All language subtitles for Ancient Aliens - 12x06 - The Science Wars (HDTV-KILLERS, HDTV-AFG, HDTV-RMX, 720p-KILLERS).eng

JARED COLLINS:
I cannot wait to see this.

GIORGIO A. TSOUKALOS:
Pretty amazing.

COLLINS:
Waiting for a long time.

I mean, it's almost unheard of.

I have never seen one in person.

Wow.

Incredible.

That is freaky.

It's odd, right?

NARRATOR:
Are extraterrestrial artifacts

being dismissed by scholars?

TSOUKALOS:
This object had a date of

140 million years.

NARRATOR: Is our scientific
process flawed?

DAVID CHILDRESS: Scientists are
far too quick to put a period

at the end of the sentence
and this is a problem.

NARRATOR: Will we be forced
to rewrite our history books?

DAVID WILCOCK:
The findings are undeniable.

We are not alone.

Extraterrestrial,
human-like groups

have been visiting us all along.

Looks amazing.

* *

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NARRATOR:
New York City.

February 2017.

At New York University,
Giorgio Tsoukalos meets

with art collector Jared
Collins, who is in possession

of a 2,000-year-old
elongated skull.

TSOUKALOS: Oh.

Wow.

That is fantastic.

NARRATOR: The skull is
incredibly well-preserved

and Jared is having it tested
at the university to find out

if it might possibly contain
abnormalities that indicate

it is something
other than human.

He agreed to meet Giorgio
outside of the Anthropology Lab

for a first look at the skull.

So, how did this come to be
in your possession?

COLLINS:
Well, it's not actually mine.

It is on loan to me.

Me and one of my colleagues

contacted a museum
and we asked them,

"Do you have an elongated skull
in your collection?"

And they said they have
just one, this one.

TSOUKALOS: And have they
told you anything about it?

- COLLINS: Actually...
- TSOUKALOS: Like the provenance?

COLLINS:
Strangely,

this has been in storage
for decades.

They have never tested it.

They had very little
information on it.

They know it's
absolutely Paracas.

TSOUKALOS:
So, this skull was found

- in the Paracas region of Peru.
- That's right.

But no real modern testing
has ever been done on this.

Oh, this is amazing.

So, let's go, right?

Okay.

NARRATOR:
NYU Professor of Anthropology

Dr. Todd Disotell

agreed to conduct
a forensic evaluation

of the elongated skull.

I've seen casts;
I've never seen one in person.

- Okay.
- Wow.

That is... freaky.

I mean, I just can't come up
with another term.

I love that your first reaction
is that it's freaky,

'cause I agree with you.

Well, I mean, look at it.
That's...

TSOUKALOS:
It's-it's quite bizarre.

TODD DISOTELL:
I can see that

this is a relatively
young individual.

And how did you determine that,
for example?

Well, so, by looking
at the teeth.

We have some deciduous,
or some baby teeth, remaining.

It doesn't yet have
its third molar,

which typically comes in
around 18 years old or so.

So, I-I would guess that this

is somewhere maybe
12 to 14 years old.

Really?

DISOTELL: Um, let me just,
uh, move it over

- to the sterile bench surface.
- Mm-hmm.

DISOTELL: Wow.
So, it's very fascinating.

- Besides the shape.
- (all chuckle)

The sagittal suture

looks like it has
completely fused.

If it's an adolescent,
maybe 12 years old,

isn't that quite young
to have a-a fusion so...

DISOTELL:
It is, but...

- I'm holding it, I'm looking
at it. -COLLINS: Yeah, yeah.

DISOTELL: And it's just been
completely obliterated.

NARRATOR:
The sagittal suture is the seam

where the two parietal bones
of the skull come together.

Although the markings may be
faint due to fusing over time,

all human skulls are expected

to have some evidence
of this feature,

so it is curious
that this skull does not,

nor do the skulls of a number
of other mysterious specimens

that have been collected and
examined by various experts.

One of the great enigmas
of planet Earth

is that all over the world

we find skeletons with people

having these elongated skulls.

