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Narrator:
This is the story of america...
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00:00:04,955 --> 00:00:07,214
Seen in color
for the first time.
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00:00:08,876 --> 00:00:10,175
The american west.
4
00:00:12,054 --> 00:00:14,054
A land steeped in legend...
5
00:00:14,181 --> 00:00:16,223
Children: Woo-hoo!
6
00:00:16,300 --> 00:00:19,560
Narrator: Where cowboys
roam the range...
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00:00:19,636 --> 00:00:23,814
Their exploits made famous
by buffalo bill...
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00:00:23,891 --> 00:00:25,315
And annie oakley.
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00:00:27,319 --> 00:00:31,071
Many come to make
their fortunes...
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00:00:31,240 --> 00:00:34,158
Unleashing decades of brutality
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00:00:34,234 --> 00:00:37,077
And a struggle
for law and order.
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00:00:37,154 --> 00:00:38,078
[gunfire]
13
00:00:38,247 --> 00:00:39,413
[horse neighing]
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00:00:39,490 --> 00:00:40,405
Man: The police
are after the fiends
15
00:00:40,416 --> 00:00:42,574
Who did this rotten job.
16
00:00:42,585 --> 00:00:45,711
Narrator:
Hollywood mythologizes its past.
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00:00:46,914 --> 00:00:49,506
The battle
to tame the vast region
18
00:00:49,583 --> 00:00:52,092
Pushes the limits
of modern technology.
19
00:00:52,178 --> 00:00:54,419
Franklin roosevelt: The mighty
waters of the colorado
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00:00:54,430 --> 00:00:56,680
Were running unused to the sea.
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Narrator: But in the west,
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Nature never yields
unless people pay a price.
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00:01:04,848 --> 00:01:08,100
Man: I saw the ship
disintegrate before my eyes.
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00:01:08,110 --> 00:01:11,770
Narrator: This is the story
of america's wild west
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As you have never
seen it before.
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00:01:14,700 --> 00:01:16,033
[men whooping]
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00:01:16,110 --> 00:01:27,619
♪
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00:01:27,630 --> 00:01:38,680
♪
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00:01:43,303 --> 00:01:46,304
Narrator:
As the 20th century dawns,
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The lands
west of the mississippi
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Are largely wild and untamed.
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00:01:53,405 --> 00:01:55,397
The popular portrait of the west
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Is drawn by heroic
frontier figures...
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00:02:00,329 --> 00:02:02,746
Like william f. Cody...
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Better known as buffalo bill.
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00:02:08,170 --> 00:02:10,579
♪
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00:02:10,589 --> 00:02:13,081
His traveling cowboy show
38
00:02:13,092 --> 00:02:16,760
Romanticizes the glory days
of the wild west.
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♪
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00:02:20,841 --> 00:02:24,593
Buffalo bill's show
brings history to a crowd.
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00:02:24,603 --> 00:02:28,930
♪
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But some sketches
aren't for the faint-hearted...
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[screaming]
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Such as the battle
of summit springs--
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00:02:37,408 --> 00:02:40,576
A notorious engagement of 1869.
46
00:02:43,280 --> 00:02:45,205
Bill was present at the battle,
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And many believed him
responsible
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For the death
of cheyenne chief tall bull.
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00:02:54,466 --> 00:02:56,875
A star attraction
in bill's show,
50
00:02:56,886 --> 00:02:59,887
The legendary sharpshooter
annie oakley.
51
00:03:02,308 --> 00:03:06,059
Here she takes out clay pigeons
with her winchester.
52
00:03:08,480 --> 00:03:11,231
And she even gets
her trusty dog dave
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00:03:11,308 --> 00:03:12,858
In on the act.
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00:03:18,565 --> 00:03:21,074
Bill takes his show on the road,
55
00:03:21,151 --> 00:03:23,243
Touring cities
in the u.S. And europe
56
00:03:23,320 --> 00:03:25,570
For more than 30 years...
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00:03:25,581 --> 00:03:29,249
Spreading his heroic
vision of the west
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00:03:29,326 --> 00:03:31,576
As a place
that modern civilization
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00:03:31,587 --> 00:03:35,172
Is destined to conquer
and control.
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00:03:43,265 --> 00:03:46,508
Among the many smitten
by the romance of the west
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00:03:46,518 --> 00:03:48,727
Is president theodore roosevelt.
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00:03:51,014 --> 00:03:55,525
His love affair with nature
is born in tragedy.
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00:03:55,602 --> 00:03:59,029
In 1884, on the very same day,
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00:03:59,106 --> 00:04:03,367
He loses both his wife
and his mother.
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00:04:03,443 --> 00:04:06,286
Distraught,
roosevelt moves 1,500 miles
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00:04:06,363 --> 00:04:10,207
From new york to the badlands,
in the dakota territory.
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00:04:11,794 --> 00:04:16,964
He embraces the wide-open spaces
and becomes a rancher.
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00:04:17,040 --> 00:04:18,873
He once wrote,
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00:04:18,884 --> 00:04:22,719
"I owe more than I can express
to the west."
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♪
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In 1905, roosevelt is serving
his second term.
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00:04:31,438 --> 00:04:35,148
On a trip through oklahoma,
he meets jack abernathy--
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00:04:35,225 --> 00:04:39,194
A man famed for catching wolves
with his bare hands.
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A live wolf means big bucks.
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00:04:43,650 --> 00:04:45,659
He can sell them for $50 each--
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00:04:45,736 --> 00:04:49,988
More than $1,000
in today's money.
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00:04:49,999 --> 00:04:51,906
He delivers
over a thousand wolves
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00:04:51,917 --> 00:04:54,376
To zoos and traveling shows.
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00:04:56,413 --> 00:04:58,246
He never gets bitten
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00:04:58,257 --> 00:05:02,050
And earns the nickname
"catch 'em alive jack."
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00:05:07,516 --> 00:05:08,840
The region that's given rise
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To such
larger-than-life characters
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00:05:11,770 --> 00:05:15,355
Is a place of
imposing mountain ranges,
84
00:05:15,432 --> 00:05:17,265
Treacherous rivers,
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00:05:17,276 --> 00:05:18,942
Forests,
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00:05:19,019 --> 00:05:20,402
And deserts.
87
00:05:22,439 --> 00:05:27,942
Among the biggest challenges
settling here is water.
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00:05:27,953 --> 00:05:30,370
There is either too much of it
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Or none at all.
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To tame the west,
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President roosevelt understands
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He must bring water
under control.
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He commits federal funds
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To irrigate 20
of america's western states.
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00:05:49,549 --> 00:05:55,303
In 1911, the first project opens
on the salt river in arizona.
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00:05:55,314 --> 00:05:59,566
It's named
the theodore roosevelt dam.
97
00:05:59,643 --> 00:06:03,403
At a cost of $190 million today,
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00:06:03,614 --> 00:06:05,146
It symbolizes his commitment
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00:06:05,157 --> 00:06:08,325
To extend man's dominion
over the west.
100
00:06:10,621 --> 00:06:14,831
At the dedication ceremony,
he tells the arizona crowd,
101
00:06:14,908 --> 00:06:20,087
"I believe we will see
75,000 to 100,000 people here."
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♪
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His prediction comes true.
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00:06:29,423 --> 00:06:33,925
55 miles away,
a small desert city of 11,000
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00:06:33,936 --> 00:06:35,602
Will be one of
the first to benefit
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00:06:35,679 --> 00:06:38,772
From the power and water
the dam provides.
107
00:06:41,193 --> 00:06:45,612
Phoenix will signify the dawn
of a new american west.
108
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But this new west
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Has little room
for its original inhabitants.
110
00:07:00,546 --> 00:07:07,208
In 1900, american indians
number only 230,000.
111
00:07:07,219 --> 00:07:12,472
Over the previous century,
400,000 have died,
112
00:07:12,549 --> 00:07:15,967
Killed by the wars and disease
inflicted on them
113
00:07:15,978 --> 00:07:18,562
By the newcomers
to their continent.
114
00:07:20,399 --> 00:07:23,483
Now most tribes have been
forced by the government
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To live on reservations,
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Where many aren't recognized
as u.S. Citizens.
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[horse neighing]
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White america not only takes
the american indians' land;
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00:07:35,238 --> 00:07:38,248
It also tries to erase
their culture.
