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Imagine creatures so beautiful...
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00:00:12,106 --> 00:00:15,705
that people thought they had come down
directly from Heaven.
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00:00:15,706 --> 00:00:16,985
So striking...
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00:00:16,986 --> 00:00:19,585
that the first Europeans to see them
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00:00:19,586 --> 00:00:23,225
thought they could only have escaped
from the Garden of Eden.
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00:00:23,226 --> 00:00:26,893
In fact, that Eden was New Guinea...
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00:00:28,551 --> 00:00:33,092
..one of the last inhabited islands
to be explored by Europeans.
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00:00:33,751 --> 00:00:36,350
And it remains virtually the only place
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00:00:36,351 --> 00:00:39,288
where you can see
these wonderful creatures.
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00:00:39,476 --> 00:00:41,035
They were birds,
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00:00:41,036 --> 00:00:44,900
but unlike birds
that anyone had ever seen before.
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00:00:44,998 --> 00:00:49,998
They brought the image of beauty
almost to the edge of absurdity.
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00:00:50,401 --> 00:00:51,803
And their displays
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00:00:51,803 --> 00:00:56,162
were even more extraordinary
and bizarre than their appearance
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00:00:56,163 --> 00:01:00,341
some of the most complex to be found
in the animal kingdom.
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00:01:00,341 --> 00:01:03,420
They may not have come
from the Garden of Eden,
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00:01:03,420 --> 00:01:05,131
but they certainly deserved the name
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00:01:05,132 --> 00:01:07,990
that the first European scientists
gave them -
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00:01:07,990 --> 00:01:10,584
the birds of paradise.
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00:01:11,332 --> 00:01:14,891
Yet much of what they do
is still unknown.
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00:01:14,892 --> 00:01:17,219
More than 150 years after
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00:01:17,219 --> 00:01:20,477
the first scientific observations
of these creatures,
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00:01:20,478 --> 00:01:22,924
in spite of innumerable expeditions
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00:01:22,924 --> 00:01:26,039
and countless hours
of scientific observation,
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00:01:26,048 --> 00:01:30,287
we are still only catching glimpses -
tantalising glimpses -
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00:01:30,288 --> 00:01:32,092
of these heavenly creatures.
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00:01:33,731 --> 00:01:37,130
A new generation of scientists,
and film crews,
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00:01:37,131 --> 00:01:39,438
are attempting to put that right.
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00:01:39,438 --> 00:01:43,589
But these remarkable birds
don't give up their secrets easily.
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Another expedition is setting off
to look for birds of paradise.
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00:02:53,018 --> 00:02:54,817
But this one is different.
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00:02:54,818 --> 00:02:59,581
This one is being mounted
by the New Guinea people themselves.
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00:03:00,617 --> 00:03:03,568
A new generation
of local conservationists
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00:03:03,568 --> 00:03:06,967
are concerned that
paradise bird numbers may be falling.
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00:03:06,968 --> 00:03:09,927
(TWO-TONE SQUAWKING)
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00:03:09,928 --> 00:03:12,607
(HIGH-PITCHED THRUMMING)
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00:03:12,608 --> 00:03:15,727
This team is led by Miriam Supuma.
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With her is bird expert Paul Igag.
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MIRIAM: Ah! I've got my knickers wet!
(LAUGHING)
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00:03:26,848 --> 00:03:31,592
Miriam's love of nature began in
a small village school in the mountains.
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00:03:32,969 --> 00:03:34,197
To follow that passion,
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00:03:34,197 --> 00:03:35,530
she learned English,
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00:03:35,530 --> 00:03:41,025
got herself to university, and finished
her ecology fieldwork in Australia.
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Over the next three months,
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00:03:48,228 --> 00:03:52,830
she aims to see and document
ten birds of paradise species.
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00:03:54,429 --> 00:03:58,294
She has agreed
to let our camera crew go with her.
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00:04:07,149 --> 00:04:10,228
They're starting with
the smallest of the family -
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the king bird.
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00:04:18,428 --> 00:04:20,829
Miriam searches for signs.
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00:04:21,988 --> 00:04:25,851
You have to know what to look for...
and she does.
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00:04:27,058 --> 00:04:30,467
You can see peck marks
on this fruit here.
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00:04:30,467 --> 00:04:33,748
(REPEATED CHIRPS)
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00:04:33,749 --> 00:04:35,508
That's his call,
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but she just can't see him.
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It tends to like this area.
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00:04:40,518 --> 00:04:43,712
One of the reasons is because
of the light coming through.
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They're show-off birds,
so they like to show their plumage
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00:04:46,713 --> 00:04:50,864
and the light complements
their bright plumage.
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00:04:51,889 --> 00:04:53,648
The signs are good.
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00:04:53,649 --> 00:04:55,728
They decide to build a hide.
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00:04:55,729 --> 00:04:59,803
It must be big enough
to seat her and the camera crew.
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00:05:02,729 --> 00:05:04,448
But there's a problem.
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00:05:04,449 --> 00:05:08,084
A dead banana tree
blocks the camera's view.
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00:05:09,448 --> 00:05:13,051
Miriam has it... gently pruned back!
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00:05:16,209 --> 00:05:19,728
(REPEATED SHRIEKING CALLS)
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00:05:19,729 --> 00:05:22,048
She's confident
the birds will return.
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00:05:22,049 --> 00:05:26,577
This is the mating season,
when they become less shy.
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00:05:29,193 --> 00:05:32,140
She discovered this
when she was still a student.
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00:05:33,187 --> 00:05:35,192
Working in the forest
early one morning,
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00:05:35,193 --> 00:05:38,573
she spotted a bird of paradise
high in the tree tops...
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00:05:40,106 --> 00:05:44,512
..and below it, another preening
its plumes in the morning sun.
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(HIGH HONKING)
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00:05:48,433 --> 00:05:51,118
And then they displayed.
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00:05:51,993 --> 00:05:54,801
The sight changed her life.
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00:05:57,073 --> 00:06:00,913
On that day, I noticed about
six or seven birds of paradise,
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00:06:01,233 --> 00:06:05,192
singing and dancing, and it just
continued for five or ten minutes.
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00:06:05,193 --> 00:06:08,938
I stopped what I was doing -
I was measuring trees at the time.
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00:06:08,938 --> 00:06:11,352
I was looking at it -
just staring at it in awe.
