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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:00,967 --> 00:00:03,503 Billions of Earth-like planets... 2 00:00:03,536 --> 00:00:07,407 Why would there be this vast universe and just us? 3 00:00:07,934 --> 00:00:10,920 Each capable of sustaining life. 4 00:00:11,710 --> 00:00:14,914 In many ways, it's like finding the Garden of Eden. 5 00:00:15,225 --> 00:00:17,663 And each with possible evidence 6 00:00:17,928 --> 00:00:19,809 that we are not alone. 7 00:00:20,522 --> 00:00:22,486 We have this imprint 8 00:00:22,521 --> 00:00:26,397 within all of us, that our origin is out there. 9 00:00:26,686 --> 00:00:29,700 That life as we know it, on planet Earth... 10 00:00:30,512 --> 00:00:32,448 originated elsewhere. 11 00:00:34,239 --> 00:00:36,600 Since the dawn of civilization, 12 00:00:36,739 --> 00:00:38,302 mankind has credited 13 00:00:38,337 --> 00:00:40,222 its origins to gods 14 00:00:40,753 --> 00:00:43,271 and other visitors from the stars. 15 00:00:44,182 --> 00:00:46,090 What if it were true? 16 00:00:46,932 --> 00:00:48,847 Did extraterrestrial beings 17 00:00:49,107 --> 00:00:51,771 really help to shape our history? 18 00:00:52,826 --> 00:00:56,236 And, if so, might this explain our search... 19 00:00:56,896 --> 00:00:58,733 for another Earth? 20 00:01:16,528 --> 00:01:21,128 Sync and corrected by minouhse www.addic7ed.com. 21 00:01:29,091 --> 00:01:32,359 July 23, 2015. 22 00:01:33,605 --> 00:01:35,401 After more than six years 23 00:01:35,440 --> 00:01:39,213 of observing over 150,000 star systems 24 00:01:39,260 --> 00:01:41,354 within the Milky Way galaxy, 25 00:01:42,417 --> 00:01:45,460 NASA scientists, using the Kepler Telescope, 26 00:01:45,485 --> 00:01:48,899 discover what they believe to be an Earth-like planet, 27 00:01:49,226 --> 00:01:52,168 located 1,400 light years away. 28 00:01:54,336 --> 00:01:55,920 Kepler-452B 29 00:01:56,523 --> 00:01:59,390 or Earth 2.0, as it has become known 30 00:01:59,914 --> 00:02:01,993 is 60% larger than Earth. 31 00:02:02,561 --> 00:02:06,211 The exo-planet orbits a star slightly larger 32 00:02:06,282 --> 00:02:07,860 and brighter than our sun 33 00:02:08,009 --> 00:02:10,985 and falls within that star's "Goldilocks zone"... 34 00:02:12,219 --> 00:02:14,250 making it a leading candidate 35 00:02:14,399 --> 00:02:17,816 to prove life exists on a planet other than our own. 36 00:02:18,917 --> 00:02:22,307 Some planets are too close to their stars, so they're too hot. 37 00:02:22,510 --> 00:02:25,010 Some of them are too far away, so they're too cold. 38 00:02:25,260 --> 00:02:29,140 Recently, they found one which they've actually called the Goldilocks planet. 39 00:02:30,897 --> 00:02:34,404 As you can probably surmise from that, that means that it's almost just right. 40 00:02:34,429 --> 00:02:36,693 What that means is that there's a potential 41 00:02:36,718 --> 00:02:39,133 that it might be teeming with life. 42 00:02:40,147 --> 00:02:42,645 The problem looking for Earth-like planets 43 00:02:42,670 --> 00:02:45,430 beyond the solar system is they're hard to spot. 44 00:02:45,647 --> 00:02:48,825 There may be billions within our galaxy alone 45 00:02:48,850 --> 00:02:52,588 that satisfy roughly the conditions of being Earth-like. 46 00:02:53,437 --> 00:02:56,380 They have to have a magnetic field and a few other conditions 47 00:02:56,405 --> 00:02:59,296 that will be congenial for life, but the liquid water, as well, 48 00:02:59,321 --> 00:03:01,061 I think everybody agrees, is key. 49 00:03:01,990 --> 00:03:04,997 The Kepler discovery made people sit up and take notice, 50 00:03:05,022 --> 00:03:08,668 'cause it would possibly have the all-important liquid water 51 00:03:08,693 --> 00:03:10,943 that is the key to looking for life 52 00:03:11,057 --> 00:03:13,251 as we know it beyond the solar system. 53 00:03:16,012 --> 00:03:18,574 Of the 100 billion stars that make up 54 00:03:18,599 --> 00:03:22,028 the Milky Way galaxy, astronomers now estimate 55 00:03:22,340 --> 00:03:26,818 that one in five has an Earth-sized planet with the potential for life. 56 00:03:28,277 --> 00:03:31,713 And NASA scientists predict that we are likely to find 57 00:03:31,738 --> 00:03:35,417 signs of alien life by the year 2025, 58 00:03:36,816 --> 00:03:40,384 bringing us ever closer to answering the age-old question: 59 00:03:40,550 --> 00:03:43,224 "Are we really alone in the universe?" 60 00:03:44,691 --> 00:03:47,558 Humans are really excited about life on other planets. 61 00:03:47,683 --> 00:03:49,426 There's a lot of empty space out there, 62 00:03:49,461 --> 00:03:51,819 and it would be a big waste, if there wasn't more life. 63 00:03:53,366 --> 00:03:57,284 Why would there be this vast universe and just us? 64 00:03:59,194 --> 00:04:02,775 Forever people have wondered, Are we alone? Is there life out there? 65 00:04:04,037 --> 00:04:05,676 Are there other intelligent beings? 66 00:04:05,711 --> 00:04:07,812 And that's why we're so insistent upon 67 00:04:07,846 --> 00:04:09,413 searching for another Earth. 68 00:04:12,090 --> 00:04:14,237 I think there's that need to realize 69 00:04:14,262 --> 00:04:16,089 that we're not alone in the universe. 70 00:04:16,300 --> 00:04:17,757 We want answers. 71 00:04:17,790 --> 00:04:20,510 We're going out into space because we want to find out 72 00:04:20,535 --> 00:04:22,855 are there other beings out there like us? 73 00:04:27,315 --> 00:04:31,635 Since the Ancient Babylonians first documented observations of Venus, 74 00:04:32,494 --> 00:04:35,623 humans have speculated that inhabited worlds 75 00:04:35,648 --> 00:04:37,537 may exist beyond Earth. 76 00:04:40,240 --> 00:04:42,615 And from the time of the ancient Greeks, 77 00:04:42,803 --> 00:04:46,576 philosophers and scholars have theorized on the probability 78 00:04:46,818 --> 00:04:49,959 of the existence of otherworldly civilizations 79 00:04:50,092 --> 00:04:51,672 other than our own. 80 00:04:55,494 --> 00:04:59,497 In 1961, radio astronomer Frank Drake 81 00:04:59,853 --> 00:05:03,744 was the first to publicly propose a mathematical argument 82 00:05:04,088 --> 00:05:08,332 for the likelihood of the existence of intelligent extraterrestrial life 83 00:05:08,559 --> 00:05:09,968 in the galaxy. 84 00:05:11,715 --> 00:05:13,520 Frank Drake developed an equation 85 00:05:13,545 --> 00:05:15,980 that took the probability of different things happening: 86 00:05:16,005 --> 00:05:19,042 Having the right type of sun, having the right type of planet, 87 00:05:19,240 --> 00:05:21,302 how many planets and stars there were 88 00:05:21,380 --> 00:05:24,549 and made an estimate of how likely life would be. 89 00:05:26,158 --> 00:05:29,156 The Drake equation would seem to logically 90 00:05:29,181 --> 00:05:33,159 predict tens of thousands of civilizations out there, 91 00:05:33,499 --> 00:05:36,935 that we ought to be able to hear on radio traffic. 