120
00:07:42,254 --> 00:07:45,755
In 1913, a group
of east coast millionaires
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00:07:45,832 --> 00:07:49,509
Funds an expedition
to persuade dozens of tribes
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To adopt the white man's ways.
123
00:07:53,173 --> 00:07:55,932
Under the watchful eye
of a military escort,
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00:07:56,009 --> 00:07:58,426
Its leaders claim to offer
better treatment
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00:07:58,437 --> 00:08:00,520
For american indians.
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In return,
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00:08:02,265 --> 00:08:04,524
The tribes must demonstrate
allegiance to the government
128
00:08:04,601 --> 00:08:06,401
And its flag.
129
00:08:09,105 --> 00:08:12,616
The expedition is led
by photographer joseph dixon,
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00:08:12,692 --> 00:08:14,951
A man concerned
with what he calls
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00:08:15,028 --> 00:08:16,870
"the vanishing race."
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00:08:18,540 --> 00:08:20,123
Here, the oglala sioux
133
00:08:20,200 --> 00:08:23,210
At the pine ridge reservation
in south dakota
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00:08:23,286 --> 00:08:25,045
Host the delegation.
135
00:08:26,465 --> 00:08:29,958
Among those who participate,
two moons,
136
00:08:29,968 --> 00:08:31,292
Who commanded the cheyenne
137
00:08:31,303 --> 00:08:33,303
Against
lieutenant colonel custer
138
00:08:33,380 --> 00:08:36,640
At the legendary battle
of the little bighorn.
139
00:08:41,888 --> 00:08:43,563
The tribes are told
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00:08:43,640 --> 00:08:47,484
That allegiance will bring them
a better tomorrow.
141
00:08:47,561 --> 00:08:49,402
But for decades to come,
142
00:08:49,479 --> 00:08:52,063
Many of america's
original inhabitants
143
00:08:52,074 --> 00:08:55,075
Will lead lives
of poverty and isolation.
144
00:09:00,082 --> 00:09:02,156
The fight to dominate the west
145
00:09:02,167 --> 00:09:06,578
Also brings america
into conflict with mexico.
146
00:09:06,588 --> 00:09:07,837
In 1916,
147
00:09:07,914 --> 00:09:10,748
America's 2,000-mile border
with its neighbor
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00:09:10,759 --> 00:09:12,592
Is a flashpoint.
149
00:09:13,753 --> 00:09:15,670
[boom]
150
00:09:15,681 --> 00:09:18,598
Mexico is engulfed
in a violent revolution.
151
00:09:18,675 --> 00:09:20,508
[men yelling]
152
00:09:20,519 --> 00:09:26,764
The u.S. Backs a faction
led by venustiano carranza.
153
00:09:26,775 --> 00:09:30,193
But his opponent,
former bandit pancho villa,
154
00:09:30,270 --> 00:09:32,854
Won't back down.
155
00:09:32,864 --> 00:09:36,449
On March 9th,
villa's men cross the border
156
00:09:36,526 --> 00:09:39,861
And attack the town
of columbus, new mexico,
157
00:09:39,871 --> 00:09:43,206
Hoping to force the u.S.
Into the war.
158
00:09:44,751 --> 00:09:47,201
18 americans die.
159
00:09:47,212 --> 00:09:50,755
The country witnesses
the carnage in newsreels.
160
00:09:56,221 --> 00:09:59,547
And pancho villa gets his wish.
161
00:09:59,558 --> 00:10:03,810
General john pershing leads
14,000 troops and aircraft
162
00:10:03,887 --> 00:10:06,638
Deep into america's
rugged landscape
163
00:10:06,648 --> 00:10:08,565
To flush villa out.
164
00:10:12,312 --> 00:10:14,237
By April 1916,
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00:10:14,314 --> 00:10:17,574
U.S. Forces
are pouring into mexico,
166
00:10:17,651 --> 00:10:19,618
And the fighting is intense.
167
00:10:20,829 --> 00:10:22,654
[guns fire]
168
00:10:22,664 --> 00:10:26,499
Skirmishes continue
until January 1917,
169
00:10:26,576 --> 00:10:30,712
When diplomacy wins out
and pershing withdraws.
170
00:10:32,248 --> 00:10:35,083
Pancho villa evades capture
171
00:10:35,093 --> 00:10:38,345
And never strays
north of the border again.
172
00:10:41,758 --> 00:10:43,091
But for the u.S.,
173
00:10:43,101 --> 00:10:45,685
The conflict with mexico
has consequences
174
00:10:45,762 --> 00:10:48,021
That endure for decades.
175
00:10:49,900 --> 00:10:53,526
Thousands of mexicans flee
the violence in their country
176
00:10:53,603 --> 00:10:57,614
And look for work on the farms
of the american southwest,
177
00:10:57,691 --> 00:11:01,451
Where the irrigation projects
kicked off by theodore roosevelt
178
00:11:01,528 --> 00:11:05,613
Have been making
the dry land fertile.
179
00:11:05,624 --> 00:11:09,200
Mexican immigrants provide
the cheap labor to work it.
180
00:11:09,211 --> 00:11:14,464
♪
181
00:11:14,541 --> 00:11:19,302
Agriculture flourishes with
control of the west's water,
182
00:11:19,379 --> 00:11:23,932
But this precious resource
will become a battleground.
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00:11:28,054 --> 00:11:33,725
♪
184
00:11:33,735 --> 00:11:36,319
Los angeles, 1920.
185
00:11:37,897 --> 00:11:40,740
With over 500,000 inhabitants,
186
00:11:40,909 --> 00:11:43,076
It's the west's biggest city.
187
00:11:44,329 --> 00:11:46,830
The discovery of oil
20 years earlier,
188
00:11:46,906 --> 00:11:49,582
Near present-day dodger stadium,
189
00:11:49,659 --> 00:11:51,334
Fuels the city's development
190
00:11:51,411 --> 00:11:53,837
And an ever-growing
population.
191
00:11:55,999 --> 00:11:57,757
But to sustain that growth,
192
00:11:57,884 --> 00:12:01,761
The city still needs something
just as important--
193
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Water.
194
00:12:04,257 --> 00:12:07,767
Demand in l.A.
Exceeds the supply.
195
00:12:09,179 --> 00:12:12,180
The legendary engineer
william mulholland
196
00:12:12,190 --> 00:12:14,774
Discovers
a potential new source--
197
00:12:14,943 --> 00:12:16,526
Owens lake,
198
00:12:16,603 --> 00:12:18,945
Over 160 miles northeast,
199
00:12:19,022 --> 00:12:21,906
On the eastern flank
of the sierra nevada.
200
00:12:23,785 --> 00:12:26,870
To divert the lake's water
down to the city,
201
00:12:26,946 --> 00:12:28,872
Mulholland builds a vast system
202
00:12:28,948 --> 00:12:33,701
Of pipes, sluices,
and spillways.
203
00:12:33,712 --> 00:12:35,536
It's an engineering marvel,
204
00:12:35,547 --> 00:12:38,882
But one that leaves
less water for farmers.
205
00:12:40,877 --> 00:12:43,544
Man: More trouble, and it's not
the first time, either.
206
00:12:43,555 --> 00:12:45,221
And ranchers objecting
to the cities
207
00:12:45,298 --> 00:12:46,881
Cutting across their property
208
00:12:46,892 --> 00:12:48,725
Are suspected.
209
00:12:50,729 --> 00:12:51,895
Narrator: Angry farmers
210
00:12:51,971 --> 00:12:54,689
Sabotage the aqueduct
with dynamite.
211
00:12:58,487 --> 00:12:59,894
Man: The police
are after the fiends
212
00:12:59,905 --> 00:13:01,813
Who did this rotten job.
213
00:13:01,823 --> 00:13:03,448
Let's hope they get 'em.
214
00:13:07,329 --> 00:13:09,737
Narrator:
L.A. Repairs the aqueduct
215
00:13:09,748 --> 00:13:12,156
And keeps the water flowing,
216
00:13:12,167 --> 00:13:17,837
But by 1926,
the owens lakebed is dry.
217
00:13:17,964 --> 00:13:20,465
Today it's a salt flat.
218
00:13:23,595 --> 00:13:27,421
Water scarcity shapes
the history of the west.
