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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:46,368 --> 00:00:50,414 Our story begins at the heart of Europe... 2 00:00:54,334 --> 00:00:57,253 Big cities dominate the landscape 3 00:00:59,673 --> 00:01:01,998 Towering tributes to a dynamic culture. 4 00:01:06,179 --> 00:01:09,596 And an economy that's starting to grow. 5 00:01:13,979 --> 00:01:16,518 Home to many millions of us... 6 00:01:22,612 --> 00:01:24,854 But beyond these bustling urban centers, 7 00:01:25,490 --> 00:01:27,116 there is another world... 8 00:01:31,747 --> 00:01:34,950 A place of natural wonder... 9 00:01:39,880 --> 00:01:42,335 One of the largest wildernesses in Europe. 10 00:01:46,887 --> 00:01:51,098 Where vast ancient forests still grow.. 11 00:01:54,852 --> 00:01:57,473 And great mountains reach up to kiss the sky... 12 00:02:02,401 --> 00:02:04,940 Winding waters twist and turn... 13 00:02:11,494 --> 00:02:15,445 Beasts steeped in myth and legend roam free... 14 00:02:23,214 --> 00:02:27,259 They all share the same challenge: 15 00:02:29,929 --> 00:02:32,847 To survive the twists and turns of the changing seasons. 16 00:02:40,189 --> 00:02:43,309 Attempting to outlast the frozen Winter months... 17 00:02:45,903 --> 00:02:48,572 Nurture future generations during the Spring and Summer... 18 00:02:59,500 --> 00:03:03,166 And prepare for Winter, by reaping Autumn's bounty 19 00:03:12,722 --> 00:03:15,474 In Europe's most spectacular land. 20 00:03:17,601 --> 00:03:21,813 This is Untamed Romania, 21 00:03:29,488 --> 00:03:34,827 UNTAMED ROMANIA 22 00:04:00,101 --> 00:04:01,560 The Carpathian Mountains. 23 00:04:07,651 --> 00:04:13,274 Stretching for 1,600 kilometers, through 7 different countries, 24 00:04:14,074 --> 00:04:17,076 they are the backbone of our nation. 25 00:04:21,957 --> 00:04:26,251 Winter here is a cruel mistress. 26 00:04:29,464 --> 00:04:31,042 She leaves little in her path 27 00:04:31,675 --> 00:04:33,501 but ice and snow. 28 00:05:09,796 --> 00:05:13,462 Only a handful of specialists brave her frozen embrace. 29 00:05:14,676 --> 00:05:16,918 And only the most hardy will survive. 30 00:05:37,449 --> 00:05:40,318 But as Winter's icy grip begins to loosen... 31 00:05:43,579 --> 00:05:49,250 Deep in the forests, sleeping giants begin to stir. 32 00:06:39,760 --> 00:06:42,133 Brown bears have slept through 33 00:06:42,388 --> 00:06:45,805 the worst of winter, sheltering from the cold. 34 00:06:46,725 --> 00:06:49,845 Resting whilst food is scarce. 35 00:07:06,578 --> 00:07:09,782 This young bear probably hasn't eaten for weeks, 36 00:07:11,208 --> 00:07:12,667 and he's not the only one... 37 00:07:18,590 --> 00:07:22,043 There could be up to 5,000 bears in our forested heartland. 38 00:07:40,445 --> 00:07:45,523 At this time of year, they scour the cold forest floor 39 00:07:46,576 --> 00:07:48,451 for roots, nuts and bugs. 40 00:08:07,430 --> 00:08:11,677 These slopes are home to a variety of expert foragers. 41 00:08:21,444 --> 00:08:22,523 Wild boar. 42 00:08:27,575 --> 00:08:30,529 Their unfussy diet rivals our own; they will eat almost anything. 43 00:08:44,509 --> 00:08:47,083 This female has become separated from her herd, 44 00:08:47,303 --> 00:08:49,545 perhaps distracted by her search for food. 45 00:08:50,348 --> 00:08:52,839 But this makes her vulnerable... 46 00:10:01,043 --> 00:10:02,869 She's heavily outnumbered. 47 00:10:16,433 --> 00:10:20,016 Unable to outrun the wolves, she must face them head on. 48 00:10:57,474 --> 00:11:00,048 Her fierce defense has put the wolves off 49 00:11:04,231 --> 00:11:06,686 But she'll need to rejoin her herd, sooner rather than later. 50 00:11:15,784 --> 00:11:18,489 A boar could fatally wound a wolf 51 00:11:23,582 --> 00:11:25,374 But these creatures of folklore 52 00:11:26,043 --> 00:11:27,669 also need to eat. 53 00:11:29,839 --> 00:11:32,081 And they will soon have young to feed. 54 00:11:40,975 --> 00:11:43,763 Living in tight-family packs, they act and hunt as one. 55 00:12:23,351 --> 00:12:25,510 But their domain is about to change... 56 00:12:31,525 --> 00:12:33,186 Spring flutters her eyes awake. 57 00:12:40,701 --> 00:12:44,237 Longer, warmer days awaken the plants and trees. 58 00:12:51,754 --> 00:12:53,960 And there are many of them here; 59 00:12:54,173 --> 00:12:56,842 over one third of Europe's plant species are found in Carpathia. 60 00:13:17,821 --> 00:13:21,522 Beech trees are one of the most prevalent across our homeland. 61 00:13:27,497 --> 00:13:30,499 Their budding leaves are one of the first signs of Spring. 62 00:13:38,633 --> 00:13:40,211 These little green gems 63 00:13:40,552 --> 00:13:43,885 will slowly grow over the year, soaking up the sun's rays. 64 00:14:00,572 --> 00:14:03,193 Below the budding canopy, among the undergrowth, 65 00:14:03,867 --> 00:14:07,568 smaller forest residents begin to wake up. 66 00:14:19,883 --> 00:14:21,591 As the days slowly grow warmer, 67 00:14:22,761 --> 00:14:25,549 Fire salamanders awaken from their winter slumber. 