92 00:05:40,047 --> 00:05:42,827 But if there is such a high probability 93 00:05:42,852 --> 00:05:45,350 for the existence of intelligent life-forms 94 00:05:45,375 --> 00:05:48,812 elsewhere in the universe, why haven't we encountered them? 95 00:05:49,961 --> 00:05:52,272 If there are so many other planets out there, 96 00:05:52,297 --> 00:05:53,985 and if the chance for 97 00:05:54,019 --> 00:05:55,954 intelligent life out there is high, 98 00:05:56,429 --> 00:05:58,148 why hasn't anyone visited us? 99 00:05:59,320 --> 00:06:01,427 The human race should be typical 100 00:06:01,459 --> 00:06:04,279 of what intelligent life is like in the rest of the cosmos. 101 00:06:04,601 --> 00:06:07,665 Plus the cosmos is much older than the human race. 102 00:06:08,351 --> 00:06:11,273 We tend to expand into all possible living spaces. 103 00:06:11,452 --> 00:06:15,022 Intelligent life in the rest of the universe should probably act like that, too. 104 00:06:15,452 --> 00:06:17,975 People like us should be filling the cosmos. 105 00:06:18,413 --> 00:06:21,879 Everywhere we point a radio telescope we should be picking up noise. 106 00:06:22,225 --> 00:06:23,873 Instead, there's nothing. 107 00:06:27,100 --> 00:06:29,555 While radio telescopes have yet to pick up 108 00:06:29,588 --> 00:06:32,524 a transmission from other intelligent beings 109 00:06:32,557 --> 00:06:36,138 in the universe, ancient astronaut theorists propose 110 00:06:36,163 --> 00:06:38,663 that contact has, in fact, 111 00:06:39,468 --> 00:06:42,680 already taken place. And evidence of this 112 00:06:42,743 --> 00:06:45,020 can be found throughout the world. 113 00:06:46,493 --> 00:06:50,712 The question "where are they?" should be answered with: 114 00:06:50,868 --> 00:06:53,547 "Look at the ancient astronaut theory," 115 00:06:54,233 --> 00:06:56,733 because we are suggesting 116 00:06:56,915 --> 00:06:59,136 that there is evidence 117 00:06:59,194 --> 00:07:02,002 that goes back thousands of years 118 00:07:02,748 --> 00:07:07,070 by the stories that we have of gods 119 00:07:07,334 --> 00:07:10,194 lowercase "G" descending from the sky. 120 00:07:10,311 --> 00:07:13,045 It doesn't matter on what continent. 121 00:07:13,139 --> 00:07:16,285 Every single continent was visited. 122 00:07:18,053 --> 00:07:20,317 I would say that the evidence is there 123 00:07:20,342 --> 00:07:23,466 and it's all around us, whether it's in 124 00:07:23,608 --> 00:07:27,772 megalithic sites that are aligned to constellations, 125 00:07:28,680 --> 00:07:32,121 such as the Great Serpent Mound in Ohio. 126 00:07:34,019 --> 00:07:36,329 Even the pyramids at Giza. 127 00:07:38,271 --> 00:07:41,972 And even stories of beings coming down in spaceships, 128 00:07:41,997 --> 00:07:43,504 interacting with people. 129 00:07:43,529 --> 00:07:44,997 Evidence is overwhelming 130 00:07:45,240 --> 00:07:48,265 that there are extraterrestrials all over the universe, 131 00:07:48,290 --> 00:07:49,925 and that they're coming here. 132 00:07:52,557 --> 00:07:55,056 According to ancient astronaut theorists, 133 00:07:55,087 --> 00:07:58,712 one of the earliest and most compelling pieces of evidence 134 00:07:58,986 --> 00:08:03,219 to support the notion that extraterrestrials have, in fact, 135 00:08:03,244 --> 00:08:05,867 visited Earth, can be found 136 00:08:05,892 --> 00:08:08,314 with an ancient Sumerian cylindrical seal 137 00:08:08,392 --> 00:08:10,989 known as VA243. 138 00:08:12,837 --> 00:08:16,198 Author Zecharia Sitchin was the first to suggest 139 00:08:16,346 --> 00:08:17,799 that on this seal, 140 00:08:17,830 --> 00:08:21,908 which is estimated to be at least 4,500 years old, 141 00:08:22,151 --> 00:08:24,960 is a depiction of our solar system. 142 00:08:27,013 --> 00:08:28,513 You can see in the seal that there's 143 00:08:28,538 --> 00:08:30,796 a whole complete model of the solar system 144 00:08:30,966 --> 00:08:33,578 accurately being displayed with the sun in the center. 145 00:08:34,583 --> 00:08:37,581 Now, till the time of Copernicus and Galileo, 146 00:08:37,615 --> 00:08:39,950 no one knew that we actually orbited the sun, 147 00:08:39,989 --> 00:08:44,123 so the only explanation is someone who had this knowledge gave it to humanity, 148 00:08:44,458 --> 00:08:47,158 and that there has been extraterrestrial presence 149 00:08:47,192 --> 00:08:49,351 in interaction with people in the past. 150 00:08:49,376 --> 00:08:51,347 And we see this across the globe. 151 00:08:54,700 --> 00:08:56,132 Throughout the world, 152 00:08:56,157 --> 00:08:59,190 ancient cultures have told stories of gods 153 00:08:59,215 --> 00:09:01,724 descended from specific star systems. 154 00:09:02,754 --> 00:09:05,160 The Maya associated their gods 155 00:09:05,308 --> 00:09:07,005 with the Pleiades star cluster, 156 00:09:07,839 --> 00:09:11,296 as did the Native Americans, hundreds of miles away. 157 00:09:13,087 --> 00:09:16,104 The Dogon tribe and the ancient Egyptians 158 00:09:16,151 --> 00:09:19,094 believed their gods came from the star Sirius. 159 00:09:22,726 --> 00:09:26,261 In old Egypt, we have, for example, Osiris, 160 00:09:26,728 --> 00:09:28,259 who comes from Orion. 161 00:09:29,591 --> 00:09:31,954 Osiris was married to Isis. 162 00:09:32,216 --> 00:09:34,934 Isis comes from the star of Sirius. 163 00:09:35,106 --> 00:09:38,120 These extraterrestrials, the so-called gods, 164 00:09:38,145 --> 00:09:41,733 they pointed up to the sky and said, "Look, this is our home." 165 00:09:45,452 --> 00:09:48,200 Is it possible that there are intelligent beings 166 00:09:48,225 --> 00:09:51,322 inhabiting other planets within our solar system, 167 00:09:52,272 --> 00:09:54,852 as ancient astronaut theorists contend? 168 00:09:55,748 --> 00:09:58,443 If so, could they have once sought out Earth 169 00:09:58,621 --> 00:10:01,842 as we now seek other habitable planets? 170 00:10:03,701 --> 00:10:06,434 Perhaps further evidence will be revealed 171 00:10:06,561 --> 00:10:09,867 with our plans to colonize Mars. 172 00:10:13,505 --> 00:10:16,068 Spring 2013. 173 00:10:17,311 --> 00:10:20,341 The Mars One project solicits candidates 174 00:10:20,366 --> 00:10:22,744 for their proposed settlement on Mars. 175 00:10:24,108 --> 00:10:26,557 Over 200,000 people apply 176 00:10:26,846 --> 00:10:29,380 for the chance to be the first humans 177 00:10:29,405 --> 00:10:31,260 to colonize the Red Planet. 178 00:10:31,494 --> 00:10:33,831 Only 24 will be selected. 179 00:10:34,462 --> 00:10:36,993 None are expected to return. 180 00:10:39,353 --> 00:10:42,129 The Mars One mission is a very ambitious mission. 181 00:10:42,423 --> 00:10:45,733 They've canvassed the whole world's aerospace contractors 182 00:10:46,501 --> 00:10:49,203 and tried to make heavy use of the experience 183 00:10:49,228 --> 00:10:51,970 on the space station, where they've made living modules. 