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[man] "I, George C. Stevens,
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Lieutenant Colonel,
Army of the United States,
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hereby certify that from 1 March 1945
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00:01:02,125 --> 00:01:05,125
to 8th May 1945,
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00:01:05,208 --> 00:01:08,875
I was on active duty with
the United States Army Signal Corps,
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attached to Supreme Headquarters,
Allied Expeditionary Forces,
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and among my official duties
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was the direction of the photographing
of Nazi concentration camps
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and prison camps
as liberated by Allied forces.
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The motion pictures which will be shown
following this affidavit
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were taken by official
Allied photographic teams
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in the course of their military duties,
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each team being composed
of military personnel
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under the direction
of a commissioned officer.
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To the best of my knowledge and belief,
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these motion pictures constitute
a true representation
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of the individuals
and scenes photographed.
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They have not been altered in any respect
since the exposures were made.
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The accompanying narration
is a true statement
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of the facts and circumstances
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under which these pictures were made.
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George C. Stevens,
Lieutenant Colonel, A.U.S.
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Sworn to before me this second day
of October, 1945,
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James B. Donovan, Commander,
United States Naval Reserve.
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[man] I, E. R. Kellogg,
Lieutenant, United States Navy,
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hereby certify that from 1929 to 1941,
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I was employed at 20th Century-Fox
Studios in Hollywood, California,
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as a director of photographic effects,
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and am familiar
with all photographic techniques.
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Since the 6th of September, 1941,
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to the present date of the 27th
of August, 1945,
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I have been on active duty
with the United States Navy.
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I have carefully examined
the motion picture film
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to be shown following this affidavit,
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and I certify that the images of
these excerpts from the original negative
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have not been retouched, distorted,
or otherwise altered in any respects,
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00:03:04,625 --> 00:03:06,833
and are true copies of the originals
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00:03:06,917 --> 00:03:10,125
held in the vaults of the United States
Army Signal Corps.
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These excerpts comprise
6,000 feet of film,
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selected from 80,000 feet,
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all of which I have reviewed,
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and all of which is similar in character
to these excerpts.
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E. R. Kellogg, Lieutenant,
United States Navy,
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sworn to before me
this 27th day of August, 1945,
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John Ford,
Captain, United States Navy.
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[narrator] These are the locations of
the largest concentration and prison camps
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00:03:41,708 --> 00:03:44,708
maintained throughout Germany
and Occupied Europe
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00:03:44,792 --> 00:03:47,167
under the Nazi regime.
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00:03:47,250 --> 00:03:51,042
These film report, covering
a representative group of such camps,
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00:03:51,125 --> 00:03:54,542
illustrates the general conditions
which prevail.
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00:04:00,625 --> 00:04:03,333
More than 200 political prisoners
were burned to death
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00:04:03,417 --> 00:04:06,208
at this concentration camp
near Leipzig.
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00:04:06,292 --> 00:04:08,708
Others among the original total
of 350 inmates
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00:04:08,792 --> 00:04:10,833
were shot down by German elite guards
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00:04:10,917 --> 00:04:13,167
as they dashed from the prison huts
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00:04:13,250 --> 00:04:15,542
to celebrate the arrival of
American troops outside the city.
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00:04:15,625 --> 00:04:19,333
The atrocity story is told
by the few who managed to survive.
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00:04:19,417 --> 00:04:22,750
They relate how 12 S.S. troopers
and a Gestapo agent
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00:04:22,833 --> 00:04:27,125
lured 220 starving prisoners
into a big wooden building at this camp,
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00:04:27,208 --> 00:04:29,708
sprayed the structure
with an inflammable liquid,
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00:04:29,792 --> 00:04:32,000
and then applied the torch.
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00:04:32,083 --> 00:04:34,125
Machine guns set up
at various vantage points
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00:04:34,208 --> 00:04:37,167
mowed down many victims
who ran from the burning building.
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00:04:37,250 --> 00:04:39,833
Some miraculously escaped
the hail of bullets,
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00:04:39,917 --> 00:04:42,500
but were electrocuted
by the live wires of a fence
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00:04:42,583 --> 00:04:45,542
which was the final hurdle
for those fleeing the flames.
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00:05:02,708 --> 00:05:06,750
The Leipzig victims were
Russians, Czechs, Poles and French.
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00:05:06,833 --> 00:05:10,000
The dead are viewed by Russian women,
liberated from slave labor.
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00:05:19,042 --> 00:05:23,208
At Penig, German, a concentration camp
was overrun by the 6th Armored Division,
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00:05:23,292 --> 00:05:24,917
containing mainly Hungarians
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00:05:25,000 --> 00:05:27,750
who were people of wealth and esteem
in their native country.
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00:05:27,833 --> 00:05:31,542
Among them were young girls
of only 16 years of age.
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00:05:31,625 --> 00:05:35,958
The women show the scars of miserable
existence under Nazi prison rule.
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American doctors examine the victims.
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Some have gangrenous wounds.
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Others suffer from fever, tuberculosis,
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typhus and additional
communicable diseases.
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All existed under appalling conditions
in vermin-infested quarters
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and with little or nothing to eat.
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00:06:16,583 --> 00:06:18,250
As soon as our troops arrived,
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arrangements were made to remove these
people from the miserable surroundings.
