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[car door closes]
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[car door closes]
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[indistinct chatter]
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To walk, I think we'll go on low setting.
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We may end up surveying both, but...
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[woman] Yeah.
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[Dennis] This site is a forgotten place.
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But it should be a warning to us all.
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[man] We'll identify the anomalies
and mark those out.
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So you're trying to narrow
the focus of the radar pulse, is that it?
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[man] Yeah, we're looking for a change
in the density of the soil.
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[machine beeping]
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[man] There are some anomalies
sort of popping up.
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This is a pretty strong one here,
there's one there.
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At one meter in and then over at three.
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[Dennis] Each stake
represents a probable body.
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This is essentially a mass grave.
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A hundred years ago,
a deadly influenza virus
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infected hundreds of millions of people
around the world.
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It overwhelmed hospitals.
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It overwhelmed mortuaries.
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So towns all over the world
needed a quick solution.
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We could be standing
in any number of towns
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across the US, or Kenya, India, Vietnam.
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This grave site is a reminder
of the devastation
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a flu pandemic can wreak.
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This kind of carnage
is not relegated to history.
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When we talk about
another flu pandemic happening,
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00:03:01,264 --> 00:03:04,894
it's not a matter of if, but when.
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-[helicopter hovering]
-[sirens blaring]
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[woman coughing]
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-[man] Take the stethoscope, and...
-[Syra] Yes, ensure that the gown covers.
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We have received reports
of an outbreak of respiratory illness.
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Make sure you have a good seal.
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Give me a thumbs up
once you know you have a good seal.
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About eight other countries
around the world
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are also reporting similar outbreaks.
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-[woman] I can't breathe.
-[man speaking indistinctly]
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[coughing]
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[Syra] Unofficial case count
is about over 220 with eight deaths.
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We don't know
what the case definition looks like
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and we don't know the laboratory analysis
of this particular outbreak.
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[coughing]
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We know that we are dealing
with something novel,
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we just don't know
exactly what we're dealing with,
46
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but some of the patients
are not testing positive
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for these normal seasonal flu viruses.
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[coughs] I don't feel okay.
49
00:04:03,910 --> 00:04:06,500
[Syra] Currently, the Emergency
Department at Kings County Hospital
50
00:04:06,579 --> 00:04:08,369
is operating at 104%
51
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and so we have set up
a mobile satellite emergency department.
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[doctor] What's going on?
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-I'm not doing well. I can't breathe.
-[doctor] Okay. Okay.
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[Syra] I need intubation equipment.
There's no intubation equipment.
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[machine beeping]
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[Syra] Somebody get the ice. Ashley.
57
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I wouldn't turn it off at this point,
I don't think we have time.
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Can you check the X-ray on bed one?
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[buzzing]
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[man] Yeah, that's it.
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[woman] The simulation is ended.
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Let's go back to the debriefing room.
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-Thank you.
-[man] Thank you.
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[indistinct chatter]
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[Syra] So all who participated,
please come to make a circle.
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I think one of the things
that we tried to bake into the simulation
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was just healthcare worker safety.
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I think that was one of the biggest
takeaways in the previous outbreaks.
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[woman] If I have to take the time out
to switch my gown
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and someone needs to be intubated,
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I'm gonna pick their life
over switching out my garment.
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00:05:15,857 --> 00:05:17,937
We're talking about
a severe respiratory disease.
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Really big lesson learned,
and we mentioned this over and over,
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is that healthcare workers
were disproportionally affected
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in MERS and SARS,
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and it shows us
where we need to improve on.
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So if you're not protected,
if you can't protect yourself,
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then how are you gonna help others?
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[Syra] My job is to contain the virus
here in New York City.
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What worries me is that it just takes
one person to start an outbreak.
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We're basically human incubators,
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we can host
a number of different diseases.
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It's just a matter of time
where the next pandemic is going to start,
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we just don't know where or how,
but we know it will.
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I remember, at a very young age,
watching a movie called Outbreak,
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00:06:03,780 --> 00:06:07,330
and in this movie you had a novel virus
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that started in California
that quickly spread.
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Healthcare workers get suited up,
and I was like, "Oh, my God,
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working in that high-risk environment,
this is amazing."
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That was a formative moment for me,
and I have been pursuing a career
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in infectious disease preparedness
ever since.
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In even a small outbreak,
you have what we call "hoarding."
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We saw this in the H1N1 outbreak
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where vaccines were not made available
in the United States
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in a timely fashion
because countries were hoarding it...
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You know,
these infectious disease outbreaks
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are scarier and more deadly
than conventional warfare.
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[Syra continues indistinctly]
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So this is something
that people should pay attention to,
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but they forget in their day-to-day lives.
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My job is to remind them.
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[telephone ringing]
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Hello.
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Okay. Knocked out, okay.
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Okay, I'll be there in a second. Okay.
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[man speaking indistinctly]
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Yeah, I can hear it, too.
108
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[Holly] I wake up in this building.
I eat in this building.
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I put my pajamas on in this building
and I sleep in this building.
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[Juanita] How did I know
you'd be the one to make my night?
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I'm telling you.
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[Holly] Juanita.
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When I came out of medical school...
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in the back of my mind
I still had that vision
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00:08:05,151 --> 00:08:07,321
of what it was to be a small-town doctor.
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Very old-school, the one doctor in town.
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I want you to hold your breath.
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Big deep breath in and hold it.
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They saw patients in the clinic,
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00:08:21,167 --> 00:08:23,877
they were the ones
that were rotating through the ER.
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They were the ones
seeing the patients in the hospital
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and delivering babies.
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I wanted to be that guy.
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I wanted to be that one
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who took care of the patient
when they were well
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and took care of the patient
when they were sick.
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-Stick it out and say, "Ah."
-Ah.
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[Holly] And took care of the patient
when they were hurt
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and ran into the patient
in different social situations
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outside of the hospital or clinic.
131
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You okay?
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-I need to see what's under there.
-Yeah.
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[Holly] I had other physicians
that talked to me
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and I'd say,
"What advice do you have for me?"
135
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And they'd say, "Reconsider."
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But nobody could dissuade me.
I was gonna do it regardless.
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00:09:04,460 --> 00:09:05,340
Hi, there.
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00:09:05,419 --> 00:09:07,799
-So were you diagnosed with the flu?
-[woman] Yeah.
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00:09:07,880 --> 00:09:08,760
[Holly] They swabbed you?
140
00:09:08,839 --> 00:09:10,089
-It was positive?
-[woman] Yes.
141
00:09:10,174 --> 00:09:12,724
-Do you remember if it was the A or the B?
-[woman] I think it was the A.
142
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-[Holly] A, okay.
-They did both of our noses.
143
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-That was Wednesday.
-[Holly] You should be at the end of it,
144
00:09:16,806 --> 00:09:18,016
but you're not feeling better--
145
00:09:18,099 --> 00:09:21,889
[woman] Yesterday, my symptoms
started getting worse.
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00:09:21,978 --> 00:09:24,188
[Holly] Okay. Have you been feeling
sweats, chills?
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[woman] Chills. He wakes up in a sweat.
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[man groans]
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[Holly] She said that you have
not been feeling well at all.
150
00:09:30,611 --> 00:09:32,701
That you really haven't been
getting over the flu like you ought to.
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Big deep breath in. Well done. Good.
Do that again.
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00:09:39,745 --> 00:09:42,915
I don't have every resource
that a large hospital has.
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I honestly have no idea what I would do
in a situation like a pandemic.
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We're gonna be lower on the totem pole
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in terms of getting replenishment
of our resources.
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Places that have higher populations
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are gonna be the places that get
that lifesaving medication first.
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00:10:06,355 --> 00:10:08,975
I think that we would be overwhelmed.
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00:10:09,066 --> 00:10:10,686
We wouldn't be able to manage
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00:10:10,776 --> 00:10:15,236
should a flu pandemic
occur in our little county.
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[chickens clucking]
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[Dennis] We have to follow the virus.
Where is the virus located?
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00:10:44,518 --> 00:10:45,648
Very good.
164
00:10:46,228 --> 00:10:49,188
And the virus is located in birds.
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My job takes me all over the world.
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My main responsibility
is trying to prevent, trying to detect,
167
00:10:59,617 --> 00:11:03,157
and respond,
and control emerging viral threats.
168
00:11:08,542 --> 00:11:12,632
There is no single,
more dangerous influenza virus
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circulating in this planet today
than the avian flu in China right now.
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60% of the people who are infected die.