68 00:14:34,814 --> 00:14:37,021 They're never found too far from running water. 69 00:15:00,006 --> 00:15:03,589 Legend has it that these amphibians are forged in fire. 70 00:15:06,471 --> 00:15:08,595 Living among fallen branches, 71 00:15:09,224 --> 00:15:13,304 their hiding places were sometimes collected by our ancestors for firewood. 72 00:15:15,437 --> 00:15:17,394 When placed upon fire, 73 00:15:17,690 --> 00:15:22,399 the Fire Salamander would suddenly emerge from the flames, earning their name. 74 00:15:36,667 --> 00:15:38,660 The reality is quite the opposite. 75 00:15:44,800 --> 00:15:47,553 Fire Salamanders begin their life in water. 76 00:15:53,809 --> 00:15:56,430 They are one of the few amphibians to give birth to live young. 77 00:16:02,276 --> 00:16:04,482 These young Salamanders are water bound for now, 78 00:16:04,695 --> 00:16:06,652 and are left to fend for themselves. 79 00:16:12,411 --> 00:16:16,278 Each day they'll grow a little stronger - and a little brighter - 80 00:16:17,833 --> 00:16:20,454 until the time comes for them to return to the undergrowth. 81 00:16:45,194 --> 00:16:48,314 Some have seen our seasons come and go for many years... 82 00:16:51,575 --> 00:16:54,363 But for others, this is a whole new world. 83 00:17:00,000 --> 00:17:02,753 These bear cubs are just a few months old. 84 00:17:11,260 --> 00:17:14,131 At this age, life is all fun and games. 85 00:17:17,308 --> 00:17:20,061 And this forest clearing makes a perfect playground. 86 00:17:51,175 --> 00:17:53,382 The family will stick together for two or three years, 87 00:17:53,845 --> 00:17:56,633 learning valuable lessons. 88 00:18:18,494 --> 00:18:21,033 This little one needs a bit more practice than his siblings... 89 00:19:11,088 --> 00:19:15,584 All over the Carpathians, small streams trickle down our mountainsides. 90 00:19:24,101 --> 00:19:26,640 Many end up feeding into our greatest river... 91 00:19:37,614 --> 00:19:38,860 The Danube. 92 00:19:45,872 --> 00:19:47,533 Flowing through 10 different countries, 93 00:19:47,833 --> 00:19:50,372 this vast river is the second longest in Europe. 94 00:19:57,467 --> 00:20:01,086 Through the ages, the Danube has worn through ancient stone. 95 00:20:05,559 --> 00:20:10,221 Twisting and turning through forests, shaping the landscape we see today. 96 00:20:23,869 --> 00:20:26,443 And where the Danube meets the Black Sea, 97 00:20:26,913 --> 00:20:32,288 some of our most spectacular wildlife flourishes. 98 00:20:36,131 --> 00:20:38,622 This is the Danube Delta. 99 00:20:40,844 --> 00:20:43,383 A seemingly endless maze of waterways... 100 00:20:46,725 --> 00:20:47,722 marshes... 101 00:20:49,895 --> 00:20:50,892 and forests. 102 00:21:01,364 --> 00:21:04,401 Covering almost 6,000 square kilometers, 103 00:21:05,618 --> 00:21:09,450 it is one of the most diverse ecosystems in Europe. 104 00:21:37,942 --> 00:21:41,359 With Spring's arrival, there is a fresh bounty for all 105 00:21:44,365 --> 00:21:46,524 But the celebration is fleeting. 106 00:21:48,327 --> 00:21:51,945 The Delta becomes a grandstand for the fiercest of competitions. 107 00:22:00,381 --> 00:22:03,668 It's breeding season for the Delta's wild horses. 108 00:22:08,222 --> 00:22:11,141 Groups of males test their strength against each other. 109 00:22:20,985 --> 00:22:23,987 Only the strongest stallions will get the chance to mate. 110 00:22:33,289 --> 00:22:36,492 A short distance away, an established Stallion guards over his herd, 111 00:22:36,959 --> 00:22:39,534 he alone can mate with these mares. 112 00:22:45,092 --> 00:22:47,133 But a potential challenger emerges. 113 00:22:59,064 --> 00:23:00,890 Violence is the only option, 114 00:23:03,276 --> 00:23:07,571 but a broken jaw or leg could mean a slow, torturous death. 115 00:23:58,206 --> 00:24:02,287 With the challenger defeated, the stallion returns to his females. 116 00:24:16,016 --> 00:24:19,598 His family is secure... for now. 117 00:24:34,784 --> 00:24:39,198 Al over the Delta, young families are raising the next generation. 118 00:24:52,092 --> 00:24:57,514 In late Spring, Whiskered Terns spend the day feeding their young. 119 00:25:12,613 --> 00:25:14,986 Sometimes this means the chicks are left alone. 120 00:25:21,163 --> 00:25:24,200 Without the protection of their parents, they're at their most vulnerable. 121 00:25:38,597 --> 00:25:40,223 Danger is all around. 122 00:25:51,443 --> 00:25:52,986 Oblivious to the risk, 123 00:25:53,237 --> 00:25:56,938 one chick decides now s the perfect time for an unsupervised swim. 124 00:26:00,327 --> 00:26:01,490 But at such a young age, 125 00:26:01,704 --> 00:26:05,239 his soft feathers are not quite ready for such an ambitious adventure. 