184 00:10:52,337 --> 00:10:56,634 Those same modules can be brought to Mars and support human life. 185 00:10:58,587 --> 00:11:01,033 Scientists are testing working models 186 00:11:01,058 --> 00:11:03,051 of living quarters for Mars, 187 00:11:03,254 --> 00:11:05,870 such as NASA's Deep Space Habitat. 188 00:11:07,292 --> 00:11:09,612 Engineers designed these pods 189 00:11:09,729 --> 00:11:13,061 to be constructed remotely, before humans arrive. 190 00:11:14,909 --> 00:11:18,765 Once built, the habitats will supply oxygen and water 191 00:11:19,092 --> 00:11:21,166 and minimize the harmful effects 192 00:11:21,291 --> 00:11:24,084 of atmospheric radiation to humans. 193 00:11:25,855 --> 00:11:27,942 Yet even these engineering feats 194 00:11:28,245 --> 00:11:30,510 won't allow humans to live on Mars 195 00:11:30,538 --> 00:11:32,520 for extended periods of time. 196 00:11:37,951 --> 00:11:39,854 We have tried experiments 197 00:11:40,014 --> 00:11:44,031 with actually making a survivable environment in a pod, 198 00:11:44,691 --> 00:11:47,327 and it seems to be very, very hard to do 199 00:11:47,467 --> 00:11:48,895 for a very long scale. 200 00:11:49,761 --> 00:11:53,181 If we want long-term habitation on Mars 201 00:11:53,206 --> 00:11:54,769 and colonization of Mars, 202 00:11:54,956 --> 00:11:56,962 personally, I vote for terraforming. 203 00:12:01,019 --> 00:12:03,150 Terraforming is the process 204 00:12:03,175 --> 00:12:06,648 of turning an environment unsuitable for human habitation 205 00:12:07,066 --> 00:12:09,595 into one that mankind can live in. 206 00:12:11,385 --> 00:12:14,744 Scientists are currently researching the various ways 207 00:12:15,035 --> 00:12:18,260 we might someday terraform an entire planet. 208 00:12:18,931 --> 00:12:20,945 When you think about terraforming Mars, 209 00:12:20,970 --> 00:12:23,637 the key, really, is getting a dense atmosphere 210 00:12:23,830 --> 00:12:27,438 that forms protection from the radiation from the sun, 211 00:12:27,610 --> 00:12:29,903 makes the temperature really high enough, 212 00:12:30,197 --> 00:12:33,038 and gets things going with plant life and oxygen. 213 00:12:33,564 --> 00:12:36,717 So one question is, where do you get that denser atmosphere? 214 00:12:36,858 --> 00:12:38,129 Couple of options: 215 00:12:38,154 --> 00:12:41,680 There is various amounts of gases trapped in the polar caps, 216 00:12:42,816 --> 00:12:45,851 so you can imagine melting those, releasing the gas. 217 00:12:48,281 --> 00:12:49,923 Terraforming another planet 218 00:12:49,956 --> 00:12:52,970 is a very, very long-term prospect. 219 00:12:53,426 --> 00:12:55,282 Now, if we were going to terraform Mars 220 00:12:55,307 --> 00:12:58,479 to make it more Earth-like, we can think of ways of doing that. 221 00:12:58,627 --> 00:13:00,205 We can seed it with microbes 222 00:13:00,306 --> 00:13:03,499 that might produce a thicker atmosphere. 223 00:13:04,103 --> 00:13:07,361 You can dramatically modify conditions on a planet 224 00:13:07,392 --> 00:13:08,809 by suitable intervention, 225 00:13:09,046 --> 00:13:11,663 and Mars would seem to be a good one to do it for. 226 00:13:11,778 --> 00:13:13,780 Mars was once much more Earth-like. 227 00:13:13,813 --> 00:13:15,749 Perhaps we could bring it back, 228 00:13:15,849 --> 00:13:17,484 make it more Earth-like again. 229 00:13:18,546 --> 00:13:20,345 Earth's early atmosphere 230 00:13:20,370 --> 00:13:22,389 and Mars' present atmosphere, 231 00:13:22,499 --> 00:13:24,624 in composition, are very similar. 232 00:13:25,155 --> 00:13:27,194 Earth had a lot of water vapor, 233 00:13:27,499 --> 00:13:29,699 nitrogen, and carbon dioxide. 234 00:13:30,624 --> 00:13:33,001 That's what Mars' atmosphere consists of. 235 00:13:37,166 --> 00:13:39,728 Ancient astronaut theorists propose 236 00:13:39,822 --> 00:13:42,909 that if humans are planning to one day give Mars 237 00:13:42,942 --> 00:13:44,423 a breathable atmosphere, 238 00:13:45,001 --> 00:13:48,336 extraterrestrials may have done the same thing with Earth, 239 00:13:48,554 --> 00:13:50,292 millions of years ago. 240 00:13:52,422 --> 00:13:55,990 There's a distinct possibility that the Earth could've been terraformed. 241 00:13:56,828 --> 00:13:59,788 When you look at the development of Earth, what you see is that, 242 00:13:59,975 --> 00:14:04,497 at every stage, the planet got exactly what it seemed to need 243 00:14:04,686 --> 00:14:07,726 to develop into this beautiful blue world that we live on. 244 00:14:08,498 --> 00:14:12,472 When we needed oxygen, there was bacteria introduced into the ecosystem 245 00:14:12,677 --> 00:14:14,927 that actually sucked up carbon dioxide 246 00:14:15,028 --> 00:14:17,789 and methane gas and-and pumped out oxygen. 247 00:14:19,145 --> 00:14:20,847 We're looking at what Mars is, 248 00:14:20,880 --> 00:14:23,116 and we're thinking of trying to build an atmosphere 249 00:14:23,149 --> 00:14:24,353 and everything else. 250 00:14:24,509 --> 00:14:27,149 And the first question you'd have to ask yourself is: 251 00:14:27,562 --> 00:14:30,632 Did extraterrestrials come here and do the same thing? 252 00:14:34,639 --> 00:14:36,185 But how did our planet, 253 00:14:36,271 --> 00:14:38,217 that was once devoid of oxygen, 254 00:14:38,737 --> 00:14:41,799 turn into the lush green world we know today? 255 00:14:44,136 --> 00:14:46,173 Scientists have struggled for years 256 00:14:46,302 --> 00:14:49,621 to discover just how Earth became habitable. 257 00:14:51,630 --> 00:14:54,340 There's always been a-a problem about life on Earth. 258 00:14:54,365 --> 00:14:55,980 Did it actually start here on Earth, 259 00:14:56,005 --> 00:14:57,690 or come here from somewhere else? 260 00:14:58,349 --> 00:15:01,855 There's no known transition from non-life to life 261 00:15:01,880 --> 00:15:03,323 that we can all agree on. 262 00:15:03,356 --> 00:15:06,258 Seeing as we don't know how life began, it's up for grabs. 263 00:15:07,559 --> 00:15:09,835 But we know, on Earth, it was microbes 264 00:15:09,860 --> 00:15:11,732 that made the oxygen atmosphere. 265 00:15:16,301 --> 00:15:18,139 Although scientists agree 266 00:15:18,171 --> 00:15:20,449 that Earth's oxygenated atmosphere 267 00:15:20,691 --> 00:15:23,889 most likely can be attributed to the presence of microbes, 268 00:15:24,991 --> 00:15:29,385 many theories exist as to where exactly these organisms came from. 269 00:15:31,069 --> 00:15:32,919 One intriguing speculation 270 00:15:32,952 --> 00:15:36,241 that has caught the attention of ancient astronaut theorists 271 00:15:36,663 --> 00:15:41,460 involves grooved metal balls called Klerksdorp spheres. 272 00:15:42,515 --> 00:15:44,950 These mysterious round objects 273 00:15:44,975 --> 00:15:48,335 were found scattered in mineral deposits in South Africa 274 00:15:48,718 --> 00:15:51,344 that date back 3 billion years. 