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[newscaster 1] Chinese and global
health authorities
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are watching a new strain of bird flu.
It's called H7N9.
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00:11:29,772 --> 00:11:33,482
This is definitely
one of the most lethal influenza viruses
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00:11:33,567 --> 00:11:34,987
that we have seen so far.
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00:11:35,069 --> 00:11:36,149
[newscaster 1] Authorities in China
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are at pains to say
they're on top of this potential outbreak.
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[newscaster 2] At least 108 cases,
22 of those people infected died.
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00:11:45,746 --> 00:11:50,416
The recent H7N9 virus
has a very high mortality rate.
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That said, it remains an inefficient virus
for infecting people.
180
00:11:56,257 --> 00:12:01,507
So far, this virus
has not yet spread beyond China,
181
00:12:01,595 --> 00:12:03,595
but it could happen at any time.
182
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-When were these birds last vaccinated?
-[woman] Seven days ago.
183
00:12:08,018 --> 00:12:10,808
[Dennis] So they had a problem
with neighboring farms having outbreaks?
184
00:12:10,896 --> 00:12:12,686
[in Vietnamese] Yes, they did.
185
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Some people bought
sick chickens at the market.
186
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[Dennis in English] There are almost
endless variations of the influenza virus.
187
00:12:23,242 --> 00:12:29,542
They're denoted by different combinations
of H's and N's, such as H5N1.
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The H's and N's ultimately define
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00:12:34,920 --> 00:12:39,880
the physical characteristics
an influenza virus will have
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00:12:39,967 --> 00:12:44,217
and just how deadly
that infection might be.
191
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The pandemic flus and the seasonal flus
are profoundly different.
192
00:12:50,561 --> 00:12:55,071
A pandemic influenza
will likely come from an animal
193
00:12:56,358 --> 00:13:01,318
and it will be a new and novel,
never-seen-before virus.
194
00:13:03,783 --> 00:13:09,793
When a novel virus emerges from animals,
we will not have natural immunity.
195
00:13:09,872 --> 00:13:14,212
Our systems will have no means
to fight the infection off,
196
00:13:14,293 --> 00:13:17,553
which means it has the potential
for being very deadly.
197
00:13:19,298 --> 00:13:21,798
That's why there are researchers
around the world
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committed to developing
a universal vaccine
199
00:13:26,180 --> 00:13:30,730
that will be effective
against any and all influenza viruses.
200
00:13:53,415 --> 00:13:55,625
[Jake] I don't really get
stage fright anymore.
201
00:13:57,169 --> 00:13:59,589
I used to do this thing where if I knew
I was about to go on the stage,
202
00:13:59,672 --> 00:14:02,592
my heart would start beating
and I'd feel like I was gonna pass out,
203
00:14:04,009 --> 00:14:05,679
but I knew
for the work that I wanted to do,
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00:14:05,761 --> 00:14:07,101
I had to be an effective communicator.
205
00:14:07,179 --> 00:14:09,769
If I wasn't able
to communicate my science,
206
00:14:09,849 --> 00:14:12,389
then it was almost
like the science didn't exist.
207
00:14:12,476 --> 00:14:13,886
Can you get the slides up?
208
00:14:16,438 --> 00:14:18,518
That's a different slide there.
209
00:14:18,607 --> 00:14:21,107
All right, good afternoon, New York.
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00:14:22,611 --> 00:14:25,741
So, yeah, I'm the co-founder,
Chief Science Officer,
211
00:14:25,823 --> 00:14:27,743
and the Chairman of Distributed Bio,
212
00:14:27,825 --> 00:14:30,785
and this afternoon
I'm gonna share with you
213
00:14:30,870 --> 00:14:35,580
the story of a slow-burning revolution
in biologic therapeutic discovery.
214
00:14:36,542 --> 00:14:38,252
I never memorize a specific speech.
215
00:14:38,335 --> 00:14:41,585
I think about the arc of the story
I'm gonna tell,
216
00:14:41,672 --> 00:14:45,592
and really good storytelling,
those rules apply to science.
217
00:14:46,427 --> 00:14:47,547
It's basically the same rules
218
00:14:47,636 --> 00:14:49,596
that our ancestors
did around the campfire, right?
219
00:14:49,680 --> 00:14:51,720
First you have to introduce
the terrible monster.
220
00:14:51,807 --> 00:14:53,477
In this case, it's influenza.
221
00:14:54,310 --> 00:14:55,850
The problem is that the virus
mutates so quickly
222
00:14:55,936 --> 00:14:58,266
that your immune response
becomes obsolete by the next year.
223
00:14:58,856 --> 00:15:00,936
We have created
these amazing vaccine technologies
224
00:15:01,025 --> 00:15:04,395
that are arguably the greatest advances
since sanitation and fire,
225
00:15:04,486 --> 00:15:06,696
and yet they don't work
on rapidly mutating viruses,
226
00:15:06,780 --> 00:15:08,280
like the flu, for instance.
227
00:15:09,199 --> 00:15:10,949
And for a while we thought
we were just stuck with this.
228
00:15:11,035 --> 00:15:12,745
They're never really gonna be able
to solve the problem
229
00:15:12,828 --> 00:15:14,248
of having a good single shot
230
00:15:14,330 --> 00:15:17,290
that's gonna solve our risk
of being exposed to flu.
231
00:15:18,459 --> 00:15:20,089
Then you present the hero.
232
00:15:20,669 --> 00:15:22,169
That there's some new technology
that exists,
233
00:15:22,254 --> 00:15:24,174
that could potentially
create a breakthrough.
234
00:15:24,256 --> 00:15:27,966
We're making a vaccine that could treat
all future versions of flu.
235
00:15:29,011 --> 00:15:31,101
So, fundamentally,
our approach was different,
236
00:15:31,180 --> 00:15:34,600
because we tested
against future and past strains.
237
00:15:34,683 --> 00:15:35,893
Under some circumstances,
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00:15:35,976 --> 00:15:38,016
some people end up producing
these nice antibodies
239
00:15:38,103 --> 00:15:40,233
that hit all the strains
or many of the strains of flu,
240
00:15:40,314 --> 00:15:42,524
and they enjoy broad protection.
241
00:15:42,608 --> 00:15:44,068
You all might have those friends, right?
242
00:15:44,151 --> 00:15:45,741
It's that annoying hippie friend of yours
who's like,
243
00:15:45,819 --> 00:15:47,739
"I never take the flu shot and I'm fine."
Right?
244
00:15:47,821 --> 00:15:49,821
-Some of them may be right. [chuckles]
-[crowd chuckles]
245
00:15:49,907 --> 00:15:52,737
[Jake] But why the hell aren't we all
protected all the time?
246
00:15:54,078 --> 00:15:56,908
Our approach was able
to neutralize viruses
247
00:15:56,997 --> 00:15:58,827
all the way back to 1934
248
00:15:58,916 --> 00:16:01,876
as well as protect
against future viral variants.
249
00:16:02,419 --> 00:16:05,209
[crowd applauds]
250
00:16:15,057 --> 00:16:18,637
[Sarah] I met Jake Glanville
in the fall of 2014.
251
00:16:19,895 --> 00:16:21,855
He offered me a job.
252
00:16:23,732 --> 00:16:26,942
He knew that I had skills
that he would need
253
00:16:27,027 --> 00:16:29,907
if he wanted to launch
this vaccine program.
254
00:16:39,873 --> 00:16:42,583
Okay, so I can add the antibody
to this one, then?
255
00:16:42,668 --> 00:16:43,998
[woman] Yep.
256
00:16:44,086 --> 00:16:46,206
[Sarah] Jake just thinks outside the box.
257
00:16:46,797 --> 00:16:51,467
He thinks of these crazy ideas
that are completely out of the norm.
258
00:16:51,552 --> 00:16:58,142
Okay, the NHS and EHC are added,
so clock's ticking now.
259
00:17:00,352 --> 00:17:04,152
We've done multiple animal studies
so we know that this is reproducible.
260
00:17:04,231 --> 00:17:05,861
What we're seeing is real.
261
00:17:07,484 --> 00:17:11,784
I want to prove
that my research and Jake's research
262
00:17:11,864 --> 00:17:13,074
could change the world.
263
00:17:14,533 --> 00:17:18,253
This vaccine could eradicate influenza
as we know it.
264
00:17:26,336 --> 00:17:28,296
[machines beeping]
265
00:17:31,508 --> 00:17:32,718
This will not work at all.
266
00:17:32,801 --> 00:17:35,601
[man in Hindi] Sir, this one
is expected H1N1.