126 00:26:06,917 --> 00:26:11,995 He could easily become waterlogged or exhausted. 127 00:26:36,821 --> 00:26:39,277 The remaining chick begins to follow its sibling. 128 00:26:47,540 --> 00:26:49,913 But a parent returns just in time. 129 00:26:59,010 --> 00:27:02,758 Another guides the novice swimmer back to the nest. 130 00:27:21,449 --> 00:27:26,242 Disaster narrowly averted, the family are safely reunited. 131 00:27:36,005 --> 00:27:39,790 Spring's bloom also brings fresh vigor to the Delta's plant life. 132 00:27:50,103 --> 00:27:53,306 Access to light is the greatest struggle amongst the life of plants. 133 00:27:57,193 --> 00:28:02,900 These waters are ruled by those that can seize the surface. 134 00:28:13,543 --> 00:28:16,164 One of the most successful have evolved 135 00:28:16,421 --> 00:28:19,375 a defense mechanism that's deployed, day and night. 136 00:28:24,304 --> 00:28:25,929 When the moon is at its highest, 137 00:28:26,597 --> 00:28:29,765 Lily flowers hold their delicate petals firmly clasped... 138 00:28:30,434 --> 00:28:33,471 Protecting what is most important to them... 139 00:28:40,027 --> 00:28:43,609 Pollen - the key to their survival. 140 00:28:46,742 --> 00:28:48,901 Whilst closed, the flowers shelter their sticky Pollen 141 00:28:49,119 --> 00:28:50,578 from the morning dew. 142 00:28:59,046 --> 00:29:02,794 But as the sun rises, and the temperature is just right... 143 00:29:03,383 --> 00:29:05,459 these flowers begin to unfurl. 144 00:29:32,204 --> 00:29:33,699 With the sun beaming down, 145 00:29:33,914 --> 00:29:36,322 insects are soon attracted to their enticing odor. 146 00:29:38,752 --> 00:29:43,545 Bringing with them pollen from other lilies, fertilizing the flowers 147 00:29:43,924 --> 00:29:47,175 and ensuring the next generation of these dynamic plants. 148 00:29:52,641 --> 00:29:54,349 These vast forests of water lilies 149 00:29:54,559 --> 00:29:59,186 also provide shelter and protection for much of the Delta's wildlife. 150 00:30:12,661 --> 00:30:16,160 Including Europe's largest native Frog. 151 00:30:27,133 --> 00:30:29,672 Reaching up to 17 cm long, 152 00:30:30,428 --> 00:30:33,298 maintaining their formidable size is no easy task. 153 00:30:38,728 --> 00:30:42,346 Fortunately, for Marsh Frogs the Delta s full of tasty snacks. 154 00:30:51,616 --> 00:30:53,323 If you can catch them... 155 00:31:15,598 --> 00:31:17,306 Marsh Frogs don't give up easily. 156 00:31:35,952 --> 00:31:37,198 Being the biggest frog around, 157 00:31:37,912 --> 00:31:39,371 means you also fall the hardest. 158 00:31:43,417 --> 00:31:46,087 But their persistence normally pays off. 159 00:32:03,312 --> 00:32:09,019 Beneath the lily pads, there is a darker world. 160 00:32:17,576 --> 00:32:19,949 A place of murk and mystery. 161 00:32:28,503 --> 00:32:31,256 Home to over 100 fish species. 162 00:32:35,719 --> 00:32:39,218 And occasionally... a prehistoric giant. 163 00:32:45,729 --> 00:32:51,103 A mammoth beast that has navigated the seas and rivers for millions of years: 164 00:33:08,126 --> 00:33:09,372 The Beluga Sturgeon. 165 00:33:14,841 --> 00:33:19,136 Sometimes referred to as 'living fossils', 166 00:33:20,096 --> 00:33:24,890 these prehistoric fish have barely changed form in over 200 million years. 167 00:33:29,314 --> 00:33:32,398 It's one of the biggest freshwater fish in the world. 168 00:33:33,276 --> 00:33:38,070 A full sized adult can reach 6 metres in length and weigh over a ton. 169 00:33:44,537 --> 00:33:47,539 As Solitary animals, these monolithic beasts 170 00:33:47,749 --> 00:33:50,240 cruise the gloomy depths, alone. 171 00:34:01,721 --> 00:34:03,263 Above these bottom dwellers, 172 00:34:03,807 --> 00:34:07,389 others find that teamwork yields the best results. 173 00:34:29,540 --> 00:34:32,577 Great White Pelicans are the masters of collaboration. 174 00:34:39,925 --> 00:34:46,213 Many thousands migrate here in the Spring from warmer climates: Africa, 175 00:34:46,432 --> 00:34:50,264 the Middle East and even the Indian Subcontinent. 176 00:34:55,649 --> 00:34:57,642 Cruising the Delta's waterways, 177 00:34:58,152 --> 00:35:01,734 they herd schools of fish into one another's path. 178 00:35:05,075 --> 00:35:06,820 This clever fishing technique 179 00:35:07,328 --> 00:35:10,198 increases the chance of catching a meal. 180 00:35:24,178 --> 00:35:29,682 Fish, crustaceans and various amphibians are always on the menu. 181 00:35:44,448 --> 00:35:46,738 Once they've exhausted these waters, 182 00:35:47,701 --> 00:35:50,240 it's time to do what pelicans do best... 183 00:35:56,251 --> 00:35:57,794 Take to the skies... 184 00:36:18,064 --> 00:36:22,015 They can travel one hundred kilometers a day 185 00:36:22,277 --> 00:36:27,485 searching for food before returning to their nesting ground. 186 00:36:46,884 --> 00:36:49,969 But it's not just animals that have made their home in the Delta... 