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More_Than_Honey_(2012) ,BR_MKV_H264_AC3[5.1](ZeroOneFilm,Ger,Eng,Chi,Sub) 1280x720
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My grand-grand father
and my grandfather were keeping bees,
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and my father, too.
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00:03:49,470 --> 00:03:55,560
First I was not interested in bees,
I was afraid of bee stings.
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When my father got older
he said to me:
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"If you keep on avoiding bees,
I will sell them."
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I did not like the idea.
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I told myself:
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"If my parents could stand the bee stings,
I can stand them, too."
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00:04:19,590 --> 00:04:21,380
After all I am not a softie.
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00:04:57,030 --> 00:05:00,170
My family used to be bee farmers
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00:05:00,380 --> 00:05:02,450
My grandfather had a tin can factory
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00:05:02,460 --> 00:05:04,540
He had a garden with fruit trees
and berries
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and bee hives
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00:05:14,350 --> 00:05:18,630
I liked my grandfather also because
he had many animals, like dogs and horses
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00:05:23,940 --> 00:05:27,070
The bees were the favourite animals
of grandpa
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00:05:27,800 --> 00:05:31,870
He owned 150 bee hives
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00:05:46,150 --> 00:05:50,320
Lying in the grass of his garden,
I used to listen to the bees.
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My father explained to me how the bees are necessary
for the fertilisation of the flowers
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To attract the bees, the flowers
produce sweet honey.
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By moving from one flower to the next
the bees also transport pollen.
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By collecting honey, the bees also fertilize flowers
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My grandpa was a manager over gardens
machines and people.
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00:06:44,030 --> 00:06:47,880
He was fascinated how everything
worked together
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00:06:54,360 --> 00:06:59,770
But nowadays the bees have a hard time.
Since a few years many bees are dying
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00:06:59,780 --> 00:07:04,360
Not only in Switzerland.
Bees are dying worldwide.
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00:07:04,370 --> 00:07:08,630
It's in the news all over.
But the cause is still a mystery
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00:07:08,650 --> 00:07:13,230
I start my journey
trying to solve this mystery
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00:07:18,390 --> 00:07:20,590
It's almost full bloom now.
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00:07:20,890 --> 00:07:24,750
It's such a gorgeous time of year
to be out here
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It is just beautiful
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00:07:29,990 --> 00:07:31,600
And no one sees this.
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Only the beekeeper sees this,
and the farmer sees this.
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Listen.
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Can you hear that?
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00:07:54,090 --> 00:07:56,130
That's the sound of money.
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Fresh printed money.
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00:08:01,390 --> 00:08:02,920
Bees and trees.
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00:08:06,400 --> 00:08:07,930
Nice.
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00:08:13,820 --> 00:08:15,230
Ladies,
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00:08:16,740 --> 00:08:18,690
how are you today?
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00:08:21,210 --> 00:08:22,780
Are you busy?
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00:08:24,710 --> 00:08:26,870
It's warm, it's sunny.
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00:08:30,460 --> 00:08:31,700
An old maid.
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00:08:32,010 --> 00:08:36,290
That's a nut that didn't get shaken
and then got hold.
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And right there.
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Yummy, delicious.
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00:08:49,760 --> 00:08:53,920
One third of all we are eating
would not exist without bees
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00:08:53,940 --> 00:08:57,050
Grandpa told me how it works
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00:08:57,060 --> 00:09:00,180
All colourful and good-smelling flowers and plants
get fertilized by insects
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00:09:00,190 --> 00:09:05,190
All other plants are fertilized by the wind.
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00:09:11,240 --> 00:09:16,860
Grandpa was drawing the labels for
the jam jars himself
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00:09:16,870 --> 00:09:22,080
But the competitors were more efficient
and imported the fruits by railway
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00:09:22,090 --> 00:09:28,330
Grandpa went bankruptcy
In the end he only had the bees.
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00:09:28,340 --> 00:09:34,080
They still kept bringing him honey
but apples were growing in the lawns he lost
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00:09:36,530 --> 00:09:40,690
It's sort of a deal that we made with
the almond growers
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00:09:40,990 --> 00:09:47,520
We know going in.
There are risks and opportunities.
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00:09:47,830 --> 00:09:49,950
The almond orchards,
they pay a lot of money.
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00:09:50,500 --> 00:09:55,000
I mean. It's no mystery.
We've got 4000 bee hives here
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00:09:55,300 --> 00:09:58,830
With 150 Dollars a hive
that's 600'000 dollars.
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00:09:59,140 --> 00:10:00,790
To me that's real money.
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00:10:07,480 --> 00:10:10,550
That might be Joe Black.
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00:10:11,230 --> 00:10:14,350
He might be flying down
to Bakersfield today.
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00:10:31,040 --> 00:10:35,660
I think California produces 80%
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00:10:35,960 --> 00:10:38,790
of the world production in almonds.
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00:10:40,140 --> 00:10:44,080
In terms of the almonds that are
actually in the market in the world,
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00:10:44,390 --> 00:10:47,340
it's higher than that.
It may be close to 90%.
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00:10:57,320 --> 00:11:01,650
It is not commercial to grow almonds
on a very small scale.
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00:11:01,950 --> 00:11:06,900
I know of no reason why that system will not
be sustainable for the long term.
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00:11:07,200 --> 00:11:12,030
There is nothing that I have seen in my 35 years
in the industry that will lead me to think
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00:11:12,330 --> 00:11:18,830
that this concentration of almonds in one area is
self-defeating in one way.
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00:11:19,130 --> 00:11:23,290
That it will somehow crash
as a result of being concentrated.
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00:11:23,600 --> 00:11:26,420
I have seen nothing that
would indicate that.
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00:11:47,370 --> 00:11:49,690
We would not have a business
without the bees.
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00:11:50,000 --> 00:11:55,950
Without some type of insect pollinator
almonds would not have any crop.
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00:11:56,250 --> 00:11:58,370
We have proven that again and again.
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00:11:58,670 --> 00:12:03,420
Our business relies entirely on pollination
by the bees.
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00:12:22,500 --> 00:12:28,640
Apposite to bumblebees or butterflies
bees always stick to one type of flower.
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00:12:28,650 --> 00:12:32,810
One bee always flies to the apple tree
an other bee always flys to another colourful flower.
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00:12:32,820 --> 00:12:39,070
Only when the whole job with one type of flower
is finished a bee will change to an other type.
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00:12:39,080 --> 00:12:42,190
But here they do not have a choice.
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00:12:42,210 --> 00:12:48,030
There is nothing but almonds.
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00:13:16,510 --> 00:13:20,770
Inside the bee hive the bees
transfer the collected nektar to their sisters.
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00:13:20,790 --> 00:13:23,900
They keep on chewing
until it turns into honey,
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00:13:23,910 --> 00:13:29,740
then they store the honey into honey combs.
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00:13:54,060 --> 00:13:57,180
They pack the pollen into small lumbs,
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00:13:57,190 --> 00:14:01,350
and store it as protein reserves.
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00:14:01,360 --> 00:14:05,520
But the bees also bring home
information about the surrounding.
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00:14:05,530 --> 00:14:09,690
As a first-grade student I saw a silent movie about bees
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00:14:09,700 --> 00:14:12,820
The title of the movie was "the dances of the bees".
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00:14:12,830 --> 00:14:15,940
The director of the movie was
Karl von Frisch, a scientist.
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00:14:15,960 --> 00:14:24,290
He received a Nobel Price for his studies
especially for the discovery of "the dances of the bees".