275 00:15:53,028 --> 00:15:56,818 There are people that argue that these spheres are natural, 276 00:15:56,843 --> 00:15:59,787 but there's really no natural objects 277 00:15:59,812 --> 00:16:01,744 that bear any resemblance to them at all. 278 00:16:02,702 --> 00:16:05,833 And the fact that they're buried in rock that is so old indicates 279 00:16:05,858 --> 00:16:08,781 that somebody sort of scattered them throughout the planet. 280 00:16:09,561 --> 00:16:13,554 They appear to be metallic, constructed spheres 281 00:16:13,632 --> 00:16:16,405 in which you could have placed bacterial life 282 00:16:16,640 --> 00:16:19,622 that would definitely have been able to then spill out 283 00:16:19,647 --> 00:16:22,421 into the ecosystem, multiply, divide, 284 00:16:22,999 --> 00:16:24,889 and change the environment, 285 00:16:25,038 --> 00:16:27,983 exactly as we're proposing to do on the planet Mars. 286 00:16:29,367 --> 00:16:33,101 We might say that this is just a natural occurring thing on Earth, 287 00:16:33,695 --> 00:16:36,520 but this may be evidence that Earth was seeded 288 00:16:36,590 --> 00:16:40,557 by some kind of bacteria or microbes brought here 289 00:16:40,986 --> 00:16:43,910 and what we have today has been purposely created 290 00:16:44,246 --> 00:16:47,679 by beings with tremendous powers and knowledge. 291 00:16:53,447 --> 00:16:55,415 Did extraterrestrial beings 292 00:16:55,455 --> 00:16:57,370 introduce organisms to Earth 293 00:16:57,674 --> 00:16:59,048 that started life, 294 00:16:59,246 --> 00:17:02,663 just as humans may someday do to Mars? 295 00:17:04,074 --> 00:17:06,840 If so, could our ancestral origin 296 00:17:06,980 --> 00:17:10,365 actually come from another planet in the galaxy? 297 00:17:11,972 --> 00:17:14,627 The answer may be right in front of us, 298 00:17:15,032 --> 00:17:17,015 lying within the physiology 299 00:17:18,093 --> 00:17:19,903 of our own bodies. 300 00:17:28,000 --> 00:17:30,368 Tell al-Uhaymir, Iraq. 301 00:17:31,447 --> 00:17:35,463 Here, in what was once the ancient Sumerian city of Kish, 302 00:17:35,666 --> 00:17:39,764 archaeologists unearthed the world's oldest written document. 303 00:17:41,574 --> 00:17:45,184 The Kish tablet dates to 3,500 BC, 304 00:17:45,480 --> 00:17:49,031 and is believed to pre-date both the Sumerian cuneiform 305 00:17:49,477 --> 00:17:51,407 and Egyptian hieroglyphic writing 306 00:17:51,552 --> 00:17:53,859 by nearly a hundred years. 307 00:17:55,539 --> 00:17:58,128 Developing the ability to express thoughts 308 00:17:58,163 --> 00:18:01,520 through written language is one of the first ways 309 00:18:01,545 --> 00:18:03,794 in which man separated itself 310 00:18:03,819 --> 00:18:05,927 from the rest of the animal kingdom. 311 00:18:06,889 --> 00:18:09,007 In the 5,000 years since, 312 00:18:09,264 --> 00:18:11,441 humans have harnessed electricity, 313 00:18:12,605 --> 00:18:13,998 split the atom, 314 00:18:15,061 --> 00:18:16,623 developed computers, 315 00:18:17,780 --> 00:18:20,103 and placed a man on the Moon. 316 00:18:20,742 --> 00:18:22,487 No other species on Earth 317 00:18:22,819 --> 00:18:24,923 can claim such unique achievements 318 00:18:25,118 --> 00:18:27,087 in such a short span of time. 319 00:18:28,630 --> 00:18:31,801 In comparison to other animals, our evolution is pretty brief. 320 00:18:32,013 --> 00:18:35,425 It's been a fairly short time, only a couple of million years, probably, 321 00:18:35,450 --> 00:18:36,809 since the first hominids. 322 00:18:37,755 --> 00:18:41,430 One of the great scientific questions is why is it our species 323 00:18:42,106 --> 00:18:44,343 uniquely arose into this 324 00:18:44,375 --> 00:18:48,323 truly advanced technological intelligence that we have. 325 00:18:49,074 --> 00:18:52,714 Clearly, there's nothing else on planet Earth that is like us. 326 00:18:52,916 --> 00:18:55,494 There are many intelligences, but nothing 327 00:18:55,519 --> 00:18:58,597 is wielding technology to the extent that we do. 328 00:18:59,522 --> 00:19:02,223 If we just had to sort of go back to the jungle, 329 00:19:02,248 --> 00:19:04,513 the proverbial jungle, and just survive, 330 00:19:04,615 --> 00:19:07,281 most of us wouldn't really live for very long. 331 00:19:07,799 --> 00:19:10,068 Human beings, apart from their intelligence, 332 00:19:10,115 --> 00:19:13,172 uh, really are not very well-suited 333 00:19:13,203 --> 00:19:15,840 to occupying a wide range of environments. 334 00:19:17,166 --> 00:19:19,943 In addition to our incredible intelligence, 335 00:19:20,255 --> 00:19:23,442 biologists have also noted contrasts 336 00:19:23,620 --> 00:19:26,595 between human physiology and other animals. 337 00:19:27,494 --> 00:19:30,189 Compared to other animals, I think we're a little odd. 338 00:19:30,221 --> 00:19:32,344 A baby horse is born, for instance, it's able 339 00:19:32,369 --> 00:19:35,670 to walk around and do its own thing, like, immediately. 340 00:19:35,992 --> 00:19:38,779 The same is certainly not true of a... of a human infant. 341 00:19:38,864 --> 00:19:40,341 We are pretty helpless. 342 00:19:40,366 --> 00:19:43,403 We're born before we're quite neurologically cooked. 343 00:19:43,888 --> 00:19:47,504 There are many vulnerabilities which go alongside 344 00:19:47,529 --> 00:19:50,731 our much-vaunted intelligence. 345 00:19:52,200 --> 00:19:55,222 We became bipeds and that freed up our forelimbs 346 00:19:55,247 --> 00:19:58,345 to be able to manipulate objects, make tools and so on. 347 00:19:59,392 --> 00:20:03,867 But it comes at a price, because we've got these back problems. 348 00:20:04,923 --> 00:20:09,649 Lower back pain is something that is virtually unknown in other primate species, 349 00:20:10,032 --> 00:20:13,932 whereas it's something that is very common in contemporary humans. 350 00:20:15,900 --> 00:20:20,222 In 2013, ecologist Dr. Ellis Silver 351 00:20:20,448 --> 00:20:23,971 set forth in his book Humans Are Not From Earth 352 00:20:24,057 --> 00:20:27,018 a possible theory to explain why humans 353 00:20:27,276 --> 00:20:30,565 seem so evolutionarily unsuited to the planet. 354 00:20:31,510 --> 00:20:34,908 Dr. Ellis Silver developed an idea that perhaps the human race 355 00:20:34,933 --> 00:20:38,021 did not actually naturally evolve here on the Earth, 356 00:20:38,083 --> 00:20:39,481 but somewhere else. 357 00:20:40,051 --> 00:20:41,894 Silver's book raises a lot 358 00:20:41,925 --> 00:20:44,372 of very provocative and intriguing questions. 359 00:20:44,700 --> 00:20:46,669 For example, why is it 360 00:20:46,700 --> 00:20:49,862 that we get cataracts from the sun? 361 00:20:50,442 --> 00:20:53,928 Why is it that the sun seems to hurt us if we go out for too long? 362 00:20:54,692 --> 00:20:57,800 So Dr. Silver suggests that we might've come from a planet 363 00:20:57,825 --> 00:20:59,639 with different solar exposure. 