187 00:37:13,953 --> 00:37:15,946 This is Histria. 188 00:37:16,873 --> 00:37:21,168 An ancient city built by the Greeks, two and a half thousand years ago. 189 00:37:23,838 --> 00:37:25,583 Once a vibrant trading centre, 190 00:37:25,882 --> 00:37:29,215 its streets would of been filled with merchants and tradesmen. 191 00:37:32,305 --> 00:37:36,849 But now, these ruins are home to much wilder residents... 192 00:37:44,859 --> 00:37:48,110 And some of them are cold-blooded killers. 193 00:38:00,750 --> 00:38:01,995 Dice snakes. 194 00:38:05,587 --> 00:38:08,625 These serpents spent the winter in hibernation, 195 00:38:08,924 --> 00:38:11,297 emerging in the warmer months to hunt. 196 00:38:32,948 --> 00:38:36,531 Although this female has no interest in ground squirrels or birds... 197 00:38:47,462 --> 00:38:51,211 Because this snake, like any other water snake 198 00:39:07,608 --> 00:39:08,723 is a fish-hunter. 199 00:39:26,209 --> 00:39:28,499 And bottom-feeding Gobies are her favourite prey. 200 00:39:39,890 --> 00:39:41,432 But finding them isn't easy. 201 00:39:51,151 --> 00:39:56,489 Dice Snakes lack gills, 502 quick breath is often required. 202 00:40:04,956 --> 00:40:06,948 Time for round two. 203 00:40:36,195 --> 00:40:39,861 Despite a final struggle, the Goby's fate has long since been sealed. 204 00:40:54,547 --> 00:40:59,422 Once the catch is consumed, she will seek refuge from the midday heat. 205 00:41:05,433 --> 00:41:08,387 During our hottest season, even cold blooded killers 206 00:41:08,603 --> 00:41:11,224 cannot survive the sun at its peak. 207 00:41:23,784 --> 00:41:27,486 Summer has arrived, pulling the country into her warm embrace. 208 00:41:31,792 --> 00:41:35,541 Her days are long, slow and hot. 209 00:41:49,976 --> 00:41:53,179 Perhaps the season's most spectacular event 210 00:41:53,855 --> 00:41:56,264 is born from humble beginnings, 211 00:41:56,733 --> 00:41:59,438 among the depths of the Mures River. 212 00:42:15,627 --> 00:42:18,960 Deep under this water, millions of tiny creatures 213 00:42:19,172 --> 00:42:21,332 have been patiently waiting for 3 years. 214 00:42:44,864 --> 00:42:48,151 The arrival of summer triggers these Mayfly larvae 215 00:42:48,368 --> 00:42:49,827 to head to the surface. 216 00:43:08,096 --> 00:43:09,757 At first just a few... 217 00:43:15,979 --> 00:43:17,474 Then a few more... 218 00:43:30,869 --> 00:43:35,947 By the end of the day, millions will have taken to the sky. 219 00:43:47,009 --> 00:43:49,500 This spectacle lasts less than a day, 220 00:43:50,596 --> 00:43:53,170 in this time the Mayflies must race to mate, 221 00:43:53,390 --> 00:43:57,008 and travel upriver to lay their eggs, 222 00:43:58,020 --> 00:44:01,472 after which their lives will come to an end. 223 00:44:14,453 --> 00:44:18,404 Other life cycles here have a much slower pace. 224 00:44:23,671 --> 00:44:26,292 The Carpathian Mountains are home 225 00:44:26,507 --> 00:44:28,666 to some of the most ancient forests in Europe. 226 00:44:30,844 --> 00:44:34,131 Seas of green stretch as far as the eye can see... 227 00:44:39,353 --> 00:44:43,351 These great forests have stood the test of time. 228 00:44:45,150 --> 00:44:47,820 They are representative of what much of Europe 229 00:44:48,028 --> 00:44:50,318 would of looked like just 3,000 years ago. 230 00:44:53,117 --> 00:44:56,949 A mix of beech, birch, oak and pines 231 00:44:57,788 --> 00:45:00,244 cover a third of our country. 232 00:45:25,357 --> 00:45:29,189 Like the animals that live among them, many of these trees 233 00:45:29,403 --> 00:45:31,562 help and support one another. 234 00:45:35,909 --> 00:45:40,203 Vast networks of roots connect families of trees, 235 00:45:40,538 --> 00:45:42,994 supplying one another with vital nutrients. 236 00:45:48,671 --> 00:45:53,002 Even in death, each tree continues giving life to the forest. 237 00:45:56,846 --> 00:46:01,260 The act of falling alone slices a gap in the dense canopy, 238 00:46:01,643 --> 00:46:04,645 drenching the fresh clearing in sunlight. 239 00:46:11,069 --> 00:46:13,109 As the tree begins to rot, 240 00:46:13,613 --> 00:46:19,782 it releases important nutrients, acting as a natural fertilizer. 241 00:46:24,958 --> 00:46:26,832 Under these perfect conditions, 242 00:46:27,251 --> 00:46:29,743 new plant life quickly flourishes; 243 00:46:31,381 --> 00:46:34,133 irresistible to hungry herbivores. 244 00:46:37,595 --> 00:46:43,432 Which are the perfect prey for Europe's largest feline... 245 00:47:00,785 --> 00:47:02,778 The Eurasian Lynx. 246 00:47:05,915 --> 00:47:09,118 This adept predator is a secretive character. 247 00:47:12,797 --> 00:47:15,466 Its preferred hunting technique is to ambush prey 248 00:47:15,675 --> 00:47:17,881 using the dense cover of the forest. 249 00:47:31,899 --> 00:47:36,145 But for now, this female has other priorities ... 