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00:14:24,300 --> 00:14:33,670
As he noticed, the bees tell their sisters in the hive
where and how far away from hive the nektar is located.
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00:14:33,680 --> 00:14:42,010
The closer to the hive
the faster they shake their tails.
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00:14:42,020 --> 00:14:47,230
As a kid in the cinema, I was annoyed
by the smart bees with their complicated geometry.
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00:14:47,250 --> 00:14:52,450
The bees a so terribly smart and complicated.
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00:14:52,460 --> 00:15:02,880
"Please count yourself!"
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00:15:02,890 --> 00:15:10,180
At the "Freie Universität Berlin" professor Menzel
studies the question if bees can make free decisions.
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00:15:10,190 --> 00:15:13,300
His experimental setup leads the bees
into a dilemma.
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00:15:13,310 --> 00:15:16,430
They already know one place with nektar.
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00:15:16,440 --> 00:15:21,650
An other bee then gives them information
about a second equally good place with nektar.
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00:15:21,660 --> 00:15:33,110
What will the bee do?
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00:15:33,130 --> 00:15:38,330
"Bee takes off"
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00:15:38,340 --> 00:15:46,670
Constantin, please switch on the radar.
I will walk to the receiver.
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00:15:46,680 --> 00:15:51,880
We can see here that the bee decided to fly
to the old nektar place.
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00:15:51,910 --> 00:15:57,110
She arrives there. There used to be
a place with nektar.
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00:15:57,120 --> 00:16:01,280
But now there is no more nektar.
We have removed the nektar.
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00:16:01,290 --> 00:16:07,640
Now she flies around in circles
searching the nektar.
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00:16:07,650 --> 00:16:10,770
Now she is not flying back to the hive.
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00:16:10,780 --> 00:16:13,790
She is flying towards East.
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00:16:13,800 --> 00:16:21,090
Eastwards is the second nektar place,
which was told her by the tail-shaking in the hive.
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00:16:21,100 --> 00:16:25,260
Here is the second nektar place.
And here she is!
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00:16:25,270 --> 00:16:29,430
Ok, I can announce
the landing of red bee number 23.
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00:16:29,440 --> 00:16:33,600
Now she carries the nektar.
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00:16:33,610 --> 00:16:51,330
Now she has to fly back to the hive.
She calculated the best route to fly back.
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00:16:51,350 --> 00:16:56,550
Here she arrives at the hive.
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00:16:56,560 --> 00:17:04,700
We can assume that even the small brain of a bee
is capable to make a decision between two possible options.
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00:17:19,870 --> 00:17:23,240
She is a lovely little insect.
Very tolerant.
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00:17:25,960 --> 00:17:28,740
Not very smart, but really tolerant.
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00:17:31,590 --> 00:17:34,830
Two weeks from today
The place here looks like an orchard to us,
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00:17:35,130 --> 00:17:38,750
but to them it looks like a desert.
There is nothing to eat.
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00:17:40,100 --> 00:17:43,760
The almond grower will call me saying:
"The bloom is over you may now go."
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00:17:44,060 --> 00:17:47,750
So we do go. Because if we would leave
the bees here, they would starve.
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00:17:50,900 --> 00:17:52,970
We are about to be run over.
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00:18:04,410 --> 00:18:07,530
This ribbon?
- I will do this ribbon, then that.
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00:18:08,290 --> 00:18:09,480
Okay.
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00:18:12,340 --> 00:18:13,410
Thank you.
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00:18:24,730 --> 00:18:28,180
He is starting from the other ribbon.
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00:18:30,110 --> 00:18:32,850
So maybe we will go a little away.
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00:18:33,150 --> 00:18:36,980
If he would just not spray the bees,
that would be great.
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00:18:41,160 --> 00:18:42,940
That's great.
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00:18:43,700 --> 00:18:45,070
Because it is really ...
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00:18:46,210 --> 00:18:50,950
You know, ideally they would spray at night.
When the bees are in.
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00:18:51,710 --> 00:18:57,750
By the time the material is dry,
and isn't so lethal. It is the next day.
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00:18:58,130 --> 00:19:00,170
If they would just spray at night.
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00:19:00,470 --> 00:19:03,290
But. You know. You can't see at night.
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00:19:03,680 --> 00:19:07,670
They don't know where they are at night.
These fields are massive. They get lost.
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00:19:10,810 --> 00:19:13,050
They are going to do what they are going to do.
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00:19:15,480 --> 00:19:18,850
It does not kill the bees.
But it repels the bees.
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00:19:19,240 --> 00:19:22,770
If after this material has dried on the bloom.
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00:19:24,700 --> 00:19:29,910
The bees bring that material back to the colony
and feed it to the babies.
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00:19:29,920 --> 00:19:32,530
19 days later we see an impact on the brood
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00:19:32,840 --> 00:19:34,780
We see brood die off.
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00:19:35,090 --> 00:19:40,000
And it is the fungicide at work.
Pretty much everyone knows it.
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00:19:48,930 --> 00:19:52,970
That's the only two motivations in life:
Greed and fear.
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00:19:53,400 --> 00:19:58,100
I don't know how to shrink a business
or a life style.
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00:19:58,400 --> 00:20:02,310
I would not be happy.
That is not in my DNA.
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00:20:02,610 --> 00:20:05,650
We are capitalists. We want to grow.
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00:20:08,330 --> 00:20:10,940
Total global domination.
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00:20:43,990 --> 00:20:47,230
Here the bees are feeling good.
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00:20:48,200 --> 00:20:51,980
They are having Sunday today.
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00:20:52,620 --> 00:20:56,400
No wonder they are making
such a clear honey.
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00:20:57,710 --> 00:21:02,450
Pure nature, no fungicide, no poison, anywhere.
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00:21:02,760 --> 00:21:05,460
This will be a wonderful honey.
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00:21:05,970 --> 00:21:08,500
I'm already looking forward to serve this honey.
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00:21:10,850 --> 00:21:13,670
Our bees are from an old rural breed.
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00:21:14,100 --> 00:21:18,720
The have accustomed themselves
to the surroundings since centuries.
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00:21:19,020 --> 00:21:22,800
If I would bring bees
from the middle land up here,
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00:21:23,110 --> 00:21:25,940
These bees would have a hard time
to survive the winter.
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00:21:26,240 --> 00:21:30,070
My bees need to survive
a winter longer than half a year.
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00:21:30,370 --> 00:21:35,570
And my bees are now used to that.
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00:21:35,870 --> 00:21:37,860
That's why it works well now.
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00:21:50,010 --> 00:21:51,420
Look at that ...
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00:21:51,850 --> 00:21:56,170
You don't belong here
with your yellow tail. Get away!
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00:21:57,810 --> 00:22:03,970
There, behind that mountain,
someone has bees.
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00:22:04,280 --> 00:22:09,600
I have no idea what breed he is having.
But occasionally his bees fly over here.
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00:22:09,620 --> 00:22:14,610
The strange bee with the yellow tail
is living in another bee hive.
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00:22:14,620 --> 00:22:20,880
Her virgin queen was flying over the mountain
during swarming and was inseminated here by male bees.
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00:22:21,130 --> 00:22:24,870
This insemination happens somewhere in the air.
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00:22:25,170 --> 00:22:29,790
The queen finds a swarm of drones.
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00:22:30,100 --> 00:22:35,210
Drones (male bees) from another colony.
From another beekeeper.
