:17:18,245
This vaccine could eradicate influenza
as we know it.
248
00:17:31,508 --> 00:17:32,718
This will not work at all.
249
00:17:32,801 --> 00:17:35,596
Sir, this one
is expected H1N1.
250
00:17:35,679 --> 00:17:36,805
So fast?
251
00:17:39,308 --> 00:17:41,786
There has been
an alarming rise in the swine flu
252
00:17:41,810 --> 00:17:44,855
or H1N1 cases in India this year.
253
00:17:44,938 --> 00:17:49,318
The situation is turning rather serious
with the fatalities increasing by the day.
254
00:17:49,401 --> 00:17:54,490
The North Indian State of Rajasthan
has been worst hit by the H1N1 virus.
255
00:18:02,289 --> 00:18:03,725
- Negative. It's negative.
- But, look.
256
00:18:03,749 --> 00:18:05,417
The shadow is still here.
257
00:18:05,501 --> 00:18:08,003
And there are some light ones here.
258
00:18:08,087 --> 00:18:10,172
Let us see how you feel without oxygen.
259
00:18:10,255 --> 00:18:12,174
Should we continue with Tamiflu?
260
00:18:12,257 --> 00:18:15,135
It's day six today, right?
Give it for one more day.
261
00:18:16,386 --> 00:18:18,639
Tamiflu,
stop after seven days.
262
00:18:18,722 --> 00:18:20,162
We will stop it tomorrow.
263
00:18:33,487 --> 00:18:37,825
Swine flu is a very
rapidly progressing disease. Very rapidly.
264
00:18:39,034 --> 00:18:42,454
In just a few days,
it can affect both of the lungs,
265
00:18:42,538 --> 00:18:44,414
and it is a life-threatening disease.
266
00:18:47,000 --> 00:18:48,794
Common flu.
267
00:18:48,877 --> 00:18:54,216
All patients came with throat pain,
sneezing, fever, body ache.
268
00:18:55,342 --> 00:19:00,013
But a patient who has nausea, vomiting,
along with breathlessness,
269
00:19:00,931 --> 00:19:03,016
and he says "troublesome cough,"
270
00:19:04,643 --> 00:19:06,395
always think "swine flu."
271
00:19:06,478 --> 00:19:08,355
Always think swine flu.
272
00:19:19,658 --> 00:19:21,660
Breathe normally.
273
00:19:24,079 --> 00:19:27,082
If it's not diagnosed
properly at an early stage,
274
00:19:27,166 --> 00:19:29,126
it is difficult to treat.
275
00:19:53,817 --> 00:19:55,986
The problem is,
when she came here,
276
00:19:56,069 --> 00:19:57,946
she had 60%-70% saturation.
277
00:19:59,114 --> 00:20:01,450
If she had been on the road,
she would've died.
278
00:20:02,993 --> 00:20:04,578
That is the fact.
279
00:20:06,705 --> 00:20:09,791
We will shift to the ICU.
Then treatment will start.
280
00:20:14,588 --> 00:20:18,467
The later they come,
the more laborious it gets to breathe,
281
00:20:18,550 --> 00:20:21,136
and it becomes
a matter of life or death.
282
00:20:34,233 --> 00:20:36,235
Biggest challenge with flu
283
00:20:36,777 --> 00:20:42,157
is not being lulled into acceptance
of seasonal flu
284
00:20:42,241 --> 00:20:44,868
as all we have to worry about.
285
00:20:46,411 --> 00:20:52,668
Because every once in a while,
there is a variant of flu that emerges
286
00:20:53,502 --> 00:20:59,174
that poses an existential threat
to us as a species.
287
00:21:01,426 --> 00:21:03,720
We go back to 1918...
288
00:21:05,305 --> 00:21:09,393
and, you know, that flu profoundly
impacted this Earth.
289
00:21:13,188 --> 00:21:17,234
It emerged at the very end of World War I.
290
00:21:17,818 --> 00:21:22,447
Soldiers returning home from battle
helped spread the virus around the world.
291
00:21:22,531 --> 00:21:27,202
We ended up seeing
a global event very rapidly,
292
00:21:27,286 --> 00:21:31,957
even at a time when population movements
were a fraction of what they are today.
293
00:21:33,792 --> 00:21:38,505
Far more people died
in the 18-month period of that flu
294
00:21:38,588 --> 00:21:42,259
than died in all of World War I
and World War II.
295
00:21:43,302 --> 00:21:46,722
Somewhere in the order
of 50 to 100 million deaths.
296
00:21:48,807 --> 00:21:54,396
In 1918, there were 1.8 billion people
on the planet Earth.
297
00:21:54,479 --> 00:21:58,358
Today, there are 7.8 billion people.
298
00:21:59,651 --> 00:22:05,240
If a similar virus emerged today,
the result would be not 50 to 100,
299
00:22:05,324 --> 00:22:08,618
but hundreds of millions of people
that would likely die.
300
00:22:10,287 --> 00:22:13,915
And it's a guarantee that another version
301
00:22:13,999 --> 00:22:17,711
of that killer flu will reappear.
302
00:22:17,794 --> 00:22:18,837
We don't know when,
303
00:22:18,920 --> 00:22:24,009
but we should always presume
it can be... soon.
304
00:22:27,679 --> 00:22:30,557
When it comes to a pandemic,
there are many unknowns.
305
00:22:32,100 --> 00:22:34,436
It's about the societal disruption.
306
00:22:37,898 --> 00:22:40,025
The thing that will
immediately be threatened
307
00:22:40,108 --> 00:22:42,819
is continuity of health services.
308
00:22:44,821 --> 00:22:50,744
But also, you'll have severe issues
with normal infrastructure operating.
309
00:22:51,828 --> 00:22:54,122
Electricity is dependent on power plants
310
00:22:54,206 --> 00:22:56,625
and power plants
are dependent on a work force.
311
00:22:56,708 --> 00:23:01,004
That work force becomes ill,
then you have huge vulnerabilities.