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Under supervision of
the American Red Cross,
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00:06:57,125 --> 00:06:58,542
the stricken inmates are removed
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to a hospital which belonged
to the German Air Force.
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00:07:01,167 --> 00:07:03,292
Nazis who formerly maltreated them
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are forced to help
look after the patients.
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The staff of German nurses is also
forced to attend the victims.
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00:07:42,625 --> 00:07:46,583
The were able to smile
for the first time in years.
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At this concentration camp
in the Gotha area,
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00:08:12,083 --> 00:08:14,708
the Germans starved, clubbed,
and burned to death
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more than 4,000 political prisoners
over a period of eight months.
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A few captives survived
by hiding in the woods.
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The camp is chosen
for a High Command inspection,
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led by General Dwight D. Eisenhower.
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Also present are
Generals Omar N. Bradley
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and George S. Patton.
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The 4th Armored Division
of General Patton's Third Army
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liberated this camp early in April.
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The generals view the rack that was used
by the Nazis to whip the inmates.
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00:09:01,083 --> 00:09:04,958
They see the woodshed where lime-
covered bodies are stacked in layers,
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and the stench is overpowering.
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00:09:26,583 --> 00:09:29,917
Former inmates demonstrate how
they were tortured by the Nazis.
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00:09:42,292 --> 00:09:45,042
American Congressmen invited
to view the atrocities
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were told by General Eisenhower,
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"Nothing is covered up.
We have nothing to conceal.
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The barbarous treatment
these people received
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in the German concentration camps
is almost unbelievable.
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I want you to see for yourselves and be
the spokesmen for the United States."
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The General and his party next see
the crude woodland crematory,
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00:10:12,583 --> 00:10:14,875
actually a grill made of railway tracks.
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Here, the bodies of victims
were cremated.
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00:10:17,708 --> 00:10:20,958
Charred remains of several inmates
still lay heaped atop the grill.
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00:10:41,750 --> 00:10:46,083
Another group to visit the Ohrdruf camp
is composed of local townspeople,
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00:10:46,167 --> 00:10:48,542
including prominent Nazi party members.
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They'll be taken on a forced tour
of the camp site
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00:10:50,958 --> 00:10:52,667
by Colonel Hayden Sears,
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00:10:52,750 --> 00:10:55,750
commander of the 4th Armored Division's
Combat Command A,
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00:10:55,833 --> 00:10:57,458
which captured Ohrdruf.
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00:11:07,167 --> 00:11:10,708
A German medical major is compelled
to accompany the townspeople.
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00:11:22,125 --> 00:11:23,750
Colonel Sears stands by
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00:11:23,833 --> 00:11:27,750
as the Nazis are informed that they
must see all the horrors at the camp.
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00:11:40,917 --> 00:11:43,875
First, the visitors view
some 30 freshly killed bodies
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00:11:43,958 --> 00:11:46,250
lying in the courtyard of the camp
where they'd been shot
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00:11:46,333 --> 00:11:49,375
on the evening preceding the entry
of American tanks.
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00:11:59,000 --> 00:12:01,542
These two are identified
as slave labor bosses
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00:12:01,625 --> 00:12:04,250
who maltreated, tortured
and killed their workers.
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00:12:11,375 --> 00:12:14,375
Next, to the woodshed,
which the Nazis are reluctant to enter.
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00:12:14,458 --> 00:12:16,958
But Colonel Sears demands
that they get a close-up look
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00:12:17,042 --> 00:12:18,958
at the most gruesome of sights.
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00:12:48,625 --> 00:12:50,042
The labor bosses enter.
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00:13:07,000 --> 00:13:09,958
According to reports, the local Nazis
continued their tour of the camp
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00:13:10,042 --> 00:13:11,667
without apparent emotion.
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00:13:11,750 --> 00:13:14,625
All denied knowledge of what had
taken place at Ohrdruf.
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00:13:20,750 --> 00:13:23,917
They are taken to the crematory,
two miles outside the camp,
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00:13:24,000 --> 00:13:26,917
where the list of the atrocities is read
for all to hear.
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00:13:27,000 --> 00:13:29,792
The 4,000 Ohrdruf victims
are said to include
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00:13:29,875 --> 00:13:32,208
Poles, Czechs, Russians,
Belgians, Frenchmen,
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00:13:32,292 --> 00:13:34,667
German Jews
and German political prisoners.
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00:13:48,458 --> 00:13:50,833
A day before these Nazis
visited the camp,
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00:13:50,917 --> 00:13:54,167
the Burgomeister of Ohrdruf
was forced to view the horrors.
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00:13:54,250 --> 00:13:57,208
He and his wife were later found
dead in their home,
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00:13:57,292 --> 00:13:59,042
apparently suicides.
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00:14:06,625 --> 00:14:09,208
American officers arrive
at a Nazi institution
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00:14:09,292 --> 00:14:11,000
seized by First Army troops.
146
00:14:11,083 --> 00:14:12,833
Under the guise of an insane asylum,
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00:14:12,917 --> 00:14:17,375
this has been the headquarters for
the systematic murder of 35,000 Poles,
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00:14:17,458 --> 00:14:19,208
Russians and Germans sent here mainly
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00:14:19,292 --> 00:14:21,625
for political
and religious considerations.