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00:22:35,680 --> 00:22:39,130
A queen gets inseminated by up to 10 drones.
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00:22:39,440 --> 00:22:41,800
Like this a mixing can occur.
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00:22:49,280 --> 00:22:52,230
What kind of breed this is?
- Carnica.
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00:22:53,540 --> 00:22:59,650
I am a bit disappointed because
the old rural breed slowly disappears.
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00:23:01,460 --> 00:23:03,700
Yes, they are having this yellow tail.
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00:23:04,710 --> 00:23:07,450
I used to have the rural breed.
My father too.
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00:23:08,130 --> 00:23:10,610
Why did you change to Carnica?
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00:23:11,600 --> 00:23:15,250
To tell the truth. Now I don't
need a ladder anymore.
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00:23:15,560 --> 00:23:18,230
No more searching and collecting swarms.
- Really?
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00:23:18,940 --> 00:23:22,140
Of my 70 colonies only three of them
flew around for swarming.
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00:23:22,440 --> 00:23:25,000
Really?
- Yes, indeed.
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00:23:27,280 --> 00:23:31,850
Also, I get bitten only very seldom
by Carnica bees.
185
00:23:32,370 --> 00:23:36,400
So, you are saying these bees bite less
than bees from my rural breed? - For sure.
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00:23:36,700 --> 00:23:40,280
Sometimes I work with friends having the rural breed.
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00:23:41,080 --> 00:23:46,790
If I would have to do beekeeping
with the rural breed again, I would stop.
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00:23:47,090 --> 00:23:50,250
I would not be able to have 70 colonies.
- Really?
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00:23:50,550 --> 00:23:53,540
I don't need a protecting net.
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00:23:54,680 --> 00:23:56,250
I never use it anymore.
191
00:23:56,560 --> 00:24:01,470
Don't you want to change as well?
- I think I am too old for it.
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00:24:01,770 --> 00:24:05,630
You are not that old yet, aren't you.
- I am, I'm getting weaker.
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00:24:09,290 --> 00:24:14,490
The fact that the insemination
happens in the air by other drones,
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00:24:14,500 --> 00:24:17,620
not inside the own hive by the own brothers,
195
00:24:17,630 --> 00:24:21,790
is a natural protection against incest.
196
00:24:21,800 --> 00:24:25,020
The queen is the mother of all
the 50'000 bees in the hive
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00:24:25,030 --> 00:24:28,050
She is laying up to 2'000 eggs per day,
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00:24:28,060 --> 00:24:32,220
which corresponds to the weight
of her own body.
199
00:24:32,230 --> 00:24:35,450
The other bees in the hive take
very good care of the queen.
200
00:24:35,460 --> 00:24:43,690
They feed her. They clean her.
201
00:24:43,700 --> 00:24:47,860
When the queen dies, the bees have to
raise a new queen.
202
00:24:47,870 --> 00:24:53,070
This risky period takes one month
203
00:24:53,090 --> 00:24:59,340
The queen can also lay not inseminated eggs.
These eggs will develop into drones.
204
00:24:59,350 --> 00:25:04,550
The eggs which were inseminated by drones
will develop into working bees.
205
00:25:04,560 --> 00:25:07,780
The egg first develops into a larva
206
00:25:07,790 --> 00:25:10,810
The bees feed the larva with nectar and pollen
207
00:25:10,820 --> 00:25:13,940
Then they close the lid.
208
00:25:13,950 --> 00:25:17,170
The larva pupate,
209
00:25:17,180 --> 00:25:23,010
and three weeks later a bee emerges.
210
00:25:32,820 --> 00:25:36,980
The bigger male drones need three days
longer to hatch out.
211
00:25:36,990 --> 00:25:42,090
The drones must be fed by the bees,
212
00:25:42,100 --> 00:25:46,260
such that they have enough strength
for their daily flight in the afternoon,
213
00:25:46,280 --> 00:25:51,590
hoping to find a princess in the air.
214
00:25:51,600 --> 00:25:58,480
In autumn, at the end of the mating season
the remaining drones are killed by the bees.
215
00:26:15,360 --> 00:26:18,900
If I find the new queen,
I will have to kill her.
216
00:26:21,200 --> 00:26:22,440
Here she is.
217
00:26:34,670 --> 00:26:36,870
You were having fun with foreign drones.
218
00:26:38,140 --> 00:26:42,960
That's the penalty for it.
219
00:27:01,420 --> 00:27:07,560
Actually honey is not meant for us humans.
220
00:27:07,570 --> 00:27:11,730
Grandpa had to steal the honey from the bees,
221
00:27:11,740 --> 00:27:14,960
and gave them cheap sugar to compensate.
222
00:27:14,970 --> 00:27:19,030
Like trading glass pearls for gold
with the native Americans 300 years ago.
223
00:27:19,040 --> 00:27:26,330
We even increased their honey yield
by breeding.
224
00:27:26,340 --> 00:27:29,560
More yield, less bites.
225
00:27:29,570 --> 00:27:33,630
Breeding bees means controlling their queen.
226
00:27:33,640 --> 00:27:41,970
She is the key figure.
227
00:27:41,980 --> 00:27:45,100
The colony decides when they need a new queen.
228
00:27:45,120 --> 00:27:49,380
Then they start building a special cell.
229
00:27:49,390 --> 00:27:54,490
Before the new princess hatches out,
the old queen leaves the hive with most of the bees,
230
00:27:54,500 --> 00:27:58,660
to leave the hive for the new generation.
231
00:27:58,670 --> 00:28:02,830
Starting with one colony, suddenly there are two colonies.
232
00:28:02,850 --> 00:28:05,960
Beekeepers control and manipulate this natural process.
233
00:28:05,970 --> 00:28:09,090
They take away the queen from the colony,
234
00:28:09,100 --> 00:28:15,350
forcing the colony to breed new queens.
235
00:28:24,850 --> 00:28:29,940
I put a fertilized egg into this cell.
236
00:28:29,960 --> 00:28:40,370
Three days later there will be a larva.
237
00:28:40,380 --> 00:28:46,940
I put this larva here to the big cells.
238
00:28:56,030 --> 00:29:04,360
Here the bees raise new queens, with special nectar.
239
00:29:04,370 --> 00:29:10,720
By marking the larva with a special royal jelly
240
00:29:10,740 --> 00:29:20,000
the bees decide to raise a new queen
instead of raising an ordinary working bee.
241
00:29:20,020 --> 00:29:24,280
Now I but this special larva
to the nursing colony
242
00:29:24,290 --> 00:29:31,470
I want to get 51 new queens from you!
243
00:29:31,490 --> 00:29:40,020
Please take good care of them,
my bees.
244
00:29:40,040 --> 00:29:44,090
The nursing colony is under stress,
245
00:29:44,100 --> 00:29:47,220
manipulated by the beekeeper.
246
00:29:47,230 --> 00:29:50,450
Not having a queen yet,
not having any breed yet.
247
00:29:50,460 --> 00:29:53,480
The colony urgently need
a new queen,
248
00:29:53,500 --> 00:30:00,680
Else the colony dies.
249
00:30:00,690 --> 00:30:03,910
Actually they just need one queen.
250
00:30:03,920 --> 00:30:11,520
But in their misery they raise
all the 51 queens.
251
00:30:43,550 --> 00:30:48,640
The first queen to hatch out
would kill all the 50 others queens.
252
00:30:48,660 --> 00:30:53,860
One colony can only have one queen.
