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Previously on "The Men Who Built America: Frontiersmen.."
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Lewis and Clark
achieve the impossible..
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...reaching the Pacific..
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...claiming new land
for the US..
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...and infuriating
Great Britain.
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By 1812..
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[clamoring]
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...the frontier is again
a battleground..
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[grunting]
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...and America's survival..
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...is once more in peril.
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[grunting]
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[Zayde Wolf
singing "Born Ready"]
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♪ I've been
the last one standin' ♪
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♪ When all the giants fell ♪ Whoa-oa-oa whoa-oa-oa
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♪ Whoa-oa-oa whoa-oa-oa
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♪ I won't shiver I won't shake
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♪ I'm made of stone
I don't break ♪
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♪ Staring at the pressure now
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♪ I won't quit
not backing down ♪
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♪ I was born
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♪ Born ready
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♪ I was born
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♪ Born ready
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♪ Open my eyes turn me loose
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♪ And you'll see why
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♪ I was born
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♪ Born ready ♪
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[men screaming]
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[male narrator]
Across the northern frontier
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the US is fighting
its second war in 30 years
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against Great Britain and its Native American allies
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and it's losing.
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[men screaming]
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[men screaming]
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[dramatic music]
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[screaming]
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[screaming]
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Aah!
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[music continues]
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Legendary war chief, Tecumseh
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has already captured
a key American fort.
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In an unprecedented move
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the Shawnee leader
has united warriors
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from two dozen
different tribes.
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He now leads them in raids
meant to drive
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American settlers
from native lands.
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His goal,
create a pan-Indian nation
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west of the Appalachians.
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It's a mission that fills
America's leaders with fear.
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[Eisenbach]
This Pan-Indian alliance
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was a nightmare
for the American government.
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This could potentially
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seriously would impede,
uh, the forward progress
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of the future United States.
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And so, he had to be eliminated
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because this possibility
was too much
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for the American government
to accept.
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[male narrator]
By 1813, Tecumseh's warriors
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dominate a large area
in the Ohio Valley
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territory that Britain
ceded to the US
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after the revolution.
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To secure the frontier
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the US government
assigns a seasoned soldier
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to confront Tecumseh..
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...one of the few men who has
defeated him in the past
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his long-time adversary
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William Henry Harrison.
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[Amy]
The leadership
of the United States
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believed that Tecumseh's
alliance with Britain
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could be a factor,
a major factor
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in the US
possibly losing the war.
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I don't know
if William Henry Harrison
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had a personal vendetta
against Native Americans
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but his military career
is defined by that.
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He was well known as ruthless.
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And when it comes
to the War of 1812
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he has this inherent vitriol.
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He wanted Tecumseh dead.
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[male narrator]
As Harrison prepares
to march north
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the fight for the frontier
escalates in the south..
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...as Britain encourages
a breakaway group
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of Creek Indians
known as the Red Sticks
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to attack settlements
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inciting fear
throughout the south.
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[screaming]
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[gunshot]
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They destroy
an American outpost
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killing 500 men,
women and children..
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...in what becomes known
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as the Fort Mims Massacre.
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[Brands]
They decided to raise
the banner of war
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against the whites
to resist white encroachment.
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And if they would have
taken the position
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that this was, uh, simply
a defense of their homeland.
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But to American settlers,
it represented a grave threat
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to the security
of the American frontier.
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[dramatic music]
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[male narrator] With the army fighting Tecumseh on the northern front
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President Madison
calls on the militia
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closest
to the Mississippi Territory
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to defend the south.
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In Tennessee..
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...one commander has been
waiting for the chance
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to join the fight.
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His name..
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...is Andrew Jackson.
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This was a person
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who started life
very much at the bottom
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very much on his own
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and was determined
to make something of himself.
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And so, one way
for an ambitious young person
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to rise would be to go to war
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and to win glory in war.
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[male narrator]
Jackson's the perfect man
for the job.
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He's spent a lifetime
building a reputation
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as a man who gets results.
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Ten years earlier..
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...he was a tough
backcountry judge
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known for taking the law
into his own hands.
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[Brands]
There was one instance where
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there was a particularly
vicious bully
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who was wanted for murder
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and no one wanted to arrest him.
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So he decides
to take it on himself.
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[dramatic music]
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[Amy]
Andrew Jackson
was a loose cannon.
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He would take bullwhips
to people.
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He pursued duels
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long after
duels were out of fashion.
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He would come to blows
with people.
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There are countless examples
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of when he just took matters
into his own hands.
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One of the most famous stories
of Jackson
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is how he gets into a bar fight
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gets shot in the arm, uh
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and just right before the doctor
is about to amputate
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he grabs the doctor and says
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"You cut off my arm,
I'm gonna kill you."
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There was nothing
that was gonna keep him down
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including an infection
from a bullet in his arm.
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[dramatic music]
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[male narrator]
Now, Jackson has the greatest
opportunity of his life.
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He leads more than 2500
volunteer militiamen south
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to destroy
the Red Stick faction.
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But first, he has to find them.
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As Jackson searches
for the Red Stick warriors
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in the north,
William Henry Harrison
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and his 3000 troops
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are just a day's march from Tecumseh's camp near Lake Erie.
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The Shawnee war chief
is planning his own revenge.
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Two years earlier
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Harrison destroyed
Tecumseh's capital
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Prophetstown.
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Now, Tecumseh meets
with his British allies
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to plan a carefully coordinated ambush.
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[speaking in foreign language]
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He says,
"If your men can hold the line
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our men
can take care of the rest."
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[dramatic music]
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[male narrator]
The British will attack
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Harrison's army as they march
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and push them towards the woods
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where Tecumseh and his warriors
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will be waiting to crush them
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as they retreat.
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[Donald]
Tecumseh knows that Harrison
is leading this force.
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It's gonna be a gun fight.
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And one of them
is not gonna survive that day.
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[male narrator]
On October 5, 1813
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Tecumseh and his men
take their positions
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for a battle that could help
decide the outcome of the war
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and the future
of the United States itself.
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[instrumental music]
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On the banks
of the Thames River
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Tecumseh and 500 warriors
from half a dozen tribes
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wait to attack US forces.
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[dramatic music]
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Tecumseh's British allies
plan to strike
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William Henry Harrison's
troops head on
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forcing them
to retreat into the woods
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where native warriors
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will ambush them from behind.
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[speaking in foreign language]
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[indistinct yelling]
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[gunshots in distance]
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[male narrator]
Suddenly, the British
enter the woods..
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...but they're not attacking.
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[gunshot]
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They're retreating.
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[men screaming]
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The British last
less than five minutes.
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And the Native American forces
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were outnumbered three to one.
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Tecumseh realizes
that he has to make a stand
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because if he retreats
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they might not be able
to build another army.
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00:13:01,781 --> 00:13:03,261
[shouts in foreign language]
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[gun firing]
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00:13:04,653 --> 00:13:05,573
[men screaming]
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[male narrator]
William Henry Harrison has
his bitter rival pinned down
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caught between
the Thames River
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and the American troops.
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[dramatic music]
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[grunting]
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00:13:39,209 --> 00:13:40,169
[gunshot]
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00:13:40,210 --> 00:13:41,430
[grunts]
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[intense music]
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[Amy]
Tecumseh's forces held
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00:13:57,924 --> 00:14:00,454
and they held as long as they possibly could.
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00:14:00,491 --> 00:14:03,971
But without the British,
it was a slaughter.
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00:14:04,017 --> 00:14:06,667
[men yelling]
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00:14:06,715 --> 00:14:08,535
[gunshot]
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00:14:24,298 --> 00:14:27,428
[male narrator]
When Tecumseh is killed
by Harrison's forces..
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00:14:32,306 --> 00:14:35,956
...his Native American
confederacy dies with him.
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00:14:39,879 --> 00:14:40,969
[shallow breathing]
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00:14:43,839 --> 00:14:46,669
I can only imagine what Tecumseh
must have been feeling
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00:14:46,711 --> 00:14:49,411
when he realized he'd been
abandoned by the Brits.
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00:14:51,064 --> 00:14:52,544
How it must have felt
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00:14:52,587 --> 00:14:55,457
to put your trust in white man
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and then
have that trust betrayed
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00:14:57,374 --> 00:14:59,464
and it cause your downfall.
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00:15:02,205 --> 00:15:05,855
The death of Tecumseh
was an incalculable loss
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00:15:05,905 --> 00:15:09,425
for Native America.
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00:15:09,473 --> 00:15:11,483
In the wake of, of losing him
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00:15:11,519 --> 00:15:13,779
and losing the forces
who fought with him
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00:15:13,825 --> 00:15:17,825
the pan-tribal confederacy
failed.
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00:15:22,182 --> 00:15:25,752
[Donald]
Shawnee people are never
as powerful and influential
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00:15:25,794 --> 00:15:27,404
as they were under Tecumseh
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00:15:27,448 --> 00:15:29,318
and so, it's a situation
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00:15:29,363 --> 00:15:32,453
of having to come
to the negotiating table
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00:15:32,496 --> 00:15:35,536
of having to sign treaties with
the United States Government.
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00:15:35,586 --> 00:15:37,146
And they do.
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00:15:52,168 --> 00:15:53,998
[male narrator]
After years of fighting
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00:15:54,040 --> 00:15:57,740
the Shawnee
are finally defeated
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00:15:57,782 --> 00:16:00,662
and Tecumseh's dream of regaining a native homeland
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00:16:00,698 --> 00:16:03,528
in the Ohio Valley is lost.
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00:16:07,140 --> 00:16:09,060
For the United States
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00:16:09,098 --> 00:16:11,008
victory
at the Battle of the Thames
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00:16:11,057 --> 00:16:14,227
is a turning point in the war.
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00:16:14,277 --> 00:16:16,887
They regain control
in the north.
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00:16:18,629 --> 00:16:21,149
But 600 miles to the south
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00:16:21,197 --> 00:16:24,547
the frontier is still in chaos.
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00:16:35,168 --> 00:16:37,258
Andrew Jackson's
leading a campaign
245
00:16:37,300 --> 00:16:38,910
to find the Red Stick warriors
246
00:16:38,954 --> 00:16:41,614
responsible
for the Fort Mims Massacre.
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00:16:43,611 --> 00:16:46,351
His militia searches
the wilderness for weeks..
248
00:16:50,661 --> 00:16:52,051
...and finds nothing.
249
00:16:56,058 --> 00:16:59,058
[Inskeep]
One of the wonders
of this period for Americans
250
00:16:59,105 --> 00:17:00,975
is to realize
how very different
251
00:17:01,020 --> 00:17:04,110
the American landscape
was then.
252
00:17:04,153 --> 00:17:05,943
There were relatively few people
253
00:17:05,981 --> 00:17:08,981
it was mostly wilderness.
254
00:17:09,028 --> 00:17:13,508
And into this wilderness came an army of several thousand men
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00:17:13,554 --> 00:17:15,564
that was very poorly supplied.
256
00:17:15,599 --> 00:17:17,859
They were having
to live off the land.
257
00:17:17,906 --> 00:17:20,646
In the end, what they did
was nearly starve.
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00:17:25,609 --> 00:17:28,179
[male narrator]
By October, 1813
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00:17:28,221 --> 00:17:29,791
Jackson's running out of time.
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00:17:31,833 --> 00:17:34,143
If he can't find
the Creek Tribe
261
00:17:34,183 --> 00:17:38,583
he risks losing his volunteers to desertion.
262
00:17:51,070 --> 00:17:53,720
But a new recruit
has just joined his militia.
263
00:17:58,686 --> 00:18:01,076
His name is Davy Crockett.
264
00:18:03,430 --> 00:18:06,300
[dramatic music]
265
00:18:09,697 --> 00:18:13,437
[Buddy]
Crockett became famous
as a hunter on the frontier
266
00:18:13,483 --> 00:18:15,363
over the course
of a long period of time
267
00:18:15,398 --> 00:18:18,658
of learning
how to exist in the woods.
268
00:18:18,706 --> 00:18:21,226
He claimed to have shot,
in a seven-month period
269
00:18:21,274 --> 00:18:23,714
a hundred and five black bears.
270
00:18:23,754 --> 00:18:24,844
[gunshot]
271
00:18:26,540 --> 00:18:28,720
When Crockett
joined the militia
272
00:18:28,759 --> 00:18:33,329
he was perfect
to chase rogue Creeks
273
00:18:33,373 --> 00:18:37,073
then got to observe how
they moved through landscape.