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00:14:21,708 --> 00:14:24,500
Those still alive are examined
by Major Herman Bolker
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00:14:24,583 --> 00:14:27,000
of the American War Crimes
Investigation Team.
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00:14:27,083 --> 00:14:29,042
The townspeople in Hadamar, Germany,
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00:14:29,125 --> 00:14:31,292
called this place
the House of Shutters.
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00:15:26,792 --> 00:15:29,208
Meanwhile, at the graveyard
attached to the institution,
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00:15:29,292 --> 00:15:31,250
bodies are exhumed for autopsy.
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00:15:31,333 --> 00:15:33,500
Twenty thousand are buried here.
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00:15:33,583 --> 00:15:36,208
Fifteen thousand who died
in a lethal gas chamber
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00:15:36,292 --> 00:15:38,583
were cremated and their ashes interred.
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00:16:04,000 --> 00:16:07,750
Death books found hidden in
the wine cellar of the Hadamar Institution
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00:16:07,833 --> 00:16:10,250
revealed part of the story
of the mass killings.
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00:16:10,333 --> 00:16:13,875
The bulky volumes contained
thousands of death certificates.
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00:16:13,958 --> 00:16:18,125
"Profession unknown, nationality unknown"
was written after each name.
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00:16:36,000 --> 00:16:40,250
The corpses are lined up
pending the arrival of W.C.I.T. officers.
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00:16:58,000 --> 00:17:00,417
Major Bolker performs the autopsy.
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00:17:00,500 --> 00:17:03,375
A detailed listing is made
of all clinical data.
166
00:17:24,417 --> 00:17:26,667
Interrogating the institution heads.
167
00:17:26,750 --> 00:17:30,792
Dr. Whalmann, the taller man,
was the top Nazi in charge of the place.
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00:17:30,875 --> 00:17:34,208
The other man entering the room
is Karl Willig, chief male nurse.
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00:17:34,292 --> 00:17:37,917
He admits to killing inmates
with overdoses of morphine.
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00:17:38,000 --> 00:17:40,583
The testimony of other witnesses
substantiated the fact
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00:17:40,667 --> 00:17:42,417
that morphine was issued
at the institution
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00:17:42,500 --> 00:17:44,333
without attempt at making a record.
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00:17:44,417 --> 00:17:48,208
As many as 17 at a time died
from the morphine injections.
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00:17:48,292 --> 00:17:51,958
The investigating officers were told
that the Nazis never bothered to determine
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00:17:52,042 --> 00:17:54,458
whether a victim may have survived
the over dosage.
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00:17:54,542 --> 00:17:57,458
Instead, all were hustled off
to the graveyard
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00:17:57,542 --> 00:18:00,208
and buried in piles of 20 to 24.
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00:18:16,625 --> 00:18:18,875
The prisoners are removed
to await trial.
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00:18:18,958 --> 00:18:23,750
A Hadamar judge told the investigators
that when the 10,000 victim died,
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00:18:23,833 --> 00:18:27,333
the institution heads and Nazi officials
staged a celebration.
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00:18:39,833 --> 00:18:41,917
This is Breendonk Prison
in Belgium.
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00:18:42,000 --> 00:18:45,875
It offers evidence of Nazi brutality
imposed on Belgian patriots
183
00:18:45,958 --> 00:18:47,833
during the period of German occupation.
184
00:18:52,917 --> 00:18:55,333
Many of the horror exhibits
remain untouched,
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00:18:55,417 --> 00:18:57,708
such as the bloodstained coffins.
186
00:19:00,000 --> 00:19:02,292
Demonstrating how the victims
were tied up
187
00:19:02,375 --> 00:19:04,375
for administering vicious beatings.
188
00:19:10,375 --> 00:19:13,667
A barbed wire stick was used
on the backs of the men.
189
00:19:22,833 --> 00:19:25,250
Another method for rendering
a patriot helpless
190
00:19:25,333 --> 00:19:27,958
while he was attacked by
his Gestapo guards.
191
00:19:45,833 --> 00:19:48,667
The Nazis also would tie a man
in chains in this manner,
192
00:19:48,750 --> 00:19:50,792
and then apply the tourniquet.
193
00:20:09,833 --> 00:20:13,042
A Berlin-made thumbscrew,
and how it was used.
194
00:20:19,833 --> 00:20:23,292
A victim shows scars caused
by repeated beatings.
195
00:20:29,000 --> 00:20:30,292
Others show what happened to them
196
00:20:30,375 --> 00:20:33,250
as results of both beatings
and cigarette burns.
197
00:20:47,625 --> 00:20:49,167
A Belgian demonstrates the manner
198
00:20:49,250 --> 00:20:51,708
in which his crotch
was split by the Nazis.
199
00:20:59,833 --> 00:21:02,417
A woman discloses
the results of a beating.
200
00:21:11,958 --> 00:21:14,417
The Harlan Concentration Camp
near Hanover.
201
00:21:14,500 --> 00:21:19,208
Out of 10,000 Polish men brought here
ten months prior to April, 1945,
202
00:21:19,292 --> 00:21:21,250
only 200 remained.
203
00:21:21,333 --> 00:21:25,333
Prisoners who could walk were removed
before American troops entered Hanover.