253
00:30:53,870 --> 00:30:59,070
Therefore the developing queens
have to be harvested in time
254
00:30:59,080 --> 00:31:04,290
to be distributed and separated
each to a small colony to hatch out
255
00:31:04,300 --> 00:31:11,580
Here you can see a queen moving her legs.
She will hatch out in a few hours.
256
00:31:11,600 --> 00:31:18,360
So I put her here to this small
group of bees.
257
00:32:35,010 --> 00:32:40,210
After sex with the queen the drone dies.
258
00:32:40,240 --> 00:32:45,440
Coming back from the maiden flight,
the queen has received five million sperms.
259
00:32:45,450 --> 00:32:50,440
This will last for eight years.
260
00:32:53,900 --> 00:33:04,310
As soon as the queen starts laying eggs
we take her out. Now we can sell her.
261
00:33:04,320 --> 00:33:09,420
This is a permanent marker.
262
00:33:09,430 --> 00:33:13,590
Each year we use another colour.
263
00:33:13,600 --> 00:33:17,240
With the marker,
the queen can be found easily in the hive,
264
00:33:17,250 --> 00:33:22,980
and we can know how old she is.
265
00:33:22,990 --> 00:33:26,940
The queen will be send to any place
in the world.
266
00:33:26,950 --> 00:33:30,170
We send her in this little box,
together with a few working bees.
267
00:33:30,180 --> 00:33:33,510
They form a small colony already.
268
00:33:33,530 --> 00:33:37,580
Now we apply a bit of smoke.
269
00:33:37,600 --> 00:33:40,820
The queen is still smelly from the marker,
270
00:33:40,830 --> 00:33:43,950
therefore we use a bit of water, too.
271
00:33:43,960 --> 00:33:49,680
Now they clean each other,
and now they accept her as the new queen.
272
00:33:58,350 --> 00:34:04,070
So, that's another 60 Euro.
- Thank you.
273
00:34:29,840 --> 00:34:34,930
Singer queens are sold worldwide,
274
00:34:34,950 --> 00:34:40,770
either in a little box,
or else in a bigger box.
275
00:34:54,860 --> 00:34:58,710
This one goes to Innsbruck.
276
00:34:58,720 --> 00:35:04,550
Should arrive by tomorrow.
277
00:35:45,540 --> 00:35:52,820
European settlers brought the honey bee to the USA.
278
00:35:52,850 --> 00:35:58,470
The settlers cultivated the land with
fruits and vegetables.
279
00:35:58,480 --> 00:36:04,830
Therefore they needed the bees.
280
00:36:04,840 --> 00:36:11,090
Continuously new breeds are being
imported to the USA.
281
00:36:59,050 --> 00:37:01,440
I am a migrant beekeeper.
282
00:37:01,880 --> 00:37:07,920
In practice this means we go where the bees
have the most opportunities to fly.
283
00:37:08,390 --> 00:37:10,340
That takes us across America
284
00:37:10,640 --> 00:37:15,930
In the course of a year we go from California,
where the almonds and the cherries begin the season
285
00:37:16,230 --> 00:37:19,680
in early spring, in February.
286
00:37:20,440 --> 00:37:24,850
We then go to Washington State
for apple, apricot and cherry pollination
287
00:37:25,280 --> 00:37:28,650
in late March and April.
288
00:37:29,450 --> 00:37:32,740
We move the entire outfit to North Dakota
for summer.
289
00:37:33,040 --> 00:37:36,620
All the bees go for honey production in the summer.
290
00:37:37,000 --> 00:37:42,200
By October first we begun to close the circle
291
00:37:42,510 --> 00:37:46,200
moving the colonies back west before Winter.
292
00:37:46,510 --> 00:37:49,540
So the course of a year is one big circle.
293
00:38:12,450 --> 00:38:17,110
From California to North Dakota its 1700 miles.
294
00:38:21,760 --> 00:38:25,210
We try to transport the bees in two days
295
00:38:25,510 --> 00:38:27,420
and spend one night on the road.
296
00:38:28,390 --> 00:38:33,620
The less time the bees spend on the truck
the healthier they will be.
297
00:38:35,100 --> 00:38:40,550
The bees can't fly outside their hive when we are
trucking them and cannot go to the bathroom.
298
00:38:40,860 --> 00:38:47,140
The longer they have to stay inside their box,
in all their dirt
299
00:38:47,950 --> 00:38:52,730
the unhealthier they will be.
It's stressful.
300
00:38:53,160 --> 00:38:55,830
It's not natural for the bees
to be on the truck.
301
00:38:56,210 --> 00:39:00,200
The sooner we get them of the truck,
the better it's going to be.
302
00:39:48,890 --> 00:39:52,010
The resting stops are short
303
00:39:52,020 --> 00:39:58,480
Without the wind from driving,
it's getting to hot inside the boxes.
304
00:40:29,040 --> 00:40:34,660
On the big fields 1.5 million bee colonies
are mingling,
305
00:40:34,670 --> 00:40:38,830
which is two third of all the bees of the States.
306
00:40:38,840 --> 00:40:43,000
There they also transfer diseases and parasites
among each other.
307
00:40:43,020 --> 00:40:55,520
Like this a disease can spread
around the country very fast.
308
00:40:55,530 --> 00:40:59,690
Nosemo is an intestinal parasite
killing the bee from within.
309
00:40:59,710 --> 00:41:03,860
Wax maggots can destroy a hive.
310
00:41:03,880 --> 00:41:09,180
Another parasite kills larva.
311
00:41:09,190 --> 00:41:17,420
The most dangerous parasite of all is
a mite with the name Varroa destructor.
312
00:41:17,430 --> 00:41:21,590
This mite breeds inside the bee hive.
313
00:41:21,600 --> 00:41:25,870
Young mites attack the larva,
and even attack the bees.
314
00:41:25,880 --> 00:41:29,100
They can bite through the carapace of the bee,
315
00:41:29,110 --> 00:41:39,110
and suck their fluids.
316
00:41:39,120 --> 00:41:44,530
Where they bite the bees, viral
infections can occur.
317
00:41:44,550 --> 00:41:50,390
The bees will lose their wings.
318
00:42:48,020 --> 00:42:51,800
There is very few bees here.
This is trouble.
319
00:42:54,190 --> 00:42:56,940
So let's have a look.
320
00:42:59,660 --> 00:43:01,020
There are no bees.
321
00:43:04,710 --> 00:43:06,700
This is what we don't like.
322
00:43:13,170 --> 00:43:15,950
Classic colony collapse disorder.
323
00:43:16,550 --> 00:43:17,870
A queen ...
324
00:43:20,470 --> 00:43:23,300
Twenty friends ...
325
00:43:26,560 --> 00:43:27,970
and nothing else.
326
00:43:29,860 --> 00:43:33,390
This is a total loss.
And we don't know why.
327
00:43:38,860 --> 00:43:39,970
Just ...
328
00:43:44,290 --> 00:43:45,530
just gone!
329
00:43:46,040 --> 00:43:47,360
Plenty of pollen.
330
00:43:48,500 --> 00:43:49,770
Plenty of nectar.
331
00:43:51,170 --> 00:43:53,120
No evidence of brood.
332
00:43:54,920 --> 00:43:59,290
I am getting real comfortable
with death on an epic scale.
333
00:44:00,140 --> 00:44:01,580
I don't like it.
334
00:44:11,440 --> 00:44:15,180
I doesn't burn and it doesn't sting
like it used to.
335
00:44:16,070 --> 00:44:19,640
You know, it used to
"oh good it's like a death in the family".