274
00:18:37,116 --> 00:18:41,466
It was something
that he, in fact, emulated.
275
00:18:41,511 --> 00:18:44,341
[male narrator]
With just six months
of formal schooling
276
00:18:44,384 --> 00:18:46,864
young Crockett's real education
277
00:18:46,908 --> 00:18:48,868
comes from the frontier itself.
278
00:19:00,051 --> 00:19:02,661
[Buddy]
Crockett came
from a tradition of woodsmen
279
00:19:02,706 --> 00:19:05,796
and he would've learned
from his father and his uncles
280
00:19:05,840 --> 00:19:08,100
how to hunt.
281
00:19:08,147 --> 00:19:09,577
He learned how to track
282
00:19:09,626 --> 00:19:12,666
he learned how to identify sign
283
00:19:12,716 --> 00:19:14,936
scat, broken twigs.
284
00:19:22,117 --> 00:19:23,247
[gunshot]
285
00:19:27,992 --> 00:19:30,952
[male narrator]
Now, Crockett uses
his frontier skills
286
00:19:30,995 --> 00:19:33,995
to track the Creek Tribe
for General Jackson.
287
00:19:34,042 --> 00:19:36,612
[dramatic music]
288
00:19:36,653 --> 00:19:40,223
[Rinella]
It's just a harrowing
undertaking to do this.
289
00:19:40,266 --> 00:19:43,876
He wasn't carrying modern-day, cutting-edge technology.
290
00:19:43,921 --> 00:19:47,751
So you needed to be an expert tracker and woodsman.
291
00:19:47,795 --> 00:19:50,535
You look
at all the sign around you
292
00:19:50,580 --> 00:19:52,320
and the tracks
and the markings and the trees.
293
00:19:52,365 --> 00:19:54,365
You look at everything
294
00:19:54,410 --> 00:19:57,590
as being something
that is gonna affect
295
00:19:57,631 --> 00:20:00,631
my next decision
where the Indians might be.
296
00:20:00,677 --> 00:20:03,507
[dramatic music]
297
00:20:31,142 --> 00:20:35,192
[male narrator]
In just two weeks,
Crockett finds their village
298
00:20:35,234 --> 00:20:38,154
and the Americans
prepare for revenge.
299
00:20:48,595 --> 00:20:52,375
[male narrator]
In late 1813,
on the northern frontier
300
00:20:52,425 --> 00:20:54,985
victories by the US
diminish the threat
301
00:20:55,036 --> 00:20:58,386
posed by Britain's
Native American allies.
302
00:20:58,431 --> 00:21:00,081
But to the south
303
00:21:00,128 --> 00:21:03,038
native raids
are destroying settlements
304
00:21:03,087 --> 00:21:06,307
spreading panic throughout what is now Alabama.
305
00:21:10,138 --> 00:21:13,008
[crows crowing]
306
00:21:17,145 --> 00:21:19,225
General Andrew Jackson
has been ordered
307
00:21:19,278 --> 00:21:21,888
to eliminate
the Creek Indians responsible
308
00:21:21,932 --> 00:21:25,282
for killing over 500 settlers
at Fort Mims.
309
00:21:30,898 --> 00:21:34,338
After weeks of searching, Davy Crockett has found them..
310
00:21:36,164 --> 00:21:38,124
...giving Jackson
all the information
311
00:21:38,166 --> 00:21:40,296
he needs to attack.
312
00:21:40,342 --> 00:21:43,392
[Jackson]
'Split the men
into two columns.'
313
00:21:43,432 --> 00:21:46,132
We'll arrive here
before the sun rises.
314
00:21:46,174 --> 00:21:48,874
'We'll cross the river
at the low point here and here.'
315
00:21:51,092 --> 00:21:52,092
[Coffee]
'Yes, sir.'
316
00:21:53,660 --> 00:21:56,270
Not a single one of them
makes it out.
317
00:22:00,884 --> 00:22:02,364
Prepare the men.
318
00:22:06,107 --> 00:22:07,537
[Coffee]
'Scouts!'
319
00:22:11,852 --> 00:22:14,072
[Brands]
Jackson took the position
320
00:22:14,115 --> 00:22:17,025
that the Indians had started
this round of war
321
00:22:17,074 --> 00:22:18,954
by massacring whites.
322
00:22:18,989 --> 00:22:21,509
And he also believed the lesson to be taught to them was
323
00:22:21,557 --> 00:22:23,517
you don't massacre whites
324
00:22:23,559 --> 00:22:26,209
without expecting
a comparable reprisal.
325
00:22:28,956 --> 00:22:31,386
You kill or you be killed.
326
00:22:31,437 --> 00:22:34,397
That was the world he lived in
and that was the life he chose.
327
00:22:52,980 --> 00:22:55,500
[male narrator]
In the early morning hours
328
00:22:55,548 --> 00:22:57,898
nine hundred Tennessee militia
329
00:22:57,941 --> 00:23:01,471
including Davy Crockett,
surround the village.
330
00:23:14,654 --> 00:23:17,484
[dramatic music]
331
00:23:38,460 --> 00:23:41,290
[music continues]
332
00:23:45,772 --> 00:23:48,082
[gunshots]
333
00:23:48,122 --> 00:23:50,692
[screaming]
334
00:23:50,733 --> 00:23:53,613
[indistinct yelling]
335
00:23:54,694 --> 00:23:56,704
[grunting]
336
00:23:57,784 --> 00:23:58,874
[screaming]
337
00:24:03,354 --> 00:24:05,274
[grunting]
338
00:24:05,313 --> 00:24:07,233
[screaming]
339
00:24:07,271 --> 00:24:08,881
[grunting]
340
00:24:10,971 --> 00:24:12,021
[breathing heavily]
341
00:24:16,890 --> 00:24:18,240
[breathing heavily]
342
00:24:20,633 --> 00:24:22,243
[screaming]
343
00:24:37,345 --> 00:24:39,775
[dramatic music]
344
00:24:39,826 --> 00:24:42,696
[screaming]
345
00:24:44,395 --> 00:24:45,955
[groaning]
346
00:24:46,006 --> 00:24:47,436
[gunshot]
347
00:24:57,452 --> 00:25:01,942
[male narrator] In only minutes, 186 Creek warriors are killed.
348
00:25:04,154 --> 00:25:07,204
And women and children are
burned alive in their homes..
349
00:25:10,160 --> 00:25:14,030
...in what comes to be known as the Battle of Tallushatchee.
350
00:25:18,473 --> 00:25:21,393
[dramatic music]
351
00:25:28,396 --> 00:25:30,436
Jackson allowed his men
352
00:25:30,485 --> 00:25:33,225
to engage
in the most bloody reprisal
353
00:25:33,270 --> 00:25:35,060
to teach the Indians a lesson
354
00:25:35,098 --> 00:25:37,408
so they wouldn't do this again.
355
00:25:37,448 --> 00:25:39,228
And it was
as a consequence of this
356
00:25:39,276 --> 00:25:42,236
that people
came to recognize his ability
357
00:25:42,279 --> 00:25:44,929
to defend the country
against its enemies.
358
00:25:53,203 --> 00:25:56,123
[instrumental music]
359
00:25:59,514 --> 00:26:00,434
[screaming]
360
00:26:06,347 --> 00:26:09,347
Tallushatchee is called
the Battle of Tallushatchee
361
00:26:09,393 --> 00:26:12,483
but it was really more like
the Massacre of Tallushatchee.
362
00:26:18,968 --> 00:26:22,018
They burned 46 people to death.
363
00:26:25,975 --> 00:26:27,535
[Buddy]
It was bedlam.
364
00:26:30,066 --> 00:26:32,976
[instrumental music]
365
00:26:41,251 --> 00:26:44,521
As Crockett phrased it later,
"We shot them like dogs."
366
00:26:48,302 --> 00:26:51,702
[Eisenbach]
The ruthlessness of Jackson's
war against the Creeks
367
00:26:51,740 --> 00:26:54,830
was something that really shook,
uh, Davy Crockett
368
00:26:54,874 --> 00:26:57,624
and reshaped the way
he's looking, uh
369
00:26:57,659 --> 00:27:01,449
at America's treatment
of the Native Americans.
370
00:27:01,489 --> 00:27:04,359
He kind of realizes that th-there's a senselessness
371
00:27:04,405 --> 00:27:08,015
to this slaughter and it really
changes him, uh, as a person.
372
00:27:13,588 --> 00:27:16,418
[instrumental music]
373
00:27:26,383 --> 00:27:28,213
[male narrator]
After the battle
374
00:27:28,255 --> 00:27:30,735
Crockett is sickened
by the massacre..
375
00:27:33,521 --> 00:27:36,051
...and chooses to leave
the volunteer militia.
376
00:27:53,715 --> 00:27:55,885
[horse neighing]
377
00:28:05,814 --> 00:28:06,904
[Jackson]
'Morning.'
378
00:28:13,387 --> 00:28:15,517
'Where are you men off to
this morning?'
379
00:28:19,001 --> 00:28:20,741
[Crockett]
'We're goin' home.'
380
00:28:20,786 --> 00:28:21,826
No.
381
00:28:23,832 --> 00:28:26,312
You're going to turn around
and go back to your tents.
382
00:28:33,494 --> 00:28:35,764
We're volunteer militia.
383
00:28:38,847 --> 00:28:40,107
I will not ask again.
384
00:28:43,591 --> 00:28:45,291
You're gonna shoot your own men?
385
00:28:46,812 --> 00:28:48,122
Do not test me.
386
00:28:54,907 --> 00:28:56,387
Fire on my command.
387
00:29:20,019 --> 00:29:23,109
[male narrator] After the massacre of over 200 Native American men
388
00:29:23,152 --> 00:29:24,942
women and children
389
00:29:24,980 --> 00:29:27,940
Davy Crockett chooses to leave the Tennessee militia..
390
00:29:29,419 --> 00:29:32,509
Return to your camp!
391
00:29:32,553 --> 00:29:37,083
...but is caught by his commander, Andrew Jackson.
392
00:29:37,123 --> 00:29:40,873
[Brands]
Jackson tried
to hold the army together.
393
00:29:40,909 --> 00:29:43,959
And maintaining and establishing
394
00:29:43,999 --> 00:29:45,699
military discipline was hard.
395
00:29:45,740 --> 00:29:47,740
Jackson would not brook
396
00:29:47,786 --> 00:29:50,306
this walking away
by the troops.
397
00:29:50,353 --> 00:29:53,143
This is the last time
I will give you the option.
398
00:29:53,182 --> 00:29:54,752
[guns cocking]
399
00:29:56,272 --> 00:29:59,152
[dramatic music]
400
00:30:17,206 --> 00:30:18,766
I will not ask again.
401
00:30:20,514 --> 00:30:22,394
[dramatic music]
402
00:30:32,308 --> 00:30:34,048
[male narrator]
Crockett stands down..
403
00:30:42,231 --> 00:30:45,761
...and grudgingly
stays in camp.
404
00:30:45,800 --> 00:30:49,460
[Buddy]
Crockett had mixed emotions
about what he was doing.
405
00:30:49,499 --> 00:30:52,069
Obviously,
he was serving his country
406
00:30:52,111 --> 00:30:55,811
and, I think, looked at it
really more as a job.
407
00:30:55,854 --> 00:30:57,734
It was something
that he had to do.
408
00:30:57,768 --> 00:31:01,598
The whole idea
of killing Indian families
409
00:31:01,642 --> 00:31:04,172
whole Indian families..
410
00:31:04,210 --> 00:31:05,950
...didn't sit well with him.
411
00:31:26,014 --> 00:31:27,234
Colonel.
412
00:31:29,713 --> 00:31:30,803
[Crockett sighs]
413
00:31:32,412 --> 00:31:33,892
You asked to see me, sir?
414
00:31:37,199 --> 00:31:40,029
You're a disgrace..
415
00:31:40,072 --> 00:31:43,082
...to yourself, to your family
416
00:31:43,118 --> 00:31:44,728
and to your country.
417
00:31:50,038 --> 00:31:52,128
What I did for you
at that village..
418
00:31:54,086 --> 00:31:56,176
...I will never do that again.
419
00:32:04,966 --> 00:32:06,656
You're a coward.