312
00:23:01,088 --> 00:23:02,714
What are urban areas going to do
313
00:23:02,798 --> 00:23:07,010
after a couple of weeks
of disruptive impact on food supplies?
314
00:23:08,637 --> 00:23:12,474
You'll not only have people dying
from an influenza virus,
315
00:23:12,557 --> 00:23:16,186
they'll be dying
from what are preventable deaths today.
316
00:23:17,396 --> 00:23:19,856
It will leave its mark.
317
00:23:20,607 --> 00:23:22,692
That's why I do what I do.
318
00:23:22,776 --> 00:23:27,322
If we catch it early enough,
we may be able to save millions of lives.
319
00:23:27,906 --> 00:23:29,408
But it's an uphill battle
320
00:23:29,491 --> 00:23:32,661
because there are so many opportunities
for emergence,
321
00:23:32,744 --> 00:23:35,747
and our resources for early detection
are limited.
322
00:23:47,134 --> 00:23:48,611
All right, good morning, everybody.
323
00:23:48,635 --> 00:23:50,279
We'll go ahead
and get started with roll call.
324
00:23:50,303 --> 00:23:54,891
As always, one person from each facility
can just state that they are on.
325
00:23:54,975 --> 00:23:59,104
We started this weekly
system-wide seasonal flu activation call
326
00:23:59,187 --> 00:24:02,149
with all hospitals
that we have across the system,
327
00:24:02,232 --> 00:24:05,902
and the whole purpose of it is really,
as we progress with seasonal flu,
328
00:24:05,986 --> 00:24:08,321
they let us know any impact
that they're having.
329
00:24:09,114 --> 00:24:11,992
Influenza activity
is categorized as widespread.
330
00:24:12,075 --> 00:24:14,035
This is the actual first week
331
00:24:14,119 --> 00:24:16,621
that widespread activity
has been reported.
332
00:24:16,705 --> 00:24:18,248
Last year's flu season
333
00:24:18,331 --> 00:24:20,834
was one of the worst
that we've had in decades.
334
00:24:20,917 --> 00:24:24,129
A record-breaking number
of hospitalizations and deaths.
335
00:24:24,212 --> 00:24:26,214
Bellevue, any changes
to your current status?
336
00:24:26,298 --> 00:24:28,592
No changes
from the current status.
337
00:24:28,675 --> 00:24:31,845
Great. Thank you.
Coney Island, any changes?
338
00:24:31,928 --> 00:24:33,096
No changes.
339
00:24:33,180 --> 00:24:34,222
Great. Thank you.
340
00:24:34,973 --> 00:24:39,769
We started seeing impacts to staffing.
We started seeing impacts to flu supplies.
341
00:24:39,853 --> 00:24:42,230
There were shortages of Tamiflu,
342
00:24:42,314 --> 00:24:44,834
so much so that folks were coming back
to the emergency department
343
00:24:44,858 --> 00:24:48,695
asking for their children to be admitted,
because they couldn't get this medication.
344
00:24:49,362 --> 00:24:51,907
- Queens, any changes?
- No changes.
345
00:24:51,990 --> 00:24:53,074
Thank you.
346
00:24:53,158 --> 00:24:55,702
So we activated
an emergency operation center
347
00:24:55,785 --> 00:24:58,663
to really get a bird's-eye view
of what's happening system-wide
348
00:24:58,747 --> 00:25:01,387
and where we can provide the resources
and expertise that's needed.
349
00:25:01,416 --> 00:25:03,710
And Woodhull, any changes?
350
00:25:03,793 --> 00:25:07,464
Yes. We have four patients
on droplet precautions as of Monday
351
00:25:07,547 --> 00:25:08,965
and seven positive flu tests.
352
00:25:09,049 --> 00:25:11,277
All right. Excellent.
Well, thank you all so much for joining.
353
00:25:11,301 --> 00:25:13,141
We appreciate it
and we will see you next week.
354
00:25:13,178 --> 00:25:14,471
Take care, everybody.
355
00:25:14,554 --> 00:25:15,948
Part of emergency management is, you know,
356
00:25:15,972 --> 00:25:20,101
you're not just at the facilities,
but just for me also worldwide.
357
00:25:20,185 --> 00:25:23,480
Sometimes when I wake up in the morning
and I see 20 different emails,
358
00:25:23,563 --> 00:25:25,482
not just internally but also externally,
359
00:25:25,565 --> 00:25:28,252
I'm getting alerts of what's happening.
I just try to stay on top of it.
360
00:25:28,276 --> 00:25:30,278
I'm gonna pull up her info so that...
361
00:25:30,362 --> 00:25:33,031
On any given day,
it's meetings back-to-back.
362
00:25:33,114 --> 00:25:34,967
First, thank you all so much
for meeting with us,
363
00:25:34,991 --> 00:25:36,552
and then obviously,
for this collaboration...
364
00:25:36,576 --> 00:25:39,079
I typically start, you know, 8:30 or so...
365
00:25:39,162 --> 00:25:42,624
If this was a real world event,
what are some crisis standards...
366
00:25:42,707 --> 00:25:44,960
...and then go on
for the duration of the day.
367
00:25:45,043 --> 00:25:46,479
You wanna call the Department of Health.
368
00:25:46,503 --> 00:25:48,981
They will walk you through
the case definition and they will...
369
00:25:49,005 --> 00:25:52,551
This isn't Atlanta.
Anyone email back from CDC yet?
370
00:25:55,971 --> 00:25:56,971
This is Syra.
371
00:25:56,972 --> 00:25:59,057
A good chunk of my work
is actually done at night,
372
00:25:59,140 --> 00:26:01,017
so it's not surprising at all
373
00:26:01,101 --> 00:26:03,353
if you get an email from me, like,
11:00, 12:00 at night.
374
00:26:03,436 --> 00:26:05,706
- Thank you so much.
- Thank you for coming.
375
00:26:05,730 --> 00:26:07,357
I'm perfectly fine with it.
376
00:26:07,440 --> 00:26:09,960
I need to meet with these folks,
I need to see what's happening.
377
00:26:11,152 --> 00:26:14,281
The threat of special pathogens
is constantly on my mind.
