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-Okay.
-Welcome.
4
00:00:11,761 --> 00:00:12,761
Hi.
5
00:00:12,929 --> 00:00:15,931
Thanks for sitting down with us.
We appreciate it.
6
00:00:16,474 --> 00:00:20,602
Would you recount for me
the incident where you were wounded?
7
00:00:20,812 --> 00:00:24,148
Well, l was standing...
8
00:00:24,399 --> 00:00:28,777
...on the top of this hill
at the aid station...
9
00:00:28,987 --> 00:00:32,781
...and a random shell came in.
10
00:00:32,991 --> 00:00:36,577
It couldn't have gone off
more than 1 0 feet away...
11
00:00:36,786 --> 00:00:42,332
...because all I remember
is a tremendous blast and a flash.
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00:00:42,542 --> 00:00:46,795
And the next thing l knew,
I was on the ground in the snow...
13
00:00:47,005 --> 00:00:49,548
...and l tried to get up.
14
00:00:49,799 --> 00:00:53,135
And when I tried to get up, l....
15
00:00:53,344 --> 00:00:58,766
Only thing l could see
were the broken ends of my legs.
16
00:00:58,975 --> 00:01:01,560
And l thought my legs
were gone. I was--
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00:01:01,811 --> 00:01:05,355
Because that's all--
Both femurs were shattered.
18
00:01:05,565 --> 00:01:11,070
They were laying down here as l was
on my back, trying to raise my legs up.
19
00:01:11,321 --> 00:01:12,988
And l thought:
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00:01:13,156 --> 00:01:17,951
"I'm dead," you know,
"I'm about to die."
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00:01:18,161 --> 00:01:19,828
And l said--
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00:01:20,038 --> 00:01:24,333
I said my Act of Contrition,
because l am a Catholic.
23
00:01:24,542 --> 00:01:28,170
And then the next thing
I thought of was my mother.
24
00:01:29,547 --> 00:01:33,509
And l thought,
"What's she gonna say?"
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00:01:33,760 --> 00:01:36,178
Because I was an only child.
26
00:03:11,357 --> 00:03:15,611
My name is C. Carwood Lipton.
27
00:03:16,571 --> 00:03:20,782
I was born in Huntington, West Virginia.
Grew up in Huntington.
28
00:03:21,075 --> 00:03:25,704
Frederick T. Heyliger. Concord,
Massachusetts was my hometown.
29
00:03:25,955 --> 00:03:29,291
I was born in a town named
Inchelium, Washington.
30
00:03:29,542 --> 00:03:32,085
It's on an lndian reservation.
31
00:03:32,295 --> 00:03:36,340
My name's J.B. Stokes.
I was born close to Bonham, Texas...
32
00:03:36,591 --> 00:03:38,634
...in an area called Leonard.
33
00:03:38,885 --> 00:03:41,220
Born and raised in Columbus, Ohio...
34
00:03:41,387 --> 00:03:45,307
...my dad worked for the railroad.
My mom was a housewife.
35
00:03:45,558 --> 00:03:49,144
My nickname was Babe.
And my mother...
36
00:03:49,354 --> 00:03:52,814
...she was a little Irish broad.
Red hair. Fiery.
37
00:03:54,400 --> 00:03:55,484
Great woman.
38
00:03:56,402 --> 00:04:00,155
Born and raised in Philadelphia,
where times were tough.
39
00:04:00,323 --> 00:04:04,326
Mom had 1 0 children,
so you had to work to survive.
40
00:04:05,203 --> 00:04:08,956
It was just survival
in the streets of Philadelphia.
41
00:04:09,165 --> 00:04:15,170
We came up in the Depression. Sometimes
we'd live on a farm and have...
42
00:04:15,338 --> 00:04:17,339
...pigs and raise a garden.
43
00:04:17,590 --> 00:04:21,760
I saw people that really were hungry
and had hard times.
44
00:04:21,970 --> 00:04:26,139
My father was able to find employment.
We never went hungry.
45
00:04:26,349 --> 00:04:31,979
We lived on a farm. Everybody
was poor. That was the Depression.
46
00:04:32,188 --> 00:04:35,774
When I got to about 1 0,
I got a paper route.
47
00:04:35,984 --> 00:04:40,153
I made $5 a month. Something like that.
But it was something.
48
00:04:40,363 --> 00:04:46,201
There's a work ethic the Pennsylvania
Dutch in this area are very proud of.
49
00:04:46,452 --> 00:04:51,581
I was the oldest one, so l sort of
branched out on my own at an early age.
50
00:04:51,791 --> 00:04:56,378
I was married when I was
1 9 years old in 1 941 .
51
00:04:56,629 --> 00:04:59,631
On December 7 of '41 ...
52
00:04:59,882 --> 00:05:02,801
...we were in a store,
and a guy, he says:
53
00:05:03,011 --> 00:05:06,096
"The U.S.A. is in a war with Japan."
54
00:05:06,389 --> 00:05:09,599
And everything just went silent.
55
00:05:10,893 --> 00:05:14,813
I said, "Let's go in the Army."
He said, "l don't want to."
56
00:05:15,023 --> 00:05:18,525
I said, "You're gonna have
to go sooner or later."
57
00:05:18,693 --> 00:05:22,529
Something was wrong with you
if you weren't in the service.
58
00:05:22,697 --> 00:05:24,531
It was what you had to do.
59
00:05:24,782 --> 00:05:29,119
I wasn't gonna be in the infantry.
I was gonna be in some...
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00:05:29,329 --> 00:05:32,998
...top kind of a unit,
or l wasn't gonna be in the Army.
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00:05:36,711 --> 00:05:41,089
LIFE magazine had run
an article on paratroopers...
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00:05:41,716 --> 00:05:45,093
...sometime in early 1 942.
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00:05:45,261 --> 00:05:48,638
And it told about the
training that they got...
64
00:05:50,099 --> 00:05:55,103
...and the difficult physical
requirements, and l got interested...
65
00:05:55,271 --> 00:05:58,148
...in seeing if I could
become a paratrooper.
66
00:05:58,441 --> 00:06:02,694
Nobody forced you to do this,
you volunteered.
67
00:06:02,945 --> 00:06:06,281
And it was the notion...
68
00:06:06,574 --> 00:06:11,787
...that you wanted to do something.
You wanted to be with the best.
69
00:06:11,996 --> 00:06:16,124
But once you got in there,
you was proud to be.
70
00:06:16,667 --> 00:06:20,003
We was proud of our boots,
and our shoulder patch.
71
00:06:20,171 --> 00:06:23,215
And we was proud to be paratroopers.
72
00:06:23,466 --> 00:06:28,595
And we was proud to be working with
the guys we were working with.
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00:06:29,180 --> 00:06:33,642
You know these people
that you're in service with....
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00:06:33,893 --> 00:06:37,604
You know those people better than
anybody in your life.
75
00:06:37,814 --> 00:06:40,941
You know them right down
to the final thing.
76
00:06:41,150 --> 00:06:46,154
And that comes when you start
your training, while that progresses.
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00:06:55,206 --> 00:07:00,001
-Each man was like a championship boxer.
-Out of 1 00% , only 1 0% made it.
78
00:07:00,211 --> 00:07:03,004
-l thought l'd die.
-No holding back.
79
00:07:03,214 --> 00:07:08,301
-You had to hang in there and be tough.
-We marched 1 1 8 miles in three days.
80
00:07:08,511 --> 00:07:11,596
The training l got
and the men I trained with...
81
00:07:12,515 --> 00:07:16,476
...gave me the confidence
to go into battle.
82
00:07:21,190 --> 00:07:24,776
We were just a bunch of ordinary kids
when we went in.
83
00:07:24,944 --> 00:07:28,905
The training was to build you up
physically and mentally.
84
00:07:29,115 --> 00:07:32,659
Some of them lost as much as 40 pounds.
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00:07:32,869 --> 00:07:36,872
But l didn't have nothing to lose.
I weighed about 1 30.
86
00:07:37,123 --> 00:07:40,750
If l lost 40 pounds,
I'd have been too small to stay.
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00:07:40,960 --> 00:07:45,464
You know, they weeded out so many.
88
00:07:45,715 --> 00:07:49,176
They'd be there one day,
and they'd be gone the next.
89
00:07:49,385 --> 00:07:54,055
They couldn't keep up with it.
They couldn't take that hard training.
90
00:07:55,516 --> 00:07:58,727
You had the cream
of the cream of the cream.
91
00:07:58,895 --> 00:08:04,274
We had to climb this mountain called
Currahee every morning. Run up and back.
92
00:08:04,525 --> 00:08:07,694
If you couldn't,
you'd end up in another unit.
93
00:08:07,904 --> 00:08:11,531
The name Currahee means
"We stand alone together."
94
00:08:11,741 --> 00:08:17,204
That's an Indian name.
It became a symbol of the camp...
95
00:08:17,455 --> 00:08:20,916
...because it was rough and tough,
going up and down.
96
00:08:21,125 --> 00:08:26,922
A lot of times, when some of the guys
would go and get them a drink or so...
97
00:08:27,173 --> 00:08:31,092
...you'd see them laying on the road,
where they were sick.
98
00:08:31,302 --> 00:08:35,430
It didn't matter how hard you trained
and how tired you got...
99
00:08:35,598 --> 00:08:40,101
...you would still go out on your own
and run the mountain at night...
100
00:08:40,394 --> 00:08:43,438
...which was ridiculous
because during the day...
101
00:08:43,606 --> 00:08:45,941
...all you did was bitch and moan.
102
00:08:46,192 --> 00:08:50,779
At night, they'd get a couple guys
and go up and do it on your own.
103
00:08:50,947 --> 00:08:54,533
We learned how to be
soldiers at Toccoa...
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00:08:54,742 --> 00:08:58,370
...as a group, all of us coming in...
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00:08:58,538 --> 00:09:01,248
...from no experience
in the Army at all...
106
00:09:01,415 --> 00:09:04,167
...coming in directly
from civilian life.
107
00:09:04,418 --> 00:09:07,045
I'm gonna say this,
I believe...
108
00:09:07,296 --> 00:09:11,841
...that the paratroopers
of the 1 01 st Airborne Division...
109
00:09:12,134 --> 00:09:17,639
...was as well-trained as you
could get a soldier to be at that time.
110
00:09:19,934 --> 00:09:23,270
-We packed our own chutes.
-Nervous as hell.
111
00:09:23,479 --> 00:09:26,731
You're asking yourself,
"What am I doing here?"
112
00:09:28,150 --> 00:09:31,778
-Coming down is great.
-lt affects everybody different.
113
00:09:31,946 --> 00:09:35,323
-l broke my foot.
-You're dropping 1 6 feet a second.
114
00:09:35,533 --> 00:09:38,577
I can remember
just like it was yesterday.
115
00:09:38,744 --> 00:09:40,787
That morning after breakfast...
116
00:09:40,997 --> 00:09:45,000
...they marched us all
out there to the airfield.
117
00:09:46,836 --> 00:09:50,046
There were guys
that already made their jump.
118
00:09:50,298 --> 00:09:55,510
And they were all hollering,
"You're gonna be sorry!" You know?
119
00:09:55,678 --> 00:09:58,430
You didn't want
to be afraid, you know...
120
00:09:58,639 --> 00:10:03,518
...because these other guys are there
with you. Your bravado and all that....
121
00:10:03,811 --> 00:10:07,856
You didn't wanna be afraid,
so you kept that out of your mind.
122
00:10:08,065 --> 00:10:13,028
Jumping out of a plane wasn't like
today. My first flight up, I jumped.