250 00:47:39,948 --> 00:47:41,609 At just a few weeks old, 251 00:47:41,992 --> 00:47:44,780 her cubs won't be able to hunt for a while yet. 252 00:47:45,078 --> 00:47:47,368 For now, it all about playtime. 253 00:48:06,808 --> 00:48:10,676 They're always looking for new playgrounds. 254 00:48:14,524 --> 00:48:18,060 It's exhausting for their mother. 255 00:48:32,042 --> 00:48:35,411 They'll spend their first year together, 256 00:48:35,754 --> 00:48:37,629 exploring the forest's secrets, 257 00:48:37,839 --> 00:48:41,339 watching and learning how to survive through the seasons. 258 00:49:05,033 --> 00:49:10,158 Others care for their young high above the forests. 259 00:49:17,546 --> 00:49:19,254 The Apuseni Mountains... 260 00:49:26,346 --> 00:49:28,801 This geological mosaic of volcanic rock and limestone 261 00:49:29,223 --> 00:49:31,632 has been forged over millions of years. 262 00:49:44,739 --> 00:49:49,567 They are also home to one of the world's most iconic raptors. 263 00:50:10,598 --> 00:50:11,974 The King of the Skies... 264 00:50:13,768 --> 00:50:15,559 The Golden Eagle. 265 00:50:19,941 --> 00:50:21,815 A powerful predator. 266 00:50:27,907 --> 00:50:29,105 But he is also wise... 267 00:50:35,122 --> 00:50:36,997 Every flight is calculated. 268 00:51:12,535 --> 00:51:16,580 Patrolling his Kingdom, he carefully scans the land below. 269 00:51:32,637 --> 00:51:36,006 Eagles have some of the best eyesight on the planet. 270 00:51:36,558 --> 00:51:39,393 It's estimated to be up to 8 times stronger than the average human, 271 00:51:45,191 --> 00:51:50,352 Powerful enough to spot a meal from over 3 kilometers away... 272 00:52:03,710 --> 00:52:05,418 Alone hare. 273 00:52:07,631 --> 00:52:10,917 The perfect pray for this warrior-king of birds. 274 00:52:21,519 --> 00:52:26,810 Ina full stoop, he can reach speeds of up to 320 kilometers per hour. 275 00:52:37,410 --> 00:52:39,700 The hare doesn't stand a chance. 276 00:53:00,433 --> 00:53:03,685 But the eagle won't keep the meal to himself. 277 00:53:08,775 --> 00:53:10,234 He must return to his home. 278 00:53:13,947 --> 00:53:15,607 For he is also a father, 279 00:53:36,760 --> 00:53:39,845 The young chick is quick to devour its share. 280 00:54:00,784 --> 00:54:04,036 It soon be ready to leave the nest, 281 00:54:04,663 --> 00:54:07,238 and establish a kingdom of its own... 282 00:54:17,217 --> 00:54:19,626 The skies these eagles soar through 283 00:54:19,887 --> 00:54:21,678 are living out a story of their own. 284 00:54:27,436 --> 00:54:32,810 Mid summer sees the Carpathian's highest levels of rainfall. 285 00:54:37,655 --> 00:54:42,032 The forest is soon drenched with life-sustaining water. 286 00:54:54,755 --> 00:54:57,590 It also shapes what lies deep beneath the surface. 287 00:54:59,969 --> 00:55:04,631 As water seeps into the ground, it enters a very different world. 288 00:55:06,475 --> 00:55:09,558 One of darkness and damp. 289 00:55:24,909 --> 00:55:28,907 Around 4000 caves can be found within the Apuseni mountains alone. 290 00:55:32,750 --> 00:55:36,037 Many are filled with stalactites and stalagmites. 291 00:55:46,514 --> 00:55:48,839 As water creeps through the rock and stone, 292 00:55:49,392 --> 00:55:54,435 it deposits salts and minerals, forming these eerie statues. 293 00:56:09,370 --> 00:56:12,870 But these caves are also... a tomb. 294 00:56:19,339 --> 00:56:25,010 The fearsome skeletons are the remains of Cave Bears. 295 00:56:36,356 --> 00:56:40,900 A distant cousin of the brown bear, 296 00:56:41,319 --> 00:56:44,154 the Cave Bear became extinct around 27,000 years ago. 297 00:56:45,031 --> 00:56:50,571 Perhaps due to climate change or hunting. 298 00:56:54,499 --> 00:56:57,168 Others have come close to a similar fate. 299 00:57:02,048 --> 00:57:03,755 Deep in the forest clearings, 300 00:57:04,216 --> 00:57:08,760 live one of Romania's rarest and most endangered mammals. 301 00:57:22,776 --> 00:57:24,271 The Eurasian Bison. 302 00:57:36,581 --> 00:57:41,624 Unrivaled in strength and size, it is Europe's largest land mammal. 303 00:57:42,879 --> 00:57:46,379 Hulking, hairy beasts, some standing nearly two metres tall 304 00:57:46,592 --> 00:57:48,383 and weighing as much as a ton. 305 00:57:58,312 --> 00:58:01,811 Many thousands once roamed across Europe. 306 00:58:05,068 --> 00:58:06,813 By the early 20th century, 307 00:58:07,321 --> 00:58:12,695 habit loss and hunting led to their near-extinction. 308 00:58:19,958 --> 00:58:22,829 Today, only a few small herds can be found in our wilderness. 309 00:58:36,767 --> 00:58:40,634 Other forest-dwellers have had better luck. 310 00:59:07,755 --> 00:59:10,590 With this bountiful time of year in full swing, 311 00:59:10,967 --> 00:59:15,676 many bears are attracted to the rich foods found in this forest clearing. 312 00:59:26,315 --> 00:59:29,898 Flavorsome flower buds and succulent grasses. 