NARRATOR: For centuries, various
native cultures have engaged

in the ritual practice

of artificially
elongating their skulls

by tightly wrapping the heads of
their children through infancy.

However, these skulls
still feature evidence

of the cranial sutures.

CHILDRESS: You also have
the whole speculation

of why people were doing
the head binding

and the artificial
elongation anyway.

Why were they doing that?

They wanted to have
these elongated skulls

and to them
it represented the elite,

the gods, the rulers.

And you have to wonder if
there was a race here on Earth

with these elongated heads and
were they extraterrestrials?

Okay, let's move on

to extracting some tooth
and bone powder

to get DNA out of that.

- Okay. Excellent.
- Yeah.

NARRATOR:
In order to obtain

the needed genetic material
from the artifact,

Dr. Disotell will need to remove
a tooth and drill into it

to extract the samples.

The analysis of the material
will determine the sex,

ancestral lineage of both
the father and the mother,

and any DNA anomalies
when compared

with the current
human genetic database.

Looks pretty good.

So, we will pack this up
and send it off

and in four to six weeks,
they should have the result.

TSOUKALOS:
Four to six weeks, okay.

Thank you very much, really
appreciate your input on this.

- DISOTELL: Take care, gentlemen.
- You got it. -Thanks a lot.

NARRATOR: For hundreds of years,
researchers have been confronted

with numerous
scientific anomalies.

But traditional science
is often intolerant of evidence

that doesn't fit neatly
within accepted frameworks.

Because of these prejudices,

could we be missing
a greater truth

about mankind's origins?

TSOUKALOS: I think scientists
need to look at these things,

and instead of just dismissing
it offhand right away,

to be like, wait a second.

Maybe we are not the first.

Maybe another civilization
did exist.

Perhaps there is an
extraterrestrial connection.

Because clearly we have
a mystery there

and everybody's
looking the other way.

NARRATOR:
Glen Rose, Texas.

This rural, southern town

has a population of only 2,500,

but may hold one of the most

incredible archaeological
artifacts ever found.

At the Creation Evidence Museum

is an ancient hammer known
as the "London Artifact,"

named after
the central Texas town

where it was discovered in 1936.

The hammer itself was found
in the Travis Formation.

It's a concretion of sandstone.

And it usually takes about a 140
million years for this to form.

That would put it
at 140 million years old.

NARRATOR:
Mainstream scientists contend

that the first modern humans
emerged only 200,000 years ago.

But if so, how is it possible
that such an artifact exists?

The hammer was scientifically
analyzed in the 1980s

by two independent labs,

the Creation Science Foundation
based in Australia

and the Batelle Memorial
Laboratory in Columbus, Ohio.

Incredibly, both labs
concluded that the hammer

could indeed be
over 100 million years old.

Part of the handle, actually,

is starting to go through a
process called coalification.

It's where you have inorganic
material and organic material

changing into coal.

This is something that
just simply can't happen

in the span of, say,
a hundred years.

Like most people saying,
"Oh, this is nothing more

"than a hammer
that was left behind

by a would-be prospector
from the mid-1800s."

NARRATOR:
In addition to coalification,

the handle of the hammer
shows signs of petrification.

This process of the organic wood

being replaced
by mineral crystals

takes millions of years.

Test results concluded that
the material on the hammerhead

consisted of 96.6% iron,
2.6% chlorine

and less than one percent
sulfur.

Incredibly, this material
contained no carbon

to indicate
modern manufacturing.

JEFF WILLIAMS: When we were
making steel for tools,

part of the process
is to use a blast furnace

to remove carbon
out of it completely,

but we always have about point
two to two percent left over.

There's always a carbon
signature on our steel,

but there wasn't
any carbon whatsoever

that was found in this
particular material.

TSOUKALOS: This object may be
as old as 140 million years.

And obviously,
that's a crazy proposition

if you think that modern-day
archeology suggests

that we've only been around
for about 10,000 years,

you know, creating stuff
with our own hands.

So, this falls into the category

of out of place artifacts.

Artifacts that shouldn't exist.