364 00:21:00,731 --> 00:21:03,182 We also have 223 genes 365 00:21:03,213 --> 00:21:05,143 that appear in human DNA 366 00:21:05,348 --> 00:21:08,990 that do not appear in any other species on Earth, 367 00:21:09,119 --> 00:21:12,391 suggesting, again, that there's something unusual about us. 368 00:21:13,658 --> 00:21:16,868 They've discovered that astronauts, when they're in space, 369 00:21:16,893 --> 00:21:20,962 their circadian rhythms actually change from 24 hours 370 00:21:21,097 --> 00:21:23,067 like we have when we're here on Earth 371 00:21:23,150 --> 00:21:26,481 to 24.9 hours, which is the exact circadian rhythm 372 00:21:26,506 --> 00:21:29,176 or the exact length of a Martian day, 373 00:21:29,747 --> 00:21:31,215 not an Earth day. 374 00:21:32,700 --> 00:21:36,122 The patterns of who we are as human beings 375 00:21:36,223 --> 00:21:39,483 doesn't fit into some of the other creatures that are on this planet. 376 00:21:39,871 --> 00:21:41,957 Dr. Silver, his theory was 377 00:21:42,192 --> 00:21:45,302 that we were either brought here or seeded here, 378 00:21:45,476 --> 00:21:48,617 but clearly of an extraterrestrial origin. 379 00:21:49,773 --> 00:21:52,985 We are, in a sense, transplanted here 380 00:21:53,396 --> 00:21:55,813 from some other solar system. 381 00:21:56,763 --> 00:21:59,971 And Neanderthals were already here 382 00:22:00,294 --> 00:22:03,026 and we are a cross-bred... 383 00:22:03,978 --> 00:22:05,599 part-alien race 384 00:22:05,704 --> 00:22:08,656 that's part Neanderthal and part extraterrestrial. 385 00:22:10,040 --> 00:22:14,493 Might Dr. Silver's observations of human physiology be proof 386 00:22:14,923 --> 00:22:17,185 that we are a hybrid species, 387 00:22:18,034 --> 00:22:21,343 one whose origin comes from a celestial place? 388 00:22:21,987 --> 00:22:24,610 Ancient astronaut theorists say yes, 389 00:22:24,823 --> 00:22:27,131 and claim further evidence can be found 390 00:22:27,268 --> 00:22:30,271 in the narratives of numerous religions. 391 00:22:33,343 --> 00:22:37,241 Brigham Young, one of the most important leaders of the Mormon religion, 392 00:22:38,398 --> 00:22:42,280 proposed that the biblical Adam was not created on Earth, 393 00:22:42,585 --> 00:22:45,165 but was born to parents on another world 394 00:22:45,389 --> 00:22:47,351 and then was brought to our planet. 395 00:22:48,857 --> 00:22:52,457 In the Zohar, the primary text of Jewish mysticism, 396 00:22:52,826 --> 00:22:54,869 a similar story is told. 397 00:22:55,741 --> 00:22:59,005 Adam actually had parents. 398 00:22:59,099 --> 00:23:01,319 A mother and a father. 399 00:23:01,522 --> 00:23:04,014 And that God took Adam 400 00:23:04,269 --> 00:23:06,862 from whatever place that he came from 401 00:23:07,081 --> 00:23:08,906 we don't understand what that is, 402 00:23:08,941 --> 00:23:11,794 another dimension, another world, we don't know. 403 00:23:12,277 --> 00:23:13,882 We are half physical 404 00:23:14,011 --> 00:23:17,095 and we are half something much greater. 405 00:23:17,480 --> 00:23:21,503 Celestial, extraterrestrial, divine. 406 00:23:23,306 --> 00:23:25,751 According to the ancient astronaut theory, 407 00:23:25,876 --> 00:23:29,442 we were created in the image of the gods 408 00:23:29,845 --> 00:23:32,063 and those stories are reflected 409 00:23:32,096 --> 00:23:34,294 in all of our ancient legends. 410 00:23:34,397 --> 00:23:38,403 For example, the Native American culture clearly states 411 00:23:38,885 --> 00:23:41,906 that our entire planet was seeded. 412 00:23:42,690 --> 00:23:44,563 In the ancient American world, 413 00:23:44,588 --> 00:23:48,643 part of their core belief system is that they may not have originated on Earth. 414 00:23:49,478 --> 00:23:51,727 We know that the Hopi, for example, 415 00:23:51,752 --> 00:23:54,185 believed that they were brought to the Earth 416 00:23:54,219 --> 00:23:57,343 by star people from the Orion system. 417 00:23:58,442 --> 00:24:02,428 Is it really possible that our origins are not entirely 418 00:24:02,692 --> 00:24:04,063 from this planet? 419 00:24:04,096 --> 00:24:06,455 And if so, does this explain 420 00:24:06,518 --> 00:24:09,952 why we are drawn to the search for an other Earth? 421 00:24:10,947 --> 00:24:12,637 Perhaps the answers lie 422 00:24:12,884 --> 00:24:15,896 in ancient tales told across the world 423 00:24:16,107 --> 00:24:19,436 of a paradise lost forever. 424 00:24:22,500 --> 00:24:24,967 In October of 2018, 425 00:24:27,237 --> 00:24:29,355 the James Webb Space Telescope 426 00:24:29,638 --> 00:24:32,142 the most powerful telescope ever built 427 00:24:32,465 --> 00:24:34,644 will take its place in the cosmos, 428 00:24:36,262 --> 00:24:38,715 nearly one million miles from Earth. 429 00:24:40,738 --> 00:24:44,727 It is just the latest tool in our endless pursuit of locating 430 00:24:44,774 --> 00:24:46,584 another habitable planet. 431 00:24:48,579 --> 00:24:50,369 Since Galileo Galilei 432 00:24:50,593 --> 00:24:53,979 first aimed a telescope skyward in 1609, 433 00:24:55,406 --> 00:24:58,736 billions of dollars and countless resources 434 00:24:58,769 --> 00:25:01,476 have been spent on humanity's search 435 00:25:01,738 --> 00:25:03,085 for an other Earth. 436 00:25:04,570 --> 00:25:08,595 It is more than a search for intelligent life in the universe. 437 00:25:09,893 --> 00:25:11,899 The quest to explore the universe 438 00:25:11,924 --> 00:25:15,400 is nothing less than our longing for transcendence. 439 00:25:15,502 --> 00:25:17,119 It is a search for meaning. 440 00:25:17,153 --> 00:25:20,124 It is a search for what is beyond our understanding. 441 00:25:21,729 --> 00:25:24,143 Could there also be a yearning 442 00:25:24,168 --> 00:25:26,930 and a longing for some other planet 443 00:25:27,354 --> 00:25:28,732 that we came from? 444 00:25:29,049 --> 00:25:31,408 And so when we look up at the stars, there's this 445 00:25:31,471 --> 00:25:34,037 genetic beckoning that we feel 446 00:25:34,124 --> 00:25:35,659 to want to explore, 447 00:25:35,892 --> 00:25:38,346 to want to find out what happened to us. 448 00:25:38,705 --> 00:25:40,109 How did we end up here? 449 00:25:41,494 --> 00:25:45,834 Is it possible that our attempt to locate life on other planets 450 00:25:46,337 --> 00:25:49,327 is, in fact, a quest to locate 451 00:25:49,352 --> 00:25:51,795 our extraterrestrial origins, 452 00:25:52,022 --> 00:25:54,862 as ancient astronaut theorists propose? 453 00:25:55,758 --> 00:25:59,095 If so, is this drive deeply ingrained 454 00:25:59,128 --> 00:26:00,870 in our genetic memory? 