378
00:26:14,364 --> 00:26:17,450
Things like MERS, SARS, Ebola, flu.
379
00:26:18,368 --> 00:26:22,455
While these outbreaks
are happening remotely in distant areas,
380
00:26:22,539 --> 00:26:26,376
we know that they're just one flight away
from coming here in the United States
381
00:26:26,459 --> 00:26:29,504
and that's exactly why I do what I do.
382
00:26:37,512 --> 00:26:39,055
What did you have for lunch today?
383
00:26:40,098 --> 00:26:42,559
It wasn't halal, but I got...
384
00:26:43,810 --> 00:26:46,521
- pasta pesto.
- Good job.
385
00:26:47,230 --> 00:26:50,275
Special pathogens
don't respect any boundaries.
386
00:26:52,068 --> 00:26:54,946
So I wanna make sure that I'm doing it
not just for my children,
387
00:26:55,030 --> 00:26:58,450
but for the greater good of humanity,
'cause we wanna make sure people are safe.
388
00:27:10,920 --> 00:27:14,924
Back in 2012, I was working
at Pfizer doing antibody engineering.
389
00:27:15,550 --> 00:27:18,219
I wasn't working on vaccines,
but I was learning a lot
390
00:27:18,303 --> 00:27:21,973
about how the populations of antibodies
respond to their targets.
391
00:27:23,058 --> 00:27:24,726
That technology really opened our eyes
392
00:27:24,809 --> 00:27:27,896
to what was really going on
when someone gets vaccinated
393
00:27:27,979 --> 00:27:30,273
or when we're trying to engineer
an antibody as a drug.
394
00:27:31,399 --> 00:27:34,027
I had a BA when I was at Pfizer,
and I got promoted every year,
395
00:27:34,110 --> 00:27:36,488
so I was a principal scientist
with a Bachelor's Degree.
396
00:27:37,155 --> 00:27:39,491
And friends of mine were...
They thought I was crazy.
397
00:27:39,574 --> 00:27:41,576
Some of them were like,
"Why are you leaving a job
398
00:27:41,660 --> 00:27:43,578
where normally you need a PhD,
and a post doc,
399
00:27:43,662 --> 00:27:45,121
and eight years of experience?"
400
00:27:45,997 --> 00:27:47,683
But I was worried if I waited
another ten years,
401
00:27:47,707 --> 00:27:50,867
I might start having children and then
I would be too scared to make a big jump.
402
00:27:51,378 --> 00:27:54,464
I definitely was like, "I could be
messing up my career right now, but..."
403
00:27:55,507 --> 00:27:59,260
I came up with this idea and I thought
it was too beautiful not to try.
404
00:28:03,264 --> 00:28:04,641
More often than not,
405
00:28:04,724 --> 00:28:07,268
startups are looking
for the quickest path to funding.
406
00:28:07,977 --> 00:28:10,980
A lot of them have
a "fake it till you make it" approach.
407
00:28:11,064 --> 00:28:12,333
Well, she was
a college dropout
408
00:28:12,357 --> 00:28:15,402
who became the youngest
self-made female billionaire.
409
00:28:16,319 --> 00:28:20,865
In 2003, then 19-year-old
Elizabeth Holmes founded Theranos
410
00:28:20,949 --> 00:28:23,326
with the hope
of using small amounts of blood
411
00:28:23,410 --> 00:28:25,662
to do what normally took numerous tubes.
412
00:28:25,745 --> 00:28:27,664
- Does it work?
- Yes.
413
00:28:28,164 --> 00:28:30,333
- You're confident in that?
- I am confident in that.
414
00:28:30,417 --> 00:28:33,962
In order to get funding,
they often have to convince investors
415
00:28:34,045 --> 00:28:36,089
about ideas
that haven't been proven out yet,
416
00:28:36,172 --> 00:28:37,215
and sometimes,
417
00:28:37,298 --> 00:28:40,927
they do not have sound science
to back up their plans.
418
00:28:41,010 --> 00:28:43,304
The company faces new investigations
419
00:28:43,388 --> 00:28:45,068
from the Securities
and Exchange Commission
420
00:28:45,098 --> 00:28:47,934
and a US attorney's office in California.
421
00:28:48,017 --> 00:28:50,019
That's in addition to an ongoing probe
422
00:28:50,103 --> 00:28:52,105
by the centers for Medicare
and Medicaid services.
423
00:28:52,188 --> 00:28:54,607
In bio tech, you need time
424
00:28:54,691 --> 00:28:57,569
to cultivate your credibility
and your science.
425
00:28:58,236 --> 00:28:59,571
on top of those plans.
426
00:28:59,654 --> 00:29:03,283
Now Elizabeth Holmes is
facing some pretty serious prison time.
427
00:29:03,366 --> 00:29:05,177
Holmes
and the company's former president
428
00:29:05,201 --> 00:29:08,663
were indicted yesterday
on federal wire fraud charges.
429
00:29:08,747 --> 00:29:12,459
So, eventually,
some of these companies realize
430
00:29:12,542 --> 00:29:14,169
that the hype that they're built on
431
00:29:14,252 --> 00:29:17,797
is not enough to support their quest
for the almighty dollar.
432
00:29:19,924 --> 00:29:23,094
There are a million reasons
why an experiment can fail.
433
00:29:23,178 --> 00:29:26,347
Ultimately, all that matters
is what the data says,
434
00:29:26,431 --> 00:29:29,434
and so far, our data is very promising.
435
00:29:30,101 --> 00:29:31,352
All righty.
436
00:29:31,853 --> 00:29:34,856
Our goal here is that we want
to enable the world
437
00:29:34,939 --> 00:29:36,733
to have access to our vaccines.
438
00:29:36,816 --> 00:29:38,151
All the world...
439
00:29:39,819 --> 00:29:41,529
including people who can't afford it.
440
00:29:41,613 --> 00:29:44,866
That's obviously low on the list
for investors.
441
00:29:45,700 --> 00:29:46,951
When you take venture capital,
442
00:29:47,035 --> 00:29:50,580
you either lose control of your company
or you lose control of your vision.