267
00:17:35,679 --> 00:17:36,809
So fast?
268
00:17:39,308 --> 00:17:41,728
[newscaster in English] There has been
an alarming rise in the swine flu
269
00:17:41,810 --> 00:17:44,860
or H1N1 cases in India this year.
270
00:17:44,938 --> 00:17:49,318
The situation is turning rather serious
with the fatalities increasing by the day.
271
00:17:49,401 --> 00:17:54,491
The North Indian State of Rajasthan
has been worst hit by the H1N1 virus.
272
00:18:02,289 --> 00:18:03,669
-[man in Hindi] Negative. It's negative.
-[Dinesh] But, look.
273
00:18:03,749 --> 00:18:05,419
The shadow is still here.
274
00:18:05,501 --> 00:18:08,001
And there are some light ones here.
275
00:18:08,087 --> 00:18:10,167
Let us see how you feel without oxygen.
276
00:18:10,255 --> 00:18:12,165
[woman] Should we continue with Tamiflu?
277
00:18:12,257 --> 00:18:15,137
[Dinesh] It's day six today, right?
Give it for one more day.
278
00:18:16,386 --> 00:18:18,636
[woman in English] Tamiflu,
stop after seven days.
279
00:18:18,722 --> 00:18:19,602
[in Hindi] We will stop it tomorrow.
280
00:18:33,487 --> 00:18:37,827
[Dinesh in English] Swine flu is a very
rapidly progressing disease. Very rapidly.
281
00:18:39,034 --> 00:18:42,454
In just a few days,
it can affect both of the lungs,
282
00:18:42,538 --> 00:18:44,408
and it is a life-threatening disease.
283
00:18:47,000 --> 00:18:48,790
Common flu.
284
00:18:48,877 --> 00:18:54,217
All patients came with throat pain,
sneezing, fever, body ache.
285
00:18:55,342 --> 00:19:00,012
But a patient who has nausea, vomiting,
along with breathlessness,
286
00:19:00,931 --> 00:19:03,021
and he says "troublesome cough,"
287
00:19:04,643 --> 00:19:06,403
always think "swine flu."
288
00:19:06,478 --> 00:19:08,358
Always think swine flu.
289
00:19:19,658 --> 00:19:21,658
[Dinesh in Hindi] Breathe normally.
290
00:19:24,079 --> 00:19:27,079
[in English] If it's not diagnosed
properly at an early stage,
291
00:19:27,166 --> 00:19:29,126
it is difficult to treat.
292
00:19:43,974 --> 00:19:46,484
[indistinct chatter]
293
00:19:53,817 --> 00:19:55,987
[Dinesh in Hindi] The problem is,
when she came here,
294
00:19:56,069 --> 00:19:57,949
she had 60%-70% saturation.
295
00:19:59,114 --> 00:20:01,454
If she had been on the road,
she would've died.
296
00:20:02,993 --> 00:20:04,583
That is the fact.
297
00:20:06,705 --> 00:20:09,785
[in English] We will shift to the ICU.
Then treatment will start.
298
00:20:14,588 --> 00:20:18,468
[in Hindi] The later they come,
the more laborious it gets to breathe,
299
00:20:18,550 --> 00:20:21,140
and it becomes
a matter of life or death.
300
00:20:34,233 --> 00:20:36,243
[Dennis] Biggest challenge with flu
301
00:20:36,777 --> 00:20:42,157
is not being lulled into acceptance
of seasonal flu
302
00:20:42,241 --> 00:20:44,871
as all we have to worry about.
303
00:20:46,411 --> 00:20:52,671
Because every once in a while,
there is a variant of flu that emerges
304
00:20:53,502 --> 00:20:59,172
that poses an existential threat
to us as a species.
305
00:21:01,426 --> 00:21:03,716
We go back to 1918...
306
00:21:05,305 --> 00:21:09,385
and, you know, that flu profoundly
impacted this Earth.
307
00:21:13,188 --> 00:21:17,228
It emerged at the very end of World War I.
308
00:21:17,818 --> 00:21:22,448
Soldiers returning home from battle
helped spread the virus around the world.
309
00:21:22,531 --> 00:21:27,201
We ended up seeing
a global event very rapidly,
310
00:21:27,286 --> 00:21:31,956
even at a time when population movements
were a fraction of what they are today.
311
00:21:33,792 --> 00:21:38,512
Far more people died
in the 18-month period of that flu
312
00:21:38,588 --> 00:21:42,258
than died in all of World War I
and World War II.
313
00:21:43,302 --> 00:21:46,722
Somewhere in the order
of 50 to 100 million deaths.
314
00:21:48,807 --> 00:21:54,397
In 1918, there were 1.8 billion people
on the planet Earth.
315
00:21:54,479 --> 00:21:58,359
Today, there are 7.8 billion people.
316
00:21:59,651 --> 00:22:05,241
If a similar virus emerged today,
the result would be not 50 to 100,
317
00:22:05,324 --> 00:22:08,624
but hundreds of millions of people
that would likely die.
318
00:22:10,287 --> 00:22:13,917
And it's a guarantee that another version
319
00:22:13,999 --> 00:22:17,709
of that killer flu will reappear.
320
00:22:17,794 --> 00:22:18,844
We don't know when,
321
00:22:18,920 --> 00:22:24,010
but we should always presume
it can be... soon.
322
00:22:27,679 --> 00:22:30,559
When it comes to a pandemic,
there are many unknowns.
323
00:22:32,100 --> 00:22:34,440
It's about the societal disruption.
324
00:22:37,898 --> 00:22:40,028
The thing that will
immediately be threatened
325
00:22:40,108 --> 00:22:42,818
is continuity of health services.
326
00:22:44,821 --> 00:22:50,741
But also, you'll have severe issues
with normal infrastructure operating.
327
00:22:51,828 --> 00:22:54,118
Electricity is dependent on power plants
328
00:22:54,206 --> 00:22:56,626
and power plants
are dependent on a work force.
329
00:22:56,708 --> 00:23:00,998
That work force becomes ill,
then you have huge vulnerabilities.
330
00:23:01,088 --> 00:23:02,708
What are urban areas going to do
331
00:23:02,798 --> 00:23:07,008
after a couple of weeks
of disruptive impact on food supplies?
332
00:23:08,637 --> 00:23:12,467
You'll not only have people dying
from an influenza virus,
333
00:23:12,557 --> 00:23:16,187
they'll be dying
from what are preventable deaths today.
334
00:23:17,396 --> 00:23:19,856
It will leave its mark.
335
00:23:20,607 --> 00:23:22,687
That's why I do what I do.
336
00:23:22,776 --> 00:23:27,316
If we catch it early enough,
we may be able to save millions of lives.
337
00:23:27,906 --> 00:23:29,406
But it's an uphill battle
338
00:23:29,491 --> 00:23:32,661
because there are so many opportunities
for emergence,
339
00:23:32,744 --> 00:23:35,754
and our resources for early detection
are limited.
340
00:23:47,134 --> 00:23:48,554
[Syra] All right, good morning, everybody.
341
00:23:48,635 --> 00:23:50,215
We'll go ahead
and get started with roll call.
342
00:23:50,303 --> 00:23:54,893
As always, one person from each facility
can just state that they are on.
343
00:23:54,975 --> 00:23:59,095
We started this weekly
system-wide seasonal flu activation call
344
00:23:59,187 --> 00:24:02,147
with all hospitals
that we have across the system,
345
00:24:02,232 --> 00:24:05,902
and the whole purpose of it is really,
as we progress with seasonal flu,
346
00:24:05,986 --> 00:24:08,316
they let us know any impact
that they're having.
347
00:24:09,114 --> 00:24:11,994
Influenza activity
is categorized as widespread.
348
00:24:12,075 --> 00:24:14,035
This is the actual first week
349
00:24:14,119 --> 00:24:16,619
that widespread activity
has been reported.
350
00:24:16,705 --> 00:24:18,245
Last year's flu season
351
00:24:18,331 --> 00:24:20,831
was one of the worst
that we've had in decades.
352
00:24:20,917 --> 00:24:24,127
A record-breaking number
of hospitalizations and deaths.
353
00:24:24,212 --> 00:24:26,212
Bellevue, any changes
to your current status?
354
00:24:26,298 --> 00:24:28,588
[man 1] No changes
from the current status.
355
00:24:28,675 --> 00:24:31,845
Great. Thank you.
Coney Island, any changes?
356
00:24:31,928 --> 00:24:33,098
[man 2] No changes.