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00:06:11,353 --> 00:06:16,353
(REPEATED SHRIEKING CALLS)
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00:06:17,489 --> 00:06:22,489
Naturalists fall in love with nature
and then come back for more.
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00:06:25,840 --> 00:06:29,128
Seven years on,
and experience has taught Miriam
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00:06:29,129 --> 00:06:31,688
that the best way to observe
the male king bird
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00:06:31,689 --> 00:06:36,689
is to find his display perch
and then wait for him to arrive.
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00:06:40,969 --> 00:06:43,743
Teaches you a lot of patience,
doesn't it?
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00:06:45,532 --> 00:06:49,338
And patience can often pay off.
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00:06:49,339 --> 00:06:51,578
Oh, there it is. Wow!
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00:06:51,579 --> 00:06:53,654
The king bird.
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00:06:55,099 --> 00:06:58,198
It's facing that way
with its back towards us.
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00:06:58,198 --> 00:07:00,386
You can see the red back.
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00:07:02,459 --> 00:07:04,846
It's gone up into the canopy.
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00:07:04,979 --> 00:07:09,174
He's a deep chilli-pepper red
with a snow-white breast.
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00:07:09,267 --> 00:07:11,866
Two long quills sprout from his tail,
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00:07:11,867 --> 00:07:15,059
each tipped by a green disc like a coin.
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00:07:15,147 --> 00:07:18,950
That was a...that was a rare moment.
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00:07:20,433 --> 00:07:23,369
Oh, there - there it is again. Wow!
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00:07:23,747 --> 00:07:25,066
She's thrilled.
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00:07:25,067 --> 00:07:28,146
With other males calling
in the forest nearby,
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00:07:28,147 --> 00:07:31,506
Miriam is sure that she's found
a good population here.
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00:07:31,507 --> 00:07:33,346
(NEARBY BIRD CHEEPING)
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00:07:33,347 --> 00:07:35,066
(TWO-TONE SQUAWKS)
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00:07:35,067 --> 00:07:38,988
The male king bird will call
to the females in the area.
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00:07:43,140 --> 00:07:46,393
If none come,
he will perform without them.
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00:07:52,290 --> 00:07:54,107
After puffing himself up,
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00:07:54,107 --> 00:07:56,946
he flicks his quills above his head
and waggles them,
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00:07:56,947 --> 00:08:00,462
making the little discs dance
in the air above him.
106
00:08:05,427 --> 00:08:08,226
(TWO-TONE SQUAWKS)
107
00:08:08,227 --> 00:08:10,837
He's still hoping for an audience.
108
00:08:13,507 --> 00:08:16,346
Undeterred, he ends with a flourish.
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00:08:17,571 --> 00:08:21,091
He swings upside down
and locks his legs...
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00:08:22,027 --> 00:08:26,113
..and then he turns himself
into a pendulum.
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00:08:26,947 --> 00:08:31,947
(TWO-TONE SQUAWKS)
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00:08:32,827 --> 00:08:35,597
The king bird is a soloist.
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00:08:37,027 --> 00:08:42,027
The males of many other species
display in groups.
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00:08:42,467 --> 00:08:44,706
(REPEATED HOOTING)
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00:08:44,707 --> 00:08:47,466
(HIGHER-PITCHED, QUICKER HOOTING)
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00:08:47,467 --> 00:08:50,547
These are the greater birds of paradise.
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00:08:52,660 --> 00:08:57,987
Males assemble every day in one special
tree, waiting for a female to arrive.
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00:08:59,972 --> 00:09:03,267
When one does,
they all snap into action.
119
00:09:04,012 --> 00:09:09,012
(URGENT HOOTING)
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00:09:13,252 --> 00:09:16,462
And she selects the one she prefers.
121
00:09:18,632 --> 00:09:23,745
She's rewarded with a one-on-one,
starting with pecks on the head.
122
00:09:26,474 --> 00:09:29,584
And eventually she accepts him.
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00:09:31,495 --> 00:09:35,774
While all the males may appear
equally gorgeous to our eyes,
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00:09:35,774 --> 00:09:39,244
females apparently
detect differences.
125
00:09:39,245 --> 00:09:42,497
What's more, they nearly all mate
with the same male.
126
00:09:43,845 --> 00:09:46,292
By selecting the finest plumes
in this way,
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00:09:46,292 --> 00:09:50,875
the females have increased the males'
beauty, generation after generation,
128
00:09:50,875 --> 00:09:55,031
and so brought these magnificent dances
into existence.
129
00:09:56,565 --> 00:10:00,038
(AEROPLANE ENGINE THROBS)
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00:10:00,638 --> 00:10:05,330
The spectacular beauty of their birds
fascinates the people of New Guinea,
131
00:10:05,454 --> 00:10:08,801
as I discovered back in 1957.
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00:10:13,023 --> 00:10:16,062
I knew that the bird of paradise plumes
were important,
133
00:10:16,063 --> 00:10:19,301
and I quickly discovered
just how important.
134
00:10:20,312 --> 00:10:22,695
The plumes
are the equivalent of money
135
00:10:22,945 --> 00:10:27,019
and an essential payment in the bargaining
that goes on between families
136
00:10:27,019 --> 00:10:29,646
when fixing a wedding settlement...
137
00:10:31,305 --> 00:10:33,108
(SINGING AND CHANTING)
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00:10:33,108 --> 00:10:35,480
..and when men want to dance.
139
00:10:38,843 --> 00:10:43,600
And what I saw 50 years ago
is still going on today.
140
00:10:48,280 --> 00:10:51,265
Goroka Town,
in the heart of the mountains.
141
00:10:51,266 --> 00:10:56,266
It's festival time
and feathers are still essential headwear.
142
00:11:02,277 --> 00:11:06,239
Go, go with the photograph
if you can, or...
143
00:11:06,501 --> 00:11:09,373
It's a key moment in the year
for Miriam's research.
144
00:11:09,373 --> 00:11:12,723
Look at these and then look
at what's on the headdresses.
145
00:11:13,797 --> 00:11:17,810
The feathers of many different species
of bird are used in the headdresses,
146
00:11:17,810 --> 00:11:22,298
and the team want to find out
how many come from birds of paradise.
147
00:11:23,077 --> 00:11:26,949
These scenes are not very different
from those I filmed myself
148
00:11:27,074 --> 00:11:29,139
half a century earlier.
149
00:11:29,797 --> 00:11:31,636
RECORDING: There were 500 of these men,
150
00:11:31,637 --> 00:11:35,396
stamping up and down monotonously
and unceasingly.