455 00:26:02,270 --> 00:26:06,340 In many ways, it's like finding the Garden of Eden, where we came from. 456 00:26:06,668 --> 00:26:09,324 And perhaps the Garden of Eden was on another planet, 457 00:26:09,840 --> 00:26:13,745 and this is part of our own DNA, 458 00:26:13,770 --> 00:26:16,303 to find out where we came from. 459 00:26:19,284 --> 00:26:21,190 The tale of a lost paradise 460 00:26:21,253 --> 00:26:24,210 is among the most enduring myths in the world. 461 00:26:25,182 --> 00:26:29,370 Celtic legends speak of the mysterious Island of Avalon 462 00:26:29,654 --> 00:26:32,625 that required supernatural transport to visit. 463 00:26:33,322 --> 00:26:35,865 The Buddhist and Hindu traditions tell 464 00:26:35,897 --> 00:26:38,272 of the forbidden land of Shambhala. 465 00:26:39,290 --> 00:26:40,837 And in the Taoist tradition, 466 00:26:40,986 --> 00:26:43,907 they refer to various celestial paradises 467 00:26:44,099 --> 00:26:45,869 where the immortals reside. 468 00:26:46,537 --> 00:26:48,320 In the Taoist tradition, there's a belief 469 00:26:48,344 --> 00:26:50,747 that, um, immortals who ascend 470 00:26:50,780 --> 00:26:53,317 to these paradises and to heavens, 471 00:26:53,349 --> 00:26:55,547 they can actually be demoted 472 00:26:55,664 --> 00:26:59,033 for bad behavior or misconduct, and banished. 473 00:26:59,888 --> 00:27:03,544 And when they are banished, they are banished, typically, back to Earth. 474 00:27:07,505 --> 00:27:09,550 Might the cross-cultural stories 475 00:27:09,575 --> 00:27:14,283 of a utopian world be not mythology, but actual history? 476 00:27:15,317 --> 00:27:17,089 Could these stories be evidence 477 00:27:17,340 --> 00:27:20,313 that life came to Earth from another planet? 478 00:27:21,491 --> 00:27:24,317 Ancient astronaut theorists say yes, 479 00:27:24,937 --> 00:27:27,975 and suggest that further proof may be found 480 00:27:28,351 --> 00:27:32,848 in the historical records of a tiny farming town in England. 481 00:27:35,851 --> 00:27:37,127 Woolpit Village. 482 00:27:37,160 --> 00:27:39,201 The 12th century AD. 483 00:27:41,931 --> 00:27:44,366 Two small children mysteriously appear 484 00:27:44,400 --> 00:27:46,201 near the opening of a cave 485 00:27:46,879 --> 00:27:51,741 a boy and a girl speaking in a language that is indecipherable. 486 00:27:52,051 --> 00:27:55,204 But even more odd their skin is green. 487 00:27:56,918 --> 00:28:00,293 The farmers in the area who were harvesting vegetables 488 00:28:00,318 --> 00:28:02,671 came upon these two children. 489 00:28:03,050 --> 00:28:04,921 Their skin was green, 490 00:28:05,332 --> 00:28:08,893 and their clothing was said to be made of a strange fabric. 491 00:28:08,925 --> 00:28:12,336 It was a fabric unfamiliar to the people who were describing them. 492 00:28:13,530 --> 00:28:17,803 The children are immediately whisked off and put into isolation 493 00:28:17,828 --> 00:28:20,498 from the rest of the village for several days, 494 00:28:20,670 --> 00:28:23,545 because no one is sure if they're actually human. 495 00:28:24,791 --> 00:28:28,543 The children said that they came from the land of Saint Martin, 496 00:28:29,345 --> 00:28:33,229 a land that was, in many ways, much like Earth. 497 00:28:33,837 --> 00:28:36,251 They described the place that they came from 498 00:28:36,285 --> 00:28:40,913 as not being as bright as our land is. 499 00:28:41,495 --> 00:28:44,359 There was no bright sun, there was no dark night, 500 00:28:44,519 --> 00:28:46,990 but it was a sort of twilit land 501 00:28:47,015 --> 00:28:50,315 with the sky the color of early evening. 502 00:28:52,202 --> 00:28:55,639 Prominent 12th century historian William of Newburgh 503 00:28:55,717 --> 00:28:58,468 included a detailed account of the Green Children 504 00:28:58,603 --> 00:29:02,336 in his major work, History of English Affairs. 505 00:29:03,673 --> 00:29:06,289 He noted that they eventually acclimated 506 00:29:06,314 --> 00:29:07,701 to their new environment. 507 00:29:08,470 --> 00:29:11,196 The children gradually became part of the community. 508 00:29:11,222 --> 00:29:14,532 The boy, the younger of the two children, died, 509 00:29:14,571 --> 00:29:17,772 but the girl survived, and there are some serious tracking 510 00:29:17,797 --> 00:29:19,496 of her descendants, indicating 511 00:29:19,529 --> 00:29:21,735 that she is a real person in history. 512 00:29:23,149 --> 00:29:25,234 Many theories have been proposed 513 00:29:25,311 --> 00:29:28,149 as to where exactly these children came from. 514 00:29:28,570 --> 00:29:31,065 The most popular theory seems to be 515 00:29:31,186 --> 00:29:33,232 that they came from another planet, 516 00:29:34,455 --> 00:29:36,195 a planet with a different type of orbit, 517 00:29:36,219 --> 00:29:38,154 a planet that was not exposed to the sun. 518 00:29:40,282 --> 00:29:42,247 Does the well-documented account 519 00:29:42,334 --> 00:29:45,388 of the Green Children of Woolpit give credence 520 00:29:45,421 --> 00:29:48,391 to the existence of another inhabited world 521 00:29:48,424 --> 00:29:50,019 separate from our own? 522 00:29:51,437 --> 00:29:54,312 Some ancient astronaut theorists suggest 523 00:29:54,463 --> 00:29:57,402 that another Earth may exist, not in space, 524 00:29:57,968 --> 00:30:00,002 but deep within the Earth, 525 00:30:00,889 --> 00:30:03,030 right under our feet. 526 00:30:08,032 --> 00:30:10,947 June 13, 2014. 527 00:30:12,017 --> 00:30:14,589 Scientists researching the Earth's mantle 528 00:30:14,985 --> 00:30:17,863 announce that they have found what they believe 529 00:30:18,156 --> 00:30:21,828 to be a vast body of water, three times the volume 530 00:30:21,853 --> 00:30:23,634 of all of our oceans combined, 531 00:30:24,172 --> 00:30:26,532 contained within a mineral layer 532 00:30:26,696 --> 00:30:29,489 400 miles inside the Earth. 533 00:30:30,649 --> 00:30:32,887 The discovery shakes the foundation 534 00:30:33,185 --> 00:30:35,955 of what scientists and scholars thought they knew 535 00:30:36,226 --> 00:30:38,589 about the ground under our feet. 536 00:30:39,194 --> 00:30:41,936 We have just scratched the surface of the Earth. 537 00:30:42,319 --> 00:30:44,727 We drilled down, like, eight miles, 538 00:30:44,752 --> 00:30:47,122 and we had to stop because it got too hot. 539 00:30:48,713 --> 00:30:50,616 Out of 4,000 miles 540 00:30:50,648 --> 00:30:53,985 basically to the core of the Earth we went down eight. 541 00:30:54,010 --> 00:30:55,296 That's nothing. 542 00:30:55,931 --> 00:31:00,107 We have more than 70 active space programs right now. 543 00:31:00,525 --> 00:31:02,966 We can tell you more about the surface of the Moon 544 00:31:03,322 --> 00:31:07,012 than we can the surface underneath our own oceans. 545 00:31:09,845 --> 00:31:13,838 Our scientific understanding of the internal structure of the Earth 546 00:31:14,212 --> 00:31:18,209 is primarily based on observations of seismic waves 547 00:31:18,242 --> 00:31:20,267 generated during earthquakes 548 00:31:21,120 --> 00:31:23,791 and knowledge of Earth's gravitation field. 