420
00:32:10,798 --> 00:32:13,148
[dramatic music]
421
00:32:15,237 --> 00:32:18,407
When you look at this divide
between Crockett and Jackson
422
00:32:18,458 --> 00:32:20,288
you can kind of see, uh,
the divide
423
00:32:20,329 --> 00:32:23,639
that gets to the heart
of the American frontier.
424
00:32:23,680 --> 00:32:25,600
On one hand, most Americans
425
00:32:25,639 --> 00:32:27,989
looked at the treatment
of the Native Americans
426
00:32:28,033 --> 00:32:31,253
as just another step in
the forward path of progress.
427
00:32:31,297 --> 00:32:33,997
Davy Crockett
sees the inherent injustice
428
00:32:34,039 --> 00:32:36,999
of the ruthless massacring
429
00:32:37,042 --> 00:32:38,872
o-of the Creek Indians.
430
00:32:44,092 --> 00:32:45,962
[male narrator]
When his service is over
431
00:32:46,007 --> 00:32:48,397
Crockett heads home
to Tennessee.
432
00:32:51,056 --> 00:32:54,056
Jackson and Crockett certainly
started in similar fashions.
433
00:32:54,102 --> 00:32:55,412
Both were born in log cabins
434
00:32:55,451 --> 00:32:57,191
both came
from humble beginnings.
435
00:32:58,889 --> 00:33:01,589
But w-what Crockett saw
in the Creek War
436
00:33:01,631 --> 00:33:03,501
with Jackson's treatment
of Indians
437
00:33:03,546 --> 00:33:05,156
it started a rift
438
00:33:05,200 --> 00:33:08,600
that would really open up later
in Crockett's life.
439
00:33:17,517 --> 00:33:21,517
[male narrator]
Jackson doesn't stop
at avenging Fort Mims.
440
00:33:21,564 --> 00:33:24,394
He launches a series of brutal attacks on the Red Sticks..
441
00:33:24,437 --> 00:33:26,787
[dramatic music]
442
00:33:28,093 --> 00:33:29,623
...killing hundreds
443
00:33:29,659 --> 00:33:32,009
and sending a powerful message.
444
00:33:33,185 --> 00:33:35,095
They were targets
445
00:33:35,143 --> 00:33:37,453
of a scorched-earth campaign.
446
00:33:39,234 --> 00:33:41,194
There was no law of war
447
00:33:41,236 --> 00:33:42,886
that was really respected.
448
00:33:50,724 --> 00:33:52,944
[male narrator]
By early 1814
449
00:33:52,987 --> 00:33:55,817
Jackson has crushed
the Red Stick faction..
450
00:33:58,819 --> 00:34:00,779
...and he forces
the rest of the Creek Nation
451
00:34:00,821 --> 00:34:03,781
to negotiate a treaty
452
00:34:03,824 --> 00:34:05,434
even though
they had nothing to do
453
00:34:05,478 --> 00:34:06,958
with the conflict.
454
00:34:26,890 --> 00:34:28,810
[Inskeep]
Jackson said to them
455
00:34:28,849 --> 00:34:33,249
they must surrender millions
of acres of their own land
456
00:34:33,288 --> 00:34:36,118
to the United States Government
457
00:34:36,161 --> 00:34:38,511
as a kind of compensation
for the war.
458
00:34:38,554 --> 00:34:41,564
Jackson actually described it
as a national security measure.
459
00:34:41,601 --> 00:34:43,911
He said that
by taking over this land
460
00:34:43,951 --> 00:34:46,951
the United States would isolate
the remaining rebels.
461
00:34:46,997 --> 00:34:49,087
But the reality was
462
00:34:49,130 --> 00:34:52,870
that he was taking millions
of acres of real estate.
463
00:34:52,916 --> 00:34:56,006
[dramatic music]
464
00:34:56,050 --> 00:34:59,970
[male narrator]
Jackson seizes major parts
of Alabama and Georgia
465
00:35:00,010 --> 00:35:03,010
nearly 22 million acres
of land.
466
00:35:08,802 --> 00:35:10,722
The United States
has now quelled
467
00:35:10,760 --> 00:35:14,330
the Native American threat
on the frontier.
468
00:35:14,373 --> 00:35:18,643
But as they begin to turn
the tide of the War of 1812
469
00:35:18,681 --> 00:35:21,251
the British devise a new plan.
470
00:35:22,816 --> 00:35:25,596
After forcing Napoleon
into exile
471
00:35:25,645 --> 00:35:29,035
they commit additional troops
to America
472
00:35:29,083 --> 00:35:32,133
invading the East Coast
in Baltimore.
473
00:35:32,173 --> 00:35:33,523
[cannons firing]
474
00:35:39,833 --> 00:35:41,663
[Petraeus]
During the War of 1812
475
00:35:41,704 --> 00:35:44,794
the British almost brought the United States to its knees.
476
00:35:44,838 --> 00:35:48,228
Ultimately,
the British sack Washington
477
00:35:48,276 --> 00:35:50,056
and, and burn the White House.
478
00:35:50,104 --> 00:35:52,984
[dramatic music]
479
00:36:03,248 --> 00:36:05,078
[male narrator]
After capturing
America's capital..
480
00:36:08,122 --> 00:36:10,212
...Britain turns
to the most important port
481
00:36:10,255 --> 00:36:11,205
on the frontier..
482
00:36:12,909 --> 00:36:14,129
...New Orleans.
483
00:36:17,262 --> 00:36:20,402
The city controls access
to the Mississippi River
484
00:36:20,439 --> 00:36:21,789
providing a highway
485
00:36:21,831 --> 00:36:24,401
to British forts in Canada.
486
00:36:24,443 --> 00:36:26,843
The British had a huge advantage
over the United States
487
00:36:26,880 --> 00:36:28,270
in the War of 1812
because the British
488
00:36:28,316 --> 00:36:30,226
had the most powerful navy
in the world.
489
00:36:30,275 --> 00:36:32,705
It meant that the British
could move their troops
490
00:36:32,755 --> 00:36:34,235
from here, there
along the coast
491
00:36:34,279 --> 00:36:36,189
and always beat the Americans
492
00:36:36,237 --> 00:36:37,667
to wherever they wanted to get.
493
00:36:37,717 --> 00:36:40,237
If they captured New Orleans
494
00:36:40,285 --> 00:36:42,285
they could
go up the Mississippi
495
00:36:42,330 --> 00:36:45,120
and connect with British forces coming down from Canada.
496
00:36:50,120 --> 00:36:52,380
[dramatic music]
497
00:36:55,343 --> 00:36:57,743
[male narrator]
Knowing Britain will attack
New Orleans..
498
00:37:00,000 --> 00:37:02,920
...the US turns
to its new war hero
499
00:37:02,959 --> 00:37:04,439
Andrew Jackson.
500
00:37:08,574 --> 00:37:11,014
[Inskeep]
Here emerged from Tennessee
501
00:37:11,054 --> 00:37:13,414
this general
who organized an army
502
00:37:13,448 --> 00:37:16,538
managed to keep it together
by force of will
503
00:37:16,582 --> 00:37:18,632
and crushed the Creek Nation.
504
00:37:22,370 --> 00:37:25,030
[male narrator]
Jackson's determined to win.
505
00:37:25,068 --> 00:37:28,118
He has a powerful and personal hatred of Britain
506
00:37:28,158 --> 00:37:30,378
dating back to his childhood.
507
00:37:40,475 --> 00:37:44,035
In the fall of 1781
508
00:37:44,087 --> 00:37:46,527
Jackson was held
as a prisoner of war
509
00:37:46,568 --> 00:37:47,868
during the revolution.
510
00:37:49,702 --> 00:37:50,792
[male #1]
'On your feet.'
511
00:38:11,332 --> 00:38:12,382
[grunts]
512
00:38:14,640 --> 00:38:17,080
[dramatic music]
513
00:38:17,120 --> 00:38:18,860
[Brands]
As a, a young teenager
514
00:38:18,905 --> 00:38:21,775
Andrew Jackson
rode as a courier
515
00:38:21,821 --> 00:38:25,691
for the American forces
against the British
516
00:38:25,738 --> 00:38:27,518
who eventually captured him
517
00:38:27,566 --> 00:38:29,216
and put him
in a prisoner-of-war camp.
518
00:38:31,570 --> 00:38:34,050
[male narrator]
He lost two brothers
during the war.
519
00:38:36,836 --> 00:38:39,396
His mother also perished
in the conflict.
520
00:38:41,580 --> 00:38:43,500
Jackson suspected the British
521
00:38:43,538 --> 00:38:46,058
of all evil things.
He detested the British.
522
00:38:46,106 --> 00:38:48,016
If you wanted to get a rise
out of Andrew Jackson
523
00:38:48,064 --> 00:38:50,594
all you had to do was mention
Britain or the British.
524
00:38:55,420 --> 00:38:58,250
[dramatic music]
525
00:39:09,956 --> 00:39:12,646
[male narrator]
Now, he has a shot at revenge
526
00:39:12,698 --> 00:39:14,398
if Jackson can lead his men
527
00:39:14,439 --> 00:39:17,699
through Louisiana's
deadly swamp lands
528
00:39:17,746 --> 00:39:21,006
and get to New Orleans
before the enemy.
529
00:39:30,106 --> 00:39:32,976
[dramatic music]
530
00:39:36,678 --> 00:39:39,858
[male narrator]
Deep in the southern frontier
531
00:39:39,899 --> 00:39:43,989
Andrew Jackson is marching
to the port of New Orleans
532
00:39:44,033 --> 00:39:46,863
to defend it against
a coming British attack.
533
00:39:50,431 --> 00:39:52,481
But while the British
have the advantage
534
00:39:52,520 --> 00:39:55,350
of traveling by sea..
535
00:39:55,393 --> 00:39:58,003
...Jackson must get there
by land.
536
00:39:59,701 --> 00:40:02,271
And he faces
a massive obstacle..
537
00:40:05,490 --> 00:40:07,450
...the Louisiana swamps.
538
00:40:08,884 --> 00:40:10,504
The Atchafalaya Basin
539
00:40:10,538 --> 00:40:13,188
is the biggest swamp
in the country
540
00:40:13,236 --> 00:40:15,886
covering nearly
1000 square miles.
541
00:40:17,806 --> 00:40:19,496
And Jackson has to cross it
542
00:40:19,547 --> 00:40:23,507
with 1500 men,
artillery and supplies.
543
00:40:28,469 --> 00:40:31,299
[dramatic music]
544
00:40:42,918 --> 00:40:45,698
This was an era
before good roads.
545
00:40:45,747 --> 00:40:48,047
In fact, in that region
of the country
546
00:40:48,097 --> 00:40:49,877
there were hardly any roads.
547
00:40:53,538 --> 00:40:56,278
To get several thousand troops to New Orleans
548
00:40:56,323 --> 00:40:58,373
with all their equipment
549
00:40:58,412 --> 00:41:01,332
was an extreme difficulty.
550
00:41:01,371 --> 00:41:02,901
Get that end,
get that end.
551
00:41:02,938 --> 00:41:04,198
[Mykel] When you're talking about going
552
00:41:04,244 --> 00:41:05,164
through those swamps,
you're talkin'
553
00:41:05,201 --> 00:41:06,161
about water that gets
554
00:41:06,202 --> 00:41:07,732
neck deep at times
555
00:41:07,769 --> 00:41:09,379
gators everywhere
556
00:41:09,423 --> 00:41:11,563
poisonous snakes everywhere,
very aggressive.
557
00:41:11,599 --> 00:41:14,339
Mosquitoes have got to be
just eating them alive.
558
00:41:14,384 --> 00:41:17,524
They got very thick clothing on, they've got to be sweating.
559
00:41:17,562 --> 00:41:19,612
You're talking about
an absolute misery fest.
560
00:41:25,744 --> 00:41:29,014
[male narrator]
Jackson works his men
around the clock..
561
00:41:29,051 --> 00:41:30,621
Park down here.
We gotta go.
562
00:41:30,662 --> 00:41:33,142
...improvising bridges to haul a two-ton cannon
563
00:41:33,186 --> 00:41:34,536
through the bog.
564
00:41:34,579 --> 00:41:36,229
[Jackson]
'Up, up!'
565
00:41:36,276 --> 00:41:38,276
[Jackson grunts]
566
00:41:38,321 --> 00:41:41,371
'Hold, hold, hold, hold!'
567
00:41:41,411 --> 00:41:44,981
'Bring the wood! Let's go,
let's go! You're holding up!'
568
00:41:45,024 --> 00:41:47,424
It doesn't have to look pretty,
just secure.