151
00:11:35,397 --> 00:11:37,583
And as I watched them, I realised
152
00:11:37,583 --> 00:11:41,409
that here was the reason why no-one
had brought us birds of paradise.
153
00:11:41,917 --> 00:11:45,196
NARRATION: Miriam wants to see
my footage from 1957
154
00:11:45,197 --> 00:11:50,197
so she can compare the numbers and species
used by dancers then and now.
155
00:11:51,627 --> 00:11:55,516
RECORDING: Each man was wearing
the feathers of 30 or 40 birds.
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00:11:55,517 --> 00:11:57,902
At this one dance, we were seeing
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00:11:57,902 --> 00:12:02,630
the plumes of over 20,000
slaughtered birds of paradise.
158
00:12:03,637 --> 00:12:06,763
NARRATION: The desire to possess
the beauty of the birds
159
00:12:06,763 --> 00:12:12,017
is an ancient obsession
still alive in these tribal lands.
160
00:12:18,673 --> 00:12:21,262
The island of New Guinea is huge.
161
00:12:21,793 --> 00:12:23,388
1,000 miles long,
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00:12:23,388 --> 00:12:25,893
lying between Australia and the equator,
163
00:12:25,893 --> 00:12:30,567
it was pushed up from the bottom
of the sea way back in geological time.
164
00:12:33,346 --> 00:12:37,135
A few land mammals from Australia
managed to get here,
165
00:12:37,135 --> 00:12:42,009
including some marsupials
such as the strange tree kangaroo.
166
00:12:47,732 --> 00:12:51,185
But there are no indigenous
carnivorous mammals here.
167
00:12:53,492 --> 00:12:59,265
With fruit growing all the year round,
this is indeed a paradise for birds.
168
00:12:59,265 --> 00:13:03,452
(PLAINTIVE CRYING)
169
00:13:07,932 --> 00:13:10,856
Then, some 30,000 years ago,
170
00:13:10,856 --> 00:13:15,634
the greatest threat to their existence
walked in on two legs.
171
00:13:18,079 --> 00:13:23,301
But today, there are people here
whose only aim is to protect the birds.
172
00:13:24,884 --> 00:13:29,216
Paul Igag was brought up on the coast,
a fisherman's son.
173
00:13:31,084 --> 00:13:34,356
Paul gave up the fishing life
to study biology.
174
00:13:35,623 --> 00:13:37,334
He married a highland girl
175
00:13:37,334 --> 00:13:40,998
and stayed up here
to pursue his love of forest birds.
176
00:13:40,998 --> 00:13:43,893
(BIRDS WHISTLE AND CHIRP)
177
00:13:43,894 --> 00:13:45,933
(PLAINTIVE CRYING)
178
00:13:45,934 --> 00:13:49,231
The call of the raggiana bird of paradise.
179
00:13:49,231 --> 00:13:51,300
(CRYING)
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00:13:51,301 --> 00:13:56,301
(WHISPERS) You can see a male up there
with full adult plumage.
181
00:13:57,101 --> 00:13:59,456
He's trying to attract females.
182
00:14:06,821 --> 00:14:11,102
Paul has seen many
of the forest's rarest bird species.
183
00:14:11,365 --> 00:14:15,916
He builds platforms in the canopy
where he can sit quietly and wait.
184
00:14:20,624 --> 00:14:25,043
Some birds are quite bold
and seem undisturbed by his presence.
185
00:14:25,043 --> 00:14:26,903
(WHIRRING SQUAWKS)
186
00:14:26,904 --> 00:14:32,044
Others are much more wary, like
the magnificent rifle bird of paradise.
187
00:14:39,653 --> 00:14:44,417
Paul has been watching the birds
intensively for over 15 years.
188
00:14:44,417 --> 00:14:48,291
(WHIRRING SQUAWKS)
189
00:14:48,292 --> 00:14:51,591
His tracking skills
are crucial to the project.
190
00:14:54,443 --> 00:14:57,812
(DISTANT HOOTING AND WHISTLING)
191
00:15:05,354 --> 00:15:08,162
Together, Paul and Miriam
start to identify
192
00:15:08,162 --> 00:15:11,153
the bird populations
that may need protection.
193
00:15:11,154 --> 00:15:13,154
(WHIRRING SQUAWKS)
194
00:15:18,865 --> 00:15:23,507
Paul is taking Miriam
to a remote village southeast of Goroka.
195
00:15:28,425 --> 00:15:31,998
(MUSIC DROWNS SPEECH)
196
00:15:31,998 --> 00:15:34,606
As I did on my own journey
to the interior,
197
00:15:34,606 --> 00:15:38,584
they have to cross high mountain ranges
blanketed by forest.
198
00:15:41,433 --> 00:15:47,153
Between these walls of rock
lie immense valleys like the Wahgi.
199
00:15:50,503 --> 00:15:54,581
Hundreds of tribes have lived
on the island for thousands of years,
200
00:15:55,947 --> 00:15:59,445
separated by these barriers
of water and rock.
201
00:16:04,843 --> 00:16:07,322
800 languages have evolved,
202
00:16:07,323 --> 00:16:11,678
some as different from one another
as English is to Chinese.
203
00:16:14,828 --> 00:16:18,888
The language of Haia village
is spoken only here.
204
00:16:20,241 --> 00:16:24,682
Even today, the only contact between
these people and the outside world
205
00:16:24,682 --> 00:16:27,661
is the plane that takes away
their coffee beans.
206
00:16:29,679 --> 00:16:32,059
It's a warm welcome back for Paul.
207
00:16:32,059 --> 00:16:36,558
He's been coming here for the last
few years to help map tribal boundaries.
208
00:16:45,981 --> 00:16:49,118
This forest belongs to the Haia people.
209
00:16:49,564 --> 00:16:51,653
They have always been hunters,
210
00:16:51,653 --> 00:16:55,236
but now they are helping to record
the rich wildlife.
211
00:16:59,994 --> 00:17:04,021
One day, all this may become
a protected reserve.
212
00:17:04,556 --> 00:17:09,453
For now, it's hundreds of square miles
of untouched mountain forest.
213
00:17:11,646 --> 00:17:16,473
For the villagers, a wildlife reserve
could bring work and education.
214
00:17:16,805 --> 00:17:18,515
There's a lot at stake.