204
00:21:25,417 --> 00:21:27,542
The others were left to starve and die.
205
00:21:27,625 --> 00:21:29,708
Immediate relief was provided for the men
206
00:21:29,792 --> 00:21:31,958
with the arrival
of a Red Cross Clubmobile.
207
00:21:32,042 --> 00:21:34,750
The men broke into tears
when they were given hot soup,
208
00:21:34,833 --> 00:21:37,250
other food, and cigarettes and clothing.
209
00:21:53,000 --> 00:21:55,542
When questioned, most of these men
could not remember
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00:21:55,625 --> 00:21:58,125
when they'd last eaten a decent meal.
211
00:21:58,208 --> 00:22:01,583
Many had been beaten and tortured
so long, their minds had failed.
212
00:22:23,500 --> 00:22:27,000
Some of the inmates are too weak
to leave their bunks, or even eat.
213
00:22:34,875 --> 00:22:37,875
Others bunk together to keep
their frail bodies warm.
214
00:22:40,792 --> 00:22:44,208
The deaths continue even after
liberation of the camp.
215
00:22:44,292 --> 00:22:46,875
Some were too far gone
when the Americans took over.
216
00:23:08,583 --> 00:23:11,417
An A.M.G. sergeant checks
the list of inmates.
217
00:23:14,625 --> 00:23:16,750
The victims relate the atrocity story
218
00:23:16,833 --> 00:23:19,458
and photographs are made
for further documentation
219
00:23:19,542 --> 00:23:21,750
of the horrors committed
at the Hanover camp.
220
00:23:33,667 --> 00:23:37,583
This concentration camp was overrun
by American troops in April.
221
00:23:37,667 --> 00:23:40,167
The prisoners were mainly Poles
and Russians.
222
00:23:40,250 --> 00:23:43,583
Maltreated and starved,
1,700 were housed in tents
223
00:23:43,667 --> 00:23:46,083
which contained only 100 bunks.
224
00:23:46,167 --> 00:23:48,292
While our forces were nearing Arnstedt,
225
00:23:48,375 --> 00:23:50,625
the Nazis removed most of the captives.
226
00:23:50,708 --> 00:23:53,333
They shot those who were too weak
to get away fast enough.
227
00:24:00,708 --> 00:24:04,042
Savage watchdogs were used
to help guard the camp.
228
00:24:07,167 --> 00:24:09,792
German civilians are forced
to help dig up the bodies.
229
00:24:09,875 --> 00:24:12,417
This is the second burial ground
for the victims.
230
00:24:12,500 --> 00:24:14,750
The spot where they were originally
buried after the massacre
231
00:24:14,833 --> 00:24:16,792
was apparently too close to the town.
232
00:24:16,875 --> 00:24:20,208
The Arnstedt villagers could not tolerate
the stench of the dead,
233
00:24:20,292 --> 00:24:23,250
and they themselves moved
the bodies to this site.
234
00:24:23,333 --> 00:24:25,833
Now they again must exhume the corpses,
235
00:24:25,917 --> 00:24:28,083
this time under armed persuasion.
236
00:24:38,083 --> 00:24:40,750
Victims bear the marks of violent deaths.
237
00:25:06,167 --> 00:25:09,583
American troops view the evidence
of Nazi barbarism.
238
00:25:18,875 --> 00:25:20,750
Slave labor camp at Nordhausen,
239
00:25:20,833 --> 00:25:23,292
liberated by the 3d Armored Division,
First Army.
240
00:25:23,375 --> 00:25:26,583
At least 3,000 political prisoners
died here
241
00:25:26,667 --> 00:25:29,542
at the brutal hands of S.S. troops
and pardoned German criminals
242
00:25:29,625 --> 00:25:31,167
who were the camp guards.
243
00:25:31,250 --> 00:25:34,875
Nordhausen had been a depository
for slaves found unfit for work
244
00:25:34,958 --> 00:25:36,792
in the underground V-bomb plants
245
00:25:36,875 --> 00:25:39,250
and in other German camps and factories.
246
00:25:56,125 --> 00:25:59,250
Amid the corpses are human skeletons
too weak to move.
247
00:26:08,917 --> 00:26:11,625
Men of our medical battalions
worked two days and nights
248
00:26:11,708 --> 00:26:13,792
binding wounds and giving medications,
249
00:26:13,875 --> 00:26:16,875
but for advanced cases of starvation
and tuberculosis,
250
00:26:16,958 --> 00:26:18,875
there were often no cures.
251
00:26:18,958 --> 00:26:23,125
The survivors are shown being evacuated
for treatment in Allied hospitals.
252
00:26:49,208 --> 00:26:52,042
The victims are mainly
Poles and Russians,
253
00:26:52,125 --> 00:26:53,958
with considerable numbers of French
and other nationalities
254
00:26:54,042 --> 00:26:56,042
also included in the camp roster.
255
00:27:32,333 --> 00:27:34,250
The Burgomeister of Nordhausen
is ordered to provide
256
00:27:34,333 --> 00:27:37,042
600 German male civilians
257
00:27:37,125 --> 00:27:40,208
who will inter the 2,500 unburied bodies
at the camp.