219
00:13:27,432 --> 00:13:31,851
But so does the abundance
of a different natural resource.
220
00:13:32,020 --> 00:13:35,012
♪
221
00:13:35,023 --> 00:13:38,599
Over 800 miles
north of los angeles
222
00:13:38,610 --> 00:13:40,235
Lies portland, oregon.
223
00:13:41,855 --> 00:13:47,408
The once-sleepy city now houses
over 250,000 people.
224
00:13:48,870 --> 00:13:50,203
[crash]
225
00:13:50,280 --> 00:13:53,456
With its dense forests,
the pacific northwest
226
00:13:53,533 --> 00:13:56,951
Is home to one of the west's
biggest industries--
227
00:13:56,962 --> 00:13:58,753
Timber.
228
00:14:00,048 --> 00:14:01,548
By 1920,
229
00:14:01,624 --> 00:14:05,051
The region is the source
of a third of america's wood.
230
00:14:05,128 --> 00:14:09,547
It's transported across
a vast railroad network
231
00:14:09,558 --> 00:14:13,685
That's also a steady customer
for wooden ties.
232
00:14:16,472 --> 00:14:19,473
In wyoming's
medicine bow national forest,
233
00:14:19,484 --> 00:14:23,403
The thompson family
films itself preparing ties.
234
00:14:26,241 --> 00:14:29,909
They transport their haul
free of charge,
235
00:14:29,995 --> 00:14:31,661
Down the laramie river
236
00:14:31,738 --> 00:14:32,912
To processing plants.
237
00:14:33,081 --> 00:14:37,876
♪
238
00:14:41,247 --> 00:14:43,923
Nature can be bountiful
in the west.
239
00:14:44,009 --> 00:14:47,427
But people's determination
to bend it to their will
240
00:14:47,503 --> 00:14:50,221
Can have unforeseen
consequences.
241
00:14:51,266 --> 00:14:55,101
By 1921,
in rain-starved arizona,
242
00:14:55,178 --> 00:14:59,939
Irrigation gives rise
to some 30,000 farms.
243
00:15:00,150 --> 00:15:02,183
At first they thrive.
244
00:15:02,193 --> 00:15:04,944
Banks offer easy credit
to farmers.
245
00:15:06,439 --> 00:15:08,865
Many invest in new machinery.
246
00:15:10,035 --> 00:15:12,535
But these would-be
masters of nature
247
00:15:12,612 --> 00:15:15,246
Are victims
of their own success.
248
00:15:16,541 --> 00:15:19,292
Farmers grow more
than they can sell,
249
00:15:19,369 --> 00:15:23,454
Fall into debt, and face crisis.
250
00:15:23,465 --> 00:15:27,375
Years before the devastating
dust bowl of the 1930s,
251
00:15:27,385 --> 00:15:32,213
Bankruptcy threatens a quarter
of farms across the country.
252
00:15:32,223 --> 00:15:36,976
It is known
as the agricultural depression.
253
00:15:37,103 --> 00:15:39,103
Many are ruined.
254
00:15:42,067 --> 00:15:43,557
The west's next boom
255
00:15:43,568 --> 00:15:47,812
Always seems to be
just around the corner.
256
00:15:47,822 --> 00:15:55,736
♪
257
00:15:55,747 --> 00:15:57,830
In the mid-1920s,
258
00:15:57,907 --> 00:16:01,084
Eugene standing bear
makes these home movies
259
00:16:01,160 --> 00:16:04,212
Of the american indian
osage nation.
260
00:16:05,915 --> 00:16:07,840
He's married to mary,
261
00:16:07,917 --> 00:16:11,335
The daughter
of chief fred lookout.
262
00:16:11,346 --> 00:16:13,763
Forced out of one place
after another,
263
00:16:13,840 --> 00:16:18,434
The osage are relocated here
to northern oklahoma,
264
00:16:18,511 --> 00:16:21,595
Near the town of pawhuska.
265
00:16:21,606 --> 00:16:25,099
Their new land
seems to be worthless.
266
00:16:25,110 --> 00:16:27,694
But in 1894...
267
00:16:29,522 --> 00:16:33,357
Vast oil reserves are discovered
on their territory.
268
00:16:36,195 --> 00:16:38,779
So the operators
who lease the land
269
00:16:38,790 --> 00:16:43,367
Have to pay royalties
to the osage nation--
270
00:16:43,378 --> 00:16:45,878
Money that offers the tribe
271
00:16:45,955 --> 00:16:49,882
All the time they want
on the golf course.
272
00:16:51,961 --> 00:16:56,973
They become the richest people
per capita in the world.
273
00:16:57,050 --> 00:17:00,143
Many own more than 10 cars.
274
00:17:00,219 --> 00:17:02,812
Some can even fly.
275
00:17:04,307 --> 00:17:06,983
A rare skill in the 1920s.
276
00:17:10,897 --> 00:17:15,900
But many american indians
are nowhere near as lucky.
277
00:17:15,910 --> 00:17:17,485
They live in poverty,
278
00:17:17,495 --> 00:17:20,580
And some still aren't even
american citizens.
279
00:17:23,910 --> 00:17:25,752
In June 1924,
280
00:17:25,828 --> 00:17:31,582
President calvin coolidge signs
the indian citizenship act.
281
00:17:31,593 --> 00:17:36,179
But some still won't have
voting rights for decades
282
00:17:36,255 --> 00:17:39,098
And remain skeptical
of the government
283
00:17:39,175 --> 00:17:41,684
That treats them so badly.
284
00:17:49,102 --> 00:17:50,935
The land they call home
285
00:17:50,945 --> 00:17:54,864
Is attracting more and more
people from the east
286
00:17:54,941 --> 00:17:58,526
To fuel the west's
newest industry--
287
00:17:58,536 --> 00:17:59,952
Tourism.
288
00:18:01,873 --> 00:18:05,783
In 1925, most who make
the trek to the west
289
00:18:05,794 --> 00:18:07,543
Travel by train.
290
00:18:12,208 --> 00:18:13,966
There are few roads,
291
00:18:14,043 --> 00:18:17,637
But the rail network boasts
a quarter-million miles of track
292
00:18:17,713 --> 00:18:19,806
Spreading all through the west.
293
00:18:21,226 --> 00:18:24,143
The northern pacific
and union pacific
294
00:18:24,220 --> 00:18:27,805
Can drop you in the midst
of spectacular beauty.
295
00:18:27,816 --> 00:18:29,148
[horse neighing]
296
00:18:29,275 --> 00:18:32,735
Top of the must-see list
are the new national parks.
297
00:18:37,233 --> 00:18:40,568
Theodore roosevelt,
a passionate conservationist,
298
00:18:40,578 --> 00:18:45,072
Adds 5 national parks
and 150 forests
299
00:18:45,083 --> 00:18:47,416
To the roster of public land--
300
00:18:47,493 --> 00:18:51,420
Most protected to this day
by the federal government.
301
00:18:54,584 --> 00:18:57,918
Films like this one
by burton holmes from chicago
302
00:18:57,929 --> 00:19:02,265
Capture the grand canyon and
rocky mountain national park.
303
00:19:06,095 --> 00:19:08,187
A world-famous traveler,
304
00:19:08,264 --> 00:19:10,606
Holmes pioneers
the travelogue--
305
00:19:10,683 --> 00:19:15,528
Movies and accompanying lectures
shown to audiences back east.
306
00:19:15,605 --> 00:19:18,197
Over the years,
he gives 8,000 talks
307
00:19:18,274 --> 00:19:21,200
About his travels
around the world.
308
00:19:21,411 --> 00:19:23,110
In the 1920s,
309
00:19:23,121 --> 00:19:27,456
He inspires a whole generation
to head west for adventure.
310
00:19:29,460 --> 00:19:32,786
And it's not just
the vast landscapes.
311
00:19:32,797 --> 00:19:36,299
Americans want to experience
buffalo bill's old west
312
00:19:36,375 --> 00:19:38,384
For themselves.
313
00:19:42,140 --> 00:19:47,143
In 1926, ernest miller of
the elkhorn ranch in montana
314
00:19:47,220 --> 00:19:50,721
Convinces max goodsill of
the northern pacific railroad
315
00:19:50,732 --> 00:19:53,641
That they should work together.