123
00:10:13,237 --> 00:10:16,114
That was years before
I landed an aircraft.
124
00:10:16,324 --> 00:10:19,242
Most of the troopers
was the same story.
125
00:10:19,452 --> 00:10:23,038
Foolishly, l didn't think
it'd be so tough, but....
126
00:10:23,247 --> 00:10:27,334
The first time-- The first jump
you make is not all that bad.
127
00:10:27,543 --> 00:10:31,087
You don't know what you're doing.
When you step out...
128
00:10:31,339 --> 00:10:33,715
...the chute just opened right then.
129
00:10:34,133 --> 00:10:36,593
As l went out the door, l was blank.
130
00:10:36,761 --> 00:10:39,346
I cannot remember leaving the plane...
131
00:10:39,513 --> 00:10:42,724
...until after the chute
opened up. My God.
132
00:10:42,933 --> 00:10:45,477
But after that, it wasn't as bad.
133
00:10:45,686 --> 00:10:49,397
It was a thrill.
It was like going on a roller coaster.
134
00:10:49,565 --> 00:10:51,900
You get off
and want to get back on.
135
00:10:52,360 --> 00:10:54,319
It was a thrill.
136
00:10:54,570 --> 00:10:57,405
It was a high, as they say these days.
137
00:10:57,948 --> 00:11:02,077
Everybody enjoyed themselves.
Landing was the hardest part.
138
00:11:02,328 --> 00:11:05,705
Once that chute opened,
I was happy as a lark.
139
00:11:05,915 --> 00:11:08,416
You know, coming down is great.
140
00:11:08,876 --> 00:11:13,505
I was small too, and I didn't
hurt myself when I hit the ground.
141
00:11:13,881 --> 00:11:18,051
Some of the big ones hit
like a ton of-- What's his name?
142
00:11:18,260 --> 00:11:22,097
You worried most about your chute.
Did you pack it right?
143
00:11:22,306 --> 00:11:28,061
You'd pack it one day and jump the next
day. You thought about it all night.
144
00:11:28,270 --> 00:11:30,021
You had...
145
00:11:30,231 --> 00:11:33,441
...ideas of what you might
have done wrong, or....
146
00:11:33,609 --> 00:11:35,610
But it worked out fine.
147
00:11:35,778 --> 00:11:39,239
We made five jumps
in the third week there.
148
00:11:39,448 --> 00:11:44,828
Then you were a qualified paratrooper.
Got your wings pinned on...
149
00:11:46,288 --> 00:11:51,459
...and became one of the elite members
of the parachute regiment.
150
00:11:51,669 --> 00:11:54,629
We were thoroughly prepared.
151
00:11:55,214 --> 00:11:56,756
The men were...
152
00:11:57,007 --> 00:12:00,260
...trained, hardened...
153
00:12:01,095 --> 00:12:03,471
...physically and mentally.
154
00:12:03,681 --> 00:12:06,850
And they were ready to jump.
155
00:12:10,062 --> 00:12:14,107
That's how we started
off for Normandy.
156
00:12:27,079 --> 00:12:31,499
When you walk up that gangplank,
you know you're gone.
157
00:12:32,334 --> 00:12:38,173
As you pull out of harbor,
and you pass the Statue of Liberty....
158
00:12:39,133 --> 00:12:42,385
"Will l ever be coming back?
I don't know."
159
00:12:49,310 --> 00:12:51,811
You know you're in a parachute troop.
160
00:12:52,021 --> 00:12:56,357
You're gonna be jumping behind
enemy lines. What do you expect?
161
00:12:57,359 --> 00:12:59,694
You have no idea.
162
00:13:01,572 --> 00:13:04,699
That'll make anybody stand...
163
00:13:04,909 --> 00:13:08,328
...and search his soul
for a few minutes.
164
00:13:14,168 --> 00:13:16,044
We were ready.
165
00:13:16,212 --> 00:13:20,840
We were stationed in England
for about a year before D-Day.
166
00:13:21,342 --> 00:13:25,220
We had a lot of maneuvers
and parachute jumping.
167
00:13:25,387 --> 00:13:28,223
They put us in a camp...
168
00:13:28,516 --> 00:13:30,225
...preparing us for D-Day.
169
00:13:30,434 --> 00:13:32,852
At just about a week before D-Day...
170
00:13:33,062 --> 00:13:38,066
...they put us in. No liberties, no
nothing. You couldn't get out of camp.
171
00:13:38,234 --> 00:13:41,736
They had guards around
the marshaling area...
172
00:13:41,904 --> 00:13:44,656
...so nobody could leave.
173
00:13:45,074 --> 00:13:47,909
That's when you felt
that, "This is it."
174
00:13:48,118 --> 00:13:50,662
We did not know which day.
175
00:13:50,871 --> 00:13:55,375
We did not know where we were
gonna jump until we were locked in.
176
00:13:55,626 --> 00:13:57,919
And then they had the briefing...
177
00:13:58,128 --> 00:14:02,173
...to tell you exactly
what your mission was.
178
00:14:02,383 --> 00:14:04,968
And they took this map...
179
00:14:05,135 --> 00:14:08,596
...and they made a model
of the features of the land.
180
00:14:08,764 --> 00:14:12,475
They put in all the buildings,
the bridges, the knolls...
181
00:14:12,643 --> 00:14:16,729
...all the sand dunes.
Everything was in on that layout.
182
00:14:16,939 --> 00:14:20,275
We knew it by heart.
We knew where we were going.
183
00:14:20,442 --> 00:14:22,318
We knew exactly what to do.
184
00:14:22,528 --> 00:14:26,197
I mean, if you could've been there
at the time to see...
185
00:14:26,448 --> 00:14:31,411
...where the planes were lined up and
all the gliders hooked up to the planes.
186
00:14:31,620 --> 00:14:35,415
Tanks and trucks
and fields and fields of them.
187
00:14:35,666 --> 00:14:39,919
I had no idea that there was
that much hardware.
188
00:14:40,129 --> 00:14:42,964
No question, we knew
it was gonna be big.
189
00:14:43,132 --> 00:14:44,966
And that day...
190
00:14:45,175 --> 00:14:50,305
...that we got the orders
to get on the planes.... This is it.
191
00:15:04,904 --> 00:15:07,989
We had confidence in our leaders...
192
00:15:08,198 --> 00:15:13,536
...and all the plans and preparations
that took place before the invasion.
193
00:15:14,747 --> 00:15:19,208
We were confident and calm.
194
00:15:39,730 --> 00:15:44,400
We were all loaded down. We carried
everything we thought we could...
195
00:15:44,652 --> 00:15:47,362
...in the line of personal items...
196
00:15:47,571 --> 00:15:51,824
...plus the necessary things
we were assigned to carry.
197
00:15:52,034 --> 00:15:53,868
And we were loaded.
198
00:16:10,678 --> 00:16:13,096
Everybody got in there...
199
00:16:14,056 --> 00:16:18,726
...and a lot of them were
very scared. l was scared too...
200
00:16:18,978 --> 00:16:22,897
...but probably in a different way
that other people were.
201
00:16:24,108 --> 00:16:26,734
As long as l was in that plane...
202
00:16:26,986 --> 00:16:30,113
...and they were gonna
get me there safely...
203
00:16:30,364 --> 00:16:33,533
...that's all that I worried about.
204
00:16:46,797 --> 00:16:49,799
At the time,
I had no feeling whatsoever.
205
00:16:50,050 --> 00:16:53,136
My feeling was for my brother,
who was killed.
206
00:16:56,724 --> 00:16:57,932
That infuriated me.
207
00:16:58,142 --> 00:17:02,937
And that's why, when l jumped
on D-Day, I swore....
208
00:17:03,147 --> 00:17:06,774
I swore l would kill every damn
German I came across.
209
00:17:06,984 --> 00:17:11,446
That's why they nicknamed me
Wild Bill. l killed a lot on D-Day.
210
00:17:14,783 --> 00:17:17,785
The sky was clear,
coming across the channel.
211
00:17:17,995 --> 00:17:23,416
Since I was jump master, l could lie
at the plane door with my head out...
212
00:17:23,625 --> 00:17:26,002
...in the slipstream, looking down.
213
00:17:26,211 --> 00:17:29,464
And l saw the thousands
of craft ships...
214
00:17:29,631 --> 00:17:32,467
...everything from LCIs
to battleships...
215
00:17:32,676 --> 00:17:37,513
...down there in the channel.
I think that's when I first realized...
216
00:17:37,806 --> 00:17:43,019
...how large the invasion was.
Tremendously large, the invasion was.
217
00:17:43,228 --> 00:17:48,733
We were out for 1 1/2 hours before we--
We went down the south end of England...
218
00:17:48,984 --> 00:17:52,236
...and then across
the Jersey islands...
219
00:17:52,446 --> 00:17:55,865
...and then across
the Cherbourg peninsula.
220
00:17:56,116 --> 00:17:58,743
And that's when
the fireworks started.
221
00:18:01,872 --> 00:18:03,664
Flak was terrible.
222
00:18:03,874 --> 00:18:06,667
Anti-aircraft was absolutely horrendous.
223
00:18:06,835 --> 00:18:08,086
It was like...
224
00:18:08,295 --> 00:18:11,422
...a July the 4th celebration,
1 0 times over.
225
00:18:11,632 --> 00:18:15,176
Then it would hit
under the wings and body...
226
00:18:15,427 --> 00:18:20,431
...and you could hear it go...like
gravel hitting a car fender.
227
00:18:20,641 --> 00:18:22,683
You could see
tracers all over.
228
00:18:22,893 --> 00:18:25,937
Everybody wanted
to get out of the plane fast.
229
00:18:26,105 --> 00:18:29,899
Whether it was high, low,
no matter where we were. Out!
230
00:18:30,109 --> 00:18:32,360
They were getting shot up.
231
00:18:32,528 --> 00:18:35,905
Finally, the pilots--
I happened to read their minds--
232
00:18:36,073 --> 00:18:38,491
"Okay, we got so much gas...
233
00:18:38,700 --> 00:18:43,454
...and we're gonna have
to get back to England.
234
00:18:43,664 --> 00:18:46,374
What do we do with all
the guys back here?
235
00:18:46,583 --> 00:18:48,918
Give them the green light. Get out."
236
00:18:49,169 --> 00:18:50,586
We're ready to jump.
237
00:18:50,796 --> 00:18:56,092
There was a relief when the green
light came on, and we said, "Let's go."
238
00:18:56,301 --> 00:18:58,553
Well, l jumped up on a run...
239
00:18:58,762 --> 00:19:03,516
...and hit the static line
with the hook and out the door...
240
00:19:04,268 --> 00:19:07,562
...and got such an opening shock...
241
00:19:07,729 --> 00:19:11,607
...from the prop blast,
that it broke this chin strap...
242
00:19:11,775 --> 00:19:14,318
...that we had on this helmet liner.
243
00:19:14,570 --> 00:19:19,907
And that's when l lost this famous
leg bag that everybody talks about...
244
00:19:20,117 --> 00:19:25,913
...just from the shock of the opening.
It just flew right off my foot.
245
00:19:26,123 --> 00:19:28,833
The British call them leg bags.
246
00:19:29,084 --> 00:19:33,629
They gotta be this big, and you
stuff everything you can into them.
247
00:19:33,839 --> 00:19:39,051
They're supposed to weigh 1 5 pounds.
By the time you're done, they're 60.
248
00:19:39,261 --> 00:19:42,847
Everyone that jumped
with a leg bag, they lost it.