258
00:27:47,208 --> 00:27:49,833
A priest administers
last rites for the dead
259
00:27:49,917 --> 00:27:53,167
while the corpses are being carried
to the hillside for burial.
260
00:28:09,167 --> 00:28:14,542
Then the actual burial in common graves
of the 2,500 Nordhausen victims.
261
00:29:14,458 --> 00:29:17,708
I'm Lieutenant Senior Grade
Jack H. Taylor, U.S. Navy,
262
00:29:17,792 --> 00:29:19,208
of Hollywood, California.
263
00:29:19,292 --> 00:29:22,500
Believe it or not, this is the first time
I've ever been in the movies.
264
00:29:22,583 --> 00:29:26,250
I've been working overseas
in occupied countries,
265
00:29:26,333 --> 00:29:28,208
in the Balkans, for 18 months.
266
00:29:29,292 --> 00:29:35,875
In October '44, I was the first
Allied officer to drop into Austria.
267
00:29:37,417 --> 00:29:41,375
I was captured December 1st
by the Gestapo,
268
00:29:41,458 --> 00:29:45,375
severely beaten--
even though I was in uniform--
269
00:29:45,458 --> 00:29:49,917
severely beaten and considered as
a non-prisoner of war.
270
00:29:50,000 --> 00:29:54,167
I was taken to Vienna Prison,
where I was held for four months.
271
00:29:54,250 --> 00:29:56,292
When the Russians neared Vienna,
272
00:29:56,375 --> 00:30:00,208
I was taken to the Mauthausen
Concentration Lager,
273
00:30:00,292 --> 00:30:02,500
an extermination camp,
274
00:30:02,583 --> 00:30:05,125
the worst in Germany,
275
00:30:05,208 --> 00:30:09,625
where we have been starving and--
and beaten
276
00:30:10,625 --> 00:30:12,542
and killed.
277
00:30:12,625 --> 00:30:15,625
Uh, fortunately, my turn hadn't come.
278
00:30:16,417 --> 00:30:18,708
Uh...
279
00:30:18,792 --> 00:30:21,917
two American officers at least
have been executed here.
280
00:30:22,000 --> 00:30:25,333
Here is the insignia of one,
a U.S. Naval officer,
281
00:30:25,417 --> 00:30:27,083
and here is his dog tag.
282
00:30:28,083 --> 00:30:29,875
Here is the Army officer,
283
00:30:29,958 --> 00:30:32,625
executed by gas in this lager.
284
00:30:33,417 --> 00:30:34,417
Uh...
285
00:30:37,000 --> 00:30:39,250
[man] How many ways
did they execute these men?
286
00:30:39,333 --> 00:30:42,125
Five or six ways:
by gas, by shooting,
287
00:30:42,208 --> 00:30:45,917
by beating--
that is, beating with clubs--
288
00:30:46,000 --> 00:30:48,125
uh...
289
00:30:48,208 --> 00:30:50,958
by exposure--
290
00:30:51,042 --> 00:30:54,125
that is, standing out in the snow naked
for 48 hours
291
00:30:54,208 --> 00:30:57,917
and having cold water thrown
on them in the middle of winter,
292
00:30:58,000 --> 00:30:59,125
starvation...
293
00:31:00,208 --> 00:31:01,625
dogs,
294
00:31:01,708 --> 00:31:04,375
and pushing over a hundred-foot cliff.
295
00:31:06,000 --> 00:31:10,917
This is all true, has been seen,
and is now being recorded.
296
00:31:12,417 --> 00:31:14,125
[man] Where did you get
that uniform you have on?
297
00:31:14,208 --> 00:31:16,917
This uniform, uh,
I came here in uniform,
298
00:31:17,000 --> 00:31:19,542
but it was taken away from me,
and this was substituted
299
00:31:19,625 --> 00:31:22,042
with my number and "U.S.A."
300
00:31:23,417 --> 00:31:25,083
I have been condemned to death
301
00:31:25,167 --> 00:31:28,458
as another American also in this camp,
302
00:31:28,542 --> 00:31:31,542
but, fortunately,
the 11th Armored Division
303
00:31:31,625 --> 00:31:33,917
has come through
and saved us in time.
304
00:36:28,875 --> 00:36:31,958
[narrator] Pictorial evidence of
the almost unprecedented crimes
305
00:36:32,042 --> 00:36:35,042
perpetrated by the Nazis
at the Buchenwald concentration camp.
306
00:36:36,042 --> 00:36:38,583
The story in written form is contained
in the official report
307
00:36:38,667 --> 00:36:41,083
of the Prisoner of War
and Displaced Persons Division
308
00:36:41,167 --> 00:36:43,000
of the United States
Group Control Council,
309
00:36:43,083 --> 00:36:45,625
which has been forwarded
from Supreme Allied Headquarters
310
00:36:45,708 --> 00:36:47,917
to the War Department in Washington.
311
00:36:48,000 --> 00:36:51,083
It states that 1,000 boys
under 14 years of age
312
00:36:51,167 --> 00:36:54,667
are included among the 20,000
still alive at the camp,
313
00:36:54,750 --> 00:36:56,750
that the survivors are males only,
314
00:36:56,833 --> 00:37:00,458
and that the recent death rate
was about 200 a day.