316
00:19:53,651 --> 00:19:57,394
Their partnership
sparks a new industry.
317
00:19:57,405 --> 00:20:00,573
Railroad companies offer
the enthusiastic tourist
318
00:20:00,650 --> 00:20:04,160
A stopover
with an authentic twist.
319
00:20:04,237 --> 00:20:05,569
The host ranchers
320
00:20:05,580 --> 00:20:08,989
Nickname the city-slickers
playing cowboys "dudes."
321
00:20:09,000 --> 00:20:12,251
The name sticks,
and a business booms--
322
00:20:12,328 --> 00:20:13,669
Dude ranches.
323
00:20:13,746 --> 00:20:15,755
Woman: Whee! Ha ha ha!
324
00:20:15,831 --> 00:20:18,749
Narrator: They can bone up
on essential cowboy skills.
325
00:20:18,760 --> 00:20:22,002
[laughter]
326
00:20:22,013 --> 00:20:24,931
And dudes need new duds.
327
00:20:25,007 --> 00:20:27,266
Woman: No ranch is complete
without the youngsters.
328
00:20:27,343 --> 00:20:28,684
And no youngster is happy
329
00:20:28,761 --> 00:20:31,178
Unless he or she
has complete rig
330
00:20:31,189 --> 00:20:34,014
That makes them feel like
honest-to-goodness cowboys.
331
00:20:34,025 --> 00:20:35,274
Children: Woo-hoo!
332
00:20:35,351 --> 00:20:36,984
[clapping]
333
00:20:38,604 --> 00:20:40,938
Narrator:
Home movies from the late 1920s
334
00:20:40,949 --> 00:20:43,532
Capture the lupfer family
from ohio,
335
00:20:43,609 --> 00:20:45,284
Out near wickenburg, arizona,
336
00:20:45,361 --> 00:20:47,995
On their dude ranch vacation.
337
00:20:49,448 --> 00:20:52,208
[ringing]
338
00:20:52,285 --> 00:20:57,204
There's something
for everyone in the family.
339
00:20:57,215 --> 00:20:59,298
For those with enough nerve,
340
00:20:59,425 --> 00:21:01,801
A ride on a bucking bronco.
341
00:21:06,716 --> 00:21:09,809
And no cowboy fantasy
would be complete
342
00:21:09,885 --> 00:21:12,720
Without american indians
putting on a show.
343
00:21:12,730 --> 00:21:18,809
[drumming and chanting]
344
00:21:18,820 --> 00:21:22,062
But new traditions
have also begun.
345
00:21:24,900 --> 00:21:28,986
In 1927, in gallup, new mexico,
346
00:21:28,997 --> 00:21:32,489
Thousands gather
for a special event.
347
00:21:32,500 --> 00:21:39,088
The town borders navajo, hopi,
acoma, and zuni reservations--
348
00:21:39,165 --> 00:21:42,466
Tribes who have long
come to the town to trade.
349
00:21:43,678 --> 00:21:46,503
This is the sixth
annual gathering.
350
00:21:46,514 --> 00:21:48,339
It's held every August
351
00:21:48,349 --> 00:21:51,475
And known as
the intertribal ceremonial.
352
00:21:52,928 --> 00:21:57,431
Tribes parade through the town
and down route 66.
353
00:21:57,442 --> 00:21:59,984
[whooping]
354
00:22:01,437 --> 00:22:04,447
Thomas seymour
of the smithsonian institution
355
00:22:04,523 --> 00:22:06,115
Captures rare footage
356
00:22:06,192 --> 00:22:08,451
Of an event that
continues to this day.
357
00:22:08,527 --> 00:22:13,280
[ululating]
358
00:22:13,291 --> 00:22:20,546
♪
359
00:22:20,623 --> 00:22:22,381
Celebrating history
360
00:22:22,467 --> 00:22:26,469
Will help ensure the survival
of many small western towns...
361
00:22:28,473 --> 00:22:31,965
Such as tombstone, arizona.
362
00:22:31,976 --> 00:22:34,218
Once famous for its silver,
363
00:22:34,228 --> 00:22:40,232
It now faces the fate of many
exhausted mining communities--
364
00:22:40,309 --> 00:22:42,193
Becoming a ghost town.
365
00:22:44,739 --> 00:22:48,816
So it turns
to its other claim to fame--
366
00:22:48,826 --> 00:22:52,495
Being home to the most famous
lawman of the west,
367
00:22:52,571 --> 00:22:54,413
Wyatt earp,
368
00:22:54,582 --> 00:22:59,418
And location of the infamous
shootout at the ok corral.
369
00:22:59,587 --> 00:23:01,161
[gunfire]
370
00:23:01,172 --> 00:23:05,424
Now tourists can experience
the gunplay first-hand,
371
00:23:05,593 --> 00:23:07,676
Re-enacted in the exact spot
372
00:23:07,753 --> 00:23:09,503
Where three
of the clanton-mclaury gang
373
00:23:09,514 --> 00:23:14,433
Were killed by doc holliday and
his friends, the earp brothers,
374
00:23:14,510 --> 00:23:16,894
47 years earlier.
375
00:23:18,514 --> 00:23:21,440
♪
376
00:23:21,567 --> 00:23:25,185
In 1928, now age 79,
377
00:23:25,196 --> 00:23:30,449
The real wyatt earp
lives in mid-city, los angeles.
378
00:23:30,618 --> 00:23:32,451
His gun-slinging days over,
379
00:23:32,528 --> 00:23:34,537
He works as
a technical consultant
380
00:23:34,613 --> 00:23:37,614
For the burgeoning
movie industry.
381
00:23:37,625 --> 00:23:40,626
Hollywood has a huge appetite
for westerns,
382
00:23:40,703 --> 00:23:43,704
And his knowledge is priceless.
383
00:23:43,714 --> 00:23:45,456
On set one day,
384
00:23:45,466 --> 00:23:49,468
He meets an aspiring young actor
named marion morrison,
385
00:23:49,595 --> 00:23:53,130
Who's eager to walk and talk
like a real cowboy.
386
00:23:53,141 --> 00:23:58,269
Later, he'll take the stage name
john wayne.
387
00:23:59,388 --> 00:24:00,637
Earp helps hollywood
388
00:24:00,648 --> 00:24:03,482
Crystallize the romantic image
of the wild west
389
00:24:03,559 --> 00:24:05,693
That still endures today.
390
00:24:07,813 --> 00:24:10,322
But while the myth
is being harnessed,
391
00:24:10,399 --> 00:24:15,828
Nature, as always in the west,
proves harder to tame.
392
00:24:21,169 --> 00:24:23,335
For 1,500 miles,
393
00:24:23,412 --> 00:24:26,413
The colorado river
cuts through the west...
394
00:24:26,424 --> 00:24:30,468
From the rocky mountains
to the gulf of california.
395
00:24:31,679 --> 00:24:33,929
It's a powerful force of nature
396
00:24:34,006 --> 00:24:37,183
And is historically prone
to flooding.
397
00:24:37,259 --> 00:24:42,179
In 1922, it submerges
35,000 acres of farmland
398
00:24:42,190 --> 00:24:46,525
In california's
palo verde valley.
399
00:24:46,602 --> 00:24:48,936
To keep the west's
future on track,
400
00:24:48,946 --> 00:24:51,605
The colorado
will have to be tamed.
401
00:24:51,616 --> 00:24:55,534
[explosion]
402
00:24:55,745 --> 00:24:57,536
So in 1929,
403
00:24:57,613 --> 00:25:02,041
President herbert hoover
finances a colossal new project,
404
00:25:02,117 --> 00:25:05,544
Up river,
at black canyon, nevada.
405
00:25:05,621 --> 00:25:07,379
The boulder dam,
406
00:25:07,456 --> 00:25:10,874
Later to be renamed
the hoover dam.
407
00:25:10,885 --> 00:25:17,806
♪
408
00:25:17,883 --> 00:25:20,726
To accommodate
the dam's workforce,
409
00:25:20,803 --> 00:25:22,970
The u.S. Government
builds a new town
410
00:25:22,980 --> 00:25:26,023
8 miles from
the construction site.
411
00:25:28,236 --> 00:25:29,652
Boulder city.
412
00:25:34,700 --> 00:25:39,578
This sudden injection of jobs
couldn't be more timely.