249
00:19:43,098 --> 00:19:47,101
Most of the paratroopers
that landed didn't have nothing.
250
00:19:47,269 --> 00:19:48,853
I was one of them.
251
00:19:49,104 --> 00:19:50,688
It tore right off...
252
00:19:51,356 --> 00:19:55,610
...because we jumped at speeds
of 1 50 miles an hour...
253
00:19:55,777 --> 00:19:57,945
...maybe even higher. l don't know.
254
00:19:58,155 --> 00:20:00,656
And lower than we should've been.
255
00:20:00,866 --> 00:20:05,119
That wasn't bad either,
because you got to the ground quicker.
256
00:20:05,287 --> 00:20:09,624
When we went out the door, l looked
to see if my chute was open...
257
00:20:09,791 --> 00:20:12,960
...and l saw tracer bullets
burning holes in the chute.
258
00:20:13,170 --> 00:20:18,507
And they told us all you'll have to do
is shuffle up to the door...
259
00:20:18,759 --> 00:20:23,346
...throw that leg out, prop blast
will hit it, and you're gone.
260
00:20:24,348 --> 00:20:26,515
Well, they were right.
261
00:20:26,767 --> 00:20:30,394
Only I was going out,
and my leg was in...
262
00:20:30,604 --> 00:20:33,648
...and l was hanging upside down...
263
00:20:33,857 --> 00:20:37,652
...looking at everything down
with my leg in the plane.
264
00:20:37,819 --> 00:20:41,656
All this happened in a split second.
Paul rolled me out.
265
00:20:41,823 --> 00:20:43,658
Paul Rogers rolled me out.
266
00:20:43,825 --> 00:20:49,455
I just helped him out. l just picked
him up and threw him out, l guess.
267
00:20:49,665 --> 00:20:52,750
I had to get out.
We wanted to get out so bad.
268
00:20:52,960 --> 00:20:56,254
And l come down
right behind city hall...
269
00:20:56,463 --> 00:21:00,841
...watched them shoot at me all the way,
which wasn't very long.
270
00:21:01,093 --> 00:21:06,847
I could see the tracers. They were
kind of spraying around in the air.
271
00:21:07,224 --> 00:21:12,687
Whoever the machine gunner was down
there that was concentrating on me...
272
00:21:12,854 --> 00:21:15,356
...apparently was
not a very good shot.
273
00:21:15,524 --> 00:21:18,276
They were firing in every direction.
274
00:21:18,485 --> 00:21:21,862
You don't know which way to go.
275
00:21:22,030 --> 00:21:26,534
The next thing is that you are
getting close to landing...
276
00:21:26,743 --> 00:21:30,997
...and you're saying, "There's
some trees. There's a road.
277
00:21:31,248 --> 00:21:37,211
Try and slip to avoid the trees. Try
and slip to avoid landing on the road."
278
00:21:37,379 --> 00:21:41,799
I slipped and my chute fell across
power lines, and l hit a fence...
279
00:21:42,009 --> 00:21:45,303
...and fell into a farmer's garden.
280
00:21:45,554 --> 00:21:49,307
I'll never forget that fence.
It had glass on top of it...
281
00:21:49,516 --> 00:21:53,102
...and cut me up,
but that didn't bother me.
282
00:21:53,353 --> 00:21:57,148
I just-- l was down,
and l got down with my gun.
283
00:21:58,191 --> 00:22:02,820
I hit the ground in a field, and we
were way-- l got looking at my map...
284
00:22:03,071 --> 00:22:07,575
...and we weren't close to where
we were supposed to be.
285
00:22:07,784 --> 00:22:11,245
We was plumb off our maps
that they'd given us.
286
00:22:11,496 --> 00:22:15,374
So we had to make our way back.
We knew that the beach...
287
00:22:15,584 --> 00:22:21,130
...was to the east. We headed that way
to find out where the outfit was.
288
00:22:21,715 --> 00:22:26,552
My friend from Erie
was in another plane.
289
00:22:26,762 --> 00:22:31,849
When I hit the ground, l hit about
2 feet away from him.
290
00:22:32,100 --> 00:22:36,937
And him and l start walking around
looking for more of our troops.
291
00:22:37,189 --> 00:22:42,151
And we were running into Germans
everywhere, but we had to hide.
292
00:22:42,402 --> 00:22:47,573
You know, because if we didn't,
we were dead meat.
293
00:22:48,116 --> 00:22:52,370
And l laid in a tree.
I had my trench knife.
294
00:22:52,579 --> 00:22:55,790
And l reached up...
295
00:22:55,999 --> 00:23:00,795
...and grabbed hold-- lt was a big
trunk, the tree, and I swung into it.
296
00:23:01,004 --> 00:23:05,883
I cut those risers with,
I think, one swipe.
297
00:23:06,051 --> 00:23:08,803
And l come down that
tree like a monkey.
298
00:23:08,970 --> 00:23:12,807
And then there l was
with a trench knife and a canteen...
299
00:23:12,974 --> 00:23:16,685
...and about six candy bars
in my pocket...
300
00:23:16,895 --> 00:23:21,065
...ready to fight
the German army, you know.
301
00:23:21,900 --> 00:23:26,112
So there's four guys
that were with me on D-Day...
302
00:23:26,321 --> 00:23:30,491
...who didn't have nothing
but a jump knife when they landed.
303
00:23:30,700 --> 00:23:34,912
So we had to hope, scrounge.
304
00:23:35,997 --> 00:23:38,040
As it worked out for all of us...
305
00:23:38,250 --> 00:23:42,086
...later on, we'd run across somebody
who had been killed...
306
00:23:42,295 --> 00:23:44,255
...and you'd take his weapon.
307
00:23:44,506 --> 00:23:48,467
And that's how you get
a weapon for D-Day.
308
00:23:48,677 --> 00:23:50,052
Rather haphazard.
309
00:23:50,303 --> 00:23:53,431
We were scattered
all over the peninsula...
310
00:23:53,682 --> 00:23:57,226
...so it was quite
a confused situation...
311
00:23:57,436 --> 00:24:01,021
...but we were better prepared
than the Germans were.
312
00:24:01,189 --> 00:24:03,732
The Germans didn't know
where we were.
313
00:24:03,942 --> 00:24:07,695
Whereas on the beach,
those people coming in on boats...
314
00:24:07,904 --> 00:24:11,699
...those Germans had guns
aimed at them, waiting on them.
315
00:24:11,908 --> 00:24:15,911
They had it tough.
I admire every one of them.
316
00:24:23,879 --> 00:24:27,715
These guns were pointed
and firing right down on the beach.
317
00:24:29,926 --> 00:24:36,056
People on the landing craft were coming
onto the beach and were being fired at.
318
00:24:47,986 --> 00:24:52,781
This battery of 1 05s was placed
precisely where it should be...
319
00:24:52,991 --> 00:24:57,077
...to protect any troops
coming up that causeway.
320
00:24:58,497 --> 00:25:01,499
As you sit back years later,
you think:
321
00:25:01,750 --> 00:25:05,586
"This was laid out
exactly right, tactically."
322
00:25:16,890 --> 00:25:19,975
We thought we knew
every foxhole in Normandy.
323
00:25:20,185 --> 00:25:23,437
We knew where everything was.
We knew it cold.
324
00:25:23,688 --> 00:25:27,733
But on this one, the Germans
had moved in there...
325
00:25:27,984 --> 00:25:32,821
...and camouflaged it so well,
we didn't know it was there.
326
00:25:45,252 --> 00:25:48,629
E Company was the assault company
of the battalion.
327
00:25:48,880 --> 00:25:53,968
We were trained from special assaults
and whatnot, special assignments.
328
00:25:54,219 --> 00:25:59,640
They weren't aware of what we had. They
didn't realize we only had 12 people.
329
00:25:59,891 --> 00:26:03,143
We worked our way down
through the farm area...
330
00:26:03,353 --> 00:26:08,148
...to a hedgerow. Lt. Winters
had us set up a firing position.
331
00:26:08,525 --> 00:26:12,319
And l went up
to scout it for myself...
332
00:26:12,529 --> 00:26:15,364
...crawled out along this hedgerow...
333
00:26:15,657 --> 00:26:21,328
...to get a little closer, to look it
over, and I felt l could see a trench.
334
00:26:21,746 --> 00:26:24,999
And l thought l knew
where our machine gun was.
335
00:26:25,250 --> 00:26:26,584
Winters...
336
00:26:26,793 --> 00:26:29,670
...was an exceptional leader.
337
00:26:29,921 --> 00:26:34,300
And he was able to size up,
all through the war...
338
00:26:34,509 --> 00:26:39,138
...size up combat situations
and decide quickly...
339
00:26:39,347 --> 00:26:44,476
...and correctly the best way to take
care of whatever the problem was.
340
00:26:44,686 --> 00:26:49,315
I divided the group into two units.
Lt. Compton was with me.
341
00:26:49,524 --> 00:26:52,276
I gave him half the men,
and l took half.
342
00:26:53,320 --> 00:26:58,532
I gave instructions, "I want
Compton, Malarkey...
343
00:26:58,742 --> 00:27:03,704
...and Wynn to crawl up there
and hand-grenade that machine gun.
344
00:27:03,955 --> 00:27:09,376
Crawl through the grass,
and as you throw your grenades...
345
00:27:09,544 --> 00:27:12,379
...l'll charge up
with the rest of the guys."
346
00:27:12,547 --> 00:27:14,590
I had the two machine guns set up...
347
00:27:15,133 --> 00:27:18,927
...to give him covering fire
while he crawled up there.
348
00:27:19,137 --> 00:27:21,347
I get out to this hedgerow...
349
00:27:21,556 --> 00:27:25,726
...and l peek-- I look out,
and l peek through the bushes...
350
00:27:25,935 --> 00:27:31,440
...and l see a couple of Germans
over there, about 30, 50 yards away...
351
00:27:31,733 --> 00:27:34,568
...stoking this gun and firing it.
352
00:27:36,154 --> 00:27:38,739
I pull out a grenade
and pull the pin...
353
00:27:38,907 --> 00:27:43,494
...and l threw it as high
and as far as l could throw it...
354
00:27:43,662 --> 00:27:47,665
...in their general direction.
It had enough hang time on it...
355
00:27:47,832 --> 00:27:51,919
...that by the time it got to them,
it went off in the air.
356
00:27:52,128 --> 00:27:55,255
I jumped up with other guys,
and we charged...
357
00:27:55,423 --> 00:28:00,135
...so that we all jumped into
the first position together.
358
00:28:00,470 --> 00:28:04,890
They had trenches cut in where
they worked, the Germans did.
359
00:28:05,100 --> 00:28:07,393
They jumped down
in them trenches...
360
00:28:07,644 --> 00:28:11,146
...and they worked them Germans
like a ghost assault.
361
00:28:11,356 --> 00:28:16,110
Three Germans broke off
from this position...
362
00:28:16,778 --> 00:28:21,281
...to run across the field,
which was the wrong thing to do...
363
00:28:21,449 --> 00:28:22,950
...from their viewpoint.
364
00:28:24,285 --> 00:28:25,869
We cut them down.
365
00:28:26,329 --> 00:28:30,791
I was in a trench, and I looked,
and l saw an arm.
366
00:28:31,084 --> 00:28:34,628
I didn't even see-- The man
was in a camouflage tent...
367
00:28:34,879 --> 00:28:39,174
...and l didn't see him. Then I saw
an arm stuck out of that tent...