NARRATOR: If the London Hammer
really dates back

to over 100 million years,
as the data suggests,

this find would have to
fundamentally reshape

our understanding of human
development on Planet Earth.

But ancient astronaut
theorists suggest

there is another,
much more substantial relic

of the ancient world
that is far older

than mainstream
archaeologists propose:

the Great Pyramid of Giza.

NARRATOR:
Giza, Egypt.

Here, on the west bank
of the Nile,

stands the oldest of the Seven
Wonders of the Ancient World:

the Great Pyramid.

According to accepted history,

the Great Pyramid was built
around 2500 BC

as a tomb
for the Pharaoh Khufu.

However, the dating
of the pyramid

and its association with Khufu

is based entirely on evidence
discovered in May of 1837

by British explorer
Richard Howard Vyse.

Colonel Vyse, um,
basically used, um, gunpowder...

NARRATOR: Since stone
cannot be carbon-dated,

and no other inscriptions,

except for the Pharaoh's
official monogram,

were found on the pyramid,

this date has stood
relatively unchallenged.

However, new evidence
that has been found

in Colonel Vyse's
personal journal

has researchers questioning
his discovery.

Some have even suggested

that he may have forged
the name of Khufu himself.

NARRATOR: After the
contradicting evidence

was exposed,

in 2014, two University of
Dresden archaeology students

smuggled a sample of the paint
used in the King Khufu markings

and had it analyzed
by a German laboratory.

The sample was too small
for radiocarbon dating,

but the technicians were able
to determine something shocking:

the pigment was not painted onto
the original limestone blocks,

but a later plaster repair.

This finding suggests that
the cartouche was not original

to the pyramid construction,
but added at a much later date.

Colonel Vyse had spent nearly
$1.3 million on his expedition

to uncover truths
about the Great Pyramid.

Is it possible that in his
desperation to find something,

he did the unthinkable and
forged the cartouche of Khufu

onto the chamber wall, thereby
establishing an inaccurate date

for the structure?

Interestingly,
this is not the only evidence

contradicting the dating
of the Pyramid

and the entire Giza Complex.

A seventh century BC text
known as the Inventory Stela,

unearthed by archaeologists
in 1858,

details repairs
made by Pharaoh Khufu,

including work on the Sphinx.

NARRATOR: Could the dating of
the entire Giza site be wrong?

In 1992, Boston University
geologist Robert Schoch

created a stir
among Egyptologists

when he suggested that, based
on the evidence of water erosion

at the Sphinx enclosure,

he would date the site
to approximately 10,500 BC.

SCHOCH: Immediately,
without even seeing my evidence,

they start going,
"It doesn't go back that far."

I was talking about
real evidence, real science,

which they simply did not
want to hear,

because it did not fit
their preconceptions.

NARRATOR:
Like the Sphinx,

is it possible that the Great
Pyramid is also far older

than Egyptologists
are willing to admit?

But if so, just who built it?

According to Arabian writers

Ibrahim al-Maqrizi,

the Great Pyramid
was not constructed by Khufu,

the Great Pyramid
was constructed

long before the Great Flood

by a king
with the name of Surid.

And then, the old
Arabian writers clearly say

Surid is the same figure which
the Hebrew society calls Enoch.

WILLIAM HENRY: Enoch was taken
up into the heavens

by the archangel Michael.

He was told by the angels
of a coming cataclysm

and he was instructed
to build the Great Pyramid

as a repository
for the knowledge

that he not only
learned in Heaven,

but all the earthly knowledge
as well.

Perhaps these were otherworldly
beings described as angels.

Maybe everything we know
about Egyptology is wrong.

And we have to go back and,
and open up our imagination

to the possibility
that there's another explanation

that in fact involves the
assistance of extraterrestrials

in the creation of
the Great Pyramid.

NARRATOR:
In November 2015,

researchers at Giza
scanned the Great Pyramid

using thermal cameras,

and found two anomalous areas.

They submitted a request
to the Department of Antiquities

to do a more
formal investigation

in hopes of locating
what they believe

might be hidden chambers.

As scientists continue to
discover new finds at the site,

might they stumble upon
the evidence

that supports
the ancient accounts?