336
00:44:21,320 --> 00:44:25,690
And now it's just something we have
got to fix. It's just ...
337
00:44:27,500 --> 00:44:29,530
You know, I got to fix it.
338
00:44:29,830 --> 00:44:34,320
I don't have time to take it personally.
I know this hive didn't mean to die.
339
00:44:34,630 --> 00:44:39,500
I don't know why it died.
But I can't fix it. I just got to move on.
340
00:44:40,220 --> 00:44:43,960
I can't mourn the loss of this hive.
It's just part of the game.
341
00:44:47,720 --> 00:44:52,590
We have got 365 out of 456.
342
00:44:53,310 --> 00:44:55,510
456?
- 456 end up.
343
00:45:00,200 --> 00:45:01,940
It's 20%.
344
00:45:02,700 --> 00:45:06,560
That's our worst load.
- Yea, the worst so far.
345
00:45:07,450 --> 00:45:09,360
But the ones that are here are ok.
346
00:45:14,290 --> 00:45:16,370
Hopefully the next are better.
347
00:45:16,670 --> 00:45:18,910
90 dugs.
348
00:45:21,510 --> 00:45:26,540
I am backed into a corner.
And I fight back with what I have:
349
00:45:27,890 --> 00:45:29,050
Chemicals.
350
00:46:07,000 --> 00:46:13,460
After the stressful journey the bees
are fed with sugar water.
351
00:46:13,470 --> 00:46:16,900
Mixed with antibiotics.
352
00:46:16,910 --> 00:46:27,840
Everywhere in Europe, North America and China
nowadays bees can't survive anymore without medicines.
353
00:46:55,380 --> 00:47:01,520
Ok. Let's start the program.
354
00:47:01,550 --> 00:47:07,060
This yellow neuron
not only tells the message "reward".
355
00:47:07,070 --> 00:47:16,130
It also contains the information:
"it was good".
356
00:47:16,140 --> 00:47:22,490
There are other neuron responsible for
fear, or defence.
357
00:47:22,500 --> 00:47:31,770
The 50'000 little brains are in a network together
forming a super organism.
358
00:47:31,780 --> 00:47:36,880
A huge family with 50'000 family members.
359
00:47:36,890 --> 00:47:43,240
Each family member carries out his duties.
360
00:47:43,250 --> 00:47:47,410
No one is in command. Everyone works.
361
00:47:47,430 --> 00:47:56,490
Even the larva form a part
of this information network.
362
00:48:05,990 --> 00:48:11,400
Each tentacle of the bees contains
about 60'000 aroma sensors.
363
00:48:11,410 --> 00:48:16,710
Sensing the aromas around, the bees know
everything what's going on in the hive.
364
00:48:16,740 --> 00:48:23,920
Even their legs contain aroma sensors.
365
00:48:23,930 --> 00:48:35,180
Like this they know everything like: "Where is the queen"
or "are there enough eggs" or "are there enough reserves".
366
00:48:35,190 --> 00:48:39,560
Without a colony a single bee cannot survive.
367
00:48:39,570 --> 00:48:45,820
She gives up her individual freedom
for the wellbeing of the colony.
368
00:48:45,830 --> 00:48:54,470
Each day about 2000 bees die,
and about 2000 new-born bees hatch out.
369
00:49:08,770 --> 00:49:15,010
The interesting question is:
Is the colony a regulated system ?
370
00:49:25,550 --> 00:49:31,490
The answer is: yes, the colony as a whole
can have its own feelings
371
00:50:45,530 --> 00:50:49,790
When swarming one colony can duplicate into two colonies
372
00:50:49,810 --> 00:50:56,150
In industrial beekeeping this process is manipulated
to make four colonies out of one.
373
00:50:56,170 --> 00:50:59,920
Like this the beekeeper can compensate
the dead colonies.
374
00:51:00,600 --> 00:51:01,750
Brood.
375
00:51:03,850 --> 00:51:04,920
Honey.
376
00:51:07,150 --> 00:51:08,300
Eggs.
377
00:51:08,940 --> 00:51:13,140
Everybody needs somebody
that they can talk to.
378
00:51:13,900 --> 00:51:17,940
Someone to open up their ears
and let that trouble through.
379
00:51:18,240 --> 00:51:22,320
Now you don't have to sympathize
or care what they may do
380
00:51:23,200 --> 00:51:27,780
But everybody needs somebody
that they can talk to
381
00:51:29,550 --> 00:51:32,670
Each colony gets split
382
00:51:32,690 --> 00:51:36,740
Brood, honey, and eggs get separated
to different boxes like spare parts.
383
00:51:36,760 --> 00:51:39,970
Mixed with other colonies.
384
00:51:39,990 --> 00:51:44,040
Most of the queens do not survive this process.
385
00:51:44,060 --> 00:51:49,890
New queens are delivered by FEDEX.
386
00:51:56,070 --> 00:51:59,900
Things have changed rapidly.
We don't keep bees the way my dad did.
387
00:52:00,740 --> 00:52:07,320
My grandfather would probably
walk away from this property. Disturbed.
388
00:52:07,620 --> 00:52:09,990
If he saw the way we keep bees today.
389
00:52:10,420 --> 00:52:13,330
He'd think: "My God, you have lost your soul,
390
00:52:13,630 --> 00:52:18,620
the husbandry of the hive and the care
and the compassion in the keeping of the hive."
391
00:52:18,930 --> 00:52:23,880
He'd say we have sacrificed
our relationship with the colony.
392
00:52:24,180 --> 00:52:29,380
But it was probably easier
to maintain that relationship with the hive.
393
00:52:29,690 --> 00:52:32,590
He was probably running 1500 hives.
394
00:52:32,900 --> 00:52:36,720
We are running ten times that.
We have 10x the employees,
395
00:52:37,030 --> 00:52:42,310
we have 10x the property,
we have 10x of square foot of plants and equipment.
396
00:52:42,950 --> 00:52:47,150
We have 10x the trucks, 10x the power, 10x the cost.
397
00:53:36,800 --> 00:53:41,890
The colony with the black rural breed
made a new queen without the yellow tail.
398
00:53:41,910 --> 00:53:46,170
On her maiden flight
the queen did not leave the narrow valley
399
00:53:46,190 --> 00:53:53,270
So the colony is a true bred rural breed.
400
00:54:01,030 --> 00:54:04,440
At first sight it looks ok.
401
00:54:05,910 --> 00:54:08,190
But there is not much brood.
402
00:54:09,580 --> 00:54:10,900
Oh no, Fred.
403
00:54:11,370 --> 00:54:12,990
What do you see?
404
00:54:16,130 --> 00:54:18,030
Doesn't look good.
405
00:54:21,970 --> 00:54:25,120
Look here, that's typical, very extreme.
406
00:54:26,600 --> 00:54:30,290
This is a typical foulbrood disease.
407
00:54:31,390 --> 00:54:33,790
Let's hope it is the only one.
408
00:54:35,310 --> 00:54:37,430
Unfortunately this colony is also ill.
409
00:54:38,270 --> 00:54:40,010
I don't like what I see.
410
00:54:41,070 --> 00:54:44,180
The bees did not clean the hive anymore.
411
00:54:44,490 --> 00:54:48,980
It's a bad sign when the bees stop cleaning.
- Shit! Dammed!
412
00:54:51,910 --> 00:54:54,110
Do you see it?
413
00:54:55,420 --> 00:54:57,360
This colony is lost, Fred.