368
00:28:39,384 --> 00:28:42,136
...and one of those
potato-masher grenades...
369
00:28:42,345 --> 00:28:45,723
...you know, with a stick
come out of there.
370
00:28:45,974 --> 00:28:47,766
I said,
"He's gonna miss me."
371
00:28:47,976 --> 00:28:51,019
It fell right down
in that trench with me.
372
00:28:51,187 --> 00:28:55,274
I was trying to scuttle my way
out of the way, and it went off...
373
00:28:55,483 --> 00:29:00,320
...and l felt like it blew my butt
over my head, and it pretty near did.
374
00:29:00,655 --> 00:29:04,658
He's behind the enemy lines on D-Day.
375
00:29:04,868 --> 00:29:07,244
Does he holler, "Help"?
376
00:29:07,454 --> 00:29:08,662
No.
377
00:29:08,830 --> 00:29:14,501
He hollers, "I'm sorry, lieutenant.
I'm sorry. I goofed."
378
00:29:15,003 --> 00:29:20,674
I felt like l kind of let him down,
but that's neither here nor there.
379
00:29:20,842 --> 00:29:23,260
My God.
380
00:29:26,264 --> 00:29:32,269
It's beautiful when you
think of a guy who's...
381
00:29:32,854 --> 00:29:37,858
...so dedicated to his company,
to his buddies...
382
00:29:38,109 --> 00:29:43,363
...that he apologizes for getting hit,
but that's the kind of guy he was.
383
00:29:43,656 --> 00:29:47,785
That's the kind each one of them was.
They were all the same.
384
00:29:54,667 --> 00:29:58,587
I look upon them,
each man, with great respect.
385
00:29:58,880 --> 00:30:00,964
Respect I can't describe.
386
00:30:01,716 --> 00:30:04,885
Each one of them proved himself...
387
00:30:05,970 --> 00:30:07,930
...that he...
388
00:30:08,181 --> 00:30:10,349
...could do the job.
389
00:30:17,398 --> 00:30:21,568
We've been through Normandy, through
battle. Maybe if l had been harder...
390
00:30:21,778 --> 00:30:26,907
...if I had done a little bit better job,
more men would've gone home.
391
00:30:40,797 --> 00:30:44,049
I never thought
I'd get through D-Day...
392
00:30:44,300 --> 00:30:49,429
...let alone the next phase. I thought
I was gonna get killed instantly.
393
00:30:50,390 --> 00:30:52,808
The chances of survival is very slim.
394
00:30:58,606 --> 00:31:00,816
There's the parachute.
395
00:31:01,067 --> 00:31:05,612
I got that done
in Edinburgh, Scotland, 1 944.
396
00:31:05,864 --> 00:31:08,198
Me and Johnny Martin.
397
00:31:08,408 --> 00:31:09,950
Drunk as a skunk.
398
00:31:10,285 --> 00:31:16,498
Guarnere and I decided
we'd go to Scotland and get a tattoo.
399
00:31:16,791 --> 00:31:20,627
We didn't figure
we had a chance to come home.
400
00:31:23,631 --> 00:31:25,215
But....
401
00:31:26,467 --> 00:31:28,218
Yep.
402
00:31:28,386 --> 00:31:30,012
We thought, "Well, hell...
403
00:31:30,221 --> 00:31:35,642
...the war is just starting, and Christ,
we're 50% gone now.
404
00:31:35,810 --> 00:31:38,020
So it's a long haul."
405
00:31:44,444 --> 00:31:47,654
The 1 01 st came back from Normandy
after about 33 days...
406
00:31:47,822 --> 00:31:51,366
...and we were replacements
for those who were killed...
407
00:31:51,534 --> 00:31:53,744
...or wounded in Normandy.
408
00:31:54,704 --> 00:31:57,873
There were young kids that came in...
409
00:31:58,124 --> 00:32:01,251
...and for some reason,
I don't know why...
410
00:32:02,128 --> 00:32:04,338
...they were the first ones killed.
411
00:32:04,631 --> 00:32:07,549
And l think maybe
they were trying...
412
00:32:07,842 --> 00:32:13,472
...to impress the older guys,
maybe people like me or Shifty.
413
00:32:13,681 --> 00:32:18,226
We were in awe of them. They had
infantry badges on their uniform.
414
00:32:18,436 --> 00:32:22,689
They had a star on their
jump wings. They....
415
00:32:23,691 --> 00:32:27,194
They were our heroes.
That's how we looked at them.
416
00:32:27,862 --> 00:32:31,073
I don't know why, but I got
right there to where...
417
00:32:31,282 --> 00:32:35,744
...l didn't want to be friendly
with replacements coming in...
418
00:32:35,954 --> 00:32:39,873
...because, God, l didn't like
seeing them get killed.
419
00:32:40,124 --> 00:32:43,210
It just tore me up, and....
420
00:32:44,337 --> 00:32:47,881
I don't know why, but they
were the first ones killed.
421
00:32:48,132 --> 00:32:51,760
My 1 0-man squad that l was in,
eight were replacements.
422
00:32:51,928 --> 00:32:55,222
The squad leader and
the assistant squad leader...
423
00:32:55,390 --> 00:32:59,726
...Sgt. Muck and Cpl. Penkala
had been to Normandy. We hadn't.
424
00:32:59,936 --> 00:33:03,563
The eight of us hadn't
been anywhere but Aldbourne.
425
00:33:03,773 --> 00:33:07,943
The training got really tough
between there and the Holland jump.
426
00:33:08,111 --> 00:33:10,112
Training, training, training.
427
00:33:10,279 --> 00:33:13,198
We had missions scratched.
We were to jump on...
428
00:33:13,366 --> 00:33:15,242
...a French city of Touraine.
429
00:33:15,410 --> 00:33:17,619
And it got to the sand-table part...
430
00:33:17,787 --> 00:33:21,331
...where we gathered round
to see who was gonna do what...
431
00:33:21,541 --> 00:33:26,336
...and Patton's troops overran
the drop zone, so that was called off.
432
00:33:26,504 --> 00:33:31,925
We were wondering if we'd ever get to
go, and then it got to be September.
433
00:33:39,058 --> 00:33:44,813
It was a Sunday afternoon,
noontime, 70 degrees.
434
00:33:45,064 --> 00:33:46,982
The drop was perfect.
435
00:33:47,233 --> 00:33:50,444
Everybody was dropping
on the same field.
436
00:33:50,653 --> 00:33:55,407
Daytime drops are a lot easier.
You can prepare for the landing.
437
00:33:55,575 --> 00:33:59,411
I saw a plowed field,
and l slipped right over it.
438
00:33:59,620 --> 00:34:04,875
I believe l almost landed standing up,
you know, soft. A great jump.
439
00:34:05,084 --> 00:34:08,879
The most dangerous part about it
was that people were...
440
00:34:09,088 --> 00:34:14,217
...losing helmets and equipment, and
all this equipment's raining down...
441
00:34:14,385 --> 00:34:17,679
...and if you got hit with this,
you're gonna be killed...
442
00:34:17,847 --> 00:34:20,474
...or wounded before you
got off the drop zone.
443
00:34:20,641 --> 00:34:24,853
Everybody got together.
We all assembled very fast.
444
00:34:25,104 --> 00:34:28,648
We moved out towards
the Wilhelmina Canal.
445
00:34:28,816 --> 00:34:34,237
Our mission was, first, to take
a bridge over the Wilhelmina Canal.
446
00:34:34,447 --> 00:34:37,240
It took us hours to get there.
447
00:34:37,408 --> 00:34:41,036
And taking hours to get there,
the few German troops...
448
00:34:41,287 --> 00:34:45,665
...that were securing this bridge
had plenty of time...
449
00:34:45,833 --> 00:34:48,668
...to set their charges
to blow the thing up.
450
00:34:48,878 --> 00:34:53,131
And just as we got to it,
I was maybe 1 50 yards away...
451
00:34:53,299 --> 00:34:55,509
...it blew up in our faces.
452
00:34:59,764 --> 00:35:04,142
Rocks and timbers were flying
and falling all around you...
453
00:35:04,310 --> 00:35:10,107
...and you can't help but think,
"My God, what a way to die in combat...
454
00:35:10,274 --> 00:35:14,528
...to be killed with a flying timber."
455
00:35:15,530 --> 00:35:17,072
We were that close.
456
00:35:17,281 --> 00:35:21,743
It delayed us until morning.
We wanted to get across that night...
457
00:35:21,953 --> 00:35:26,206
...but it took us till
the next morning to get across.
458
00:35:26,457 --> 00:35:30,544
But once we got in, the Dutch--
459
00:35:31,546 --> 00:35:34,297
It was just marvelous, their reaction.
460
00:35:34,549 --> 00:35:37,801
They loved Americans, and still do...
461
00:35:38,052 --> 00:35:43,306
...for coming in there
and pushing the Germans out.
462
00:35:49,730 --> 00:35:53,024
They called us "angels
from the sky," which we were.
463
00:35:53,276 --> 00:35:58,113
I mean, you're under German
occupation for four years, right?
464
00:35:58,322 --> 00:36:01,783
It's horrible, and you see
paratroopers come out of the sky.
465
00:36:02,994 --> 00:36:06,746
Who were they? They were the angels.
They loved you.
466
00:36:06,998 --> 00:36:09,416
Their welcome was unbelievable.
467
00:36:09,584 --> 00:36:15,255
They couldn't restrain
how happy they were to see you.
468
00:36:15,423 --> 00:36:18,091
It was hard to get
down the streets...
469
00:36:18,259 --> 00:36:20,844
...because the people
were swarming over us...
470
00:36:21,053 --> 00:36:23,638
...trying to congratulate us
for being there.
471
00:36:23,848 --> 00:36:27,434
They hugged you and kissed you,
and we didn't mind.
472
00:36:27,602 --> 00:36:30,478
Naturally, we was young,
We didn't mind at all.
473
00:36:30,938 --> 00:36:34,274
And they were really proud
to see us in there...
474
00:36:34,483 --> 00:36:38,153
...to the point where it
was dangerous for us...
475
00:36:38,446 --> 00:36:42,157
...trying to clean out the town
because snipers did damage...
476
00:36:42,325 --> 00:36:44,451
...in a situation like that.
477
00:36:56,881 --> 00:37:01,301
We had a lot of fighting
because we're on the Rhine River...
478
00:37:01,469 --> 00:37:03,637
...and Germany is across the river.
479
00:37:03,846 --> 00:37:07,474
They're fighting like heck
to keep us out of Germany.
480
00:37:07,767 --> 00:37:13,480
It's called "The Island." We called it
The Island, and we set up...
481
00:37:13,981 --> 00:37:16,149
...positions there.
482
00:37:16,317 --> 00:37:19,903
We had some substantial battles there.
483
00:37:20,238 --> 00:37:24,157
They could observe any movement
we made during the daytime...
484
00:37:24,367 --> 00:37:27,535
...and at their will...
485
00:37:27,703 --> 00:37:32,457
...they could just shell us. Mortar--
Put mortar fire on us...
486
00:37:32,667 --> 00:37:36,336
...when they had
a target of opportunity.
487
00:37:36,504 --> 00:37:38,755
I heard something coming down.
488
00:37:38,965 --> 00:37:41,007
I knew what it was...
489
00:37:41,217 --> 00:37:46,012
...a mortar shell, and l threw
my arm up, like that...and went down.
490
00:37:46,180 --> 00:37:48,682
It lit within 3 feet of me, 4.