357
00:24:33,180 --> 00:24:34,220
[Syra] Great. Thank you.
358
00:24:34,973 --> 00:24:39,773
We started seeing impacts to staffing.
We started seeing impacts to flu supplies.
359
00:24:39,853 --> 00:24:42,233
There were shortages of Tamiflu,
360
00:24:42,314 --> 00:24:44,774
so much so that folks were coming back
to the emergency department
361
00:24:44,858 --> 00:24:48,698
asking for their children to be admitted,
because they couldn't get this medication.
362
00:24:49,362 --> 00:24:51,912
-Queens, any changes?
-[man 3] No changes.
363
00:24:51,990 --> 00:24:53,070
[Syra] Thank you.
364
00:24:53,158 --> 00:24:55,698
So we activated
an emergency operation center
365
00:24:55,785 --> 00:24:58,655
to really get a bird's-eye view
of what's happening system-wide
366
00:24:58,747 --> 00:25:01,327
and where we can provide the resources
and expertise that's needed.
367
00:25:01,416 --> 00:25:03,706
And Woodhull, any changes?
368
00:25:03,793 --> 00:25:07,463
[woman] Yes. We have four patients
on droplet precautions as of Monday
369
00:25:07,547 --> 00:25:08,967
and seven positive flu tests.
370
00:25:09,049 --> 00:25:11,219
[Syra] All right. Excellent.
Well, thank you all so much for joining.
371
00:25:11,301 --> 00:25:13,091
We appreciate it
and we will see you next week.
372
00:25:13,178 --> 00:25:14,468
Take care, everybody.
373
00:25:14,554 --> 00:25:15,894
Part of emergency management is, you know,
374
00:25:15,972 --> 00:25:20,102
you're not just at the facilities,
but just for me also worldwide.
375
00:25:20,185 --> 00:25:23,475
Sometimes when I wake up in the morning
and I see 20 different emails,
376
00:25:23,563 --> 00:25:25,483
not just internally but also externally,
377
00:25:25,565 --> 00:25:28,185
I'm getting alerts of what's happening.
I just try to stay on top of it.
378
00:25:28,276 --> 00:25:30,276
I'm gonna pull up her info so that...
379
00:25:30,362 --> 00:25:33,032
On any given day,
it's meetings back-to-back.
380
00:25:33,114 --> 00:25:34,914
First, thank you all so much
for meeting with us,
381
00:25:34,991 --> 00:25:36,491
and then obviously,
for this collaboration...
382
00:25:36,576 --> 00:25:39,076
I typically start, you know, 8:30 or so...
383
00:25:39,162 --> 00:25:42,622
If this was a real world event,
what are some crisis standards...
384
00:25:42,707 --> 00:25:44,957
...and then go on
for the duration of the day.
385
00:25:45,043 --> 00:25:46,423
You wanna call the Department of Health.
386
00:25:46,503 --> 00:25:48,923
They will walk you through
the case definition and they will...
387
00:25:49,005 --> 00:25:52,545
This isn't Atlanta.
Anyone email back from CDC yet?
388
00:25:53,176 --> 00:25:54,676
[cell phone ringing]
389
00:25:55,971 --> 00:25:56,891
This is Syra.
390
00:25:56,972 --> 00:25:59,062
A good chunk of my work
is actually done at night,
391
00:25:59,140 --> 00:26:01,020
so it's not surprising at all
392
00:26:01,101 --> 00:26:03,351
if you get an email from me, like,
11:00, 12:00 at night.
393
00:26:03,436 --> 00:26:05,646
-[woman] Thank you so much.
-[Syra] Thank you for coming.
394
00:26:05,730 --> 00:26:07,360
I'm perfectly fine with it.
395
00:26:07,440 --> 00:26:09,650
I need to meet with these folks,
I need to see what's happening.
396
00:26:11,152 --> 00:26:14,282
The threat of special pathogens
is constantly on my mind.
397
00:26:14,364 --> 00:26:17,454
Things like MERS, SARS, Ebola, flu.
398
00:26:18,368 --> 00:26:22,458
While these outbreaks
are happening remotely in distant areas,
399
00:26:22,539 --> 00:26:26,379
we know that they're just one flight away
from coming here in the United States
400
00:26:26,459 --> 00:26:29,499
and that's exactly why I do what I do.
401
00:26:37,512 --> 00:26:39,062
What did you have for lunch today?
402
00:26:40,098 --> 00:26:42,558
[Hassan] It wasn't halal, but I got...
403
00:26:43,810 --> 00:26:46,520
-pasta pesto.
-Good job.
404
00:26:47,230 --> 00:26:50,280
Special pathogens
don't respect any boundaries.
405
00:26:52,068 --> 00:26:54,948
So I wanna make sure that I'm doing it
not just for my children,
406
00:26:55,030 --> 00:26:58,450
but for the greater good of humanity,
'cause we wanna make sure people are safe.
407
00:27:10,920 --> 00:27:14,920
[Jake] Back in 2012, I was working
at Pfizer doing antibody engineering.
408
00:27:15,550 --> 00:27:18,220
I wasn't working on vaccines,
but I was learning a lot
409
00:27:18,303 --> 00:27:21,973
about how the populations of antibodies
respond to their targets.
410
00:27:23,058 --> 00:27:24,728
That technology really opened our eyes
411
00:27:24,809 --> 00:27:27,899
to what was really going on
when someone gets vaccinated
412
00:27:27,979 --> 00:27:30,269
or when we're trying to engineer
an antibody as a drug.
413
00:27:31,399 --> 00:27:34,029
I had a BA when I was at Pfizer,
and I got promoted every year,
414
00:27:34,110 --> 00:27:36,490
so I was a principal scientist
with a Bachelor's Degree.
415
00:27:37,155 --> 00:27:39,485
And friends of mine were...
They thought I was crazy.
416
00:27:39,574 --> 00:27:41,584
Some of them were like,
"Why are you leaving a job
417
00:27:41,660 --> 00:27:43,580
where normally you need a PhD,
and a post doc,
418
00:27:43,662 --> 00:27:45,122
and eight years of experience?"
419
00:27:45,997 --> 00:27:47,617
But I was worried if I waited
another ten years,
420
00:27:47,707 --> 00:27:50,837
I might start having children and then
I would be too scared to make a big jump.
421
00:27:51,378 --> 00:27:54,458
I definitely was like, "I could be
messing up my career right now, but..."
422
00:27:55,507 --> 00:27:59,257
I came up with this idea and I thought
it was too beautiful not to try.
423
00:28:03,264 --> 00:28:04,644
More often than not,
424
00:28:04,724 --> 00:28:07,274
startups are looking
for the quickest path to funding.
425
00:28:07,977 --> 00:28:10,977
A lot of them have
a "fake it till you make it" approach.
426
00:28:11,064 --> 00:28:12,274
[newscaster 1] Well, she was
a college dropout
427
00:28:12,357 --> 00:28:15,397
who became the youngest
self-made female billionaire.
428
00:28:16,319 --> 00:28:20,869
[newscaster 2] In 2003, then 19-year-old
Elizabeth Holmes founded Theranos
429
00:28:20,949 --> 00:28:23,329
with the hope
of using small amounts of blood
430
00:28:23,410 --> 00:28:25,660
to do what normally took numerous tubes.
431
00:28:25,745 --> 00:28:27,655
-Does it work?
-Yes.
432
00:28:28,164 --> 00:28:30,334
-You're confident in that?
-I am confident in that.
433
00:28:30,417 --> 00:28:33,957
[Jake] In order to get funding,
they often have to convince investors
434
00:28:34,045 --> 00:28:36,085
about ideas
that haven't been proven out yet,
435
00:28:36,172 --> 00:28:37,222
and sometimes,
436
00:28:37,298 --> 00:28:40,928
they do not have sound science
to back up their plans.
437
00:28:41,010 --> 00:28:43,300
The company faces new investigations
438
00:28:43,388 --> 00:28:45,008
from the Securities
and Exchange Commission
439
00:28:45,098 --> 00:28:47,928
and a US attorney's office in California.
440
00:28:48,017 --> 00:28:50,017
That's in addition to an ongoing probe
441
00:28:50,103 --> 00:28:52,113
by the centers for Medicare
and Medicaid services.
442
00:28:52,188 --> 00:28:54,608
[Jake] In bio tech, you need time
443
00:28:54,691 --> 00:28:57,571
to cultivate your credibility
and your science.
444
00:28:58,236 --> 00:28:59,566
on top of those plans.