After all,

this has happened before,

with the unearthing
of a once mythical land.

NARRATOR:
Hisarlik, Turkey. 1870.

This small village is the site

of one of the most sensational
discoveries of the 19th century:

the legendary city of Troy.

The city was the infamous
location for the Trojan War

described in the classic
Greek epic The Iliad.

Prior to its discovery

by amateur archaeologist
Heinrich Schliemann,

Troy was considered
to be a mythical location.

Heinrich Schliemann, a German
businessman and pioneer,

read Homer's Odyssey
and The Iliad

and he became convinced
that Troy existed

somewhere in Turkey, where
it's placed within the story.

So he went out to Turkey

and he asked
the locals out there

what they knew about
the legends.

And they eventually pointed him
in the direction

of a huge mound.

So here he dug,

and he found
the lost city of Troy itself.

NARRATOR:
In addition to Troy,

other cities that were
previously relegated

to the realm of mythology

have also been discovered
to be real.

The Mediterranean Sea.

2000.

A group of divers working off

the Egyptian coast
near Alexandria

discovered the submerged ruins
of statues

and even entire
temple complexes.

One instance of the
discovery of something

that we thought was legendary

was the discovery of
Heracleion, Thonis,

near Alexandria.

We had read about this in
Greek myth and Greek histories.

We had no evidence for it.

And then, one day,
it gets discovered.

NARRATOR: Dating back
to the seventh century BC,

Thonis, or Heracleion,
as it was known to the Greeks,

was cited in ancient myths

as a major trading post
for the region.

JONATHAN YOUNG:
For a long time.

Heracleion in Egypt
was in many stories,

but had not been found
until the year 2000.

In India, in the year 2001,

something similar happened.

The Mahabharata
tells of the time

Lord Vishnu built a great
fortified city, Dvaraka.

It was thought to be
an imaginary place

and then, it was discovered.

And before that, in the first
half of the 20th century,

there is another example.

In the Bible, Joshua fought
the Battle of Jericho,

but we didn't know
if there was a Jericho

until it was discovered
by archeologists.

This lets us know that there is
more information in myth

than we might have thought.

NARRATOR:
But of all the places on Earth

that were thought to be
mythological,

the one that has inspired
the most fascination,

and has proven the most elusive,

is not a city,
but an entire continent:

Atlantis.

As described by Plato
in the fourth century AD,

Atlantis was the home of
a highly advanced civilization

which mysteriously disappeared
into the ocean

thousands of years ago.

While mainstream scholars
continue to dismiss Atlantis

as nothing more than
a fanciful myth,

there are many who believe
Plato's account

was based on a very real place.

But if Atlantis, like other
formerly mythical locations,

were discovered,
would it offer proof

of extraterrestrial contact
with early humans?

Dunedin, New Zealand.
February 2017.

Scientists at New Zealand's
top geological institute,

GNS Science,

announce the discovery
of a lost continent,

one that sunk into the ocean
millions of years ago.

They dub the landmass
"Zealandia,"

as it extends directly
under New Zealand.

Although it is almost
entirely underwater,

it fits the definition
of a continent

as it consists of
an intact piece of crust

that is distinctly different
from the ocean floor,

and clearly separated
from Australia.

This was a shocking discovery,

because they thought the number
of continents on Earth

had been basically fixed.

Now, this one looks like
it could have been

another continent,

where perhaps
human beings dwelled.

And if it was,

this could certainly rewrite
a lot of history books.

NARRATOR: Could this be
the lost continent of Atlantis?

Ancient astronaut theorists

say that it is
a distinct possibility.

There is an ongoing bias
among scientists

that anything from the
ancient past must, therefore,

be a made-up fake story, a myth.

And yet, these scientists
have to look at the reality

that archaeological discoveries
are verifying

that the actual stories
have merit.

NARRATOR:
New York City.

February 2017.

That's pretty amazing
we were able to do this.

NARRATOR: Giorgio Tsoukalos
and Jared Collins

continue their scientific
investigation

of a mysterious 2000-year-old
elongated skull.

We were able to set up
a CT scan.