491
00:37:48,933 --> 00:37:53,853
But when it blows,
it goes up like that:
492
00:37:54,146 --> 00:37:59,234
It went through my arm and hit me in
the head. l was bleeding pretty good.
493
00:37:59,443 --> 00:38:02,404
Well, l was picked to go up on a dike.
494
00:38:02,655 --> 00:38:08,201
So, of course, when you get
to the top, you don't expose yourself.
495
00:38:08,411 --> 00:38:11,413
I took my rifle
and put my helmet on it...
496
00:38:11,664 --> 00:38:17,669
...and put it over, even with
the road, on a dike.
497
00:38:17,837 --> 00:38:21,506
No action, so I brought it back down,
put the helmet on...
498
00:38:21,674 --> 00:38:23,508
...and l sort of peeked over.
499
00:38:23,718 --> 00:38:29,264
When I peeked over, l saw a hand with
a potato masher, and he threw it at me.
500
00:38:29,432 --> 00:38:32,225
I ducked. lt hit my helmet
and bounced off.
501
00:38:32,393 --> 00:38:37,230
When that thing bounced off my helmet,
I hollered to the guys below:
502
00:38:37,398 --> 00:38:38,606
"Live grenade."
503
00:38:38,816 --> 00:38:41,401
If Lesniewski hadn't
hollered, "Grenade"...
504
00:38:41,569 --> 00:38:45,113
...and l had enough sense to know
that that's that grenade...
505
00:38:45,281 --> 00:38:50,910
...that hit my rifle and is right
in front of my face, practically...
506
00:38:51,078 --> 00:38:53,580
...l'd have either
had my head blown off...
507
00:38:53,789 --> 00:38:58,418
...or l'd have definitely been blinded.
There's no question about that...
508
00:38:58,669 --> 00:39:01,713
...because I just got turned,
just part way...
509
00:39:01,881 --> 00:39:06,468
...and it exploded, and it
caught me in the face, neck...
510
00:39:06,719 --> 00:39:09,679
...left arm, under the arm,
in the shoulder.
511
00:39:09,889 --> 00:39:13,933
I hollered for them to take off.
I said, "Get the hell back."
512
00:39:14,101 --> 00:39:18,104
I had eight grenades,
so l had taken them off...
513
00:39:18,272 --> 00:39:20,690
...pulled the pins
and threw them over.
514
00:39:20,941 --> 00:39:27,280
And while the grenades were rolling
down or landing wherever they were...
515
00:39:27,448 --> 00:39:30,116
...they were hitting
some of the Krauts...
516
00:39:30,326 --> 00:39:33,161
...because I could hear
screaming, crying.
517
00:39:33,454 --> 00:39:37,332
I think I threw eight grenades
in about four seconds.
518
00:39:37,541 --> 00:39:39,793
And then I took off running.
519
00:39:39,960 --> 00:39:43,713
So the doctor that counted
the holes in me down at Nijmegen....
520
00:39:43,881 --> 00:39:45,382
Yeah, Nijmegen.
521
00:39:45,549 --> 00:39:49,386
The first doctor that
really counted the holes...
522
00:39:49,553 --> 00:39:51,763
...said there was 32.
523
00:39:51,931 --> 00:39:57,519
That was our first experience
with artillery in large numbers.
524
00:39:57,686 --> 00:40:03,650
I can remember sitting there a couple
of nights listening to artillery land.
525
00:40:05,945 --> 00:40:11,324
And the 88 was the fiercest
cannon that the Germans had.
526
00:40:11,492 --> 00:40:14,536
It was the way they used it,
an all-purpose gun.
527
00:40:14,703 --> 00:40:18,706
It could shoot anti-aircraft tanks,
anti-personnel, airburst.
528
00:40:18,874 --> 00:40:21,626
That was the bad ones,
when shells went up.
529
00:40:23,337 --> 00:40:28,758
I saw a huge mushroom cloud...
530
00:40:31,178 --> 00:40:32,762
...from the shell...
531
00:40:33,347 --> 00:40:36,641
...and Joe Toye stepped out of it.
532
00:40:36,809 --> 00:40:40,186
I run up. I remember that
like it was yesterday.
533
00:40:40,354 --> 00:40:45,024
I run up, and l grabbed him.
He said, "Don't touch me."
534
00:40:45,192 --> 00:40:50,822
I said, "What's the matter?" He said,
"I'm hit all over." He said, "l'm bad."
535
00:40:50,990 --> 00:40:54,033
I said, "Okay."
I said, "I'm gonna go see Jim."
536
00:40:54,201 --> 00:41:00,665
He said, as bad as he was hurting,
Joe Toye, he said:
537
00:41:01,250 --> 00:41:06,838
"Heffron, l already
checked him. He's gone."
538
00:41:13,053 --> 00:41:18,391
Jim Campbell might be alive today
if he hadn't said to me:
539
00:41:18,559 --> 00:41:23,146
"Heffron, you stay here with your gun.
540
00:41:23,564 --> 00:41:25,607
I'm going up."
541
00:41:28,569 --> 00:41:34,616
And l never, never, never--
I sleep on it, I eat on it--
542
00:41:36,243 --> 00:41:39,621
I never, never forgot that.
543
00:41:41,165 --> 00:41:43,917
And anybody that went through it...
544
00:41:44,084 --> 00:41:49,380
...will tell you the same thing.
They can't--
545
00:41:50,799 --> 00:41:52,675
It's just...
546
00:41:53,802 --> 00:41:59,307
...so bad all your life, you gotta
remember what one guy did...
547
00:41:59,475 --> 00:42:05,396
...because he thought it was his
job to do, and he took a shot for you.
548
00:42:16,450 --> 00:42:19,911
The exhaustion on these men,
the physical exhaustion...
549
00:42:20,079 --> 00:42:25,124
...affects their endurance
to be able to cope.
550
00:42:25,501 --> 00:42:29,170
You don't realize it at the time
you come off the line...
551
00:42:29,338 --> 00:42:34,634
...from living in the mud
and being absolutely miserable...
552
00:42:34,802 --> 00:42:37,845
...for 70 days straight.
553
00:42:38,055 --> 00:42:41,474
You didn't realize
that you'd only be off the line...
554
00:42:41,642 --> 00:42:45,895
...for a few days, and you're
gonna be facing Bastogne.
555
00:42:51,652 --> 00:42:57,448
This is the last desperate
action of the Germans...
556
00:42:57,616 --> 00:43:01,077
...to turn the tide of this whole war.
557
00:43:45,497 --> 00:43:48,708
What it is, it is Bastogne. lt is--
558
00:43:48,876 --> 00:43:53,796
-This is Bo Jack's woods, right?
-lt is the woods.
559
00:43:53,964 --> 00:43:56,924
Sure looks different now.
There ain't no snow.
560
00:43:58,510 --> 00:44:00,887
These trees might've been replanted.
561
00:44:01,055 --> 00:44:06,351
I think if the trees look
like they did in '44 or '45...
562
00:44:06,518 --> 00:44:09,103
...we could get a better idea.
563
00:44:09,897 --> 00:44:12,774
-That's it.
-Yeah.
564
00:44:13,984 --> 00:44:15,526
That's the town of Foy.
565
00:44:16,278 --> 00:44:20,490
Oh, this is definitely the area.
This is definitely.
566
00:44:21,241 --> 00:44:27,163
There's the town of Foy, after the empty
field, where those cattle are grazing.
567
00:44:27,331 --> 00:44:28,831
About half a mile away.
568
00:44:28,999 --> 00:44:33,503
Yeah, we had an outpost set up
looking right into the town of Foy.
569
00:44:33,671 --> 00:44:38,341
They had to watch everything
because we'd come in here and sleep.
570
00:44:38,509 --> 00:44:43,304
We had our foxholes right over here,
and the other area and the other.
571
00:44:43,472 --> 00:44:47,266
Wherever we had to move out
and dig in again...
572
00:44:47,434 --> 00:44:50,061
...because the Krauts had artillery.
573
00:44:50,229 --> 00:44:53,356
Most intense l ever
went through here, shelling.
574
00:44:53,524 --> 00:44:57,944
Most intense in the world. Couldn't
believe it. You had to be here.
575
00:44:58,112 --> 00:45:01,531
You just dove in the hole
and prayed, and that's it.
576
00:45:01,699 --> 00:45:04,283
If it comes in,
you ain't gonna know it.
577
00:45:04,451 --> 00:45:09,122
We lost Muck and Penkala over on this
side. They were killed instantly.
578
00:45:09,289 --> 00:45:13,084
The shell went down,
direct hit right in the hole.
579
00:45:13,252 --> 00:45:16,713
-Made mush out of them.
-Luz come over and hollered:
580
00:45:16,880 --> 00:45:20,007
"I can't see nothing of them,
nothing there."
581
00:45:20,175 --> 00:45:22,969
They were all gone,
just disintegrated.
582
00:45:23,137 --> 00:45:25,471
Unmerciful shelling, really.
583
00:45:25,764 --> 00:45:32,103
Everything out here was shredded.
Yeah, shredded by it.
584
00:45:36,775 --> 00:45:39,485
I tell you, it's an odd feeling.
585
00:45:40,279 --> 00:45:46,200
To me, it brings a lot of memories,
memories of the men, the times...
586
00:45:46,368 --> 00:45:49,328
...good and bad, a lot of memories.
587
00:45:59,006 --> 00:46:03,551
It was the most miserable place
I've ever been in my life, even today.
588
00:46:04,094 --> 00:46:06,846
On a real cold night,
we go to bed...
589
00:46:07,014 --> 00:46:12,101
...and my wife will tell you,
I'll say, "l'm glad l'm not in Bastogne."
590
00:46:12,311 --> 00:46:16,189
The Germans wanted Bastogne
because of the road network.
591
00:46:16,356 --> 00:46:19,025
That's why it was such an objective.
592
00:46:19,193 --> 00:46:22,987
So that's where we had
to hold, which we did.
593
00:46:27,367 --> 00:46:33,831
31 8 trucks come in around
noontime, and by that evening...
594
00:46:33,999 --> 00:46:37,502
...everybody was loaded
and moving out.
595
00:46:37,669 --> 00:46:39,837
We were short of equipment.
596
00:46:40,005 --> 00:46:44,217
We didn't have enough ammunition
or enough warm clothes.
597
00:46:44,384 --> 00:46:48,554
But we had confidence that our...
598
00:46:48,722 --> 00:46:53,518
...higher military authorities would get
to us whatever we needed.
599
00:46:53,685 --> 00:46:57,647
When we got up there, we didn't know
what we were getting into.
600
00:46:57,815 --> 00:47:00,024
There was very little information...
601
00:47:00,192 --> 00:47:02,568
...only that the Germans had
broken through.
602
00:47:02,736 --> 00:47:07,615
We went down, loaded on the trucks.
Another truck came by with weapons...
603
00:47:07,783 --> 00:47:12,870
...and pitched weapons. You catch one,
that's what you got until Bastogne.
604
00:47:13,038 --> 00:47:16,499
As it worked out,
there was some men who actually...
605
00:47:16,667 --> 00:47:21,295
...got on the trucks and left
for Bastogne that didn't have a rifle.
606
00:47:26,051 --> 00:47:30,263
When we got there, we saw men
singly and in twos and threes...
607
00:47:30,430 --> 00:47:34,225
...working their way back,
some of them without weapons...
608
00:47:34,393 --> 00:47:36,060
...without equipment.
609
00:47:36,228 --> 00:47:38,062
Some of them were terrified.
610
00:47:38,605 --> 00:47:42,108
They were beat to a nub.