215
00:17:24,726 --> 00:17:28,880
The locals' hunting knowledge
is invaluable for the project.
216
00:17:29,545 --> 00:17:34,021
Paul and Miriam need to find
natural paths and trees in fruit
217
00:17:34,021 --> 00:17:37,012
if they are to locate
all the threatened species.
218
00:17:46,511 --> 00:17:50,588
The three foot long tail feathers
of the male black sicklebill
219
00:17:50,588 --> 00:17:53,910
are the reason why his kind
is almost extinct locally.
220
00:17:57,643 --> 00:18:00,516
His plumes fetch the highest prices
221
00:18:00,641 --> 00:18:03,424
but hunting here has now been banned.
222
00:18:07,653 --> 00:18:11,216
This trip is to find
two special birds of paradise
223
00:18:11,216 --> 00:18:13,698
that are still unprotected by law.
224
00:18:14,656 --> 00:18:18,300
One of them can sometimes be seen
in the very early mornings,
225
00:18:18,300 --> 00:18:21,612
busy on the floor
of the darkest parts of the forest.
226
00:18:24,042 --> 00:18:27,768
Miriam is looking for
the parotia bird of paradise,
227
00:18:27,768 --> 00:18:30,727
a bird with a very special dance.
228
00:18:35,250 --> 00:18:39,391
The male parotia is most particular
about where he dances,
229
00:18:39,785 --> 00:18:42,372
and this could be the place.
230
00:18:48,098 --> 00:18:51,078
Paul is looking for
the magnificent bird of paradise,
231
00:18:51,078 --> 00:18:53,778
a bird which also displays
close to the ground,
232
00:18:53,778 --> 00:18:56,372
and is therefore
very vulnerable to hunters.
233
00:18:58,312 --> 00:18:59,698
"Well, that's it," I said.
234
00:18:59,698 --> 00:19:03,006
"That's the display court,
and we're going to get him there."
235
00:19:03,048 --> 00:19:05,734
We didn't want to spend
a long time in that area because...
236
00:19:05,734 --> 00:19:08,101
we want to come back
and see the birds, or...
237
00:19:08,101 --> 00:19:12,759
our presence there might, you know...
you know like spoil everything.
238
00:19:12,759 --> 00:19:15,695
(THUNDER)
239
00:19:15,823 --> 00:19:20,067
Six inches of rain can fall
in a single day on Crater Mountain.
240
00:19:21,707 --> 00:19:23,139
And during the downpours,
241
00:19:23,139 --> 00:19:26,866
the birds of paradise
shelter beneath the leaves.
242
00:19:32,747 --> 00:19:34,111
MIRIAM: I was sitting in the hide
243
00:19:34,111 --> 00:19:37,699
thinking we might not get to see
anything because it did rain.
244
00:19:37,699 --> 00:19:39,991
(WHISPERS) Bloody mosquitoes.
245
00:19:42,490 --> 00:19:47,028
And then I heard a male parotia.
246
00:19:47,570 --> 00:19:50,101
There were other males
calling as well.
247
00:19:58,857 --> 00:20:01,136
NARRATION: Black as the blackest night,
248
00:20:01,137 --> 00:20:03,896
he seems
to absorb all the light around him.
249
00:20:03,897 --> 00:20:06,865
He is Lawes's parotia.
250
00:20:10,686 --> 00:20:13,965
On his head,
six strange wire-like plumes,
251
00:20:13,966 --> 00:20:16,596
each tipped with a black pennant.
252
00:20:28,046 --> 00:20:32,975
On his chest, a shield
of iridescent green and gold.
253
00:20:48,255 --> 00:20:50,032
This is his court,
254
00:20:50,032 --> 00:20:55,140
a stage he has carefully cleared
so that he can dance unimpeded.
255
00:20:55,926 --> 00:21:00,787
Clearing away last night's leaf fall
is essential housekeeping.
256
00:21:03,726 --> 00:21:05,895
A female arrives.
257
00:21:05,895 --> 00:21:10,013
She is comparatively drab
with none of his flashy glamour.
258
00:21:10,206 --> 00:21:14,108
She's touring all the courts in
the neighbourhood to choose a mate.
259
00:21:16,446 --> 00:21:18,452
He sets about impressing her.
260
00:21:25,312 --> 00:21:29,422
But one of his rivals
has called by uninvited.
261
00:21:34,102 --> 00:21:36,426
And he is followed by others.
262
00:21:41,974 --> 00:21:45,946
More females arrive
and take up seats for the performance.
263
00:21:52,929 --> 00:21:57,974
(SQUAWKING)
264
00:21:58,367 --> 00:22:01,784
Tensions rise but nobody dances.
265
00:22:17,671 --> 00:22:21,198
Suddenly, one of the intruders
mates with a female.
266
00:22:25,637 --> 00:22:27,557
Another male does the same.
267
00:22:27,557 --> 00:22:29,978
The court has become a free-for-all.
268
00:22:33,802 --> 00:22:36,612
It's not what Miriam expected.
269
00:22:37,291 --> 00:22:41,606
(WHISPERS) They just went straight
into mating without even any dance at all.
270
00:22:41,606 --> 00:22:45,500
(WHISPERS) It's almost like skipping dinner
and getting straight into dessert.
271
00:22:48,315 --> 00:22:51,493
It would be nice to see them
actually dancing.
272
00:22:51,511 --> 00:22:55,362
Sitting in the hide for three or four
hours isn't fun with all the mosquitoes,
273
00:22:55,362 --> 00:23:00,544
and you'd like to go away feeling
that you'd seen, you know the whole performance.
274
00:23:02,156 --> 00:23:04,821
NARRATION: It's possible that the birds
had been disturbed
275
00:23:04,821 --> 00:23:07,970
by the presence of humans
in the forest around.
276
00:23:20,297 --> 00:23:22,625
It will be several days before
they venture back
277
00:23:22,625 --> 00:23:24,801
to try another filming session.
278
00:23:29,757 --> 00:23:33,589
Paul has been searching for
the magnificent bird of paradise
279
00:23:33,589 --> 00:23:35,241
for a few days now,
280
00:23:35,477 --> 00:23:39,159
listening for their calls
and quietly assessing their numbers.
281
00:23:39,837 --> 00:23:43,874
He recently saw one far from here
in the town market.
282
00:23:49,498 --> 00:23:52,162
All birds of paradise have a street value.