413
00:25:39,655 --> 00:25:43,165
Westerners have been hit hard
by the great depression.
414
00:25:43,242 --> 00:25:46,910
Urban unemployment
is over 30 percent...
415
00:25:46,921 --> 00:25:50,714
While western mining output
has been cut in half.
416
00:25:52,418 --> 00:25:56,086
Farmers still suffering from
the agricultural depression
417
00:25:56,097 --> 00:25:59,598
Have been brought
to their knees.
418
00:25:59,675 --> 00:26:01,842
For people desperate for work,
419
00:26:01,852 --> 00:26:04,103
The dam is a godsend.
420
00:26:06,932 --> 00:26:08,440
The scale of the project
421
00:26:08,517 --> 00:26:11,935
Dwarfs anything
in the nation's history.
422
00:26:11,946 --> 00:26:14,113
It requires
six different companies
423
00:26:14,189 --> 00:26:17,616
To come together to build it.
424
00:26:17,785 --> 00:26:23,780
Among the contractors
is the henry j. Kaiser company.
425
00:26:23,791 --> 00:26:26,208
One of the west's
top industrialists,
426
00:26:26,285 --> 00:26:29,461
Kaiser notches successes
across the region,
427
00:26:29,538 --> 00:26:32,631
Building roads,
bridges, and pipelines.
428
00:26:34,135 --> 00:26:36,293
At the peak of construction,
429
00:26:36,304 --> 00:26:40,047
The dam offers work
to over 5,000,
430
00:26:40,057 --> 00:26:42,308
Including a handful of apaches
431
00:26:42,384 --> 00:26:46,145
Who are among the few
american indians to get work.
432
00:26:46,221 --> 00:26:48,647
They join a team
of "high scalers,"
433
00:26:48,724 --> 00:26:50,149
Swinging from the rock face,
434
00:26:50,225 --> 00:26:53,277
Where they prepare
dynamite charges.
435
00:26:55,489 --> 00:26:58,657
On September 30, 1935,
436
00:26:58,734 --> 00:27:02,494
Hoover's successor,
president franklin d. Roosevelt,
437
00:27:02,571 --> 00:27:05,322
Dedicates the dam.
438
00:27:05,333 --> 00:27:07,666
Franklin roosevelt: The mighty
waters of the colorado
439
00:27:07,743 --> 00:27:09,918
Were running unused to the sea.
440
00:27:09,995 --> 00:27:13,255
Today we translate them
441
00:27:13,332 --> 00:27:15,924
Into a great
national possession.
442
00:27:18,095 --> 00:27:19,678
Narrator:
Cameras capture the moment
443
00:27:19,755 --> 00:27:23,849
When the 12 outlet valves
open for the first time.
444
00:27:26,261 --> 00:27:30,013
When the dam finally
comes online in 1936,
445
00:27:30,024 --> 00:27:32,107
Its 17 turbines
446
00:27:32,184 --> 00:27:36,612
Produce over 4 billion
kilowatts of power each year,
447
00:27:36,689 --> 00:27:38,030
Supplying the vast regions
448
00:27:38,107 --> 00:27:42,284
Of arizona, southern nevada,
and southern california.
449
00:27:42,361 --> 00:27:46,697
The hoover dam's success
inspires fdr,
450
00:27:46,707 --> 00:27:48,374
And he green-lights six more,
451
00:27:48,450 --> 00:27:52,711
Providing more electricity
and jobs for the west.
452
00:27:52,838 --> 00:27:58,634
♪
453
00:27:58,711 --> 00:27:59,960
Elsewhere in the west,
454
00:27:59,970 --> 00:28:03,472
Another power source
is set to explode.
455
00:28:05,309 --> 00:28:10,896
In texas, the discovery of oil
back in 1901 made many wealthy.
456
00:28:10,973 --> 00:28:14,733
So when the east texas oilfield
gushes in 1930,
457
00:28:14,819 --> 00:28:17,644
The future looks bright.
458
00:28:17,655 --> 00:28:20,906
These are the home movies
of edwin b. Hopkins,
459
00:28:20,983 --> 00:28:24,743
Geologist and oil man.
460
00:28:24,829 --> 00:28:26,745
This is his
newly found oilfield
461
00:28:26,956 --> 00:28:29,790
Outside the boomtown of kilgore.
462
00:28:31,827 --> 00:28:33,419
Nearby, the town of new london
463
00:28:33,495 --> 00:28:37,756
Pulls in revenue
from taxes on oil land--
464
00:28:37,833 --> 00:28:40,584
Money that in 1932 helps build
465
00:28:40,594 --> 00:28:42,928
This multi-million-dollar
high school.
466
00:28:43,005 --> 00:28:45,681
$13 million today.
467
00:28:47,176 --> 00:28:50,927
But even the wealthy
cut corners sometimes,
468
00:28:50,938 --> 00:28:54,189
With devastating effects.
469
00:28:54,266 --> 00:28:57,276
To save money,
the school board taps directly
470
00:28:57,352 --> 00:29:01,438
Into the local oil well's
natural gas supply.
471
00:29:01,449 --> 00:29:06,526
In the mid-1930s,
the gas is odorless.
472
00:29:06,537 --> 00:29:09,279
So on March 18, 1937,
473
00:29:09,290 --> 00:29:12,458
When there is a leak,
no one notices.
474
00:29:13,961 --> 00:29:18,538
By chance, one class of kids
moves from the high school
475
00:29:18,549 --> 00:29:20,382
To an off-site gymnasium,
476
00:29:20,459 --> 00:29:23,594
Where they are filmed practicing
the mexican hat dance.
477
00:29:25,556 --> 00:29:29,808
At 3:17, a spark
caused by a shop teacher
478
00:29:29,885 --> 00:29:31,977
Triggers an explosion.
479
00:29:37,893 --> 00:29:41,361
300 students and staff die.
480
00:29:49,738 --> 00:29:52,572
Woman: I looked up
just as the explosion occurred.
481
00:29:52,583 --> 00:29:55,250
It seemed to me that
the big roof and debris
482
00:29:55,327 --> 00:29:56,910
Were blown three times higher
483
00:29:56,921 --> 00:29:59,254
Than any of the derricks
around the schoolhouse.
484
00:30:01,333 --> 00:30:03,008
Narrator: After the tragedy,
485
00:30:03,085 --> 00:30:06,011
The industry adds a smell
to natural gas
486
00:30:06,088 --> 00:30:08,430
To make it detectable--
487
00:30:08,507 --> 00:30:11,642
A safety measure
still in place today.
488
00:30:17,107 --> 00:30:18,607
In other parts of the west,
489
00:30:18,684 --> 00:30:20,934
The bold and ambitious
find their own ways
490
00:30:20,945 --> 00:30:24,020
To counter the hardships
of the depression.
491
00:30:24,031 --> 00:30:25,864
[horn blows]
492
00:30:25,941 --> 00:30:29,034
The new record-breaking
streamliner train
493
00:30:29,111 --> 00:30:31,778
Is launched
by union pacific chairman
494
00:30:31,789 --> 00:30:33,613
W. Averell harriman.
495
00:30:33,624 --> 00:30:35,031
W. Averell harriman:
This is the first step
496
00:30:35,042 --> 00:30:36,458
In the developing
497
00:30:36,535 --> 00:30:38,961
Of a high-speed
transcontinental train
498
00:30:39,037 --> 00:30:42,214
To run from chicago
to the pacific coast.
499
00:30:44,093 --> 00:30:45,217
Narrator:
Passengers are delivered
500
00:30:45,294 --> 00:30:47,627
To another of his creations--
501
00:30:47,638 --> 00:30:52,182
The first destination ski resort
for wealthy vacationers.
502
00:30:53,719 --> 00:30:55,894
Sun valley.
503
00:30:55,971 --> 00:30:58,480
Nestled in idaho's
smoky mountains,
504
00:30:58,557 --> 00:31:01,733
It's a haven of winter fun
for america's elite.
505
00:31:05,656 --> 00:31:07,656
It opens in 1936
506
00:31:07,733 --> 00:31:09,825
And attracts
hollywood celebrities
507
00:31:09,902 --> 00:31:12,911
Like claudette colbert...
508
00:31:12,988 --> 00:31:14,913
Errol flynn...