Every one of them were saying:
611
00:47:42,276 --> 00:47:45,278
"They're gonna kill everybody.
Running over everybody."
612
00:47:45,445 --> 00:47:50,658
They couldn't believe, when they
saw us up there, that we intended...
613
00:47:50,826 --> 00:47:53,786
...to set up lines
and stop the Germans.
614
00:47:53,954 --> 00:47:55,830
They said they couldn't be stopped.
615
00:47:55,998 --> 00:48:00,084
We went in and started taking up
their weapons and ammunition.
616
00:48:00,252 --> 00:48:05,423
Asking the retreating guys, "You got
any extra ammunition or grenades?"
617
00:48:05,591 --> 00:48:09,677
You could hear the firing going
on up ahead, and we're marching...
618
00:48:09,887 --> 00:48:11,888
...to it with little ammunition.
619
00:48:12,055 --> 00:48:17,310
We marched through the night, went
to the front of Bastogne and dug in.
620
00:48:17,477 --> 00:48:19,145
And then it snowed.
621
00:48:19,313 --> 00:48:24,150
Snow, cold up to your rump.
622
00:48:24,318 --> 00:48:27,486
We didn't have
no winter clothing or nothing.
623
00:48:27,654 --> 00:48:30,990
A third of the doggone
casualties was either...
624
00:48:31,158 --> 00:48:35,077
...frostbite or trench foot,
whatever you want to call it.
625
00:48:35,245 --> 00:48:39,665
Bad move. A lot of snow...
626
00:48:39,833 --> 00:48:43,085
...a lot of everything
you didn't like.
627
00:48:43,962 --> 00:48:46,172
It was a cold place.
628
00:48:46,340 --> 00:48:50,343
At this particular time,
we was on top of kind of a hill...
629
00:48:50,510 --> 00:48:53,846
...and the top of the hill
had pine trees.
630
00:48:54,014 --> 00:48:57,600
We set up our positions around
the fringe of the woods.
631
00:48:57,768 --> 00:49:01,520
In Belgium, trees are planted.
They don't grow like in Maine.
632
00:49:01,688 --> 00:49:03,481
There are rows of trees.
633
00:49:03,649 --> 00:49:06,317
You look down a row
and can see half a mile.
634
00:49:06,485 --> 00:49:10,029
On top of this hill,
there was a ridge with a tree line.
635
00:49:10,197 --> 00:49:11,822
We were dug in there.
636
00:49:11,990 --> 00:49:17,536
The Germans knew right where we were,
and they really gave us a shellacking.
637
00:49:21,875 --> 00:49:24,794
To an infantryman...
638
00:49:25,754 --> 00:49:30,007
...in wartime, the mother earth
is your best friend.
639
00:49:33,261 --> 00:49:36,889
You could always dig a hole and get
out of sight, you know.
640
00:49:37,057 --> 00:49:40,267
We dug plenty of those.
641
00:49:44,231 --> 00:49:46,732
You get through
hard ground quickly...
642
00:49:46,900 --> 00:49:50,027
...when someone's shooting,
and shells are falling.
643
00:49:50,195 --> 00:49:54,115
You can make fast work of it.
We just have to dig that hole.
644
00:49:54,282 --> 00:49:57,660
We say we became experts
on foreign European soil.
645
00:49:57,828 --> 00:50:01,580
We dug in, and two people
could dig better than one.
646
00:50:01,748 --> 00:50:06,419
In ground that's frozen, it takes
a while. You just chip it out.
647
00:50:06,586 --> 00:50:10,589
By the time you finish, they
whistle to you, "We're moving out."
648
00:50:10,757 --> 00:50:13,592
And you go someplace else
and dig another one.
649
00:50:13,760 --> 00:50:16,262
You must understand,
the Germans were--
650
00:50:16,430 --> 00:50:21,142
We were surrounded. The Germans
were maybe 1 00 yards away from us.
651
00:50:21,309 --> 00:50:26,689
No matter where you looked in a circle,
you could see artillery flashes.
652
00:50:26,857 --> 00:50:30,776
So we knew from that
that we were surrounded.
653
00:50:30,944 --> 00:50:34,822
But we went through a couple
of shellings at Bastogne...
654
00:50:34,990 --> 00:50:39,160
...that were earthshaking.
655
00:50:39,327 --> 00:50:43,914
If you lived through them, you remember
them for the rest of your life.
656
00:50:44,082 --> 00:50:47,668
I'm not sure you're the same
for the rest of your life...
657
00:50:47,836 --> 00:50:51,422
...after you live through them.
You never forget them.
658
00:50:51,590 --> 00:50:55,384
There was one moment
I remember. l'll never forget it.
659
00:50:55,552 --> 00:50:58,304
One guy got hit in the arm
with shrapnel...
660
00:50:58,472 --> 00:51:01,140
...took his arm off above the elbow.
661
00:51:01,308 --> 00:51:05,311
They were taking him out, he said,
"Get my watch off my arm."
662
00:51:05,479 --> 00:51:07,229
Before they took him out.
663
00:51:07,397 --> 00:51:10,441
That always stayed with me.
664
00:51:10,609 --> 00:51:15,362
I mean, calm voice and everything,
"Get my watch off my arm."
665
00:51:16,865 --> 00:51:22,536
On the 3rd of January, we withdrew
back to our former positions...
666
00:51:22,704 --> 00:51:28,501
...there, up the hill from Foy.
And when we got there...
667
00:51:28,668 --> 00:51:34,048
...we could see that the Germans
had zeroed in artillery there.
668
00:51:34,216 --> 00:51:38,594
Trees were knocked down.
There were holes in the ground.
669
00:51:38,762 --> 00:51:41,764
It was right at dusk, and
the Germans had this....
670
00:51:41,932 --> 00:51:45,893
This woods of ours
zeroed in completely.
671
00:51:46,061 --> 00:51:50,189
And as we hit the woods,
this tremendous artillery attack came.
672
00:51:56,905 --> 00:51:59,115
They knew where we were...
673
00:51:59,282 --> 00:52:03,369
...and started shooting,
point-blank, 88s into our area.
674
00:52:03,537 --> 00:52:07,123
They let us have it.
Everything, the kitchen sink...
675
00:52:07,290 --> 00:52:11,210
...mortars, a rocket thing
with a screaming sound.
676
00:52:14,172 --> 00:52:18,509
It scared the hell-- I was scared,
but I think I was petrified then.
677
00:52:18,677 --> 00:52:22,096
I thought the whole world
was shooting at us at once.
678
00:52:22,305 --> 00:52:27,560
I jumped into a foxhole somebody
had started and hadn't finished.
679
00:52:27,727 --> 00:52:33,190
So l was crouched down in that foxhole,
but it wouldn't hold all of me.
680
00:52:33,358 --> 00:52:36,110
From about my nose up
was above the ground.
681
00:52:36,278 --> 00:52:39,238
I could see all these shells hitting.
682
00:52:44,411 --> 00:52:47,746
Sgt. Guarnere
and Joe Toye each lost a leg...
683
00:52:47,914 --> 00:52:51,709
...in the same place, right there
on one hill. l remember.
684
00:52:51,877 --> 00:52:53,711
Just this certain instance.
685
00:52:53,920 --> 00:52:59,675
Joe got caught not near his hole,
and Bill and I were ahead of him...
686
00:52:59,843 --> 00:53:02,428
...and Bill had not been hit.
687
00:53:02,596 --> 00:53:06,807
He came up out of his hole quickly.
We were still under heavy fire.
688
00:53:07,058 --> 00:53:10,311
Joe said, "Jesus Christ...
689
00:53:10,478 --> 00:53:13,939
...what do l have to do to die?"
690
00:53:14,107 --> 00:53:16,734
He got hit real bad
in the back of his leg.
691
00:53:16,902 --> 00:53:20,571
He's out hollering, "Medic,"
and he can't find a medic.
692
00:53:20,739 --> 00:53:24,867
I went out to see what
I could do for him...I got it too.
693
00:53:27,954 --> 00:53:31,707
I went over to Guarnere.
He was sitting on the ground.
694
00:53:31,875 --> 00:53:35,294
His leg was badly mangled.
695
00:53:35,462 --> 00:53:39,673
He was holding his leg,
and it was jerking like that:
696
00:53:44,596 --> 00:53:49,808
He said, "Lip, they got
old Guarnere this time."
697
00:53:49,976 --> 00:53:54,521
He had been hit before,
but they really got him there.
698
00:53:56,983 --> 00:54:01,570
We got him out of there,
Babe Heffron and l and some others.
699
00:54:01,738 --> 00:54:07,785
And they brought a jeep down,
and we put him on stretchers.
700
00:54:11,915 --> 00:54:16,835
I better not talk about him.
701
00:54:17,003 --> 00:54:19,171
It was terrible.
702
00:54:25,303 --> 00:54:28,973
We had lost some
very good men there.
703
00:54:29,140 --> 00:54:32,559
Toye and Guarnere
had lost their legs there.
704
00:54:32,727 --> 00:54:38,607
A number of other people were killed.
It was a difficult situation there.
705
00:54:38,775 --> 00:54:42,987
When a man was wounded,
we felt glad for them...
706
00:54:43,154 --> 00:54:44,947
...we felt happy for them.
707
00:54:45,115 --> 00:54:51,495
He had a ticket to get out of there,
and maybe a ticket to go home.
708
00:54:51,663 --> 00:54:54,957
And when we had a man
who was killed...
709
00:54:55,125 --> 00:54:59,628
...we found that he was at peace.
710
00:54:59,796 --> 00:55:02,715
And he looked so peaceful.
711
00:55:03,591 --> 00:55:07,886
And we were glad that he found peace.
712
00:55:13,059 --> 00:55:15,311
We had this...
713
00:55:15,478 --> 00:55:18,897
...assistant squad leader,
name of Mellet.
714
00:55:19,065 --> 00:55:21,984
He was from New York City.
715
00:55:22,152 --> 00:55:24,862
And l overheard him
talking one time...
716
00:55:25,030 --> 00:55:29,033
...this was in Bastogne,
he says:
717
00:55:29,200 --> 00:55:32,328
"I been through...
718
00:55:32,495 --> 00:55:35,622
...Normandy and went
through Holland...
719
00:55:35,790 --> 00:55:38,751
...and to this day, I haven't
got one scratch."
720
00:55:38,918 --> 00:55:44,465
He says, "I'm afraid when l do get it,
I'm really gonna get it."
721
00:55:44,632 --> 00:55:46,425
And he was right.
722
00:55:46,593 --> 00:55:51,263
In this little town of Foy,
he got killed.
723
00:55:55,643 --> 00:56:00,939
I don't think he had any premonition
of it. He just wondered about it.
724
00:56:01,107 --> 00:56:03,150
But l never did wonder.
725
00:56:03,318 --> 00:56:09,073
Never give it much thought.
You just live from day to day.
726
00:56:11,284 --> 00:56:16,038
Keep your fingers crossed,
and that was it.
727
00:56:34,766 --> 00:56:39,978
I have the honor to present the supreme
commander, Gen. Eisenhower.
728
00:56:43,483 --> 00:56:48,779
It is a great personal honor
for me to be here today.
729
00:56:48,947 --> 00:56:54,827
To take part in a ceremony
that is unique in American history.
730
00:56:54,994 --> 00:56:58,872
Never before has a full division...
731
00:56:59,040 --> 00:57:01,583
...been cited by the War Department...
732
00:57:01,751 --> 00:57:05,546
...in the name of the president
for gallantry in action.