313 01:00:03,060 --> 01:00:06,643 But sometimes what you want most is right under your nose. 314 01:00:13,112 --> 01:00:17,277 For this female finding it is easier said than done. 315 01:00:40,723 --> 01:00:43,511 But even the biggest beasts can be scared by the smallest things. 316 01:00:54,444 --> 01:00:57,113 Finally, she finds what she's been looking for. 317 01:01:04,245 --> 01:01:07,365 A large ant colony is a nutritious, conveniently packaged treat. 318 01:01:40,156 --> 01:01:43,573 Many of our bears have survived the tougher seasons. 319 01:01:44,452 --> 01:01:48,747 Now with full bellies, they can finally kick back and relax. 320 01:01:52,669 --> 01:01:55,457 A sunny meadow is the perfect spot. 321 01:02:04,514 --> 01:02:06,471 And the view isn't too bad either... 322 01:02:16,443 --> 01:02:19,480 Al over the country, meadows burst with colour. 323 01:02:26,703 --> 01:02:31,164 These rolling plains are amongst the most diverse ecosystems in Europe, 324 01:02:34,419 --> 01:02:37,254 with levels of richness unrivaled across the globe 325 01:02:43,929 --> 01:02:47,095 Their perfumed petals attract an equally colorful squadron of insects, 326 01:02:47,431 --> 01:02:49,057 in search of sweet nectar. 327 01:02:59,151 --> 01:03:02,983 Of the 200 or so species of butterfly native to our lands, 328 01:03:03,614 --> 01:03:06,817 the Large blues are without doubt some of the most unusual. 329 01:03:11,497 --> 01:03:15,245 This female chooses the colorful Marsh Gentian to deposit her eggs. 330 01:03:38,649 --> 01:03:41,484 And soon eggs turn into caterpillars. 331 01:03:52,162 --> 01:03:58,913 Using a fine strand of silk, this individual abseils to the ground. 332 01:04:20,482 --> 01:04:23,436 Although... not everything quite goes to plan. 333 01:04:34,955 --> 01:04:38,289 Regardless, the caterpillar continues searching for food. 334 01:04:49,260 --> 01:04:52,298 The meadow floor, however, harbours many dangers. 335 01:04:55,350 --> 01:04:59,597 Red ants search for anything edible to feed their own brood. 336 01:05:06,486 --> 01:05:08,692 They have an excellent sense of smell - 337 01:05:10,823 --> 01:05:14,869 and this individual has locked-on to the defenseless young caterpillar. 338 01:05:19,707 --> 01:05:21,700 Using a set of powerful jaws, 339 01:05:22,085 --> 01:05:24,659 the ant seizes its prize and heads straight back to the colony. 340 01:05:46,442 --> 01:05:49,729 Other worker ants appear intrigued by the new arrival. 341 01:05:56,577 --> 01:06:01,406 Rather than attack, they amazingly treat it as one of their own. 342 01:06:02,417 --> 01:06:06,830 Because this caterpillar has developed an ingenious survival strategy. 343 01:06:10,508 --> 01:06:12,383 It mimics the scent of the ants, 344 01:06:12,760 --> 01:06:14,468 even making the same noise 345 01:06:14,929 --> 01:06:16,922 as the colony's queen, fooling the workers. 346 01:06:22,979 --> 01:06:24,936 Some ants feed it. 347 01:06:37,868 --> 01:06:40,988 While others ensure its skin is kept clean and free from parasites. 348 01:06:46,543 --> 01:06:49,164 Despite this S-star treatment, 349 01:06:49,504 --> 01:06:51,497 the ants get nothing in return for their efforts. 350 01:06:55,260 --> 01:06:57,301 The caterpillar grows bigger and stronger, 351 01:06:57,930 --> 01:07:00,219 eventually transforming within its cocoon. 352 01:07:08,190 --> 01:07:10,895 It is soon time for the caterpillar to break free. 353 01:07:54,903 --> 01:07:59,198 Once out, the butterfly rushes to exit the nest. 354 01:07:59,658 --> 01:08:03,656 For now is the only time the ants would realize they'd been duped. 355 01:08:21,305 --> 01:08:24,057 The butterfly prepares for its maiden flight. 356 01:08:45,620 --> 01:08:47,945 Living for just a few weeks as a butterfly, 357 01:08:48,372 --> 01:08:50,033 it will soon mate, and continue 358 01:08:50,499 --> 01:08:52,873 one of nature's most extraordinary 359 01:08:53,085 --> 01:08:54,912 and complex life cycles all over again. 360 01:09:13,230 --> 01:09:15,722 With 50 many insects to be found among the flower meadow, 361 01:09:16,484 --> 01:09:19,354 White Storks are never very far away. 362 01:09:27,495 --> 01:09:30,698 Today, they're drawn together for an impromptu feast. 363 01:09:34,877 --> 01:09:37,796 And the foods being served by an unusual chef. 364 01:10:07,201 --> 01:10:08,992 The freshly cut grass 365 01:10:09,662 --> 01:10:12,153 means insects and other small prey are easily located. 366 01:10:25,510 --> 01:10:27,551 But they can't forage for too long... 367 01:10:28,263 --> 01:10:30,422 Many of these Storks have important deliveries to make. 368 01:10:57,292 --> 01:10:59,332 Storks time raising chicks to coincide 369 01:10:59,544 --> 01:11:03,127 with the summer's abundant supply of food. 370 01:11:06,009 --> 01:11:08,002 Both parents have been ferrying cargo 371 01:11:08,511 --> 01:11:12,640 to their nest since the chicks first hatched, around 9 weeks ago. 372 01:11:17,562 --> 01:11:22,391 The chicks are getting big now and ready for their first migration. 