445
00:28:59,654 --> 00:29:03,284
[newscaster 3] Now Elizabeth Holmes is
facing some pretty serious prison time.
446
00:29:03,366 --> 00:29:05,116
[newscaster 4] Holmes
and the company's former president
447
00:29:05,201 --> 00:29:08,661
were indicted yesterday
on federal wire fraud charges.
448
00:29:08,747 --> 00:29:12,457
So, eventually,
some of these companies realize
449
00:29:12,542 --> 00:29:14,172
that the hype that they're built on
450
00:29:14,252 --> 00:29:17,802
is not enough to support their quest
for the almighty dollar.
451
00:29:19,924 --> 00:29:23,094
There are a million reasons
why an experiment can fail.
452
00:29:23,178 --> 00:29:26,348
Ultimately, all that matters
is what the data says,
453
00:29:26,431 --> 00:29:29,431
and so far, our data is very promising.
454
00:29:30,101 --> 00:29:31,351
All righty.
455
00:29:31,853 --> 00:29:34,863
Our goal here is that we want
to enable the world
456
00:29:34,939 --> 00:29:36,729
to have access to our vaccines.
457
00:29:36,816 --> 00:29:38,146
All the world...
458
00:29:39,819 --> 00:29:41,529
including people who can't afford it.
459
00:29:41,613 --> 00:29:44,873
That's obviously low on the list
for investors.
460
00:29:45,700 --> 00:29:46,950
When you take venture capital,
461
00:29:47,035 --> 00:29:50,575
you either lose control of your company
or you lose control of your vision.
462
00:29:52,123 --> 00:29:54,673
Right now, we are funding this.
463
00:29:54,751 --> 00:29:57,881
Everything up until this point
has been out of our own pockets.
464
00:29:59,839 --> 00:30:01,419
We should not have been able to beat
465
00:30:01,508 --> 00:30:03,928
major pharmaceutical companies
who have way more money than us
466
00:30:04,010 --> 00:30:05,600
and have way more people than us.
467
00:30:05,678 --> 00:30:08,968
But my experience in big pharmas
is they typically move very slow
468
00:30:09,057 --> 00:30:10,637
and they're risk averse.
469
00:30:10,725 --> 00:30:12,805
And so, there actually
aren't that many people
470
00:30:12,894 --> 00:30:14,904
as you might think
working on new techniques.
471
00:30:14,979 --> 00:30:17,569
So that's worked to our advantage,
but eventually,
472
00:30:17,649 --> 00:30:20,279
we are going to need
to get this vaccine into human trials.
473
00:30:22,028 --> 00:30:25,368
And we are not going to be able
to fund that by ourselves.
474
00:30:44,968 --> 00:30:47,678
[in Hindi] Goochi, dear son...
475
00:30:48,638 --> 00:30:50,388
Wake up, it's seven o'clock.
476
00:30:54,686 --> 00:30:58,476
It's been 15 years since I received my MD.
477
00:30:59,065 --> 00:31:01,105
[playing keyboard]
478
00:31:02,652 --> 00:31:06,492
[Dinesh] It was my family's dream
to have a doctor in the family.
479
00:31:08,408 --> 00:31:10,828
We are seven sons in the family.
480
00:31:11,411 --> 00:31:14,711
They thought the first one
would become a doctor, he didn't.
481
00:31:15,331 --> 00:31:16,921
[in English] Second, third, fourth...
482
00:31:17,458 --> 00:31:20,168
[in Hindi] When it came to me, the fifth,
they found some hope.
483
00:31:20,753 --> 00:31:22,213
[cell phone ringing]
484
00:31:22,297 --> 00:31:24,047
Papa, your phone is ringing.
485
00:31:28,636 --> 00:31:30,806
[Dinesh] Hello. Just getting ready.
486
00:31:32,223 --> 00:31:33,893
Okay, okay, bye.
487
00:31:33,975 --> 00:31:35,305
Come on, son.
488
00:31:38,313 --> 00:31:42,363
I don't know
why they felt that I could become one.
489
00:31:44,694 --> 00:31:46,364
I used to be poor in studies.
490
00:31:47,322 --> 00:31:48,912
That is the truth.
491
00:31:50,158 --> 00:31:53,788
But they knew that what little I studied,
I did it with all my heart.
492
00:31:59,751 --> 00:32:02,671
I'm not in this profession for money.
493
00:32:05,006 --> 00:32:07,176
I am extremely passionate
about this cause.
494
00:32:20,063 --> 00:32:21,113
[machines beeping]
495
00:32:27,278 --> 00:32:29,158
[Dinesh] Yes, Nisha, how are you?
496
00:32:30,281 --> 00:32:32,201
Tell me this.
497
00:32:32,283 --> 00:32:34,993
When we admitted you to emergency
three days back,
498
00:32:35,078 --> 00:32:36,578
when you'd came here from Sikar...
499
00:32:36,663 --> 00:32:38,963
how different
are you feeling since then?
500
00:32:39,958 --> 00:32:41,458
A little bit.
501
00:32:49,592 --> 00:32:52,432
[man] The problem was going on
for 15 days.
502
00:32:53,930 --> 00:32:57,180
We admitted her
into a hospital in our area.
503
00:32:58,059 --> 00:33:00,979
But it's not a big city,
most of the people are from the villages.
504
00:33:01,062 --> 00:33:02,272
They are villagers,
505
00:33:02,355 --> 00:33:04,605
so not many people there know about this.
506
00:33:04,691 --> 00:33:10,781
Even the doctors don't know about H1N1.
So they didn't test her for this.
507
00:33:13,199 --> 00:33:18,199
No one realized that it would become
such a serious disease.
508
00:33:20,206 --> 00:33:21,706
[coughs]
509
00:33:22,417 --> 00:33:25,957
[in English] The patient is not responding
up to the mark which I want.
510
00:33:28,715 --> 00:33:30,465
[imperceptible]
511
00:33:32,010 --> 00:33:33,090
[in Hindi] The problem is...
512
00:33:34,387 --> 00:33:37,847
there are no facilities
in the outlying areas.
513
00:33:41,102 --> 00:33:43,862
When they become seriously ill,
they head for the cities.
514
00:33:43,938 --> 00:33:45,688
It is too late by then.
515
00:33:49,068 --> 00:33:52,238
[in English] Any patient
who had immunity low
516
00:33:52,321 --> 00:33:55,071
is a culprit for swine flu...
517
00:33:55,783 --> 00:33:57,203
in dangerous form.
518
00:33:57,285 --> 00:33:58,115
Child...
519
00:33:59,078 --> 00:34:01,828
pregnant woman, old age.
520
00:34:02,415 --> 00:34:04,325
A patient with diabetes.
521
00:34:05,001 --> 00:34:07,091
A patient with kidney disease.
522
00:34:13,760 --> 00:34:15,140
[man speaking indistinctly]
523
00:34:21,642 --> 00:34:23,192
[Dinesh in Hindi] What's troubling you?
524
00:34:23,269 --> 00:34:24,519
I'm tired.
525
00:34:24,604 --> 00:34:28,824
-[Dinesh] What are you tired of?
-I'm really tired.
526
00:34:38,576 --> 00:34:41,036
[Dheeraj in English] Generally,
we Indians think it's a small cough,
527
00:34:41,120 --> 00:34:44,710
all you should do is take honey,
lemon, turmeric and it goes away.
528
00:34:44,791 --> 00:34:48,211
But seems like it was something
very different this time.
529
00:34:49,670 --> 00:34:51,340
Nobody realized it was swine flu.
530
00:34:53,716 --> 00:34:55,506
[Dinesh in Hindi]
So, now the condition is guarded.
531
00:34:56,010 --> 00:34:58,050
I won't say it's good.
532
00:34:58,846 --> 00:35:00,806
[Dheeraj] His kidney and heart
have also become weaker...
533
00:35:00,890 --> 00:35:02,480
[Dinesh] Right, right.
534
00:35:02,558 --> 00:35:04,438
We will assume
the situation is now serious.
535
00:35:04,519 --> 00:35:06,979
[in English] Until and unless he's in ICU,
he's critical.
536
00:35:09,565 --> 00:35:12,895
[Dheeraj] At this point of time,
lungs have infection,
537
00:35:12,985 --> 00:35:15,815
kidneys are not working,
heart is under constant pressure.
538
00:35:16,572 --> 00:35:18,912
So, if these three vital organs
are not working...
539
00:35:18,991 --> 00:35:20,911
I mean, it's really difficult.