443
00:29:52,123 --> 00:29:54,667
Right now, we are funding this.
444
00:29:54,751 --> 00:29:57,879
Everything up until this point
has been out of our own pockets.
445
00:29:59,839 --> 00:30:01,424
We should not have been able to beat
446
00:30:01,508 --> 00:30:03,948
major pharmaceutical companies
who have way more money than us
447
00:30:04,010 --> 00:30:05,595
and have way more people than us.
448
00:30:05,678 --> 00:30:08,973
But my experience in big pharmas
is they typically move very slow
449
00:30:09,057 --> 00:30:10,642
and they're risk averse.
450
00:30:10,725 --> 00:30:12,811
And so, there actually
aren't that many people
451
00:30:12,894 --> 00:30:14,896
as you might think
working on new techniques.
452
00:30:14,979 --> 00:30:17,565
So that's worked to our advantage,
but eventually,
453
00:30:17,649 --> 00:30:20,276
we are going to need
to get this vaccine into human trials.
454
00:30:22,028 --> 00:30:25,365
And we are not going to be able
to fund that by ourselves.
455
00:30:44,968 --> 00:30:47,679
Goochi, dear son...
456
00:30:48,638 --> 00:30:50,390
Wake up, it's seven o'clock.
457
00:30:54,686 --> 00:30:58,481
It's been 15 years since I received my MD.
458
00:31:02,652 --> 00:31:06,489
It was my family's dream
to have a doctor in the family.
459
00:31:08,408 --> 00:31:10,827
We are seven sons in the family.
460
00:31:11,411 --> 00:31:14,706
They thought the first one
would become a doctor, he didn't.
461
00:31:15,331 --> 00:31:16,916
Second, third, fourth...
462
00:31:17,458 --> 00:31:20,169
When it came to me, the fifth,
they found some hope.
463
00:31:22,297 --> 00:31:24,048
Papa, your phone is ringing.
464
00:31:28,636 --> 00:31:30,805
Hello. Just getting ready.
465
00:31:32,223 --> 00:31:33,892
Okay, okay, bye.
466
00:31:33,975 --> 00:31:35,310
Come on, son.
467
00:31:38,313 --> 00:31:42,358
I don't know
why they felt that I could become one.
468
00:31:44,694 --> 00:31:46,362
I used to be poor in studies.
469
00:31:47,322 --> 00:31:48,907
That is the truth.
470
00:31:50,158 --> 00:31:53,786
But they knew that what little I studied,
I did it with all my heart.
471
00:31:59,751 --> 00:32:02,670
I'm not in this profession for money.
472
00:32:05,006 --> 00:32:07,175
I am extremely passionate
about this cause.
473
00:32:27,278 --> 00:32:29,155
Yes, Nisha, how are you?
474
00:32:30,281 --> 00:32:32,200
Tell me this.
475
00:32:32,283 --> 00:32:34,994
When we admitted you to emergency
three days back,
476
00:32:35,078 --> 00:32:36,579
when you'd came here from Sikar...
477
00:32:36,663 --> 00:32:38,957
how different
are you feeling since then?
478
00:32:39,958 --> 00:32:41,459
A little bit.
479
00:32:49,592 --> 00:32:52,428
The problem was going on
for 15 days.
480
00:32:53,930 --> 00:32:57,183
We admitted her
into a hospital in our area.
481
00:32:58,059 --> 00:33:00,979
But it's not a big city,
most of the people are from the villages.
482
00:33:01,062 --> 00:33:02,271
They are villagers,
483
00:33:02,355 --> 00:33:04,607
so not many people there know about this.
484
00:33:04,691 --> 00:33:10,780
Even the doctors don't know about H1N1.
So they didn't test her for this.
485
00:33:13,199 --> 00:33:18,204
No one realized that it would become
such a serious disease.
486
00:33:22,417 --> 00:33:25,962
The patient is not responding
up to the mark which I want.
487
00:33:32,010 --> 00:33:33,130
The problem is...
488
00:33:34,387 --> 00:33:37,849
there are no facilities
in the outlying areas.
489
00:33:41,102 --> 00:33:43,855
When they become seriously ill,
they head for the cities.
490
00:33:43,938 --> 00:33:45,690
It is too late by then.
491
00:33:49,068 --> 00:33:52,238
Any patient
who had immunity low
492
00:33:52,321 --> 00:33:55,074
is a culprit for swine flu...
493
00:33:55,783 --> 00:33:57,201
in dangerous form.
494
00:33:57,285 --> 00:33:58,285
Child...
495
00:33:59,078 --> 00:34:01,831
pregnant woman, old age.
496
00:34:02,415 --> 00:34:04,333
A patient with diabetes.
497
00:34:05,001 --> 00:34:07,086
A patient with kidney disease.
498
00:34:21,642 --> 00:34:23,202
What's troubling you?
499
00:34:23,269 --> 00:34:24,520
I'm tired.
500
00:34:24,604 --> 00:34:28,816
- What are you tired of?
- I'm really tired.
501
00:34:38,576 --> 00:34:41,096
Generally,
we Indians think it's a small cough,
502
00:34:41,120 --> 00:34:44,707
all you should do is take honey,
lemon, turmeric and it goes away.
503
00:34:44,791 --> 00:34:48,211
But seems like it was something
very different this time.
504
00:34:49,670 --> 00:34:51,339
Nobody realized it was swine flu.
505
00:34:53,716 --> 00:34:55,716
So, now the condition is guarded.
506
00:34:56,010 --> 00:34:58,054
I won't say it's good.
507
00:34:58,846 --> 00:35:00,866
His kidney and heart
have also become weaker...
508
00:35:00,890 --> 00:35:02,475
Right, right.
509
00:35:02,558 --> 00:35:04,435
We will assume
the situation is now serious.
510
00:35:04,519 --> 00:35:06,979
Until and unless he's in ICU,
he's critical.
511
00:35:09,565 --> 00:35:12,902
At this point of time,
lungs have infection,
512
00:35:12,985 --> 00:35:15,822
kidneys are not working,
heart is under constant pressure.