549 00:31:25,003 --> 00:31:27,628 Since we have not actually drilled down far enough 550 00:31:27,653 --> 00:31:29,228 to confirm these findings, 551 00:31:29,985 --> 00:31:32,276 could it be that we may be wrong 552 00:31:32,316 --> 00:31:34,806 about the composition of our own Earth? 553 00:31:36,286 --> 00:31:39,760 Some ancient astronaut theorists say yes, 554 00:31:40,000 --> 00:31:43,703 and suggest that according to our earliest mythologies, 555 00:31:44,027 --> 00:31:47,181 an other Earth might not be found in the heavens, 556 00:31:47,597 --> 00:31:50,268 but deep within our own planet. 557 00:31:51,027 --> 00:31:53,809 One of the most consistent themes that we find 558 00:31:53,834 --> 00:31:56,096 in ancient cultures, when we travel around the world, 559 00:31:56,120 --> 00:31:59,805 is the idea that there is another world, 560 00:32:00,605 --> 00:32:02,840 another Earth, inside of the planet. 561 00:32:04,619 --> 00:32:06,416 One of those is the Maya tradition. 562 00:32:06,441 --> 00:32:09,202 They have a holy book called the Popol Vuh. 563 00:32:10,549 --> 00:32:13,450 Inside this book, it talks about two twin boys 564 00:32:13,475 --> 00:32:15,554 that came up out of the Earth, 565 00:32:16,103 --> 00:32:19,416 and were actually the first humans on the planet. 566 00:32:20,850 --> 00:32:23,379 And to this day, they still believe 567 00:32:23,404 --> 00:32:26,762 that life force comes from inside the planet, 568 00:32:26,787 --> 00:32:28,633 not from outside, in heaven. 569 00:32:29,708 --> 00:32:31,091 The Mayans have this, 570 00:32:31,302 --> 00:32:33,458 the Tibetans have this, 571 00:32:33,941 --> 00:32:36,043 the Hopi Indians have this. 572 00:32:37,036 --> 00:32:41,525 Within Buddhism, there's stories of a place called Agarta, or Agarte, 573 00:32:41,550 --> 00:32:43,175 which is an inner world. 574 00:32:43,347 --> 00:32:47,425 And it's inhabited, too, by people, and that they are an advanced race. 575 00:32:47,518 --> 00:32:50,907 And even that they have trains and vehicles 576 00:32:50,932 --> 00:32:54,426 that are moving through this inner Earth. 577 00:32:56,299 --> 00:33:00,315 The most ancient teachings share with us the shocking revelation 578 00:33:01,720 --> 00:33:05,637 that the Garden of Eden was on no place on the face of the Earth, 579 00:33:06,501 --> 00:33:09,931 but rather, the Earth is hollow, and that the Garden of Eden 580 00:33:11,321 --> 00:33:14,294 is an entire domain in inner Earth. 581 00:33:14,732 --> 00:33:16,937 So, are these stories literal? 582 00:33:18,344 --> 00:33:20,171 There are those who believe that they are. 583 00:33:21,607 --> 00:33:24,858 Is it possible that an other Earth can be located 584 00:33:24,984 --> 00:33:27,627 within the confines of our own planet? 585 00:33:28,737 --> 00:33:33,452 Historically, underground realms were not relegated to mere mythology. 586 00:33:34,619 --> 00:33:39,187 Well-respected scientists and mathematicians have long speculated 587 00:33:39,212 --> 00:33:42,692 about a theory that became known as Hollow Earth. 588 00:33:43,454 --> 00:33:46,645 The scientist Edmond Halley is most famous for Halley's Comet. 589 00:33:46,821 --> 00:33:48,993 He was also very interested in the Earth, 590 00:33:49,180 --> 00:33:51,850 and one of the challenges is, was trying to figure out 591 00:33:51,875 --> 00:33:54,358 what was the real structure of the inside of the Earth. 592 00:33:55,484 --> 00:33:58,304 He had a fascinating theory of not just a hollow Earth, 593 00:33:58,484 --> 00:34:02,349 but a Earth with multiple layers and many different atmospheres 594 00:34:02,374 --> 00:34:05,279 with many different layers of land and earth, 595 00:34:05,304 --> 00:34:08,540 circling and being concentric as you went towards the center. 596 00:34:10,623 --> 00:34:12,255 75 years later, 597 00:34:12,349 --> 00:34:15,746 18th century mathematician Leonhard Euler 598 00:34:15,771 --> 00:34:18,216 put forth his own Hollow Earth theory, 599 00:34:18,318 --> 00:34:20,122 with no concentric shells 600 00:34:20,216 --> 00:34:23,719 and a sun at the center, spanning 600 miles. 601 00:34:25,263 --> 00:34:27,614 Euler was a gifted mathematician. 602 00:34:27,669 --> 00:34:29,521 He developed this idea 603 00:34:29,810 --> 00:34:33,006 that the planet, Earth, is not only hollow 604 00:34:34,076 --> 00:34:36,463 but the poles are actually thinned. 605 00:34:36,857 --> 00:34:40,250 And there are actually entrances into the inner core 606 00:34:40,281 --> 00:34:42,599 at the North and South Poles of the Earth. 607 00:34:44,215 --> 00:34:48,041 He imagined that there were advanced civilizations living inside the planet. 608 00:34:49,761 --> 00:34:52,300 Ideas of an occupied Hollow Earth 609 00:34:52,379 --> 00:34:55,238 would be revisited nearly two centuries later, 610 00:34:55,269 --> 00:34:57,103 in 1947, 611 00:34:57,318 --> 00:35:00,770 when famous polar explorer Admiral Richard Byrd 612 00:35:00,902 --> 00:35:04,141 flew reconnaissance missions over the North Pole. 613 00:35:06,011 --> 00:35:09,527 Byrd allegedly reported in his private journal, 614 00:35:09,621 --> 00:35:12,707 about a mysterious land beyond the North Pole, 615 00:35:12,800 --> 00:35:16,151 which he called the Center of the Great Unknown. 616 00:35:17,370 --> 00:35:21,409 Admiral Richard Byrd was able to fly to the North Pole and back, 617 00:35:21,463 --> 00:35:25,843 and recorded flying over lush green areas where none should have been. 618 00:35:26,814 --> 00:35:29,720 And then, three years later, he flew over the South Pole. 619 00:35:30,228 --> 00:35:33,905 It's rumored that when Admiral Byrd's task force actually got to Antarctica, 620 00:35:33,930 --> 00:35:35,917 that one of the first things they discovered 621 00:35:36,267 --> 00:35:40,253 was an entrance into a Hollow Earth civilization 622 00:35:40,934 --> 00:35:44,039 that was populated by very, very advanced beings. 623 00:35:45,298 --> 00:35:48,960 Admiral Byrd made a lot of unusual statements, 624 00:35:49,249 --> 00:35:51,241 including talking about 625 00:35:51,445 --> 00:35:54,141 what he called a new kind of craft 626 00:35:54,305 --> 00:35:56,276 that could fly from pole to pole. 627 00:35:57,481 --> 00:36:01,481 This was reported in newspapers in Chile and Argentina 628 00:36:01,520 --> 00:36:04,076 and ultimately in English papers, too. 629 00:36:04,785 --> 00:36:07,236 And when Byrd got back to the United States, 630 00:36:07,261 --> 00:36:08,921 he was brought back to Washington, 631 00:36:08,954 --> 00:36:12,471 where he was questioned very heavily about his statements. 632 00:36:12,823 --> 00:36:16,758 And allegedly he was told to stop talking about this. 633 00:36:18,493 --> 00:36:21,547 Is it possible that entrances to another world 634 00:36:21,602 --> 00:36:24,055 can be found at the Earth's poles? 