569
00:41:47,461 --> 00:41:50,511
- 'Let's go!'
- One, two, pull!
570
00:41:50,551 --> 00:41:53,601
I want one man here,
one man here, and one man there!
571
00:41:53,641 --> 00:41:55,341
Work the wood down!
572
00:41:56,905 --> 00:41:59,295
'Keep them straight now!'
573
00:41:59,342 --> 00:42:02,962
[Coffee]
'One, two, pull!'
574
00:42:02,998 --> 00:42:04,698
[male narrator]
Under Jackson's command
575
00:42:04,739 --> 00:42:08,569
they maintain a pace
of 25 miles a day.
576
00:42:08,613 --> 00:42:11,403
[Brands]
It was at this moment
that Jackson's leadership
577
00:42:11,441 --> 00:42:13,571
became really most apparent.
578
00:42:13,618 --> 00:42:16,098
And up! Roll!
579
00:42:16,142 --> 00:42:18,802
Jackson's soldiers, whatever they thought about the British
580
00:42:18,840 --> 00:42:20,490
whatever they thought
about the Indians
581
00:42:20,538 --> 00:42:22,278
whatever they thought
about American policy
582
00:42:22,322 --> 00:42:24,982
they would follow Andrew Jackson
to the gates of hell.
583
00:42:27,283 --> 00:42:29,203
[Jackson]
'Push, boys, push!'
584
00:42:29,242 --> 00:42:31,292
Put your backs into it!
585
00:42:32,898 --> 00:42:33,808
[male narrator]
Finally...
586
00:42:33,855 --> 00:42:35,725
Come on, men!
587
00:42:35,770 --> 00:42:38,380
...after two weeks
of grueling work..
588
00:42:40,514 --> 00:42:42,824
...Jackson arrives
in New Orleans..
589
00:42:44,562 --> 00:42:47,572
...knowing the British
could land any minute.
590
00:42:47,608 --> 00:42:48,828
[grunting]
591
00:42:54,746 --> 00:42:57,576
[instrumental music]
592
00:43:03,189 --> 00:43:06,629
New Orleans was hugely
important, uh, at that time
593
00:43:06,671 --> 00:43:08,721
and still is, uh,
for that matter.
594
00:43:08,760 --> 00:43:12,240
In-in many respects,
it's the, the gateway
595
00:43:12,285 --> 00:43:15,325
to the inland waterways
that were so critical
596
00:43:15,375 --> 00:43:18,025
to that part
of the United States.
597
00:43:18,073 --> 00:43:21,343
So retaining that port,
this great trading port
598
00:43:21,381 --> 00:43:24,301
which has access
to all of these waterways
599
00:43:24,340 --> 00:43:26,260
uh, was absolutely vital.
600
00:43:29,911 --> 00:43:32,741
[male narrator]
Jackson races
to build fortifications
601
00:43:32,784 --> 00:43:35,444
at key entry points
around the city
602
00:43:35,482 --> 00:43:38,832
to force the British to attack him where he's strongest.
603
00:43:41,140 --> 00:43:45,060
But to do it, he needs
all the manpower he can get.
604
00:43:46,798 --> 00:43:48,668
[Inskeep] He didn't have much of an army
605
00:43:48,713 --> 00:43:51,983
but he assembled one from
the forces that were available
606
00:43:52,020 --> 00:43:54,590
ranging
from Kentucky Frontiersmen
607
00:43:54,632 --> 00:43:57,332
to some of his own
Tennessee loyalists
608
00:43:57,373 --> 00:43:59,253
to New Orleans militia
609
00:43:59,288 --> 00:44:01,548
to an African-American
militia unit
610
00:44:01,595 --> 00:44:04,245
to river pirates
who were engaged
611
00:44:04,293 --> 00:44:06,123
because they had cannon
and could fire them
612
00:44:06,165 --> 00:44:08,115
and even local Indians
613
00:44:08,167 --> 00:44:10,997
all became part
of Jackson's military force.
614
00:44:11,039 --> 00:44:13,429
And he welded them together
in an effective way.
615
00:44:17,350 --> 00:44:21,570
[male narrator]
In all, Jackson has
about 4500 men.
616
00:44:26,272 --> 00:44:28,322
When the British finally appear
617
00:44:28,361 --> 00:44:33,371
they have 60 warships
and 15,000 men.
618
00:44:33,409 --> 00:44:37,409
The Americans are outnumbered
by more than three to one.
619
00:44:51,253 --> 00:44:53,693
Who's willing to suffer more
for victory, men?
620
00:44:56,781 --> 00:44:59,311
[male narrator]
General Jackson has 4500 men
621
00:44:59,348 --> 00:45:01,868
arrayed against
a British force
622
00:45:01,916 --> 00:45:04,696
outnumbering him
by more than three to one.
623
00:45:06,399 --> 00:45:10,529
His mission, hold New Orleans at all costs.
624
00:45:14,320 --> 00:45:16,410
[Francois]
All trade
west of the Appalachians
625
00:45:16,452 --> 00:45:19,462
flowed down the Ohio River
and into the Mississippi and out
626
00:45:19,499 --> 00:45:22,019
through the port
of New Orleans.
627
00:45:22,067 --> 00:45:24,067
It was
the most critical choke point
628
00:45:24,112 --> 00:45:25,512
for the American continent.
629
00:45:25,548 --> 00:45:28,418
[dramatic music]
630
00:45:37,735 --> 00:45:39,515
Prepare to fire!
631
00:45:46,613 --> 00:45:47,613
Hold!
632
00:45:51,879 --> 00:45:54,659
[male narrator]
Jackson plans a way
to give his inferior force
633
00:45:54,708 --> 00:45:57,278
an advantage.
634
00:45:57,319 --> 00:46:00,539
He positions his men with
the Mississippi to the right
635
00:46:00,583 --> 00:46:03,333
and dense swampland
to the left..
636
00:46:05,023 --> 00:46:07,503
...forcing the British
to charge uphill..
637
00:46:09,462 --> 00:46:12,202
...on a narrow strip of land
without cover.
638
00:46:12,247 --> 00:46:13,987
Hold!
639
00:46:20,081 --> 00:46:21,131
Fire!
640
00:46:21,169 --> 00:46:24,689
[guns firing]
641
00:46:26,566 --> 00:46:28,126
Fire!
642
00:46:28,698 --> 00:46:30,878
Reload!
643
00:46:30,918 --> 00:46:33,008
[Inskeep]
From behind cotton bales
644
00:46:33,051 --> 00:46:35,011
and other obstacles..
645
00:46:36,619 --> 00:46:38,879
...Jackson's men,
in relative security
646
00:46:38,926 --> 00:46:41,886
could open fire
on charging British troops.
647
00:46:41,929 --> 00:46:43,189
Fire!
648
00:46:44,497 --> 00:46:45,977
Fire at will, men!
649
00:46:46,020 --> 00:46:47,670
Fire at will!
650
00:46:50,155 --> 00:46:53,895
Had they met the British troops
in an open battlefield
651
00:46:53,941 --> 00:46:55,641
things would've been
completely different.
652
00:46:55,682 --> 00:46:57,862
[gunshots]
653
00:47:01,906 --> 00:47:03,856
But as it turned out,
the British charged
654
00:47:03,908 --> 00:47:06,518
right where Jackson would've wanted them to
655
00:47:06,562 --> 00:47:09,262
and they did it very badly,
and they were slaughtered.
656
00:47:12,351 --> 00:47:14,741
[male narrator]
Over ten days
of ferocious battle..
657
00:47:14,788 --> 00:47:16,958
[indistinct yelling]
658
00:47:17,008 --> 00:47:18,048
Fire!
659
00:47:18,096 --> 00:47:19,576
[cannons firing]
660
00:47:22,491 --> 00:47:25,321
...Jackson and his men
661
00:47:25,364 --> 00:47:28,244
push back
every unrelenting wave
662
00:47:28,280 --> 00:47:29,850
of British assault.
663
00:47:29,890 --> 00:47:32,760
[gunshots]
664
00:47:42,163 --> 00:47:45,433
Finally,
after devastating losses
665
00:47:45,471 --> 00:47:48,211
British forces withdraw.
666
00:47:53,392 --> 00:47:54,482
[Brands] The figures were unbelievable.
667
00:47:54,523 --> 00:47:56,793
Over 2000 British casualties.
668
00:47:56,830 --> 00:47:59,620
Less than a hundred
on the American side.
669
00:47:59,659 --> 00:48:02,579
And it's at that moment
that Andrew Jackson becomes
670
00:48:02,618 --> 00:48:05,448
the great military hero
of the American people.
671
00:48:09,408 --> 00:48:10,978
Andrew Jackson
was often thought of
672
00:48:11,018 --> 00:48:14,278
as the second coming
of George Washington.
673
00:48:14,326 --> 00:48:15,806
George Washington
wins independence
674
00:48:15,849 --> 00:48:17,109
for the United States
675
00:48:17,155 --> 00:48:18,715
Andrew Jackson
defends independence
676
00:48:18,765 --> 00:48:20,245
for the United States.
677
00:48:24,336 --> 00:48:25,766
[male narrator]
The victory at New Orleans
678
00:48:25,815 --> 00:48:28,245
propels Jackson
to national fame..
679
00:48:30,168 --> 00:48:34,258
...and secures his legacy
as an American hero.
680
00:48:41,570 --> 00:48:43,570
But what
American and British forces
681
00:48:43,616 --> 00:48:45,786
at New Orleans don't know
682
00:48:45,835 --> 00:48:47,835
is that before the battle began
683
00:48:47,881 --> 00:48:51,621
the War of 1812
was already over.
684
00:48:53,452 --> 00:48:55,062
Just over three weeks earlier
685
00:48:55,106 --> 00:48:57,976
half a world away, in Belgium
686
00:48:58,022 --> 00:49:00,242
representatives of
the United States and Britain
687
00:49:00,285 --> 00:49:02,285
sign a treaty
688
00:49:02,330 --> 00:49:04,460
ending
almost three years of war
689
00:49:04,506 --> 00:49:07,066
between the two nations.
690
00:49:07,118 --> 00:49:08,988
[Walter] There's already a peace treaty.
691
00:49:09,033 --> 00:49:11,603
It just takes that long for news
692
00:49:11,644 --> 00:49:14,784
to cross the Atlantic
and get to New Orleans.
693
00:49:14,821 --> 00:49:17,911
But it really doesn't matter
to the American nation.
694
00:49:17,955 --> 00:49:21,435
All they know
and all they want to focus on
695
00:49:21,480 --> 00:49:24,920
is that they have beat
the British Empire
696
00:49:24,962 --> 00:49:28,232
and having done that,
nothing is impossible
697
00:49:28,269 --> 00:49:30,229
and we're now
going to look westward
698
00:49:30,271 --> 00:49:32,841
across the American continent
and expand.
699
00:49:35,407 --> 00:49:37,147
[male narrator]
In the Treaty of Ghent
700
00:49:37,191 --> 00:49:39,191
Britain formally recognizes
701
00:49:39,237 --> 00:49:43,147
that the US now controls
all the native lands
702
00:49:43,197 --> 00:49:46,547
that were once part
of the Mississippi Territory.
703
00:49:46,592 --> 00:49:50,772
Alabama and Mississippi
are now open for settlement.
704
00:49:59,257 --> 00:50:01,997
[dramatic music]
705
00:50:02,042 --> 00:50:04,702
After his victory
at the Battle of New Orleans
706
00:50:04,740 --> 00:50:07,090
a grateful government
assigns Andrew Jackson
707
00:50:07,134 --> 00:50:10,184
the job of surveying
this new territory.
708
00:50:12,879 --> 00:50:15,319
[music continues]
709
00:50:15,360 --> 00:50:18,710
And he immediately senses
opportunity
710
00:50:18,754 --> 00:50:22,024
to grow one of America's
most profitable crops..
711
00:50:25,239 --> 00:50:26,549
...cotton.
712
00:50:30,244 --> 00:50:32,424
When Jackson went off
on military expeditions
713
00:50:32,464 --> 00:50:36,164
he had his eye out for land
that could also grow cotton.
714
00:50:36,207 --> 00:50:38,987
And one of the big attractions of the land
715
00:50:39,036 --> 00:50:42,336
in what would become
Alabama, Mississippi
716
00:50:42,387 --> 00:50:44,427
was the fact
that it was very well suited
717
00:50:44,476 --> 00:50:45,736
to growing cotton.