373 01:11:29,449 --> 01:11:34,076 Close by, other siblings are forced to find their own meals. 374 01:11:36,831 --> 01:11:39,750 A local orchard has the ripest apples. 375 01:11:47,217 --> 01:11:50,965 And these young bears are happy to help themselves. 376 01:12:46,900 --> 01:12:51,231 Lady Autumn, Nature's most talented artist, has finally arrived; 377 01:13:00,289 --> 01:13:02,780 She paints the forest with masterful strokes. 378 01:13:07,880 --> 01:13:12,127 Her dazzling vision is unequaled in richness and intensity. 379 01:13:29,360 --> 01:13:33,145 And she has one last, timely gift. 380 01:13:37,952 --> 01:13:39,198 The autumn bounty. 381 01:13:42,665 --> 01:13:46,532 Fruits and berries are the sweetest treats. 382 01:13:48,045 --> 01:13:52,173 Beech trees occasionally bestow an exceptionally generous gift. 383 01:13:56,095 --> 01:13:58,468 Every few years, all over Carpathia, 384 01:13:58,764 --> 01:14:02,513 Beech nuts will simultaneously fall to the ground. 385 01:14:12,151 --> 01:14:15,651 It is thought that this tactic guarantees an abundance of nuts, so many, 386 01:14:16,030 --> 01:14:18,486 that the animals who feast upon them, couldn't possibly finish them all. 387 01:14:29,586 --> 01:14:30,962 Giving the leftover nuts 388 01:14:31,170 --> 01:14:33,959 a better chance to take root and grow. 389 01:14:44,392 --> 01:14:46,100 For much of Romania's wildlife, 390 01:14:46,311 --> 01:14:50,439 it is the last chance to fatten up before winter returns. 391 01:14:58,740 --> 01:15:01,575 The clock s ticking for this bear family 392 01:15:01,868 --> 01:15:07,491 to pile on calories before they hibernate through the winter. 393 01:15:15,798 --> 01:15:19,050 Starvation is a very real threat. 394 01:15:28,937 --> 01:15:31,143 Whilst some are gorging, 395 01:15:31,856 --> 01:15:33,683 others have very different priorities. 396 01:15:38,196 --> 01:15:40,438 And none more so than on Piatra Craiului. 397 01:15:48,998 --> 01:15:55,085 Located in the Southern Carpathians, this is one of our most iconic ridges. 398 01:16:04,681 --> 01:16:10,054 The steep slopes are a haven for plant life found nowhere else in the world. 399 01:16:12,437 --> 01:16:15,890 Three quarters of Romania's unique 400 01:16:16,275 --> 01:16:18,232 plant species are found on such ridges. 401 01:16:24,074 --> 01:16:28,903 And where plant life flourishes, herbivores are never far away. 402 01:16:31,415 --> 01:16:35,365 Including the most resilient of mountain inhabitants: 403 01:16:43,051 --> 01:16:44,380 Chamois. 404 01:16:48,390 --> 01:16:53,100 They are found upon the highest and most inaccessible slopes. 405 01:17:09,244 --> 01:17:11,819 Bucks spend most of the year alone, 406 01:17:12,915 --> 01:17:15,156 but in the autumn months they seek out females. 407 01:17:20,464 --> 01:17:23,715 Competition can be tough to secure mating rights. 408 01:17:27,262 --> 01:17:29,089 This male must be vigilant 409 01:17:29,306 --> 01:17:32,557 that no others get too close to his females. 410 01:17:51,745 --> 01:17:53,655 A rival Buck is closing in... 411 01:18:04,507 --> 01:18:05,622 But this hasn't gone unnoticed. 412 01:18:06,801 --> 01:18:11,178 The resident male quickly descends the steep slopes to intercept the challenger. 413 01:18:35,037 --> 01:18:37,327 His quick descent has worked, 414 01:18:41,002 --> 01:18:42,579 the challenger retreats... 415 01:18:52,305 --> 01:18:55,591 He must continue his search elsewhere, and alone. 416 01:19:03,524 --> 01:19:06,478 The dominant Buck returns to the females. 417 01:19:21,459 --> 01:19:22,954 Further down the slopes, 418 01:19:23,294 --> 01:19:25,370 confrontations can be much more deadly. 419 01:19:29,383 --> 01:19:31,210 Winter is knocking on Autumn's door. 420 01:19:36,432 --> 01:19:39,434 Pushing creatures of the Forest to extremes, 421 01:20:06,586 --> 01:20:10,252 A large male bear has sniffed out the wolf pack's latest victim: 422 01:20:25,438 --> 01:20:26,636 a red deer. 423 01:20:30,193 --> 01:20:32,435 The pack won't give up their hard earned prize without a fight. 424 01:20:41,580 --> 01:20:45,530 This powerful giant could weigh more than all of his opponents combined. 425 01:21:10,275 --> 01:21:12,517 If the pack refuse to give up their kill 426 01:21:13,069 --> 01:21:16,356 the bear won't hesitate to unleash his full fury. 427 01:21:38,261 --> 01:21:39,720 The wolves escape unharmed 428 01:21:44,809 --> 01:21:46,969 although the message s clear: the prize is lost. 429 01:21:55,110 --> 01:21:56,818 Once the hear has taken his fill, 430 01:21:57,029 --> 01:21:59,734 there might be some scraps left for the pack... 431 01:22:01,242 --> 01:22:02,618 If they're lucky. 432 01:22:17,675 --> 01:22:22,219 Winter's imminent arrival pushes many to their limit. 