283
00:23:52,428 --> 00:23:55,617
It's not illegal for local people
to hunt them or sell them.
284
00:23:55,618 --> 00:23:57,886
They're a way of making some cash.
285
00:23:59,709 --> 00:24:01,499
PAUL: This is a magnificent bird
of paradise.
286
00:24:01,499 --> 00:24:05,728
The hunters have mounted the bird's skin,
complete with feathers, on a stick,
287
00:24:05,728 --> 00:24:08,317
ready to be stuck into a headdress.
288
00:24:16,064 --> 00:24:18,060
Another bird wanders by.
289
00:24:18,060 --> 00:24:21,401
A pheasant pigeon,
feeding on the forest floor.
290
00:24:33,175 --> 00:24:36,452
But this is a female magnificent.
291
00:24:37,285 --> 00:24:38,652
And here's another.
292
00:24:40,327 --> 00:24:41,349
(WHISPERS) There's the female.
293
00:24:41,349 --> 00:24:43,036
Things look promising.
294
00:24:43,037 --> 00:24:45,867
They can only have come for one reason.
295
00:24:47,758 --> 00:24:51,024
A flicker of gold and there he is -
296
00:24:51,024 --> 00:24:54,049
the magnificent bird of paradise.
297
00:25:00,296 --> 00:25:05,054
The male magnificent is clearing away
leaves that have fallen on his court.
298
00:25:08,096 --> 00:25:12,175
Doves and pigeons are helping
by picking up a few seeds.
299
00:25:19,447 --> 00:25:22,234
He's stripping away moss and leaves,
300
00:25:22,234 --> 00:25:25,801
letting shafts of sunlight
into his display court.
301
00:25:25,801 --> 00:25:28,049
He wants to look his best.
302
00:25:30,383 --> 00:25:33,741
PAUL: It's really interesting to see
a magnificent bird of paradise.
303
00:25:33,997 --> 00:25:37,937
The feathers are quite bright and you
could see it out there.
304
00:25:37,937 --> 00:25:40,571
It's like a... like a flame.
305
00:25:41,663 --> 00:25:45,536
The stage seems set
but there's a distraction -
306
00:25:45,536 --> 00:25:47,150
another male.
307
00:25:50,727 --> 00:25:53,491
There's a standoff
between the two males...
308
00:25:55,287 --> 00:25:58,050
Then the females take action.
309
00:26:00,368 --> 00:26:03,387
Surprisingly,
they charge the intruder...
310
00:26:03,576 --> 00:26:07,893
(SHORT, SHARP CALLS)
311
00:26:07,893 --> 00:26:09,462
..and drive him out.
312
00:26:18,752 --> 00:26:21,288
With his stage
now to himself,
313
00:26:21,289 --> 00:26:26,289
the court-maker can give the most
interested female all his attention.
314
00:26:34,969 --> 00:26:38,393
He begins to transform himself for her.
315
00:26:41,498 --> 00:26:43,689
Puffing and pulsing
his breast feathers
316
00:26:43,690 --> 00:26:45,792
creates a special effect -
317
00:26:46,870 --> 00:26:50,170
an emerald-green,
heart-shaped breast shield
318
00:26:50,170 --> 00:26:52,329
to dazzle her with.
319
00:26:55,210 --> 00:26:58,489
Next to his eyes,
two tiny iridescent spots
320
00:26:58,490 --> 00:26:59,792
flash at her.
321
00:27:04,187 --> 00:27:08,494
You might think that this little jewel of
a bird was one of a kind.
322
00:27:09,762 --> 00:27:12,688
But he has a cousin on an offshore island
323
00:27:12,688 --> 00:27:16,465
that, in isolation,
has changed into a different species.
324
00:27:17,308 --> 00:27:19,709
Wilson's bird of paradise.
325
00:27:20,144 --> 00:27:23,147
Both have those sickle-shaped tail quills.
326
00:27:23,147 --> 00:27:25,835
But his cousin has a bald head.
327
00:27:26,636 --> 00:27:29,122
And his scalp is blue.
328
00:27:30,543 --> 00:27:34,061
And whereas the magnificent's back
is golden yellow,
329
00:27:34,218 --> 00:27:37,072
his cousin's back has turned red.
330
00:27:45,166 --> 00:27:48,369
Different populations isolated in
different areas
331
00:27:48,370 --> 00:27:50,863
are still evolving different plumes
332
00:27:50,864 --> 00:27:53,905
to match the tastes of the local females.
333
00:28:03,688 --> 00:28:06,363
PAUL: We were thinking,
"When is mating taking place?
334
00:28:06,363 --> 00:28:08,266
"When is mating taking place?"
335
00:28:08,266 --> 00:28:11,685
It's an activity
that probably goes on for a while,
336
00:28:11,685 --> 00:28:15,716
until only the birds know
when it is the right time.
337
00:28:17,847 --> 00:28:22,206
It's Paul's first sighting of
a magnificent bird of paradise
338
00:28:22,207 --> 00:28:25,432
after 15 years working
in the forest.
339
00:28:29,801 --> 00:28:31,218
Several days later,
340
00:28:31,218 --> 00:28:34,330
Miriam returns to
the court of the parotia.
341
00:28:36,762 --> 00:28:40,001
The male is back on his dancing ground.
342
00:28:40,798 --> 00:28:43,204
But the camera can't get a proper view.
343
00:28:43,429 --> 00:28:45,437
A log has dropped.
344
00:28:46,949 --> 00:28:49,135
It's too late to build another hide.
345
00:28:49,291 --> 00:28:52,166
Instead, the crew has to make adjustments.
346
00:28:54,520 --> 00:28:56,718
The log is propped up.
347
00:28:58,780 --> 00:29:00,212
There is a risk, of course,
348
00:29:00,212 --> 00:29:02,691
that the court owner will notice
the change
349
00:29:02,692 --> 00:29:04,697
and never come back.
350
00:29:08,343 --> 00:29:09,866
But he does.
351
00:29:11,005 --> 00:29:13,516
It's a very promising start.
352
00:29:18,318 --> 00:29:20,637
He removes little bits of litter
353
00:29:20,638 --> 00:29:24,663
and prepares to perform one of
the most complex dance routines
354
00:29:24,664 --> 00:29:27,384
in the whole bird world.
355
00:30:23,215 --> 00:30:28,215
But now there's trouble -
an intruder. Another male.