718
00:50:49,698 --> 00:50:51,268
[male narrator]
Over the next two years
719
00:50:51,309 --> 00:50:53,089
Jackson uses his position
720
00:50:53,137 --> 00:50:56,657
to buy vast tracts of land
at low cost
721
00:50:56,705 --> 00:50:58,525
then sell it at a profit
722
00:50:58,577 --> 00:51:00,577
to wealthy plantation owners.
723
00:51:08,761 --> 00:51:11,111
[Jackson]
Gentlemen.
724
00:51:14,201 --> 00:51:15,331
[sighs]
725
00:51:16,464 --> 00:51:19,824
Everything we discussed..
726
00:51:19,859 --> 00:51:21,859
...is in this contract,
if you'd like to look it over.
727
00:51:24,603 --> 00:51:26,743
[Inskeep]
What's happening here
is not just the expansion
728
00:51:26,779 --> 00:51:28,819
of the United States
in a new territory.
729
00:51:28,868 --> 00:51:31,648
It was an opportunity for men
730
00:51:31,697 --> 00:51:34,047
in what is now the Deep South
731
00:51:34,091 --> 00:51:36,351
to carve out
brand-new plantations..
732
00:51:36,397 --> 00:51:38,177
Just sign here.
733
00:51:38,225 --> 00:51:40,915
...plant cotton
and make a fortune.
734
00:51:40,967 --> 00:51:43,537
And it was perfectly timed
for men like Jackson
735
00:51:43,578 --> 00:51:46,578
to make a lot of money.
736
00:51:46,625 --> 00:51:49,275
[male narrator]
The frontiersman
born in poverty
737
00:51:49,323 --> 00:51:51,203
amasses a personal fortune
738
00:51:51,238 --> 00:51:55,018
of four-and-a-half
million dollars.
739
00:51:55,068 --> 00:51:58,418
But his business dealings have a devastating consequence
740
00:51:58,463 --> 00:52:02,383
resurrecting an institution
on the verge of collapse.
741
00:52:03,511 --> 00:52:05,381
[dramatic music]
742
00:52:07,298 --> 00:52:11,818
Slavery serves the larger
interests of the planter class.
743
00:52:11,867 --> 00:52:14,697
What it creates
is tremendous economic profit
744
00:52:14,740 --> 00:52:16,610
for planters, for farmers
745
00:52:16,655 --> 00:52:20,305
and American business interest
in that region.
746
00:52:23,314 --> 00:52:25,934
[Brands]
Jackson did not
consider himself
747
00:52:25,968 --> 00:52:28,188
an evangelist for slavery.
748
00:52:28,232 --> 00:52:30,712
But, in fact,
his actions did give slavery
749
00:52:30,756 --> 00:52:32,316
a new lease on life.
750
00:52:32,366 --> 00:52:34,586
At the beginning of
the 18th century, it was unclear
751
00:52:34,629 --> 00:52:37,199
whether slavery
was going to remain profitable.
752
00:52:37,241 --> 00:52:38,851
And it might not have
753
00:52:38,894 --> 00:52:41,464
had Jackson
and those who fought with him
754
00:52:41,506 --> 00:52:43,806
not opened up
vast new territories
755
00:52:43,856 --> 00:52:45,726
to cotton culture.
756
00:52:45,771 --> 00:52:46,991
To the future of America.
757
00:52:47,033 --> 00:52:49,563
- Hm. To the future.
- Future.
758
00:52:49,601 --> 00:52:51,211
[glasses clinking]
759
00:52:54,910 --> 00:52:58,130
[male narrator]
The land speculation
Jackson ignites
760
00:52:58,175 --> 00:52:59,995
has another consequence.
761
00:53:00,046 --> 00:53:02,656
In just three years,
the price of an acre
762
00:53:02,701 --> 00:53:07,361
skyrockets from $2 to 78.
763
00:53:07,401 --> 00:53:10,451
For Davy Crockett,
this betrays the promise
764
00:53:10,491 --> 00:53:12,321
of the American frontier
765
00:53:12,363 --> 00:53:14,973
one he's determined
to fight for.
766
00:53:26,638 --> 00:53:29,468
[instrumental music]
767
00:53:36,300 --> 00:53:39,430
In the years since his clash
with Andrew Jackson
768
00:53:39,477 --> 00:53:43,047
Davy Crockett's tried to carve out a life for himself
769
00:53:43,089 --> 00:53:44,959
in the backwoods of Tennessee.
770
00:53:48,094 --> 00:53:49,884
But in the last decade
771
00:53:49,922 --> 00:53:52,322
he's watched
his beloved frontier
772
00:53:52,359 --> 00:53:54,189
disappear before his eyes.
773
00:53:56,624 --> 00:53:58,504
Thousands of acres
of wilderness
774
00:53:58,539 --> 00:54:01,059
that frontiersmen
have depended on for years
775
00:54:01,107 --> 00:54:04,497
have now turned
into cotton farms
776
00:54:04,545 --> 00:54:08,585
and the original settlers
are being pushed aside.
777
00:54:08,636 --> 00:54:12,026
[Buddy]
One of Crockett's main issues
was squatter's rights.
778
00:54:12,074 --> 00:54:16,214
He felt that the squatters,
the settlers
779
00:54:16,253 --> 00:54:19,263
ought to be able to purchase
the land they were living on
780
00:54:19,299 --> 00:54:20,779
for reasonable prices.
781
00:54:20,822 --> 00:54:23,262
And this rubbed against
782
00:54:23,303 --> 00:54:26,313
the monied, landed aristocracy
783
00:54:26,350 --> 00:54:28,700
of the southern
plantation farmers.
784
00:54:32,356 --> 00:54:35,266
[male narrator] Determined to protect the way of life he believes in
785
00:54:35,315 --> 00:54:38,795
the frontiersman who grew up
without formal education
786
00:54:38,840 --> 00:54:41,060
decides to run for Congress.
787
00:54:46,370 --> 00:54:48,720
[dramatic music]
788
00:54:51,113 --> 00:54:53,293
[Crockett]
Some man comes along,
waves a piece of paper at you
789
00:54:53,333 --> 00:54:56,993
tells you, "You can't track
here anymore." I.. Hell, no.
790
00:54:57,032 --> 00:55:01,122
These land speculators
and plantation owners
791
00:55:01,167 --> 00:55:04,337
never set a foot in Tennessee
in their life.
792
00:55:04,388 --> 00:55:05,998
It's our families
and our dreams
793
00:55:06,041 --> 00:55:08,701
that are being destroyed here.
794
00:55:08,740 --> 00:55:10,440
If we don't speak up, th..
795
00:55:10,481 --> 00:55:13,311
They're just gonna keep
right on doin' it.
796
00:55:13,353 --> 00:55:14,833
'Thank you very much.'
797
00:55:14,876 --> 00:55:16,746
[crowd applauding]
798
00:55:16,791 --> 00:55:18,141
Hi. Good to meet you.
799
00:55:20,055 --> 00:55:23,445
[male narrator]
In the summer of 1827
800
00:55:23,494 --> 00:55:27,064
Davy Crockett
wins in a landslide
801
00:55:27,106 --> 00:55:28,716
with a campaign built
802
00:55:28,760 --> 00:55:32,680
on bringing the frontier fight to Washington.
803
00:55:32,720 --> 00:55:35,160
David Crockett looms huge
804
00:55:35,201 --> 00:55:39,341
in the notion of what
the American frontier was.
805
00:55:39,379 --> 00:55:41,689
[Buddy]
He became a symbol
806
00:55:41,729 --> 00:55:44,299
of possibility, of hope
807
00:55:44,341 --> 00:55:45,951
that the common man
808
00:55:45,994 --> 00:55:49,394
could actually rise
to great heights.
809
00:55:49,433 --> 00:55:51,833
A man with six months' education
810
00:55:51,870 --> 00:55:54,180
ends up
in the halls of Congress.
811
00:55:54,220 --> 00:55:56,740
It's a uniquely American story.
812
00:56:00,748 --> 00:56:05,798
[male narrator] But while Crockett is entering the House of Representatives
813
00:56:05,840 --> 00:56:07,800
his former militia commander
814
00:56:07,842 --> 00:56:10,672
has become one of the richest
and most powerful men
815
00:56:10,715 --> 00:56:12,845
in the frontier.
816
00:56:12,891 --> 00:56:14,811
And he has his sights set
817
00:56:14,849 --> 00:56:19,379
on the highest office
in the country.
818
00:56:19,419 --> 00:56:21,899
[Brands]
Jackson, as a young man,
he didn't see himself
819
00:56:21,943 --> 00:56:23,903
as a career politician
by any means.
820
00:56:25,512 --> 00:56:28,302
But he became this national hero
821
00:56:28,341 --> 00:56:30,951
as a result of his victory
at the Battle of New Orleans.
822
00:56:30,996 --> 00:56:33,036
And people began telling him
823
00:56:33,085 --> 00:56:35,295
that he could be
president of the United States.
824
00:56:38,133 --> 00:56:41,143
[male narrator]
For the first 40 years
of America's existence
825
00:56:41,180 --> 00:56:44,050
the president hailed
from either Massachusetts
826
00:56:44,096 --> 00:56:45,576
or Virginia.
827
00:56:45,619 --> 00:56:47,399
But now as more and more people
828
00:56:47,447 --> 00:56:49,487
pour into the frontier
829
00:56:49,536 --> 00:56:51,886
Jackson believes
the country is ready
830
00:56:51,930 --> 00:56:53,850
for an unprecedented change.
831
00:56:55,629 --> 00:56:58,329
Andrew Jackson rose to power
just at a moment
832
00:56:58,371 --> 00:57:00,901
when people
were becoming conscious
833
00:57:00,939 --> 00:57:04,989
that the revolutionary
generation was passing away
834
00:57:05,030 --> 00:57:07,210
and a new generation was rising
835
00:57:07,249 --> 00:57:09,379
and some of those leaders
were going to come
836
00:57:09,426 --> 00:57:12,726
from a new region
that had not really existed
837
00:57:12,777 --> 00:57:16,427
at the time
of the American Revolution.
838
00:57:16,476 --> 00:57:20,386
[male narrator] Jackson trades on his reputation as a war hero
839
00:57:20,437 --> 00:57:22,127
and like Crockett
840
00:57:22,177 --> 00:57:25,787
paints himself
as a self-made frontiersman.
841
00:57:25,833 --> 00:57:28,233
You just look
at the-the political competition
842
00:57:28,270 --> 00:57:30,400
uh, for Jackson in his day.
843
00:57:30,447 --> 00:57:33,187
Uh, his main competitor
was John Quincy Adams.
844
00:57:33,232 --> 00:57:35,932
Son of the president,
he went to Harvard
845
00:57:35,974 --> 00:57:38,634
he spoke
five different languages.
846
00:57:38,672 --> 00:57:42,242
And here's Andrew Jackson,
completely self-educated.
847
00:57:44,809 --> 00:57:48,289
[male narrator]
Jackson's message
resonates with Americans
848
00:57:48,334 --> 00:57:49,684
across the country.
849
00:57:50,902 --> 00:57:54,472
And on December 3, 1828
850
00:57:54,514 --> 00:57:58,084
he's elected as the seventh president of the United States.
851
00:58:05,090 --> 00:58:06,530
Here's the man himself.
852
00:58:06,570 --> 00:58:08,180
[Jackson chuckles]
853
00:58:08,223 --> 00:58:11,013
Mr. President.
854
00:58:11,052 --> 00:58:13,842
[Brands]
When Jackson became president
in 1829
855
00:58:13,881 --> 00:58:16,011
he was the first president
who was called
856
00:58:16,057 --> 00:58:18,967
and who could be considered
the people's president.
857
00:58:19,017 --> 00:58:20,537
Each and every one of you men
are responsible
858
00:58:20,584 --> 00:58:22,024
for this victory.
859
00:58:22,063 --> 00:58:23,543
To you.
860
00:58:23,587 --> 00:58:27,107
To you, Mr. President.
861
00:58:27,155 --> 00:58:29,975
And that was the most lasting
contribution of Jackson
862
00:58:30,028 --> 00:58:32,638
because the presidency
from Jackson until today
863
00:58:32,683 --> 00:58:35,383
is preeminently
the office of the people.
864
00:58:43,737 --> 00:58:46,867
[male narrator]
After taking office,
Jackson's first priority
865
00:58:46,914 --> 00:58:49,354
is to continue
American expansion.