433 01:22:26,517 --> 01:22:28,261 The resilient few who've made it this far, 434 01:22:28,811 --> 01:22:31,848 may now witness the year's final transformation. 435 01:22:53,919 --> 01:22:56,043 As snow begins to fall across the land, 436 01:22:56,755 --> 01:23:00,671 only the most adaptable will face the season's harshest months. 437 01:23:30,956 --> 01:23:32,748 This female Lynx will roam 438 01:23:33,083 --> 01:23:36,619 the snowy slopes through the depths of winter. 439 01:23:38,839 --> 01:23:42,256 Her thick winter coat keeps her warm and dry. 440 01:23:56,147 --> 01:23:59,813 A solitary creature, she will wander these slopes alone, 441 01:24:00,068 --> 01:24:02,357 seeking out what little prey she can find. 442 01:24:39,607 --> 01:24:42,561 Others prefer to return to their cosy dens. 443 01:24:55,790 --> 01:24:59,456 Spending the cold months ahead, drifting in and out of sleep. 444 01:25:16,894 --> 01:25:22,233 The mountains become a still and frozen wonderland once more. 445 01:25:38,040 --> 01:25:40,164 Our story is reaching its end... 446 01:25:43,295 --> 01:25:45,335 A humble tribute to the wild. 447 01:25:50,677 --> 01:25:53,299 But it is a tribute to people as well. 448 01:26:02,147 --> 01:26:04,389 A tribute to all those Romanians, 449 01:26:05,025 --> 01:26:06,900 in increasing number, that understand 450 01:26:07,110 --> 01:26:09,601 our environment faces challenges. 451 01:26:13,242 --> 01:26:14,737 Poaching... 452 01:26:20,123 --> 01:26:21,369 Illegal fishing... 453 01:26:26,421 --> 01:26:28,581 Parks and forests carelessly littered... 454 01:26:32,886 --> 01:26:35,128 A decreasing number of green spaces within cities... 455 01:26:43,480 --> 01:26:45,853 Unsustainable logging... 456 01:26:54,700 --> 01:26:57,986 Alack of household recycling... 457 01:27:02,874 --> 01:27:06,920 Excessive consumption of water, energy and other resources... 458 01:27:14,094 --> 01:27:16,004 These are not the only problems we face, 459 01:27:17,973 --> 01:27:20,263 but they are amongst the most important. 460 01:27:23,103 --> 01:27:25,974 Nature is not only majestic... 461 01:27:27,441 --> 01:27:28,520 but also fragile. 462 01:27:44,457 --> 01:27:47,624 A wise man once said that flowers don't have to be loved, 463 01:27:48,127 --> 01:27:49,243 they have to be watered. 464 01:27:49,670 --> 01:27:52,541 He also said that the beauty of petals 465 01:27:52,798 --> 01:27:54,958 should not make up a gardener's pride, 466 01:27:55,718 --> 01:27:58,339 but should instead stir his wonder and gratitude. 467 01:28:01,641 --> 01:28:02,803 Over the past few years, 468 01:28:03,184 --> 01:28:06,683 people in our country have become increasingly interested in nature. 469 01:28:07,605 --> 01:28:11,900 We no longer want to be strangers to our own environment. 470 01:28:14,946 --> 01:28:18,398 Living in freedom, educating ourselves, and traveling, 471 01:28:19,033 --> 01:28:22,153 we also come to grasp an essential truth: 472 01:28:22,995 --> 01:28:27,954 of all the things one may feel about the beauty of one's land, 473 01:28:28,709 --> 01:28:31,083 pride is not the wisest thing. 474 01:28:34,382 --> 01:28:36,873 Many nations dwell amidst majestic sceneries, 475 01:28:37,176 --> 01:28:39,501 seemingly designed to take your breath away. 476 01:28:40,054 --> 01:28:44,965 And no particular people is accountable for the magnificence of its homeland. 477 01:28:49,272 --> 01:28:52,641 It was not men's arms that have folded the Earth's crust, 478 01:28:53,150 --> 01:28:56,899 thrusting forward the rock of the mountains to the skies. 479 01:29:02,535 --> 01:29:04,777 It was not from women's looms 480 01:29:05,162 --> 01:29:09,160 that the endlessness of plains emerged like an outstretched canvas. 481 01:29:16,132 --> 01:29:17,378 It was not children's play 482 01:29:17,675 --> 01:29:20,962 that has engendered the wind's quadrille or birds' chirping. 483 01:29:21,512 --> 01:29:23,469 Nor has the wisdom of elders 484 01:29:23,764 --> 01:29:26,219 brought into being the progression of seasons 485 01:29:26,474 --> 01:29:28,349 and other cycles of life. 486 01:29:32,772 --> 01:29:36,391 The spectacle of nature is stunning all over the world 487 01:29:36,818 --> 01:29:39,772 and it does not owe anything to humankind. 488 01:29:48,830 --> 01:29:53,457 Our species holds a merit only in as much as it understands all this, 489 01:29:53,960 --> 01:29:56,499 and insofar as it decides to act accordingly: 490 01:29:57,297 --> 01:30:01,674 That's to cherish, protect, and preserve 491 01:30:01,885 --> 01:30:04,922 the marvelous planet we have been blessed with. 492 01:30:14,940 --> 01:30:17,479 To be born in a beautiful place is not a virtue, 493 01:30:18,068 --> 01:30:20,689 but it is a virtue to make it last. 494 01:30:22,113 --> 01:30:26,574 Magnificence should still be here for our children to see. 41760

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