356
00:30:41,474 --> 00:30:45,335
(AGGRESSIVE SQUAWKING)
357
00:31:03,109 --> 00:31:06,701
But the owner of the court
is not put off.
358
00:31:22,749 --> 00:31:26,235
And that is how it's supposed to be.
359
00:32:26,269 --> 00:32:28,068
Seeing the parotia dance
360
00:32:28,069 --> 00:32:33,069
gives Miriam an insight into
the intimate rituals of her people.
361
00:32:35,355 --> 00:32:36,762
MIRIAM: When I was sitting in the hide,
362
00:32:36,762 --> 00:32:39,577
I was thinking back to the people
here in Papua New Guinea,
363
00:32:39,577 --> 00:32:42,451
they have these gatherings
where they go into a hut and they...
364
00:32:42,451 --> 00:32:45,782
sit in a row and alternate
male-female, male-female.
365
00:32:45,782 --> 00:32:48,836
They start singing and rocking their heads
back and forth.
366
00:32:48,836 --> 00:32:51,552
It's like picking out
someone they fancy.
367
00:32:51,684 --> 00:32:56,394
I can understand why, when they
do their traditional dance,
368
00:32:56,395 --> 00:32:58,006
they put the feathers on.
369
00:32:58,006 --> 00:33:04,314
Probably, to them, it represents
something that's... that's kind of sacred
370
00:33:04,314 --> 00:33:06,114
they find in the forest,
371
00:33:06,115 --> 00:33:11,747
and because of the birds' behaviour,
it's a very unique and special bird.
372
00:33:20,850 --> 00:33:25,293
NARRATION: Papuans are steeped in
the mysteries of their tribal past.
373
00:33:26,365 --> 00:33:28,524
Nobody knows it all,
374
00:33:28,525 --> 00:33:33,525
only that birds and humans have
been together for thousands of years.
375
00:33:37,565 --> 00:33:42,565
The desire to possess the beauty of
the birds is an ancient obsession.
376
00:33:52,327 --> 00:33:57,327
Everywhere, the paradise birds
are hunted and their plumes treasured...
377
00:33:58,209 --> 00:34:02,222
and stored on the rafters
in houses throughout the land.
378
00:34:15,581 --> 00:34:19,246
These precious feathers
are kept in bamboo tubes,
379
00:34:19,781 --> 00:34:24,272
ready to adorn the bodies
of a new generation,
380
00:34:24,289 --> 00:34:28,415
to help them begin
a new cycle of human life.
381
00:34:40,149 --> 00:34:45,649
(DRUMMING AND SINGING)
382
00:34:52,431 --> 00:34:55,549
Miriam and her team
are counting feathers.
383
00:34:55,551 --> 00:35:00,357
She wants clues as to which birds
are suffering most from hunting.
384
00:35:03,479 --> 00:35:08,364
They question the dancers about where
and how they got their feathers.
385
00:35:08,578 --> 00:35:13,095
(HE SPEAKS IN HIS OWN LANGUAGE)
386
00:35:13,095 --> 00:35:16,837
She's keen to know about
one species in particular.
387
00:35:17,540 --> 00:35:20,743
What I have here
is the blue bird of paradise.
388
00:35:21,019 --> 00:35:24,724
I've seen it worn by some of
the highlanders on the headdress.
389
00:35:24,724 --> 00:35:28,921
NARRATION: It's a very vulnerable bird
and its feathers fetch high prices.
390
00:35:29,259 --> 00:35:31,756
MIRIAM: It's been hunted heavily
in the past.
391
00:35:31,756 --> 00:35:33,710
I haven't seen it
displayed in the wild
392
00:35:33,710 --> 00:35:37,063
and if I did,
that would be something.
393
00:35:37,871 --> 00:35:40,890
NARRATION: In the meantime,
beliefs die hard,
394
00:35:40,890 --> 00:35:45,208
but among them, there are some
that can actually protect the birds.
395
00:35:52,269 --> 00:35:55,735
There's a fear of angering
the spirit world.
396
00:35:55,900 --> 00:35:59,949
And where spirits live,
hunters will not go.
397
00:36:03,998 --> 00:36:07,788
PAUL: Imagine a mountain that is
covered in forest.
398
00:36:07,788 --> 00:36:12,898
No-one goes up there. People
believe that there is a spirit up there.
399
00:36:13,168 --> 00:36:18,000
People don't touch that mountain,
so that forest remains intact.
400
00:36:24,398 --> 00:36:27,371
For us, working in conservation,
it works perfectly -
401
00:36:27,840 --> 00:36:31,255
it leaves that place unspoiled.
402
00:36:34,974 --> 00:36:37,695
NARRATION: Early one morning,
Paul and Miriam
403
00:36:37,695 --> 00:36:41,862
begin climbing up to part of the forest
where hunters fear to tread
404
00:36:41,862 --> 00:36:44,683
to look for two special
birds of paradise.
405
00:36:47,894 --> 00:36:52,190
Different species live at different
altitudes, depending on the rainfall
406
00:36:52,190 --> 00:36:55,944
and the type of fruit trees
growing at different levels.
407
00:36:59,475 --> 00:37:03,462
Even today, not a great deal
is known about these birds -
408
00:37:03,635 --> 00:37:05,035
where they nest,
409
00:37:05,035 --> 00:37:06,605
how they raise their young,
410
00:37:06,605 --> 00:37:10,185
where the species overlap,
even interbreed.
411
00:37:11,125 --> 00:37:14,667
Biologists are still
trying to find the answers.
412
00:37:18,558 --> 00:37:22,357
Field work like this
brings its own delights.
413
00:37:22,991 --> 00:37:24,840
MIRIAM: Ah! I got my knickers wet!
414
00:37:25,471 --> 00:37:26,971
(LAUGHING)
415
00:37:28,991 --> 00:37:31,810
MIRIAM: It's a challenge in itself
to working -
416
00:37:32,136 --> 00:37:34,922
being a researcher
and working in a remote area.
417
00:37:34,977 --> 00:37:38,840
Sometimes you get to spend
months and months out in the field
418
00:37:39,015 --> 00:37:41,468
and you miss your comforts in life.
419
00:37:43,593 --> 00:37:45,661
The trade-off is that
you get to listen to
420
00:37:45,661 --> 00:37:48,239
birds singing in the morning.
421
00:37:48,239 --> 00:37:50,437
You wake up to that every day.
422
00:37:53,433 --> 00:37:57,602
NARRATION: Miriam is looking for
the blue bird of paradise.