866
00:58:49,395 --> 00:58:52,005
And that means more land.
867
00:58:52,050 --> 00:58:55,750
Andrew Jackson inherited
a country in transition.
868
00:58:55,793 --> 00:58:57,533
This was a period in which
869
00:58:57,577 --> 00:59:01,097
Americans were continuing
to move west.
870
00:59:01,146 --> 00:59:05,016
The population was almost
doubling every 20 years.
871
00:59:05,063 --> 00:59:07,073
And he entered office
872
00:59:07,108 --> 00:59:10,588
with one overriding priority
above all
873
00:59:10,634 --> 00:59:12,944
and that was
to obtain more land.
874
00:59:15,377 --> 00:59:17,337
[male narrator]
Jackson introduces a plan
875
00:59:17,379 --> 00:59:20,429
called the Indian Removal Act
876
00:59:20,469 --> 00:59:23,949
to the horror of his old rival, Davy Crockett.
877
00:59:27,215 --> 00:59:30,215
[Jackson]
Fellow citizens of the Senate
878
00:59:30,262 --> 00:59:33,482
and of the House
of Representatives
879
00:59:33,526 --> 00:59:36,566
'it gives me pleasure
to announce to you..'
880
00:59:38,792 --> 00:59:40,052
...that the benevolent policy
881
00:59:40,098 --> 00:59:43,748
in relation to the removal..
882
00:59:43,797 --> 00:59:45,837
...of the remaining Indians..
883
00:59:45,886 --> 00:59:47,146
[screaming]
884
00:59:48,933 --> 00:59:50,373
...beyond the white settlements
885
00:59:50,412 --> 00:59:53,552
by...fair exchange..
886
00:59:53,590 --> 00:59:55,160
[screaming]
887
00:59:57,071 --> 01:00:00,601
...is approaching
a happy consummation.
888
01:00:00,640 --> 01:00:02,560
[dramatic music]
889
01:00:02,599 --> 01:00:05,469
Jackson believed that white
Americans would never be secure
890
01:00:05,514 --> 01:00:09,744
from Indians as long as
the two populations mingled.
891
01:00:09,780 --> 01:00:13,520
And so Jackson's policy
was a policy of removal.
892
01:00:13,566 --> 01:00:15,436
People today might call it
ethnic cleansing.
893
01:00:15,481 --> 01:00:17,701
And, indeed, it was.
894
01:00:17,744 --> 01:00:22,274
The general government
kindly offers him a new home
895
01:00:22,314 --> 01:00:26,144
and proposes to pay
the whole expense
896
01:00:26,187 --> 01:00:29,277
of his removal and settlement.
897
01:00:31,323 --> 01:00:34,283
[dramatic music]
898
01:00:34,326 --> 01:00:38,586
[male narrator]
The Indian Removal Act will
force 50,000 Native Americans
899
01:00:38,635 --> 01:00:42,545
from five tribes to leave their ancestral lands
900
01:00:42,595 --> 01:00:46,895
and settle 600 miles west,
in modern-day Oklahoma.
901
01:00:48,819 --> 01:00:52,689
[Buddy]
The Indian Removal Act
was an act
902
01:00:52,736 --> 01:00:57,386
whose sole goal was to open up
large swaths of ground
903
01:00:57,436 --> 01:00:59,176
to more settlement
904
01:00:59,220 --> 01:01:02,010
and to make
these giant tracts of land
905
01:01:02,049 --> 01:01:06,049
available to those who could
then purchase it, sell it.
906
01:01:06,097 --> 01:01:09,577
They wouldn't have to deal
with the Indian problem anymore.
907
01:01:10,449 --> 01:01:12,189
[applause]
908
01:01:12,233 --> 01:01:15,803
[male narrator] The plan has widespread support
909
01:01:15,846 --> 01:01:18,276
but Crockett stands against it.
910
01:01:19,588 --> 01:01:22,288
And whoever wins..
911
01:01:22,330 --> 01:01:26,030
...will help decide the future of the American frontier.
912
01:01:31,209 --> 01:01:33,599
[dramatic music]
913
01:01:35,213 --> 01:01:36,743
[Jackson]
'This government'
914
01:01:36,780 --> 01:01:40,650
will purchase Indian lands
915
01:01:40,697 --> 01:01:43,177
and give them
new expensive territory.
916
01:01:45,658 --> 01:01:48,268
[male narrator]
President Andrew Jackson
has introduced
917
01:01:48,313 --> 01:01:50,843
the Indian Removal Act
to Congress.
918
01:01:50,881 --> 01:01:53,541
It would force Native Americans from their homelands
919
01:01:53,579 --> 01:01:55,929
to make way
for white settlement
920
01:01:55,973 --> 01:01:58,413
and it's gaining
widespread support.
921
01:01:58,453 --> 01:02:00,503
[applause]
922
01:02:00,542 --> 01:02:03,592
But one man is taking a stand
against the president..
923
01:02:04,895 --> 01:02:06,935
...Congressman Davy Crockett.
924
01:02:07,985 --> 01:02:10,765
[indistinct chatter]
925
01:02:14,731 --> 01:02:18,341
Four of my counties
border Chickasaw Country.
926
01:02:18,386 --> 01:02:22,426
I know, personally,
many of their tribe.
927
01:02:22,477 --> 01:02:24,517
'They are a proud people'
928
01:02:24,566 --> 01:02:27,826
who have stood as our allies
in war and in peace.
929
01:02:29,702 --> 01:02:34,272
Removal was taking the property
of Native Americans
930
01:02:34,315 --> 01:02:38,055
and putting it in the hands,
not just of US citizens
931
01:02:38,102 --> 01:02:41,852
but, frankly,
of Andrew Jackson supporters.
932
01:02:41,888 --> 01:02:45,538
And when Davy Crockett stood up on the floor of Congress
933
01:02:45,587 --> 01:02:48,457
and spoke against the Indian Removal Act
934
01:02:48,503 --> 01:02:51,683
Crockett put
not only his reputation
935
01:02:51,724 --> 01:02:55,294
but his entire political career
on the line.
936
01:02:57,556 --> 01:02:59,556
There is nothing
that will make me vote
937
01:02:59,601 --> 01:03:02,521
to force them
off their homelands.
938
01:03:03,518 --> 01:03:06,128
Not a political party
939
01:03:06,173 --> 01:03:10,223
nor any one man, no matter
how powerful he may be.
940
01:03:10,264 --> 01:03:11,404
[applause]
941
01:03:18,229 --> 01:03:20,839
[Bill]
What I like best
about Davy Crockett was
942
01:03:20,884 --> 01:03:22,284
he was able to change his mind.
943
01:03:22,320 --> 01:03:24,020
When he was a young man
944
01:03:24,061 --> 01:03:26,721
he participated
in an Indian massacre.
945
01:03:26,759 --> 01:03:29,629
But then he opposed
President Jackson
946
01:03:29,675 --> 01:03:32,845
when Jackson wanted to push
the Indian Removal Act
947
01:03:32,896 --> 01:03:34,546
because he knew it was wrong.
948
01:03:40,164 --> 01:03:44,344
[Buddy]
Crockett didn't care that
it was Andrew Jackson's baby.
949
01:03:44,385 --> 01:03:46,685
While it was going to help
people who already had money
950
01:03:46,735 --> 01:03:47,775
he thought it was wrong.
951
01:03:47,824 --> 01:03:49,964
He believed that the Indians
952
01:03:50,000 --> 01:03:53,090
had as much right to live freely as anyone else.
953
01:03:55,266 --> 01:03:57,356
[male narrator]
Debate about
the Indian Removal Act
954
01:03:57,398 --> 01:03:59,438
rages for five months
955
01:03:59,487 --> 01:04:02,227
both in Congress
and around the country.
956
01:04:04,928 --> 01:04:07,758
And on May 26, 1830
957
01:04:07,800 --> 01:04:11,330
it's put to a vote in the House of Representatives
958
01:04:11,369 --> 01:04:14,069
and Crockett's efforts
fall short.
959
01:04:16,591 --> 01:04:18,461
David Crockett
is the only member
960
01:04:18,506 --> 01:04:19,856
of the Tennessee delegation
961
01:04:19,899 --> 01:04:22,079
to vote against
the Indian Removal Act.
962
01:04:22,119 --> 01:04:25,429
And that was a shocking act
of, uh, defiance
963
01:04:25,470 --> 01:04:27,820
of the, uh, Jackson machine.
964
01:04:31,780 --> 01:04:33,610
Davy Crockett stood his ground.
965
01:04:33,652 --> 01:04:37,222
He realized he made a mistake
on that Indian massacre
966
01:04:37,264 --> 01:04:39,404
and he took the right position.
967
01:04:39,440 --> 01:04:41,790
[male #2]
'To you, Mr. President.'
968
01:04:41,834 --> 01:04:44,754
[male narrator]
The measure passes
by only four votes
969
01:04:44,793 --> 01:04:47,583
and is signed in to law
by President Jackson
970
01:04:47,622 --> 01:04:49,452
two days later.
971
01:04:49,494 --> 01:04:51,324
[Jackson]
'It's only beginning,
gentlemen.'
972
01:04:54,586 --> 01:04:56,676
[male narrator]
The Indian Removal Act
goes exactly
973
01:04:56,718 --> 01:04:58,418
according to Jackson's plan
974
01:04:58,459 --> 01:05:01,459
opening large parts
of present-day Georgia
975
01:05:01,506 --> 01:05:04,936
Mississippi and Florida,
to American expansion.
976
01:05:04,988 --> 01:05:06,598
But in the coming years
977
01:05:06,641 --> 01:05:08,381
the Indian Removal Act
978
01:05:08,426 --> 01:05:10,856
will be known by another name..
979
01:05:14,127 --> 01:05:16,647
...The Trail of Tears.
980
01:05:19,785 --> 01:05:22,695
[Brands]
The Trail of Tears
was the migration route
981
01:05:22,744 --> 01:05:27,184
from Georgia to territory west of the Mississippi River.
982
01:05:27,227 --> 01:05:29,007
It was called
the Trail of Tears
983
01:05:29,055 --> 01:05:32,145
because the deaths from exposure
and disease were appalling.
984
01:05:34,756 --> 01:05:37,186
[Eisenbach]
The Indian Removal Act
is not only a major stain
985
01:05:37,237 --> 01:05:39,977
on Jackson's legacy, it's a
major stain on American History.
986
01:05:41,763 --> 01:05:44,203
Here was
the US Federal Government
987
01:05:44,244 --> 01:05:46,864
getting into,
what many could call
988
01:05:46,899 --> 01:05:49,769
an ethnic cleansing.
989
01:05:49,815 --> 01:05:51,815
[male narrator]
Over the next two decades
990
01:05:51,860 --> 01:05:54,470
members of the Cherokee, Creek
991
01:05:54,515 --> 01:05:57,075
Chickasaw and Choctaw Nations
992
01:05:57,127 --> 01:05:59,427
are forced to march
thousands of miles
993
01:05:59,477 --> 01:06:01,867
often at gunpoint.
994
01:06:01,914 --> 01:06:05,184
Over 16,000 die on the journey.
995
01:06:06,745 --> 01:06:09,785
Well, my own tribe
signed a treaty in 1831
996
01:06:09,835 --> 01:06:13,925
and agreed to remove
to the Indian territory.
997
01:06:13,970 --> 01:06:16,100
Most people only think
of the Cherokee
998
01:06:16,146 --> 01:06:17,666
when they think
of the Trail of Tears
999
01:06:17,712 --> 01:06:19,502
and something like 25%
1000
01:06:19,540 --> 01:06:21,190
of their people died.
1001
01:06:21,238 --> 01:06:23,538
My tribe went through
a trail of tears
1002
01:06:23,588 --> 01:06:25,458
as did dozens of others
1003
01:06:25,503 --> 01:06:28,993
as they were also moved
to the Indian territory.
1004
01:06:29,028 --> 01:06:31,028
So the Trail of Tears
was literally
1005
01:06:31,074 --> 01:06:32,954
the extermination
of Indian nations
1006
01:06:32,989 --> 01:06:34,249
and Indian peoples
1007
01:06:34,294 --> 01:06:36,084
and their replacement
1008
01:06:36,122 --> 01:06:38,732
by Americans
and American society.