414
00:55:00,550 --> 00:55:05,580
I can be smelled.
- Once you can smell it, it's very bad already.
415
00:55:12,270 --> 00:55:15,470
Should we start using the sulphur gas already?
416
00:55:20,190 --> 00:55:26,060
Where does foulbrood come from?
- It is a bacterial disease. Very contagious.
417
00:55:27,240 --> 00:55:31,230
Maybe other drones brought it to the hive.
418
00:55:35,040 --> 00:55:36,950
I feel very sorry for you.
419
00:58:53,570 --> 00:58:57,980
We drive by car to the south,
to the province Shanxi.
420
00:58:58,870 --> 00:59:01,980
The drive is 2000 km long.
421
00:59:03,750 --> 00:59:09,910
It takes two days. Two drivers take turns.
422
00:59:10,710 --> 00:59:12,540
It is really a long drive.
423
00:59:21,560 --> 00:59:25,880
When arrived in the South,
424
00:59:26,190 --> 00:59:29,880
we rent there a big storage room,
where we dry the pollen of the flowers.
425
00:59:31,320 --> 00:59:36,140
When the apply bloom begins,
we buy the apple flowers from the farmers.
426
00:59:38,160 --> 00:59:42,230
Then we start to process the flowers.
427
00:59:43,620 --> 00:59:46,900
We also transport a fridge in our car.
428
00:59:48,250 --> 00:59:49,950
Driving back North
429
00:59:50,250 --> 00:59:54,540
we use local electricity for the fridge
when we make a rest.
430
00:59:54,840 --> 01:00:00,830
With the fridge we keep the pollen fertile.
431
01:00:02,680 --> 01:00:08,130
As soon the apple trees
start blooming here in the North,
432
01:00:08,440 --> 01:00:11,850
we sell the pollen to the local farmers.
433
01:00:20,290 --> 01:00:24,450
Mao Tse Tung wanted
to get rid of all the sparrows.
434
01:00:24,460 --> 01:00:27,580
He said
the sparrows steal the crop from the people.
435
01:00:27,590 --> 01:00:30,710
Billions of sparrows were eliminated.
436
01:00:30,730 --> 01:00:33,740
As a result there were
lots and lots of insects and bugs.
437
01:00:33,750 --> 01:00:36,970
The insects were then killed
using pesticides.
438
01:00:36,990 --> 01:00:42,300
Also the bees died.
439
01:00:56,690 --> 01:01:00,980
Is 50 gram enough?
This year there was not so much pollen.
440
01:01:01,280 --> 01:01:03,760
That's all I'm having now.
441
01:01:04,080 --> 01:01:06,440
When I have sold them
I will contact you again.
442
01:01:06,750 --> 01:01:11,610
I take 4 Yuan per gram,
you can sell it for 5 Yuan.
443
01:01:15,500 --> 01:01:18,250
One package, 50 lots, please count.
444
01:01:23,510 --> 01:01:25,960
You can give me the money,
when you have it.
445
01:01:27,270 --> 01:01:33,180
For sure you can sell them easily.
- 15, 16, 17, ...
446
01:01:37,350 --> 01:01:41,510
Einstein said
when the bees die
447
01:01:41,520 --> 01:01:46,620
four years later also the humans die.
448
01:01:46,850 --> 01:01:49,960
I travel in time to the future:
449
01:01:49,980 --> 01:01:54,140
amazingly in China there are regions
without bees.
450
01:01:54,150 --> 01:01:59,780
Only reluctantly I am allowed to film.
451
01:02:56,710 --> 01:03:00,870
At a University in Beijing
people study the question
452
01:03:00,890 --> 01:03:08,070
who is the better pollinator?
Humans or bees.
453
01:03:08,080 --> 01:03:14,330
But the result of the researchers
is clear: bees are the better pollinators.
454
01:03:37,900 --> 01:03:40,800
Here is what we have worked for
all summer long.
455
01:03:42,480 --> 01:03:44,020
We see this abundance of honey.
456
01:03:44,440 --> 01:03:49,190
Beautiful summer honey.
457
01:03:49,490 --> 01:03:50,480
Off.
458
01:03:53,910 --> 01:03:54,930
This is mine.
459
01:03:55,250 --> 01:03:57,030
They don't like sharing too much.
460
01:03:58,580 --> 01:04:01,740
My thought was, taste it.
461
01:04:05,010 --> 01:04:09,170
Yea, that's good. That's real good,
that's straight out from the hive.
462
01:04:12,140 --> 01:04:16,130
It's traumatic. It's hard on them.
They don't understand it.
463
01:04:16,890 --> 01:04:21,090
'Cause they have been flying
in the fields for months undisturbed,
464
01:04:21,400 --> 01:04:25,020
and now suddenly someone came
and put the smoke in their face,
465
01:04:25,440 --> 01:04:29,730
and put the boxes off
strip their comb bars,
466
01:04:30,030 --> 01:04:32,110
and handle them roughly,
467
01:04:32,410 --> 01:04:37,900
and now the lids are back on them
and the hive is a lot smaller than it used to be.
468
01:06:05,400 --> 01:06:08,510
In the three to four weeks of her life
469
01:06:08,530 --> 01:06:11,750
a bee can produce about one teaspoon of honey.
470
01:06:11,970 --> 01:06:17,900
For 1 kg of honey the total flying distance
of a bee is about 3x around the globe.
471
01:06:18,020 --> 01:06:21,030
Any chemicals the bee filters out into
her own body.
472
01:06:21,040 --> 01:06:24,260
They sacrifice themselves for the offspring.
473
01:06:24,270 --> 01:06:27,280
The larva should only eat clean honey.
474
01:06:27,300 --> 01:06:31,250
But there stay some leftovers of pesticides.
475
01:07:32,990 --> 01:07:38,190
To replace the bees here,
it would need many Chinese farmers.
476
01:07:38,200 --> 01:07:45,490
For this abundance of almonds
four billions of bees had to work for 1 month.
477
01:07:45,500 --> 01:07:53,940
Even a vegetarian person is dependent on
industrialized beekeeping.
478
01:07:53,950 --> 01:07:57,070
I am still searching a cause
for the worldwide dying of bees.
479
01:07:57,080 --> 01:08:07,390
In the bible there is written:
People, go to the world and be prosperous!
480
01:08:07,410 --> 01:08:11,570
There might lay the cause for
the problems of the bees.
481
01:08:11,580 --> 01:08:16,780
They don't die from just pesticides,
parasites, or antibiotics, incest or stress.
482
01:08:16,790 --> 01:08:21,990
It is the sum of all these problems,
which is too much for the bees.
483
01:08:22,000 --> 01:08:27,210
The bees are dying because of the
dominance of human civilization.
484
01:08:27,220 --> 01:08:33,460
Humans transformed wild bees into
harmless domesticated bees.
485
01:08:33,470 --> 01:08:40,450
But why the bees are putting up with it.
Don't they want to fight back?
486
01:09:07,880 --> 01:09:15,170
For this movie we travelled a lot.
487
01:09:15,290 --> 01:09:21,430
The narrator tells a story from
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
488
01:09:21,450 --> 01:09:27,590
The Red Queen's race is an incident
where the Red Queen,
489
01:09:27,600 --> 01:09:33,950
and Alice constantly running
but remaining in the same spot.
490
01:09:33,960 --> 01:09:40,210
"Well, in our country," said Alice,
"you'd generally get to somewhere else
491
01:09:40,220 --> 01:09:46,570
if you run very fast for a long time,
as we've been doing."