423
00:37:58,605 --> 00:38:02,337
In undisturbed forest, she hopes
to find populations of birds
424
00:38:02,422 --> 00:38:05,074
that will be less wary of humans.
425
00:38:12,316 --> 00:38:15,755
Paul is looking for
the superb bird of paradise,
426
00:38:15,756 --> 00:38:18,828
whose breast feathers
are so sought-after.
427
00:38:22,151 --> 00:38:24,612
It calls in the dense mid-canopy,
428
00:38:24,612 --> 00:38:29,100
but it displays on or near the ground
and in open spaces.
429
00:38:33,569 --> 00:38:37,332
A large fallen tree
and there's a hopeful sign here.
430
00:38:37,976 --> 00:38:40,891
On one side,
some of the moss is missing.
431
00:38:40,891 --> 00:38:44,038
Small dancing feet
could have rubbed it away.
432
00:38:44,696 --> 00:38:48,497
This could be a good place
to watch for the superb.
433
00:38:49,023 --> 00:38:51,403
But the weather is not good.
434
00:38:51,403 --> 00:38:56,703
(WIND GUSTS)
435
00:39:01,503 --> 00:39:05,946
In wind and rain,
birds, like people, take shelter.
436
00:39:06,159 --> 00:39:10,018
There is nothing to be done except
wait for a break in the weather.
437
00:39:13,194 --> 00:39:16,388
It's now getting late
in the birds' breeding cycle.
438
00:39:16,388 --> 00:39:20,024
Their displays are becoming
less frequent and intense.
439
00:39:25,753 --> 00:39:28,850
It's been six days
since the team built the hide
440
00:39:28,850 --> 00:39:30,530
beside the fallen tree.
441
00:39:31,433 --> 00:39:35,066
Paul arrives in the rain
at five each morning,
442
00:39:35,066 --> 00:39:38,077
and leaves in the rain at noon.
443
00:39:38,215 --> 00:39:42,660
And the fallen tree
is just remaining a fallen tree.
444
00:39:46,375 --> 00:39:51,356
In a damp thicket, Miriam
is keeping vigil for the blue bird.
445
00:39:57,499 --> 00:39:58,699
Day seven,
446
00:39:58,699 --> 00:40:01,622
and finally a visitor to Paul's log,
447
00:40:01,852 --> 00:40:04,379
but it's only a ground dove.
448
00:40:04,579 --> 00:40:07,738
(SHRIEKING CALL)
449
00:40:07,792 --> 00:40:09,720
That's the call of the superb.
450
00:40:09,720 --> 00:40:13,410
He's making an advertising call
from a high point.
451
00:40:13,699 --> 00:40:16,748
(SQUAWKING)
452
00:40:16,748 --> 00:40:19,696
And it's not far from Paul's hide.
453
00:40:22,199 --> 00:40:24,325
(SQUAWKING)
454
00:40:24,325 --> 00:40:25,934
(WHISPERS) It's nearby.
455
00:40:26,128 --> 00:40:28,355
NARRATION: After many days of solid rain,
456
00:40:28,445 --> 00:40:31,572
the birds are quickly
becoming active again.
457
00:40:32,287 --> 00:40:34,207
Miriam's bird, a blue bird,
458
00:40:34,208 --> 00:40:37,514
has come to the edge of the thicket
and is calling.
459
00:40:38,244 --> 00:40:41,957
(WHISPERS) I wonder if that's
the same bird or two different birds.
460
00:40:45,155 --> 00:40:47,891
Paul's bird is calling non-stop.
461
00:40:47,891 --> 00:40:50,736
(SHRIEKING CALLS)
462
00:40:51,398 --> 00:40:53,019
And there he is.
463
00:40:56,750 --> 00:41:00,725
There's that fabulous
green and blue breast shield.
464
00:41:09,270 --> 00:41:11,431
(SHRIEKING)
465
00:41:11,431 --> 00:41:15,126
He's trying to entice
a female down from the canopy.
466
00:41:16,579 --> 00:41:18,365
(SQUAWKING)
467
00:41:20,951 --> 00:41:22,569
But that's not her.
468
00:41:22,741 --> 00:41:25,123
The call seems to irritate him.
469
00:41:31,687 --> 00:41:33,386
And there she is.
470
00:41:36,196 --> 00:41:39,237
He transforms himself.
471
00:41:44,389 --> 00:41:47,731
A black cape appears behind his head.
472
00:41:49,804 --> 00:41:53,442
Then he moves into
a trance-like state
473
00:41:53,442 --> 00:41:55,852
and he dances.
474
00:41:57,644 --> 00:42:02,644
(RHYTHMICAL CLICKING)
475
00:42:21,395 --> 00:42:23,465
Success.
476
00:42:26,607 --> 00:42:30,102
And here is that performance again.
477
00:42:30,277 --> 00:42:32,859
All is not what it seems.
478
00:42:34,717 --> 00:42:36,766
Those spots that look like eyes
479
00:42:36,766 --> 00:42:40,602
are in fact feathers
reflecting the dawn light.
480
00:42:41,453 --> 00:42:44,618
That clicking noise is not his wings
striking the wood,
481
00:42:44,618 --> 00:42:47,054
but quills
flicking against one another,
482
00:42:47,054 --> 00:42:49,306
like the clicking of fingers.
483
00:42:53,156 --> 00:42:55,965
Bizarre and beautiful.
484
00:42:57,664 --> 00:43:01,755
No wonder his breast shield
is so treasured by human dancers.
485
00:43:11,262 --> 00:43:12,888
It's day nine.
486
00:43:12,888 --> 00:43:15,781
Miriam is still waiting for
the blue bird to appear
487
00:43:15,782 --> 00:43:18,075
in the thicket in front of her.
488
00:43:18,902 --> 00:43:23,902
(DISTANT SHRIEKING)
489
00:43:24,541 --> 00:43:29,313
He calls from nearby trees.
Could the hide be putting him off?
490
00:43:35,058 --> 00:43:36,858
At last, he comes
491
00:43:37,598 --> 00:43:40,331
and takes up his position
on his favourite branch
492
00:43:40,331 --> 00:43:42,900
in his own special way.
493
00:43:44,238 --> 00:43:46,113
(WHISPERS) Wow!
494
00:43:51,409 --> 00:43:53,510
(WHISPERS) It's our lucky day.