1009
01:06:46,654 --> 01:06:48,664
In mandating the human tragedy
1010
01:06:48,700 --> 01:06:50,750
that we call the Trail of Tears
1011
01:06:50,789 --> 01:06:53,529
Jackson, in one fell swoop,
cements his legacy
1012
01:06:53,574 --> 01:06:56,934
as a person willing to do
whatever was necessary
1013
01:06:56,969 --> 01:07:01,409
in order to serve the interest
of white settlers.
1014
01:07:01,452 --> 01:07:02,892
[male narrator]
For President Jackson
1015
01:07:02,931 --> 01:07:05,591
the legislative win
isn't enough.
1016
01:07:05,630 --> 01:07:09,030
The president is out
for revenge on Davy Crockett.
1017
01:07:11,027 --> 01:07:12,117
[Amy]
Andrew Jackson
1018
01:07:12,158 --> 01:07:15,508
made the political personal.
1019
01:07:15,553 --> 01:07:18,433
It was not enough for his side
1020
01:07:18,469 --> 01:07:20,559
his perspective to win.
1021
01:07:20,601 --> 01:07:23,301
His opponents had to be thoroughly defeated.
1022
01:07:23,343 --> 01:07:27,263
He was
a genuinely dangerous man.
1023
01:07:27,304 --> 01:07:31,574
[male narrator] Their fight will force Crockett to the southwestern frontier
1024
01:07:31,612 --> 01:07:34,272
changing the course
of American expansion.
1025
01:07:48,542 --> 01:07:52,762
President Andrew Jackson
signs the Indian Removal Act
1026
01:07:52,807 --> 01:07:56,857
despite Congressman
Davy Crockett's opposition.
1027
01:07:56,898 --> 01:08:00,118
Now, Crockett is up
for re-election
1028
01:08:00,163 --> 01:08:02,563
and Jackson vows
to crush his rival
1029
01:08:02,600 --> 01:08:04,380
by choosing a loyal supporter..
1030
01:08:04,428 --> 01:08:07,038
[knock on the door]
1031
01:08:07,083 --> 01:08:10,263
...William Fitzgerald,
to run against him.
1032
01:08:10,303 --> 01:08:12,313
Mr. Fitzgerald, come in.
1033
01:08:15,178 --> 01:08:17,008
Well, you don't cross
Andrew Jackson
1034
01:08:17,049 --> 01:08:20,439
without there
being consequences.
1035
01:08:20,487 --> 01:08:23,927
I-it's characteristic
of all successful politicians
1036
01:08:23,969 --> 01:08:26,449
because they want that to be
a warning sign to anybody else
1037
01:08:26,493 --> 01:08:29,153
not to cross me in the future.
1038
01:08:29,192 --> 01:08:31,112
So Jackson has to bury Crockett.
1039
01:08:32,499 --> 01:08:35,499
You will have my full support.
1040
01:08:35,546 --> 01:08:36,846
It would be an honor, sir.
1041
01:08:38,984 --> 01:08:40,814
Mr. President.
1042
01:08:40,855 --> 01:08:43,675
[dramatic music]
1043
01:08:43,728 --> 01:08:46,298
[male narrator]
To ruin Crockett's
political career
1044
01:08:46,339 --> 01:08:48,819
Jackson attacks his character
1045
01:08:48,863 --> 01:08:50,873
launching a smear campaign
in the press..
1046
01:08:52,780 --> 01:08:54,480
...accusing him
of being a drunk..
1047
01:08:56,001 --> 01:08:58,051
...a womanizer..
1048
01:08:58,090 --> 01:09:00,570
...and a gambler.
1049
01:09:00,614 --> 01:09:02,964
[Sam]
The Jackson machine
in Tennessee
1050
01:09:03,008 --> 01:09:05,358
had a tremendous amount
of political influence.
1051
01:09:07,186 --> 01:09:09,186
And when Jackson decides
1052
01:09:09,232 --> 01:09:12,102
to go after
Crockett's reputation
1053
01:09:12,148 --> 01:09:14,628
it becomes front-page news
throughout the United States.
1054
01:09:22,506 --> 01:09:23,636
[sighs]
1055
01:09:29,426 --> 01:09:31,726
[male narrator] The attacks infuriate Crockett.
1056
01:09:33,865 --> 01:09:36,775
Davy Crockett was, in part
1057
01:09:36,824 --> 01:09:40,654
built on his reputation
as a man of honor.
1058
01:09:40,698 --> 01:09:43,048
He would not stand idly by
and watch
1059
01:09:43,091 --> 01:09:44,921
as people destroy that.
1060
01:09:52,057 --> 01:09:55,367
[male narrator]
At a campaign stop
in northwest Tennessee
1061
01:09:55,408 --> 01:09:58,458
Crockett confronts Fitzgerald.
1062
01:09:58,498 --> 01:10:00,668
Forget Davy Crockett.
1063
01:10:00,718 --> 01:10:03,938
I will give you the real voice
of Tennessee in Washington.
1064
01:10:08,813 --> 01:10:10,993
When Crockett
and Fitzgerald arrived
1065
01:10:11,032 --> 01:10:13,822
for one of their
co-stump speeches
1066
01:10:13,861 --> 01:10:17,041
Crockett stood up
and strode toward the stage
1067
01:10:17,082 --> 01:10:19,042
and said, you know,
"If you continue
1068
01:10:19,084 --> 01:10:20,964
"with these casting aspersions
1069
01:10:20,999 --> 01:10:22,959
I'm going to give you
a country caning."
1070
01:10:28,833 --> 01:10:32,273
Fitzgerald leveled a pistol
at Crockett's chest and said
1071
01:10:32,315 --> 01:10:35,225
"Take one more step
and it'll be your last."
1072
01:10:35,274 --> 01:10:38,194
[dramatic music]
1073
01:10:40,148 --> 01:10:42,058
I suggest you leave.
1074
01:10:52,552 --> 01:10:55,902
[Fitzgerald]
So in addition
to his moral flaws
1075
01:10:55,947 --> 01:10:57,297
it would appear
that Mr. Crockett
1076
01:10:57,340 --> 01:10:59,600
is not quite as tough
as he claims.
1077
01:11:04,085 --> 01:11:05,825
[Buddy]
The event
with William Fitzgerald
1078
01:11:05,870 --> 01:11:08,830
and the pistol
was devastating to Crockett.
1079
01:11:08,873 --> 01:11:11,703
He had run part
of his campaign on his courage
1080
01:11:11,745 --> 01:11:14,355
and here he was,
publically slinking away
1081
01:11:14,400 --> 01:11:16,880
in front of someone.
1082
01:11:16,924 --> 01:11:19,714
It was kind of an assault
to his manhood.
1083
01:11:23,366 --> 01:11:25,666
[male narrator]
After a brutal campaign
1084
01:11:25,716 --> 01:11:28,806
in the fall of 1831
1085
01:11:28,849 --> 01:11:31,899
some 16,000 ballots are cast
1086
01:11:31,939 --> 01:11:34,379
in the election
for Tennessee's 9th District.
1087
01:11:35,508 --> 01:11:37,288
In a stunning upset
1088
01:11:37,336 --> 01:11:40,686
Crockett loses
by just 800 votes.
1089
01:11:42,689 --> 01:11:44,949
Disgraced in Washington
1090
01:11:44,996 --> 01:11:47,686
Davy Crockett returns home
to Tennessee
1091
01:11:47,738 --> 01:11:50,778
with his career in ruins
1092
01:11:50,828 --> 01:11:54,528
only to find his personal life is also falling apart.
1093
01:11:58,270 --> 01:12:01,360
[Buddy]
When Crockett
lost his bid for Congress
1094
01:12:01,404 --> 01:12:04,284
he sort of slug home
with his tail between his legs.
1095
01:12:04,320 --> 01:12:07,410
He was now broke,
arriving to find out
1096
01:12:07,453 --> 01:12:09,373
that his, his wife
had also left him
1097
01:12:09,412 --> 01:12:11,632
and he was living alone.
1098
01:12:11,675 --> 01:12:13,975
It was a very low, low point
in his life.
1099
01:12:24,644 --> 01:12:27,344
[male narrator]
In a stroke of blind luck
1100
01:12:27,386 --> 01:12:29,946
Crockett's fortunes
take a turn..
1101
01:12:35,960 --> 01:12:37,880
...when a play
based on his life
1102
01:12:37,918 --> 01:12:41,358
opens in New York City.
1103
01:12:41,400 --> 01:12:43,710
One of the things
that revitalized Crockett
1104
01:12:43,750 --> 01:12:47,490
in his career
was the creation of this play
1105
01:12:47,537 --> 01:12:49,627
called "The Lion Of The West.."
1106
01:12:53,107 --> 01:12:56,417
...which was clearly, uh,
a depiction of Crockett.
1107
01:12:59,418 --> 01:13:02,248
At the beginning, Crockett
was sort of offended by this.
1108
01:13:02,290 --> 01:13:04,600
He felt like
he was being made fun of
1109
01:13:04,641 --> 01:13:06,601
but as it turned out
1110
01:13:06,643 --> 01:13:10,953
the play actually made him
an international celebrity.
1111
01:13:17,741 --> 01:13:20,531
[male narrator]
As Crockett's fame
as a frontiersman grows
1112
01:13:20,570 --> 01:13:24,230
the US population explodes.
1113
01:13:24,269 --> 01:13:26,009
Over the next four years
1114
01:13:26,053 --> 01:13:28,623
it balloons to 17 million.
1115
01:13:31,145 --> 01:13:33,445
As the old frontier
is dominated
1116
01:13:33,496 --> 01:13:36,366
by cotton plantations
and settlements..
1117
01:13:40,111 --> 01:13:43,941
...pioneers looking for land
stream further west
1118
01:13:43,984 --> 01:13:45,774
across modern-day Mississippi
1119
01:13:45,812 --> 01:13:48,862
Alabama and Arkansas
1120
01:13:48,902 --> 01:13:52,212
into a new frontier
full of opportunity
1121
01:13:52,253 --> 01:13:55,433
a Mexican territory
called Texas.
1122
01:13:58,521 --> 01:14:00,911
One of the attractions of Texas
1123
01:14:00,958 --> 01:14:02,528
to the Americans who went there
1124
01:14:02,568 --> 01:14:05,088
when Texas was part of Mexico
1125
01:14:05,136 --> 01:14:09,786
was precisely that it was foreign territory.
1126
01:14:09,836 --> 01:14:12,796
[Brands]
It was this place
where you could go
1127
01:14:12,839 --> 01:14:15,579
if things weren't going well
for you wherever you were
1128
01:14:15,625 --> 01:14:17,575
because it provided
opportunity.
1129
01:14:19,455 --> 01:14:22,065
Americans discovered
because land was cheap
1130
01:14:22,109 --> 01:14:24,549
they would get title to land
1131
01:14:24,590 --> 01:14:27,200
and then the land
would increase in value
1132
01:14:27,245 --> 01:14:28,585
and they'd eventually sell it
1133
01:14:28,638 --> 01:14:30,808
and become wealthy
as a result of this.
1134
01:14:37,777 --> 01:14:40,477
[male narrator]
In 1835
1135
01:14:40,519 --> 01:14:44,259
Crockett leaves
Tennessee behind..
1136
01:14:44,305 --> 01:14:48,785
...hoping his name can help jump start a new life in Texas.
1137
01:14:51,138 --> 01:14:52,578
But instead of opportunity..
1138
01:14:54,359 --> 01:14:56,839
...Crockett's
about to find himself
1139
01:14:56,883 --> 01:14:59,543
in the middle
of an all-out war.
1140
01:15:05,675 --> 01:15:08,545
[dramatic music]
1141
01:15:20,994 --> 01:15:24,524
[male narrator]
After his reputation
is shredded by Andrew Jackson
1142
01:15:24,563 --> 01:15:26,573
Davy Crockett heads west..
1143
01:15:28,698 --> 01:15:32,618
...looking for a fresh start
in Texas
1144
01:15:32,658 --> 01:15:36,918
a rugged frontier territory
across the border in Mexico.
1145
01:15:40,057 --> 01:15:42,017
For years,
the Mexican government
1146
01:15:42,059 --> 01:15:43,709
has encouraged
foreign settlement
1147
01:15:43,756 --> 01:15:45,626
to increase their population
1148
01:15:45,671 --> 01:15:49,681
offering families 4000 acres
at low prices.
1149
01:15:52,896 --> 01:15:55,196
[Miller]
Mexicans were encouraging
Americans and others
1150
01:15:55,246 --> 01:15:58,116
to move, uh, into Texas
and offering land.