733
00:57:05,713 --> 00:57:09,842
This day marks the beginning
of a new tradition...
734
00:57:10,009 --> 00:57:12,594
...in the American Army.
735
00:57:12,762 --> 00:57:16,807
With that tradition will always
be associated the name...
736
00:57:16,975 --> 00:57:22,020
...of the 1 01 st Airborne Division
and of Bastogne.
737
00:57:22,188 --> 00:57:25,607
Good luck and God be with each of you.
738
00:57:34,367 --> 00:57:39,455
The Germans had started to surrender.
They still had their arms...
739
00:57:39,622 --> 00:57:44,960
...but as you're going
down the autobahn...
740
00:57:45,128 --> 00:57:51,508
...there was almost a solid line
of German troops coming north.
741
00:57:51,885 --> 00:57:57,055
And our job is to get to the end
and get to the heart of it.
742
00:58:01,019 --> 00:58:04,688
Berchtesgaden,
that's the end of the line.
743
00:58:04,856 --> 00:58:09,109
It's the retreat that Hitler
had for himself.
744
00:58:09,277 --> 00:58:12,529
And he built his Eagle's Nest...
745
00:58:12,697 --> 00:58:16,909
...his penthouse on top of the Alp...
746
00:58:17,076 --> 00:58:22,206
...to, I'm sure, relax
and confer with his staff...
747
00:58:22,373 --> 00:58:25,667
...because they all followed
him to Berchtesgaden.
748
00:58:25,835 --> 00:58:29,046
This was their final retreat.
749
00:58:29,297 --> 00:58:32,674
Of course, this is where
they had their loot as well.
750
00:58:32,926 --> 00:58:37,304
This was the goal of the French,
who were on our right flank.
751
00:58:37,472 --> 00:58:41,975
This was the goal of the British.
752
00:58:42,143 --> 00:58:47,022
And this is the place to capture.
This is the one everybody wanted.
753
00:58:47,190 --> 00:58:49,441
Hitler's Berchtesgaden retreat...
754
00:58:49,609 --> 00:58:52,694
...burned by SS troops
in the war's last days.
755
00:58:52,862 --> 00:58:57,199
The chalet from which he hoped
to rule the world now lies in ruins.
756
00:58:57,367 --> 00:59:00,619
American Air Force's pictures
show the gutted rooms...
757
00:59:00,787 --> 00:59:05,582
...and the great window through which
the führer gazed out on the Alps.
758
00:59:05,792 --> 00:59:11,296
We took Berchtesgaden May the 5th,
no fighting, no shooting.
759
00:59:11,464 --> 00:59:14,633
The only thing I seen
of Berchtesgaden was a couple...
760
00:59:14,842 --> 00:59:19,054
...dead SS troopers laying
on the road as we were going up.
761
00:59:19,305 --> 00:59:24,643
It was beautiful country. He knew how
to pick out a good spot for a house.
762
00:59:24,811 --> 00:59:29,940
We took over his house...
763
00:59:30,108 --> 00:59:32,359
...and liberated it, you might say.
764
00:59:32,569 --> 00:59:37,489
There was, obviously,
loot of all kinds...
765
00:59:37,657 --> 00:59:42,744
...that the men were looking for,
such as guns....
766
00:59:42,912 --> 00:59:46,039
There was money
that they were looting.
767
00:59:46,207 --> 00:59:49,543
I was a pack rat anyway.
I picked up a lot of German items...
768
00:59:49,711 --> 00:59:54,131
...including some post cards
and envelopes addressed to Hitler.
769
00:59:54,299 --> 00:59:57,718
Come to find out, that place
was full of big art...
770
00:59:57,885 --> 01:00:02,431
...Rembrandt and all those people
hanging on the wall.
771
01:00:02,599 --> 01:00:06,560
Old soldiers like us, we don't recognize
a painting when we see it.
772
01:00:06,728 --> 01:00:11,523
The 1 01 st Airborne Division uncovers
Hermann Goering's art collection...
773
01:00:11,691 --> 01:00:14,359
...hidden in a subterranean chamber.
774
01:00:14,527 --> 01:00:18,155
Twelve hundred artworks
worth millions are included.
775
01:00:18,323 --> 01:00:23,285
The treasures will go back to rightful
owners in pillaged nations.
776
01:00:25,663 --> 01:00:31,627
We found a warehouse full of gin
and vodka and stuff like that.
777
01:00:31,794 --> 01:00:34,880
Wasn't much whiskey.
Those people don't like it.
778
01:00:35,048 --> 01:00:37,758
And we took it all and set up a bar.
779
01:00:37,925 --> 01:00:41,094
Had seven truckloads
of champagne and cognac...
780
01:00:41,262 --> 01:00:45,724
...out of the wine cellars
out of the Eagle's Nest.
781
01:00:46,142 --> 01:00:48,977
So we stayed
pretty well oiled for a while.
782
01:00:49,145 --> 01:00:52,314
Oh, that champagne was good.
Oh, that was good.
783
01:00:52,482 --> 01:00:57,819
I started drinking it one day, and l
drank until about midnight that night.
784
01:00:57,987 --> 01:01:02,866
I went to the back and went to sleep.
I didn't wake up the next day.
785
01:01:03,034 --> 01:01:06,328
I made a two-day thing out of it.
786
01:01:06,496 --> 01:01:11,750
It didn't taste like it would hurt you.
It tasted like ginger ale.
787
01:01:11,918 --> 01:01:16,213
That was the only time I remember,
when l was in service...
788
01:01:16,381 --> 01:01:18,799
...that the company fell out
in their underwear.
789
01:01:18,966 --> 01:01:21,677
We didn't even have
to dress, you know.
790
01:01:21,844 --> 01:01:27,641
Everybody was looped, and so we fell
out in line formation in our underwear.
791
01:01:27,809 --> 01:01:31,061
They're enjoying themselves.
They're at peace with the world.
792
01:01:31,229 --> 01:01:35,440
They have a big, happy,
satisfied grin on their face.
793
01:01:35,608 --> 01:01:39,736
It was a paradise for
a soldier to move into.
794
01:01:40,613 --> 01:01:45,826
I had no problem with the looting,
because l came down through Germany.
795
01:01:45,993 --> 01:01:50,789
And l had seen the Holocaust.
796
01:01:51,666 --> 01:01:56,545
And l had seen what the Germans
had done to the Jewish race.
797
01:01:56,713 --> 01:02:02,300
And l had seen what they
had done to the displaced persons...
798
01:02:02,468 --> 01:02:06,263
...and what they had done
in their occupation of France.
799
01:02:06,431 --> 01:02:12,686
And what they had done to their
occupation in Holland, Belgium.
800
01:02:14,272 --> 01:02:19,401
So that by taking over
their homes for a few nights...
801
01:02:19,569 --> 01:02:22,612
...to bed down my men....
802
01:02:22,780 --> 01:02:27,826
And if they picked up
a few trinkets, l had no problem.
803
01:02:39,005 --> 01:02:45,051
Nobody has ever taken their time
to tell you how to handle a surrender.
804
01:02:47,013 --> 01:02:53,435
We'll talk about it when we get there.
Here we are. How do you handle this?
805
01:02:58,941 --> 01:03:01,777
The German army
was a well-disciplined army.
806
01:03:01,944 --> 01:03:04,613
Those prisoners that
come down out of the Alps...
807
01:03:04,781 --> 01:03:07,657
...they came down in formation.
They marched down.
808
01:03:07,825 --> 01:03:11,369
They didn't drag down
or nothing like that.
809
01:03:11,537 --> 01:03:16,541
They came down
as defeated soldiers.
810
01:03:16,709 --> 01:03:21,171
We thought the Germans were
the evilest people in the world...
811
01:03:21,339 --> 01:03:26,802
...but as the war went along, we found
out also, it wasn't the Germans...
812
01:03:26,969 --> 01:03:31,556
...per se, it was the SS
and the special troops.
813
01:03:31,724 --> 01:03:36,019
They were the ones
that could kill their own people...
814
01:03:36,187 --> 01:03:40,982
...and the regular German
soldier was not that way.
815
01:03:41,150 --> 01:03:44,694
One of those prisoners
handed me this little book...
816
01:03:44,862 --> 01:03:48,406
...and it was a Catholic
prayer book for the Mass.
817
01:03:48,574 --> 01:03:53,537
And l realized, "Hey, l haven't got
Nazis here. l've got some Catholics."
818
01:03:53,704 --> 01:03:57,624
And l've got a Catholic good enough
to stick one of these in his pocket.
819
01:03:57,792 --> 01:04:03,463
I've thought we might've been friends.
We might've had a lot in common.
820
01:04:03,631 --> 01:04:08,760
We might've liked to fish. He might've
liked to hunt. You never know.
821
01:04:08,928 --> 01:04:13,765
They did what they were supposed to,
and l did what l was supposed to.
822
01:04:13,933 --> 01:04:19,437
But under different circumstances,
we might've been good friends.
823
01:04:20,314 --> 01:04:23,942
I have a great deal of respect
for them as soldiers.
824
01:04:24,110 --> 01:04:27,070
They were very good soldiers.
825
01:04:27,238 --> 01:04:29,698
But they're still enemy...
826
01:04:30,032 --> 01:04:35,745
...so they must
be controlled as prisoners.
827
01:04:36,122 --> 01:04:41,459
When it reached the level
of surrender for company...
828
01:04:41,627 --> 01:04:43,795
...and smaller units...
829
01:04:43,963 --> 01:04:47,132
...l was assigned this major...
830
01:04:47,300 --> 01:04:50,886
...and when he walked in...
831
01:04:51,053 --> 01:04:54,180
...he presented me this pistol...
832
01:04:54,348 --> 01:05:00,312
...and offered
his personal surrender...
833
01:05:03,274 --> 01:05:09,237
...which, naturally,
I accepted gratefully.
834
01:05:09,572 --> 01:05:13,992
So that would be the end
of the war for his men...
835
01:05:14,160 --> 01:05:17,746
...and this is basically
the end of the war for my men.
836
01:05:17,914 --> 01:05:20,206
And the significance is...
837
01:05:20,374 --> 01:05:25,086
...it wasn't until later, after he gave
me his pistol and l had a chance...
838
01:05:25,296 --> 01:05:29,507
...to look at it carefully,
that I realized this pistol...
839
01:05:29,675 --> 01:05:32,052
...had never been fired.
840
01:05:32,595 --> 01:05:35,305
There was no blood on it.
841
01:05:36,974 --> 01:05:40,143
That's the way all wars should end...
842
01:05:40,311 --> 01:05:43,688
...with an agreement
with no blood on it.
843
01:05:43,856 --> 01:05:47,734
And l assure you, this pistol
has never, never been fired...
844
01:05:47,902 --> 01:05:52,364
...since l've had it,
and it will not be fired.
845
01:06:06,087 --> 01:06:08,546
We didn't come home
and flout ourselves.
846
01:06:08,714 --> 01:06:11,424
I didn't come home and say
I was a war hero.
847
01:06:11,592 --> 01:06:16,054
I came home and went back to it like
we did before war. Just go to work...
848
01:06:16,222 --> 01:06:18,390
...and live our life.
849
01:06:19,350 --> 01:06:23,061
I think it was difficult
for most fellows coming back.
850
01:06:23,229 --> 01:06:28,400
They didn't know what they were going
to do when they got out. l didn't.
851
01:06:28,567 --> 01:06:30,568
Went to work for a coal company.
852
01:06:30,736 --> 01:06:34,239
Did some bartendering
and ran a pool hall.