I mean,
that's almost unheard of.

Wow.

NARRATOR:
Because anthropologist

Dr. Todd Disotell

found this skull to be missing
the sagittal suture

that exists on all
naturally formed human skulls,

Giorgio and Jared have taken it

to New York University's
radiology department.

There, it will be subjected
to a CT scan...

- Let's scan it.
- Yeah, let's see what's inside.

NARRATOR: ...which should reveal
whether or not

the skull really is
missing the suture,

or if it is simply
not visible to the naked eye.

During the procedure, a series
of computerized x-ray images

are taken from 360 degrees
and stacked together

to form a 3-D image.

If any hairline evidence
of the missing suture exists,

it will show up in the scan.

TSOUKALOS:
That looks amazing.

- It is incredible.
- Isn't it incredible? -Yeah.

So these are
surface rendered images

to allow you to see the skull.

For the sake of comparison,
we have put similar images

of a actual patient.

- TSOUKALOS: Okay. -McGUINNESS:
So you can obviously see

the teeth, the orbits

where the eyes would sit
and you can see

that it's a very deformed skull.

Do you find any
strange anomalies...

besides the shape, obviously?

Well, there's a lot
that's interesting about this.

There's a sagittal suture that
runs across the top of the skull

that I'm not seeing
on this skull.

It's fused, but what is
confounding to me is

you can see the sutures
in the other areas.

TSOUKALOS:
And the fusing of a suture,

is that something where,
if we were to look closer,

would we see a remnant
of that suture?

We can look at it this way
on these images.

So you can see right here,
there should be

a sagittal suture right there
and we're not seeing it.

There's a lot of distortion,
but I'll show you.

This is what a suture elsewhere
would look like,

so these are the sutures,
uh, elsewhere.

Have you seen many skulls
that have missing sutures?

I've never seen anything
like this skull.

NARRATOR:
Ancient astronaut theorists

point out that science often
has a difficult time with data...

such as the missing
sagittal sutures...

that does not fit
into the accepted paradigm.

And they suggest

that findings that defy
conventional explanation

often get set aside,
instead of being investigated.

St. Catharines.

Ontario, Canada.

Spring 1970.

Researchers at
the Earth Sciences Department

at Brock University

receive a sample of wood
that was found buried

150 feet underground
on an island off Nova Scotia.

After scientists run
carbon dating tests

on the material,

they place the object as being
from 3000 years in the future.

Confounded, the team
runs the test again,

only to get
the exact same results.

TSOUKALOS: Since it's an organic
piece of material,

they were able to date it.

But the dates that they received

completely contradicted
everything, because

it had a date of 3,000 years
into the future.

Well, how is that possible?

NARRATOR: How is it that
modern dating techniques

can produce results that are
so obviously contradictory?

The basic idea behind
radiocarbon dating is that

radioactive carbon
decays at a set rate,

and you can use that
to date when various animals

and life-forms died
and how long they've been dead.

NARRATOR: However, there are
known flaws in the science.

Inorganic materials,

like stone,
cannot be carbon-dated.

And exposure to radioactivity

can alter the dates
dramatically.

JOHN BRANDENBURG:
The dating may abruptly increase

because of nuclear weapons
going off.

It's also changed
if a volcano erupts,

it puts a lot of carbon dioxide
in the air.

But scientists crave certainty,
like all human beings,

certainty and predictability.

So they tend to minimize
the caveats.

NARRATOR: But if the carbon
measurements can be skewed

due to exposure to radiation,

just how inaccurate
might the dating be?

Perhaps answers can be found

when the process
is put to yet another,

even more confounding test.

NARRATOR:
Irvine, California.

April 2017.

Ancient astronaut theorist
Giorgio Tsoukalos

is visiting

the Keck Carbon Cycle
Research Lab

at the University of California

to see firsthand how radiation

can dramatically alter
the results of carbon dating.

- Dr. Southon.
- Oh, hi.

Giorgio. Pleasure to meet you.

- How you doing?
- Pleasure to meet you.

I'm here to learn about
carbon dating.

Let me show you
how this thing works.