492
01:09:46,580 --> 01:09:52,720
"A slow sort of country!"
said the Queen.
493
01:09:52,730 --> 01:10:02,220
"Now, here, you see, it takes all the running
you can do, to keep in the same place."
494
01:10:14,500 --> 01:10:18,280
One of the first persons to come to the scene
the Lakeville fire fighter chief
495
01:10:18,590 --> 01:10:23,170
couldn't figure out why there was a cloud
around the accident, while there was nothing on fire.
496
01:10:23,590 --> 01:10:28,740
There was a black haze around the whole scene.
I have never seen quite anything like that.
497
01:10:29,390 --> 01:10:33,510
He didn't know he drove
right into a swarm of bees
498
01:10:36,320 --> 01:10:39,060
Stung in the face a few times
499
01:10:39,480 --> 01:10:42,150
immediately he ordered
his crews to wear full gears for protection.
500
01:10:42,450 --> 01:10:44,690
14 people have died in the US since 2004
501
01:10:45,120 --> 01:10:48,270
after being attacked
by swarms of killer bees.
502
01:10:48,580 --> 01:10:51,780
Killer bees first escaped from a
Brazilian breeding expert.
503
01:10:52,080 --> 01:10:54,640
then migrated through Central America
and Mexico.
504
01:10:54,960 --> 01:11:00,070
Along the way getting a deadly reputation
allegedly killing hundreds of people.
505
01:11:00,080 --> 01:11:04,650
Killer bees are a cross-breeding from
European and African bees.
506
01:11:04,670 --> 01:11:09,870
Their correct name is
Africanized honey bee.
507
01:11:09,880 --> 01:11:16,230
26 swarms could escape
from a laboratory in Sao Paolo.
508
01:11:16,240 --> 01:11:21,970
Is this the time where
the bees finally start fighting back?
509
01:11:32,620 --> 01:11:35,190
I came to get your bees.
510
01:11:35,620 --> 01:11:38,450
We have to take off the stuff here.
511
01:11:38,920 --> 01:11:42,120
I will get a suit, right?
- Yea, you get a suit.
512
01:11:42,420 --> 01:11:44,200
Fred, you are my friend!
513
01:11:44,680 --> 01:11:50,210
In 1992 a local minister
called me to his home.
514
01:11:50,560 --> 01:11:53,260
He said, I want you to get my bees,
515
01:11:53,560 --> 01:12:00,260
because his neighbour had put in
an exercise ring for horses.
516
01:12:00,860 --> 01:12:07,300
The bees on his property were stinging
the horses, and the people on the horses,
517
01:12:07,610 --> 01:12:13,480
because the horses were making a lot
of noise and vibrating the earth,
518
01:12:13,790 --> 01:12:16,570
and of course bees don't like that.
519
01:12:17,170 --> 01:12:22,500
I went over dressed like this, with
no protection, just a short-sleeve shirt,
520
01:12:22,800 --> 01:12:27,120
because I was used working
with the European bees,
521
01:12:27,430 --> 01:12:30,460
and I thought this won't be a big problem.
522
01:12:30,760 --> 01:12:32,420
I went over there, and of course it was a problem.
523
01:12:32,720 --> 01:12:36,920
The bees were much more ferocious than
any bees I have ever seen previously.
524
01:12:37,350 --> 01:12:39,680
I was not sure exactly what they were,
525
01:12:39,980 --> 01:12:44,560
I thought, I just find the queens
and put in nice new queens,
526
01:12:44,860 --> 01:12:47,640
because these bees were just too mean.
527
01:12:47,950 --> 01:12:51,270
I put in a nice queen
528
01:12:51,580 --> 01:12:56,860
and the bees killed her immediately,
and then raise their own queens.
529
01:12:59,120 --> 01:13:01,490
It's always a good idea to pee first.
530
01:13:02,130 --> 01:13:04,520
Before we get the bees excited.
531
01:13:04,840 --> 01:13:07,540
So if you need to go, now it's the time.
532
01:13:08,840 --> 01:13:12,290
No, I am pretty good.
- You are pretty good? - Yea, I think so.
533
01:13:31,110 --> 01:13:32,770
Ready Fred?
- Ready!
534
01:13:34,160 --> 01:13:35,820
Be careful.
535
01:13:37,750 --> 01:13:39,280
A beautiful nest.
536
01:13:39,710 --> 01:13:44,320
Perfect rows. Filled with cavities.
537
01:13:44,630 --> 01:13:47,080
Rebo, these are your killer bees.
538
01:13:48,010 --> 01:13:50,330
The honey flows.
539
01:13:50,630 --> 01:13:52,170
This row is fresh.
540
01:13:52,470 --> 01:13:55,670
The stuff further back are brood combs?
- Yea.
541
01:13:59,640 --> 01:14:01,010
Look at it!
542
01:14:02,350 --> 01:14:03,840
It's beautiful.
543
01:14:08,780 --> 01:14:10,480
Looks good, even in the bucket.
544
01:14:10,860 --> 01:14:15,440
You know, Rebo, when we lived in Tucson,
15 years ago,
545
01:14:15,950 --> 01:14:19,990
it probably would have cost you
1000$, to take this out.
546
01:14:22,120 --> 01:14:25,450
At that time I had parasitic mites.
547
01:14:26,000 --> 01:14:31,620
So I thought, these really vicious hives,
I won't treat them with chemicals,
548
01:14:31,930 --> 01:14:34,210
and so the mites will kill them.
549
01:14:36,010 --> 01:14:37,920
The mites did not kill them.
550
01:14:38,810 --> 01:14:43,010
These hives thrived with now treatment,
551
01:14:43,520 --> 01:14:49,180
whereas my gently treated hives
did not do very well at all.
552
01:14:50,030 --> 01:14:55,060
So I began to think,
maybe there is something to these bees.
553
01:14:55,370 --> 01:14:59,310
At that time I was thinking,
maybe these bees were African bees.
554
01:14:59,620 --> 01:15:01,740
I didn't tell anyone,
555
01:15:02,540 --> 01:15:08,120
because I was afraid of
what might happen if I did.
556
01:15:12,470 --> 01:15:15,750
It's a nice brood.
- Yea, in the yellow combs.
557
01:15:16,050 --> 01:15:17,580
Where is our box?
558
01:15:19,640 --> 01:15:23,130
Now I see, what the string is for.
559
01:15:23,560 --> 01:15:26,800
That's what the bears
are getting the hive for.
560
01:15:27,190 --> 01:15:30,350
Not looking for the honey,
but looking for the brood.
561
01:15:35,530 --> 01:15:36,900
Here we go.
562
01:15:43,830 --> 01:15:45,990
For your hive?
- Yea.
563
01:15:46,290 --> 01:15:49,160
The queen will be somewhere here.
564
01:15:52,510 --> 01:15:53,950
Lid on.
565
01:15:58,100 --> 01:16:01,790
It's quite a bit heavier
than just the honey.
566
01:16:02,100 --> 01:16:04,300
It's amazing how much
a few bees weigh.
567
01:16:04,600 --> 01:16:06,880
Let's put it on the edge here.
568
01:16:07,520 --> 01:16:10,930
I want to make sure ...
- You are looking on the bottom?
569
01:16:11,230 --> 01:16:14,270
Are there any bees on the bottom?
- Not many.
570
01:16:14,570 --> 01:16:16,100
I think we are in good shape.
571
01:16:42,140 --> 01:16:45,800
All American are always
afraid of being invaded.