853
01:06:34,407 --> 01:06:37,367
Took up a course in
ornamental horticulture.
854
01:06:37,535 --> 01:06:41,746
It didn't pay very much,
but I met a lot of nice people.
855
01:06:44,625 --> 01:06:47,919
I went to work where
I was working before the war.
856
01:06:48,087 --> 01:06:49,963
It was Caterpillar Tractor Company.
857
01:06:50,131 --> 01:06:53,425
I became an industrial arts
and social studies teacher.
858
01:06:53,592 --> 01:06:57,095
The spring of '46, l took
a boat to Ketchikan, Alaska.
859
01:06:57,263 --> 01:07:01,683
I went to work for the government,
a letter carrier for 37 years.
860
01:07:01,851 --> 01:07:06,771
I built homes. l was in construction.
I went into hard work, tedious work.
861
01:07:06,939 --> 01:07:10,442
I'd done everything.
You name it, l done it.
862
01:07:11,861 --> 01:07:14,279
I ended up working
on the waterfront.
863
01:07:14,447 --> 01:07:16,698
I went with the ClA
in Washington.
864
01:07:16,866 --> 01:07:18,616
Got my degree in 1 948.
865
01:07:18,784 --> 01:07:21,745
After the war, l taught
for almost 30 years.
866
01:07:21,912 --> 01:07:24,873
Got a job working for
Nixon Nitration Works.
867
01:07:25,041 --> 01:07:28,043
I was making $75 a week.
868
01:07:28,210 --> 01:07:30,837
We've never become
wealthy in life...
869
01:07:31,005 --> 01:07:35,133
...but we have a lot of other wealth
that means more than that.
870
01:07:35,301 --> 01:07:40,096
Everyone done well,
I done well too, thank God.
871
01:07:48,272 --> 01:07:49,981
I want to welcome you...
872
01:07:50,149 --> 01:07:55,361
...to our banquet tonight to celebrate
the ending of a fine reunion.
873
01:07:55,529 --> 01:07:57,322
Thank you all for coming.
874
01:07:57,490 --> 01:08:01,034
I want to extend the best wishes
to all the men from company E506.
875
01:08:01,202 --> 01:08:04,829
I love you, God bless you all.
Thank you.
876
01:08:05,956 --> 01:08:08,291
The purpose the reunions serve...
877
01:08:08,459 --> 01:08:12,337
...is to give us a chance to get
together and talk to each other.
878
01:08:12,505 --> 01:08:17,342
We relive some
of the Army experiences.
879
01:08:17,510 --> 01:08:20,887
But we have great respect...
880
01:08:21,055 --> 01:08:24,516
...and, you might say,
affection for each other.
881
01:08:24,683 --> 01:08:28,144
The type of affection you get
when you've lived through...
882
01:08:28,312 --> 01:08:31,106
...many dangerous
situations together...
883
01:08:31,273 --> 01:08:34,400
...and have learned that
you can rely on each other.
884
01:08:34,568 --> 01:08:40,031
If you see them today, that bond's
there. The bond you can't explain.
885
01:08:40,199 --> 01:08:45,453
Soon as you see them, you're thinking
of battles, thinking of it to yourself.
886
01:08:45,621 --> 01:08:48,164
The men stand out amongst each other.
887
01:08:48,332 --> 01:08:53,461
There's an intimacy develops and like
nothing that l've ever experienced...
888
01:08:53,629 --> 01:08:57,924
...not in college, not with
any other group of people.
889
01:08:58,092 --> 01:09:02,720
We're a strange bunch of dudes,
as far as I'm concerned.
890
01:09:02,888 --> 01:09:09,144
To be this close after all these years,
that's the thing that gets me...
891
01:09:09,311 --> 01:09:11,938
...is we're like brothers.
892
01:09:12,106 --> 01:09:13,773
I'm back in my youth now.
893
01:09:13,941 --> 01:09:18,111
When I get to these guys,
I'm back when l went in the service.
894
01:09:18,863 --> 01:09:23,992
It's fantastic.
I'd like to make 20 more reunions.
895
01:09:24,160 --> 01:09:28,079
We had a lot of real
good times in there.
896
01:09:28,247 --> 01:09:31,624
Those are the times
you really remember, you know?
897
01:09:31,792 --> 01:09:36,880
A lot of those is what we kid each
other about at these reunions a lot.
898
01:09:37,047 --> 01:09:40,675
And then you had a lot of bad times.
899
01:09:40,968 --> 01:09:44,387
My family didn't know
anything about it...
900
01:09:44,555 --> 01:09:47,098
...and l just didn't tell them.
901
01:09:47,266 --> 01:09:50,185
I just, you know,
figured it was something...
902
01:09:50,352 --> 01:09:54,105
...that didn't need talking about.
It was done, over with.
903
01:09:54,273 --> 01:09:58,610
We didn't know Shifty the way
the men knew Shifty, you know.
904
01:09:58,777 --> 01:10:03,615
He started talking about it
just in the last five or six years.
905
01:10:03,782 --> 01:10:05,700
Last five, l'd say.
906
01:10:05,868 --> 01:10:09,787
It was like he--
That was another life, you know.
907
01:10:09,955 --> 01:10:15,877
He was another person, and we weren't
aware of the stuff he went through...
908
01:10:16,045 --> 01:10:17,837
...things he had seen.
909
01:10:18,005 --> 01:10:22,133
It didn't even dawn on me
that he had killed people.
910
01:10:22,301 --> 01:10:26,012
I really admire my dad, my daddy.
911
01:10:26,180 --> 01:10:30,141
He's a good guy.
He's a real strong guy.
912
01:10:30,309 --> 01:10:34,687
We travel a lot, and we've been
to France and to that cemetery.
913
01:10:34,855 --> 01:10:39,651
It's incredible. There's crosses
upon crosses lined up perfectly...
914
01:10:39,818 --> 01:10:45,531
...as far as the eye can see, and then
there's a cliff and the ocean.
915
01:10:46,116 --> 01:10:48,910
These weren't
just anonymous statistics.
916
01:10:49,078 --> 01:10:52,956
These were people I knew,
and l told my daughter, l said:
917
01:10:53,123 --> 01:10:57,460
"This guy here died at age 1 9 or 20."
918
01:10:57,628 --> 01:11:01,089
A whole life never lived.
919
01:11:01,257 --> 01:11:04,133
No family...
920
01:11:04,301 --> 01:11:05,510
...nothing.
921
01:11:05,678 --> 01:11:07,887
No children...
922
01:11:08,055 --> 01:11:13,643
...no opportunity to have satisfaction
in building a life, nothing.
923
01:11:14,103 --> 01:11:18,106
When I went there, I said,
"Dad, my gosh, you were so lucky."
924
01:11:18,274 --> 01:11:21,401
He looked at me and said,
"Yeah, l'm very lucky."
925
01:11:21,568 --> 01:11:23,987
And he started crying.
926
01:11:25,739 --> 01:11:29,284
These guys have been together
in the absolute base experiences...
927
01:11:29,451 --> 01:11:32,745
...of human existence.
They were there with each other...
928
01:11:32,913 --> 01:11:37,875
...thinking you're gonna die or seeing
people dying all around you.
929
01:11:38,043 --> 01:11:41,212
And there they went day after day...
930
01:11:42,548 --> 01:11:46,801
...and l admire that and held my father,
even on his tombstone...
931
01:11:46,969 --> 01:11:50,805
...as Sgt. Joe Toye.
932
01:11:52,766 --> 01:11:55,727
506 PIR 1 01st Airborne Division.
933
01:11:55,894 --> 01:12:00,982
That's what he wanted on his
tombstone. It meant that much to him.
934
01:12:11,160 --> 01:12:15,163
How it happened that
those various individuals...
935
01:12:15,331 --> 01:12:17,874
...ended up in E Company,
I don't know.
936
01:12:18,042 --> 01:12:23,046
But as you know, every Army unit
thinks it's the best...
937
01:12:23,213 --> 01:12:26,341
...but we knew we were the best.
938
01:12:30,512 --> 01:12:33,222
I think about the guys
more than anything.
939
01:12:33,390 --> 01:12:35,600
I think about most
of them every day.
940
01:12:35,768 --> 01:12:40,813
It's something that's etched
in your memory, l guess.
941
01:12:41,565 --> 01:12:44,233
It'll never leave either.
942
01:12:45,152 --> 01:12:48,780
Am l proud of having served
in that outfit? You bet your life.
943
01:12:48,947 --> 01:12:51,949
I wore that eagle
on my right shoulder for 1 8 years.
944
01:12:52,117 --> 01:12:54,285
Probably the proudest thing
in my whole life...
945
01:12:54,453 --> 01:12:58,331
...was having been
in Easy Company 506.
946
01:13:01,460 --> 01:13:04,420
The heroes had crosses
over their heads...
947
01:13:04,588 --> 01:13:07,298
...the ones that are buried
in the cemeteries.
948
01:13:07,466 --> 01:13:09,926
Those are the true heroes, not us.
949
01:13:10,094 --> 01:13:12,387
We're just part of the works.
950
01:13:12,554 --> 01:13:16,641
And we thank God we got
back alive. That's all.
951
01:13:18,644 --> 01:13:23,439
How would you like to be a mother
or a father to a son never come back?
952
01:13:25,317 --> 01:13:29,654
The son and the mother and the father
are the heroes of World War Il...
953
01:13:29,822 --> 01:13:32,281
...not the guys that come home.
954
01:13:34,827 --> 01:13:36,994
Let me say this...
955
01:13:38,705 --> 01:13:41,874
...l believe there's very,
very few heroes...
956
01:13:42,042 --> 01:13:46,796
...that came back from the war.
They're still over there.
957
01:13:56,140 --> 01:14:00,893
Do you remember the letter
that Mike Ranney wrote me?
958
01:14:01,061 --> 01:14:03,604
Do you remember how he ended it?
959
01:14:04,523 --> 01:14:09,360
"I cherish the memories
of a question my grandson...
960
01:14:09,528 --> 01:14:13,990
...asked me the other day
when he said:
961
01:14:14,158 --> 01:14:18,161
'Grandpa, were you
a hero in the war?'
962
01:14:20,497 --> 01:14:23,332
Grandpa said, 'No...
963
01:14:27,129 --> 01:14:30,715
...but l served
in a company of heroes."'
964
01:15:49,461 --> 01:15:54,006
Joe Toye.
Oh, there was a big mick.
965
01:15:54,258 --> 01:15:59,011
And we used to have a few beers
at night, and I'd sing.
966
01:15:59,846 --> 01:16:02,306
Guarnere would
come over and sing.
967
01:16:02,474 --> 01:16:04,267
He'd say to Guarnere:
968
01:16:04,434 --> 01:16:07,979
"Guarnere, you're ltalian,
you don't know this song."
969
01:16:08,146 --> 01:16:10,815
Guarnere could sing
it better than he did.
970
01:16:10,983 --> 01:16:12,567
"Bridget O'Flynn."
971
01:16:12,734 --> 01:16:14,443
How's it go?
972
01:17:08,206 --> 01:17:12,877
Now, that's the song Toye liked,
and that's what we sang.
973
01:17:13,045 --> 01:17:16,756
You only needed a sisal of beer.
Two beers you were drunk...
974
01:17:16,923 --> 01:17:19,634
...because you were
in great physical condition.
975
01:17:19,801 --> 01:17:22,887
You were too piqued, you know...
976
01:17:23,055 --> 01:17:27,516
...and two beers you were as high
as Georgia pine, you know.
81354
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