315
00:37:15,458 --> 00:37:20,333
Nationalities and prison numbers are
tattooed on the stomachs of the inmates.
316
00:37:28,750 --> 00:37:33,292
The report lists surviving inmates as
representing every European nationality.
317
00:37:33,375 --> 00:37:35,875
It says the camp was founded when
the Nazi party
318
00:37:35,958 --> 00:37:38,500
first came into power in 1933,
319
00:37:38,583 --> 00:37:41,167
and has been in continuous
operation ever since,
320
00:37:41,250 --> 00:37:44,792
although its largest populations date
from the beginning of the present war.
321
00:37:44,875 --> 00:37:48,250
One estimate put the camp's
normal complement at 80,000.
322
00:38:06,792 --> 00:38:09,000
In the official report,
the Buchenwald camp
323
00:38:09,083 --> 00:38:11,042
is termed an extermination factory.
324
00:38:11,125 --> 00:38:12,958
The means of extermination:
325
00:38:13,042 --> 00:38:17,083
starvation, complicated by hard work,
abuse, beatings and tortures,
326
00:38:17,167 --> 00:38:21,500
incredibly crowded sleeping conditions
and sicknesses of all types.
327
00:38:21,583 --> 00:38:23,667
By these means, the report continues,
328
00:38:23,750 --> 00:38:27,250
many tens of thousands of the best
leadership personnel of Europe
329
00:38:27,333 --> 00:38:29,125
have been exterminated.
330
00:38:29,208 --> 00:38:30,833
Bodies stacked one upon the other
331
00:38:30,917 --> 00:38:32,750
were found outside the crematory.
332
00:38:32,833 --> 00:38:34,833
The Nazis maintained
a building at the camp
333
00:38:34,917 --> 00:38:36,917
for medical experiments
and vivisections,
334
00:38:37,000 --> 00:38:39,083
with prisoners as guinea pigs.
335
00:38:39,167 --> 00:38:41,333
Medical scientists
came from Berlin periodically
336
00:38:41,417 --> 00:38:43,583
to reinforce the experimental staff.
337
00:38:43,667 --> 00:38:47,917
In particular, new toxins and antitoxins
were tried out on prisoners.
338
00:38:48,000 --> 00:38:52,208
Few who entered the experimental
buildings ever emerged alive.
339
00:39:01,083 --> 00:39:04,042
One of the weapons used by S.S. guards.
340
00:39:08,292 --> 00:39:10,125
The body disposal plant.
341
00:39:10,208 --> 00:39:12,500
Inside are the ovens
which gave the crematorium
342
00:39:12,583 --> 00:39:17,750
a maximum disposal capacity
of about 400 bodies per 10-hour day.
343
00:39:17,833 --> 00:39:21,083
Gold-filled teeth were extracted
from bodies before incineration.
344
00:39:21,167 --> 00:39:24,292
The ovens, of extremely modern design
and heated by coke,
345
00:39:24,375 --> 00:39:28,042
were made by a concern which
customarily manufactures baking ovens.
346
00:39:28,125 --> 00:39:30,625
The firm's name is clearly inscribed.
347
00:39:37,125 --> 00:39:40,125
All bodies were finally
reduced to bone ash.
348
00:39:47,917 --> 00:39:51,042
Twelve hundred civilians walk
from the neighboring city of Weimar
349
00:39:51,125 --> 00:39:52,917
to begin a forced tour of the camp.
350
00:39:53,000 --> 00:39:55,792
There are many smiling faces and,
according to observers,
351
00:39:55,875 --> 00:39:57,500
at first the Germans act as though
352
00:39:57,583 --> 00:39:59,875
this were something being staged
for their benefit
353
00:40:23,250 --> 00:40:25,375
One of the first thing
that the German civilians see
354
00:40:25,458 --> 00:40:28,917
as they reach the interior of the camp
is the parchment display.
355
00:40:29,000 --> 00:40:30,625
On a table for all to gaze upon
356
00:40:30,708 --> 00:40:33,292
is a lampshade made of human skin,
357
00:40:33,375 --> 00:40:35,875
made at the request of
an S.S. officer's wife.
358
00:40:35,958 --> 00:40:39,083
Large pieces of skin have been used
for painting pictures,
359
00:40:39,167 --> 00:40:41,333
many of an obscene nature.
360
00:40:55,917 --> 00:41:00,000
There are two heads which have been
shrunk to 1/5th of their normal size.
361
00:41:00,083 --> 00:41:03,750
These and other exhibits of Nazi origin
are shown to the townspeople.
362
00:41:27,000 --> 00:41:29,833
The camera records the changes
in facial expressions
363
00:41:29,917 --> 00:41:32,542
as the Weimar citizens leave
the parchment display.
364
00:41:37,000 --> 00:41:38,917
The tour continues
with a forced inspection
365
00:41:39,000 --> 00:41:40,750
of the camp's living quarters,
366
00:41:40,833 --> 00:41:44,000
where the stench, filth
and misery defy description.
367
00:41:49,083 --> 00:41:52,375
They see the result of lack of care
in the bad case of trench foot.
368
00:42:04,417 --> 00:42:08,792
Other evidences of horror, brutality
and human indecency are shown,
369
00:42:08,875 --> 00:42:12,500
and these people are compelled to see
what their own government had perpetrated.