509
00:31:14,990 --> 00:31:18,834
And his wife, lili damita.
510
00:31:18,911 --> 00:31:23,338
And international playboys,
like the future shah of iran.
511
00:31:24,842 --> 00:31:28,010
The west, once seen
as savage and remote,
512
00:31:28,086 --> 00:31:31,889
Can now be a playground
for the rich and famous.
513
00:31:35,510 --> 00:31:40,430
♪
514
00:31:40,441 --> 00:31:43,025
The west may becoming tamer,
515
00:31:43,101 --> 00:31:48,238
But some still seek to settle
confrontations the old way.
516
00:31:49,950 --> 00:31:53,360
A dispute over rights
to colorado river water
517
00:31:53,370 --> 00:31:54,945
Leads to a standoff
518
00:31:54,955 --> 00:31:58,615
Between the states
of california and arizona.
519
00:31:58,626 --> 00:32:00,959
The federal government
gives california
520
00:32:01,036 --> 00:32:02,794
A bigger share of the resources
521
00:32:02,871 --> 00:32:05,797
From its proposed new dam.
522
00:32:05,874 --> 00:32:08,967
Formidable state senator
nellie t. Bush
523
00:32:09,136 --> 00:32:11,461
Speaks up for arizona.
524
00:32:11,472 --> 00:32:14,222
Nellie t. Bush:
Water is the very life
525
00:32:14,299 --> 00:32:18,977
Of every foot of fertile land
in the state of arizona.
526
00:32:19,054 --> 00:32:23,056
The waters skirting along
the banks of arizona
527
00:32:23,067 --> 00:32:26,818
Should be divided
or shared equally.
528
00:32:28,572 --> 00:32:30,397
Narrator: On November 10th,
529
00:32:30,407 --> 00:32:34,076
The arizona national guard
moves in to halt construction.
530
00:32:35,579 --> 00:32:39,164
Senator bush provides
ferries for transport,
531
00:32:39,241 --> 00:32:40,832
Becoming the first admiral
532
00:32:40,909 --> 00:32:44,002
Of landlocked arizona's
temporary navy.
533
00:32:45,998 --> 00:32:49,257
Bush: I believe the people
of the state of arizona
534
00:32:49,334 --> 00:32:53,753
Are justified
in using drastic means
535
00:32:53,764 --> 00:32:56,014
To circumvent this action
536
00:32:56,141 --> 00:32:59,851
Until its legality
is established.
537
00:32:59,928 --> 00:33:03,021
Narrator: But unlike
the days of the wild west,
538
00:33:03,190 --> 00:33:05,023
No shots are fired.
539
00:33:05,100 --> 00:33:08,276
After a promise of
future irrigation projects,
540
00:33:08,353 --> 00:33:11,104
Arizona backs down.
541
00:33:11,115 --> 00:33:13,281
Interstate war is averted.
542
00:33:13,358 --> 00:33:16,034
The courts
are the new battlegrounds
543
00:33:16,203 --> 00:33:18,120
Of the developing west.
544
00:33:20,207 --> 00:33:22,866
[explosion]
545
00:33:22,876 --> 00:33:26,044
The huge construction projects
of the 1930s
546
00:33:26,121 --> 00:33:29,047
Help the west
survive the depression
547
00:33:29,216 --> 00:33:32,384
But produce
too much electricity.
548
00:33:32,461 --> 00:33:34,794
One congressman complained
549
00:33:34,805 --> 00:33:38,056
That "there is no one
to sell the power to
550
00:33:38,133 --> 00:33:42,302
Except the jackrabbits
and the rattlesnakes."
551
00:33:42,312 --> 00:33:44,479
But change is looming.
552
00:33:44,556 --> 00:33:48,066
The west is poised to become
the nation's powerhouse
553
00:33:48,277 --> 00:33:49,985
And lifeline.
554
00:33:50,062 --> 00:33:52,320
[ship horn blows]
555
00:33:56,076 --> 00:33:59,161
January 6, 1942.
556
00:33:59,237 --> 00:34:01,988
America is a month
into a global war
557
00:34:01,999 --> 00:34:05,000
For which it is poorly equipped.
558
00:34:05,077 --> 00:34:07,994
With enemies in europe
and across the pacific,
559
00:34:08,005 --> 00:34:10,672
It has only a fraction
of the material it will need
560
00:34:10,749 --> 00:34:12,549
To win the war.
561
00:34:13,919 --> 00:34:17,095
Fdr, aware of
the monumental military
562
00:34:17,172 --> 00:34:19,506
And manufacturing effort
required,
563
00:34:19,516 --> 00:34:23,310
Reaches out to industry in his
state of the union speech.
564
00:34:25,097 --> 00:34:27,355
Roosevelt: This production
of ours in the united states
565
00:34:27,432 --> 00:34:31,109
Must be raised
far above present levels,
566
00:34:31,186 --> 00:34:32,519
Even though it will mean
567
00:34:32,529 --> 00:34:36,031
The dislocation
of the lives and occupations
568
00:34:36,108 --> 00:34:39,117
Of millions of our own people.
569
00:34:39,328 --> 00:34:43,279
Narrator: Americans head west
to work in armaments factories,
570
00:34:43,290 --> 00:34:46,124
Which are now proliferating
across the region.
571
00:34:47,461 --> 00:34:49,711
For industrialist henry kaiser,
572
00:34:49,788 --> 00:34:54,466
The war opens up a spigot
of new federal spending.
573
00:34:54,543 --> 00:34:57,385
The west receives
$60 billion from washington
574
00:34:57,462 --> 00:34:59,054
For war projects,
575
00:34:59,131 --> 00:35:02,057
With shipbuilding a priority.
576
00:35:02,134 --> 00:35:06,561
Along the coasts in california,
oregon, and washington,
577
00:35:06,638 --> 00:35:09,564
Kaiser owns seven shipyards--
578
00:35:09,641 --> 00:35:14,152
Each one with enough dry docks
to launch a ship a day.
579
00:35:15,322 --> 00:35:17,397
In November 1942,
580
00:35:17,407 --> 00:35:19,649
His yard
in richmond, california,
581
00:35:19,660 --> 00:35:23,570
Wins a competition to build
a ship in the shortest time.
582
00:35:26,375 --> 00:35:29,167
Announcer: Now mr. Kaiser
views his latest achievement,
583
00:35:29,336 --> 00:35:31,670
The 10,000-ton
robert e. Peary,
584
00:35:31,746 --> 00:35:35,257
Built in 4 days,
15 hours, and 29 minutes.
585
00:35:35,333 --> 00:35:36,675
A world production record
586
00:35:36,751 --> 00:35:40,170
Beyond the dreams
of shipbuilding experts.
587
00:35:40,180 --> 00:35:43,348
Narrator: In portland,
in a span of two years,
588
00:35:43,425 --> 00:35:45,267
The kaiser shipyard churns out
589
00:35:45,343 --> 00:35:49,846
Over a thousand
liberty and victory ships.
590
00:35:49,857 --> 00:35:53,108
The expansion of shipyards
and ports on the west coast
591
00:35:53,185 --> 00:35:56,486
Stimulates its economy
for decades to come.
592
00:35:59,867 --> 00:36:01,774
♪
593
00:36:01,785 --> 00:36:05,203
East of san francisco,
in port chicago,
594
00:36:05,414 --> 00:36:06,538
African american sailors
595
00:36:06,615 --> 00:36:09,365
Stock ships
destined for the pacific
596
00:36:09,376 --> 00:36:11,251
With live munitions.
597
00:36:12,954 --> 00:36:14,880
It's dangerous work,
598
00:36:14,956 --> 00:36:19,292
And little attention
is paid to their safety.
599
00:36:19,303 --> 00:36:22,637
Racial discrimination
is still rampant.
600
00:36:25,475 --> 00:36:28,968
On July 17, 1944,
601
00:36:28,979 --> 00:36:30,729
The s.S. E.A. Bryan,
602
00:36:30,805 --> 00:36:34,807
Loaded with more than
4,500 tons of ammunition,
603
00:36:34,818 --> 00:36:37,310
Explodes.
604
00:36:37,321 --> 00:36:40,238
This footage
captures the aftermath
605
00:36:40,324 --> 00:36:42,157
Of the devastating accident.