513
00:35:16,572 --> 00:35:18,908
So, if these three vital organs
are not working...
514
00:35:18,991 --> 00:35:20,910
I mean, it's really difficult.
515
00:35:20,993 --> 00:35:23,412
That's why, whatever happens,
I'm outside always,
516
00:35:23,496 --> 00:35:27,083
so he feels good about it,
that there's someone who's taking care.
517
00:35:27,792 --> 00:35:31,087
I have to stay here, there's no one else.
I don't have a brother or a sister.
518
00:35:31,921 --> 00:35:34,006
I'm all alone, so I have to be here.
519
00:35:35,716 --> 00:35:38,302
He's an old kind of man,
"I want to go home,
520
00:35:38,386 --> 00:35:40,513
I want to take a walk in the garden."
521
00:35:40,596 --> 00:35:42,056
You know, do stuff like that.
522
00:35:42,140 --> 00:35:45,268
I said, "Yes, you will be able to,
but just have some time off.
523
00:35:45,351 --> 00:35:47,061
Just relax...
524
00:35:47,145 --> 00:35:49,772
and soon you will be able to do
all of those."
525
00:35:51,524 --> 00:35:54,068
As long as it takes, I will be here.
526
00:36:06,998 --> 00:36:08,541
Take if off upstairs.
527
00:36:08,624 --> 00:36:10,793
Why you have a Band-Aid right here?
528
00:36:10,877 --> 00:36:13,838
- Because I got hurt.
- How'd you get hurt?
529
00:36:13,921 --> 00:36:16,299
- I was bleeding.
- In school?
530
00:36:16,382 --> 00:36:18,801
No, at home.
531
00:36:18,885 --> 00:36:23,764
Okay, go upstairs. I'll help you upstairs.
You can't... no. We can't do it over here.
532
00:36:24,265 --> 00:36:26,934
Go upstairs. Just go upstairs.
I'll put your clothes on upstairs.
533
00:36:29,145 --> 00:36:31,480
Amar, what are you doing?
534
00:36:31,564 --> 00:36:33,983
I have a three-year-old
and I have a five-year-old.
535
00:36:34,066 --> 00:36:35,066
No hitting.
536
00:36:35,109 --> 00:36:36,235
It never stops.
537
00:36:38,905 --> 00:36:40,907
There are some days
that are better than others
538
00:36:40,990 --> 00:36:42,950
in terms of just how I can handle it.
539
00:36:43,034 --> 00:36:45,119
What happened? What happened?
540
00:36:45,203 --> 00:36:47,923
Why don't you build something?
You guys wanna build something?
541
00:36:48,247 --> 00:36:49,540
So help me build.
542
00:36:50,666 --> 00:36:53,836
And then there's other days
where I'm just super exhausted,
543
00:36:53,920 --> 00:36:56,672
'cause it's just been a really long
or a rough day.
544
00:36:57,673 --> 00:37:00,676
Sometimes I actually put the kids down
a little earlier than I need to
545
00:37:00,760 --> 00:37:02,887
so I can just relax.
546
00:37:04,597 --> 00:37:06,182
- Mommy.
- Yes.
547
00:37:08,476 --> 00:37:09,685
What are you doing?
548
00:37:11,187 --> 00:37:13,481
- Mommy, look at me.
- Yes.
549
00:37:15,650 --> 00:37:18,736
I actually don't tell them
exactly what I do
550
00:37:18,819 --> 00:37:22,740
and I try not to also share that
with school friends or mommies,
551
00:37:22,823 --> 00:37:26,160
'cause people's fear factor kicks in first
before logic.
552
00:37:26,244 --> 00:37:30,414
If they think I had any remote
kind of contact with disease,
553
00:37:30,498 --> 00:37:33,125
it's like, "Don't touch me,
don't come near me."
554
00:37:35,169 --> 00:37:37,713
I do this because I have a passion for it.
555
00:37:39,048 --> 00:37:41,467
I started to work
in the field of bio defense,
556
00:37:41,550 --> 00:37:45,763
I did some work with FBI
related to bio defense.
557
00:37:46,347 --> 00:37:48,015
My Master's thesis was on Ebola
558
00:37:48,099 --> 00:37:53,104
and then the bio threat team
that I was part of in 2014
559
00:37:53,187 --> 00:37:55,606
at the Texas Department
of State Health Services,
560
00:37:55,690 --> 00:37:59,110
was the team that did diagnose
the very first patient.
561
00:37:59,610 --> 00:38:01,696
The patient admitted
to this hospital
562
00:38:01,779 --> 00:38:04,824
has tested positive for Ebola virus
563
00:38:04,907 --> 00:38:08,744
and we're taking every step possible
to manage this situation.
564
00:38:08,828 --> 00:38:10,705
No one thought at that time
565
00:38:10,788 --> 00:38:13,708
that this would ever reach
the shores of the United States,
566
00:38:13,791 --> 00:38:18,337
and so, there was no active monitoring
or active screening in place.
567
00:38:18,421 --> 00:38:20,261
While caring
for the first patient
568
00:38:20,298 --> 00:38:21,738
to test positive for the Ebola virus
569
00:38:21,799 --> 00:38:25,094
in US soil, a Dallas nurse
contracted the disease.
570
00:38:25,177 --> 00:38:27,346
And then a number of questions then arose
571
00:38:27,430 --> 00:38:30,391
of are all hospitals
in the United States equipped
572
00:38:30,474 --> 00:38:32,476
and able to identify patients
573
00:38:32,560 --> 00:38:35,271
suspected with these types
of special pathogens.
574
00:38:36,063 --> 00:38:37,148
Amar, I'm proud of you...
575
00:38:37,231 --> 00:38:40,735
For me, I wanna make sure
from a healthcare delivery standpoint
576
00:38:40,818 --> 00:38:43,797
whether this patient's coming in with
Ebola virus disease or a pandemic flu,
577
00:38:43,821 --> 00:38:46,782
they have the resources
to identify these patients.