1151
01:15:58,162 --> 01:16:00,732
But, of course,
the stipulation was that, uh
1152
01:16:00,773 --> 01:16:02,603
they had to abide
by the rules of Mexico.
1153
01:16:02,645 --> 01:16:05,125
And for the most part,
Americans generally lived
1154
01:16:05,169 --> 01:16:07,209
relatively peacefully.
1155
01:16:10,522 --> 01:16:13,442
One of the attractions of Texas
1156
01:16:13,481 --> 01:16:16,751
to the Americans who went there
when Texas was part of Mexico
1157
01:16:16,789 --> 01:16:20,659
was precisely
that it was foreign territory.
1158
01:16:20,706 --> 01:16:22,926
They had bad memories,
bad debts
1159
01:16:22,969 --> 01:16:25,889
there were people who were after them in the United States
1160
01:16:25,929 --> 01:16:28,629
and they went to Texas.
1161
01:16:28,671 --> 01:16:32,851
[male narrator]
By 1836, 45,000 Americans
move here.
1162
01:16:34,154 --> 01:16:36,814
Davy Crockett is one of them.
1163
01:16:42,815 --> 01:16:45,905
Unsure what awaits him.
1164
01:16:45,949 --> 01:16:47,909
[instrumental music]
1165
01:16:50,867 --> 01:16:54,217
[Buddy]
Crockett went to Texas,
clearly, to start over.
1166
01:16:54,261 --> 01:16:56,741
He'd lost his last bid
for Congress
1167
01:16:56,786 --> 01:17:00,046
and he was going to Texas
to get land
1168
01:17:00,093 --> 01:17:04,533
and to look at possible
political opportunity.
1169
01:17:07,623 --> 01:17:11,633
[male narrator] Jackson may have destroyed Crockett's career in Washington
1170
01:17:11,670 --> 01:17:14,500
but in Texas, he's hailed
as a frontier legend.
1171
01:17:14,542 --> 01:17:17,462
[crowd cheering]
1172
01:17:20,331 --> 01:17:24,991
As David Crockett arrived
in the Texas outpost towns
1173
01:17:25,031 --> 01:17:28,511
he began to notice that people
were already lining the streets
1174
01:17:28,556 --> 01:17:30,776
waiting for his arrival.
1175
01:17:30,820 --> 01:17:33,650
People in Texas
heard that he was coming
1176
01:17:33,692 --> 01:17:37,832
and would have big feasts
and parties for him.
1177
01:17:43,746 --> 01:17:46,656
[instrumental music]
1178
01:17:48,533 --> 01:17:51,493
And you spent time, uh,
in the militia, as well?
1179
01:17:51,536 --> 01:17:54,316
[male narrator] As Crockett begins to settle in
1180
01:17:54,365 --> 01:17:58,275
he realizes Texas
is on the verge of rebellion.
1181
01:18:01,285 --> 01:18:03,415
After years of loose governance
1182
01:18:03,461 --> 01:18:05,551
Mexican President, Santa Anna
1183
01:18:05,593 --> 01:18:08,643
suddenly imposes
new restrictions on settlers.
1184
01:18:08,684 --> 01:18:10,734
Now, angry Texans
1185
01:18:10,773 --> 01:18:13,693
are calling for revolution.
1186
01:18:13,732 --> 01:18:17,612
Texas was on the verge
of independence
1187
01:18:17,649 --> 01:18:19,389
that the Texians,
as they were called
1188
01:18:19,433 --> 01:18:22,743
were going to try to become
independent from Mexico.
1189
01:18:22,785 --> 01:18:25,565
And there would be possibilities
of land
1190
01:18:25,613 --> 01:18:29,273
and political opportunity.
1191
01:18:29,313 --> 01:18:32,583
[male narrator]
In response, Santa Anna
sends 500 troops
1192
01:18:32,620 --> 01:18:35,360
to confiscate weapons
and quell unrest.
1193
01:18:37,060 --> 01:18:39,760
When Texans refuse to give in
1194
01:18:39,802 --> 01:18:42,502
he makes plans to retaliate.
1195
01:18:45,503 --> 01:18:47,813
[Sam] Santa Anna is training an army
1196
01:18:47,853 --> 01:18:51,033
in San Luis Potosi
to march against Texas.
1197
01:18:51,074 --> 01:18:54,604
Santa Anna did not think that
this was a local insurgency.
1198
01:18:54,642 --> 01:18:57,822
He was absolutely convinced
the United States was involved
1199
01:18:57,863 --> 01:19:00,563
and so that's why
the Mexican government
1200
01:19:00,605 --> 01:19:02,295
was so determined
to put down this revolt.
1201
01:19:04,827 --> 01:19:07,827
[male narrator]
Crockett arrives in Texas
at the same time
1202
01:19:07,873 --> 01:19:10,753
as news of Santa Anna's
counter-attack.
1203
01:19:13,836 --> 01:19:15,926
[Buddy]
When Crockett had gone
to Texas, it was really just
1204
01:19:15,968 --> 01:19:19,838
meant to be an extended hunting
expedition and land scout
1205
01:19:19,885 --> 01:19:23,445
and he bumbles right into
a war for independence.
1206
01:19:25,761 --> 01:19:28,591
But a number of things
happened, uh, along the way.
1207
01:19:30,896 --> 01:19:34,806
One was the appearance
of Halley's Comet.
1208
01:19:34,857 --> 01:19:36,157
And when Halley's Comet
1209
01:19:36,206 --> 01:19:39,906
appeared in the sky in 1836
1210
01:19:39,949 --> 01:19:42,079
some people thought
that it meant
1211
01:19:42,125 --> 01:19:44,255
that David Crockett
was coming to Texas
1212
01:19:44,301 --> 01:19:46,001
to fight for independence.
1213
01:19:54,877 --> 01:19:57,657
[indistinct chatter]
1214
01:20:01,231 --> 01:20:03,151
We could use
somebody like you, Crockett.
1215
01:20:07,063 --> 01:20:08,633
Oh, yeah?
1216
01:20:08,673 --> 01:20:09,723
[male narrator]
To remove the stain
1217
01:20:09,761 --> 01:20:11,201
on his character
1218
01:20:11,241 --> 01:20:14,811
Crockett finds himself
drawn into war.
1219
01:20:16,202 --> 01:20:17,642
Hell, I'll join you boys.
1220
01:20:17,682 --> 01:20:20,512
[cheering]
1221
01:20:20,554 --> 01:20:21,734
Hell or Texas, right?
1222
01:20:21,773 --> 01:20:23,213
[all]
Hell or Texas!
1223
01:20:23,253 --> 01:20:24,433
Hell or Texas!
1224
01:20:24,471 --> 01:20:27,871
[all]
Hell or Texas!
1225
01:20:27,910 --> 01:20:30,740
[male narrator]
What began
as a fresh start in Texas
1226
01:20:30,782 --> 01:20:33,572
is now a call to arms.
1227
01:20:39,182 --> 01:20:42,272
[dramatic music]
1228
01:20:42,315 --> 01:20:45,445
As the situation in Texas
escalates
1229
01:20:45,492 --> 01:20:47,362
back in Washington
1230
01:20:47,407 --> 01:20:49,977
President Jackson
sees the unrest
1231
01:20:50,019 --> 01:20:52,759
as a new opportunity to expand.
1232
01:20:54,545 --> 01:20:57,895
Andrew Jackson knew
that America was a young country
1233
01:20:57,940 --> 01:20:59,810
and needed more territory.
1234
01:20:59,855 --> 01:21:02,465
He saw in Texas enormous energy
1235
01:21:02,509 --> 01:21:05,859
timber, agricultural resources
1236
01:21:05,904 --> 01:21:09,914
a land mass that many Americans
in the future could move to
1237
01:21:09,952 --> 01:21:11,172
and he wanted them.
1238
01:21:13,172 --> 01:21:15,572
[Brands]
Jackson believed that
1239
01:21:15,609 --> 01:21:18,219
Texas ought to be part
of the United States.
1240
01:21:18,264 --> 01:21:20,924
Jackson attempted
to purchase Texas from Mexico
1241
01:21:20,963 --> 01:21:24,233
after Mexico
became independent of Spain.
1242
01:21:24,270 --> 01:21:26,450
But Mexico
didn't wanna sell Texas.
1243
01:21:26,490 --> 01:21:29,540
And so Jackson
tried to figure out
1244
01:21:29,580 --> 01:21:30,970
"How can I deal with this?"
1245
01:21:33,671 --> 01:21:35,721
[male narrator]
To avoid war with Mexico
1246
01:21:35,760 --> 01:21:37,280
Jackson wants Texas
1247
01:21:37,327 --> 01:21:40,417
to declare independence
on its own.
1248
01:21:40,460 --> 01:21:43,940
But what he doesn't realize
is that his plan will hinge
1249
01:21:43,986 --> 01:21:47,026
on the actions
of his long-time rival.
1250
01:21:47,076 --> 01:21:49,986
[dramatic music]
1251
01:21:53,996 --> 01:21:56,256
In February 1836
1252
01:21:56,302 --> 01:22:00,522
two hundred and sixty men
move towards San Antonio..
1253
01:22:04,441 --> 01:22:06,881
[marching band music]
1254
01:22:08,880 --> 01:22:11,010
...as Mexican general,
Santa Anna
1255
01:22:11,056 --> 01:22:14,966
marches 4000 soldiers
toward Texas.
1256
01:22:17,454 --> 01:22:20,894
The two forces will soon
clash at an old Spanish fort.
1257
01:22:25,897 --> 01:22:28,247
Its name is The Alamo.
1258
01:22:33,165 --> 01:22:37,125
And his stand here will make
Crockett an American icon.
1259
01:22:38,866 --> 01:22:39,996
Alright, close it up.
1260
01:22:46,309 --> 01:22:47,919
[male narrator]
Next time, on the conclusion
1261
01:22:47,963 --> 01:22:50,793
of "The Men Who Built America: Frontiersmen.."
1262
01:22:50,835 --> 01:22:53,925
[indistinct chatter]
1263
01:22:53,969 --> 01:22:56,799
...Davy Crockett
makes a valiant last stand.
1264
01:22:56,841 --> 01:22:59,501
[screaming]
1265
01:23:01,933 --> 01:23:04,243
A new president
plots a covert war
1266
01:23:04,283 --> 01:23:07,203
to gain California and Texas.
1267
01:23:07,243 --> 01:23:10,123
[Walter]
Polk isn't content
to just look at Texas.
1268
01:23:10,159 --> 01:23:12,249
He's going to look broader,
beyond that.
1269
01:23:12,291 --> 01:23:15,081
Polk wants
the entire continent.
1270
01:23:18,167 --> 01:23:20,127
[male narrator] Famed explorer, John Fremont..
1271
01:23:20,169 --> 01:23:21,559
We made it!
1272
01:23:21,605 --> 01:23:23,995
...opens the Oregon Trail.
1273
01:23:24,042 --> 01:23:25,912
[Brands]
He was known
as the Great Pathfinder.
1274
01:23:25,957 --> 01:23:27,217
Fremont was the one
1275
01:23:27,263 --> 01:23:31,403
who made the expansion real.
1276
01:23:31,441 --> 01:23:35,841
[male narrator]
His partner is legendary
frontiersman, Kit Carson.
1277
01:23:35,880 --> 01:23:38,360
Before there were
all the cliches of the west
1278
01:23:38,404 --> 01:23:39,844
there was Kit Carson.
1279
01:23:39,884 --> 01:23:42,544
Brutally honest, very violent
1280
01:23:42,582 --> 01:23:44,722
but lived true to a code.
1281
01:23:44,758 --> 01:23:49,678
His legacy in many ways is kind of the ultimate Westerner.
1282
01:23:49,720 --> 01:23:51,110
[male narrator]
Together, they start
a revolution
1283
01:23:51,156 --> 01:23:52,976
on the Pacific coast..
1284
01:23:53,028 --> 01:23:55,728
Let's go!
1285
01:23:55,769 --> 01:23:56,859
[male narrator]
...battling new enemies..
1286
01:23:56,901 --> 01:23:57,861
[gunshot]
1287
01:24:01,036 --> 01:24:03,256
...to realize a long-held dream
1288
01:24:03,299 --> 01:24:06,219
a nation
stretching from sea to sea.
1289
01:24:06,258 --> 01:24:07,518
[screaming]
97200
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