- All right.
- Follow me.

NARRATOR:
Dr. John Southon

is using accelerator mass
spectrometry equipment

to carbon date
a sample of redwood

that was exposed to radiation

during the testing
of atomic weapons in the 1950s.

The process begins by
sterilizing the wood chip

and then exposing it

to various chemical processes
to remove any contamination.

The material undergoes
a combustion process

and is reduced to graphite
for optimal data retrieval.

Finally, the graphite
is sent through

an accelerated mass spectrometer
to measure

the rate of radiocarbon decay

and generate
the age of the object.

SOUTHON:
Pull up a chair.

All right.

So what are we looking at here?

Okay, so, this is
our result here.

This is how much radiocarbon

was in the samples

that we measured
from that redwood.

Okay.

And the thing
that's strange about them

is that the radiocarbon age
is negative,

which means,
at least at face value,

these are from 600 years
in the future.

Really? Okay.

And the explanation for that
has to do with

nuclear weapons testing
in the atmosphere

in the 1950s and 1960s.

This is amazing.

In your estimation,
do you think that

if an object is closer, let's
say, to a nuclear testing site,

that an item like that would be
yielding more crazy results?

If it was really close, yes.

Okay.

So it would
give you dates that

would be the equivalent of

tens of thousands of years
in the future.

Well, I think that's so
incredibly fascinating.

TSOUKALOS:
If any object is exposed

to some type of
a thermonuclear event,

it changes the result
of the carbon dating.

So I think that it's about time

for us to look
at our ancient history,

because what if
something similar

happened in our past?

NARRATOR:
Stories of ancient warfare

involving the gods using
sophisticated weapons

can be found in numerous texts.

And ancient astronaut theorists

have long proposed that these
stories are backed up

by physical evidence that can be
found throughout the world.

One curious site
that seems to indicate

some kind of an atomic explosion

is the very
southwestern corner of Egypt,

right up along the border
of Libya.

And that area is a sandy area,

but it is covered with evidence
of vitrification.

That's what happens when you
detonate an atomic bomb

in a desert area,

it turns the desert into glass.

And also at Mohenjo-Daro,

which is on the border
of Pakistan and India,

were these lumps of glass

that had been molten and melted.

And there were skeletons
that were also found

that were radioactive.

So the evidence shows that
there was some kind of

atomic detonation or atomic war
in our ancient history.

BRANDENBURG:
There are suggestions that

there may have been some past
nuclear weapon's detonation.

And if that occurred,

then the carbon dating must
account for that possibility.

And that would make, by the way,
everything look younger

in carbon dating.

NARRATOR: The oldest dates
that can be measured

by carbon dating go back
to only 70,000 years ago,

a tiny fraction
of Earth's estimated

six-billion-year history.

Scientists have come to rely
on the fossil record

to fill in the gaps, but that,
too, has its limitations.

Myanmar, Southeast Asia.

December 8, 2016.

Paleontologists discover
a piece of amber

containing the perfectly
preserved tail of a dinosaur

believed by mainstream
scientists to be

99 million years old.

(roaring)

The specimen is shocking
as it reveals

that not all dinosaurs were
covered in scales,

as they had been depicted
for more than a century.

Some actually had feathers.

But how could archaeologists
have gotten it so wrong?

CARGILL:
One of the criticisms

against the fossil record
are the gaps in the record.

That is, we can see what we
think this animal looked like,

you know, three million
years ago,

and then we can see
what we think it looked like

one million years ago,

but what happened in between?

NARRATOR: Due to gaps
of up to 80 million years,

the fossil record is
woefully incomplete,

and the process of
becoming a fossil

itself is extremely difficult.

PETER WARD: Vertebrate bones are
very difficult

to turn into fossils.

We are these wonderful
picnic lunches

for a lot of different
creatures.

Unless you fall into
a water-filled mud bath,

or in the ocean, leaving your
bones almost anywhere

is going to make sure it's never
turned into a fossil.

There's life-forms that have
never, probably,

ever been fossilized.

This leaves room for all kinds

of anomalous beings
to really exist.