635 00:36:25,102 --> 00:36:26,452 And if so, 636 00:36:26,477 --> 00:36:29,840 did Admiral Byrd actually pass through one of them? 637 00:36:30,781 --> 00:36:33,547 According to some ancient astronaut theorists, 638 00:36:33,742 --> 00:36:36,124 such gateways do exist, 639 00:36:36,624 --> 00:36:38,843 but rather than leading to inner Earth, 640 00:36:38,898 --> 00:36:42,655 they may be portals to another dimension. 641 00:36:50,089 --> 00:36:52,248 Lively, Ontario, Canada. 642 00:36:57,080 --> 00:36:59,785 Just over one mile deep underground 643 00:37:00,385 --> 00:37:03,932 is one of the most isolated physics labs in the world, 644 00:37:08,474 --> 00:37:11,444 The facility was built deep within the Earth 645 00:37:11,696 --> 00:37:14,360 in order to block out cosmic radiation. 646 00:37:15,160 --> 00:37:17,759 This could allow scientists to possibly 647 00:37:17,784 --> 00:37:20,660 catch a glimpse of an element that they are confident 648 00:37:20,685 --> 00:37:23,019 exists throughout the cosmos, 649 00:37:23,644 --> 00:37:25,970 but have been unable to detect. 650 00:37:28,040 --> 00:37:31,176 Physicists claim that everything we can observe 651 00:37:31,209 --> 00:37:34,563 accounts for less than five percent of the universe. 652 00:37:35,245 --> 00:37:38,569 What constitutes the rest is completely unknown, 653 00:37:39,149 --> 00:37:42,118 but is thought to include a mysterious substance 654 00:37:42,393 --> 00:37:43,891 called dark matter. 655 00:37:46,190 --> 00:37:48,560 We know that most of the matter in the universe 656 00:37:48,593 --> 00:37:51,370 is not made of atoms or atomic nuclei. 657 00:37:51,395 --> 00:37:52,697 It's something else entirely. 658 00:37:54,129 --> 00:37:56,567 There's a long list of what dark matter might be, 659 00:37:56,690 --> 00:37:58,794 and some things we know about already, 660 00:37:58,835 --> 00:38:00,303 black holes, for example, 661 00:38:00,668 --> 00:38:03,201 that's making up part of the mass of the universe. 662 00:38:04,942 --> 00:38:06,707 If you look out in the solar system, 663 00:38:06,732 --> 00:38:10,369 you can see the orbits of various galaxies, universes, 664 00:38:10,731 --> 00:38:12,708 solar systems, planets, all of these, 665 00:38:12,763 --> 00:38:14,986 and you can map their orbits, and you realize 666 00:38:15,018 --> 00:38:17,627 that there's missing matter that you can't see through light. 667 00:38:17,651 --> 00:38:19,487 This is what we call dark matter. 668 00:38:23,168 --> 00:38:25,254 The existence of dark matter 669 00:38:25,300 --> 00:38:28,919 was not scientifically accepted until the 1980s. 670 00:38:31,996 --> 00:38:33,287 Since that time, 671 00:38:33,568 --> 00:38:36,011 many scientific speculations have been made 672 00:38:36,113 --> 00:38:37,888 as to its true nature. 673 00:38:39,394 --> 00:38:41,838 Theories range from it being the glue 674 00:38:41,863 --> 00:38:43,917 that holds together the visible universe 675 00:38:44,578 --> 00:38:47,514 to a shadow galaxy that contains within it 676 00:38:47,756 --> 00:38:49,391 a parallel universe. 677 00:38:51,740 --> 00:38:55,992 One theory is, is that, uh, the dark matter particles 678 00:38:56,715 --> 00:38:59,956 are particles that are not really part of this universe. 679 00:39:00,817 --> 00:39:03,444 These hidden dimensions somehow allows 680 00:39:03,469 --> 00:39:05,541 this dark matter to exist. 681 00:39:06,225 --> 00:39:07,763 It's like a secret room. 682 00:39:07,977 --> 00:39:09,794 You own a big mansion and it turns out 683 00:39:09,826 --> 00:39:12,621 there's a secret room in it and you just don't know where it is. 684 00:39:13,610 --> 00:39:16,234 Scientists are saying these higher dimensions 685 00:39:16,266 --> 00:39:18,481 may, in fact, coexist with our own 686 00:39:18,801 --> 00:39:22,688 and could, in fact, represent habitable layers of reality 687 00:39:23,164 --> 00:39:24,703 that are hidden from us 688 00:39:25,328 --> 00:39:28,901 a world that is outside of our physical ability to measure 689 00:39:29,281 --> 00:39:31,137 but that has people living in it. 690 00:39:31,349 --> 00:39:35,054 And those people could be coming and going to our reality all the time. 691 00:39:39,690 --> 00:39:41,859 Could an extraterrestrial world 692 00:39:41,893 --> 00:39:45,002 actually be located in a parallel universe, 693 00:39:45,232 --> 00:39:47,170 hidden within dark matter? 694 00:39:49,692 --> 00:39:53,059 If so, might our current scientific exploration 695 00:39:53,084 --> 00:39:55,655 of dark matter lead us to discover 696 00:39:56,007 --> 00:39:58,538 that we are not alone in the cosmos? 697 00:40:04,207 --> 00:40:07,645 But whether an other Earth exists in another dimension... 698 00:40:09,028 --> 00:40:10,665 under our feet... 699 00:40:11,756 --> 00:40:13,494 or in a distant galaxy 700 00:40:14,324 --> 00:40:17,750 what would its discovery mean for the future of humanity? 701 00:40:19,464 --> 00:40:22,525 If we were to discover the other Earth, 702 00:40:22,550 --> 00:40:25,364 the place we have sought, the missing world, 703 00:40:25,389 --> 00:40:27,829 it would be profoundly humbling. 704 00:40:29,920 --> 00:40:33,755 So this would be quite a paradigm shift. 705 00:40:33,802 --> 00:40:36,991 History would change in a very major way. 706 00:40:39,239 --> 00:40:43,283 If we were to find another planet with life on it, it would affirm 707 00:40:43,607 --> 00:40:46,427 what spiritual and sacred traditions have been saying: 708 00:40:46,973 --> 00:40:50,660 that we are, in fact, part of a larger family 709 00:40:50,955 --> 00:40:53,191 of, perhaps, other civilizations. 710 00:40:55,202 --> 00:40:57,452 We have this cosmic origin. 711 00:40:57,705 --> 00:41:01,366 We have this imprint within all of us 712 00:41:01,603 --> 00:41:04,363 that our origin is out there. 713 00:41:05,131 --> 00:41:07,897 If we discover intelligent life, 714 00:41:08,714 --> 00:41:10,675 the question we then have to ask, 715 00:41:11,021 --> 00:41:15,155 are those the same people that visited us in the past? 716 00:41:18,487 --> 00:41:20,901 Is mankind on the brink of uncovering 717 00:41:20,926 --> 00:41:24,719 definitive evidence that we are not alone? 718 00:41:25,941 --> 00:41:30,133 Will we learn that there is other intelligent life in the universe, 719 00:41:31,089 --> 00:41:35,145 perhaps far older and more advanced than humans? 720 00:41:35,739 --> 00:41:38,299 And might such a discovery force us 721 00:41:38,324 --> 00:41:41,978 to redefine everything we know about ourselves? 722 00:41:42,840 --> 00:41:44,625 Perhaps, one day soon, 723 00:41:44,795 --> 00:41:47,899 we will find that there is an other Earth 724 00:41:48,953 --> 00:41:52,100 and not just one, but thousands. 725 00:41:53,296 --> 00:41:57,896 Sync and corrected by minouhse www.addic7ed.com 59119

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