495
00:44:04,530 --> 00:44:08,583
(WHISPERS) I've never seen anything
like this, this is crazy.
496
00:44:23,432 --> 00:44:26,191
NARRATION: It's a performance
of such exquisite beauty,
497
00:44:26,192 --> 00:44:29,504
it seems unfair that
no female is here to see it.
498
00:44:29,709 --> 00:44:32,820
He is serenading
like a love-struck Romeo,
499
00:44:32,820 --> 00:44:36,232
but the balcony above is empty.
500
00:44:41,612 --> 00:44:44,364
One can only sympathize.
501
00:44:53,469 --> 00:44:56,079
Male birds of paradise have
played to empty seats
502
00:44:56,079 --> 00:44:58,536
for hundreds of thousands
of years.
503
00:44:58,683 --> 00:45:01,173
It has been their special
evolutionary destiny
504
00:45:01,174 --> 00:45:04,133
to spend their lives
displaying their beauty.
505
00:45:04,227 --> 00:45:07,664
It's what makes them
so extraordinary.
506
00:45:12,802 --> 00:45:16,297
The next morning,
the male blue bird returns.
507
00:45:51,741 --> 00:45:53,826
Suddenly, he stops.
508
00:46:00,541 --> 00:46:03,448
Miriam has seen something off camera.
509
00:46:03,883 --> 00:46:06,602
There's a female in the tree above.
510
00:46:06,871 --> 00:46:09,145
(WHISPERS) She's here, she's here.
511
00:46:15,022 --> 00:46:18,483
And now she's here,
his performance changes.
512
00:46:18,630 --> 00:46:24,085
His pulsing gives way to a subtle
low buzzing that also throbs.
513
00:46:25,331 --> 00:46:27,674
It's barely audible to human ears,
514
00:46:28,020 --> 00:46:31,337
but the microphone picks it up
loud and clear.
515
00:46:33,643 --> 00:46:37,906
It's an unearthly sound
that he only makes in her presence.
516
00:46:37,906 --> 00:46:42,369
There's nothing like it to be heard
anywhere else in the bird world.
517
00:46:53,803 --> 00:46:58,803
(BUZZING AND THROBBING)
518
00:47:18,683 --> 00:47:22,758
MIRIAM: The vibrating movement
and the puffing of the chest
519
00:47:22,758 --> 00:47:27,143
to expose the black patch
was something intimate.
520
00:47:27,176 --> 00:47:30,030
And It only did that
when the female was next to him.
521
00:47:30,293 --> 00:47:34,889
Just looking at it gave you a sense
of guilty pleasure, just looking at them.
522
00:47:34,889 --> 00:47:40,336
It was something intimate
going on between the two birds.
523
00:47:42,286 --> 00:47:45,096
NARRATION: Moving closer,
but without touching him,
524
00:47:45,096 --> 00:47:49,969
the female seems to be studying
every feather of his vibrating body.
525
00:47:51,228 --> 00:47:53,559
Surely he's done enough...
526
00:47:55,801 --> 00:47:57,330
..but no.
527
00:47:58,121 --> 00:48:01,631
MIRIAM: And then all of a sudden
she just flew away,
528
00:48:02,534 --> 00:48:05,853
and it was like, "Oh, come on!"
529
00:48:06,180 --> 00:48:10,339
For the male to go through all that,
it was excruciating,
530
00:48:10,340 --> 00:48:13,490
just to put all that energy into it.
531
00:48:13,509 --> 00:48:17,148
And I think for him it was like,
"OK, maybe we'll try another day."
532
00:48:17,149 --> 00:48:18,141
Yeah.
533
00:48:18,189 --> 00:48:19,788
(SQUAWKS)
534
00:48:19,789 --> 00:48:22,979
NARRATION: Yet his effort
is the whole point.
535
00:48:23,909 --> 00:48:26,235
Males can but try their best.
536
00:48:26,235 --> 00:48:31,045
The rest is up to the females...
and it was ever thus.
537
00:48:31,989 --> 00:48:34,735
(FORLORN SQUAWKING)
538
00:48:37,816 --> 00:48:42,816
The plaintive call of the rejected
male echoes across the mountains.
539
00:48:43,578 --> 00:48:47,020
These dances have been
performed here for millennia,
540
00:48:47,205 --> 00:48:49,163
but for how much longer?
541
00:48:54,196 --> 00:48:58,275
Miriam and her team have made
a good start on their project
542
00:48:58,276 --> 00:49:00,899
but much more work needs to be done.
543
00:49:01,849 --> 00:49:05,207
MIRIAM: We need numbers and in order
to do that, we need to do research,
544
00:49:05,207 --> 00:49:09,474
so we need numbers so that we can see
how they are fluctuating
545
00:49:09,474 --> 00:49:12,469
within the time
and with the different factors -
546
00:49:12,469 --> 00:49:16,675
human population growth, hunting,
disturbance, forest clearing -
547
00:49:16,675 --> 00:49:20,163
so we can understand
their conservation status better.
548
00:49:24,154 --> 00:49:27,996
NARRATION: Meanwhile, to preserve the
feathers that the dancers already have,
549
00:49:27,996 --> 00:49:31,175
the team are handing out mothballs.
550
00:49:31,385 --> 00:49:33,857
These can be put inside
the bamboo tubes
551
00:49:33,857 --> 00:49:38,270
in which the feathers are stored
and so save them from decay.
552
00:49:39,185 --> 00:49:43,268
That should reduce the demand
for freshly hunted plumes.
553
00:49:46,585 --> 00:49:51,062
MIRIAM: If we were to lose one of these
birds, or two, it could mean
554
00:49:51,062 --> 00:49:55,545
the loss of something that people
hold close to their hearts.
555
00:50:06,708 --> 00:50:11,123
NARRATION: Papua New Guineans are now
caring for their birds in a new way.
556
00:50:12,783 --> 00:50:16,774
The birds have survived the
tribal culture for thousands of years
557
00:50:16,874 --> 00:50:18,843
but the world is changing
558
00:50:18,943 --> 00:50:21,420
and their forest is changing.
559
00:50:22,148 --> 00:50:26,227
Miriam and Paul are starting
a new conservation movement
560
00:50:26,228 --> 00:50:28,727
to ensure that generations to come
561
00:50:28,827 --> 00:50:34,454
will still be able to delight in
these astonishing birds of paradise.
562
00:51:44,038 --> 00:51:47,038
Subtitles by JohnCoffey_09
49710
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