578
00:38:47,491 --> 00:38:50,703
- I want to read the night squirrel.
- Okay.
579
00:38:50,786 --> 00:38:53,346
All right, how about I read Hassan's first
and then I read yours.
580
00:38:53,414 --> 00:38:55,334
Okay, which one should I read
in the superheroes?
581
00:38:56,709 --> 00:38:59,420
When I was
part of the Ebola response team,
582
00:38:59,503 --> 00:39:01,756
we had an appreciation ceremony.
583
00:39:02,340 --> 00:39:04,425
I remember on the card someone wrote that,
584
00:39:04,508 --> 00:39:06,594
"When everybody
was running away from this,
585
00:39:06,677 --> 00:39:08,077
you ran towards it. Are you crazy?"
586
00:39:08,137 --> 00:39:09,430
Like, "Ha, ha, ha."
587
00:39:09,513 --> 00:39:11,223
But I think for me,
588
00:39:11,307 --> 00:39:14,602
it really translates
into helping those around me.
589
00:39:14,685 --> 00:39:16,145
He's saying to stop.
590
00:39:16,228 --> 00:39:19,190
This kid is bullying her.
That's not nice to bully, right?
591
00:39:19,857 --> 00:39:21,901
And yes, I may be putting myself
in harm's way,
592
00:39:21,984 --> 00:39:25,988
but this is something
that I have knowledge of
593
00:39:26,072 --> 00:39:27,448
and why wouldn't I do that?
594
00:39:28,282 --> 00:39:32,119
"Whatever had changed him
in that gamma ray accident must have..."
595
00:39:38,501 --> 00:39:40,961
These threats are never going to stop...
596
00:39:42,254 --> 00:39:46,842
and we need to do something about it,
and that something is now.
597
00:39:46,926 --> 00:39:51,764
So, I have an upwards of ten projects
happening at any given time.
598
00:39:53,766 --> 00:39:57,019
I feel like there's so much more
that needs to be done.
599
00:39:59,021 --> 00:40:00,457
- Shall we cheers?- Yeah, let's cheers.
600
00:40:00,481 --> 00:40:02,161
- Start off with...
- Cheers.
601
00:40:03,067 --> 00:40:04,025
In the book, I read
602
00:40:04,026 --> 00:40:05,379
you're supposed to make
eye contact with everyone.
603
00:40:06,362 --> 00:40:08,739
- I did, I read the book.
- What?
604
00:40:09,532 --> 00:40:11,385
We haven't been eating
very much of the food.
605
00:40:11,409 --> 00:40:13,077
You guys need to do a better job.
606
00:40:13,160 --> 00:40:15,889
Sometimes, when I get home from work,
I don't wanna follow recipes anymore.
607
00:40:15,913 --> 00:40:17,766
I'm just like, "Fuck it.
I follow protocols all day."
608
00:40:17,790 --> 00:40:20,751
I just wanna make some stuff up
and see what happens.
609
00:40:21,544 --> 00:40:23,230
This is basically
what you've been working on
610
00:40:23,254 --> 00:40:25,464
the entire time we've known you, then.
611
00:40:25,548 --> 00:40:29,802
Yeah, and we could have
a human vaccine ready by 2025.
612
00:40:29,885 --> 00:40:31,965
We just need the money,
'cause the ferret study alone
613
00:40:32,012 --> 00:40:33,556
is like over a million dollars.
614
00:40:34,181 --> 00:40:36,100
Have you thought
about crowd funding?
615
00:40:36,183 --> 00:40:37,643
I have not thought about it.
616
00:40:37,726 --> 00:40:41,522
My understanding was that crowd funding
doesn't get you that much money,
617
00:40:41,605 --> 00:40:43,399
but maybe I'm wrong.
618
00:40:43,482 --> 00:40:46,082
There's a lot of people in the world
that are affected by the flu.
619
00:40:46,777 --> 00:40:48,404
- Yeah.
- That's true.
620
00:40:50,156 --> 00:40:52,533
The thing is, for flu,
we really haven't seen anything
621
00:40:52,616 --> 00:40:55,411
in our lifetimes,
or in our parents' lifetimes,
622
00:40:55,494 --> 00:40:58,789
or even in our grandparents',
but the next flu pandemic is...
623
00:40:59,373 --> 00:41:00,833
probably on the horizon.
624
00:41:00,916 --> 00:41:03,002
We don't know if it will happen to us
or our kids,
625
00:41:03,085 --> 00:41:04,962
but it will eventually happen.
626
00:41:05,045 --> 00:41:08,340
It's scary 'cause in 1918,
627
00:41:08,424 --> 00:41:12,303
it killed over 50 million people,
but we didn't even have planes,
628
00:41:12,386 --> 00:41:13,738
and we didn't have people traveling
629
00:41:13,762 --> 00:41:15,973
from Asia to North America
on a daily basis,
630
00:41:16,056 --> 00:41:17,308
we didn't have factory farms
631
00:41:17,391 --> 00:41:19,685
with thousands of pigs
and thousands of chickens.
632
00:41:19,768 --> 00:41:21,020
But now we do.
633
00:41:21,103 --> 00:41:23,856
So, it could be
hundreds of millions of people
634
00:41:23,939 --> 00:41:25,483
that would die from the next pandemic
635
00:41:25,566 --> 00:41:29,361
if it were as contagious
as the H1N1 in 1918.
636
00:41:31,530 --> 00:41:33,115
Anyone want more wine?
637
00:41:35,284 --> 00:41:36,744
No.
638
00:41:37,244 --> 00:41:40,122
You said it was two million dollars.
639
00:41:40,206 --> 00:41:41,916
- That's all you guys need?
- Yeah.
640
00:41:41,999 --> 00:41:43,584
Robyn can send that to you.
641
00:41:44,376 --> 00:41:48,005
- No, I don't. I'm just saying...
- I got my checkbook.
642
00:41:48,088 --> 00:41:51,842
So, my company just announced
our Series D yesterday.
643
00:41:51,926 --> 00:41:53,606
- Yeah.
- We got a billion dollars.