606
00:36:45,403 --> 00:36:49,739
Falling debris
lands two miles away.
607
00:36:52,577 --> 00:36:55,503
Man: I saw the ship
disintegrate before my eyes.
608
00:36:55,580 --> 00:36:56,996
Pieces of steel and flames
609
00:36:57,007 --> 00:36:59,257
Shot hundreds of feet
up in the air.
610
00:36:59,334 --> 00:37:02,001
The next thing I knew
I was flying through the air,
611
00:37:02,012 --> 00:37:04,763
Lost my rifle,
I landed in a ditch.
612
00:37:06,850 --> 00:37:10,268
Narrator: More than 300 sailors
die instantly--
613
00:37:10,345 --> 00:37:14,272
Two-thirds of them
african american.
614
00:37:14,399 --> 00:37:16,024
During all of world war ii,
615
00:37:16,101 --> 00:37:21,196
It is the deadliest incident
on mainland american soil.
616
00:37:21,273 --> 00:37:22,855
The practices that caused it
617
00:37:22,866 --> 00:37:26,526
Reflect the prevailing racism
in the military.
618
00:37:26,536 --> 00:37:29,120
Hundreds of
african americans strike
619
00:37:29,197 --> 00:37:32,865
Until the dangerous
working conditions change.
620
00:37:32,876 --> 00:37:36,795
50 are court martialed
for mutiny, convicted,
621
00:37:36,871 --> 00:37:41,132
And sentenced to up to
15 years' hard labor.
622
00:37:41,209 --> 00:37:44,127
In 1946, in an act of clemency,
623
00:37:44,137 --> 00:37:47,347
President harry truman
sets the men free.
624
00:37:49,301 --> 00:37:51,309
Their stand for racial justice
625
00:37:51,386 --> 00:37:54,312
Helps push the navy to be
the first military service
626
00:37:54,389 --> 00:37:56,731
To begin desegregation.
627
00:37:58,810 --> 00:38:01,728
♪
628
00:38:01,738 --> 00:38:04,897
During the war,
unlike african americans,
629
00:38:04,908 --> 00:38:07,317
American indians
served in the same units
630
00:38:07,327 --> 00:38:09,911
With white soldiers.
631
00:38:09,988 --> 00:38:12,572
[gunfire]
632
00:38:12,582 --> 00:38:14,082
Arizona's navajo
633
00:38:14,159 --> 00:38:17,419
Bring a special skill
to the battlefield.
634
00:38:17,495 --> 00:38:22,081
Like all american indian tribes,
they speak a unique language--
635
00:38:22,092 --> 00:38:26,678
One which enemy forces
can't understand.
636
00:38:26,755 --> 00:38:28,671
Commanders realize
their potential
637
00:38:28,682 --> 00:38:32,350
To provide
a perfect natural code.
638
00:38:32,427 --> 00:38:37,263
The marine corps trains them
in military protocol,
639
00:38:37,274 --> 00:38:39,649
And american indians
become "code talkers."
640
00:38:41,853 --> 00:38:44,020
In the battle for iwo jima,
641
00:38:44,031 --> 00:38:48,283
Six navajo code talkers
send 800 messages
642
00:38:48,360 --> 00:38:50,693
In the first 48 hours alone--
643
00:38:50,704 --> 00:38:54,706
Communications crucial
to the capture of the island.
644
00:38:54,783 --> 00:39:00,295
♪
645
00:39:03,541 --> 00:39:05,383
In mid-1945,
646
00:39:05,552 --> 00:39:07,385
The fate
of the war in the pacific
647
00:39:07,462 --> 00:39:11,389
Looks protracted and bloody.
648
00:39:11,466 --> 00:39:12,548
But the government hopes
649
00:39:12,559 --> 00:39:14,634
That its top-secret
manhattan project,
650
00:39:14,644 --> 00:39:17,220
With sites
sprinkled across the west,
651
00:39:17,230 --> 00:39:19,230
Can change that.
652
00:39:19,307 --> 00:39:20,973
For three years,
653
00:39:20,984 --> 00:39:24,819
Scientists have been developing
the world's first atomic bomb.
654
00:39:24,896 --> 00:39:27,230
In the desert
in washington state
655
00:39:27,240 --> 00:39:30,325
Rises a mysterious part
of the project--
656
00:39:30,402 --> 00:39:31,993
A multi-million-dollar complex
657
00:39:32,070 --> 00:39:35,413
Built by
the industrial giant dupont.
658
00:39:35,582 --> 00:39:38,074
They make this rare film,
659
00:39:38,085 --> 00:39:42,420
A unique insight into
the facility known as hanford.
660
00:39:42,547 --> 00:39:44,497
The site becomes a mini city,
661
00:39:44,508 --> 00:39:46,007
Which on the surface,
662
00:39:46,084 --> 00:39:50,095
Has all the trappings
of normal american life,
663
00:39:50,171 --> 00:39:52,755
But only a handful
of its inhabitants
664
00:39:52,766 --> 00:39:56,509
Know the facility's
true purpose.
665
00:39:56,520 --> 00:39:59,938
It transforms uranium
mined in colorado
666
00:40:00,014 --> 00:40:03,441
Into a byproduct
called plutonium.
667
00:40:05,270 --> 00:40:07,687
On July 16, 1945,
668
00:40:07,697 --> 00:40:09,856
It is hanford's plutonium
669
00:40:09,866 --> 00:40:13,276
That fuels the world's
first atomic bomb,
670
00:40:13,286 --> 00:40:18,364
Tested in new mexico's
remote alamogordo desert.
671
00:40:18,375 --> 00:40:20,375
[explosion]
672
00:40:26,299 --> 00:40:30,385
The atom bombs soon dropped
on hiroshima and nagasaki
673
00:40:30,462 --> 00:40:32,554
End the war in the pacific.
674
00:40:33,890 --> 00:40:39,018
The atomic age is born
in the american west.
675
00:40:42,607 --> 00:40:46,484
♪
676
00:40:46,561 --> 00:40:50,655
The utah-arizona border, 1946.
677
00:40:52,400 --> 00:40:55,493
Oscar-winning
hollywood director john ford,
678
00:40:55,570 --> 00:40:57,745
Back from filming the war,
679
00:40:57,822 --> 00:40:59,831
Is ready to reclaim
and reinvigorate
680
00:40:59,908 --> 00:41:02,250
The myth of the old west.
681
00:41:03,753 --> 00:41:06,504
In ford's rare home movies,
682
00:41:06,581 --> 00:41:11,050
We see him in monument valley,
his favorite location.
683
00:41:14,589 --> 00:41:17,932
In 1939, it was the setting
for stagecoach,
684
00:41:18,009 --> 00:41:20,602
His landmark western,
685
00:41:20,678 --> 00:41:23,188
And john wayne's big break.
686
00:41:27,694 --> 00:41:32,113
Now ford is making
"my darling clementine,"
687
00:41:32,190 --> 00:41:35,525
The definitive film
about wyatt earp,
688
00:41:35,535 --> 00:41:39,537
Starring henry fonda
as the legendary lawman.
689
00:41:39,614 --> 00:41:42,540
Announcer: The exciting action
of reckless pioneer days,
690
00:41:42,617 --> 00:41:43,791
The romantic conflicts
691
00:41:43,868 --> 00:41:45,960
Of men and women
who led perilous lives,
692
00:41:46,037 --> 00:41:48,713
And the breathtaking beauty
of scenes filmed
693
00:41:48,790 --> 00:41:51,123
In the magnificence
of the great southwest.
694
00:41:51,134 --> 00:41:53,301
[gunshots]
695
00:41:53,378 --> 00:41:56,045
Narrator: But ford's version
of the wild west
696
00:41:56,056 --> 00:41:59,557
Survives only in the movies now.
697
00:41:59,634 --> 00:42:01,050
[horse neighing]
698
00:42:01,061 --> 00:42:05,471
♪
699
00:42:05,482 --> 00:42:09,058
While americans once headed west
seeking adventure,
700
00:42:09,069 --> 00:42:12,487
They now make the trek
drawn by comfort and climate.