370
00:42:17,750 --> 00:42:20,125
Correspondents assigned
to the Buchenwald story
371
00:42:20,208 --> 00:42:23,333
have given wide notice to the well-fed,
well-dressed appearance
372
00:42:23,417 --> 00:42:26,000
of the German civilian population
of the Weimar area.
373
00:42:38,417 --> 00:42:40,792
[narrator]
Dachau, factory of horrors.
374
00:42:42,708 --> 00:42:46,917
Dachau, near München, one of the oldest
of the Nazi prison camps.
375
00:42:48,292 --> 00:42:52,000
It is known that from 1941 to 1944,
376
00:42:52,083 --> 00:42:57,042
up to 30,000 people were
entombed here at one time,
377
00:42:57,125 --> 00:43:00,958
and 30,000 were present
when the Allies reached Dachau.
378
00:43:03,208 --> 00:43:06,333
The Nazis said it was a prison
for political dissenters,
379
00:43:06,417 --> 00:43:09,583
habitual criminals,
and religious enthusiasts.
380
00:43:38,500 --> 00:43:40,083
When these scenes were filmed,
381
00:43:40,167 --> 00:43:44,333
over 1,6000 priests,
representing many denominations,
382
00:43:44,417 --> 00:43:46,000
still remained alive.
383
00:43:47,167 --> 00:43:49,458
They came from Germany, Poland,
384
00:43:49,542 --> 00:43:53,500
Czechoslovakia, France and Holland.
385
00:44:07,708 --> 00:44:09,708
Incoming prison trains arrived,
386
00:44:09,792 --> 00:44:11,625
carrying more dead than living.
387
00:44:13,583 --> 00:44:15,875
Those strong enough to travel
were brought to Dachau
388
00:44:15,958 --> 00:44:17,625
from outlying points
389
00:44:17,708 --> 00:44:19,750
which were threatened by
the Allied advance.
390
00:44:20,917 --> 00:44:24,250
This is how they looked
when they arrived.
391
00:44:45,083 --> 00:44:47,250
Some survived,
392
00:44:47,333 --> 00:44:50,958
and when the rescuers arrived
they administered what aid they could.
393
00:44:55,750 --> 00:44:57,708
Others died after the liberation.
394
00:45:03,000 --> 00:45:05,167
They were buried
by their fellow prisoners.
395
00:45:18,208 --> 00:45:20,042
As in the case of other camps,
396
00:45:20,125 --> 00:45:24,375
local townspeople were brought in
to view the dead at Dachau.
397
00:45:26,625 --> 00:45:29,833
This is what the liberators found
inside the building.
398
00:46:10,917 --> 00:46:13,542
Hanging in orderly rows
were the clothes of prisoners
399
00:46:13,625 --> 00:46:16,417
who had been suffocated
in a lethal gas chamber.
400
00:46:17,833 --> 00:46:20,292
They had been persuaded
to remove their clothing
401
00:46:20,375 --> 00:46:22,333
under the pretext of taking a shower
402
00:46:22,417 --> 00:46:25,167
for which towels and soap were provided.
403
00:46:38,000 --> 00:46:41,250
This is the brausebad,
the shower bath.
404
00:46:43,708 --> 00:46:46,292
Inside the shower bath,
the gas vents.
405
00:46:50,875 --> 00:46:53,792
On the ceiling,
the dummy shower heads.
406
00:46:58,167 --> 00:47:02,042
In the engineer's room,
the intake and outlet pipes.
407
00:47:04,125 --> 00:47:08,167
Push buttons to control inflow
and outtake of gas.
408
00:47:08,250 --> 00:47:10,417
A hand valve to regulate pressure.
409
00:47:15,292 --> 00:47:18,417
Cyanide powder was used
to generate the lethal smoke.
410
00:47:22,292 --> 00:47:25,958
From the gas chamber, the bodies
were removed to the crematory.
411
00:47:33,583 --> 00:47:36,208
Here is what the camera crew
found inside.
412
00:48:07,833 --> 00:48:10,208
These are the survivors.
413
00:48:34,667 --> 00:48:36,833
I am the officer commanding
414
00:48:36,917 --> 00:48:41,750
the regiment of Royal artillery
guarding this camp.
415
00:48:41,833 --> 00:48:44,167
Our most unpleasant task
416
00:48:44,250 --> 00:48:48,500
has been making the S.S.,
of which there are about 50,
417
00:48:48,583 --> 00:48:50,000
bury the dead.
418
00:48:51,250 --> 00:48:55,625
Up to press, we have buried
about 17,000 people...
419
00:48:56,625 --> 00:49:01,208
and we expect to bury about
half as much again.
420
00:49:02,458 --> 00:49:04,458
When we came here,
421
00:49:04,542 --> 00:49:07,708
conditions were indescribable.
422
00:49:07,792 --> 00:49:11,958
The people had had no food for six days,
423
00:49:12,042 --> 00:49:13,625
and were eating turnips.
424
00:49:16,083 --> 00:49:19,750
The cookhouses have now been organized,
425
00:49:19,833 --> 00:49:22,708
and, although they have to be guarded
426
00:49:22,792 --> 00:49:26,750
so that everybody gets a fair share
of the food,
427
00:49:26,833 --> 00:49:29,375
things are now going fairly well.