644
00:41:53,636 --> 00:41:57,014
- Holy shit.
- A billion dollars, like, "Okay."
645
00:41:57,097 --> 00:42:00,017
We wanna maintain full ownership,
so we have to get government grants,
646
00:42:00,100 --> 00:42:01,727
or like...
647
00:42:01,810 --> 00:42:04,730
non-profit foundation grants,
like through the Gates Foundation.
648
00:42:04,813 --> 00:42:06,774
So, you partnered
with this foundation,
649
00:42:06,857 --> 00:42:08,817
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation,
650
00:42:08,901 --> 00:42:10,653
- and they said yes?
- Yeah, well, we...
651
00:42:10,736 --> 00:42:13,989
We applied for a grant
and we've been waiting to hear back.
652
00:42:16,325 --> 00:42:19,537
Epidemiologists show through their models
653
00:42:19,620 --> 00:42:23,832
that a respiratory-spread pathogen would
kill more than 30 million people
654
00:42:23,916 --> 00:42:25,751
in less than a year.
655
00:42:25,834 --> 00:42:29,255
And there is a reasonable probability
of that taking place.
656
00:42:30,339 --> 00:42:32,758
Research into
a universal flu vaccine
657
00:42:32,841 --> 00:42:35,219
just got a big boost,
thanks to Bill Gates.
658
00:42:35,302 --> 00:42:39,181
The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
is partnering with the CEO of Alphabet
659
00:42:39,265 --> 00:42:41,892
to establish a $12 million fund
for research
660
00:42:41,976 --> 00:42:44,395
into a universal flu vaccine.
661
00:42:44,478 --> 00:42:46,355
He says the vaccine is needed
to help combat
662
00:42:46,438 --> 00:42:48,691
possible future pandemics.
663
00:42:49,775 --> 00:42:53,779
The Gates Foundation has an amazing record
trying to help global populations...
664
00:42:54,363 --> 00:42:57,324
and they would enable communities
that can't pay for it
665
00:42:57,408 --> 00:42:58,909
to be able to be beneficiaries.
666
00:43:01,036 --> 00:43:04,748
I am trying not to sit on pins and needles
to wait to hear the results.
667
00:43:05,708 --> 00:43:08,460
It's cool stuff, so I think
they're really interested in it.
668
00:43:08,544 --> 00:43:10,087
It's just...
669
00:43:10,170 --> 00:43:12,172
It's taking a long time to hear back.
670
00:43:12,965 --> 00:43:15,525
- Should we cheers?
- Yeah, let's cheers again.
671
00:43:33,319 --> 00:43:35,529
Jefferson County Hospital,
how can I help you?
672
00:43:35,613 --> 00:43:38,115
I'm just answering the phone
'cause all my girls are...
673
00:43:38,198 --> 00:43:39,658
They've got their hands busy.
674
00:43:51,879 --> 00:43:53,797
So, Jefferson County Hospital,
where I work,
675
00:43:53,881 --> 00:43:56,175
is in a rural setting.
676
00:43:57,259 --> 00:44:00,679
We have about eight to nine thousand
people in the county.
677
00:44:02,514 --> 00:44:05,184
Their access to healthcare is limited.
678
00:44:05,726 --> 00:44:10,272
The closest other hospital
is 35 to 40 minutes away.
679
00:44:13,817 --> 00:44:16,820
Any barrier to care
and care gets lessened.
680
00:44:18,113 --> 00:44:21,825
And if you have to travel an hour
to get healthcare,
681
00:44:21,909 --> 00:44:24,286
people are gonna say, "I'd rather not."
682
00:44:25,704 --> 00:44:27,831
Do you wanna play
the ring toss game with me?
683
00:44:27,915 --> 00:44:30,125
- Why not?
- They're gonna get me right here.
684
00:44:30,209 --> 00:44:31,502
No, listen, listen, listen.
685
00:44:31,585 --> 00:44:33,688
It's gonna feel just like a little pinch,
just like that.
686
00:44:37,091 --> 00:44:39,635
I don't want a shot! I don't want a shot!
687
00:44:39,718 --> 00:44:40,737
I will... I will...
688
00:44:40,761 --> 00:44:45,641
When October, November come,
then I begin to think, "Okay, here we go."
689
00:44:45,724 --> 00:44:48,769
We're gonna be busier
and we're gonna be having sicker patients.
690
00:44:49,603 --> 00:44:51,081
Okay, let's got see
what they gotta do.
691
00:44:51,105 --> 00:44:53,291
- I don't want any shot.
- You're not getting any shots
692
00:44:53,315 --> 00:44:55,442
or no pinches. I promise, okay?
693
00:44:55,526 --> 00:44:58,862
- You have a seat and wait for Mommy...
- I don't want to...
694
00:44:58,946 --> 00:45:01,281
By the 13th of January last year,
695
00:45:01,365 --> 00:45:04,702
we'd already had over 70 Oklahomans
that had passed away from the flu.
696
00:45:05,994 --> 00:45:07,663
Seventy people.
697
00:45:07,746 --> 00:45:11,959
That is a lot of folks that died
from an illness that could be prevented
698
00:45:12,042 --> 00:45:16,171
with a vaccine or that could be prevented
with good hand hygiene
699
00:45:16,255 --> 00:45:19,383
or if the patient knew to come in earlier
700
00:45:19,466 --> 00:45:22,886
and they didn't just say,
"Well, I just have the flu."
701
00:45:22,970 --> 00:45:26,014
And then they die from "just the flu."
That's just tragic.
702
00:45:26,098 --> 00:45:28,600
- Stop!
- I don't wanna get a shot!
703
00:45:32,146 --> 00:45:35,232
I know.
Do I look somebody that will hurt you?
704
00:45:35,733 --> 00:45:38,777
- I really don't want a shot!
- I know. I know.
705
00:45:39,570 --> 00:45:41,780
You ready for it, you want us
to do it, momma?
706
00:45:41,864 --> 00:45:43,490
- Thank you, doctor.
- Uh-huh.