540
00:35:20,993 --> 00:35:23,413
That's why, whatever happens,
I'm outside always,
541
00:35:23,496 --> 00:35:27,076
so he feels good about it,
that there's someone who's taking care.
542
00:35:27,792 --> 00:35:31,092
I have to stay here, there's no one else.
I don't have a brother or a sister.
543
00:35:31,921 --> 00:35:34,011
I'm all alone, so I have to be here.
544
00:35:35,716 --> 00:35:38,296
He's an old kind of man,
"I want to go home,
545
00:35:38,386 --> 00:35:40,506
I want to take a walk in the garden."
546
00:35:40,596 --> 00:35:42,056
You know, do stuff like that.
547
00:35:42,140 --> 00:35:45,270
I said, "Yes, you will be able to,
but just have some time off.
548
00:35:45,351 --> 00:35:47,061
Just relax...
549
00:35:47,145 --> 00:35:49,765
and soon you will be able to do
all of those."
550
00:35:51,524 --> 00:35:54,074
As long as it takes, I will be here.
551
00:36:03,828 --> 00:36:06,328
[Amar crying]
552
00:36:06,998 --> 00:36:08,538
Take if off upstairs.
553
00:36:08,624 --> 00:36:10,794
-Why you have a Band-Aid right here?
-[Amar crying]
554
00:36:10,877 --> 00:36:13,837
-Because I got hurt.
-How'd you get hurt?
555
00:36:13,921 --> 00:36:16,301
-I was bleeding.
-In school?
556
00:36:16,382 --> 00:36:18,802
-No, at home.
-[Hassan shouting indistinctly]
557
00:36:18,885 --> 00:36:23,755
Okay, go upstairs. I'll help you upstairs.
You can't... no. We can't do it over here.
558
00:36:24,265 --> 00:36:26,925
Go upstairs. Just go upstairs.
I'll put your clothes on upstairs.
559
00:36:29,145 --> 00:36:31,475
Amar, what are you doing?
560
00:36:31,564 --> 00:36:33,984
I have a three-year-old
and I have a five-year-old.
561
00:36:34,066 --> 00:36:35,026
No hitting.
562
00:36:35,109 --> 00:36:36,239
It never stops.
563
00:36:38,905 --> 00:36:40,905
There are some days
that are better than others
564
00:36:40,990 --> 00:36:42,950
in terms of just how I can handle it.
565
00:36:43,034 --> 00:36:45,124
-What happened? What happened?
-[Amar crying]
566
00:36:45,203 --> 00:36:47,413
[Syra] Why don't you build something?
You guys wanna build something?
567
00:36:48,247 --> 00:36:49,537
So help me build.
568
00:36:50,666 --> 00:36:53,836
And then there's other days
where I'm just super exhausted,
569
00:36:53,920 --> 00:36:56,670
'cause it's just been a really long
or a rough day.
570
00:36:57,673 --> 00:37:00,683
Sometimes I actually put the kids down
a little earlier than I need to
571
00:37:00,760 --> 00:37:02,890
so I can just relax.
572
00:37:04,597 --> 00:37:06,177
-[Amar] Mommy.
-[Syra] Yes.
573
00:37:08,476 --> 00:37:09,686
What are you doing?
574
00:37:11,187 --> 00:37:13,477
-Mommy, look at me.
-Yes.
575
00:37:15,650 --> 00:37:18,740
I actually don't tell them
exactly what I do
576
00:37:18,819 --> 00:37:22,739
and I try not to also share that
with school friends or mommies,
577
00:37:22,823 --> 00:37:26,163
'cause people's fear factor kicks in first
before logic.
578
00:37:26,244 --> 00:37:30,414
If they think I had any remote
kind of contact with disease,
579
00:37:30,498 --> 00:37:33,128
it's like, "Don't touch me,
don't come near me."
580
00:37:35,169 --> 00:37:37,709
I do this because I have a passion for it.
581
00:37:39,048 --> 00:37:41,468
I started to work
in the field of bio defense,
582
00:37:41,550 --> 00:37:45,760
I did some work with FBI
related to bio defense.
583
00:37:46,347 --> 00:37:48,017
My Master's thesis was on Ebola
584
00:37:48,099 --> 00:37:53,099
and then the bio threat team
that I was part of in 2014
585
00:37:53,187 --> 00:37:55,607
at the Texas Department
of State Health Services,
586
00:37:55,690 --> 00:37:59,110
was the team that did diagnose
the very first patient.
587
00:37:59,610 --> 00:38:01,700
[doctor] The patient admitted
to this hospital
588
00:38:01,779 --> 00:38:04,819
has tested positive for Ebola virus
589
00:38:04,907 --> 00:38:08,737
and we're taking every step possible
to manage this situation.
590
00:38:08,828 --> 00:38:10,708
No one thought at that time
591
00:38:10,788 --> 00:38:13,708
that this would ever reach
the shores of the United States,
592
00:38:13,791 --> 00:38:18,341
and so, there was no active monitoring
or active screening in place.
593
00:38:18,421 --> 00:38:20,211
[newscaster] While caring
for the first patient
594
00:38:20,298 --> 00:38:21,718
to test positive for the Ebola virus
595
00:38:21,799 --> 00:38:25,089
in US soil, a Dallas nurse
contracted the disease.
596
00:38:25,177 --> 00:38:27,347
And then a number of questions then arose
597
00:38:27,430 --> 00:38:30,390
of are all hospitals
in the United States equipped
598
00:38:30,474 --> 00:38:32,484
and able to identify patients
599
00:38:32,560 --> 00:38:35,270
suspected with these types
of special pathogens.
600
00:38:36,063 --> 00:38:37,153
Amar, I'm proud of you...
601
00:38:37,231 --> 00:38:40,741
For me, I wanna make sure
from a healthcare delivery standpoint
602
00:38:40,818 --> 00:38:43,738
whether this patient's coming in with
Ebola virus disease or a pandemic flu,
603
00:38:43,821 --> 00:38:46,781
they have the resources
to identify these patients.
604
00:38:47,491 --> 00:38:50,701
-[Amar] I want to read the night squirrel.
-Okay.
605
00:38:50,786 --> 00:38:53,326
All right, how about I read Hassan's first
and then I read yours.
606
00:38:53,414 --> 00:38:55,334
Okay, which one should I read
in the superheroes?
607
00:38:56,709 --> 00:38:59,419
When I was
part of the Ebola response team,
608
00:38:59,503 --> 00:39:01,763
we had an appreciation ceremony.
609
00:39:02,340 --> 00:39:04,430
I remember on the card someone wrote that,
610
00:39:04,508 --> 00:39:06,588
"When everybody
was running away from this,
611
00:39:06,677 --> 00:39:08,047
you ran towards it. Are you crazy?"
612
00:39:08,137 --> 00:39:09,427
Like, "Ha, ha, ha."
613
00:39:09,513 --> 00:39:11,223
But I think for me,
614
00:39:11,307 --> 00:39:14,597
it really translates
into helping those around me.
615
00:39:14,685 --> 00:39:16,145
He's saying to stop.
616
00:39:16,228 --> 00:39:19,188
This kid is bullying her.
That's not nice to bully, right?
617
00:39:19,857 --> 00:39:21,897
And yes, I may be putting myself
in harm's way,
618
00:39:21,984 --> 00:39:25,994
but this is something
that I have knowledge of
619
00:39:26,072 --> 00:39:27,452
and why wouldn't I do that?
620
00:39:28,282 --> 00:39:32,122
"Whatever had changed him
in that gamma ray accident must have..."
621
00:39:38,501 --> 00:39:40,961
These threats are never going to stop...
622
00:39:42,254 --> 00:39:46,844
and we need to do something about it,
and that something is now.
623
00:39:46,926 --> 00:39:51,756
So, I have an upwards of ten projects
happening at any given time.
624
00:39:53,766 --> 00:39:57,016
I feel like there's so much more
that needs to be done.
625
00:39:59,021 --> 00:40:00,401
-[Sarah] Shall we cheers?
-[woman] Yeah, let's cheers.
626
00:40:00,481 --> 00:40:02,111
-[man 1] Start off with...
-[all] Cheers.
627
00:40:03,067 --> 00:40:03,937
[woman] In the book, I read
628
00:40:04,026 --> 00:40:05,316
you're supposed to make
eye contact with everyone.
629
00:40:05,403 --> 00:40:06,283
[all laugh]
630
00:40:06,362 --> 00:40:08,742
-[woman] I did, I read the book.
-[man 1] What?
631
00:40:09,532 --> 00:40:11,332
[Sarah] We haven't been eating
very much of the food.