572
01:16:46,560 --> 01:16:51,140
If not by illegal immigrants
then by killer bees.
573
01:17:46,540 --> 01:17:49,490
I do have to wear a bee suit now.
574
01:17:49,790 --> 01:17:54,910
I do have to have to work
my bees much more carefully.
575
01:17:55,630 --> 01:17:59,000
But it's easily worth it. I do know
that they make more honey,
576
01:17:59,300 --> 01:18:02,330
and they make honey that doesn't
have any chemicals in it.
577
01:18:03,220 --> 01:18:05,090
That means an awful lot to me.
578
01:18:18,030 --> 01:18:20,420
Looking good! Lots of drones.
579
01:18:22,280 --> 01:18:24,900
The honey bees are not native in Australia.
580
01:18:25,200 --> 01:18:27,480
They arrived with the first settlers.
581
01:18:27,790 --> 01:18:32,990
And over time some of them escaped.
And they got established.
582
01:18:33,920 --> 01:18:37,910
Honey bees can't survive
without human help.
583
01:18:38,210 --> 01:18:42,830
This is different from Europe, China,
or North America.
584
01:18:49,470 --> 01:18:54,340
If we collect males, that's what
is Rodolfo doing up there at the moment,
585
01:18:54,650 --> 01:18:57,130
we can basically study the queen genes,
586
01:18:57,440 --> 01:19:00,810
because the drones a clone variants
of the queen.
587
01:19:01,110 --> 01:19:06,100
I always refer to our feral bees
in Australia as a big bank account,
588
01:19:06,870 --> 01:19:11,900
with no money on it, but
genetic variations of genes.
589
01:19:12,750 --> 01:19:17,780
With the work which we do here at the moment
we try to withdraw some of our assets,
590
01:19:18,210 --> 01:19:21,500
and use them for future bee breeding.
591
01:19:23,430 --> 01:19:26,540
Well done! Can we have a look.
- Yea.
592
01:19:34,390 --> 01:19:37,680
Look at this. It's really nice.
593
01:19:38,480 --> 01:19:39,970
They are very lively.
594
01:19:44,980 --> 01:19:48,090
My family still is interested in bees.
595
01:19:48,110 --> 01:19:53,310
Nowadays my nephews are fascinated by them.
596
01:19:53,320 --> 01:20:05,400
Will there still be bees around,
when they themselves are going to be grandfathers?
597
01:20:05,410 --> 01:20:13,120
My daughter and my son-in-law are studying bees
at the university of Western Australia in Perth.
598
01:20:13,130 --> 01:20:17,400
They are studying the immune system of bees.
599
01:20:17,410 --> 01:20:25,740
When I arrived, I had to burn my bee suit.
There might have been germs in it from my travels.
600
01:20:25,760 --> 01:20:28,560
In Australia the last healthy bees
of the world are living.
601
01:20:28,570 --> 01:20:31,380
A continent without Varroa mites.
602
01:20:31,540 --> 01:20:36,430
You can touch them. They are male drones.
They cannot bite.
603
01:20:38,880 --> 01:20:42,860
Is this Mother bee?
- No, this is farther bee.
604
01:20:55,690 --> 01:21:04,230
Queens of honey bees are being artificially
cross-inseminated here with Australian wild feral bees.
605
01:21:04,240 --> 01:21:17,790
To avoid a risky incident like the one in Brazil,
the cross-breed bees are brought to a small island.
606
01:21:17,800 --> 01:21:21,960
There they will have to survive a stress test.
607
01:21:21,970 --> 01:21:25,090
If they survive there will be further breeding.
608
01:21:25,100 --> 01:21:29,160
For the world market.
609
01:21:29,180 --> 01:21:38,550
If there will emerge new killer bees,
they can do no harm on this lonely island.
610
01:21:38,560 --> 01:21:42,830
On the other hand if all the mainland bees
die of diseases in future,
611
01:21:42,840 --> 01:21:49,720
these healthy bees on the lonely island
will be very useful for us humans.
612
01:21:52,120 --> 01:21:56,940
We think the genetic diversity among
these island bees is crucial.
613
01:21:57,250 --> 01:22:02,360
We should not try to concentrate on
one special breed only
614
01:22:02,670 --> 01:22:06,950
and loose genetic diversity by this,
615
01:22:07,260 --> 01:22:12,460
instead we try to bring in
new genes into this island bee population.
616
01:22:13,720 --> 01:22:16,590
Killer bees certainly have a superior immunity system,
617
01:22:16,890 --> 01:22:20,010
but they are as dangerous as wolves,
which is not acceptable.
618
01:22:20,310 --> 01:22:23,470
We humans want to live together with the bee.
619
01:22:23,770 --> 01:22:26,810
Thus we have to look for
620
01:22:27,110 --> 01:22:31,270
a compromise between killer bees
621
01:22:31,570 --> 01:22:35,860
and domesticated honey bees.
622
01:23:20,330 --> 01:23:24,400
We seem to be afraid of foreigners
coming into the country,
623
01:23:24,710 --> 01:23:27,780
even though we are all immigrants here.
624
01:23:28,380 --> 01:23:32,700
The African bees came,
they didn't have papers
625
01:23:33,130 --> 01:23:38,040
they didn't have permission,
nor visa nor passports.
626
01:23:38,350 --> 01:23:42,380
There was nothing we could do
to stop theses wild creatures.
627
01:23:42,680 --> 01:23:48,090
They have not been domesticated,
they are as they have always been.
628
01:23:48,860 --> 01:23:50,890
And people were very frightened.
629
01:23:53,860 --> 01:23:58,980
When I went to Brazil in 1995,
630
01:24:00,120 --> 01:24:05,740
I found that the country had completely
embraced the African bee.
631
01:24:06,540 --> 01:24:10,530
That what we have been told
about the African bee,
632
01:24:10,840 --> 01:24:15,290
that they didn't make honey,
that they were not good pollinators,
633
01:24:15,590 --> 01:24:17,920
that they were impossible to manage,
634
01:24:18,220 --> 01:24:21,340
I found that all those things
were completely false.
635
01:24:21,640 --> 01:24:24,420
They can survive on very scarce resources.
636
01:24:25,520 --> 01:24:27,760
If I were a gambling person,
637
01:24:28,650 --> 01:24:34,310
I would bet on the survival of the African bee
over just about any other species.
638
01:24:39,370 --> 01:24:43,730
I think they will be here
after we are gone.
639
01:25:45,930 --> 01:25:49,760
The bees that I took out from the roof
did not like their new nest
640
01:25:50,060 --> 01:25:52,260
so they left, they swarmed.
641
01:25:58,240 --> 01:26:01,060
They will find a limb on a tree
or something
642
01:26:01,370 --> 01:26:05,690
where they can cluster
to take care of the queen.
643
01:26:06,250 --> 01:26:11,530
From that cluster the bees will send out
scout bees to look for a suitable nest site.
644
01:26:55,380 --> 01:26:58,240
If a scout bee finds a suitable nest site,
645
01:26:58,670 --> 01:27:01,120
she will come back to this cluster of bees
646
01:27:01,430 --> 01:27:05,280
and she will tell her nest mates
about her very good site.
647
01:27:12,060 --> 01:27:15,750
When they reach a consensus
648
01:27:16,060 --> 01:27:18,850
then they will all leave together.
649
01:28:37,310 --> 01:28:40,760
Not even a bear could get to those bees.
650
01:28:43,890 --> 01:28:48,060
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