707
00:45:44,158 --> 00:45:46,827
Going into the flu season this year,
708
00:45:46,910 --> 00:45:49,997
what I have in my mind is,
"It's gonna be like last year."
709
00:45:50,080 --> 00:45:54,251
The CDC is calling this
the worst flu outbreak in eight years
710
00:45:54,334 --> 00:45:56,462
and if you've had the flu already,
711
00:45:56,545 --> 00:45:59,173
guess what, there's a good chance
you could get it again.
712
00:45:59,256 --> 00:46:01,484
Can you believe that?
We are nearing record breaking numbers
713
00:46:01,508 --> 00:46:03,695
in the state of Oklahoma
when it comes to flu-related deaths.
714
00:46:06,180 --> 00:46:07,765
- On that side? Okay.
- Mmm-hmm.
715
00:46:08,348 --> 00:46:12,311
Even one death in a tiny town
like ours is a pretty big deal.
716
00:46:12,394 --> 00:46:14,188
Take another deep breath.
717
00:46:16,774 --> 00:46:20,235
I don't want to lose a patient to the flu.
718
00:46:50,766 --> 00:46:52,017
Sit up, ma'am.
719
00:46:57,606 --> 00:47:00,025
Are you feeling good overall?
720
00:47:00,692 --> 00:47:03,487
See, your oxygen requirement...
721
00:47:03,570 --> 00:47:05,381
- Was this connected last night?
- No, sir.
722
00:47:05,405 --> 00:47:06,406
It wasn't connected.
723
00:47:06,490 --> 00:47:08,092
The ventilator was
not connected all night.
724
00:47:08,116 --> 00:47:10,160
Before, you couldn't stay without it
at night.
725
00:47:10,244 --> 00:47:11,662
There was no need for it now.
726
00:47:11,745 --> 00:47:15,249
Oxygen was running at ten liters before,
now it is at one liter.
727
00:47:15,332 --> 00:47:18,126
I don't think you have
any problem breathing now.
728
00:47:18,210 --> 00:47:20,379
How much less is your coughing
than before?
729
00:47:22,130 --> 00:47:23,757
- Huh?
- I only cough at night.
730
00:47:23,841 --> 00:47:27,302
Only at night, just a little,
but not as much as before.
731
00:47:27,386 --> 00:47:29,388
Do you want to shift into a ward today?
732
00:47:30,138 --> 00:47:32,391
You are getting bored here
all by yourself.
733
00:47:32,474 --> 00:47:36,728
In the ward, you will talk to others,
converse with them, you will not be bored.
734
00:47:39,815 --> 00:47:41,483
We are shifting her to the ward.
735
00:47:41,567 --> 00:47:43,986
Now, there is no requirement of ICU.
736
00:47:44,069 --> 00:47:46,655
If God will feel so,
she will be home in one to two days.
737
00:47:54,079 --> 00:48:00,711
I feel a great joy easing
the suffering of others.
738
00:48:02,588 --> 00:48:05,424
If I can save a patient's life,
739
00:48:05,507 --> 00:48:08,302
and if I bring tears of joy
to their mother,
740
00:48:08,385 --> 00:48:12,222
that is the most priceless thing for me.
741
00:48:26,486 --> 00:48:28,155
But these are complicated cases...
742
00:48:29,615 --> 00:48:32,326
When the body
is not responding to any treatment.
743
00:49:04,191 --> 00:49:06,652
Often, in the 15 years
of my professional life...
744
00:49:08,153 --> 00:49:10,405
when a patient of mine did not survive...
745
00:49:11,782 --> 00:49:13,742
I have wept for them.
746
00:49:16,286 --> 00:49:21,083
The sadness I feel when I lose a patient
is more than the happiness of saving ten.
747
00:49:29,174 --> 00:49:30,174
Hello.
748
00:49:32,177 --> 00:49:36,223
I never switch off my mobile
for even a second in 24 hours.
749
00:49:37,891 --> 00:49:39,309
Never.
750
00:49:40,310 --> 00:49:43,030
Only a person who has lost
a patient will understand this.
751
00:49:43,855 --> 00:49:47,067
Even if others don't like it,
including my wife,
752
00:49:47,150 --> 00:49:49,027
or my kids, I don't care.
753
00:49:55,367 --> 00:49:57,869
There is still no respite from swine flu.
754
00:49:59,788 --> 00:50:03,417
Alarming rise
in the number of swine flu cases.
755
00:50:03,500 --> 00:50:07,129
Over 9,000 people have tested positive
for swine flu across India
756
00:50:07,212 --> 00:50:09,423
with 86 casualties last week.
757
00:50:09,506 --> 00:50:12,676
The death toll has now jumped to 312.
758
00:50:12,759 --> 00:50:15,804
The numbers are staggering,
over 9,000 people are affected,
759
00:50:15,887 --> 00:50:18,432
which means that once it reaches
that level again,
760
00:50:18,515 --> 00:50:20,934
the spread will be that much faster.
761
00:50:21,560 --> 00:50:26,398
According to the CDC,
last flu season killed 180 children.
762
00:50:26,982 --> 00:50:29,776
One of the worst flu seasons
in recent memory,
763
00:50:29,860 --> 00:50:33,071
this new season
ushers in one big question.
764
00:50:33,155 --> 00:50:35,073
Are we in for a repeat?
765
00:50:35,157 --> 00:50:38,827
And everything indicates
that this upcoming flu season,
766
00:50:38,910 --> 00:50:41,329
it's gonna be worse than usual.
767
00:50:41,413 --> 00:50:43,457
As we've seen
various flu scares,
768
00:50:43,540 --> 00:50:45,584
we haven't had a super good response.
769
00:50:46,626 --> 00:50:49,755
And it's pretty surprising how little
preparedness there is for it.
770
00:50:51,465 --> 00:50:55,677
Fortunately, there's some amazing people
who dedicate their life to this.
771
00:50:56,845 --> 00:51:00,098
Like all global problems,
it's not easy to solve.
772
00:51:00,182 --> 00:51:04,853
But this is the greatest risk,
and we're not ready.
772
00:51:05,305 --> 00:51:11,778
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