632
00:40:11,409 --> 00:40:13,079
You guys need to do a better job.
633
00:40:13,160 --> 00:40:15,830
Sometimes, when I get home from work,
I don't wanna follow recipes anymore.
634
00:40:15,913 --> 00:40:17,713
I'm just like, "Fuck it.
I follow protocols all day."
635
00:40:17,790 --> 00:40:20,750
I just wanna make some stuff up
and see what happens.
636
00:40:21,544 --> 00:40:23,174
[man 1] This is basically
what you've been working on
637
00:40:23,254 --> 00:40:25,464
the entire time we've known you, then.
638
00:40:25,548 --> 00:40:29,798
[Sarah] Yeah, and we could have
a human vaccine ready by 2025.
639
00:40:29,885 --> 00:40:31,925
We just need the money,
'cause the ferret study alone
640
00:40:32,012 --> 00:40:33,562
is like over a million dollars.
641
00:40:34,181 --> 00:40:36,101
[man 2] Have you thought
about crowd funding?
642
00:40:36,183 --> 00:40:37,643
[Sarah] I have not thought about it.
643
00:40:37,726 --> 00:40:41,516
My understanding was that crowd funding
doesn't get you that much money,
644
00:40:41,605 --> 00:40:43,395
but maybe I'm wrong.
645
00:40:43,482 --> 00:40:45,782
There's a lot of people in the world
that are affected by the flu.
646
00:40:46,777 --> 00:40:48,397
-Yeah.
-[woman 1] That's true.
647
00:40:50,156 --> 00:40:52,526
The thing is, for flu,
we really haven't seen anything
648
00:40:52,616 --> 00:40:55,406
in our lifetimes,
or in our parents' lifetimes,
649
00:40:55,494 --> 00:40:58,794
or even in our grandparents',
but the next flu pandemic is...
650
00:40:59,373 --> 00:41:00,833
probably on the horizon.
651
00:41:00,916 --> 00:41:02,996
We don't know if it will happen to us
or our kids,
652
00:41:03,085 --> 00:41:04,955
but it will eventually happen.
653
00:41:05,045 --> 00:41:08,335
It's scary 'cause in 1918,
654
00:41:08,424 --> 00:41:12,304
it killed over 50 million people,
but we didn't even have planes,
655
00:41:12,386 --> 00:41:13,676
and we didn't have people traveling
656
00:41:13,762 --> 00:41:15,972
from Asia to North America
on a daily basis,
657
00:41:16,056 --> 00:41:17,306
we didn't have factory farms
658
00:41:17,391 --> 00:41:19,691
with thousands of pigs
and thousands of chickens.
659
00:41:19,768 --> 00:41:21,018
But now we do.
660
00:41:21,103 --> 00:41:23,863
So, it could be
hundreds of millions of people
661
00:41:23,939 --> 00:41:25,479
that would die from the next pandemic
662
00:41:25,566 --> 00:41:29,356
if it were as contagious
as the H1N1 in 1918.
663
00:41:31,530 --> 00:41:33,120
Anyone want more wine?
664
00:41:33,616 --> 00:41:35,196
[all laughing]
665
00:41:35,284 --> 00:41:36,744
[woman 2] No.
666
00:41:37,244 --> 00:41:40,124
You said it was two million dollars.
667
00:41:40,206 --> 00:41:41,916
-That's all you guys need?
-Yeah.
668
00:41:41,999 --> 00:41:43,579
[man 1] Robyn can send that to you.
669
00:41:44,376 --> 00:41:48,006
-No, I don't. I'm just saying--
-[man 1] I got my checkbook.
670
00:41:48,088 --> 00:41:51,838
So, my company just announced
our Series D yesterday.
671
00:41:51,926 --> 00:41:53,546
-[Sarah] Yeah.
-We got a billion dollars.
672
00:41:53,636 --> 00:41:57,006
-[Sarah] Holy shit.
-A billion dollars, like, "Okay."
673
00:41:57,097 --> 00:42:00,017
We wanna maintain full ownership,
so we have to get government grants,
674
00:42:00,100 --> 00:42:01,730
or like...
675
00:42:01,810 --> 00:42:04,730
non-profit foundation grants,
like through the Gates Foundation.
676
00:42:04,813 --> 00:42:06,773
[woman 2] So, you partnered
with this foundation,
677
00:42:06,857 --> 00:42:08,817
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation,
678
00:42:08,901 --> 00:42:10,651
-and they said yes?
-Yeah, well, we...
679
00:42:10,736 --> 00:42:13,986
We applied for a grant
and we've been waiting to hear back.
680
00:42:14,073 --> 00:42:16,243
[crowd applauding]
681
00:42:16,325 --> 00:42:19,535
Epidemiologists show through their models
682
00:42:19,620 --> 00:42:23,830
that a respiratory-spread pathogen would
kill more than 30 million people
683
00:42:23,916 --> 00:42:25,746
in less than a year.
684
00:42:25,834 --> 00:42:29,264
And there is a reasonable probability
of that taking place.
685
00:42:30,339 --> 00:42:32,759
[reporter] Research into
a universal flu vaccine
686
00:42:32,841 --> 00:42:35,221
just got a big boost,
thanks to Bill Gates.
687
00:42:35,302 --> 00:42:39,182
The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
is partnering with the CEO of Alphabet
688
00:42:39,265 --> 00:42:41,885
to establish a $12 million fund
for research
689
00:42:41,976 --> 00:42:44,396
into a universal flu vaccine.
690
00:42:44,478 --> 00:42:46,358
He says the vaccine is needed
to help combat
691
00:42:46,438 --> 00:42:48,688
possible future pandemics.
692
00:42:49,775 --> 00:42:53,775
The Gates Foundation has an amazing record
trying to help global populations...
693
00:42:54,363 --> 00:42:57,323
and they would enable communities
that can't pay for it
694
00:42:57,408 --> 00:42:58,908
to be able to be beneficiaries.
695
00:43:01,036 --> 00:43:04,746
I am trying not to sit on pins and needles
to wait to hear the results.
696
00:43:05,708 --> 00:43:08,458
It's cool stuff, so I think
they're really interested in it.
697
00:43:08,544 --> 00:43:10,094
It's just... [sighs]
698
00:43:10,170 --> 00:43:12,170
It's taking a long time to hear back.
699
00:43:12,965 --> 00:43:15,175
-[Sarah] Should we cheers?
-[woman 2] Yeah, let's cheers again.
700
00:43:32,067 --> 00:43:33,237
[telephone rings]
701
00:43:33,319 --> 00:43:35,529
[Holly] Jefferson County Hospital,
how can I help you?
702
00:43:35,613 --> 00:43:38,123
I'm just answering the phone
'cause all my girls are...
703
00:43:38,198 --> 00:43:39,658
They've got their hands busy.
704
00:43:51,879 --> 00:43:53,799
So, Jefferson County Hospital,
where I work,
705
00:43:53,881 --> 00:43:56,181
is in a rural setting.
706
00:43:57,259 --> 00:44:00,679
We have about eight to nine thousand
people in the county.
707
00:44:02,514 --> 00:44:05,184
Their access to healthcare is limited.
708
00:44:05,726 --> 00:44:10,266
The closest other hospital
is 35 to 40 minutes away.
709
00:44:13,817 --> 00:44:16,817
Any barrier to care
and care gets lessened.
710
00:44:18,113 --> 00:44:21,833
And if you have to travel an hour
to get healthcare,
711
00:44:21,909 --> 00:44:24,289
people are gonna say, "I'd rather not."
712
00:44:25,704 --> 00:44:27,834
Do you wanna play
the ring toss game with me?
713
00:44:27,915 --> 00:44:30,125
-Why not?
-[crying] They're gonna get me right here.
714
00:44:30,209 --> 00:44:31,499
No, listen, listen, listen.
715
00:44:31,585 --> 00:44:33,625
It's gonna feel just like a little pinch,
just like that.
716
00:44:33,712 --> 00:44:35,422
[boy sobbing]
717
00:44:37,091 --> 00:44:39,641
I don't want a shot! I don't want a shot!
718
00:44:39,718 --> 00:44:40,678
[woman] I will... I will...
719
00:44:40,761 --> 00:44:45,641
[Holly] When October, November come,
then I begin to think, "Okay, here we go."
720
00:44:45,724 --> 00:44:48,774
We're gonna be busier
and we're gonna be having sicker patients.
721
00:44:49,603 --> 00:44:51,023
[woman] Okay, let's got see
what they gotta do.