701
00:42:12,564 --> 00:42:14,989
♪
702
00:42:15,066 --> 00:42:17,650
That's what drives
the phenomenal growth
703
00:42:17,661 --> 00:42:20,486
Of phoenix, arizona--
704
00:42:20,497 --> 00:42:21,829
A sprawling city,
705
00:42:21,906 --> 00:42:23,990
Now one of the biggest
in the region,
706
00:42:24,000 --> 00:42:27,502
Only made possible
by teddy roosevelt's irrigation
707
00:42:27,579 --> 00:42:29,671
40 years before.
708
00:42:31,424 --> 00:42:32,924
During the post-war years,
709
00:42:33,001 --> 00:42:35,260
It experiences
a population boom,
710
00:42:35,336 --> 00:42:39,847
Quadrupling from 100,000
to over 400,000.
711
00:42:41,509 --> 00:42:42,925
In the 1950s,
712
00:42:42,936 --> 00:42:45,770
Industries take advantage
of the growing workforce
713
00:42:45,847 --> 00:42:49,015
And ample space to build.
714
00:42:49,025 --> 00:42:52,026
Goodyear, which first
moved here to make tires,
715
00:42:52,103 --> 00:42:55,238
Now expands
into aviation manufacturing.
716
00:42:56,950 --> 00:42:58,691
Another fast-growing business
717
00:42:58,702 --> 00:43:00,618
Springs from
a recent invention--
718
00:43:00,695 --> 00:43:02,370
Air conditioning...
719
00:43:02,447 --> 00:43:05,865
Which makes life comfortable
in a dry desert region
720
00:43:05,875 --> 00:43:09,335
That in the summertime
averages over 100 degrees.
721
00:43:11,756 --> 00:43:15,041
It's not just white americans
who live in phoenix.
722
00:43:15,051 --> 00:43:18,886
There are also
16,000 mexican americans...
723
00:43:18,963 --> 00:43:21,464
Including alfonso barrios,
724
00:43:21,474 --> 00:43:24,642
A mexican american
who was born in california.
725
00:43:24,719 --> 00:43:27,979
♪
726
00:43:28,056 --> 00:43:30,973
In the 1930s,
he moves to phoenix,
727
00:43:30,984 --> 00:43:34,986
Meets and marries dolores,
and starts a family.
728
00:43:36,656 --> 00:43:40,700
His 1950s home movies
capture family life.
729
00:43:45,415 --> 00:43:47,665
Alfonso served in the war
730
00:43:47,742 --> 00:43:49,075
And films a parade
731
00:43:49,085 --> 00:43:51,410
For a mexican-american
veterans association
732
00:43:51,421 --> 00:43:53,755
He supports...
733
00:43:53,831 --> 00:43:55,423
Set up in 1945
734
00:43:55,500 --> 00:43:59,093
To tackle discrimination
against mexican americans.
735
00:44:02,265 --> 00:44:05,683
A community that, in the west,
is under siege.
736
00:44:07,604 --> 00:44:12,682
Since 1942, mexico has been
supplying contract laborers
737
00:44:12,692 --> 00:44:14,192
To u.S. Agriculture
738
00:44:14,268 --> 00:44:18,071
Under an agreement
called the bracero program.
739
00:44:19,866 --> 00:44:22,784
Some 200,000
mexican guest workers
740
00:44:22,860 --> 00:44:26,195
Have been migrating legally
each year...
741
00:44:26,206 --> 00:44:31,709
Many arriving by train
in border towns such as el paso.
742
00:44:31,786 --> 00:44:34,620
But among them
are those with no contract
743
00:44:34,631 --> 00:44:37,048
Who cross illegally--
744
00:44:37,125 --> 00:44:39,967
People vilified as "wetbacks"
745
00:44:40,044 --> 00:44:42,720
For wading across
the rio grande.
746
00:44:46,810 --> 00:44:49,051
Now some in the west
747
00:44:49,062 --> 00:44:53,064
Believe their problems stem
from these immigrants.
748
00:44:53,141 --> 00:44:55,558
Man: Here in the last few years
since the war,
749
00:44:55,568 --> 00:44:59,237
The nationals just came in
and taken our jobs away from us
750
00:44:59,313 --> 00:45:02,573
And have lowered
our standard of living.
751
00:45:02,650 --> 00:45:05,827
Narrator: Illegal migrants
are welcomed by some farmers,
752
00:45:05,903 --> 00:45:09,747
Happy to exploit
their cheap labor.
753
00:45:09,824 --> 00:45:11,332
In 1954,
754
00:45:11,409 --> 00:45:15,002
President dwight d. Eisenhower
decides to get tough.
755
00:45:15,079 --> 00:45:17,672
He starts operation wetback.
756
00:45:19,417 --> 00:45:23,094
In the summer, teams of agents
fan out across the west
757
00:45:23,171 --> 00:45:25,763
To launch a dragnet.
758
00:45:25,840 --> 00:45:27,423
In the first year alone,
759
00:45:27,434 --> 00:45:30,926
Over 250,000 migrants
are apprehended
760
00:45:30,937 --> 00:45:33,938
And sent back to mexico.
761
00:45:34,015 --> 00:45:35,523
The deportations
762
00:45:35,600 --> 00:45:38,067
Add to the strained
relations with mexico...
763
00:45:40,029 --> 00:45:43,948
For the population of the west
is only rising.
764
00:45:46,536 --> 00:45:50,455
♪
765
00:45:50,531 --> 00:45:54,792
By 1955, this once remote
and sparsely settled region
766
00:45:54,869 --> 00:45:56,961
Of frontiersmen and cowboys
767
00:45:57,038 --> 00:45:59,964
Is home to 33 million people.
768
00:46:02,302 --> 00:46:06,053
Dynamic industries
have spawned big cities,
769
00:46:06,130 --> 00:46:08,881
And the days
of outlaws and indian wars
770
00:46:08,892 --> 00:46:12,718
Have receded
into the history books.
771
00:46:12,729 --> 00:46:14,970
But the image and myth
of those times
772
00:46:14,981 --> 00:46:17,982
Is firmly fixed
in the hearts of americans.
773
00:46:22,906 --> 00:46:25,072
Berry seller walter knott,
774
00:46:25,149 --> 00:46:28,659
Who moved to california's
orange county in 1920,
775
00:46:28,736 --> 00:46:31,954
Sees a chance to cash in
on the wild west.
776
00:46:34,083 --> 00:46:35,741
To draw customers,
777
00:46:35,752 --> 00:46:36,992
He installs old buildings
778
00:46:37,003 --> 00:46:41,339
He's picked up
from nearby ghost towns.
779
00:46:41,415 --> 00:46:45,051
This rare home movie
captures knott's re-creation.
780
00:46:46,671 --> 00:46:50,807
Knott's berry farm draws
the curious from miles around...
781
00:46:53,061 --> 00:46:57,271
Eager to immerse themselves
in nostalgia for the wild west.
782
00:46:59,934 --> 00:47:01,275
[gunshot]
783
00:47:01,352 --> 00:47:04,862
And becomes america's
first theme park.
784
00:47:04,939 --> 00:47:06,447
Knott adds even more fun
785
00:47:06,524 --> 00:47:10,952
By putting in rides
with western themes.
786
00:47:11,028 --> 00:47:12,870
This 1968 home movie
787
00:47:12,997 --> 00:47:15,447
By theme park designer
bud hurlbut
788
00:47:15,458 --> 00:47:18,117
Captures
a 61-year-old john wayne
789
00:47:18,127 --> 00:47:21,379
Taking the plunge
on the newly opened log flume.
790
00:47:25,134 --> 00:47:26,542
It's a rare moment
791
00:47:26,553 --> 00:47:29,345
Of the old west
embracing the new.
792
00:47:30,464 --> 00:47:33,632
♪
793
00:47:33,643 --> 00:47:36,894
From the frontier
of american expansion,
794
00:47:36,980 --> 00:47:38,721
The west has transformed
795
00:47:38,731 --> 00:47:41,899
Into an economic
and political powerhouse
796
00:47:41,985 --> 00:47:44,569
That drives change
across america
797
00:47:44,645 --> 00:47:46,812
And the world.
798
00:47:46,823 --> 00:47:51,242
But none of that has erased
what made it so formidable--
799
00:47:51,319 --> 00:47:54,912
The ruggedness and beauty
of its land.
800
00:47:55,081 --> 00:47:59,792
[men whooping]
66927
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