428
00:49:30,625 --> 00:49:32,333
The officers and men
429
00:49:32,417 --> 00:49:34,167
regard this job
430
00:49:35,208 --> 00:49:37,667
as a duty that has to be performed,
431
00:49:37,750 --> 00:49:42,250
and none of us are likely to forget
what the German people have done here.
432
00:49:43,333 --> 00:49:45,125
[off-camera woman
gives instructions in German]
433
00:49:45,208 --> 00:49:48,417
[woman speaking German]
434
00:49:51,625 --> 00:49:55,625
[narrator] Speech of the woman doctor
at concentration camp Bergen-Belsen,
435
00:49:55,708 --> 00:49:58,917
24th of April, 1945.
436
00:49:59,000 --> 00:50:01,292
This is the doctor in charge
of the female section
437
00:50:01,375 --> 00:50:04,500
of the concentration camp
Bergen-Belsen.
438
00:50:04,583 --> 00:50:06,417
She was a prisoner at this camp.
439
00:50:07,417 --> 00:50:09,750
[woman speaking German]
440
00:50:18,000 --> 00:50:23,125
She says there were no covers,
straw stacks or beds of any kind.
441
00:50:23,208 --> 00:50:25,417
Persons had to lie
directly on the ground.
442
00:50:26,417 --> 00:50:30,167
They were given 1/12th of a loaf of bread
and some watery soup daily.
443
00:50:31,625 --> 00:50:34,792
Almost 75% of the people
were bloated from hunger.
444
00:50:36,000 --> 00:50:38,000
An epidemic of typhus broke out.
445
00:50:39,000 --> 00:50:42,583
Two hundred and fifty women
and thousands of men died daily.
446
00:50:44,208 --> 00:50:49,042
In the men's camp, they cut out liver,
heart and other parts of the dead
447
00:50:49,125 --> 00:50:50,542
and ate them.
448
00:50:50,625 --> 00:50:53,375
[woman speaking German]
449
00:51:17,708 --> 00:51:19,125
No medicines were available
450
00:51:19,208 --> 00:51:22,208
because the S.S. men
had collected everything.
451
00:51:24,292 --> 00:51:26,250
Two days before the British army came,
452
00:51:26,333 --> 00:51:28,792
the first Red Cross food was distributed.
453
00:51:30,208 --> 00:51:34,083
Two months before,
150 kilograms of chocolate
454
00:51:34,167 --> 00:51:36,333
had been sent to the children
of the camp.
455
00:51:37,333 --> 00:51:39,542
Ten kilograms were distributed.
456
00:51:39,625 --> 00:51:42,375
The rest the commandant kept for himself
457
00:51:42,458 --> 00:51:44,875
and used it as barter
to his personal advantage.
458
00:51:44,958 --> 00:51:47,667
[woman speaking German]
459
00:51:48,417 --> 00:51:49,708
[clears throat]
460
00:51:49,792 --> 00:51:52,208
[speaking German]
461
00:52:21,833 --> 00:52:23,833
She adds that
various medical experiments
462
00:52:23,917 --> 00:52:25,708
were made on the prisoners.
463
00:52:25,792 --> 00:52:28,583
Doctors gave some of them
intravenous injections
464
00:52:28,667 --> 00:52:31,250
of 20 cubic centimeters of benzene,
465
00:52:31,333 --> 00:52:33,417
which caused the victims to die.
466
00:52:34,417 --> 00:52:36,750
She concludes by saying
that sterilizations
467
00:52:36,833 --> 00:52:41,208
and other gynecological experiments
were performed on 19-year-old girls.
468
00:52:43,208 --> 00:52:45,875
[woman speaking German]
469
00:52:52,167 --> 00:52:55,833
Kramer, camp commandant,
is taken into custody.
470
00:53:12,250 --> 00:53:14,500
Such was the speed of the Allied advance
471
00:53:14,583 --> 00:53:17,958
that the guards were taken
before they had time to flee.
472
00:53:24,375 --> 00:53:30,542
Inside Belsen, the same story:
starvation and sickness.
473
00:53:40,792 --> 00:53:43,500
Liberated prisoners
could not control their emotion.
474
00:53:51,958 --> 00:53:54,542
Despite German attempts to cover up,
475
00:53:54,625 --> 00:53:56,625
we found these in the open fields.
476
00:54:25,667 --> 00:54:29,542
Clear-cut evidence of beatings
and outright murder was on every hand.
477
00:55:00,750 --> 00:55:04,667
Nameless victims were numbered
for records which the Germans destroyed.
478
00:55:19,750 --> 00:55:23,375
S.S. guards were impressed
to clean up the camp area.
479
00:56:34,167 --> 00:56:37,167
German woman guards were ordered
to bury the dead.
480
00:57:21,208 --> 00:57:23,750
Sanitary conditions were so appalling
481
00:57:23,833 --> 00:57:27,583
that heavy equipment had to be brought in
to speed the work of cleaning up.
482
00:58:17,417 --> 00:58:20,042
This was Bergen-Belsen.
483
00:58:24,417 --> 00:58:26,625
[no audible narration]
484
00:58:27,305 --> 00:58:33,867
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