722
00:44:51,105 --> 00:44:53,225
-[boy] I don't want any shot.
-[woman] You're not getting any shots
723
00:44:53,315 --> 00:44:55,435
or no pinches. I promise, okay?
724
00:44:55,526 --> 00:44:58,856
-You have a seat and wait for Mommy...
-[boy] I don't want to...
725
00:44:58,946 --> 00:45:01,276
[Holly] By the 13th of January last year,
726
00:45:01,365 --> 00:45:04,695
we'd already had over 70 Oklahomans
that had passed away from the flu.
727
00:45:05,994 --> 00:45:07,664
Seventy people.
728
00:45:07,746 --> 00:45:11,956
That is a lot of folks that died
from an illness that could be prevented
729
00:45:12,042 --> 00:45:16,172
with a vaccine or that could be prevented
with good hand hygiene
730
00:45:16,255 --> 00:45:19,375
or if the patient knew to come in earlier
731
00:45:19,466 --> 00:45:22,886
and they didn't just say,
"Well, I just have the flu."
732
00:45:22,970 --> 00:45:26,010
And then they die from "just the flu."
That's just tragic.
733
00:45:26,098 --> 00:45:28,598
-[woman] Stop!
-[crying] I don't wanna get a shot!
734
00:45:28,684 --> 00:45:29,814
[imperceptible]
735
00:45:29,893 --> 00:45:32,063
[sobbing]
736
00:45:32,146 --> 00:45:35,226
I know.
Do I look somebody that will hurt you?
737
00:45:35,733 --> 00:45:38,783
-I really don't want a shot!
-I know. I know.
738
00:45:39,570 --> 00:45:41,780
[woman 1] You ready for it, you want us
to do it, momma?
739
00:45:41,864 --> 00:45:43,494
-[woman 2] Thank you, doctor.
-Uh-huh.
740
00:45:44,158 --> 00:45:46,828
Going into the flu season this year,
741
00:45:46,910 --> 00:45:50,000
what I have in my mind is,
"It's gonna be like last year."
742
00:45:50,080 --> 00:45:54,250
The CDC is calling this
the worst flu outbreak in eight years
743
00:45:54,334 --> 00:45:56,464
and if you've had the flu already,
744
00:45:56,545 --> 00:45:59,165
guess what, there's a good chance
you could get it again.
745
00:45:59,256 --> 00:46:01,426
[male newscaster] Can you believe that?
We are nearing record breaking numbers
746
00:46:01,508 --> 00:46:03,638
in the state of Oklahoma
when it comes to flu-related deaths.
747
00:46:03,719 --> 00:46:05,599
[woman speaking indistinctly]
748
00:46:06,180 --> 00:46:07,770
-On that side? Okay.
-Mmm-hmm.
749
00:46:08,348 --> 00:46:12,308
[Holly] Even one death in a tiny town
like ours is a pretty big deal.
750
00:46:12,394 --> 00:46:14,194
Take another deep breath.
751
00:46:16,774 --> 00:46:20,244
I don't want to lose a patient to the flu.
752
00:46:33,415 --> 00:46:34,245
[Dinesh speaks indistinctly]
753
00:46:50,766 --> 00:46:52,016
[in Hindi] Sit up, ma'am.
754
00:46:57,606 --> 00:47:00,026
Are you feeling good overall?
755
00:47:00,692 --> 00:47:03,492
See, your oxygen requirement...
756
00:47:03,570 --> 00:47:05,320
-Was this connected last night?
-[man] No, sir.
757
00:47:05,405 --> 00:47:06,405
It wasn't connected.
758
00:47:06,490 --> 00:47:08,030
The ventilator was
not connected all night.
759
00:47:08,116 --> 00:47:10,156
Before, you couldn't stay without it
at night.
760
00:47:10,244 --> 00:47:11,664
There was no need for it now.
761
00:47:11,745 --> 00:47:15,245
Oxygen was running at ten liters before,
now it is at one liter.
762
00:47:15,332 --> 00:47:18,132
I don't think you have
any problem breathing now.
763
00:47:18,210 --> 00:47:20,380
How much less is your coughing
than before?
764
00:47:22,130 --> 00:47:23,760
-Huh?
-[Nisha] I only cough at night.
765
00:47:23,841 --> 00:47:27,301
[Dinesh] Only at night, just a little,
but not as much as before.
766
00:47:27,386 --> 00:47:29,386
Do you want to shift into a ward today?
767
00:47:30,138 --> 00:47:32,388
You are getting bored here
all by yourself.
768
00:47:32,474 --> 00:47:36,734
In the ward, you will talk to others,
converse with them, you will not be bored.
769
00:47:39,815 --> 00:47:41,475
We are shifting her to the ward.
770
00:47:41,567 --> 00:47:43,987
Now, there is no requirement of ICU.
771
00:47:44,069 --> 00:47:46,659
If God will feel so,
she will be home in one to two days.
772
00:47:54,079 --> 00:48:00,709
I feel a great joy easing
the suffering of others.
773
00:48:02,588 --> 00:48:05,418
If I can save a patient's life,
774
00:48:05,507 --> 00:48:08,297
and if I bring tears of joy
to their mother,
775
00:48:08,385 --> 00:48:12,215
that is the most priceless thing for me.
776
00:48:26,486 --> 00:48:28,156
But these are complicated cases...
777
00:48:29,615 --> 00:48:32,325
[in English] When the body
is not responding to any treatment.
778
00:49:04,191 --> 00:49:06,651
[in Hindi] Often, in the 15 years
of my professional life...
779
00:49:08,153 --> 00:49:10,413
when a patient of mine did not survive...
780
00:49:11,782 --> 00:49:13,742
I have wept for them.
781
00:49:16,286 --> 00:49:21,076
The sadness I feel when I lose a patient
is more than the happiness of saving ten.
782
00:49:23,043 --> 00:49:25,673
[cell phone ringing]
783
00:49:29,174 --> 00:49:30,094
[in English] Hello.
784
00:49:30,884 --> 00:49:32,094
[speaks indistinctly]
785
00:49:32,177 --> 00:49:36,217
[in Hindi] I never switch off my mobile
for even a second in 24 hours.
786
00:49:37,891 --> 00:49:39,311
[in English] Never.
787
00:49:40,310 --> 00:49:42,940
[in Hindi] Only a person who has lost
a patient will understand this.
788
00:49:43,855 --> 00:49:47,065
Even if others don't like it,
including my wife,
789
00:49:47,150 --> 00:49:49,030
or my kids, I don't care.
790
00:49:52,614 --> 00:49:54,834
[cell phone ringing]
791
00:49:55,367 --> 00:49:57,867
There is still no respite from swine flu.
792
00:49:59,788 --> 00:50:03,418
[newscaster 1 in English] Alarming rise
in the number of swine flu cases.
793
00:50:03,500 --> 00:50:07,130
Over 9,000 people have tested positive
for swine flu across India
794
00:50:07,212 --> 00:50:09,422
with 86 casualties last week.
795
00:50:09,506 --> 00:50:12,676
The death toll has now jumped to 312.
796
00:50:12,759 --> 00:50:15,799
The numbers are staggering,
over 9,000 people are affected,
797
00:50:15,887 --> 00:50:18,427
which means that once it reaches
that level again,
798
00:50:18,515 --> 00:50:20,925
the spread will be that much faster.
799
00:50:21,560 --> 00:50:26,400
[newscaster 2] According to the CDC,
last flu season killed 180 children.
800
00:50:26,982 --> 00:50:29,782
One of the worst flu seasons
in recent memory,
801
00:50:29,860 --> 00:50:33,070
this new season
ushers in one big question.
802
00:50:33,155 --> 00:50:35,065
Are we in for a repeat?
803
00:50:35,157 --> 00:50:38,827
[newscaster 3] And everything indicates
that this upcoming flu season,
804
00:50:38,910 --> 00:50:41,330
it's gonna be worse than usual.
805
00:50:41,413 --> 00:50:43,463
[Bill Gates] As we've seen
various flu scares,
806
00:50:43,540 --> 00:50:45,580
we haven't had a super good response.
807
00:50:46,626 --> 00:50:49,756
And it's pretty surprising how little
preparedness there is for it.
808
00:50:51,465 --> 00:50:55,675
Fortunately, there's some amazing people
who dedicate their life to this.
809
00:50:56,845 --> 00:51:00,095
Like all global problems,
it's not easy to solve.
810
00:51:00,182 --> 00:51:04,852
But this is the greatest risk,
and we're not ready.
65727
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