We may yet find fossils

of nine-foot giants,

and even of extraterrestrials.

NARRATOR: While conventional
science remains resistant

to the notion that
extraterrestrial

or hybrid beings have ever
existed on the planet,

ancient astronaut
theorists believe

they may be very close to
uncovering definitive proof.

NARRATOR:
Los Angeles, California.

April 2017.

After nearly two months,
the results from the DNA test

that was performed on a 2,000-
year-old elongated skull

from Paracas, Peru,
are finally in.

To analyze the results,
Giorgio enlisted the help

of Dr. Todd Disotell.

All right, Todd,
you got the results?

Yeah, and they're very,
very interesting.

NARRATOR:
Los Angeles, California.

April 2017.

All right, Todd,
you got the results?

Yeah, and they're very,
very interesting.

NARRATOR:
Giorgio Tsoukalos is online

with anthropologist
Dr. Todd Disotell

to receive the results
of a DNA test

that was performed
on an elongated skull.

They did get a good,
clean DNA profile

from the maternally
inherited DNA.

So this particular specimen
is actually not found

in the New World,

not found amongst
Native Americans,

and it's typically found amongst
Europeans and Middle Easterners.

In fact, the 100% match was
to a Scottish individual.

This makes no sense whatsoever.

Really?
In a South American skull?

This is all very strange.

That could mean that
people from Europe

got to South America,

you know, 1,500 years earlier

than we currently
understand that.

That's amazing.

Unfortunately,
the condition of the sample

did not yield any
"Y" chromosome.

But that's not surprising.

There is between
a couple hundred

to a couple thousand times
as much maternal DNA

in every cell of the body.

So what does that mean?

What have we not found out
because of that?

Well, so one, that would allow
us to definitively determine

the sex, and knowing
who the father was

would be very, very informative.

Unfortunately,
we're missing that.

Right.

Do you think that a case
can be made at all...

and again, this is
complete speculation...

that perhaps it is not
necessarily human.

Is that a possibility?

Well, it's possible.

But still, we actually
don't know what this is.

Since we didn't get
any definitive result,

obviously, a scientist always
wants to try to do that.

This is extraordinary.

Yeah. It still leaves open
the possibility

of something interesting.

Right, so I think that
we have something here

that definitely merits
further investigation.

It's worthy of study,
or opening up

a new area of inquiry
and some new hypotheses.

The results confirmed the fact

that there is a mystery there.

First of all, we couldn't figure
out who the father is

of that thing.

Number two, it has European DNA.

Two things that make no sense.

And it had a missing
sagittal suture.

So I do think that

that is
an extraterrestrial skull.

NARRATOR:
Could preconceived notions

concerning mankind's origins
be causing scientists

to overlook valuable data?

Ancient astronaut theorists
say yes,

and suggest that
the scientific community

has been too quick to find
answers when they should be

asking more questions.

Science has built this house...
it's called the standard model...

and, unfortunately, this house
has some big holes

in its walls, and we hang
paintings over them, basically,

and we try to kind of
paper those over.

We want certainty,
we want everything to fit,

but new knowledge
always changes things.

WILLIAMS: The model of thinking
in modern-day academia

is that artifacts
can't possibly exist

outside of our
chronological timeline.

They decide it's easier
to simply

put the pieces in that fit,

and remove the pieces
that don't.

CHILDRESS:
Scientists are far too quick

to-to put a period
at the end of the sentence.

They're looking at
a giant jigsaw puzzle

with only a few pieces
that are there.

But they're drawing
huge conclusions

without really seeing
all the evidence.

And this is a problem

in trying to reconstruct
our ancient history.

WILCOCK: Science is about
letting the evidence

lead the investigation,
drawing conclusions

based upon what you find.

And the findings are undeniable:
we are not alone.

Extraterrestrial,
human-like groups have been

visiting us all along.

NARRATOR: Are we finally
entering a new age of science

where we will be forced to
rewrite our history books?

Perhaps we are finally getting
close to finding the answers

to the questions that mankind
has been asking for centuries.

Where did we come from?

Why are we here?

And are we alone
in the universe?

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